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Speaker 1: This is me eat your podcast coming at you shirtless, severely,

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Speaker 1: bug bitten, and in my case, underwear listening Hunt Me podcast.

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Speaker 1: You can't predict anything presented by first, like creating proven

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Speaker 1: versatile hunting apparel from Marino bass layers to technical outerwear

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Speaker 1: for every hunt first like go farther, stay longer. All right,

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Speaker 1: everybody joined today by a super special guest and talk

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Speaker 1: about this one for a long time. Jack Horner, John R.

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Speaker 1: Jack Horner. How sick are you hearing about the How

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Speaker 1: sick are you hearing about Jurassic Park? A little bit?

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Speaker 1: Not at all? Well, I think I've had enough of it,

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Speaker 1: if that's what you mean. That's what I mean, like,

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Speaker 1: because here I am sitting here like as a as

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Speaker 1: a host, right, I'm in a real bind because I'm like, uh,

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Speaker 1: everyone on the planet, everyone on the planet, um knows

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Speaker 1: about that. And you've got to be pretty when did

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Speaker 1: that movie come out? You have to be either you

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Speaker 1: love it or you hate it. The people are like,

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Speaker 1: you know, Jack Horner, Jurassic Park, you burned out on it.

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Speaker 1: I don't know. You know, I've seen it, but I

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Speaker 1: don't know. It was fun to make, It was fun

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Speaker 1: to work with Steven Spielberg. It was, you know, fun

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Speaker 1: to work with everybody. But you know, I like my

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Speaker 1: science better. You're saying it's not representative, So you you

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Speaker 1: weren't tempted after doing that, You weren't tempted to be like,

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Speaker 1: you know what, piss on this science. I'm gonna go

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Speaker 1: into the I'm gonna go into the movie consultant business. No,

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Speaker 1: I wouldn't. I wouldn't. It wouldn't have rated my job

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Speaker 1: for any of theirs, for anything in this world. All right,

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Speaker 1: So you know what I'm gonna do. This is just

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Speaker 1: by way of introduction. I'm not gonna mention that ship

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Speaker 1: at all anymore. So I just had to get it

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Speaker 1: out of the way. Listen, you know how, who's the

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Speaker 1: guy that wrote all the songs that uh, Eric Clapton

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Speaker 1: made famous? J J Klee? Right. J J. Kle would

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Speaker 1: write a song you do it, no one care, and

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Speaker 1: then Captain Clapton to do it, and it'd be a

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Speaker 1: big hit. So after a while you'd start thinking j. J.

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Speaker 1: Klee either hates Eric Clapton or likes Eric Clapton, and

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Speaker 1: someone put it to him, and he's basically like, that

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Speaker 1: ship made me a lot of money, right, all the

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Speaker 1: class and songs, not that one about his kid in

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Speaker 1: the window and all that, but most of the class

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Speaker 1: captain songs. We're j jkle tunes. H Moving on, Jack,

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Speaker 1: We're gonna talk about of some stuff that has nothing

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Speaker 1: to do with your groove book, but please because there

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Speaker 1: might be some things you might a w in X

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Speaker 1: what we're talking about, some disease things. I don't know

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Speaker 1: if you have a gender. If you're like interested in

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Speaker 1: mammalogy at all, I like all oologies. It's good accept astrology.

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Speaker 1: Astrology like the kind where you like use it to

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Speaker 1: the plant is to pick your face. I was just

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Speaker 1: about to ask what that is, some dude, have you

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Speaker 1: covered off on astrology before? I'm not buying it. I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna go out like I know it's a it's a

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Speaker 1: rare opinion, but I'm not buying it. It has to

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Speaker 1: do with the moon, Steve, that's right, you like the moon.

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Speaker 1: But here's the thing, man, If I was gonna make

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Speaker 1: if I was going to break the people of the

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Speaker 1: planet into twelve groups, and these groups would help them

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Speaker 1: figure out how their day was going to go, I

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Speaker 1: would have groups like this. You'd be like there'd be

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Speaker 1: a group called your father was an alcoholic, can beat you? Okay,

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Speaker 1: and then you're your thing for the day would be

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Speaker 1: like today, you'll probably have some trust issues, right, and

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Speaker 1: I would like have a goal like that, like you're

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Speaker 1: extraordinarily wealthy. And then it might be like today you'll

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Speaker 1: probably have some existential crisis, but you probably won't be

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Speaker 1: too worried about finances, and it'd be like and it

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Speaker 1: would just be like so much more helpful then some

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Speaker 1: crazy shit about you know what I mean, you should

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Speaker 1: write a self help book because that seems I'm gonna

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Speaker 1: break the world population into twelve groups. Every day. Those

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Speaker 1: people will wake up look and they'll be like, oh,

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Speaker 1: that's how today we'll go. Right. Yeah, it'd be like

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Speaker 1: you suffer from debilitating depression would be one of the signs.

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Speaker 1: And it'll be like today is gonna be rough. Today

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Speaker 1: it's gonna be rough. Uh, but it will am someday

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Speaker 1: It'll all be over. Uh. Oh, we're gonna promo. We're

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Speaker 1: gonna promo our like our our tremendous proliferation of YouTube content.

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Speaker 1: Where should we start sourced with? Daniel Prue is just

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Speaker 1: wrapping up, dude, I just found out a thing about

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Speaker 1: Danielle today that I want to talk about so bad,

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Speaker 1: but I didn't check with her if it's okay to

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Speaker 1: talk about. It has to do with the It has

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Speaker 1: to do with the very pugnacious, very sensitive German hunting

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Speaker 1: dog community. Oh is this something we've already tackled new news?

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Speaker 1: Just how fussy, how fussy and feisty. Yeah, like if

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Speaker 1: her dog sneezed and lost its facial hair, it would

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Speaker 1: be called a totally different dog and highly regarded by

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Speaker 1: another set of very pugnacious German hunting dog aficionados. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like what happened to Snort? How Snort lost hair on

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Speaker 1: its ear? They would come and they'd be like, um,

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Speaker 1: they'd want to come execute Snort her in a bag

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Speaker 1: and butt her in a river. She no longer represents

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Speaker 1: you know, right, You think those people would have got

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Speaker 1: over that kind of thing in the thirties. That's a

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Speaker 1: hell of a retrieve. But look at that tooth. But

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Speaker 1: I won't talk about until Danielle says we can talk

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Speaker 1: about it. But holy cow, it trumps all other crazy, fussy,

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Speaker 1: feisty German hunting dogs stuff we've covered. Well, it's a

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Speaker 1: rich story, but she might be a little pissed if

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Speaker 1: we talk about it. Uh. Um yeah, So Sourced with

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Speaker 1: daniel Prue was just wrapping up. Cal was on up. Cal.

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Speaker 1: Explain you were on an episode of Source. Talk about

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Speaker 1: that please. Um. So you know, Danielle is is very

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Speaker 1: food first oriented, very great at asking questions and and

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Speaker 1: finding out the why on what makes food good and interesting?

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Speaker 1: And um, I actually watched the last couple episodes last

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Speaker 1: night and um yeah yeah, super fun and and pick

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Speaker 1: up It entertaining, but it's also educational if if you

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Speaker 1: like to play around with with cooking wild game. So

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Speaker 1: like one of my favorite episodes is the episode with

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Speaker 1: Leeway and it's on dry edge fish, dry edge fish,

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Speaker 1: and um, there's it was hilarious because I was pulling

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Speaker 1: out some reef fish from Hawaii that had been marinating

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Speaker 1: in their own juices, and that was very high on

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Speaker 1: the list of things not to do in the episode.

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Speaker 1: He wasn't really crazy about that. No, No, dry fish, Um,

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Speaker 1: as fast as possible. He doesn't like when you catch

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Speaker 1: fish put in the ziplock bag and then it kind

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Speaker 1: of thaws a couple of times. Yeah, and then later

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Speaker 1: you heavy kids, you do what your kids would catch

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Speaker 1: up that would that would that would be listed as

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Speaker 1: not the way. Um. But yeah, great, great series entertaining

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Speaker 1: really pretty like very pretty food um, and then you

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Speaker 1: know plenty of very pretty getting outside uh and getting

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Speaker 1: you in the mindset of how you get that food.

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Speaker 1: We also got B side Fishing with our very own

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Speaker 1: Joel Ster Mellie Sooe. Joe hosts the Bent podcast and

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Speaker 1: uh season two A B side Fishing is out. Um.

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Speaker 1: Episode one was on shad. Episode two is on Snakehead

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Speaker 1: Uh snakehead fish, which Joe is like a big snakehead apologist. Um,

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Speaker 1: dude's funnier in hell. I love that guy. Check that

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Speaker 1: one out. And then right now, which is which is

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Speaker 1: uh I'm super high on is the one week in

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Speaker 1: November series you bolways listen, you always could have messed

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Speaker 1: that whole thing up, but you didn't. How could have

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Speaker 1: we mess it up by all of you going out

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Speaker 1: and not getting anything? You guys toured a new one. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: you guys like almost mess it up because you got

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Speaker 1: shipped too quick too. They get too me dear, I

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Speaker 1: mean not to me dear, because it's it's just like

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Speaker 1: a dear per Parson, but still it is just white

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Speaker 1: tails though, yeah, you know, just white tails. I didn't

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Speaker 1: counter some mule deer on my hunts, so you got that. Like,

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Speaker 1: give everybody the premise of One Week in November. We

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Speaker 1: have four hunters kill five bucks across seven different states

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Speaker 1: for one week in November, and met Eater hasn't done

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Speaker 1: anything like this before where they wrap up filming something

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Speaker 1: and ten days later it's on YouTube been available. So

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Speaker 1: this was really like targeting the seasonality of November and

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Speaker 1: being excited about the rout by the time this episode

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Speaker 1: comes out. Episode one and one and two of One

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Speaker 1: Week in November will be available. On the first episode,

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Speaker 1: Tony gets to start it by killing a mega eight

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Speaker 1: point buck in Minnesota. Really, Tony Peterson, that's correct. The

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Speaker 1: other hunters on the show where me, Mark Kenyon and

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Speaker 1: Clay newcome, you got you know what you should have

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Speaker 1: done is hired that dude that reads like at a time,

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Speaker 1: right and it had been in the world one week,

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Speaker 1: four states or something like that. So I don't I

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Speaker 1: don't think you did a good job lean off that.

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Speaker 1: Just the whole premise though, Okay, like probably see see grade. Okay,

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Speaker 1: I'll take another stab at here. Everyone likes hunt white tails.

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Speaker 1: They live for the first week in November. Right, America's

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Speaker 1: most popular big game animal, America's most popular big game animals.

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Speaker 1: You're gonna do it one week out of the year.

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Speaker 1: You do it first week in November, you know, I know.

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Speaker 1: There's like so, yeah, there's some fluctuations and all that.

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Speaker 1: There's some variations and the weather could impact blah blah blah.

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Speaker 1: But generally, if you had to like throw a pick

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Speaker 1: a calendar date range, that's the date range. Is there

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Speaker 1: date out there that shows like the one week out

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Speaker 1: of the year where there's the most hunters in the woods. Yes,

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Speaker 1: So road kill fertility studies have been done on does

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Speaker 1: that were like smashed on the side of the road,

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Speaker 1: and then they can date back to like when the

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Speaker 1: fetus was conceived or whatever. And I think in the

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Speaker 1: Midwest they on average saw like no is being the average.

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Speaker 1: So we're hunting a little bit ahead of what would

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Speaker 1: be like peak breeding. Oh that's when most doughs get bred.

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Speaker 1: When do most milder dolls get bred? You know, I

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Speaker 1: don't know, I don't know. And I surveyed ten big

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Speaker 1: buck killers like five years ago I asked them what

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Speaker 1: their favorite day of the road days, and I think

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Speaker 1: seven out of ten picked a day between November seven

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Speaker 1: and November ten. So there's first two weeks in November

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Speaker 1: are the best two weeks for most white tail hunters.

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Speaker 1: November thirteen is the main day they get fertilized. That

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Speaker 1: was in like Indiana, which was pretty well representative of

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Speaker 1: you know, anything from New England to the West, you know.

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Speaker 1: I think that with humans, I think that the summer

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Speaker 1: sols to score is real high. I can you remove

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Speaker 1: like holiday stuff, No, I think it does. Like the

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Speaker 1: summer sols, this is a high score. That's when we're running.

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Speaker 1: If you're doing yeah, if you're doing one about people,

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Speaker 1: you call it one day in June, one day in

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Speaker 1: late June, it's good. Um, so we have we have

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Speaker 1: me hunting in Montana, Wyoming. But it's it all plays

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Speaker 1: out real time. That's right. It was like the day right,

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Speaker 1: So you've got four dudes and four different places and

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Speaker 1: like episode one is that day, it's right? Episode two

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Speaker 1: is that day? It's right? And in like episode one day,

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Speaker 1: why why am I doing better at explain it to

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Speaker 1: like watch later, I'll be like talking about dinosaurs and

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Speaker 1: Jack and be like, no, ship on day one, You're

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Speaker 1: gonna see me in Montana. You're gonna see Clay Nucom

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Speaker 1: in Arkansas. You're gonna see Tony Peterson in Minnesota, and

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Speaker 1: Mark Kenyon in Iowa. There you go, it's getting better now,

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Speaker 1: it's right. You guys got dear Chram all over the place.

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Speaker 1: We really liked it and Chester watched it together. Oh great,

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Speaker 1: new episodes every Tuesday through the end of the year.

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Speaker 1: Um and in those seven episodes, I'll tell you this,

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Speaker 1: we kill five bucks, so there's action to be had.

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Speaker 1: I would also be a bad member of the production

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Speaker 1: team if I didn't mention how awesome it is that

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Speaker 1: this show is airing as quickly as it is. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: when the product, but it doesn't lose its production but

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Speaker 1: not at all. No. I mean Jack can tell you

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Speaker 1: all about making movies. He loves it. But normally you

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Speaker 1: shoot something for a few years sometimes, but I mean

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Speaker 1: it's getting turned around a week or two. Very talented crew,

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Speaker 1: every minute matter, to the point where like when we

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Speaker 1: would get done filming November one, memory cards were like

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Speaker 1: getting overnighted back to the office so those folks could

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Speaker 1: have them by the morning in November two. The long

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Speaker 1: and short of it, really all the stuff are top

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Speaker 1: is subscribe to our YouTube channel and all this stuff

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Speaker 1: will just get hand delivered to you. And hold up

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Speaker 1: and uh, when when I'm in Montana, Wyoming, I find

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Speaker 1: some really special rocks and petrified wood and egg it's

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Speaker 1: that are going to enter the auction House of Oddities

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Speaker 1: as a one week in November giveaway. One rock that

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Speaker 1: I find in Wyoming is one of the coolest pieces

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Speaker 1: of petrified would've ever found. It's like almost opalized. It's

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Speaker 1: about the size of a softball. That's going to be

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Speaker 1: in our auction house coming up later this year. Wait,

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Speaker 1: can you describe the opal eyes? Because I know what

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Speaker 1: an opal looks like. So does it look like iridescent?

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Speaker 1: And maybe jack Jack is not? And there there's common

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Speaker 1: there's common opal, and there's uncommon opal. Right, Well, I

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Speaker 1: don't know, I don't know my op. I don't know opal,

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Speaker 1: but I know opalized, you know would and sometimes even

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Speaker 1: you know, dinosaur bones can be opalized. Make it hell.

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Speaker 1: The rock that I have, the peace specrified wood, is

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Speaker 1: common opal, so it's not very iridescent um, but it

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Speaker 1: still has like this very nice, waxy ambery look to it.

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Speaker 1: It's going to be in our rockers. There's opalized there's

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Speaker 1: opalized wood um right here in the valley. Spencer's gonna

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Speaker 1: find it. No, it's right that podcast wraps are going

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Speaker 1: to have to tell us what you're like a secret hotspot.

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Speaker 1: I got it by that dump. I got a rock story.

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Speaker 1: I got a rock story. It'll titilate you, Spencer. And

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Speaker 1: then I happen to be in a place where there's

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Speaker 1: a big outcropping of green rock. There's a spring flowing out.

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Speaker 1: Seth can back me up on this. There's a spring

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Speaker 1: flowing out, flowing with it looked like it looked like St.

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Speaker 1: Patty's Day. The water flowing out from under that thing

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Speaker 1: was green. Seth. Yeah, I even remember asked Steve. I

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Speaker 1: was like, is this because that was gonna be our

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Speaker 1: our water source for the night. Remember, because we're playing

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Speaker 1: on camp. He's a little nervous about drinking that green,

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Speaker 1: was like, and we're already caught him that, We're already

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Speaker 1: calling that. Remember that old ad, set doesn't remember you

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Speaker 1: be an ad for Irish spring soap. We're like this dude,

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Speaker 1: like this old Raddy woolf sweater. He's got a jackknife

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Speaker 1: out and he cuts into the He's like standing out

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Speaker 1: by a spring, apparently in Ireland, and he takes his

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Speaker 1: jackknife and cuts a hunk of the shaving of the

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Speaker 1: soap off to show that it's apparently the soaps uniform color.

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Speaker 1: And he's like, I can't who can do an Irish accent?

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Speaker 1: I can't do any accent defensive? Come on, come on, phil,

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Speaker 1: Oh it's a it's a chunk of soap. Okay, do

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Speaker 1: say say clean as a whistle, that's Irish spring. Clean

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Speaker 1: as a whistle, that's Irish spring. We found a spring.

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Speaker 1: It was a dead ringer that like that. You could

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Speaker 1: have filmed that soap commercial at the spring. We were

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Speaker 1: on in one part of the continent, were you North America,

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Speaker 1: Upper Upper North America. So the head one of the

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Speaker 1: head waters of this was this green rock with green

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Speaker 1: water oozing out of the hillside. I'm not lying on

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Speaker 1: top of it. I don't wanna get too many details. Anyways,

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Speaker 1: I pick up a hunk of this green rock and

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Speaker 1: I'm thinking, I don't know what it is, but I

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Speaker 1: take up a little chunk and then I got sick.

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Speaker 1: Carrying that chunk and busted that chunk and had a

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Speaker 1: little or chunk to take home. What is it like? Copper?

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Speaker 1: So I gave it to a body mine who's kind

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Speaker 1: of tied into the arts world, sculpture and whatnot. He

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Speaker 1: gives it to a former student of his who's a jeweler,

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Speaker 1: and I said, I wanted a piece for my wife,

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Speaker 1: and I wanted a piece for my daughter made out

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Speaker 1: of that rock. He comes back all excited because it's

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Speaker 1: a green Jasper, Green Jasper. Now I'm having necklaces made

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Speaker 1: one of them. Is Seth's gonna too? But now Seth cans.

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Speaker 1: He's like a homeowner and a cabine owner can't be

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Speaker 1: blowing all his money. But half elk Ivory, half Jasper.

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Speaker 1: My daughter doesn't want a tooth in hers, she said,

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Speaker 1: So she's just getting straight up Jasper. What do you

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Speaker 1: buy that rock? Story? Spencer God alright, moving on to

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Speaker 1: our recurring me Eater Auction House of Oddities, which we're

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Speaker 1: on number group group five, Group five people. So here

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Speaker 1: here's the here's the lineup on group five. Remember we

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Speaker 1: had Dr John Karpowski, the squirrel Researcher, on the podcast.

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Speaker 1: His book which is like, if you're a squirrel enthusiast,

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Speaker 1: nukeam North American tree Squirrels. We have that book signed

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Speaker 1: by Dr John Kaprowski. If you're not obsessed with tree squirrels,

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Speaker 1: this is gonna get you that way. I don't know

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Speaker 1: why anyone would hope that they became obsessed with tree squirrels.

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Speaker 1: Do you know what I mean? It's like when you

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Speaker 1: read about people real quick, think about this. If you

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Speaker 1: read about things that are meant to increase ones sexual appetite, mhm,

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Speaker 1: Like if you don't like, if you don't have one,

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Speaker 1: do you wish you did? Like? It would be like

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Speaker 1: it'd be like, here's a here's a pill that makes

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Speaker 1: you want something you don't want. Now. I think there's

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Speaker 1: kind of a social pressure to want to have sex,

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Speaker 1: but I don't think there's a social pressure to want

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Speaker 1: to love tree squirrels. You hear saying like if I

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Speaker 1: said no, no, let's say I said, let's say Phil,

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Speaker 1: do you wish you had a red sports car? Not particularly? Oh,

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Speaker 1: take this pill and you'll want a red sports car?

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Speaker 1: I got you. Would you take the pill? No, because

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Speaker 1: you're not gonna get it? Read sports car? So here's

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Speaker 1: the deal. So I'm saying, if someone's not obsessed with

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Speaker 1: squirrel hunt, I don't know that they want to go

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Speaker 1: get a book to make them such. So this is

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Speaker 1: more what I'm speaking to here is people that are

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Speaker 1: already This is for people that are already obsessed with

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Speaker 1: squirrel inflation. But it could maybe convert you. Like I

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Speaker 1: wasn't previously obsessed with squirrels, and now I'm obsessed with squirrels.

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Speaker 1: Did you want to be obsessed with squirrels or was

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Speaker 1: it affliction? I fell into it. I fell into it. Yeah, Okay,

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Speaker 1: So back what I was saying. If you don't love

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Speaker 1: squirrels but wish you did, here's a great book for you.

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Speaker 1: More appropriately, if you love squirrels, mo everything about him,

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Speaker 1: this is the one you want. Also another meat crafter

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Speaker 1: now we learned about like the meat craft are are

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Speaker 1: are the Stephen rounella meatcrafter. Addition, meatcrafter from bench made

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Speaker 1: like when we sold them, we had a bunch they sold,

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Speaker 1: people loved them, some people like a lot of money

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Speaker 1: and it was but then some guy on ebayse sells

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Speaker 1: one for like twelve bucks because today and bad he

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Speaker 1: wants to donate money to conservation when we call him

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Speaker 1: out on it. Anyways, Now they're super valuable. Real people

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Speaker 1: are people are selling the damn things for on eBay

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Speaker 1: and getting thirty six bits. It's like an n f

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Speaker 1: T you can hold in your hands. It's like an

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Speaker 1: n f TV can cut your finger off with. So, dude,

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Speaker 1: when I was with Jordan Bud the other day, she

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Speaker 1: saw mine. Now she really wants one, but we were

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Speaker 1: putting them up on the auction house very value when

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Speaker 1: they go for good money. Hybrid hunting fixed blade knife

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Speaker 1: like a bony knife, currently out of stock on Bench

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Speaker 1: Made's website, but you can find one here at the

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Speaker 1: auction house of Oddity's Beautiful Knife. We got a one

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Speaker 1: Week in November package. This is pretty sweet. It's a

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Speaker 1: collection of gear and memorabilia that comes straight from the

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Speaker 1: first season of our latest YouTube series, One Week in November,

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Speaker 1: featuring our very own Mark Kenyon are very own, Spencer

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Speaker 1: New Heart are very own, Tony Peterson are very own.

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Speaker 1: Clay Nucom spent seven days hunting in seven different states.

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Speaker 1: Pieces include Marks Tethered, Phantom Tree Saddle and Predator Platform,

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Speaker 1: Tony's Prime bow, a bloodied arrow from Clay's white tail buck,

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Speaker 1: and a collection of goods from Spencer, including some wood

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Speaker 1: and egg as he found deering the hunt, his blaze,

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Speaker 1: orange me eater vest, his benchmate hinted hidden canyon hunter knife,

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Speaker 1: his first light, large dirt bag, duffel, and a bullet

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Speaker 1: he extracted from his white tail buck. I'm a bit

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Speaker 1: on that, sucker man. Then we got Blue Hour, which

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Speaker 1: is a ram painting inspired by the beauty, intensity, and

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Speaker 1: unniable presence of bighorn sheep residing in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem.

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Speaker 1: Artist the flip Flop Flesher's fiance. That's some serious f aliteration,

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Speaker 1: even though fiance flip flop fleshers man, she should start

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Speaker 1: out that's she should change sure from Instagram. She's like

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Speaker 1: k ray John's. She should be the f F f's

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Speaker 1: f quadruple, the f s just squad or just quad

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Speaker 1: f She should rebrand. So uh, Seth Morris our beloved,

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Speaker 1: Seth Morris, the flip flop flash her He's getting married

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Speaker 1: to the wildlife Artist Kelsey Johnson takes beautiful Pictures uses

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Speaker 1: that to base paintings off of. Anyways, Blue Hour beautiful

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Speaker 1: one from hers twelve by sixteen oil on canvas board. Beautiful.

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Speaker 1: Then check this one out. Polished petrified wood bookends. Spencer

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Speaker 1: new Hearth and his wife Shelby Huber found some pieces

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Speaker 1: of petrified wood near the Yellowstone River fifty million years ago.

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Speaker 1: These things were formed. Spencer and Shelby picked them. They

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Speaker 1: hand cut them, They hand polished him into perfection. There

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Speaker 1: are only two other sets of book ends like these

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Speaker 1: in existence. One belongs to Spencer, the other belongs to me,

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Speaker 1: So we usually say these are one of a kind items.

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Speaker 1: It's one of three. Spencer has a set. I complained

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Speaker 1: about him having a set and I didn't have a set.

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Speaker 1: He gave me a set. Set number three is here.

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Speaker 1: Pedestals of petrified wood cut flat on the bottom that

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Speaker 1: use as like book ends. They are choice from our

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Speaker 1: very own Spencer the Rockhound new Heart. Check this one out.

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Speaker 1: This for you folks down in Atlanta or their bouts

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Speaker 1: are headed to Atlanta a night for four at Kevin

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Speaker 1: Gillespie's Gun Show restaurant in Atlanta. Enjoy a decadent dinner

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Speaker 1: for four at Chef Kevin Gillespie's famed Atlanta restaurant guns Show.

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Speaker 1: During this interactive dining experience. Chefs prepare meals in an

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Speaker 1: open air kitchen and present them directly to patrons, and

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Speaker 1: cocktails are craft a table side on a rolling bar cart.

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Speaker 1: The value of the dinner roughly estimates to one fifty

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Speaker 1: bucks per person, but it's like worth a ton more

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Speaker 1: than that. Got a deer leg bottle opener. You heard

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00:24:14,520 --> 00:24:19,000
Speaker 1: that right. Brodie Henderson won this impressive bottle opener from

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Speaker 1: Spencer new Heart during a highly competitive, uncomfortably heated white

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Speaker 1: elephant gift exchange at I was just holding this thing

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Speaker 1: in my hand. This thing is hefty. You could beat

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Speaker 1: a intruder, yeah, and then if he had a bottle

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Speaker 1: of beer, you'd open it. Spencer bought it online from

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Speaker 1: an unnamed taxidermist for the occasion of our holiday party.

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Speaker 1: It has opened many a beer at many a met

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Speaker 1: eater function. The hoof, dew, clause and fur are in

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Speaker 1: perfect condition, and the opener is made of sturdy metal

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Speaker 1: for even the toughest bottle opening jobs. It's got a

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Speaker 1: warning that the only your dog and ahold it now

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00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:04,400
Speaker 1: that it has any smell to you know what dogs are. Finally,

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Speaker 1: we got the giveaway, so the at the auction house.

421
00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:08,880
Speaker 1: The way the giveaways work is there's stuff you've been

422
00:25:08,960 --> 00:25:10,399
Speaker 1: on like with money, and you bid it and buy it.

423
00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:12,000
Speaker 1: And there's stuff you just signed up and win for free.

