WEBVTT - One To Rule Them All 0:00:00.080 --> 0:00:06.080 Yah Welcome to the Hidden Gin, A production of I 0:00:06.240 --> 0:00:30.960 Heart Radio and Grim and Mild from Aaron Mankey. Long 0:00:31.040 --> 0:00:34.640 before man inhabited the earth, it was the exclusive domain 0:00:34.680 --> 0:00:38.839 of the Gin. They lived in societies and communities, had hierarchies, 0:00:38.960 --> 0:00:42.800 kingdoms with kings and queens, tribes with chiefs and ministers, 0:00:43.200 --> 0:00:49.920 and of course ordinary Gin citizenst century Persian polymath Zakaria 0:00:50.040 --> 0:00:53.800 al Kaswini wrote about that time in his Marvelous Home. 0:00:53.880 --> 0:00:59.520 When Cosmology called the Wonders of Creation, it is related 0:00:59.560 --> 0:01:01.560 in that his Trees that a race of Gin in 0:01:01.640 --> 0:01:05.280 ancient times, before the creation of Adam, inhabited the earth 0:01:05.319 --> 0:01:08.080 and covered it the land and the sea, and the 0:01:08.160 --> 0:01:11.039 plains and the mountains, and the favors of God were 0:01:11.120 --> 0:01:14.760 multiplied upon them, and they had government and prophecy, and 0:01:14.840 --> 0:01:19.760 religion and law. But they transgressed and offended, and opposed 0:01:19.800 --> 0:01:24.320 their profits and wickedness to abound in the earth. Whereupon God, 0:01:24.360 --> 0:01:28.080 whose name be exalted, sent against them an army of angels, 0:01:28.319 --> 0:01:30.959 who took possession of the earth and drove away the 0:01:31.040 --> 0:01:33.959 jinns to the regions of the islands, and made many 0:01:34.080 --> 0:01:37.360 of them prisoners. And of those prisoners was as a 0:01:37.440 --> 0:01:41.520 zeal and a slaughter was made among them at that time. 0:01:41.640 --> 0:01:44.280 As a Zeala was young. He grew up among the 0:01:44.319 --> 0:01:47.640 angels and became learned in their knowledge and assumed the 0:01:47.680 --> 0:01:51.320 government of them, and his days were prolonged until he 0:01:51.360 --> 0:01:55.160 became their chief. And thus it continued for a long time. 0:01:57.480 --> 0:02:00.720 This Jin as a zeal not only raised his ranks 0:02:00.760 --> 0:02:04.000 above the gin, ruling over them for a thousand years, 0:02:04.440 --> 0:02:07.440 but he also raised his ranks above the angels themselves. 0:02:08.120 --> 0:02:10.320 It said that he had more knowledge of both the 0:02:10.400 --> 0:02:14.080 seen and unseen realms, was more pious and righteous than 0:02:14.080 --> 0:02:17.359 the angels, and even rose into heaven with them. So 0:02:17.560 --> 0:02:21.560 intense was his devotion to God. There wasn't a place 0:02:21.600 --> 0:02:24.919 on heaven or earth that he had prostrated himself in worship, 0:02:25.360 --> 0:02:28.880 such was his love for the Almighty. But one day 0:02:29.440 --> 0:02:33.480 it all came crashing down. He lost everything, and he 0:02:33.560 --> 0:02:37.440 went from being Azazel, a jin among angels, praised in 0:02:37.440 --> 0:02:40.200 the heavens and earth, to how we know him today, 0:02:40.880 --> 0:02:45.640 despised and feared, condemned to the depths of hell. We 0:02:45.760 --> 0:02:54.800 know him by many names, dozens, Ablis, Mastama, Belzebub, Abadon, Diabolos, Bafa, 0:02:54.840 --> 0:03:01.960 met shadon Sama eel Satan himself, the accuser, the hated, 0:03:02.480 --> 0:03:07.720 the adversary, the great deceiver. That's right, the one that 0:03:07.800 --> 0:03:11.240 rules over the most evil jin the demons, is none 0:03:11.240 --> 0:03:15.680 other than Satan, and all of his deception and treachery 0:03:15.720 --> 0:03:19.760 is reserved for us, mere mortals. My name is Rob 0:03:20.720 --> 0:03:22.720 and I'll be your guide into the world of the 0:03:22.800 --> 0:03:46.720 hidden gin. Welcome. Yeah. Yeah. Every tradition that entertains the 0:03:46.840 --> 0:03:51.080 idea of Satan has for centuries and longer debated whether 0:03:51.200 --> 0:03:54.920 or not Satan is an actual entity. Even in those 0:03:54.920 --> 0:03:58.040 traditions that believe very much in God and angels and prophets, 0:03:58.440 --> 0:04:00.640 there are groups that way how my suh of scripture 0:04:00.760 --> 0:04:04.280 is literal and how much is figurative. For many Sufis, 0:04:04.360 --> 0:04:08.920 those mystics of the Islamic world, Satan personifies evil, but 0:04:09.120 --> 0:04:13.000 may not actually exist as an evil being. Roumi, one 0:04:13.040 --> 0:04:15.480 of the very few Sufi saints and poets known in 0:04:15.520 --> 0:04:19.039 the Western world, viewed Satan as a manifestation of the 0:04:19.120 --> 0:04:23.000 sins of arrogance and envy. To him, Satan, the one 0:04:23.040 --> 0:04:26.960 I devil, represented a half blind intellect that could see 0:04:26.960 --> 0:04:30.160 no further than the surface, unable to see the essence 0:04:30.240 --> 0:04:34.560 within others. Others connected the characteristics of Satan to the 0:04:34.600 --> 0:04:37.920 mechanics of the human psyche, with the angels representing the 0:04:38.000 --> 0:04:42.400 light in us and Satan representing the darkness. But then 0:04:42.560 --> 0:04:45.400 there is no dearth of literature and text, and sincere 0:04:45.440 --> 0:04:48.080 belief that Satan is much more than just an idea 0:04:48.200 --> 0:04:52.239 or a representation of our inner condition, too many. Satan 0:04:52.480 --> 0:04:57.000 was and is very much in existence, just as we are. 0:04:58.279 --> 0:05:02.440 He was born, he lives, and he will die. Satan 0:05:02.480 --> 0:05:06.320 appears in all three of the Abrahamic religions Judaism, Christianity, 0:05:06.360 --> 0:05:10.240 and Islam as a fairly similar figure, someone who took 0:05:10.240 --> 0:05:14.440 a position among angels brilliant and beloved, called Lucifer in 0:05:14.480 --> 0:05:18.360 the Bible, meaning star of the morning. He didn't stay exalted. 0:05:19.680 --> 0:05:22.440 The story of Satan's fall from grace and from heaven itself, 0:05:22.520 --> 0:05:25.160 why he was thrown out of favor with God, why 0:05:25.279 --> 0:05:28.800 he became an eternal enemy to mankind, That part