424
00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:15,120
Speaker 1: The white Tail gear giveaway. So we did a giveaway

425
00:25:15,160 --> 00:25:17,840
Speaker 1: with the Doss Boat to boat. We did a giveaway

426
00:25:17,840 --> 00:25:20,440
Speaker 1: with me and Sess Bottle of Skunk Accidence. This is

427
00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:25,040
Speaker 1: the giveaway. Now, Okay, get yourself completely rigged up while

428
00:25:25,080 --> 00:25:28,120
Speaker 1: you're waiting. Check out one week in November to see

429
00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:32,840
Speaker 1: this gear in action. Uh. Someone wrote, and we're covering

430
00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:35,560
Speaker 1: off pretty heavy with when Dirkin was on about Gordon

431
00:25:35,640 --> 00:25:39,480
Speaker 1: Lightfoot and the record the Van Fitzgerald. You've wrote that song, Jack,

432
00:25:39,720 --> 00:25:42,159
Speaker 1: I am and we got I got the humming some

433
00:25:42,240 --> 00:25:45,280
Speaker 1: lines from Sundown. A guy rolled in, I don't know

434
00:25:45,280 --> 00:25:48,359
Speaker 1: if I don't know if like Gordon Lightfoot, historians know

435
00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:51,000
Speaker 1: this about Gordon Lightfoot. A guy wrote in about who

436
00:25:51,080 --> 00:25:55,160
Speaker 1: Sundown is? Sundown? You did you keep playing a little

437
00:25:55,200 --> 00:26:10,760
Speaker 1: quick liick of that? Uh whatever, Phil sun Um. So

438
00:26:10,840 --> 00:26:15,360
Speaker 1: this guy writes this recently on the podcast Gordon Lightfoot

439
00:26:15,400 --> 00:26:18,040
Speaker 1: has been a subject on some of the podcast. That

440
00:26:18,119 --> 00:26:20,840
Speaker 1: sentence could have been cleaned up and as someone who

441
00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:24,919
Speaker 1: is from or really Gordon's hometown. I feel like I

442
00:26:24,960 --> 00:26:30,800
Speaker 1: can shed some light on whose Sundown likely is. Paul Donnelly,

443
00:26:31,040 --> 00:26:34,080
Speaker 1: who has now passed away, was the local big drug dealer,

444
00:26:34,880 --> 00:26:37,440
Speaker 1: one of the biggest in the province, or so he claimed.

445
00:26:38,359 --> 00:26:41,760
Speaker 1: Paul was responsible for the important export of illegal goods

446
00:26:41,840 --> 00:26:45,320
Speaker 1: into the country direct from Central and South America. This

447
00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:48,960
Speaker 1: is important to note because Paul and Gordon were friends

448
00:26:48,960 --> 00:26:53,680
Speaker 1: of sorts. I always thought Gordon was a wholesome feller.

449
00:26:53,760 --> 00:26:58,760
Speaker 1: But wait until what comes next. This guy says it

450
00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:01,560
Speaker 1: very matter of fact. The this is widely known. While

451
00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:05,560
Speaker 1: Gordon was cheating on his wife with Kathy Smith. Now

452
00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:08,080
Speaker 1: listen to this sentence. You want to talk about sentence

453
00:27:08,080 --> 00:27:14,000
Speaker 1: that makes its own gravy. While Gordon was cheating on

454
00:27:14,119 --> 00:27:18,879
Speaker 1: his wife with Kathy Smith, who infamously killed John Belushi,

455
00:27:19,800 --> 00:27:25,040
Speaker 1: and it's thought to be Gordon's muse for Sundown, Paul Donnelly,

456
00:27:25,119 --> 00:27:27,919
Speaker 1: the drug dealer, was also cheating on his wife with

457
00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:34,480
Speaker 1: Kathy Smith. HM, think about that. You see how John

458
00:27:34,480 --> 00:27:36,359
Speaker 1: Belushi got worked into this whole thing. He died of

459
00:27:36,400 --> 00:27:38,440
Speaker 1: an overdose, right, So is this kind of a hot

460
00:27:38,600 --> 00:27:41,479
Speaker 1: Let's saying that Kathy Smith was maybe supplying him with

461
00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:46,720
Speaker 1: his eight balls or whatever. No, no, you're right. Can

462
00:27:46,760 --> 00:27:52,520
Speaker 1: you see that in the Irish bofe place? He goes

463
00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:54,399
Speaker 1: on and saying, I know this because Paul was my

464
00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:58,600
Speaker 1: grandparents neighbor for forty years. Anyways, I thought you might

465
00:27:58,640 --> 00:28:05,000
Speaker 1: like to know who Sundown probably was. Soun cream wats

466
00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:10,080
Speaker 1: everybody bought your first your first newly buck? Oh yeah, yes,

467
00:28:11,040 --> 00:28:15,280
Speaker 1: so I got my first buck. Earlier this week I

468
00:28:16,240 --> 00:28:19,320
Speaker 1: went on my first solo hunt. I had been to

469
00:28:19,359 --> 00:28:24,760
Speaker 1: this plot of public before. It's really not far from town.

470
00:28:24,880 --> 00:28:26,399
Speaker 1: I wouldn't be giving I wouldn't be going into a

471
00:28:26,440 --> 00:28:29,359
Speaker 1: whole hell of a a lot of detail personally. Okay, fine,

472
00:28:30,240 --> 00:28:33,960
Speaker 1: I wasn't gonna say much more than that, except to

473
00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:36,959
Speaker 1: except to say that it wasn't like in this area

474
00:28:37,080 --> 00:28:41,360
Speaker 1: where I would be too afraid of bears, um, because

475
00:28:41,360 --> 00:28:43,520
Speaker 1: then I probably wouldn't have gone. But myself a little

476
00:28:43,520 --> 00:28:46,680
Speaker 1: bit bear annoyed. I am very bar annoyed. Yeah, I'm

477
00:28:46,720 --> 00:28:50,000
Speaker 1: pretty bear annoyed. Um. I feel like I would probably

478
00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:54,840
Speaker 1: have a heart attack and die before being charged by

479
00:28:54,840 --> 00:28:57,720
Speaker 1: the bear. Yeah, I'm really that you don't want to

480
00:28:57,760 --> 00:29:00,920
Speaker 1: die that way? We do on my drive and I

481
00:29:01,000 --> 00:29:04,239
Speaker 1: always feel like if I'm out hiking, even if I'm

482
00:29:04,280 --> 00:29:07,680
Speaker 1: an area, in an area where that's wooded but that

483
00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:11,480
Speaker 1: probably doesn't have bears, I have that sense of like

484
00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:14,240
Speaker 1: maybe it's looking at me through the trees, like maybe

485
00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:17,920
Speaker 1: it's there. I always have this like kind of a

486
00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:20,840
Speaker 1: little anxiety. And he's and he's very baronnoid. You guys

487
00:29:20,840 --> 00:29:23,200
Speaker 1: can start like a Baronnoia support group and then we

488
00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:30,200
Speaker 1: should we shouldn't go out together and expose ourselves and um, yeah,

489
00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:36,160
Speaker 1: so this was a place where so um, I was

490
00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:41,600
Speaker 1: familiar with this plot. And I pulled up. There weren't

491
00:29:41,600 --> 00:29:44,080
Speaker 1: any other cars. I was very happy. I was like,

492
00:29:44,160 --> 00:29:46,360
Speaker 1: a great choice, careing you're going on Monday, don't do

493
00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:51,479
Speaker 1: this weekend thing anymore. And so to describe the area,

494
00:29:51,760 --> 00:29:57,360
Speaker 1: it's like it is a little more than left right,

495
00:29:58,080 --> 00:30:03,840
Speaker 1: and from front to back it's and and you kind

496
00:30:03,840 --> 00:30:06,280
Speaker 1: of have these I got a question left right from

497
00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:12,120
Speaker 1: traditionally we go north north, you would go north southeast west, okay, right,

498
00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:13,440
Speaker 1: with depending hell of a lot on what way you

499
00:30:13,480 --> 00:30:16,160
Speaker 1: walked into it from. There's really only one way to

500
00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:19,920
Speaker 1: walk in. This is also like overly descriptive of your spot. Yeah,

501
00:30:20,800 --> 00:30:22,880
Speaker 1: I would go in and d out a lot of

502
00:30:22,880 --> 00:30:25,440
Speaker 1: what you said. I've already found it on on X.

503
00:30:28,920 --> 00:30:31,880
Speaker 1: You showed up to your spot, there's nobody there, and

504
00:30:31,920 --> 00:30:35,240
Speaker 1: then I wouldn't even get founded here. It doesn't matter.

505
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:42,360
Speaker 1: Just like I'm trying to describe proxim in your town dimensions,

506
00:30:42,760 --> 00:30:45,680
Speaker 1: what it's commonly used for. Okay. How many plots of

507
00:30:45,720 --> 00:30:55,520
Speaker 1: public land very near town? All of them too. Okay,

508
00:30:57,000 --> 00:31:00,800
Speaker 1: you showed up, there's nobody there, and you found Dear Phil,

509
00:31:00,840 --> 00:31:02,280
Speaker 1: can you just do because I want to keep this

510
00:31:02,360 --> 00:31:10,440
Speaker 1: lesson in there? Can you just make it be like? Okay,

511
00:31:10,560 --> 00:31:19,440
Speaker 1: lesson learn? So um gracious? So I at you know what,

512
00:31:19,480 --> 00:31:25,120
Speaker 1: when I left my house, I checked my adometer two

513
00:31:25,160 --> 00:31:34,160
Speaker 1: point seven miles down not to give it away. Well, okay,

514
00:31:34,560 --> 00:31:39,640
Speaker 1: put the on x pin in the show notes where

515
00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:42,480
Speaker 1: Korean got it. Okay, So a way to do it

516
00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:45,959
Speaker 1: would be like there I was there, I was, So

517
00:31:46,040 --> 00:31:51,320
Speaker 1: I was there, and um I hiked up to one area,

518
00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:55,360
Speaker 1: and of course when I got up to kind of

519
00:31:55,360 --> 00:31:59,920
Speaker 1: this this field area and offense, all of the smart

520
00:32:00,080 --> 00:32:03,960
Speaker 1: deer were on private land. So um I decided to

521
00:32:04,080 --> 00:32:07,160
Speaker 1: glass as far as I could see in the kind

522
00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:11,440
Speaker 1: of opposite direction. And at about three quarters of a

523
00:32:11,480 --> 00:32:18,400
Speaker 1: mile was one deer kind of close to the other

524
00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:21,240
Speaker 1: side of the fence, which was private. Um, but I

525
00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:24,440
Speaker 1: think it was basically one deer on this entire plot.

526
00:32:25,480 --> 00:32:28,160
Speaker 1: And I got very excited, and it was kind of windy,

527
00:32:28,280 --> 00:32:29,800
Speaker 1: so it's hard for me to see if there were

528
00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:34,440
Speaker 1: antlers or not, and there were so um, I went

529
00:32:34,600 --> 00:32:39,520
Speaker 1: down way before I probably needed to. I started. I

530
00:32:39,560 --> 00:32:41,880
Speaker 1: got on my belly to start to crawl, and there

531
00:32:41,960 --> 00:32:45,600
Speaker 1: was a whole lot of just crawling on my belly.

532
00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:48,480
Speaker 1: And where I got to a spot where I felt

533
00:32:48,520 --> 00:32:52,640
Speaker 1: like I was hidden enough lying on my belly and

534
00:32:52,840 --> 00:32:55,160
Speaker 1: being able to see like part of its antlers and

535
00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:58,600
Speaker 1: part of its ears, is where I stopped. And I

536
00:32:59,120 --> 00:33:03,560
Speaker 1: could tell that he could sense something like he kept

537
00:33:03,640 --> 00:33:06,280
Speaker 1: kind of he seemed to be alert, but couldn't see

538
00:33:06,280 --> 00:33:10,640
Speaker 1: where I was. And um, at one point he moved

539
00:33:10,720 --> 00:33:15,840
Speaker 1: such that I had maybe like a third broadside. And

540
00:33:16,200 --> 00:33:19,480
Speaker 1: this is this is a lesson that I will take

541
00:33:19,560 --> 00:33:23,640
Speaker 1: going forward. When I the next time I go target shooting,

542
00:33:23,720 --> 00:33:27,600
Speaker 1: I will not shoot bullseye targets. I will And I

543
00:33:27,720 --> 00:33:30,200
Speaker 1: called Cal and we talked about this, and I think

544
00:33:30,200 --> 00:33:35,360
Speaker 1: it's so important for people to practice on dear targets

545
00:33:35,960 --> 00:33:40,880
Speaker 1: to know where you need to aim based upon how

546
00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:44,400
Speaker 1: you are positioned and how the animals position. So everyone

547
00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:47,680
Speaker 1: talks about broadside, but what if it's not broadside? And

548
00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:49,959
Speaker 1: what if you can't get a broadside shot? What if

549
00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:52,440
Speaker 1: it's nose? Two knows? Like where do you aim on

550
00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:54,719
Speaker 1: the chest to get a heart or long shot? If

551
00:33:54,760 --> 00:33:58,400
Speaker 1: it's kind of back to you? Backside is to you?

552
00:33:58,480 --> 00:34:00,680
Speaker 1: Where do you so that that's real what I'll need?

553
00:34:01,440 --> 00:34:03,800
Speaker 1: You have to crack open The Complete Guide to Hunting, Butchering,

554
00:34:03,800 --> 00:34:06,160
Speaker 1: and Cooking Wild Game, Volume one, Big Game. I will

555
00:34:06,200 --> 00:34:09,680
Speaker 1: do that. I will do that. I got all, yeah,

556
00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:11,880
Speaker 1: that's that I think I will need at the shooting

557
00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:14,720
Speaker 1: at the shooting range, I will not just shoot bull's

558
00:34:14,760 --> 00:34:19,719
Speaker 1: eyes anymore. So I took a shot and it ended

559
00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:21,799
Speaker 1: up being a little bit low, so it was a

560
00:34:21,840 --> 00:34:23,799
Speaker 1: gut shot, but I didn't know that because it went

561
00:34:23,880 --> 00:34:28,360
Speaker 1: down immediately, and I was like, oh my god, really

562
00:34:29,360 --> 00:34:31,440
Speaker 1: I did I did? I just do it like I

563
00:34:31,480 --> 00:34:33,880
Speaker 1: was very excited, but I did not get up and

564
00:34:33,920 --> 00:34:36,439
Speaker 1: I just lay there and waited because I know that

565
00:34:37,640 --> 00:34:41,600
Speaker 1: from working on this podcast, and if you approach a deer,

566
00:34:41,640 --> 00:34:45,360
Speaker 1: if you approach a buck or a bull, uh, and

567
00:34:45,440 --> 00:34:50,359
Speaker 1: it's not dead. You may get um gordon, you might

568
00:34:50,360 --> 00:34:52,839
Speaker 1: get you might get totally gored by its antlers. So

569
00:34:52,920 --> 00:34:56,880
Speaker 1: I just stayed lying down and thirty seconds later it

570
00:34:57,000 --> 00:35:02,080
Speaker 1: stood up and I was it was my heart sunk.

571
00:35:02,560 --> 00:35:04,640
Speaker 1: I started to get very nervous. I didn't know where

572
00:35:04,680 --> 00:35:06,799
Speaker 1: to take the next shot. It was nose to nose

573
00:35:06,880 --> 00:35:10,560
Speaker 1: to me, there was just all the I didn't kill it,

574
00:35:10,560 --> 00:35:13,719
Speaker 1: it's suffering. What am I supposed to do? Um? And

575
00:35:13,760 --> 00:35:20,160
Speaker 1: I ended up taking a not very good shot another

576
00:35:20,320 --> 00:35:23,640
Speaker 1: not very good shot, and I almost destroyed a little

577
00:35:23,640 --> 00:35:26,080
Speaker 1: bit of backshot but didn't. It was like a couple

578
00:35:26,200 --> 00:35:32,520
Speaker 1: inches to the right of its spine. Um. And then

579
00:35:32,640 --> 00:35:36,080
Speaker 1: I felt like an idiot and needed to take a

580
00:35:36,120 --> 00:35:38,279
Speaker 1: third shot. Or I just waited for a little bit

581
00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:40,560
Speaker 1: um and thought that I needed to take a third

582
00:35:40,600 --> 00:35:44,400
Speaker 1: shot or slit its throat or something. My gun jammed.

583
00:35:44,480 --> 00:35:46,680
Speaker 1: It was a whole disaster. Was freaking out for a

584
00:35:46,680 --> 00:35:53,040
Speaker 1: little bit. And finally he turned to be almost broadside

585
00:35:53,560 --> 00:35:56,360
Speaker 1: to me on the other side, on his opposite side,

586
00:35:57,040 --> 00:36:01,320
Speaker 1: and I shot him again and he went down and

587
00:36:01,400 --> 00:36:05,000
Speaker 1: he eventually died, but he didn't die immediately, and while

588
00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:08,960
Speaker 1: he was not dying immediately, I wondered if I needed

589
00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:12,920
Speaker 1: to let it start. I've heard of people who, you know,

590
00:36:13,000 --> 00:36:15,640
Speaker 1: to put the creature out of its misery sooner rather

591
00:36:15,719 --> 00:36:19,520
Speaker 1: than later, to do that, but I remembered, you know,

592
00:36:19,600 --> 00:36:23,520
Speaker 1: because I was myself, I didn't feel like compromising my

593
00:36:23,600 --> 00:36:28,120
Speaker 1: own safety to end its life sooner. I knew that

594
00:36:28,160 --> 00:36:29,879
Speaker 1: it was going to die, but I made the choy.

595
00:36:29,920 --> 00:36:32,120
Speaker 1: I was sitting there like, buddy, I'm really sorry, and

596
00:36:32,160 --> 00:36:35,319
Speaker 1: I was upset about it, but I still stayed. You know,

597
00:36:35,680 --> 00:36:41,399
Speaker 1: he's got two exactly um and he died a few

598
00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:46,000
Speaker 1: minutes later and that was it. And then I gutted

599
00:36:46,080 --> 00:36:49,080
Speaker 1: him and called my boyfriend and we carried it out

600
00:36:49,120 --> 00:36:52,560
Speaker 1: on our shoulders and and then I cried at who

601
00:36:52,600 --> 00:36:58,240
Speaker 1: I am in the shower after there was no I hadn't. Yeah,

602
00:36:58,280 --> 00:37:00,160
Speaker 1: it was really funny, like it kind of hit me

603
00:37:00,560 --> 00:37:03,880
Speaker 1: after I called Hayden, like we you know, there was

604
00:37:03,920 --> 00:37:11,200
Speaker 1: a kind of um, you know, quartering quartering party and

605
00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:15,239
Speaker 1: uh yeah, way later, I you know, I think I

606
00:37:15,280 --> 00:37:18,600
Speaker 1: think like when the smell of its like scent gland

607
00:37:18,640 --> 00:37:22,879
Speaker 1: was washing out of my hairs when I was which

608
00:37:22,920 --> 00:37:26,359
Speaker 1: when it kind of hit me a little bit, um,

609
00:37:26,400 --> 00:37:28,000
Speaker 1: But I think there were so many things that I

610
00:37:28,040 --> 00:37:35,759
Speaker 1: did wrong that learning experience, Like there's a lot of

611
00:37:35,800 --> 00:37:38,440
Speaker 1: things you did right. Yeah, it's hard to figure. I mean,

612
00:37:38,440 --> 00:37:40,239
Speaker 1: it's hard to go figure stuff. And most people will

613
00:37:40,239 --> 00:37:42,439
Speaker 1: never go do not most people a lot of people

614
00:37:42,480 --> 00:37:45,040
Speaker 1: won't go do something by themselves. They don't understand well

615
00:37:45,040 --> 00:37:47,080
Speaker 1: because they're so paralyzed by the idea they're going to

616
00:37:47,160 --> 00:37:51,080
Speaker 1: do it wrong. Yeah, I mean I was, Um, there

617
00:37:51,080 --> 00:37:53,400
Speaker 1: were certain things that I was really proud of myself

618
00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:56,880
Speaker 1: in the moment, just how I was trying to like

619
00:37:57,080 --> 00:38:00,840
Speaker 1: read where I needed to be to take a shot,

620
00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:03,960
Speaker 1: or how close I needed to be, or you know,

621
00:38:04,080 --> 00:38:07,560
Speaker 1: being really quiet and and trying to be patient. But

622
00:38:07,680 --> 00:38:09,680
Speaker 1: it was some of the you know it's in the

623
00:38:09,760 --> 00:38:12,760
Speaker 1: moment when you're adrenaline is like coursing through your veins

624
00:38:12,840 --> 00:38:17,120
Speaker 1: or stress hormones and trying to just get it done

625
00:38:17,920 --> 00:38:19,759
Speaker 1: in one shot. I mean, it was close enough I

626
00:38:19,760 --> 00:38:23,400
Speaker 1: could have I mean, you know, I could have um,

627
00:38:23,480 --> 00:38:27,200
Speaker 1: but it didn't. It didn't happen that way. So definitely

628
00:38:27,280 --> 00:38:30,560
Speaker 1: lessons for the next time that I do it corintext

629
00:38:30,560 --> 00:38:32,520
Speaker 1: of me yesterday because she's trying to figure out how

630
00:38:32,520 --> 00:38:37,080
Speaker 1: to make a freedom mount and head cheese. Oh yeah, yeah,

631
00:38:37,640 --> 00:38:40,040
Speaker 1: which I told you not exclusive, you can head cheese,

632
00:38:40,800 --> 00:38:44,600
Speaker 1: he said. You remember how they had to rebrand French

633
00:38:44,640 --> 00:38:46,200
Speaker 1: fries because then they didn't want us to do in

634
00:38:46,239 --> 00:38:51,759
Speaker 1: bait Iraq, I rebranded euro Like, I don't know what

635
00:38:51,800 --> 00:38:54,080
Speaker 1: the hell has to do in Europe. That's school, that's

636
00:38:54,120 --> 00:38:58,840
Speaker 1: totally totally doable. But I feel like I feel like people.

637
00:38:58,880 --> 00:39:02,960
Speaker 1: It seems like people way east, so like the average

638
00:39:03,400 --> 00:39:04,920
Speaker 1: I mean, you guys have known this, but it's like

639
00:39:04,960 --> 00:39:08,239
Speaker 1: the average person seems to waste so much meat and

640
00:39:08,280 --> 00:39:12,040
Speaker 1: I'm like trying to pick every little bit of flesh out,

641
00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:13,520
Speaker 1: like it's going to go to my dog or it's

642
00:39:13,520 --> 00:39:15,960
Speaker 1: going to go to soup. Like I don't, well, you

643
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:18,719
Speaker 1: stare deep enough into those ears and nose gonna Oh

644
00:39:18,760 --> 00:39:23,800
Speaker 1: yeah I did. I did. I cleaned out this large,

645
00:39:23,840 --> 00:39:27,880
Speaker 1: pinky sized larva. I actually actually cleaned some of the

646
00:39:27,880 --> 00:39:30,319
Speaker 1: ear wax out of its ears, and they were like,

647
00:39:30,400 --> 00:39:32,800
Speaker 1: even though you're amounting it, I was just like so interested.

648
00:39:32,840 --> 00:39:35,359
Speaker 1: So I was looking I was looking in in it,

649
00:39:36,080 --> 00:39:37,920
Speaker 1: and then um, they were still like there are a

650
00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:42,000
Speaker 1: number of mites, you know, crawling out. You know, they're interesting.

651
00:39:42,000 --> 00:39:44,440
Speaker 1: Place to find painful looking stuff on deer is in

652
00:39:44,480 --> 00:39:49,080
Speaker 1: the corner of their eyes, oh like little like little

653
00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:51,600
Speaker 1: like I pooh, yeah, No, they get like a pocket

654
00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:55,520
Speaker 1: of like weird material in there. It looks like sawdust.

655
00:39:55,520 --> 00:39:57,799
Speaker 1: I don't understand what that that episode six of One Week

656
00:39:57,840 --> 00:40:00,480
Speaker 1: in November, Tony Peter Sin kills a white tail whose

657
00:40:00,520 --> 00:40:03,359
Speaker 1: eyes are all messed up? Is he packed full stuff

658
00:40:03,360 --> 00:40:05,480
Speaker 1: from rubbing his antlers or something. I don't know. I've

659
00:40:05,520 --> 00:40:07,320
Speaker 1: only seen pictures of it, but I'm sure it'll be

660
00:40:07,320 --> 00:40:13,279
Speaker 1: addressed on the episode. That's a good cliff there. Um,

661
00:40:13,400 --> 00:40:16,040
Speaker 1: that's good man. I don't know, you see like all

662
00:40:16,040 --> 00:40:18,640
Speaker 1: tore up about it, but I mean here, here's look

663
00:40:18,680 --> 00:40:25,160
Speaker 1: at I need to do better on Yeah, Like I

664
00:40:25,200 --> 00:40:26,360
Speaker 1: don't want to do it, but I could tell that

665
00:40:26,440 --> 00:40:31,400
Speaker 1: story real quick. But can you set a template for me?

666
00:40:31,600 --> 00:40:34,640
Speaker 1: I'd be like, Okay, you really want me to? Yeah, seriously,

667
00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:38,000
Speaker 1: because like I totally bored myself to death. I got

668
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:41,200
Speaker 1: this little spot at hunt. It's really small, it's close town.

669
00:40:42,120 --> 00:40:43,839
Speaker 1: Um usually go out there and you just see deer

670
00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:46,000
Speaker 1: like on other people's properties. But I went out there

671
00:40:46,080 --> 00:40:47,840
Speaker 1: and like, holy sh it, there's a deer like on

672
00:40:48,440 --> 00:40:51,080
Speaker 1: the part I can Hunt, which really surprised me. So

673
00:40:51,120 --> 00:40:53,279
Speaker 1: I crept up on it and I got a couple

674
00:40:53,320 --> 00:40:58,680
Speaker 1: of bad hits, but it died. It was so good.

675
00:40:59,080 --> 00:41:05,080
Speaker 1: I will will point out that Korean told me the story.

676
00:41:06,600 --> 00:41:08,640
Speaker 1: I think we were at the thirty seven minute mark,

677
00:41:10,160 --> 00:41:14,719
Speaker 1: but by the time we were wrapped up, that would

678
00:41:14,719 --> 00:41:20,800
Speaker 1: be a great no. The hunt was from the time

679
00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:22,719
Speaker 1: I saw it to the time I got it was

680
00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:24,719
Speaker 1: a little over an hour. I used to want to

681
00:41:24,719 --> 00:41:28,600
Speaker 1: start a business version for you. I want to start

682
00:41:28,640 --> 00:41:31,240
Speaker 1: a business where people that are trying to rationalize something

683
00:41:31,480 --> 00:41:33,560
Speaker 1: that doesn't make any sense would call you up and

684
00:41:33,560 --> 00:41:36,640
Speaker 1: you'd help them rationalize it, or that they want to

685
00:41:36,640 --> 00:41:38,600
Speaker 1: buy a certain car but they're already in debt and everything.

686
00:41:39,440 --> 00:41:41,680
Speaker 1: And I'd be like, hey, listen, man, let's try this

687
00:41:41,719 --> 00:41:44,600
Speaker 1: one on. Um. You do best when you feel good

688
00:41:44,640 --> 00:41:47,320
Speaker 1: about yourself, Right, You'd like to feel like a winner,

689
00:41:47,880 --> 00:41:51,160
Speaker 1: and that helps you perform like a winner. So maybe

690
00:41:51,160 --> 00:41:54,560
Speaker 1: you need this car to become a winner. Right, I'll

691
00:41:54,560 --> 00:41:57,759
Speaker 1: help you, like rationalized ship. Better business might be people

692
00:41:57,800 --> 00:41:59,480
Speaker 1: call um, They're like, dude, I got a hunting story,

693
00:41:59,560 --> 00:42:02,520
Speaker 1: but I don't know how to tell it, and then

694
00:42:02,560 --> 00:42:04,359
Speaker 1: they tell it, and then you're like, okay, let's work

695
00:42:04,360 --> 00:42:08,359
Speaker 1: out of here. What you do start like this good

696
00:42:08,400 --> 00:42:12,319
Speaker 1: little business. I'll be like hit one for rationalizations, hit

697
00:42:12,400 --> 00:42:17,120
Speaker 1: two for lengthy hunts. But I think you did a

698
00:42:17,120 --> 00:42:20,720
Speaker 1: great I think you just you know, it's it's however

699
00:42:20,800 --> 00:42:22,319
Speaker 1: you want to say at time in the woods, time

700
00:42:22,360 --> 00:42:25,440
Speaker 1: in the saddle, you know, you just need more repetition.

701
00:42:26,160 --> 00:42:28,640
Speaker 1: And even with a lot of repetition, you can end

702
00:42:28,719 --> 00:42:31,560
Speaker 1: up in a situation where you're like, yeah, a couple

703
00:42:31,600 --> 00:42:33,719
Speaker 1: of bad hits, and but I got it. I know

704
00:42:33,760 --> 00:42:35,080
Speaker 1: what I was gonna tell you to make you feel better,

705
00:42:35,640 --> 00:42:37,040
Speaker 1: not make you feel better. But here's the thing. Let's

706
00:42:37,040 --> 00:42:40,480
Speaker 1: say your bowl hunting and you hit it here it

707
00:42:40,600 --> 00:42:43,080
Speaker 1: runs off, and you got okay, you're not We're gonna

708
00:42:43,080 --> 00:42:47,400
Speaker 1: wait an hour, okay, So later you go trail it,

709
00:42:47,480 --> 00:42:50,080
Speaker 1: and as you're trailing it, you're like, oh, here's where

710
00:42:50,120 --> 00:42:52,680
Speaker 1: it stopped for a while, And there's like a pipe

711
00:42:52,680 --> 00:42:55,880
Speaker 1: hate size pool of blood dried on the leaves, and

712
00:42:55,920 --> 00:42:57,480
Speaker 1: you go a little bit like, oh, it stopped here

713
00:42:57,480 --> 00:42:59,680
Speaker 1: for a while, And you go a little bit. Now

714
00:42:59,719 --> 00:43:01,520
Speaker 1: you're a hundred yards away from where you hit it

715
00:43:01,600 --> 00:43:06,680
Speaker 1: and here it is dead. Uh, that might not have happened.

716
00:43:07,400 --> 00:43:12,120
Speaker 1: That might have happened over an hour, but it's out

717
00:43:12,120 --> 00:43:15,959
Speaker 1: of sight. So that person then finds and there's nothing

718
00:43:15,960 --> 00:43:20,920
Speaker 1: but happy they didn't have to witness what went on

719
00:43:21,760 --> 00:43:25,440
Speaker 1: during that hour. The reason they're waiting an hour. They're

720
00:43:25,480 --> 00:43:28,160
Speaker 1: waiting an hour because it might not be dead. If

721
00:43:28,200 --> 00:43:30,040
Speaker 1: it was a foregone conclusion that was laying there dead,

722
00:43:30,080 --> 00:43:32,560
Speaker 1: you wouldn't need to wait an hour. You're like letting

723
00:43:32,560 --> 00:43:35,719
Speaker 1: it die, do you know what I'm saying. So you

724
00:43:35,760 --> 00:43:40,359
Speaker 1: were witnessed to something that is it is like, if

725
00:43:40,360 --> 00:43:43,120
Speaker 1: you're not comfortable with that, then don't shoot at things.

726
00:43:44,120 --> 00:43:46,680
Speaker 1: If you're witnessing, you're witnessing something that is is like

727
00:43:46,760 --> 00:43:49,759
Speaker 1: people just assume it's happening out of their view in

728
00:43:49,840 --> 00:43:54,520
Speaker 1: thick country. Well here's a question. After you maybe take

729
00:43:54,560 --> 00:43:58,760
Speaker 1: a bad shot and it goes down and it comes

730
00:43:58,840 --> 00:44:01,160
Speaker 1: up slowly, and I think, like it's just trying to

731
00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:08,680
Speaker 1: gather itself. It might die if you just still watch, Okay, okay,

732
00:44:09,360 --> 00:44:22,879
Speaker 1: if it comes back shot okay. So guy was listening

733
00:44:22,920 --> 00:44:25,399
Speaker 1: to the podcast at his camp fire and he got

734
00:44:25,440 --> 00:44:27,640
Speaker 1: and he was listening to chaster singing his who yep,

735
00:44:27,680 --> 00:44:31,000
Speaker 1: who yep a song and it called in a black

736
00:44:31,040 --> 00:44:38,480
Speaker 1: bear and two cups that song should uh put that

737
00:44:38,520 --> 00:44:41,000
Speaker 1: on a fox bro or something I know, put it

738
00:44:41,040 --> 00:44:47,080
Speaker 1: on a predator caller Chester going called one in, um

739
00:44:47,080 --> 00:44:50,680
Speaker 1: oh dirt, miss body shot a bear. It took it

740
00:44:50,719 --> 00:44:53,279
Speaker 1: to get checked and they just had tranquilized and relocated

741
00:44:53,280 --> 00:44:55,640
Speaker 1: the bear. Which when someone gets a bear, in the

742
00:44:55,680 --> 00:44:57,239
Speaker 1: back of your mind you're thinking like, hey, must be

743
00:44:57,239 --> 00:44:59,240
Speaker 1: a good hunter. But then when he gets a bear

744
00:44:59,360 --> 00:45:03,120
Speaker 1: that's been recently relocated, it paints this entirely different picture

745
00:45:04,280 --> 00:45:06,239
Speaker 1: where it's like, what the hell is that bear doing there? Right?

746
00:45:06,239 --> 00:45:09,520
Speaker 1: There's figuring things out. So he got had recently been

747
00:45:09,719 --> 00:45:13,000
Speaker 1: had lived where he's lived for ten days, and um,

748
00:45:13,080 --> 00:45:17,399
Speaker 1: you know, you know, kudos him. So the fishing game says,

749
00:45:17,400 --> 00:45:20,160
Speaker 1: we just tranquilized that bear, don't eat it, to which

750
00:45:20,200 --> 00:45:22,160
Speaker 1: I said, that's just someone trying to cover their ass,

751
00:45:22,160 --> 00:45:24,440
Speaker 1: like there's no way that's gonna make you sick. And

752
00:45:24,440 --> 00:45:26,759
Speaker 1: then we talked about people we've known that have been

753
00:45:26,840 --> 00:45:31,760
Speaker 1: hit by tranquilizer darts and they were fine. Kind of Uh.

754
00:45:32,040 --> 00:45:36,520
Speaker 1: Someone wrote him to say someone from Minnesota's DNR who

755
00:45:36,640 --> 00:45:41,200
Speaker 1: unnecessary unesthetizes bears. He says, there isn't a lot of

756
00:45:41,239 --> 00:45:43,800
Speaker 1: literature on the subject, but the thirty day window is

757
00:45:43,880 --> 00:45:47,560
Speaker 1: usually derived from the retention time of drugs in the

758
00:45:47,640 --> 00:45:52,080
Speaker 1: muscles of domestic animals are captain wildlife. The use of

759
00:45:52,080 --> 00:45:55,040
Speaker 1: domestic animals is a good proxy for wild animals because

760
00:45:55,040 --> 00:45:58,280
Speaker 1: getting a good replicated sample of wild critters to test

761
00:45:58,360 --> 00:46:04,200
Speaker 1: on would be different. Minnesota dnr US utilizes the thirty

762
00:46:04,280 --> 00:46:08,080
Speaker 1: day guideline as such. He's where it gets interesting. We

763
00:46:08,280 --> 00:46:12,000
Speaker 1: don't drug animals within a month of the bear season

764
00:46:12,120 --> 00:46:17,000
Speaker 1: opener for research, but if a bear is anesthetized in

765
00:46:17,160 --> 00:46:21,480
Speaker 1: that window by us d A Wildlife Services, it is

766
00:46:21,600 --> 00:46:26,840
Speaker 1: marked with ear tags that say do not eat by

767
00:46:27,000 --> 00:46:30,960
Speaker 1: which is hilarious. Hilarious. It's like finding a bear with

768
00:46:31,000 --> 00:46:36,319
Speaker 1: an expiration date on it half a fingerweight. In they

769
00:46:36,360 --> 00:46:40,320
Speaker 1: have a thirty day rule of not eating tranquilized bears.

770
00:46:40,320 --> 00:46:43,560
Speaker 1: In Arizona, if we do have to drug a bear

771
00:46:43,600 --> 00:46:46,200
Speaker 1: within thirty days of a hunting season, we put ear

772
00:46:46,280 --> 00:46:50,719
Speaker 1: tags on them that that that's say call a z

773
00:46:51,120 --> 00:46:53,239
Speaker 1: g f D, which is the state's Fish and Game

774
00:46:53,280 --> 00:46:57,200
Speaker 1: Department call a z g f D. Do not consume

775
00:46:59,239 --> 00:47:01,560
Speaker 1: Let's say it's hard restend. Three years later, still wearing

776
00:47:01,560 --> 00:47:04,479
Speaker 1: this ear tag, you're calling in, They'll say, go ahead

777
00:47:04,520 --> 00:47:09,080
Speaker 1: and disregard. The drug is metabolized out of their system

778
00:47:09,120 --> 00:47:11,560
Speaker 1: in ten to fourteen days. But agencies like to play

779
00:47:11,560 --> 00:47:15,359
Speaker 1: it safe. That that was my I was like, man,

780
00:47:15,400 --> 00:47:18,760
Speaker 1: I'd eat that bear. But I can completely and totally

781
00:47:18,840 --> 00:47:22,600
Speaker 1: understand why state employee would tell you do not eat

782
00:47:22,640 --> 00:47:25,279
Speaker 1: that bear. Oh yeah, They're never gonna be like, yeah,

783
00:47:25,480 --> 00:47:30,759
Speaker 1: go ahead, thanks for calling in. Of course they're gonna

784
00:47:30,760 --> 00:47:42,359
Speaker 1: be like, uh, no, no answer, no ah. So Jack,

785
00:47:42,440 --> 00:47:46,759
Speaker 1: you were born in Montana according to my parents, Yes,

786
00:47:47,239 --> 00:47:48,960
Speaker 1: how long did you live here? How long did you

787
00:47:48,960 --> 00:47:50,319
Speaker 1: live here before you went away? Because then you came

788
00:47:50,320 --> 00:47:52,840
Speaker 1: back and tried college here. No, I was I was

789
00:47:52,880 --> 00:47:58,000
Speaker 1: born and raised in Shelby. Um. I graduated from high

790
00:47:58,000 --> 00:48:00,120
Speaker 1: school there, and then I went to the universe you

791
00:48:00,160 --> 00:48:06,479
Speaker 1: have Montana and Missoula and flunked out almost immediately and

792
00:48:06,680 --> 00:48:11,720
Speaker 1: uh and then got drafted. Can you can you flunked

793
00:48:11,719 --> 00:48:13,200
Speaker 1: out on what grounds? Like? You know what I mean?

794
00:48:13,239 --> 00:48:19,040
Speaker 1: Like what was going on? Well? Yeah, like like I

795
00:48:19,080 --> 00:48:22,239
Speaker 1: think at the end of my first two semesters, I

796
00:48:22,280 --> 00:48:28,040
Speaker 1: had a zero point zero six great average like that bad?

797
00:48:28,080 --> 00:48:31,319
Speaker 1: That bad? You know, I had all fs and one

798
00:48:31,520 --> 00:48:38,360
Speaker 1: A and swimming I'm serious, yes, and uh yeah, I

799
00:48:38,360 --> 00:48:42,359
Speaker 1: got drafted and and I went to Vietnam and came

800
00:48:42,360 --> 00:48:45,680
Speaker 1: back and I went back to college and flunked out

801
00:48:46,040 --> 00:48:48,840
Speaker 1: six more times. But why would they keep giving you

802
00:48:48,880 --> 00:48:52,080
Speaker 1: more chances to go back? Well, you have to play

803
00:48:52,239 --> 00:48:56,719
Speaker 1: to go to schools. Make a lot of money off

804
00:48:56,719 --> 00:49:01,640
Speaker 1: this guy, they decided, you know, they Yeah, I when

805
00:49:01,680 --> 00:49:04,560
Speaker 1: I was in high school, like, I won three of

806
00:49:04,640 --> 00:49:09,560
Speaker 1: the four science fairs, and my science teacher was, you know,

807
00:49:10,160 --> 00:49:13,799
Speaker 1: I couldn't understand why I was flunking science classes and

808
00:49:13,960 --> 00:49:17,440
Speaker 1: winning science fairs. That is a good question. It was

809
00:49:17,480 --> 00:49:22,160
Speaker 1: a good question. It turns out I'm just severely dyslexic,

810
00:49:23,400 --> 00:49:29,200
Speaker 1: and reading is the hardest thing that I do still. Anyway,

811
00:49:29,640 --> 00:49:31,879
Speaker 1: my father just thought I was just a dumb ship

812
00:49:32,600 --> 00:49:35,400
Speaker 1: And so what does he mean about it? He had

813
00:49:35,440 --> 00:49:39,160
Speaker 1: been a valedictorian of his class, and so, you know,

814
00:49:39,320 --> 00:49:44,080
Speaker 1: he just figured I was lazy. So when you're okay,

815
00:49:44,719 --> 00:49:48,120
Speaker 1: if you're dyslexic, like, what's happening when you try to read?

816
00:49:49,160 --> 00:49:51,600
Speaker 1: You know, it's pretty hard to explain since I don't

817
00:49:51,600 --> 00:49:56,600
Speaker 1: know how what's happening when you're reading. Yeah, it's just

818
00:49:56,800 --> 00:50:00,960
Speaker 1: I think most of it is just allow of of

819
00:50:01,080 --> 00:50:06,719
Speaker 1: the really short term memory. I can't memorize anything, not

820
00:50:06,880 --> 00:50:12,359
Speaker 1: even like four letters or four numbers. And so when

821
00:50:12,400 --> 00:50:15,319
Speaker 1: you can't retain you know, I can, I can sort

822
00:50:15,320 --> 00:50:19,520
Speaker 1: of read along. I read letters rather than words, and

823
00:50:19,560 --> 00:50:21,440
Speaker 1: so it just takes a long time, but then you

824
00:50:21,480 --> 00:50:24,640
Speaker 1: can't retain it. So but if you're if you're listening

825
00:50:24,680 --> 00:50:28,120
Speaker 1: to a book on tape, is that better? It's better,

826
00:50:28,160 --> 00:50:32,040
Speaker 1: but it's still the short term memory thing is still there.

827
00:50:32,080 --> 00:50:36,239
Speaker 1: So you know, my learning, most of the learning that

828
00:50:36,560 --> 00:50:39,840
Speaker 1: I've done is just sort of on the job training,

829
00:50:39,920 --> 00:50:46,040
Speaker 1: right experience. So walk through how you went from not

830
00:50:46,160 --> 00:50:50,520
Speaker 1: being able to keep in school to be in the

831
00:50:50,800 --> 00:50:54,640
Speaker 1: foremost or one of the foremost dinosaur researchers on the planet.

832
00:50:55,760 --> 00:51:00,000
Speaker 1: Like something happen, Well, nothing really happened. I was pretty

833
00:51:00,040 --> 00:51:05,600
Speaker 1: be lucky. Um, the professors that you have m realized that,

834
00:51:05,880 --> 00:51:10,000
Speaker 1: you know, that I had a real strong interest in paleontology.

835
00:51:10,360 --> 00:51:13,480
Speaker 1: Finally they just you know, just let me take classes.

836
00:51:14,880 --> 00:51:17,800
Speaker 1: And at the end of it, I had also learned

837
00:51:17,800 --> 00:51:21,879
Speaker 1: how to prepare fossils, how to clean fossils out of rock,

838
00:51:22,280 --> 00:51:25,200
Speaker 1: and I was pretty good at it. And I went

839
00:51:25,239 --> 00:51:27,640
Speaker 1: to college for seven years, and at the end of it,

840
00:51:28,120 --> 00:51:31,399
Speaker 1: I had taken all the classes that I thought were

841
00:51:31,520 --> 00:51:34,960
Speaker 1: necessary to be a paleontologist. I didn't think i'd ever

842
00:51:35,040 --> 00:51:38,759
Speaker 1: really be one, but I took all the classes, and

843
00:51:38,800 --> 00:51:41,319
Speaker 1: then I just started applying for jobs all over the

844
00:51:41,320 --> 00:51:45,239
Speaker 1: world where where they spoke English, you know, in museums

845
00:51:46,239 --> 00:51:48,839
Speaker 1: and uh. There was a guy that had just come

846
00:51:48,880 --> 00:51:53,799
Speaker 1: to the University of Montana from New Jersey, Rutgers University,

847
00:51:53,880 --> 00:51:55,480
Speaker 1: and he saw some of the stuff I did, and

848
00:51:55,520 --> 00:51:58,399
Speaker 1: so he put a word in for me at at

849
00:51:58,520 --> 00:52:02,000
Speaker 1: Princeton University. And I got a job as a technician

850
00:52:02,200 --> 00:52:06,240
Speaker 1: at Princeton University. So I went there was culture shock,

851
00:52:06,520 --> 00:52:11,160
Speaker 1: as you can imagine, Shelby to New Jersey, and then

852
00:52:11,200 --> 00:52:14,839
Speaker 1: I started working there in nineteen seventy five, and two

853
00:52:14,920 --> 00:52:17,360
Speaker 1: years later I found one of the first dinosaur eggs

854
00:52:18,080 --> 00:52:21,240
Speaker 1: in North America. And then you know, we found baby

855
00:52:21,280 --> 00:52:25,600
Speaker 1: dinosaurs the year later, and I published my first paper

856
00:52:25,719 --> 00:52:29,440
Speaker 1: in Nature magazine, and they, like Nature, didn't this. They

857
00:52:29,440 --> 00:52:31,520
Speaker 1: didn't have a thing that you can't publish in here

858
00:52:31,560 --> 00:52:33,760
Speaker 1: if you don't have a doctorate, and you can't publish

859
00:52:33,760 --> 00:52:35,799
Speaker 1: in here if you don't have a degree. They just,

860
00:52:36,000 --> 00:52:38,759
Speaker 1: you know, they're just looking for good data. But but

861
00:52:38,840 --> 00:52:40,920
Speaker 1: how did you know to make your how did you

862
00:52:40,960 --> 00:52:44,240
Speaker 1: know to make your findings conform to what it takes

863
00:52:44,280 --> 00:52:47,359
Speaker 1: to have like a to be in a peer review journal. Well,

864
00:52:47,480 --> 00:52:51,760
Speaker 1: I my boss at Princeton University, the curator there, helped

865
00:52:51,760 --> 00:52:55,120
Speaker 1: me out. Helped you write it up. He didn't help

866
00:52:55,200 --> 00:52:56,880
Speaker 1: me write it. He just sort of he gave me

867
00:52:56,920 --> 00:53:00,160
Speaker 1: a lot of pointers. And I had learned a lot

868
00:53:00,200 --> 00:53:02,280
Speaker 1: of things when I was at the University of Montana.

869
00:53:02,800 --> 00:53:05,560
Speaker 1: My professors there had taught me a lot about how

870
00:53:05,600 --> 00:53:09,160
Speaker 1: to write a paper, too. So yeah, so what was

871
00:53:09,200 --> 00:53:14,759
Speaker 1: that paper? It was the family structure of Dinosaurs. And

872
00:53:15,040 --> 00:53:18,480
Speaker 1: I realized early on that if I studied something that

873
00:53:18,520 --> 00:53:21,800
Speaker 1: no one else had ever studied, I didn't have to

874
00:53:21,840 --> 00:53:27,680
Speaker 1: read very much. So no one had found baby dinosaurs

875
00:53:27,719 --> 00:53:30,000
Speaker 1: before that, and no one had even gone looking for

876
00:53:30,080 --> 00:53:32,279
Speaker 1: them because they at that time didn't even think they

877
00:53:32,320 --> 00:53:36,200
Speaker 1: could find them. And so dinosaur behavior was sort of

878
00:53:36,280 --> 00:53:40,839
Speaker 1: something that I was interested in doing. And and then fortunately,

879
00:53:41,480 --> 00:53:45,920
Speaker 1: through a whole bunch of weird circumstances, found baby dinosaurs

880
00:53:45,960 --> 00:53:49,600
Speaker 1: and and it basically launched my career. And you didn't

881
00:53:49,640 --> 00:53:51,480
Speaker 1: have to go read everybody else and stuff. We have

882
00:53:51,560 --> 00:53:55,160
Speaker 1: to read anything. How did you find the dinosaurs? Like?

883
00:53:55,200 --> 00:53:58,600
Speaker 1: What were you looking for? Something specific, a different like

884
00:53:58,840 --> 00:54:02,960
Speaker 1: a type of soil or no. Um, it's sort of

885
00:54:02,960 --> 00:54:07,520
Speaker 1: a history to it. Um. There were two paleontology groups.

886
00:54:07,520 --> 00:54:10,479
Speaker 1: There was a group from the Smithsonian and a group

887
00:54:10,480 --> 00:54:14,200
Speaker 1: from the American Museum in New York that back in

888
00:54:14,280 --> 00:54:18,920
Speaker 1: the early nineteen hundreds had found some dinosaurs in Montana

889
00:54:19,239 --> 00:54:23,600
Speaker 1: and very close to Shelby where I grew up. In fact,

890
00:54:23,880 --> 00:54:25,959
Speaker 1: some of them were found where I found my first

891
00:54:25,960 --> 00:54:29,719
Speaker 1: dinosaur bones as a kid. And a lot of the

892
00:54:29,760 --> 00:54:33,719
Speaker 1: dinosaurs that they found they named new species, but they

893
00:54:33,719 --> 00:54:37,200
Speaker 1: were little. And in nineteen seventy five, the year that

894
00:54:37,239 --> 00:54:41,360
Speaker 1: I got a job at Princeton, paper came out showing

895
00:54:41,480 --> 00:54:46,839
Speaker 1: that those were juvenile dinosaurs. It showed that juvenile dinosaurs

896
00:54:47,000 --> 00:54:51,759
Speaker 1: looked different than adult dinosaurs, even though they looked really different. Um,

897
00:54:52,360 --> 00:54:55,799
Speaker 1: even though the juveniles were pretty big, I mean, they

898
00:54:55,800 --> 00:54:59,600
Speaker 1: weren't babies, they were they were pretty big. And it's

899
00:54:59,680 --> 00:55:01,560
Speaker 1: kind of you know, it's like a deer, right, I mean,

900
00:55:01,600 --> 00:55:05,120
Speaker 1: a young buck looks different than an older buck, right,

901
00:55:05,160 --> 00:55:09,239
Speaker 1: they get up, their antlers continue to get begger each year.

902
00:55:09,520 --> 00:55:13,080
Speaker 1: And so with dinosaurs, the same sort of thing that

903
00:55:13,200 --> 00:55:16,279
Speaker 1: juveniles look different than the adults, and you know, they

904
00:55:16,280 --> 00:55:20,240
Speaker 1: can be pretty big, so they're retaining their juvenile characteristics.

905
00:55:21,320 --> 00:55:24,439
Speaker 1: And this person published this paper, but then nobody paid

906
00:55:24,440 --> 00:55:28,560
Speaker 1: any attention. I mean they did pay attention, but every

907
00:55:28,560 --> 00:55:31,360
Speaker 1: time somebody would find a new dinosaur that looked different,

908
00:55:31,360 --> 00:55:34,560
Speaker 1: they had still name it something different, not realizing it

909
00:55:34,600 --> 00:55:38,600
Speaker 1: could be just a juvenile of something else. And that

910
00:55:38,719 --> 00:55:42,080
Speaker 1: was where I started realizing that, you know, that's what

911
00:55:42,160 --> 00:55:45,200
Speaker 1: they're probably doing. And so I was out looking in

912
00:55:45,239 --> 00:55:50,000
Speaker 1: that same area and didn't find what I was looking for.

913
00:55:50,600 --> 00:55:53,560
Speaker 1: But one day a friend of mine said, there's a

914
00:55:53,640 --> 00:55:57,320
Speaker 1: lady in buying the Montana that has some dinosaurs. She

915
00:55:57,440 --> 00:56:00,360
Speaker 1: found a dinosaur and she wanted to identified. And I

916
00:56:00,520 --> 00:56:03,080
Speaker 1: was really close to where I had found my first dinosaurs,

917
00:56:03,160 --> 00:56:06,319
Speaker 1: and so I said, you know, i'll go identify it

918
00:56:06,360 --> 00:56:09,680
Speaker 1: for her, and I did, and as I was leaving

919
00:56:09,719 --> 00:56:11,680
Speaker 1: her rock shop, she said, oh, by the way, do

920
00:56:11,680 --> 00:56:14,640
Speaker 1: you have any idea what these little things are? And

921
00:56:14,840 --> 00:56:19,680
Speaker 1: in her hand were the first baby dinosaurs. From North

922
00:56:19,680 --> 00:56:24,000
Speaker 1: America and eggs are hatched. No, they were just tiny

923
00:56:24,040 --> 00:56:29,080
Speaker 1: little fragments of skeleton. And I said, you know, I

924
00:56:29,120 --> 00:56:33,160
Speaker 1: was almost fell over. And did she just find them

925
00:56:33,200 --> 00:56:35,280
Speaker 1: like on her on her property or so? She found

926
00:56:35,320 --> 00:56:39,560
Speaker 1: him on a ranch near Choto and and I said, yes,

927
00:56:39,640 --> 00:56:43,399
Speaker 1: I know what those are. They're really important. She gave

928
00:56:43,440 --> 00:56:47,719
Speaker 1: them to me. I later talked to the landowners and

929
00:56:47,760 --> 00:56:50,680
Speaker 1: got permission to go back out there and excavate. My

930
00:56:50,760 --> 00:56:54,240
Speaker 1: friend Bob and I, who was a high school science teacher.

931
00:56:54,320 --> 00:56:56,400
Speaker 1: He and I went out excavated this thing and it

932
00:56:56,440 --> 00:56:59,839
Speaker 1: turned out to be a nest full of baby dinosaurs

933
00:57:00,680 --> 00:57:04,520
Speaker 1: and they were the first baby dinosaurs in the world.

934
00:57:04,800 --> 00:57:08,000
Speaker 1: How many were in the nest? Like they were hanging

935
00:57:08,000 --> 00:57:10,719
Speaker 1: out on the nest hatched and they were Yeah, they

936
00:57:10,719 --> 00:57:15,000
Speaker 1: were three ft long and as an adult the adults

937
00:57:15,000 --> 00:57:18,200
Speaker 1: are thirty five ft long. So a little nest of

938
00:57:18,360 --> 00:57:22,240
Speaker 1: fifteen three ft long dinosaurs hanging out in the nest together. Ye.

939
00:57:22,520 --> 00:57:24,760
Speaker 1: What happened to them? How did you get killed? Well,

940
00:57:24,840 --> 00:57:29,200
Speaker 1: they were probably abandoned by the parents because they couldn't

941
00:57:29,200 --> 00:57:32,920
Speaker 1: walk on their own, so just like baby birds, so

942
00:57:32,960 --> 00:57:36,320
Speaker 1: they weren't like engulfed in ash or something. No, they're

943
00:57:36,360 --> 00:57:41,200
Speaker 1: they probably were just abandoned. Could you tell, like what

944
00:57:41,240 --> 00:57:43,120
Speaker 1: the nest was made out of, Like, was that kind

945
00:57:43,120 --> 00:57:47,080
Speaker 1: of a sediment? Oh? Really, they pile made a pile

946
00:57:47,200 --> 00:57:50,360
Speaker 1: of dirt or something that carved it out. What was

947
00:57:50,400 --> 00:57:57,320
Speaker 1: the circumference of the nest about six ft that's pretty tight. Yeah,

948
00:57:57,960 --> 00:58:04,320
Speaker 1: it was really cool. And was that the miasaur? I

949
00:58:04,320 --> 00:58:07,080
Speaker 1: gotta ask you one of my hot dinosaur questions. Just

950
00:58:07,120 --> 00:58:08,840
Speaker 1: has a lot to do with your research. Alright, I

951
00:58:08,880 --> 00:58:09,960
Speaker 1: got a cult to have a lot to do with

952
00:58:10,000 --> 00:58:17,960
Speaker 1: your research nowadays, I'm gonna I'm gonna nowadays, anytime someone

953
00:58:18,000 --> 00:58:21,400
Speaker 1: that I hang out with is looking at a chicken

954
00:58:22,120 --> 00:58:25,760
Speaker 1: or looking at a turkey, they go like, a you

955
00:58:25,800 --> 00:58:28,560
Speaker 1: can't pull the wool over my eyes. I got his number.

956
00:58:28,920 --> 00:58:32,680
Speaker 1: That's a dinosaur, right, Yeah. Why don't they say that

957
00:58:32,720 --> 00:58:36,480
Speaker 1: when they're looking at chickenees? Well they should, but why

958
00:58:36,480 --> 00:58:39,840
Speaker 1: does everybody just do it for turkeys and chickens? I

959
00:58:41,240 --> 00:58:43,160
Speaker 1: don't know. That's a that's a good question, but it

960
00:58:43,280 --> 00:58:46,360
Speaker 1: might have something to do with, you know, the fact

961
00:58:46,360 --> 00:58:50,720
Speaker 1: that I keep saying chickens are dinomas. I know, I

962
00:58:50,720 --> 00:58:54,560
Speaker 1: feel like you created the problem. I probably dead you know, well,

963
00:58:54,560 --> 00:58:58,600
Speaker 1: I could see, like I'll start talking about chicken eases.

964
00:58:58,800 --> 00:59:01,160
Speaker 1: You see a turkey or chicken like with the longer

965
00:59:01,240 --> 00:59:03,400
Speaker 1: neck and just the way they run around looks more

966
00:59:03,400 --> 00:59:05,160
Speaker 1: like a dinosaur than a chicken. Ee. But it's just

967
00:59:05,160 --> 00:59:07,120
Speaker 1: starting to get it's starting to annoy me. I know

968
00:59:07,160 --> 00:59:11,280
Speaker 1: what you mean, because I don't know why isn't any

969
00:59:11,320 --> 00:59:14,120
Speaker 1: bird chicken an eagle? Yea, you know they all are

970
00:59:14,160 --> 00:59:19,440
Speaker 1: all all birds have a common ancestor, and so you know,

971
00:59:20,240 --> 00:59:25,240
Speaker 1: they're all equally a dinosaur. And this is like, this

972
00:59:25,280 --> 00:59:26,920
Speaker 1: is pretty bad. This is pretty one on one stuff.

973
00:59:27,160 --> 00:59:28,480
Speaker 1: You can do that as a launch pad to talk

974
00:59:28,520 --> 00:59:33,600
Speaker 1: about this whole thing is they did, Like the idea

975
00:59:33,880 --> 00:59:38,560
Speaker 1: that dinosaurs went extinct is sort of like most of

976
00:59:38,600 --> 00:59:43,320
Speaker 1: them all. Basically all of the dinosaurs that we think

977
00:59:43,320 --> 00:59:48,520
Speaker 1: of as dinosaurs went extinct. The dinosaurs that gave rise

978
00:59:48,560 --> 00:59:52,320
Speaker 1: to birds were a little they were like a little

979
00:59:52,400 --> 00:59:58,320
Speaker 1: velociraptor thing. I mean, they're and you know they're called solurosaurs.

980
00:59:58,840 --> 01:00:03,640
Speaker 1: We don't even you know, it's just one tiny branch

981
01:00:04,000 --> 01:00:07,440
Speaker 1: of dinosauria. Is it a genus or a family or

982
01:00:07,480 --> 01:00:11,640
Speaker 1: there was a it was a family, but but but

983
01:00:11,800 --> 01:00:16,520
Speaker 1: the you know, the branch that led to birds, you know,

984
01:00:17,360 --> 01:00:20,480
Speaker 1: branched off during the Jurassic Period. I mean it was

985
01:00:20,840 --> 01:00:23,920
Speaker 1: so birds and dinosaurs, birds and extinct the ones that

986
01:00:23,960 --> 01:00:29,360
Speaker 1: would go extinct lived together and so and and they

987
01:00:29,360 --> 01:00:37,840
Speaker 1: were relatively small bipedal meat eaters. Um, they gave rise

988
01:00:37,840 --> 01:00:41,800
Speaker 1: to birds. And so, yeah, walk through the steps and

989
01:00:41,960 --> 01:00:45,360
Speaker 1: figure and figuring that out, Like what were the clues

990
01:00:45,400 --> 01:00:49,320
Speaker 1: along the way that let someone be like that must

991
01:00:49,440 --> 01:00:51,439
Speaker 1: was just because there was an absence of an other

992
01:00:51,520 --> 01:00:54,800
Speaker 1: explanation or they're like little concrete things that would happen. Well,

993
01:00:54,840 --> 01:01:00,280
Speaker 1: you know, to determine be you know, to determine related us,

994
01:01:00,760 --> 01:01:04,440
Speaker 1: we look at similarities, right, you can't look so for

995
01:01:04,480 --> 01:01:07,640
Speaker 1: a long time, people you know, looked at dinosaurs and

996
01:01:07,680 --> 01:01:09,960
Speaker 1: they looked at birds and they said, you know, they

997
01:01:10,880 --> 01:01:13,160
Speaker 1: a lot of people thought they couldn't be related because

998
01:01:13,160 --> 01:01:15,760
Speaker 1: there's so many differences between them, right, you know, I

999
01:01:15,800 --> 01:01:19,280
Speaker 1: mean they just don't look at all alike. Right, A

1000
01:01:19,480 --> 01:01:23,840
Speaker 1: robin and a Tyrannosaurus, or a robin and a Stegasaurus

1001
01:01:23,960 --> 01:01:28,400
Speaker 1: just have so many differences between them that nobody thought

1002
01:01:28,440 --> 01:01:34,240
Speaker 1: about the fact that you know that we determine relatedness

1003
01:01:34,280 --> 01:01:39,360
Speaker 1: by similarities and differences don't matter at all. Right, if

1004
01:01:39,360 --> 01:01:41,760
Speaker 1: you're going to determine whether you're related to your brother

1005
01:01:41,880 --> 01:01:43,880
Speaker 1: or your sister, you can't do it by looking at

1006
01:01:43,880 --> 01:01:46,920
Speaker 1: the differences between you. You only do it by looking

1007
01:01:46,920 --> 01:01:50,880
Speaker 1: at the similarities. And so when people started actually looking

1008
01:01:50,960 --> 01:01:56,000
Speaker 1: for similarities, they found that that extinct dinosaurs have more

1009
01:01:56,160 --> 01:02:00,880
Speaker 1: similarities with birds then they have with any other group

1010
01:02:00,880 --> 01:02:04,520
Speaker 1: of animals. And so you hit me with a couple

1011
01:02:04,600 --> 01:02:09,680
Speaker 1: of the similarities. Feathers, hollow bones, hard shelled eggs. Um.

1012
01:02:09,800 --> 01:02:13,880
Speaker 1: I mean, you just just lots and lots of characters.

1013
01:02:14,040 --> 01:02:16,960
Speaker 1: Wasn't there a big like aha moment with the lungs

1014
01:02:17,000 --> 01:02:19,400
Speaker 1: of dinosaurs and how they're similar, like they're more similar

1015
01:02:19,400 --> 01:02:23,040
Speaker 1: to birds than they are to like crocodiles. Well that's

1016
01:02:23,040 --> 01:02:25,960
Speaker 1: but that's a hypothesis. We don't really have the lungs

1017
01:02:26,000 --> 01:02:30,919
Speaker 1: of dinosaurs. So so we we do know that that

1018
01:02:31,080 --> 01:02:34,480
Speaker 1: a lot of dinosaurs, like long necked dinosaurs, the sauropods

1019
01:02:34,520 --> 01:02:38,120
Speaker 1: and the mediating dinosaurs, have a lot of hollow spaces

1020
01:02:38,120 --> 01:02:42,360
Speaker 1: in their bones, and that's similar to birds because birds,

1021
01:02:43,240 --> 01:02:48,720
Speaker 1: you know, birds actually breathe through their lungs into these

1022
01:02:48,760 --> 01:02:53,120
Speaker 1: air sacks that are in their skeleton much more efficient

1023
01:02:53,160 --> 01:02:55,960
Speaker 1: than mammals they do. That they have is in an

1024
01:02:56,000 --> 01:03:00,360
Speaker 1: immediate sense, huh, Like, I mean when he the bird

1025
01:03:00,400 --> 01:03:04,000
Speaker 1: takes a breath, that breath is immediately moving into hollows

1026
01:03:04,000 --> 01:03:07,600
Speaker 1: in their bones. It goes right through their lungs into

1027
01:03:07,960 --> 01:03:12,120
Speaker 1: into air air sacks, and then the air in the

1028
01:03:12,120 --> 01:03:16,200
Speaker 1: air sacks comes back out. Basically the way birds breathe,

1029
01:03:16,200 --> 01:03:19,720
Speaker 1: they have fresh air in their lungs, whether they're breathing

1030
01:03:19,720 --> 01:03:25,320
Speaker 1: in or breathing out, it is really efficient. We breathe

1031
01:03:25,360 --> 01:03:29,760
Speaker 1: in and you know, in our into our lungs, and

1032
01:03:29,840 --> 01:03:32,240
Speaker 1: we've got dead air space from our lungs to our

1033
01:03:32,240 --> 01:03:35,560
Speaker 1: nose right and then we just breathe it back out again.

1034
01:03:35,640 --> 01:03:39,680
Speaker 1: But birds, I say, whether they're breathing in or breathing out,

1035
01:03:40,240 --> 01:03:44,640
Speaker 1: there's this this sort of double passage way that that

1036
01:03:44,760 --> 01:03:49,560
Speaker 1: allows fresh air to always be in their lungs very efficient.

1037
01:03:52,120 --> 01:03:54,280
Speaker 1: And there's a hypothesis that the dinosaur has had that

1038
01:03:54,400 --> 01:04:00,920
Speaker 1: characteristic at least at least the sarris ski and dinosaurs,

1039
01:04:00,960 --> 01:04:04,960
Speaker 1: which include all the meat eaters and all of the sauropods,

1040
01:04:05,000 --> 01:04:10,520
Speaker 1: the long neck dinosaurs, the others um try Sarah to

1041
01:04:10,800 --> 01:04:13,880
Speaker 1: this horn dinosaurs and the duckbill dinosaurs they don't have

1042
01:04:14,040 --> 01:04:19,040
Speaker 1: they don't seem to have those characteristics, but had something similar.

1043
01:04:20,000 --> 01:04:28,880
Speaker 1: The similarity like thought processes, is really amazing to grasp because, uh,

1044
01:04:29,080 --> 01:04:32,960
Speaker 1: just like one example, like sandhill cranes, right, the sandhill

1045
01:04:33,000 --> 01:04:35,880
Speaker 1: crane that we have flying around today, that we're starting

1046
01:04:35,880 --> 01:04:38,000
Speaker 1: to be able to hunt again, and in a lot

1047
01:04:38,000 --> 01:04:43,240
Speaker 1: of these states, um in very very very very very

1048
01:04:43,280 --> 01:04:45,760
Speaker 1: similar to the degree of it is the same bird

1049
01:04:45,960 --> 01:04:49,200
Speaker 1: as the ones that's in the fossil record going back

1050
01:04:49,200 --> 01:04:52,520
Speaker 1: two and a half million years ago. Uh. And then

1051
01:04:52,520 --> 01:04:57,200
Speaker 1: there's this community that says, but that fossil is so

1052
01:04:57,320 --> 01:05:03,040
Speaker 1: similar to this fossil from seventeen million years ago? Is

1053
01:05:03,080 --> 01:05:06,200
Speaker 1: it all just one bird? Well, it's not all just

1054
01:05:06,280 --> 01:05:10,400
Speaker 1: one bird. I mean, you know, evolution is an accumulation

1055
01:05:10,520 --> 01:05:14,920
Speaker 1: of of characteristics over time, and so it depends on

1056
01:05:14,960 --> 01:05:19,280
Speaker 1: where you start comparing. All Right, We'll take individual A, right,

1057
01:05:20,080 --> 01:05:25,160
Speaker 1: and and it's offspring is different than it is, and

1058
01:05:25,160 --> 01:05:29,360
Speaker 1: and then it's offspring is more different, right, And you

1059
01:05:29,480 --> 01:05:35,160
Speaker 1: just keep looking every generation after generation after generation comparing

1060
01:05:35,240 --> 01:05:39,600
Speaker 1: back to the first one. Right, the difference gets greater

1061
01:05:39,680 --> 01:05:42,240
Speaker 1: and greater and greater and greater. So at what point

1062
01:05:42,240 --> 01:05:46,000
Speaker 1: do you define a similarity. And so that's why you

1063
01:05:46,040 --> 01:05:50,720
Speaker 1: know it's it's you can't pin down where a specie.

1064
01:05:51,480 --> 01:05:55,440
Speaker 1: The greatest change that ever occurs in evolution is the

1065
01:05:55,480 --> 01:05:59,720
Speaker 1: difference between your parents and you and you. You know,

1066
01:06:00,040 --> 01:06:04,360
Speaker 1: that's the biggest change that ever happens in evolution. There's

1067
01:06:04,440 --> 01:06:07,760
Speaker 1: never a point when something just pops up in one

1068
01:06:07,840 --> 01:06:13,320
Speaker 1: day is completely different. So so it is just an

1069
01:06:13,360 --> 01:06:17,880
Speaker 1: accumulation of characteristics over long periods of time. So so

1070
01:06:18,280 --> 01:06:23,440
Speaker 1: you know, two million years it's possible that that the

1071
01:06:23,480 --> 01:06:30,120
Speaker 1: sandhill crane of today theoretically could mate with with a

1072
01:06:30,280 --> 01:06:33,600
Speaker 1: sandhill crane from two and a half million years ago.

1073
01:06:33,720 --> 01:06:43,040
Speaker 1: That's theoretically possible, but but the characteristics would be very

1074
01:06:43,080 --> 01:06:47,040
Speaker 1: different because the ecosystem has changed so much. This is

1075
01:06:47,040 --> 01:06:49,160
Speaker 1: the thing that I find confuses people all the time,

1076
01:06:49,280 --> 01:06:51,000
Speaker 1: regardless what they're talking about. Like I was having a

1077
01:06:51,000 --> 01:06:54,520
Speaker 1: conversation there day with Clay Nucom about he's doing a

1078
01:06:54,560 --> 01:06:58,760
Speaker 1: series on the fulsome site where they had where ice

1079
01:06:58,800 --> 01:07:02,280
Speaker 1: age hunters killed an animal called bison antiquois and Clay

1080
01:07:02,280 --> 01:07:06,160
Speaker 1: as Clay was saying it's an extinct bison species, Like

1081
01:07:06,520 --> 01:07:09,400
Speaker 1: it's not an extinct bison species is if you went

1082
01:07:09,480 --> 01:07:15,120
Speaker 1: back twelve thousand years, that's what they looked like. It's

1083
01:07:15,120 --> 01:07:17,320
Speaker 1: it's our it's the one we have now. It's just

1084
01:07:17,360 --> 01:07:20,720
Speaker 1: they look different. There were twenty percent bigger, their horns,

1085
01:07:20,920 --> 01:07:23,480
Speaker 1: their horns sweept in a different their horns sweept in

1086
01:07:23,520 --> 01:07:26,080
Speaker 1: a different direction. But it wasn't like they all ceased

1087
01:07:26,120 --> 01:07:28,680
Speaker 1: to exist. And then all of a sudden the kind

1088
01:07:28,720 --> 01:07:32,720
Speaker 1: we know today sprang from like Zeus's brow, right, you know,

1089
01:07:32,840 --> 01:07:36,080
Speaker 1: like it's it is just a it's a continuum. But

1090
01:07:36,200 --> 01:07:37,960
Speaker 1: how do you how do you decide where to like,

1091
01:07:38,040 --> 01:07:40,840
Speaker 1: how do people decide where to go? Like that ended,

1092
01:07:40,960 --> 01:07:43,960
Speaker 1: and this began we we we don't do that. You

1093
01:07:43,960 --> 01:07:53,360
Speaker 1: guys quit doing that. We got together over a guy

1094
01:07:53,720 --> 01:07:58,160
Speaker 1: in fifty nine published a book in the Origin of Species.

1095
01:07:59,400 --> 01:08:02,000
Speaker 1: That's that's that's when they stopped doing that. Pretty good

1096
01:08:02,040 --> 01:08:05,360
Speaker 1: circulation on that, So that was when they, I mean

1097
01:08:05,360 --> 01:08:10,840
Speaker 1: it basically before that, you know, before Darwin published that book,

1098
01:08:10,920 --> 01:08:13,000
Speaker 1: I mean, most people just you know, it was sort

1099
01:08:13,040 --> 01:08:16,160
Speaker 1: of the Lenaan way of thinking that that fish and

1100
01:08:16,200 --> 01:08:19,919
Speaker 1: amphibians and reptiles and birds and mammals were completely different

1101
01:08:20,600 --> 01:08:24,680
Speaker 1: from each other. And you could easily identify them and

1102
01:08:24,680 --> 01:08:27,760
Speaker 1: and they'd all been put on earth on one day, right,

1103
01:08:28,200 --> 01:08:33,160
Speaker 1: and so and so what Darwin did, but we showed

1104
01:08:33,200 --> 01:08:38,960
Speaker 1: that they actually were related, and they're related through their

1105
01:08:39,040 --> 01:08:43,519
Speaker 1: you know, going back generations and generations and and not

1106
01:08:43,680 --> 01:08:47,920
Speaker 1: talking about five generations but thousands of generations, right, and

1107
01:08:47,960 --> 01:08:52,040
Speaker 1: so you can just you can start linking them together

1108
01:08:52,080 --> 01:08:54,280
Speaker 1: and we can do it. You know, now we can

1109
01:08:54,439 --> 01:09:00,720
Speaker 1: determine relatedness with d n A. Right, and from a

1110
01:09:00,800 --> 01:09:08,439
Speaker 1: working sense, the your example of could this breed with that?

1111
01:09:09,320 --> 01:09:13,960
Speaker 1: Is that a pretty good like working man's definition of Unfortunately,

1112
01:09:14,000 --> 01:09:18,800
Speaker 1: that is the species definition. The biologic species definition is

1113
01:09:18,920 --> 01:09:23,519
Speaker 1: two animals that can mate and have viable offspring. There

1114
01:09:24,800 --> 01:09:27,840
Speaker 1: because you can't do fossils. Yeah, mule deer and white

1115
01:09:27,840 --> 01:09:31,040
Speaker 1: tails can breed, but they don't have a viable exactly, right,

1116
01:09:31,880 --> 01:09:34,320
Speaker 1: And you know the same goes for lions and tigers

1117
01:09:34,360 --> 01:09:40,680
Speaker 1: and and and you know horses and donkeys. Well, yeah, exactly,

1118
01:09:44,960 --> 01:09:47,559
Speaker 1: but it depends on it depends on. It depends on

1119
01:09:47,680 --> 01:09:50,120
Speaker 1: what the male is and what the female is. Because

1120
01:09:51,120 --> 01:09:53,280
Speaker 1: if you do it opposite of making a mule, you

1121
01:09:53,280 --> 01:09:59,040
Speaker 1: get a hymie, oh animal called a heinie so and

1122
01:09:59,080 --> 01:10:02,920
Speaker 1: it's like a like or a liger and a and

1123
01:10:03,240 --> 01:10:06,640
Speaker 1: uh lie gone or whatever they call them. You know,

1124
01:10:06,640 --> 01:10:10,479
Speaker 1: it depends on who the father is and who the mother,

1125
01:10:10,640 --> 01:10:16,519
Speaker 1: which which species the or which organism. That's the origin

1126
01:10:16,600 --> 01:10:19,680
Speaker 1: of the word heinie. I feel like I've heard that

1127
01:10:19,720 --> 01:10:22,000
Speaker 1: when I was a kid, like my grandmother or something

1128
01:10:22,320 --> 01:10:28,360
Speaker 1: like you know or something like that. Yeah, yeah, there

1129
01:10:28,360 --> 01:10:31,080
Speaker 1: we go. Let me let me hear, let me hear

1130
01:10:31,160 --> 01:10:37,280
Speaker 1: the population demographics question. What Okay, let's say you were

1131
01:10:39,040 --> 01:10:42,439
Speaker 1: you were back in time. Okay, I'm always back in time.

1132
01:10:42,520 --> 01:10:45,000
Speaker 1: You're back in time, and you're gonna go out and

1133
01:10:45,360 --> 01:10:50,600
Speaker 1: hunt for a transporse rex Okay, well I can. I

1134
01:10:50,640 --> 01:10:54,000
Speaker 1: can tell you right from the get go it's not

1135
01:10:54,120 --> 01:10:59,360
Speaker 1: as difficult as Karin's story about hunting this deer. I mean,

1136
01:10:59,400 --> 01:11:05,200
Speaker 1: the story is diff You block off ten days, okay,

1137
01:11:06,160 --> 01:11:08,720
Speaker 1: you go to I don't know, you go to the

1138
01:11:08,720 --> 01:11:12,519
Speaker 1: shore of the Great Inland Sea. Okay, you block off

1139
01:11:12,520 --> 01:11:16,599
Speaker 1: at ten day, hunt at the height of t rex nous.

1140
01:11:19,000 --> 01:11:22,679
Speaker 1: You find a good trail, you find a good overlook,

1141
01:11:22,720 --> 01:11:25,479
Speaker 1: You find a good overlook where you're commanding. You can

1142
01:11:25,520 --> 01:11:35,000
Speaker 1: see your your your glass, and three miles out okay,

1143
01:11:35,520 --> 01:11:38,759
Speaker 1: and you just work this glass and nob how many

1144
01:11:38,840 --> 01:11:44,360
Speaker 1: do you see? And it's it's media. It's a media.

1145
01:11:44,439 --> 01:11:48,519
Speaker 1: Turns out it's a mediocre trip over a ten day period,

1146
01:11:48,640 --> 01:11:51,160
Speaker 1: ten days, a hard glass and the edge of the

1147
01:11:51,200 --> 01:11:54,880
Speaker 1: Great Inland Sea. How many t rexes do I pick

1148
01:11:54,920 --> 01:12:01,320
Speaker 1: off with my binoculars? Quite a few, you think, so, yeah,

1149
01:12:01,479 --> 01:12:06,479
Speaker 1: I I'm I would hypothesize that the number of t

1150
01:12:06,640 --> 01:12:14,160
Speaker 1: rex is on the coastal plane at the height of

1151
01:12:14,160 --> 01:12:19,639
Speaker 1: of the Cretaceous, the latest Cretaceous would have been similar

1152
01:12:19,760 --> 01:12:30,120
Speaker 1: to hyenas on yes on on the Serengetti I would

1153
01:12:30,240 --> 01:12:33,880
Speaker 1: have been so. I mean that that would that would

1154
01:12:33,880 --> 01:12:38,320
Speaker 1: mean that the food for t rex would have to

1155
01:12:38,360 --> 01:12:41,479
Speaker 1: be well, let's we're gonna we might have I might

1156
01:12:41,520 --> 01:12:43,559
Speaker 1: have to give you a little bit of a lesson

1157
01:12:43,600 --> 01:12:48,040
Speaker 1: in t rex. That is really controversial. That's one of

1158
01:12:48,040 --> 01:12:56,519
Speaker 1: the reasons controversy. E mail from sixth graders. It was

1159
01:12:56,600 --> 01:12:59,160
Speaker 1: like it was like a bald eagle. It was no,

1160
01:12:59,240 --> 01:13:02,000
Speaker 1: it was like a high na. So they you know

1161
01:13:02,080 --> 01:13:04,799
Speaker 1: high Enda's hunt. I mean, they all take down sick animal.

1162
01:13:04,840 --> 01:13:08,760
Speaker 1: They just take what's easy, right, I mean they're opportunists,

1163
01:13:09,120 --> 01:13:11,200
Speaker 1: and that's what we think That's what I think t

1164
01:13:11,400 --> 01:13:15,799
Speaker 1: Rex was was an opportunist because it has bone crushing teeth,

1165
01:13:15,960 --> 01:13:18,840
Speaker 1: and it had to evolve. It had to select for

1166
01:13:19,000 --> 01:13:24,720
Speaker 1: having bone crushing teeth, which means that that it's that

1167
01:13:24,840 --> 01:13:31,240
Speaker 1: its ancestors had meat slicing teeth, right, and and its

1168
01:13:31,320 --> 01:13:35,200
Speaker 1: ancestors could run faster than t rex could, and it

1169
01:13:35,320 --> 01:13:40,120
Speaker 1: had its ancestors had longer grasping arms, and so t

1170
01:13:40,320 --> 01:13:47,800
Speaker 1: rex selected for having bone crushing teeth, having a if

1171
01:13:47,840 --> 01:13:51,840
Speaker 1: you compare your femur to your tibia, you'll notice. I mean,

1172
01:13:51,880 --> 01:13:56,160
Speaker 1: just think about us. We are half legs, right, and

1173
01:13:56,240 --> 01:14:00,880
Speaker 1: and yet we can't outrun anything our size. We are

1174
01:14:01,000 --> 01:14:06,080
Speaker 1: adapted for long distance walking. We can probably outwalk a deer.

1175
01:14:07,080 --> 01:14:10,479
Speaker 1: But and a t rex is the same thing. I mean,

1176
01:14:10,520 --> 01:14:14,000
Speaker 1: it's got the same proportion. It's not a runner, and

1177
01:14:14,200 --> 01:14:16,559
Speaker 1: a bipedal animal that is a runner has a short

1178
01:14:16,640 --> 01:14:20,880
Speaker 1: femur and a long tibia like a chicken or or

1179
01:14:20,920 --> 01:14:23,080
Speaker 1: any of the birds you want to pick out. I mean,

1180
01:14:23,080 --> 01:14:27,120
Speaker 1: they can they run fast because of that proportion. And

1181
01:14:27,160 --> 01:14:31,160
Speaker 1: so t rex has selected for, you know, being able

1182
01:14:31,200 --> 01:14:36,880
Speaker 1: to walk long distances. It has bone crushing teeth. It's

1183
01:14:37,240 --> 01:14:44,360
Speaker 1: losing its arms. And it's got this enormous old factory lobe.

1184
01:14:44,960 --> 01:14:48,439
Speaker 1: And and if you take, if you cat scan like

1185
01:14:48,560 --> 01:14:53,600
Speaker 1: a like a bloodhound, the nose of a bloodhound, it

1186
01:14:53,720 --> 01:14:57,320
Speaker 1: has relatively small old factory lobes, but it has this

1187
01:14:57,479 --> 01:15:02,400
Speaker 1: huge bunch of old factory septa in its big nose,

1188
01:15:02,880 --> 01:15:06,719
Speaker 1: and it can you know, can come in tomorrow and

1189
01:15:06,720 --> 01:15:09,920
Speaker 1: and determine whether all of us were in this room, right,

1190
01:15:09,960 --> 01:15:12,640
Speaker 1: I mean, that's how good to know it. But it

1191
01:15:12,720 --> 01:15:18,599
Speaker 1: can't smell things at long distances, whereas a turkey vulture,

1192
01:15:18,960 --> 01:15:21,559
Speaker 1: if you cat scan it, it has huge old factory

1193
01:15:21,600 --> 01:15:25,679
Speaker 1: lobes and relatively small old factory septa, and it can

1194
01:15:25,720 --> 01:15:30,439
Speaker 1: smell carcass, and it can smell something twenty five miles away.

1195
01:15:30,560 --> 01:15:32,920
Speaker 1: So does that mean as good as smelling like it's

1196
01:15:32,920 --> 01:15:36,519
Speaker 1: good at smelling a thing very far away rather than

1197
01:15:36,560 --> 01:15:41,080
Speaker 1: a lot of detail up close. And so those that

1198
01:15:41,520 --> 01:15:44,479
Speaker 1: set of characters, the bone crushing teeth and the large

1199
01:15:44,520 --> 01:15:50,200
Speaker 1: old factory lobes and walking all suggests that it's that

1200
01:15:50,400 --> 01:15:54,280
Speaker 1: it is an opportunistic animal and what it smells is stamping.

1201
01:15:54,360 --> 01:15:58,200
Speaker 1: Plus the exactly and plus the fact that in the

1202
01:15:58,240 --> 01:16:00,599
Speaker 1: fossil record to go out to eastern my antenna, and

1203
01:16:00,640 --> 01:16:06,439
Speaker 1: we find Tyrannosaurus rex pretty commonly. I mean, you know,

1204
01:16:06,760 --> 01:16:09,680
Speaker 1: the Museum of the Rockies has twelve t rexes. I mean,

1205
01:16:10,760 --> 01:16:14,559
Speaker 1: you know, we hardly have any of the little We've

1206
01:16:14,600 --> 01:16:17,080
Speaker 1: got one or two of the little little meat eaters,

1207
01:16:17,160 --> 01:16:22,040
Speaker 1: you know, the kind that that have recurved claws and

1208
01:16:22,040 --> 01:16:27,559
Speaker 1: and and blade teeth and and short fevers and long tibias.

1209
01:16:27,600 --> 01:16:31,160
Speaker 1: I mean that could run fast and good grasping arms.

1210
01:16:31,360 --> 01:16:38,160
Speaker 1: They are rare, just like cheetahs are rare in the ecosystem.

1211
01:16:38,240 --> 01:16:44,120
Speaker 1: So so the number of specimens of t Rex that

1212
01:16:44,200 --> 01:16:47,880
Speaker 1: we find is way above what it would be if

1213
01:16:47,880 --> 01:16:53,479
Speaker 1: it was an apex predator, suggesting it's an opportunist. Now,

1214
01:16:54,800 --> 01:17:01,800
Speaker 1: you know, like I said, little kids just hate that idea. So,

1215
01:17:02,160 --> 01:17:05,160
Speaker 1: uh my, my little buddy Finn Harrington was going to

1216
01:17:05,200 --> 01:17:06,760
Speaker 1: be in here where the kid you're supposed to have

1217
01:17:06,760 --> 01:17:10,439
Speaker 1: with you? Oh, I got sick. He's um unfortunately he

1218
01:17:10,520 --> 01:17:15,160
Speaker 1: doesn't know this is going on. But we're gonna give

1219
01:17:15,240 --> 01:17:20,400
Speaker 1: a little shout out and um if you can hypothesize

1220
01:17:20,920 --> 01:17:25,959
Speaker 1: who would win in a fight between uh t rex

1221
01:17:26,200 --> 01:17:32,240
Speaker 1: and velociraptor. One t rex and a veloci raptor. Yes,

1222
01:17:32,479 --> 01:17:38,280
Speaker 1: well I have like six more of these. First off,

1223
01:17:38,320 --> 01:17:42,120
Speaker 1: the veloci raptor probably would come as a couple of

1224
01:17:42,400 --> 01:17:47,000
Speaker 1: a few individuals. And I think they scaled their prey

1225
01:17:47,240 --> 01:17:51,719
Speaker 1: so they just climb up and start eating. So they climb,

1226
01:17:51,840 --> 01:17:54,200
Speaker 1: They would climb in their prey, I think so. I

1227
01:17:54,200 --> 01:17:57,360
Speaker 1: think they scaled their prey. They've got recurved claws like cats,

1228
01:17:57,439 --> 01:18:01,439
Speaker 1: so they could climb, and they're climbing trees. I don't

1229
01:18:01,439 --> 01:18:04,400
Speaker 1: think so. I think they just scaled their prey. And

1230
01:18:04,439 --> 01:18:07,880
Speaker 1: didn't Jurassic Park like get their size pretty wrong? Weren't

1231
01:18:07,880 --> 01:18:11,280
Speaker 1: they really small? Well yeah, yeah, but you know it

1232
01:18:11,439 --> 01:18:14,840
Speaker 1: was a movie, but but like what what was the

1233
01:18:14,920 --> 01:18:17,760
Speaker 1: reality the size? And in the show you see them

1234
01:18:17,800 --> 01:18:21,519
Speaker 1: like you know, theyvelociraptors about this tall. They are now

1235
01:18:21,680 --> 01:18:26,280
Speaker 1: kids favorite they're like kids favorite dinosaurus. When I was

1236
01:18:26,280 --> 01:18:29,120
Speaker 1: a kid, you like t Rex. Now kids like blossom raptors.

1237
01:18:29,160 --> 01:18:34,200
Speaker 1: They're they're how tall, Like yeah, they're like this the

1238
01:18:35,200 --> 01:18:38,599
Speaker 1: movie they're like seven feet tall. Well they but it's

1239
01:18:38,760 --> 01:18:42,840
Speaker 1: it's harrowing to think they climb up the animal. So

1240
01:18:42,880 --> 01:18:46,200
Speaker 1: when I when I was working on Jurassic Park, Steven

1241
01:18:46,200 --> 01:18:50,360
Speaker 1: Spielberg asked me to bring a cast of of um

1242
01:18:51,280 --> 01:18:56,040
Speaker 1: of dino nikas, which is closely related to velociraptor, but bigger.

1243
01:18:56,560 --> 01:18:59,559
Speaker 1: And so I brought, you know, our cast of one

1244
01:18:59,560 --> 01:19:04,479
Speaker 1: of our spe someone's down to the set and and people,

1245
01:19:04,920 --> 01:19:09,599
Speaker 1: you know, if you remember that the scene where they're

1246
01:19:10,200 --> 01:19:14,280
Speaker 1: sweeping sand off of a off a skeleton, we had

1247
01:19:14,320 --> 01:19:17,760
Speaker 1: a cast of a of a dino nicas there and

1248
01:19:17,760 --> 01:19:20,600
Speaker 1: and and I signed off and I said this is

1249
01:19:20,640 --> 01:19:23,320
Speaker 1: you know, this is perfect, and and that and it's

1250
01:19:23,360 --> 01:19:28,080
Speaker 1: even bigger than a velociraptor. But Spielberg came along and

1251
01:19:28,080 --> 01:19:29,800
Speaker 1: he says it's just not big enough. And so I

1252
01:19:30,560 --> 01:19:36,360
Speaker 1: got rid of that styroom. There you go, thank you,

1253
01:19:36,640 --> 01:19:39,960
Speaker 1: that's why it's big. So he but but okay, so

1254
01:19:41,040 --> 01:19:43,680
Speaker 1: is your little body gonna accept that he wouldn't show

1255
01:19:43,760 --> 01:19:46,840
Speaker 1: up alone. I really really wish he was here because

1256
01:19:46,840 --> 01:19:50,559
Speaker 1: he's a great, great at asking questions. But you know,

1257
01:19:50,600 --> 01:19:53,120
Speaker 1: if t Rex, if t Rex happened to just bite him,

1258
01:19:53,160 --> 01:19:55,320
Speaker 1: you know, he's gonna bite him and he's gonna just

1259
01:19:55,360 --> 01:19:58,000
Speaker 1: swallow him all at once. So what would be a

1260
01:19:58,040 --> 01:20:03,960
Speaker 1: better dino matchup m t Rex and who, well, you know,

1261
01:20:04,680 --> 01:20:08,320
Speaker 1: clash of the titans obviously. Have you ever seen like

1262
01:20:08,760 --> 01:20:14,760
Speaker 1: pictures of of hyenas and lions fighting. Yeah, that I mean,

1263
01:20:15,280 --> 01:20:20,080
Speaker 1: so you know, a lion is a lion has some

1264
01:20:20,200 --> 01:20:26,880
Speaker 1: advantages over over hyena because it's just more you know,

1265
01:20:26,920 --> 01:20:30,559
Speaker 1: I could just move around better, right, But a hyena

1266
01:20:30,640 --> 01:20:34,320
Speaker 1: has the strongest bite of almost any animal. I mean,

1267
01:20:34,320 --> 01:20:37,600
Speaker 1: he's got so if it so, if any piece of

1268
01:20:37,640 --> 01:20:41,000
Speaker 1: the lion gets into the hyena's mouth, it's gone. I mean,

1269
01:20:41,040 --> 01:20:43,960
Speaker 1: it just crushes it because it has bone crushing teeth.

1270
01:20:45,000 --> 01:20:48,160
Speaker 1: So you know, just if you stay out of the

1271
01:20:48,160 --> 01:20:52,879
Speaker 1: t rex's mouth, you're fine. If you don't, whatever pieces

1272
01:20:52,920 --> 01:20:59,719
Speaker 1: in there has gone. How many velocity actors to take down? Well,

1273
01:20:59,720 --> 01:21:03,519
Speaker 1: that's good question, but you know, I it's hard to say,

1274
01:21:03,560 --> 01:21:06,120
Speaker 1: but you know even three or four would be fine.

1275
01:21:07,960 --> 01:21:11,040
Speaker 1: Dinosaurs could take down a t rex. Yeah, because because

1276
01:21:11,080 --> 01:21:15,280
Speaker 1: they're climbing on that is great. I mean, thank you, Spencer.

1277
01:21:15,560 --> 01:21:21,880
Speaker 1: So you've seen you know, most most reptorial birds right

1278
01:21:23,400 --> 01:21:26,360
Speaker 1: come out of the sky, they hit their prey right

1279
01:21:26,479 --> 01:21:28,280
Speaker 1: on the ground and then then he just stand on

1280
01:21:28,360 --> 01:21:30,600
Speaker 1: it and they start eating it and the animal is

1281
01:21:30,680 --> 01:21:33,880
Speaker 1: usually still alive. That's like the crows and the ravens. Yeah,

1282
01:21:33,880 --> 01:21:38,360
Speaker 1: they I mean they you know, they're dinosaurs ancestors. They

1283
01:21:38,400 --> 01:21:43,240
Speaker 1: they eat their prey alive. So it makes sense that

1284
01:21:44,120 --> 01:21:47,840
Speaker 1: didn't do that. That poor dear. Yeah, you could have

1285
01:21:47,880 --> 01:21:51,439
Speaker 1: just climbed up on it and started eating. When I

1286
01:21:51,520 --> 01:21:53,960
Speaker 1: was a kid, Uh, Pluto was a planet and now

1287
01:21:53,960 --> 01:21:57,080
Speaker 1: it's not. And similarly, I felt like you always heard

1288
01:21:57,120 --> 01:22:01,240
Speaker 1: that dinosaurs were cold blooded, and then like five years ago,

1289
01:22:01,280 --> 01:22:03,280
Speaker 1: I felt like they were headlines and like no, now

1290
01:22:03,280 --> 01:22:06,639
Speaker 1: they're warm blooded, and then recently it's like, no, they're neither.

1291
01:22:06,920 --> 01:22:15,280
Speaker 1: So in November, where do we stand? Definitely warm blood there,

1292
01:22:15,280 --> 01:22:18,920
Speaker 1: but they're not warm blooded like us. So there weren't

1293
01:22:18,920 --> 01:22:23,519
Speaker 1: blooded like birds. We are endothermic homiotherms. That means we

1294
01:22:23,600 --> 01:22:27,639
Speaker 1: generate heat internally and we keep a constant body temperature,

1295
01:22:27,720 --> 01:22:31,200
Speaker 1: and we a lot of our food goes into actually

1296
01:22:31,400 --> 01:22:35,519
Speaker 1: keeping our constant body temperature. And the reason that we

1297
01:22:36,280 --> 01:22:42,000
Speaker 1: our homeeothermic that keep this is because mammals evolved as

1298
01:22:42,120 --> 01:22:45,160
Speaker 1: nocturnal creatures and so they had to have a system

1299
01:22:45,200 --> 01:22:47,800
Speaker 1: to keep otherwise that they're just froze to death, right,

1300
01:22:47,840 --> 01:22:51,120
Speaker 1: So they had to be able to eat, generate heat

1301
01:22:52,400 --> 01:22:55,880
Speaker 1: internally and then keep it at a constant body temperature,

1302
01:22:56,439 --> 01:23:01,280
Speaker 1: and so our you know, we now could utilize the

1303
01:23:01,320 --> 01:23:06,560
Speaker 1: sun because we're diurnal, but we still have this leftover

1304
01:23:06,640 --> 01:23:10,920
Speaker 1: physiology from being from our ancestors when we were nocturnal.

1305
01:23:11,840 --> 01:23:16,960
Speaker 1: Birds have always been diurnal and other reptiles and so

1306
01:23:17,800 --> 01:23:25,240
Speaker 1: so reptiles are are cold blooded, right, they're ectothermic heterotherms

1307
01:23:25,360 --> 01:23:30,600
Speaker 1: are ectothermic poikyatherrms. In other words, they don't generate heat internally.

1308
01:23:30,600 --> 01:23:33,040
Speaker 1: They get it from the sun and they can move

1309
01:23:33,040 --> 01:23:36,840
Speaker 1: around to you know, to alter that to adjust it.

1310
01:23:39,320 --> 01:23:45,400
Speaker 1: Birds are endothermic heterotherms, which means that they generate heat internally,

1311
01:23:46,320 --> 01:23:50,760
Speaker 1: but they can fluctuate their temperature because they can also

1312
01:23:50,920 --> 01:23:56,080
Speaker 1: utilize the sun, right, and so so there are birds

1313
01:23:56,120 --> 01:23:59,960
Speaker 1: that can you know, Turkey vultures can can can fluct

1314
01:24:00,080 --> 01:24:03,960
Speaker 1: wait their temperature by forty degrees. You know, we if

1315
01:24:04,000 --> 01:24:06,759
Speaker 1: we are four degrees, we have to go to the hospital.

1316
01:24:07,360 --> 01:24:10,439
Speaker 1: M and so imagine just being able to drop your

1317
01:24:10,439 --> 01:24:14,720
Speaker 1: temperature by forty degrees. They do They do that to

1318
01:24:14,720 --> 01:24:19,640
Speaker 1: save energy. Well, I mean, yeah, yeah, I mean if

1319
01:24:19,680 --> 01:24:23,880
Speaker 1: you can go into a short term torpor, you don't

1320
01:24:23,920 --> 01:24:26,800
Speaker 1: need eat as much. And so that's why birds can

1321
01:24:26,840 --> 01:24:29,519
Speaker 1: sit on the wire and watch cows just eat all

1322
01:24:29,600 --> 01:24:33,719
Speaker 1: day long, right, and they're like, what's wrong with those cows?

1323
01:24:35,200 --> 01:24:39,599
Speaker 1: Would they drop their temperature their internal body temperature when

1324
01:24:39,640 --> 01:24:44,280
Speaker 1: the sun is out in order to Yeah? Use So okay,

1325
01:24:44,320 --> 01:24:49,080
Speaker 1: it's just like just opportunistic, just like turning your your

1326
01:24:49,960 --> 01:24:56,880
Speaker 1: therometer down. Interesting, So translate this for me with uh,

1327
01:24:56,920 --> 01:25:01,120
Speaker 1: because you're using diurnal nocturnal. So go back to my

1328
01:25:01,200 --> 01:25:05,799
Speaker 1: hypothetical hunting trip where I'm just like glassing good dinosaur.

1329
01:25:07,520 --> 01:25:10,639
Speaker 1: Am I seeing evidence at that time? Am I seeing

1330
01:25:10,720 --> 01:25:14,679
Speaker 1: evidence of like, Oh, there's a species that's that seems

1331
01:25:14,680 --> 01:25:17,599
Speaker 1: to be nocturnal, that one seems to be diurnal, there's

1332
01:25:17,640 --> 01:25:20,800
Speaker 1: a crepuscular one that hunts in low light or is

1333
01:25:20,800 --> 01:25:24,720
Speaker 1: it like dead at night and in the daytime everybody's out. Yeah,

1334
01:25:24,720 --> 01:25:27,160
Speaker 1: I'm mostly like that. There there may have been some

1335
01:25:27,240 --> 01:25:32,360
Speaker 1: dinosaurs that could hunt, you know, near dust or you're dawn.

1336
01:25:32,640 --> 01:25:36,240
Speaker 1: I mean, they're they're probably worth something, but for the

1337
01:25:36,280 --> 01:25:41,439
Speaker 1: most part they were diurnal. Hmm. And the mammals at

1338
01:25:41,479 --> 01:25:44,400
Speaker 1: the time were nocturnal. So the you know, the all

1339
01:25:44,520 --> 01:25:47,840
Speaker 1: little fuzzy mammals that lived at the same time as dinosaurs,

1340
01:25:48,560 --> 01:25:51,799
Speaker 1: they were out at night hunting for insects or whatever,

1341
01:25:51,920 --> 01:25:55,439
Speaker 1: and that's how they keep safe. Well, that's that's what

1342
01:25:55,479 --> 01:26:00,000
Speaker 1: I would certainly do to keep safe. Big old dinosaur

1343
01:26:00,240 --> 01:26:12,960
Speaker 1: walk a him not too long ago. And I even

1344
01:26:13,000 --> 01:26:14,800
Speaker 1: seen your name get rolled into this a little bit

1345
01:26:15,840 --> 01:26:19,759
Speaker 1: not too long ago. A guy maybe in the Dakota

1346
01:26:19,800 --> 01:26:22,320
Speaker 1: Is I can't remember his name. A guy came out

1347
01:26:22,840 --> 01:26:26,000
Speaker 1: and there was a lot of hooplah and he had said, Hey,

1348
01:26:26,040 --> 01:26:30,599
Speaker 1: I found evidence from not only the day that all

1349
01:26:30,600 --> 01:26:35,479
Speaker 1: the dinosaurs died from that big asteroid collision off the

1350
01:26:35,560 --> 01:26:39,800
Speaker 1: uk tam Penizula Mexico. I found it from the seconds

1351
01:26:39,880 --> 01:26:46,320
Speaker 1: that that happened. Well that's controversial. Can you explain this

1352
01:26:46,400 --> 01:26:50,160
Speaker 1: to people? Though? Well, you know, like what he found

1353
01:26:50,360 --> 01:26:54,040
Speaker 1: according so according to the to that hypothesis, which is

1354
01:26:54,080 --> 01:26:57,559
Speaker 1: pretty cool, and I have to say it. For many years,

1355
01:26:57,600 --> 01:27:01,040
Speaker 1: I I didn't think they had enough evidence for it,

1356
01:27:01,080 --> 01:27:04,600
Speaker 1: But I think they do now for the for the

1357
01:27:04,720 --> 01:27:09,040
Speaker 1: impact of a meteor or whatever it was, huh that

1358
01:27:09,160 --> 01:27:11,760
Speaker 1: hit the Yucatan Peninsula, and I think they have very

1359
01:27:11,800 --> 01:27:14,120
Speaker 1: good evidence for it now and I would agree with it.

1360
01:27:14,600 --> 01:27:18,559
Speaker 1: But if you can imagine, I mean, this gigantic thing

1361
01:27:18,880 --> 01:27:24,439
Speaker 1: hits the Yucatan, and and you know the devastation. First off,

1362
01:27:24,520 --> 01:27:29,479
Speaker 1: the think of the tidal wave, right, I mean it

1363
01:27:29,640 --> 01:27:35,360
Speaker 1: hits hits water basically, and what was it circumference? I'm sorry,

1364
01:27:35,360 --> 01:27:38,719
Speaker 1: it's whatever I think there. You know, it varies anywhere

1365
01:27:38,760 --> 01:27:42,559
Speaker 1: from two miles to you know, ten miles okay, because yeah,

1366
01:27:42,560 --> 01:27:48,600
Speaker 1: i'd heard eight miles eight mile wide rock and and

1367
01:27:48,600 --> 01:27:53,360
Speaker 1: and so you know, it creates uh nine on the

1368
01:27:53,439 --> 01:28:01,560
Speaker 1: Richter scale earthquakes basically worldwide. It it throws trees and

1369
01:28:01,640 --> 01:28:05,719
Speaker 1: dinosaurs and water and dirt and everything into literally into

1370
01:28:05,760 --> 01:28:09,200
Speaker 1: the stratosphere, I mean basically into orbit for a while.

1371
01:28:09,320 --> 01:28:11,400
Speaker 1: You've heard the theory about there being dinosaur bones on

1372
01:28:11,439 --> 01:28:16,799
Speaker 1: the Moon. No, I haven't heard that. It's it's about

1373
01:28:17,080 --> 01:28:19,200
Speaker 1: it was in a book I read about how that's

1374
01:28:19,200 --> 01:28:24,480
Speaker 1: how I blast. It put a vacuum in the atmosphere

1375
01:28:24,479 --> 01:28:27,559
Speaker 1: for like seconds where it just sent shrapnel into outer space,

1376
01:28:28,000 --> 01:28:30,240
Speaker 1: and based on rocks that they had found on the Moon,

1377
01:28:30,600 --> 01:28:32,960
Speaker 1: they could hypologize that there would be dinosaur bones that

1378
01:28:33,000 --> 01:28:37,080
Speaker 1: alternated there. I believe anything. I wasn't visioning more of

1379
01:28:37,160 --> 01:28:41,360
Speaker 1: a hypothesis based around using like a porta pot. No,

1380
01:28:42,439 --> 01:28:45,920
Speaker 1: we're a little splashback put it on the moon. I

1381
01:28:46,040 --> 01:28:50,559
Speaker 1: picture of t Rex just still floating around them there somewhere. Well,

1382
01:28:52,479 --> 01:28:57,759
Speaker 1: there has been dinosaur bones in space, miasaurra bones, baby

1383
01:28:57,800 --> 01:29:01,040
Speaker 1: those baby dinosaur some of those baby be dinosaur bones

1384
01:29:01,120 --> 01:29:04,960
Speaker 1: that that we found in showed were taken up on

1385
01:29:05,000 --> 01:29:07,160
Speaker 1: the on one of the shuttles one time, just so

1386
01:29:07,240 --> 01:29:09,559
Speaker 1: we could say that baby dinot that bones that din

1387
01:29:09,800 --> 01:29:14,559
Speaker 1: dinosaurs have been in space. That warranted the expenditure of money.

1388
01:29:16,400 --> 01:29:18,720
Speaker 1: Somebody just took it. One of the astronauts just took

1389
01:29:18,760 --> 01:29:24,000
Speaker 1: up with him just just it was. But what's his name?

1390
01:29:24,040 --> 01:29:28,600
Speaker 1: The astronaut that works at M s U. No, so

1391
01:29:28,880 --> 01:29:31,160
Speaker 1: I can't. I can only name I can only name

1392
01:29:31,200 --> 01:29:36,160
Speaker 1: a hand anyway, he in a similar vein, I did

1393
01:29:36,160 --> 01:29:37,960
Speaker 1: a story of years ago on freeze dried food, like

1394
01:29:38,000 --> 01:29:40,280
Speaker 1: explaining all about freeze dried food, the history, how it's

1395
01:29:40,320 --> 01:29:44,680
Speaker 1: made and all that, and I learned unsettling truths. No

1396
01:29:44,760 --> 01:29:48,920
Speaker 1: astronaut has ever eaten space ice cream and space Okay,

1397
01:29:49,040 --> 01:29:54,000
Speaker 1: it went up. They didn't touch it so good, they

1398
01:29:54,000 --> 01:29:58,240
Speaker 1: don't need it. Why just wasn't appealing to him? They

1399
01:29:58,280 --> 01:30:00,599
Speaker 1: think that they they think that they brought some up.

1400
01:30:00,760 --> 01:30:03,519
Speaker 1: It was never consumed and space ice cream has yet

1401
01:30:03,560 --> 01:30:08,680
Speaker 1: to be eaten in space. A shrimp cocktail has. So

1402
01:30:08,760 --> 01:30:11,080
Speaker 1: what's the new evidence that supports I we should get

1403
01:30:11,080 --> 01:30:17,840
Speaker 1: back to the make everything die well. I want to

1404
01:30:17,840 --> 01:30:20,040
Speaker 1: hear more about how bad it was that day. It was.

1405
01:30:20,160 --> 01:30:22,120
Speaker 1: It was a bad day. I can tell you it

1406
01:30:22,200 --> 01:30:26,120
Speaker 1: was a bad whop the earth off. It's uh no,

1407
01:30:26,120 --> 01:30:30,320
Speaker 1: I don't think so, no, no, but it but the

1408
01:30:30,360 --> 01:30:34,519
Speaker 1: title wave would have would have washed over most of

1409
01:30:34,840 --> 01:30:38,400
Speaker 1: the United States, all the way up into Illinois really

1410
01:30:38,640 --> 01:30:41,800
Speaker 1: and at the time there was a you know, part

1411
01:30:41,880 --> 01:30:46,280
Speaker 1: of a seaway that kind of went up almost Montana.

1412
01:30:47,280 --> 01:30:52,360
Speaker 1: And that's my and that that tidal wave is what

1413
01:30:52,400 --> 01:30:56,840
Speaker 1: this guy is saying is has has washed a bunch

1414
01:30:56,880 --> 01:31:00,000
Speaker 1: of stuff into this area in North Dakota, South Dakota

1415
01:31:00,040 --> 01:31:03,559
Speaker 1: wherever it is. And and then it is a result

1416
01:31:03,760 --> 01:31:07,360
Speaker 1: of the tidal wave, like it was the the like

1417
01:31:07,520 --> 01:31:11,120
Speaker 1: depository end of the tidle wave created this great collection

1418
01:31:11,120 --> 01:31:14,320
Speaker 1: a junk, right exactly? Do they also think volcanoes were

1419
01:31:14,400 --> 01:31:18,639
Speaker 1: setting off like and that was on the opposite side

1420
01:31:18,640 --> 01:31:22,519
Speaker 1: of the world. So India there was a there were

1421
01:31:22,640 --> 01:31:28,320
Speaker 1: there's a big vulcanism event that seems to coincide with

1422
01:31:28,800 --> 01:31:32,599
Speaker 1: with you know, about the same time. So like that

1423
01:31:32,640 --> 01:31:35,040
Speaker 1: thing cold cock the earth so hard that it caused

1424
01:31:35,120 --> 01:31:39,760
Speaker 1: volcanoes on the other side of the Yes, damn, that's

1425
01:31:39,760 --> 01:31:43,720
Speaker 1: a hit. So there was you know, there was, There

1426
01:31:43,720 --> 01:31:47,800
Speaker 1: would have been. It's like me hit paints. There would

1427
01:31:47,800 --> 01:31:50,800
Speaker 1: have been wildfires all over. I mean it just it

1428
01:31:50,880 --> 01:31:53,439
Speaker 1: would have. It would have been pretty devastating and then

1429
01:31:53,479 --> 01:31:56,360
Speaker 1: blocked out the sun all the off the sun created

1430
01:31:56,439 --> 01:31:59,760
Speaker 1: like a nuclear winter, killed off the plants, killed off

1431
01:31:59,760 --> 01:32:03,880
Speaker 1: the ant eaters, and apparently the meat eaters as well.

1432
01:32:04,200 --> 01:32:08,120
Speaker 1: And and what we don't understand is why the birds survived.

1433
01:32:08,439 --> 01:32:11,560
Speaker 1: Did you not buy it because it was too tidy,

1434
01:32:11,760 --> 01:32:15,240
Speaker 1: it was too convenient? Well, it's the birds. I'm still

1435
01:32:15,320 --> 01:32:18,519
Speaker 1: a little concerned about how how you know, birds are

1436
01:32:19,520 --> 01:32:23,080
Speaker 1: are pretty fragile in the ecosystem, and I just like, why,

1437
01:32:23,640 --> 01:32:27,400
Speaker 1: why how did they manage to survive? I don't I

1438
01:32:27,439 --> 01:32:29,919
Speaker 1: don't quite figure out where they could be to survive,

1439
01:32:31,520 --> 01:32:34,439
Speaker 1: because you know, they have to eat the same old

1440
01:32:34,520 --> 01:32:39,599
Speaker 1: things that everyone else is. Even maybe they had, but

1441
01:32:39,760 --> 01:32:43,599
Speaker 1: you know, they're they're nocturnal, they can they probably hibernating anyway,

1442
01:32:43,640 --> 01:32:48,200
Speaker 1: So I don't know, it's just you know, it's an

1443
01:32:48,200 --> 01:32:52,519
Speaker 1: interesting story. Um, I actually really don't care what killed

1444
01:32:52,560 --> 01:32:54,840
Speaker 1: the dinosaurs. Well, let me let me invite you to

1445
01:32:54,840 --> 01:32:59,600
Speaker 1: care for a minute. Give me another plausible, Give me

1446
01:32:59,640 --> 01:33:05,000
Speaker 1: another plausible. Well, you know, theory B there the only

1447
01:33:05,240 --> 01:33:09,280
Speaker 1: theory B is that. I mean, it's not very good.

1448
01:33:09,320 --> 01:33:14,679
Speaker 1: It's environmental. You know, it's basically um an environmental change

1449
01:33:14,680 --> 01:33:21,040
Speaker 1: where where where the seaways retract off of the continents

1450
01:33:21,080 --> 01:33:25,479
Speaker 1: that had been there most of the time, which changes

1451
01:33:25,680 --> 01:33:32,600
Speaker 1: the the the climates and changes you know, air passages

1452
01:33:32,680 --> 01:33:35,840
Speaker 1: and all sort of. I mean, it just basically a

1453
01:33:36,040 --> 01:33:42,559
Speaker 1: pretty rapid change in the climate, which in many cases

1454
01:33:42,560 --> 01:33:44,439
Speaker 1: it could do sort of a similar thing. But you

1455
01:33:44,439 --> 01:33:47,439
Speaker 1: would still expect some of the dinosaurs to have made

1456
01:33:47,439 --> 01:33:53,519
Speaker 1: it through that, and they didn't. So when you say

1457
01:33:53,520 --> 01:33:57,360
Speaker 1: that you don't But meteor theory makes more sense. But

1458
01:33:57,360 --> 01:33:59,680
Speaker 1: when you say you don't care what happened to him,

1459
01:33:59,720 --> 01:34:01,640
Speaker 1: how can you afford not to care what happened to him?

1460
01:34:03,439 --> 01:34:06,439
Speaker 1: That's like the burning deal, right, Well, not for me,

1461
01:34:06,479 --> 01:34:08,599
Speaker 1: it isn't. What is the burning deal for you? Well,

1462
01:34:08,640 --> 01:34:11,439
Speaker 1: I'm just I'm curious to know how they were so

1463
01:34:11,520 --> 01:34:15,080
Speaker 1: successful for a hundred and fifty five million years. People

1464
01:34:15,080 --> 01:34:17,280
Speaker 1: are focusing on the wrong thing. I think so. Yeah.

1465
01:34:17,360 --> 01:34:20,080
Speaker 1: I think with like the asteroid thing, people who sight

1466
01:34:20,160 --> 01:34:23,599
Speaker 1: of that, we're closer in time to t Rex than

1467
01:34:23,640 --> 01:34:26,479
Speaker 1: t Rex was to like Stegasaurus. And so what people

1468
01:34:26,520 --> 01:34:28,559
Speaker 1: are missing with the asteroid thing is it's not like

1469
01:34:28,600 --> 01:34:31,240
Speaker 1: every dinosaur died that day or that week or that month.

1470
01:34:31,680 --> 01:34:34,439
Speaker 1: By the time t Rex came around, stegas ours fossils

1471
01:34:34,479 --> 01:34:38,120
Speaker 1: had been in the ground for eighty million years. A good.

1472
01:34:38,320 --> 01:34:40,360
Speaker 1: That's a good. I like that one. They had like

1473
01:34:40,400 --> 01:34:43,800
Speaker 1: an insane run. Humans will never approach what they accomplished,

1474
01:34:44,520 --> 01:34:48,240
Speaker 1: and we'll never approach what Neandertalk accomplished now. And people

1475
01:34:48,280 --> 01:34:50,920
Speaker 1: think about the asteroid like it doesn't give them credit,

1476
01:34:51,040 --> 01:34:52,559
Speaker 1: like they just died in one day and they just

1477
01:34:52,600 --> 01:34:54,800
Speaker 1: like blinked out. But they had been around forever. That's

1478
01:34:54,840 --> 01:34:58,960
Speaker 1: interesting that we're as separate, we're as separated from were closer.

1479
01:34:59,479 --> 01:35:01,640
Speaker 1: We're clo sort of t Rex is t Rex was

1480
01:35:01,720 --> 01:35:04,360
Speaker 1: to the stegosaurs. I got those two lumped together like

1481
01:35:04,400 --> 01:35:07,439
Speaker 1: they had lunch together. Yeah, And that's why I think

1482
01:35:07,840 --> 01:35:10,120
Speaker 1: like people would really appreciate they would have like a

1483
01:35:10,160 --> 01:35:13,720
Speaker 1: sixth grade level of appreciation if they realize that that

1484
01:35:13,760 --> 01:35:18,479
Speaker 1: they had quite a run. Yeah, so you know their

1485
01:35:18,520 --> 01:35:22,280
Speaker 1: success is pretty interesting. You had said, how you you

1486
01:35:22,280 --> 01:35:25,280
Speaker 1: don't particularly care about how they died off? Um, And

1487
01:35:25,320 --> 01:35:27,920
Speaker 1: I imagine that there's some differences in paleontology when it

1488
01:35:27,920 --> 01:35:31,080
Speaker 1: comes to like different cultures or different countries. And I

1489
01:35:31,120 --> 01:35:34,639
Speaker 1: remember recently that like it was a big deal when

1490
01:35:34,720 --> 01:35:37,240
Speaker 1: Canada and I think China agreed to let each other

1491
01:35:37,320 --> 01:35:39,960
Speaker 1: look at what fossils they had or something like that.

1492
01:35:40,240 --> 01:35:43,160
Speaker 1: So how how is that like different between like I

1493
01:35:43,240 --> 01:35:45,559
Speaker 1: assume what Japan cares about in Canada cares about, or

1494
01:35:45,560 --> 01:35:48,680
Speaker 1: what Australia cares about and France cares about you mean

1495
01:35:48,760 --> 01:35:53,120
Speaker 1: paleonto logically with dinosaurs. Yes, you know, it's it really,

1496
01:35:53,280 --> 01:35:57,639
Speaker 1: it's not my country. Really, it's my researcher. I mean,

1497
01:35:57,960 --> 01:36:01,400
Speaker 1: you know, I I studied dinosaur behavior. You're in dinosaur growth,

1498
01:36:02,479 --> 01:36:06,800
Speaker 1: and my colleague and in Canada studies. You know, he

1499
01:36:06,920 --> 01:36:11,080
Speaker 1: likes to find new species, and you know, other people

1500
01:36:11,120 --> 01:36:15,240
Speaker 1: like other things. So you know, there's not not really

1501
01:36:15,280 --> 01:36:19,160
Speaker 1: any competition between us because there's lots of stuff I

1502
01:36:19,200 --> 01:36:21,800
Speaker 1: can't have to apologists. On the other hand, you know,

1503
01:36:22,640 --> 01:36:27,080
Speaker 1: where there's just a few human fossils, they they tend

1504
01:36:27,120 --> 01:36:29,240
Speaker 1: to duke it out there. They really duke it out

1505
01:36:29,240 --> 01:36:36,879
Speaker 1: because there's more researchers than there are fossils. I imagine,

1506
01:36:36,880 --> 01:36:40,960
Speaker 1: though you had to really burn some some folks as

1507
01:36:41,000 --> 01:36:46,719
Speaker 1: conclusions when you determined that new species is in fact

1508
01:36:46,760 --> 01:36:50,160
Speaker 1: not a new species but a juvenile of a known species.

1509
01:36:50,320 --> 01:36:53,200
Speaker 1: You know, there's a few people that were irritated by that,

1510
01:36:53,479 --> 01:37:00,639
Speaker 1: I imagine, especially because talk to that a little bit.

1511
01:37:01,200 --> 01:37:04,280
Speaker 1: Well just you know, it goes back to the paper

1512
01:37:04,360 --> 01:37:08,320
Speaker 1: that was published in you know this this guy named

1513
01:37:08,320 --> 01:37:11,960
Speaker 1: Peter Dotson had had published this, and then people after

1514
01:37:12,040 --> 01:37:16,519
Speaker 1: that sort of forgot about it and forgot that, you know,

1515
01:37:17,080 --> 01:37:19,120
Speaker 1: sort of put that in the back of their mind,

1516
01:37:19,200 --> 01:37:23,479
Speaker 1: that that dinosaurs changed the way they looked through through

1517
01:37:23,520 --> 01:37:28,040
Speaker 1: their growth, just like mammals do. I mean, baby dinosaurs

1518
01:37:28,040 --> 01:37:32,280
Speaker 1: were probably really cute, you know, and and it's kind

1519
01:37:32,280 --> 01:37:36,559
Speaker 1: of that, you know, it's a releasing mechanism, just like

1520
01:37:36,600 --> 01:37:38,960
Speaker 1: with us. We we will care for our kids as

1521
01:37:38,960 --> 01:37:42,280
Speaker 1: long as they're adorable looking. Right as soon as they

1522
01:37:42,320 --> 01:37:45,200
Speaker 1: reach eighteen, out the door, they go all right, they

1523
01:37:45,200 --> 01:37:49,320
Speaker 1: have to go get a job. But dinosaurs sort of

1524
01:37:49,360 --> 01:37:52,960
Speaker 1: do the same thing. So they retain their juvenile characteristics

1525
01:37:53,040 --> 01:37:57,639
Speaker 1: and then and then go through this pretty rapid change

1526
01:37:58,560 --> 01:38:05,120
Speaker 1: and take on their characteristics. And so again hardly anyone

1527
01:38:05,400 --> 01:38:08,839
Speaker 1: wrote about that, and so it was it was fodder

1528
01:38:08,920 --> 01:38:13,640
Speaker 1: for the dyslexic guy to uh, you know, bring that

1529
01:38:13,800 --> 01:38:18,920
Speaker 1: up again and start sinking all these species that you know,

1530
01:38:19,120 --> 01:38:23,360
Speaker 1: people had named without thinking about whether they were juveniles

1531
01:38:23,400 --> 01:38:26,639
Speaker 1: or not. Be like analogous to if you in some

1532
01:38:27,160 --> 01:38:30,840
Speaker 1: future where there's no humans and someone went and excavated

1533
01:38:31,520 --> 01:38:34,840
Speaker 1: a household, and like, there's three kinds of people. There's

1534
01:38:34,880 --> 01:38:39,240
Speaker 1: three species. Ye, these little teacy ones and a medium

1535
01:38:39,280 --> 01:38:42,920
Speaker 1: one and a big one. Because their face looks different, right,

1536
01:38:43,680 --> 01:38:48,080
Speaker 1: very different. Those those people that name those dinosaurs. Are

1537
01:38:48,120 --> 01:38:50,880
Speaker 1: they they look at what you found and they're like bullshit?

1538
01:38:51,360 --> 01:38:54,920
Speaker 1: Or are they like yeah, he's right. Uh, they're they're

1539
01:38:54,960 --> 01:38:58,960
Speaker 1: a little of both. So there's some some buy into it,

1540
01:38:59,040 --> 01:39:05,120
Speaker 1: some don't. How many dinosaurs are at a certain time,

1541
01:39:05,200 --> 01:39:08,160
Speaker 1: How many dinosaurs were there as kind of the main groups,

1542
01:39:08,240 --> 01:39:11,960
Speaker 1: and then after more of your work and publishing, how

1543
01:39:11,960 --> 01:39:17,679
Speaker 1: many went away? Um, well that's yeah, it's it's hard

1544
01:39:17,720 --> 01:39:21,599
Speaker 1: to say. The Health Creek formation, which is the basically

1545
01:39:21,640 --> 01:39:24,200
Speaker 1: where t Rex comes from, and Trice Sarrah Toops in

1546
01:39:24,240 --> 01:39:28,920
Speaker 1: eastern Montana. There were twelve major dinosaurs. I mean there

1547
01:39:28,960 --> 01:39:32,720
Speaker 1: were more than that, but twelve that we find quite

1548
01:39:32,760 --> 01:39:38,360
Speaker 1: a bit, and I think I took away four of them,

1549
01:39:38,720 --> 01:39:43,080
Speaker 1: five of them, you know, So I don't know, but

1550
01:39:43,200 --> 01:39:46,360
Speaker 1: you know we're still arguing about some of those. Jack

1551
01:39:46,400 --> 01:39:53,640
Speaker 1: the Ripper would be, you know, a college class. I

1552
01:39:53,720 --> 01:39:55,920
Speaker 1: tell you he's an anthropology class. The first day, the

1553
01:39:55,920 --> 01:39:57,600
Speaker 1: professor was like, now when I tell you all the

1554
01:39:57,640 --> 01:39:59,920
Speaker 1: things that you think you know about what we do

1555
01:40:00,120 --> 01:40:03,320
Speaker 1: but aren't true, Like we're not all Indiana Jones and

1556
01:40:03,640 --> 01:40:06,040
Speaker 1: we're not all looking at dinosaurs stuff. And he had

1557
01:40:06,080 --> 01:40:09,120
Speaker 1: said something that stuck with me. He was like, you

1558
01:40:09,160 --> 01:40:12,040
Speaker 1: don't go out looking for Noah's Ark and then find

1559
01:40:12,080 --> 01:40:13,840
Speaker 1: Noah's ark. You got looking for Noah's Ark and then

1560
01:40:13,840 --> 01:40:17,480
Speaker 1: you find the Holy Grail or like, uh, whoever discovers

1561
01:40:17,479 --> 01:40:20,000
Speaker 1: Bigfoot someday, if if he's real, it's not gonna be

1562
01:40:20,000 --> 01:40:22,519
Speaker 1: a guy on animal planet looking for Bigfoot. It's gonna

1563
01:40:22,520 --> 01:40:25,439
Speaker 1: be like some rancher in Texas that found one stuck

1564
01:40:25,479 --> 01:40:27,200
Speaker 1: in his fence because he's looking for he's looking for

1565
01:40:27,200 --> 01:40:30,080
Speaker 1: a lost cow. So what's what's an example like in

1566
01:40:30,120 --> 01:40:32,640
Speaker 1: your field of work where people are looking for A,

1567
01:40:32,880 --> 01:40:36,080
Speaker 1: but they found B and B was really cool. Yeah. No,

1568
01:40:36,200 --> 01:40:39,799
Speaker 1: we don't. We paleontolo just don't really go out looking

1569
01:40:39,880 --> 01:40:43,639
Speaker 1: for anything. We we just hope that that our mind

1570
01:40:43,760 --> 01:40:46,960
Speaker 1: is open enough then that we're observing enough to find

1571
01:40:47,080 --> 01:40:51,880
Speaker 1: anything cool or anything new. I mean, you just you can't.

1572
01:40:52,520 --> 01:40:59,479
Speaker 1: There's fossils are so rare, I mean, you know, interesting

1573
01:40:59,520 --> 01:41:02,560
Speaker 1: fossils that are that are going to give us information,

1574
01:41:02,680 --> 01:41:06,879
Speaker 1: new information are so rare that you just can't expect

1575
01:41:06,920 --> 01:41:09,040
Speaker 1: to go out and find whatever you want. I mean,

1576
01:41:09,080 --> 01:41:13,920
Speaker 1: I I I put together this thing called the Health

1577
01:41:14,000 --> 01:41:18,920
Speaker 1: Creek Project back in I guess, and it was the

1578
01:41:19,040 --> 01:41:25,360
Speaker 1: largest paleontological expedition in history worldwide. I mean we had

1579
01:41:25,400 --> 01:41:29,000
Speaker 1: a hundred people, we had we had all these donors

1580
01:41:29,439 --> 01:41:34,720
Speaker 1: um um putting money into it. And the idea was,

1581
01:41:34,920 --> 01:41:37,920
Speaker 1: you know, we were we were trying to figure out

1582
01:41:39,160 --> 01:41:42,120
Speaker 1: how much information we could actually get from one of

1583
01:41:42,160 --> 01:41:46,559
Speaker 1: these ecosystems. And the Health Creek formation has produced so

1584
01:41:46,640 --> 01:41:50,040
Speaker 1: much stuff for so long. But you know, people had

1585
01:41:50,400 --> 01:41:55,559
Speaker 1: thirty triceratops skulls and they were trying to sort out

1586
01:41:55,720 --> 01:42:00,400
Speaker 1: you know, dinosaur Triceratops growth, for example. But in all

1587
01:42:00,439 --> 01:42:03,120
Speaker 1: of the Triceratops skulls that have been found, none of

1588
01:42:03,120 --> 01:42:07,840
Speaker 1: them were juveniles. All right. Museums had gone out and

1589
01:42:09,840 --> 01:42:13,479
Speaker 1: selectively collected the biggest ones because every museum wanted a

1590
01:42:13,520 --> 01:42:16,800
Speaker 1: big thing in their museum, and so in the end

1591
01:42:16,840 --> 01:42:19,400
Speaker 1: they ended up with none, none of the little ones.

1592
01:42:19,520 --> 01:42:24,000
Speaker 1: And so our project really was to collect everything. And

1593
01:42:24,080 --> 01:42:27,839
Speaker 1: we went out and collected just enormous collections of stuff.

1594
01:42:28,120 --> 01:42:31,400
Speaker 1: I was hoping we would find a bunch of duckbill

1595
01:42:31,439 --> 01:42:34,320
Speaker 1: dinosaurs because that was what I was interested in studying,

1596
01:42:34,960 --> 01:42:39,320
Speaker 1: and and we hardly found any, but we found a

1597
01:42:39,400 --> 01:42:42,760
Speaker 1: bunch of those damp t rexes. And and so now

1598
01:42:42,800 --> 01:42:45,080
Speaker 1: the Museum of the Rockies has the largest t rex

1599
01:42:45,120 --> 01:42:48,760
Speaker 1: collection in the world. Right, So I ended up studying

1600
01:42:48,800 --> 01:42:52,320
Speaker 1: t rex, which was not my favorite, but it's what

1601
01:42:52,400 --> 01:42:55,960
Speaker 1: we found, you know, And that's that's basically how the

1602
01:42:56,040 --> 01:42:59,720
Speaker 1: science works. You just you know, I went out to

1603
01:42:59,720 --> 01:43:03,439
Speaker 1: find up bills and found t rexs and triceratops. We

1604
01:43:03,520 --> 01:43:08,320
Speaker 1: found a hundred specimens of t of triceratops. So we

1605
01:43:08,479 --> 01:43:14,639
Speaker 1: learned an awful lot about triceratopsatos that preserve well well

1606
01:43:14,720 --> 01:43:20,200
Speaker 1: it yeah, so well, it looks like they're skulls preserved

1607
01:43:20,200 --> 01:43:23,479
Speaker 1: pretty well, because almost all the specimens we have are

1608
01:43:23,600 --> 01:43:27,639
Speaker 1: just skulls and very few skeletons. But we realized when

1609
01:43:27,680 --> 01:43:31,839
Speaker 1: we were actually excavating them that, you know, the skull

1610
01:43:31,920 --> 01:43:36,720
Speaker 1: is gigantic and and it's easy to find and and

1611
01:43:36,840 --> 01:43:41,160
Speaker 1: the leg bones could be scattered around by water, right,

1612
01:43:42,080 --> 01:43:47,200
Speaker 1: And so we realized late in this project that if

1613
01:43:47,240 --> 01:43:51,160
Speaker 1: we made our excavation a lot bigger, we probably would

1614
01:43:51,200 --> 01:43:57,240
Speaker 1: have found the skeletons of these things. But we pretty

1615
01:43:57,320 --> 01:43:59,240
Speaker 1: much after we dug up the skull, we were like,

1616
01:43:59,560 --> 01:44:04,880
Speaker 1: let's go find another one. I can understand that. How

1617
01:44:04,880 --> 01:44:07,120
Speaker 1: do you find them? You just find pieces sticking out

1618
01:44:07,160 --> 01:44:12,599
Speaker 1: of the ground. Most of eastern Montana is the Right

1619
01:44:12,640 --> 01:44:15,519
Speaker 1: Age rock, So you just have to find a place

1620
01:44:15,520 --> 01:44:18,680
Speaker 1: where rivers have cut through. So wherever the Missouri River

1621
01:44:18,800 --> 01:44:23,519
Speaker 1: is cut through, there's brakes, and those brakes are you know,

1622
01:44:23,600 --> 01:44:27,280
Speaker 1: form bad lands, and so those are good places because

1623
01:44:27,320 --> 01:44:29,519
Speaker 1: the rock is exposed there. But if you're up on

1624
01:44:29,600 --> 01:44:31,600
Speaker 1: top of the hills, that's the Right Age rock is

1625
01:44:31,600 --> 01:44:34,799
Speaker 1: still there. It's just covered with soil and usually somebody's

1626
01:44:34,840 --> 01:44:37,280
Speaker 1: wheat field and they don't like you digging in those.

1627
01:44:37,439 --> 01:44:39,760
Speaker 1: Is there like one thing that you can like, is

1628
01:44:39,760 --> 01:44:42,280
Speaker 1: there is there's like one certain thing you're like that

1629
01:44:42,400 --> 01:44:46,200
Speaker 1: is a dinosaur bone? Because of this thing, like I

1630
01:44:46,200 --> 01:44:48,080
Speaker 1: I spent a lot of time out in like the

1631
01:44:48,080 --> 01:44:51,400
Speaker 1: brakes hell break formation, and I'm like looking at stuff

1632
01:44:51,560 --> 01:44:54,559
Speaker 1: all day long and I have no clue what it is. Like,

1633
01:44:54,720 --> 01:44:57,839
Speaker 1: is there one thing that's like they look like bones?

1634
01:44:58,560 --> 01:45:04,880
Speaker 1: They do? Yeah, if you find one I found, I'll

1635
01:45:04,920 --> 01:45:07,000
Speaker 1: bet you have found. I'll bet you found a lot

1636
01:45:07,040 --> 01:45:09,559
Speaker 1: of them. Yeah, I found stuff looks like I'm like,

1637
01:45:09,680 --> 01:45:12,280
Speaker 1: that looks like a piece about just a big bone,

1638
01:45:12,360 --> 01:45:16,160
Speaker 1: but I don't know it. Well, they're they're both actually

1639
01:45:16,880 --> 01:45:24,920
Speaker 1: can you explain bracuolitescul vaculites. They're full of them there

1640
01:45:25,240 --> 01:45:31,400
Speaker 1: everywhere out there there they are, uh, an animal related

1641
01:45:31,439 --> 01:45:36,960
Speaker 1: to squid and octopus. So it's a mollusk and and

1642
01:45:37,160 --> 01:45:41,760
Speaker 1: what you're what you're finding is the shell. So have

1643
01:45:41,800 --> 01:45:45,519
Speaker 1: you ever seen a nautilus? The shell nautilus? That's that's

1644
01:45:45,640 --> 01:45:49,000
Speaker 1: what they're closely related to, Like a cone, ice cream

1645
01:45:49,000 --> 01:45:50,880
Speaker 1: cone on the back and a squid coming out the

1646
01:45:50,880 --> 01:45:56,160
Speaker 1: front right exactly, And so you're finding the shell and

1647
01:45:56,160 --> 01:46:01,280
Speaker 1: and they were prolific in the in the Intercontinental Seaway

1648
01:46:02,000 --> 01:46:08,840
Speaker 1: that that is now Black Shale in Montana. Uh. My

1649
01:46:08,920 --> 01:46:12,000
Speaker 1: sister in law's father has one of those. He picked

1650
01:46:12,080 --> 01:46:16,320
Speaker 1: up decades ago. I was sitting on a shelf and

1651
01:46:16,360 --> 01:46:18,240
Speaker 1: I was like, the hell's that? And he's like, you know,

1652
01:46:18,280 --> 01:46:21,920
Speaker 1: I've never been able to find out Yeah, of it.

1653
01:46:22,000 --> 01:46:26,400
Speaker 1: Put it on Instagram. Uh. He like works horses and stuff.

1654
01:46:26,400 --> 01:46:29,880
Speaker 1: He doesn't pay much attention to uh, a lot of

1655
01:46:30,000 --> 01:46:31,880
Speaker 1: phones and whatnot. But I put it on Instagram and

1656
01:46:31,920 --> 01:46:34,439
Speaker 1: like thirty seconds later, I was like, that's a what's

1657
01:46:34,439 --> 01:46:38,679
Speaker 1: the word? Back? Then I went to I typed into

1658
01:46:38,680 --> 01:46:42,960
Speaker 1: Google back of Light and hit like images and there's

1659
01:46:42,960 --> 01:46:46,040
Speaker 1: like shiploads of these things he has. The next day

1660
01:46:46,040 --> 01:46:52,160
Speaker 1: he calls me, he's like, what was that was that? Google?

1661
01:46:54,760 --> 01:46:59,960
Speaker 1: Because he was with the show. Well, a lot of

1662
01:47:00,040 --> 01:47:02,360
Speaker 1: people call me and when I was working at the

1663
01:47:02,439 --> 01:47:05,880
Speaker 1: museum and say I found a rattlesnake, fossil rattlesnake, and

1664
01:47:05,960 --> 01:47:12,280
Speaker 1: that's usually what they were marbaculites. Uh. My kids recently

1665
01:47:13,439 --> 01:47:17,439
Speaker 1: found it was got staggering. Actually, they recently found a

1666
01:47:17,600 --> 01:47:24,240
Speaker 1: giant fossilized clam bed where I can show you, well,

1667
01:47:24,240 --> 01:47:26,960
Speaker 1: I mean in the in the in this state, in

1668
01:47:27,000 --> 01:47:31,040
Speaker 1: this state of the state, there are probably a lot

1669
01:47:31,040 --> 01:47:33,800
Speaker 1: of those. When were the like I found those before

1670
01:47:34,120 --> 01:47:39,960
Speaker 1: me full yeah, like like like a layers stick broad

1671
01:47:40,120 --> 01:47:42,960
Speaker 1: clam bed. All right, Well, if you tell me the area,

1672
01:47:43,040 --> 01:47:46,000
Speaker 1: I can tell you what formation they're in and and

1673
01:47:46,560 --> 01:47:50,720
Speaker 1: how old they are. I'll show you exactly later. But

1674
01:47:50,760 --> 01:47:53,400
Speaker 1: we're off, we're off to something when we ran into.

1675
01:47:53,479 --> 01:47:56,479
Speaker 1: Just just give me a general life I found. Give

1676
01:47:56,520 --> 01:47:58,599
Speaker 1: me the county. I found him along the Missouri River.

1677
01:47:58,960 --> 01:48:04,080
Speaker 1: You go, yeah, well in the brakes, right, So that's

1678
01:48:04,080 --> 01:48:11,160
Speaker 1: that that is most likely that same same shell shelle

1679
01:48:11,280 --> 01:48:14,080
Speaker 1: that the that the baculates come out of. And we're

1680
01:48:14,120 --> 01:48:16,400
Speaker 1: those clams walking around or like doing whatever they do

1681
01:48:16,439 --> 01:48:21,000
Speaker 1: where they like siphoning at the time of dinosaurs. Really

1682
01:48:22,240 --> 01:48:23,920
Speaker 1: and some of them are big, I mean there are

1683
01:48:24,880 --> 01:48:27,840
Speaker 1: there are. It's there's a clam called I know seramus

1684
01:48:27,920 --> 01:48:30,360
Speaker 1: that you know it's like the size of that wall

1685
01:48:31,200 --> 01:48:35,160
Speaker 1: a clam. Yeah. Way back when Steve and I were

1686
01:48:35,200 --> 01:48:38,800
Speaker 1: taking a couple of l a comedians out on a

1687
01:48:38,880 --> 01:48:43,920
Speaker 1: mule there counting Missouri brakes, and I stopped and uh

1688
01:48:44,320 --> 01:48:48,600
Speaker 1: bent over and picked up a fossilized clam, showed it

1689
01:48:48,640 --> 01:48:53,440
Speaker 1: to counter. I said, hey, check that out. He said yeah.

1690
01:48:53,600 --> 01:48:57,800
Speaker 1: So I said, well, it's a fossilized clam. It's a

1691
01:48:57,840 --> 01:49:02,719
Speaker 1: fossil and he said yeah. So I put it back

1692
01:49:02,760 --> 01:49:10,759
Speaker 1: down and kept walking. How if you look at kids books,

1693
01:49:11,439 --> 01:49:14,080
Speaker 1: kids books about dinosaurs, of which we have more than

1694
01:49:14,120 --> 01:49:19,280
Speaker 1: a few, um, the dinosaur, the more recent the book is,

1695
01:49:19,520 --> 01:49:23,240
Speaker 1: the more colorful the dinosaurs are, and the old books.

1696
01:49:23,280 --> 01:49:25,960
Speaker 1: When I was a boy, they were all green, army green.

1697
01:49:26,160 --> 01:49:29,840
Speaker 1: All your dinosaurs were army green. Now they're like, holy

1698
01:49:29,840 --> 01:49:33,840
Speaker 1: sh it, they look like parrots. Wow, where's that coming from? Well,

1699
01:49:33,880 --> 01:49:38,040
Speaker 1: I help, A lot of it's coming from me. Okay, well,

1700
01:49:38,120 --> 01:49:44,320
Speaker 1: like what because the fossils aren't read no, so, so

1701
01:49:44,439 --> 01:49:47,679
Speaker 1: like I'm saying, how like, how do we deter walk

1702
01:49:47,760 --> 01:49:50,320
Speaker 1: me through the idea that they were brilliantly colored alright,

1703
01:49:50,400 --> 01:49:54,200
Speaker 1: and not army green? Okay, well, battleship gray, which is

1704
01:49:54,200 --> 01:49:57,599
Speaker 1: what you have to admit they used to be. And

1705
01:49:57,640 --> 01:50:00,719
Speaker 1: they are in Jurassic Park. Oh, their battleship gray. They're

1706
01:50:00,760 --> 01:50:05,800
Speaker 1: you know, they're not very colorful and Jurassic Park. And

1707
01:50:05,880 --> 01:50:08,320
Speaker 1: I pointed that out to Stephen, and he says, well,

1708
01:50:08,320 --> 01:50:12,519
Speaker 1: he said technicolor dinosaurs aren't scary enough. He thought they'd

1709
01:50:12,520 --> 01:50:17,679
Speaker 1: be more scary and battleship gray. Dude, If if something

1710
01:50:17,720 --> 01:50:24,400
Speaker 1: to me, if if something the color of a thirty

1711
01:50:24,400 --> 01:50:26,479
Speaker 1: ft long or whatever ran up to me, I don't

1712
01:50:26,520 --> 01:50:33,360
Speaker 1: that that's plenty. Yeah. Well, so the idea is that

1713
01:50:34,760 --> 01:50:37,760
Speaker 1: we know now that dinosaurs were feathered, at least the

1714
01:50:37,840 --> 01:50:41,519
Speaker 1: mediating dinosaurs were feathered. We actually have the impression of

1715
01:50:41,560 --> 01:50:45,720
Speaker 1: the feathers. We find the impression of feathers on dinosaurs,

1716
01:50:45,880 --> 01:50:49,000
Speaker 1: meat eating dinosaurs. We don't know about t rex yet,

1717
01:50:49,520 --> 01:50:54,479
Speaker 1: but but some of the bigger dinosaurs, some of the

1718
01:50:54,600 --> 01:51:03,600
Speaker 1: bigger meeting dinosaurs were completely feathered and kick and and

1719
01:51:04,320 --> 01:51:07,280
Speaker 1: you know, they gave rise to birds, and birds got

1720
01:51:07,320 --> 01:51:12,320
Speaker 1: their vivid coloration from their ancestors, and dinosaurs are their ancestors.

1721
01:51:12,960 --> 01:51:16,040
Speaker 1: So that's the that's the sort of the logic there.

1722
01:51:16,400 --> 01:51:20,840
Speaker 1: The birds are bright, birds have eridescence. I'll have to

1723
01:51:20,840 --> 01:51:22,880
Speaker 1: show you my n f T S. Did you look

1724
01:51:22,960 --> 01:51:26,960
Speaker 1: up my n F T S? Did? I thought there

1725
01:51:27,160 --> 01:51:31,320
Speaker 1: was I want to say France, which shouldn't be a

1726
01:51:31,360 --> 01:51:33,840
Speaker 1: catch all, but maybe it is for fossils. But I

1727
01:51:33,880 --> 01:51:36,160
Speaker 1: want to say that they were able to like isolate

1728
01:51:36,200 --> 01:51:39,600
Speaker 1: a pigment in fossil and they determined it to be

1729
01:51:41,040 --> 01:51:45,200
Speaker 1: or purple. We're starting to get the melanosomes out of

1730
01:51:45,280 --> 01:51:49,960
Speaker 1: dinosaur feathers and we are determining some of the colors

1731
01:51:49,960 --> 01:51:56,080
Speaker 1: and they are vivid because there are eridescence. Yeah, there

1732
01:51:56,120 --> 01:52:02,120
Speaker 1: are feather fossils. Correct, but it's an in print or yeah,

1733
01:52:02,160 --> 01:52:06,160
Speaker 1: that's their imprints of the feathers, right, But you can

1734
01:52:06,320 --> 01:52:08,960
Speaker 1: I mean it's just like just like your image. I mean,

1735
01:52:09,000 --> 01:52:11,719
Speaker 1: they're you know, the feathers are feathers. I mean there

1736
01:52:13,000 --> 01:52:14,960
Speaker 1: you can tell. You can look at the veins, you

1737
01:52:15,000 --> 01:52:16,920
Speaker 1: can look at all sorts of things, and you can

1738
01:52:16,960 --> 01:52:19,439
Speaker 1: find the melano sums in them. Hold off, I want

1739
01:52:19,439 --> 01:52:21,040
Speaker 1: to look at the n f T bat I got.

1740
01:52:21,040 --> 01:52:23,280
Speaker 1: Then we'll get into the n f T situation. I

1741
01:52:23,320 --> 01:52:24,840
Speaker 1: want to see what you think they looked like. But

1742
01:52:24,880 --> 01:52:26,479
Speaker 1: I first, I got I got a time machine question.

1743
01:52:27,479 --> 01:52:29,120
Speaker 1: No one's ever hit you with the time machine question.

1744
01:52:31,080 --> 01:52:34,640
Speaker 1: You get one time machine token. Okay, okay, all right.

1745
01:52:34,960 --> 01:52:37,000
Speaker 1: It's like for an hour long you get an hour

1746
01:52:37,080 --> 01:52:41,120
Speaker 1: long day long visit where are you setting years for?

1747
01:52:41,760 --> 01:52:44,920
Speaker 1: You get to spend one day like, give me location

1748
01:52:45,040 --> 01:52:55,519
Speaker 1: in like time and and why that? Mm hmm. Well, two,

1749
01:52:59,600 --> 01:53:03,680
Speaker 1: you want to to see me being born? It was

1750
01:53:03,720 --> 01:53:09,040
Speaker 1: a it was a it was a I had a girlfriend. Then, okay,

1751
01:53:09,720 --> 01:53:18,680
Speaker 1: in your professionalsional professionally, in a professional capacity, you know,

1752
01:53:19,600 --> 01:53:22,800
Speaker 1: I've I've thought about this a lot. First off, you know,

1753
01:53:23,680 --> 01:53:27,040
Speaker 1: there's a huge problem with time machines. I won't go

1754
01:53:27,160 --> 01:53:31,160
Speaker 1: into that. You know, it's it's a terrible thing. You

1755
01:53:31,560 --> 01:53:33,880
Speaker 1: you know, time machines pretty much have to orbit the

1756
01:53:33,960 --> 01:53:37,960
Speaker 1: earth otherwise you're in trouble when you go back in time.

1757
01:53:38,080 --> 01:53:43,439
Speaker 1: But that aside with you that aside um. You know,

1758
01:53:44,080 --> 01:53:47,640
Speaker 1: I just have this terrible feeling that you know, basically

1759
01:53:47,720 --> 01:53:51,439
Speaker 1: anytime you pick to go back, you know something's gonna

1760
01:53:51,479 --> 01:53:53,519
Speaker 1: eat you just as soon as you open the door,

1761
01:53:54,040 --> 01:54:00,640
Speaker 1: right and so so, you know, have of all the

1762
01:54:00,760 --> 01:54:04,640
Speaker 1: things i'd like to see, I guess my saur I

1763
01:54:04,680 --> 01:54:07,800
Speaker 1: would like to see. You know, the first dinosaur I named,

1764
01:54:08,800 --> 01:54:10,960
Speaker 1: and I don't I don't know what that one. What's

1765
01:54:11,000 --> 01:54:14,240
Speaker 1: his gonnosaura? It's a duck bill dinosaur. You don't want

1766
01:54:14,240 --> 01:54:16,400
Speaker 1: to go back in time and see a duck bill dinosaur. Ye,

1767
01:54:16,800 --> 01:54:21,000
Speaker 1: that's because because then you know it's first off, it's

1768
01:54:21,000 --> 01:54:23,960
Speaker 1: a friendly dinosaur, right, I mean, it's not gonna eat me,

1769
01:54:25,040 --> 01:54:26,640
Speaker 1: and so you know, I might be able to do

1770
01:54:26,800 --> 01:54:29,919
Speaker 1: some some pretty cool research with it and actually determined

1771
01:54:29,960 --> 01:54:34,360
Speaker 1: what it's blood temperature is and and and and look

1772
01:54:34,440 --> 01:54:38,720
Speaker 1: at its behavior and get something about its growth. You know,

1773
01:54:39,840 --> 01:54:42,120
Speaker 1: you go back with the little meat eaters and they're

1774
01:54:42,160 --> 01:54:45,680
Speaker 1: just gonna eat you, and you know that you're not

1775
01:54:45,720 --> 01:54:48,640
Speaker 1: gonna tell your story. So that would you go back

1776
01:54:48,680 --> 01:54:52,160
Speaker 1: to that showdow area, yep? Would you bring knee high

1777
01:54:52,240 --> 01:54:56,440
Speaker 1: boots or not necessary? Nope, things canna be high and dry.

1778
01:54:58,600 --> 01:55:03,640
Speaker 1: What would the temperature be, Well, it was probably you know,

1779
01:55:06,240 --> 01:55:09,560
Speaker 1: depends on whether it's winter or summer. Right, there's like

1780
01:55:09,680 --> 01:55:15,480
Speaker 1: defined seasons back then, especially at that at that you

1781
01:55:15,560 --> 01:55:20,040
Speaker 1: know that that latitude, I mean it's a relatively high latitude.

1782
01:55:20,080 --> 01:55:22,360
Speaker 1: Even then, give me the hottest day of the year,

1783
01:55:23,960 --> 01:55:28,040
Speaker 1: probably not as hot as it is now. It would

1784
01:55:28,080 --> 01:55:30,760
Speaker 1: have the temperatures would have been you know, the lower

1785
01:55:30,840 --> 01:55:33,600
Speaker 1: temperatures would have been higher and the higher temperatures would

1786
01:55:33,600 --> 01:55:37,720
Speaker 1: have been lower. So it has been but probably you know,

1787
01:55:38,200 --> 01:55:42,400
Speaker 1: still in the seventies, eighties, but not in the hundreds.

1788
01:55:42,680 --> 01:55:47,040
Speaker 1: I just envisioned everything being hot and steak. Well, it

1789
01:55:47,120 --> 01:55:50,440
Speaker 1: would be sticky for sure because of the inland seaway.

1790
01:55:52,160 --> 01:55:54,680
Speaker 1: So all of that, you know, all the moisture that

1791
01:55:54,760 --> 01:55:56,800
Speaker 1: builds up in the Gulf of Mexico, it was pumped

1792
01:55:56,880 --> 01:55:59,720
Speaker 1: really north all the way into the Arctic. So we

1793
01:55:59,800 --> 01:56:04,760
Speaker 1: get alliators and crocodiles living in Alberta. M hmm. We're

1794
01:56:04,800 --> 01:56:07,320
Speaker 1: dinosaurs have an offspring in the spring of the year.

1795
01:56:07,680 --> 01:56:12,160
Speaker 1: We don't know, but that's most likely. I mean that's

1796
01:56:13,600 --> 01:56:16,120
Speaker 1: when most animals do, so they would have there would

1797
01:56:16,120 --> 01:56:19,440
Speaker 1: have been like a hatching season or breeding season, you

1798
01:56:19,520 --> 01:56:21,360
Speaker 1: know how you might know the term for This is

1799
01:56:21,400 --> 01:56:23,040
Speaker 1: my last question before we talk about the n f

1800
01:56:23,160 --> 01:56:26,360
Speaker 1: your your n f T s. Uh, my last question

1801
01:56:26,400 --> 01:56:28,600
Speaker 1: for the n f T S. What is the term

1802
01:56:28,640 --> 01:56:30,760
Speaker 1: for when we have the two different there's two different

1803
01:56:30,960 --> 01:56:36,200
Speaker 1: strategies parenting strategies for animals. One that their letters and

1804
01:56:36,200 --> 01:56:39,600
Speaker 1: I can't remember the letters, but one would be like exempt,

1805
01:56:39,720 --> 01:56:48,520
Speaker 1: best exemplified by an elephant who uh has their offspring

1806
01:56:48,560 --> 01:56:52,680
Speaker 1: are greatly spaced apart. They put enormous resources into their offspring.

1807
01:56:53,920 --> 01:56:57,920
Speaker 1: Um is it p N Y or something like that. Kay.

1808
01:56:58,440 --> 01:57:01,520
Speaker 1: And then the other extreme would be might be exemplified

1809
01:57:01,600 --> 01:57:06,440
Speaker 1: by uh, let's let's say a cottontail rabbit where high fecundity,

1810
01:57:07,200 --> 01:57:13,000
Speaker 1: big litters off in very little investment into the young UM.

1811
01:57:13,240 --> 01:57:16,880
Speaker 1: And these are like two strategies. Do you do you

1812
01:57:16,960 --> 01:57:21,400
Speaker 1: feel that with with dinosaurs, Like, is it likely that

1813
01:57:21,480 --> 01:57:24,160
Speaker 1: there were dinosaurs that would spend years with their mother

1814
01:57:26,120 --> 01:57:29,160
Speaker 1: and there was like a like a family group that

1815
01:57:29,360 --> 01:57:33,280
Speaker 1: hung out. Probably, you know, they probably did. UM. We

1816
01:57:33,760 --> 01:57:38,600
Speaker 1: find them preserved in groups, and they probably are family groups,

1817
01:57:39,880 --> 01:57:44,120
Speaker 1: so they you know, they raised their babies and nests right,

1818
01:57:44,480 --> 01:57:47,760
Speaker 1: so they're they're putting a lot of effort into that.

1819
01:57:47,920 --> 01:57:50,600
Speaker 1: And when we find out like a herd that has

1820
01:57:50,760 --> 01:57:56,160
Speaker 1: died catastrophically, we find you know, young ones, not not babies,

1821
01:57:56,280 --> 01:58:02,040
Speaker 1: but you know, young young like yearlings together with um

1822
01:58:03,000 --> 01:58:08,000
Speaker 1: older adults suggest like families where they're staying pretty much together. Here,

1823
01:58:08,280 --> 01:58:10,640
Speaker 1: take a wild ass guess at what like the biggest

1824
01:58:10,720 --> 01:58:16,400
Speaker 1: herded dinosaurs might have been. Well, here in Montana we

1825
01:58:16,520 --> 01:58:21,280
Speaker 1: have we have the largest that's been recorded so far.

1826
01:58:21,440 --> 01:58:26,320
Speaker 1: It is it is a catastrophic event that is related

1827
01:58:26,360 --> 01:58:31,920
Speaker 1: to a volcano h and and we have at least

1828
01:58:34,000 --> 01:58:42,080
Speaker 1: a hundred and twenty five thousand carcasses. Yeah, that is wild.

1829
01:58:42,240 --> 01:58:44,200
Speaker 1: I wouldn't think there's that many carcasses in the whole

1830
01:58:44,280 --> 01:58:47,120
Speaker 1: world ever have been found to dinosaurs. We haven't. We

1831
01:58:47,240 --> 01:58:51,320
Speaker 1: haven't found them all we've we've we've sampled over this

1832
01:58:51,560 --> 01:58:55,120
Speaker 1: huge area and we get thirty bones per square meter

1833
01:58:55,640 --> 01:59:01,960
Speaker 1: and that's from one volcano, from one event. Yeah, it

1834
01:59:02,000 --> 01:59:03,680
Speaker 1: could have been like you were like looking at a

1835
01:59:03,760 --> 01:59:05,680
Speaker 1: her to care where you could have seen like dinosaurs

1836
01:59:05,720 --> 01:59:09,200
Speaker 1: and numbers like that. Yep, man blows the mind. Man,

1837
01:59:10,000 --> 01:59:13,440
Speaker 1: How how have things changed for paleontologies when it wasn't

1838
01:59:13,560 --> 01:59:17,720
Speaker 1: within like the last decade where Montana declared that dinosaur

1839
01:59:17,840 --> 01:59:22,600
Speaker 1: fossils are minerals, which changed some things, but they that

1840
01:59:22,880 --> 01:59:25,520
Speaker 1: they didn't do that. They didn't do that. So how

1841
01:59:25,640 --> 01:59:27,920
Speaker 1: how we're talking about doing that? And how would have

1842
01:59:28,000 --> 01:59:31,400
Speaker 1: that changed things if that happened, Well, that's hard to say.

1843
01:59:32,840 --> 01:59:34,840
Speaker 1: It would have had implications for picking them up right,

1844
01:59:35,840 --> 01:59:38,360
Speaker 1: and who owns the rights to him? That That was

1845
01:59:38,480 --> 01:59:42,000
Speaker 1: what the argument was. Does something does the person with

1846
01:59:42,240 --> 01:59:44,920
Speaker 1: mineral rights own them or does the person with surface

1847
01:59:45,040 --> 01:59:48,240
Speaker 1: rights on them? And and it they maintained it with

1848
01:59:48,400 --> 01:59:54,080
Speaker 1: surface rights. Yeah, I don't it's hard to imagine what

1849
01:59:54,200 --> 01:59:57,080
Speaker 1: it would have been like if they hadn't changed that rule.

1850
01:59:59,800 --> 02:00:02,000
Speaker 1: I guess all the oil companies would all own all

1851
02:00:02,040 --> 02:00:05,879
Speaker 1: the dinosaurs. Oh, was that kind of like a financial

1852
02:00:05,920 --> 02:00:09,520
Speaker 1: play when people were it was? We had it was

1853
02:00:09,640 --> 02:00:13,320
Speaker 1: a dinosaur specimen that was found in eastern Montana on

1854
02:00:13,400 --> 02:00:18,720
Speaker 1: a ranch, and one of the relatives owned the land,

1855
02:00:18,880 --> 02:00:24,760
Speaker 1: the surface rights, and another relative owned the mineral rights,

1856
02:00:25,120 --> 02:00:27,320
Speaker 1: and the dinosaur was up for sale, and they knew

1857
02:00:27,320 --> 02:00:29,800
Speaker 1: they were going to get somewhere around ten million dollars

1858
02:00:29,880 --> 02:00:33,200
Speaker 1: for it. So was that the Dueling dinosaurs? Yes, so

1859
02:00:33,320 --> 02:00:36,520
Speaker 1: what's the status of the Dueling dinosaurs? It was it

1860
02:00:36,800 --> 02:00:41,760
Speaker 1: was bought by North Carolina State University's museum or some

1861
02:00:42,040 --> 02:00:45,400
Speaker 1: a donor for that museum. So it is now in

1862
02:00:45,560 --> 02:00:50,160
Speaker 1: North Carolina. Have you seen him? I haven't. No, um

1863
02:00:51,520 --> 02:01:02,160
Speaker 1: I commercially collected dinosaur remains are are well. I don't

1864
02:01:02,200 --> 02:01:03,880
Speaker 1: really want to go into all this, but well you

1865
02:01:03,920 --> 02:01:09,520
Speaker 1: could take off DiCaprio. But you know, the thing is

1866
02:01:09,640 --> 02:01:13,480
Speaker 1: is that when when we go to get a fossil,

1867
02:01:13,560 --> 02:01:15,720
Speaker 1: we don't go to get just a fossil. We go

1868
02:01:15,800 --> 02:01:18,040
Speaker 1: to get data. We you know, we're trying to learn

1869
02:01:18,160 --> 02:01:21,880
Speaker 1: something and so so a specimen is for us is

1870
02:01:22,560 --> 02:01:24,680
Speaker 1: we learn a lot while it's still in the ground,

1871
02:01:25,120 --> 02:01:28,480
Speaker 1: and so we we don't dig them up very fast.

1872
02:01:28,560 --> 02:01:31,840
Speaker 1: We dig them up relatively slow trying to get all

1873
02:01:31,920 --> 02:01:35,880
Speaker 1: this information. And people that are actually buying, you know,

1874
02:01:36,120 --> 02:01:39,360
Speaker 1: that are selling fossils, are trying to get them, you know,

1875
02:01:40,080 --> 02:01:42,120
Speaker 1: out of the ground as quick as they can with

1876
02:01:42,200 --> 02:01:46,240
Speaker 1: the least amount of overhead, right So, so so that

1877
02:01:46,480 --> 02:01:49,560
Speaker 1: data that we're interested in is basically overhead for them,

1878
02:01:50,000 --> 02:01:53,080
Speaker 1: and so and so they don't always keep all that

1879
02:01:53,280 --> 02:01:57,040
Speaker 1: information or even take all that information that we need,

1880
02:01:57,760 --> 02:02:02,560
Speaker 1: and so and so a out of those specimens just

1881
02:02:02,840 --> 02:02:05,800
Speaker 1: end up as pretty things in some museums that just

1882
02:02:05,920 --> 02:02:09,680
Speaker 1: show pretty things that don't that aren't into research. And

1883
02:02:09,800 --> 02:02:13,400
Speaker 1: it's not always clear. I mean, you know, there's varying

1884
02:02:13,560 --> 02:02:20,360
Speaker 1: degrees of of of commercial collectors, right some some maybe

1885
02:02:20,960 --> 02:02:25,200
Speaker 1: you know, more apt to collect data, and some maybe

1886
02:02:25,680 --> 02:02:29,960
Speaker 1: you know, wandering onto BLM. So I mean you just

1887
02:02:30,080 --> 02:02:32,640
Speaker 1: never know. You never know where they're getting their stuff,

1888
02:02:33,480 --> 02:02:36,520
Speaker 1: and they don't like to share that information with others

1889
02:02:36,560 --> 02:02:39,960
Speaker 1: because they don't want their competition. In some of those areas,

1890
02:02:40,920 --> 02:02:46,320
Speaker 1: we never know whether whether the information they are sharing

1891
02:02:46,520 --> 02:02:52,440
Speaker 1: is actually accurate and so so it's controversial. So when

1892
02:02:52,480 --> 02:02:55,720
Speaker 1: the dueling dinosaurs were first found, nobody was saying where

1893
02:02:55,760 --> 02:02:57,960
Speaker 1: it was from, and so people were asking me, well,

1894
02:02:58,400 --> 02:03:00,120
Speaker 1: they showed me a picture and they say, you know,

1895
02:03:00,280 --> 02:03:02,400
Speaker 1: how important is this? And I would say, it's not

1896
02:03:02,680 --> 02:03:06,320
Speaker 1: important to science at all because we don't know anything

1897
02:03:06,360 --> 02:03:10,040
Speaker 1: about where it came from. And and that of course,

1898
02:03:10,160 --> 02:03:13,000
Speaker 1: the landowners are really mad at me for saying things

1899
02:03:13,080 --> 02:03:14,760
Speaker 1: like that because they were trying to sell it and

1900
02:03:15,800 --> 02:03:19,200
Speaker 1: it caused a big ruckas but you know, it's it

1901
02:03:19,360 --> 02:03:25,720
Speaker 1: just until they actually released the information and let scientists

1902
02:03:26,200 --> 02:03:30,000
Speaker 1: into the site to to get the data, it was useless.

1903
02:03:30,480 --> 02:03:31,880
Speaker 1: And it was that was kind of when I became

1904
02:03:31,920 --> 02:03:34,920
Speaker 1: aware of like the politics of gathering stuff like that,

1905
02:03:35,080 --> 02:03:37,600
Speaker 1: Like I know what happened with Sue in South Dakota.

1906
02:03:37,720 --> 02:03:40,280
Speaker 1: But then when they dueling dinosaurs happen, and uh, you

1907
02:03:40,360 --> 02:03:43,240
Speaker 1: were quoted saying like they're they're meaningless, like they're not

1908
02:03:43,360 --> 02:03:47,240
Speaker 1: special unless we can look at them. That's when became

1909
02:03:47,280 --> 02:03:51,520
Speaker 1: more aware of that. In the mineral rights saying why

1910
02:03:51,680 --> 02:03:56,960
Speaker 1: why did Mongolia? Why is Mongolia emerged as as sort

1911
02:03:56,960 --> 02:04:01,879
Speaker 1: of like the hot spot for the trade in dinosaur skeletons.

1912
02:04:01,920 --> 02:04:03,360
Speaker 1: It's just because is it because of a lack of

1913
02:04:04,400 --> 02:04:08,000
Speaker 1: oversighters there like a shipload of dinosaur bones there, both,

1914
02:04:09,240 --> 02:04:10,920
Speaker 1: you know, I I do a lot of work there

1915
02:04:11,000 --> 02:04:15,160
Speaker 1: and and and I have actually Mongolian students that have

1916
02:04:15,360 --> 02:04:18,400
Speaker 1: come and been trained at MSU and then gone back

1917
02:04:18,480 --> 02:04:24,080
Speaker 1: to work in the museums there. Um. They you know,

1918
02:04:24,280 --> 02:04:27,240
Speaker 1: Mongolia has is one of the poorest countries in the world.

1919
02:04:27,360 --> 02:04:30,480
Speaker 1: And they have nothing. I mean they don't. They hardly

1920
02:04:30,520 --> 02:04:35,920
Speaker 1: have any exports. They export Kashmir and and charcoal briquettes.

1921
02:04:36,000 --> 02:04:39,560
Speaker 1: I mean, you know, they hardly have anything, and and

1922
02:04:40,160 --> 02:04:44,640
Speaker 1: and so their treasures are their fossils and and their

1923
02:04:44,840 --> 02:04:51,440
Speaker 1: historical um stuff and so but they don't have enough people.

1924
02:04:51,520 --> 02:04:53,600
Speaker 1: I mean, you know, it's a it's a it's a

1925
02:04:53,640 --> 02:04:56,400
Speaker 1: country with three million people that's a third the size

1926
02:04:56,480 --> 02:04:58,960
Speaker 1: of the United States. I mean, it's a huge area

1927
02:04:59,800 --> 02:05:02,560
Speaker 1: and hardly anybody lives there in the end. And so

1928
02:05:02,760 --> 02:05:06,760
Speaker 1: poachers go into Mongolia and steal those fossils, take them

1929
02:05:06,760 --> 02:05:09,400
Speaker 1: into China and then ship them to the United States

1930
02:05:09,440 --> 02:05:13,360
Speaker 1: and sell them. And then we you know, we started

1931
02:05:13,400 --> 02:05:17,320
Speaker 1: realizing and like I said, their national treasures against a

1932
02:05:17,400 --> 02:05:22,120
Speaker 1: law to do that, and so we started reporting, you know,

1933
02:05:22,280 --> 02:05:26,960
Speaker 1: the fact that we were seeing some of these Mongolian

1934
02:05:27,000 --> 02:05:32,680
Speaker 1: treasures in the United States, and so so Homeland Security

1935
02:05:32,720 --> 02:05:36,240
Speaker 1: actually stepped in and helped go out and retrieve these

1936
02:05:36,280 --> 02:05:39,880
Speaker 1: things from people like Leonardo Old and he had a

1937
02:05:40,000 --> 02:05:43,760
Speaker 1: dinosaur get taken away from him. I don't know, I don't,

1938
02:05:43,760 --> 02:05:50,040
Speaker 1: I don't think was Yeah, he was just chocking. I mean,

1939
02:05:50,120 --> 02:05:55,200
Speaker 1: you can't imagine like that that would make for a

1940
02:05:55,240 --> 02:05:57,520
Speaker 1: good heist movie. Instead of gems their money, they were

1941
02:05:57,520 --> 02:06:01,600
Speaker 1: stealing like dinosaur or I'm there is one man, so

1942
02:06:01,920 --> 02:06:04,640
Speaker 1: you know, so they they I think they've pretty much

1943
02:06:04,640 --> 02:06:08,640
Speaker 1: shut that that down now, but you know, there's still

1944
02:06:08,840 --> 02:06:12,480
Speaker 1: there's a market, and people like to have dinosaurs on

1945
02:06:12,520 --> 02:06:19,680
Speaker 1: their you know, living room or whatever. You wouldn't or

1946
02:06:19,800 --> 02:06:24,120
Speaker 1: you don't, I you know, a museum. I put them

1947
02:06:24,120 --> 02:06:27,000
Speaker 1: all in the museum my when I was young. My

1948
02:06:27,120 --> 02:06:29,680
Speaker 1: mother was always irritated that I was filling up the

1949
02:06:29,720 --> 02:06:33,720
Speaker 1: basement with you know, dinosaur bones. Did you have some

1950
02:06:33,760 --> 02:06:36,440
Speaker 1: good stuff down here? I had some pretty darn good stuff.

1951
02:06:38,000 --> 02:06:39,920
Speaker 1: I had to get rid of them. And you said

1952
02:06:39,960 --> 02:06:42,720
Speaker 1: you found your first at age five. I found my

1953
02:06:42,800 --> 02:06:45,040
Speaker 1: first fossil at age five. And I found my first

1954
02:06:45,120 --> 02:06:48,680
Speaker 1: dinosaur bone at age eight and my first dinosaur skeleton

1955
02:06:48,840 --> 02:06:52,920
Speaker 1: when I was thirteen. Huh, what was the first fossil?

1956
02:06:54,440 --> 02:06:59,320
Speaker 1: It was it was vaculated. And then what was the

1957
02:06:59,360 --> 02:07:04,760
Speaker 1: first dinosaur? It's a piece of duckbill dinosaur. There you go.

1958
02:07:07,360 --> 02:07:09,760
Speaker 1: I mean, with all due respect, it's hard to just

1959
02:07:09,960 --> 02:07:11,920
Speaker 1: sitting around at How are you get excited about duck

1960
02:07:11,920 --> 02:07:17,280
Speaker 1: bill dinosas? Tell them how big they were? Yeah, they're

1961
02:07:17,480 --> 02:07:20,640
Speaker 1: they're they're they're pretty cool, and they've got big crests

1962
02:07:20,680 --> 02:07:24,520
Speaker 1: on their hands and you know, thirty forty ft long?

1963
02:07:24,600 --> 02:07:29,240
Speaker 1: You know, you know that you are? You promote that cartoon?

1964
02:07:30,600 --> 02:07:33,720
Speaker 1: Was it Dino Train? What the hell's that? Cartoons? Dinosaur

1965
02:07:33,800 --> 02:07:39,480
Speaker 1: Trained Trained? Uh? Did you watch that? My kids? Ye watching?

1966
02:07:39,720 --> 02:07:42,880
Speaker 1: Did you see Dr Scott They? Yeah, yeah, he was

1967
02:07:42,920 --> 02:07:44,600
Speaker 1: one of my students. Oh, he'd come on in the end,

1968
02:07:44,920 --> 02:07:46,680
Speaker 1: kind of shucked the corner on whatever they were talking

1969
02:07:46,720 --> 02:07:51,320
Speaker 1: about on the duck Bill episode. Maybe you found this

1970
02:07:51,400 --> 02:07:53,800
Speaker 1: out on the duck Bell episode. They got those things

1971
02:07:54,600 --> 02:07:58,880
Speaker 1: doing like a hoop. Yes, yeah, like they could hoot

1972
02:07:58,920 --> 02:08:01,680
Speaker 1: and call to one another. You're buying that? Well if

1973
02:08:02,000 --> 02:08:05,600
Speaker 1: that was your idea, Well, no, I think it's a

1974
02:08:05,800 --> 02:08:09,040
Speaker 1: general consensus that they had a large hooting noise that

1975
02:08:09,120 --> 02:08:19,520
Speaker 1: could make the dusky grouse of the dinosaur world. What

1976
02:08:19,600 --> 02:08:21,480
Speaker 1: would make you appreciate them? Sees if you look at

1977
02:08:21,480 --> 02:08:25,360
Speaker 1: the n f T s, I'm thinking, well, some of

1978
02:08:25,440 --> 02:08:28,720
Speaker 1: them make noise. The n f T S are on

1979
02:08:28,840 --> 02:08:35,120
Speaker 1: open c open explain what bust break it down? I

1980
02:08:35,280 --> 02:08:38,240
Speaker 1: I actually, well, I can break down dinosaur. I can't

1981
02:08:38,280 --> 02:08:42,000
Speaker 1: break down blockchain. I don't understand it. But you are

1982
02:08:42,200 --> 02:08:48,880
Speaker 1: selling a non fungible of what you feel like dinosaurs

1983
02:08:48,880 --> 02:08:51,640
Speaker 1: should look like. What they what you feel they looked like?

1984
02:08:51,760 --> 02:08:56,040
Speaker 1: All right, and the audience can One of the ways

1985
02:08:56,120 --> 02:08:58,360
Speaker 1: to see some of the images of the n f

1986
02:08:58,520 --> 02:09:02,960
Speaker 1: T s is on program at Jack Horner's with an

1987
02:09:03,000 --> 02:09:06,800
Speaker 1: ass dinosaurs, and there people can look at what you

1988
02:09:06,960 --> 02:09:11,160
Speaker 1: think dinosaurs looked like, far scarier than what Spielberg did.

1989
02:09:12,760 --> 02:09:16,720
Speaker 1: Well they're prettier anyway. Oh, I just want to Jack

1990
02:09:16,800 --> 02:09:19,520
Speaker 1: Horner's dino vision and popped up the Spencer new Heart

1991
02:09:19,600 --> 02:09:28,000
Speaker 1: follows it. Okay, so I want to see it. So

1992
02:09:28,320 --> 02:09:30,560
Speaker 1: where do I want to go? So Jack Horner's Dinosaurs,

1993
02:09:30,640 --> 02:09:35,320
Speaker 1: I go to Instagram Jack Horner's Dinosaurs the real life

1994
02:09:35,400 --> 02:09:39,360
Speaker 1: inspiration for Jurassic Parks. There is again the real life

1995
02:09:39,440 --> 02:09:45,600
Speaker 1: inspiration for Jurassic Parks lead character Dr Alan Grant. Jack

1996
02:09:45,640 --> 02:09:51,760
Speaker 1: Horner is a world renowned vertebra paleontologists and researcher. And

1997
02:09:51,960 --> 02:09:56,440
Speaker 1: in here are videos and images of what you think

1998
02:09:56,520 --> 02:10:02,320
Speaker 1: these buggers look like? Yep, h are they different? It's differently.

1999
02:10:02,440 --> 02:10:06,080
Speaker 1: I thought they look like, who's this guy that's a

2000
02:10:06,120 --> 02:10:08,520
Speaker 1: t rex? Oh, he looked like a big old turkey. Yeah,

2001
02:10:08,680 --> 02:10:13,880
Speaker 1: he does, big old gobbler. Oh. And then you also

2002
02:10:13,960 --> 02:10:17,920
Speaker 1: have with feathery with a feathery base of his neck. Oh.

2003
02:10:18,000 --> 02:10:21,200
Speaker 1: You can see some of this at at Jack Corner's Yeah,

2004
02:10:21,320 --> 02:10:25,760
Speaker 1: dino vision at Jack Corners Dino Vision. That one's cute.

2005
02:10:26,760 --> 02:10:30,440
Speaker 1: Huh man to try, Sarahtops your take on is a

2006
02:10:30,720 --> 02:10:36,000
Speaker 1: crazy ass looking dinosaur. Yeah, huh. What do you do

2007
02:10:36,080 --> 02:10:37,280
Speaker 1: with the money from the n f t S. You

2008
02:10:37,360 --> 02:10:39,280
Speaker 1: gonna like donate it to museums and stuff like that,

2009
02:10:39,440 --> 02:10:41,520
Speaker 1: or I have a yah, I have a five oh

2010
02:10:41,600 --> 02:10:46,160
Speaker 1: one c three ah educational foundation that goes into and

2011
02:10:46,240 --> 02:10:51,360
Speaker 1: then we distributed the money too paleontologists in the field

2012
02:10:51,480 --> 02:10:56,400
Speaker 1: and got or science education and talk about how it's

2013
02:10:56,400 --> 02:10:58,880
Speaker 1: a little bit controversial that you're doing this. We've covered

2014
02:10:58,920 --> 02:11:04,120
Speaker 1: this controversy you have you bet your particular Yeah, just

2015
02:11:04,200 --> 02:11:07,960
Speaker 1: like cryptocurrencies and n f t s. Yeah, something I

2016
02:11:08,200 --> 02:11:11,440
Speaker 1: I don't really totally understand it, but I understand that.

2017
02:11:11,600 --> 02:11:17,440
Speaker 1: You know that that the so called mining of Korean

2018
02:11:17,480 --> 02:11:25,600
Speaker 1: Why don't you We've covered it. You're running enormous amounts

2019
02:11:25,640 --> 02:11:29,280
Speaker 1: of calculations and it sucks a lot of energy and

2020
02:11:29,400 --> 02:11:31,640
Speaker 1: IM and I'm sure it does for a lot of

2021
02:11:31,800 --> 02:11:34,720
Speaker 1: n f t s are released, like by the thousands.

2022
02:11:34,760 --> 02:11:38,840
Speaker 1: They're talking about crypto. It's it's it's doing the computations

2023
02:11:38,920 --> 02:11:43,440
Speaker 1: necessary for cryptocurrencies. It's taking up a lot of energy. Yeah, yeah,

2024
02:11:43,480 --> 02:11:46,760
Speaker 1: I you know, and I people have been, you know,

2025
02:11:47,840 --> 02:11:51,360
Speaker 1: not very friendly about it. Your students said you are

2026
02:11:51,400 --> 02:11:56,040
Speaker 1: anti environment because you get into n f t s. Yeah. Yeah.

2027
02:11:56,160 --> 02:11:58,400
Speaker 1: What'd you say to them? Well, I, you know, I

2028
02:11:59,240 --> 02:12:02,360
Speaker 1: I told him to explain to me what it was that,

2029
02:12:02,600 --> 02:12:04,040
Speaker 1: you know, it was so bad about him and they

2030
02:12:04,240 --> 02:12:07,320
Speaker 1: and they did, and I said, well it's done. What

2031
02:12:07,720 --> 02:12:09,920
Speaker 1: can I do about it? And they said, don't do

2032
02:12:10,040 --> 02:12:15,040
Speaker 1: it again, and so you know, huh, but it's how

2033
02:12:15,080 --> 02:12:17,880
Speaker 1: I'm generating money for research. So I don't you know, I'm,

2034
02:12:18,040 --> 02:12:21,560
Speaker 1: I'm and I and I understand that there you know,

2035
02:12:21,720 --> 02:12:24,240
Speaker 1: there's some concern, But I know also that there's a

2036
02:12:24,320 --> 02:12:28,400
Speaker 1: lot of you know, people working on reducing the the

2037
02:12:28,640 --> 02:12:31,800
Speaker 1: environmental impact as well. So you know, can I tell

2038
02:12:31,800 --> 02:12:33,200
Speaker 1: you a little something you might not have turned up

2039
02:12:33,200 --> 02:12:37,080
Speaker 1: in all your research? Okay, no one is pure enough

2040
02:12:38,400 --> 02:12:42,720
Speaker 1: and no one's pure enough. Yeah, boy, I'll tell you

2041
02:12:42,880 --> 02:12:49,000
Speaker 1: not on Twitter, that's for sure. I got one last question.

2042
02:12:49,080 --> 02:12:51,560
Speaker 1: How does like some guy in his twenties it lives

2043
02:12:51,560 --> 02:12:54,200
Speaker 1: in Bozeman, say, and like works at a media company

2044
02:12:54,360 --> 02:12:56,880
Speaker 1: like get to go on one of these Maybe I'm

2045
02:12:57,000 --> 02:13:00,400
Speaker 1: just just like a hypothetical. Just just keep keep in

2046
02:13:00,480 --> 02:13:04,680
Speaker 1: touch still technically in his twenties, keep in touch with you. Yeah, Okay,

2047
02:13:04,880 --> 02:13:07,520
Speaker 1: you're gonna take Spencer out digging dinosaurs, take me to

2048
02:13:10,440 --> 02:13:12,360
Speaker 1: if you send these guys home, If you send these

2049
02:13:12,400 --> 02:13:15,160
Speaker 1: guys home with a big tristerratops, go on to be pissed.

2050
02:13:17,600 --> 02:13:20,640
Speaker 1: I'll be out. I'll be out in July. I'll be

2051
02:13:20,840 --> 02:13:25,560
Speaker 1: back up in Montana and I will have excavation up

2052
02:13:25,880 --> 02:13:28,440
Speaker 1: in northern Montana and you're gonna let them bust? Is

2053
02:13:28,520 --> 02:13:30,680
Speaker 1: this really invite? Because don't don't put her out there.

2054
02:13:31,120 --> 02:13:33,720
Speaker 1: He's a rock hunting some bitch man. You bring him out,

2055
02:13:33,760 --> 02:13:38,600
Speaker 1: he'll find something. You all have a standing invitation. I

2056
02:13:38,640 --> 02:13:44,680
Speaker 1: got my own paintbrushes. Spencer will find like a living dinosaurs. Good,

2057
02:13:44,760 --> 02:13:48,200
Speaker 1: nothing happens in July. You're seriously gonna go. Yeah, Oh,

2058
02:13:48,280 --> 02:13:50,920
Speaker 1: I'm going to Spencer's hardcore rockhound. I didn't know this about.

2059
02:13:53,200 --> 02:13:55,800
Speaker 1: That's a rock hound poser because we spent a lot

2060
02:13:55,800 --> 02:13:59,000
Speaker 1: of time together. He hasn't brought this up to me. No, listen, Spencer,

2061
02:14:00,000 --> 02:14:04,360
Speaker 1: we're gonna do. I'm oftentimes sending Spencer ship like what.

2062
02:14:04,560 --> 02:14:08,919
Speaker 1: He's trying to establish his bona fides as a rockhound.

2063
02:14:09,160 --> 02:14:12,040
Speaker 1: I yeah, I'm not. I'm not Spencer for sure, but

2064
02:14:12,640 --> 02:14:16,080
Speaker 1: um well, one of the areas well. If Jack comes

2065
02:14:16,120 --> 02:14:20,120
Speaker 1: to me and he says, the boys, where where we look?

2066
02:14:21,360 --> 02:14:24,480
Speaker 1: We can sit on the hill look for dinosaurs and

2067
02:14:24,600 --> 02:14:29,560
Speaker 1: then look out at at the at the modern river

2068
02:14:30,000 --> 02:14:37,120
Speaker 1: and see herds of elk sting like that. You're scouting too.

2069
02:14:37,680 --> 02:14:40,240
Speaker 1: I'm gonna start. I'm gonna start marking spots for fine

2070
02:14:40,280 --> 02:14:44,080
Speaker 1: stuff and taking pictures and sending them to let me

2071
02:14:44,080 --> 02:14:45,680
Speaker 1: ask you this real quick. This is my last question.

2072
02:14:46,880 --> 02:14:49,600
Speaker 1: I don't you know that clamp the clam bed. Yeah,

2073
02:14:50,880 --> 02:14:53,440
Speaker 1: it's on federal land. But let's just say a feller

2074
02:14:53,560 --> 02:14:55,720
Speaker 1: owned a clam bed. Is that of any significance or

2075
02:14:55,800 --> 02:15:00,560
Speaker 1: those things just everywhere? Yeah, they're mostly everywhere. Okay, try

2076
02:15:00,600 --> 02:15:03,160
Speaker 1: to explain that to my kids to reduce the heartbreak

2077
02:15:03,160 --> 02:15:06,400
Speaker 1: of them not being able to haul off all those clams. Well,

2078
02:15:07,800 --> 02:15:09,960
Speaker 1: you know, they could haul off quite a few of them,

2079
02:15:09,960 --> 02:15:13,320
Speaker 1: and it's okay everywhere, to the point where Blam says that,

2080
02:15:13,480 --> 02:15:17,920
Speaker 1: like you can take invertebrates. Invertebrates are fine a clam

2081
02:15:18,080 --> 02:15:24,800
Speaker 1: and like I have vaculites from and they're gonna kill me.

2082
02:15:24,800 --> 02:15:27,360
Speaker 1: Because here's the thing. I was just trying to be

2083
02:15:27,520 --> 02:15:30,680
Speaker 1: like instilling them, like you know how you do when

2084
02:15:30,680 --> 02:15:33,480
Speaker 1: you have kids, and uh, well I told them you

2085
02:15:33,480 --> 02:15:38,440
Speaker 1: can't take those clamps. Well clamps kids can fill up

2086
02:15:38,480 --> 02:15:41,800
Speaker 1: a basement pretty quick. They kind of kept the clams

2087
02:15:42,000 --> 02:15:45,840
Speaker 1: not knowing where you were. There are certains around Fort

2088
02:15:45,880 --> 02:15:49,400
Speaker 1: Peck where you can't be taking stuff nothing at all. Mr. Yeah,

2089
02:15:49,840 --> 02:15:51,920
Speaker 1: I could walk right back up. I could walk right

2090
02:15:52,000 --> 02:15:54,680
Speaker 1: back up to this thing and pass my kids DearS

2091
02:15:54,720 --> 02:15:58,160
Speaker 1: gut pile on the way and in order to have

2092
02:15:58,280 --> 02:16:02,920
Speaker 1: to drive past a lot of clamps. Oh, the spot

2093
02:16:02,960 --> 02:16:05,360
Speaker 1: where I found the big clam bed is right where

2094
02:16:05,360 --> 02:16:10,600
Speaker 1: you guys were hunting. Nah oh, I said, it was

2095
02:16:10,600 --> 02:16:12,720
Speaker 1: my last question. But here's my last question. This is

2096
02:16:12,760 --> 02:16:15,120
Speaker 1: a closer. This gives you a chance to close her out. Okay,

2097
02:16:16,200 --> 02:16:22,360
Speaker 1: what's the next when you crystal ball? Okay? In your field?

2098
02:16:23,880 --> 02:16:26,840
Speaker 1: What's the next big thing that that people need to

2099
02:16:26,880 --> 02:16:29,280
Speaker 1: find out? Right? So if you have a clue, really

2100
02:16:29,400 --> 02:16:32,040
Speaker 1: we chunk out like this whole bird ship. That's interesting.

2101
02:16:32,160 --> 02:16:35,160
Speaker 1: The feathers and the colors, that's interesting. You don't have

2102
02:16:35,360 --> 02:16:42,200
Speaker 1: any like that that that they could blank or you know, no, no,

2103
02:16:42,520 --> 02:16:46,240
Speaker 1: I just I just hope we don't overlook it. So

2104
02:16:46,360 --> 02:16:48,480
Speaker 1: you don't have a you don't have a hunch. Nope,

2105
02:16:48,560 --> 02:16:52,480
Speaker 1: not a clue. What are you working on right now?

2106
02:16:52,920 --> 02:16:58,520
Speaker 1: I'm I'm interested in, I don't I'm interested in and

2107
02:16:58,720 --> 02:17:04,600
Speaker 1: how dinosaur accouterments, you know, how they grow. It's just

2108
02:17:04,800 --> 02:17:07,920
Speaker 1: it's like looking at deer antlers. Do you know anything

2109
02:17:07,920 --> 02:17:13,520
Speaker 1: about deer antlers? I mean they are made of I

2110
02:17:13,600 --> 02:17:16,760
Speaker 1: mean the animal just you know, just imagine, I mean,

2111
02:17:16,800 --> 02:17:21,440
Speaker 1: the the animal puts a huge amount of energy into

2112
02:17:21,520 --> 02:17:24,959
Speaker 1: growing these things and then drops them and then starts

2113
02:17:25,040 --> 02:17:27,560
Speaker 1: over the next year, right, I mean a lot of

2114
02:17:27,640 --> 02:17:31,000
Speaker 1: accouterments are kept year after year. I mean it's it's

2115
02:17:31,080 --> 02:17:36,440
Speaker 1: less expensive that way. And and the big shield on

2116
02:17:36,560 --> 02:17:39,040
Speaker 1: a tricerat I mean it's an enormous structure. I mean,

2117
02:17:39,120 --> 02:17:43,320
Speaker 1: on an adult triceratops, their skull is nine ft long

2118
02:17:43,440 --> 02:17:46,840
Speaker 1: and six ft wide. I mean it's just huge. And

2119
02:17:47,480 --> 02:17:53,000
Speaker 1: and you know, and there parts of them are paper thin,

2120
02:17:53,800 --> 02:17:57,240
Speaker 1: and yet you never find them broken or our heel

2121
02:17:57,480 --> 02:18:01,200
Speaker 1: re healed. I mean, so so it's it's just it's

2122
02:18:01,240 --> 02:18:03,440
Speaker 1: just interesting. We just don't know very much about them.

2123
02:18:03,480 --> 02:18:06,920
Speaker 1: Do you think that there was that there was probably

2124
02:18:07,400 --> 02:18:12,240
Speaker 1: sexual display, and there was probably protection. No, I don't

2125
02:18:12,280 --> 02:18:15,240
Speaker 1: think any of those accouterments were for protection. I think

2126
02:18:15,280 --> 02:18:19,560
Speaker 1: they were all for display. Just look like a bad

2127
02:18:19,680 --> 02:18:23,520
Speaker 1: mofo to the ladies, because you know, mammals are really

2128
02:18:24,200 --> 02:18:32,560
Speaker 1: because mammals evolved as nocturnal creatures. Most mammals display um physically, right,

2129
02:18:32,640 --> 02:18:35,360
Speaker 1: I mean, crashing into each other, button each other. I

2130
02:18:35,400 --> 02:18:40,320
Speaker 1: mean that a lot of physical actions and and and

2131
02:18:41,400 --> 02:18:45,920
Speaker 1: and that communication between them is usually olfactory, right there,

2132
02:18:45,959 --> 02:18:52,440
Speaker 1: sniffing one another, birds and other diurnal animals, reptiles and

2133
02:18:52,959 --> 02:18:56,920
Speaker 1: birds and probably dinosaurs were all visual a lot of show.

2134
02:18:57,240 --> 02:18:59,880
Speaker 1: So it was all show, you know, and we see

2135
02:19:00,000 --> 02:19:03,720
Speaker 1: that in birds. I mean, yes, birds, male birds do

2136
02:19:03,959 --> 02:19:07,880
Speaker 1: fight sometimes, but mostly it's the males displaying to the

2137
02:19:07,959 --> 02:19:11,400
Speaker 1: females and the wild. Think of a of a dinosaur

2138
02:19:11,560 --> 02:19:15,240
Speaker 1: doing like like a dinosaur, like a leck and they're

2139
02:19:15,320 --> 02:19:20,800
Speaker 1: like displaying and strutting, strutting and dancing and singing, and

2140
02:19:21,040 --> 02:19:25,760
Speaker 1: you know, I think the whole works. I think every long.

2141
02:19:27,040 --> 02:19:30,840
Speaker 1: Wouldn't that be cool? Yeah? Well, next time someone asked

2142
02:19:30,879 --> 02:19:32,560
Speaker 1: you the old time machine question, why don't you put

2143
02:19:32,640 --> 02:19:36,040
Speaker 1: that one down breeding season? Breeding season? Yeah, well I

2144
02:19:36,080 --> 02:19:41,160
Speaker 1: got a good answer. I think no matter where, no

2145
02:19:41,280 --> 02:19:43,880
Speaker 1: matter what dinosaur you went to see, I think one

2146
02:19:43,959 --> 02:19:49,160
Speaker 1: thing it would be is stinky. Yeah, I think. I

2147
02:19:49,240 --> 02:19:52,879
Speaker 1: think those planning dinosaurs and the meaty I just think

2148
02:19:52,959 --> 02:20:00,480
Speaker 1: it was pretty nasty, like the sore up the big

2149
02:20:00,600 --> 02:20:03,880
Speaker 1: long neck dinosaurs. I mean they were those big giant

2150
02:20:03,959 --> 02:20:08,320
Speaker 1: stomachs were fermenting. Oh oh my god, that they were. Yeah,

2151
02:20:09,040 --> 02:20:15,160
Speaker 1: that was that's when there really was a lot of methane.

2152
02:20:15,600 --> 02:20:22,440
Speaker 1: Methane in the atmosphere. Yeah, huh, all right, man, all right,

2153
02:20:22,879 --> 02:20:28,680
Speaker 1: So I'll see some of you. Let me ask you, though,

2154
02:20:28,760 --> 02:20:30,680
Speaker 1: do you just take any old Tom, Dick and Harry

2155
02:20:30,800 --> 02:20:32,560
Speaker 1: or these guys getting like a special deal to be

2156
02:20:32,560 --> 02:20:36,560
Speaker 1: able to volunteer? Well they look they looked like they

2157
02:20:36,600 --> 02:20:42,520
Speaker 1: could work the jackhammer pretty well. All right, I can

2158
02:20:42,560 --> 02:20:44,960
Speaker 1: be excited to hear about I got my hours on

2159
02:20:45,080 --> 02:20:51,840
Speaker 1: the jackhammer. Not doing that though, No, but jack breaking rocks. Yeah,

2160
02:20:53,600 --> 02:20:55,160
Speaker 1: well I want to hear a report back. When you

2161
02:20:55,320 --> 02:20:58,600
Speaker 1: fellers get back, we're in the pockets full of looted.

2162
02:21:00,240 --> 02:21:02,520
Speaker 1: You'll come over to my house, they try sere cops

2163
02:21:02,879 --> 02:21:07,640
Speaker 1: skulls sitting on the on the table. Where did you

2164
02:21:07,680 --> 02:21:12,360
Speaker 1: get this? All right? Thank thanks so much for coming

2165
02:21:12,400 --> 02:21:14,160
Speaker 1: out man. We've been looking forward to it. Thank you.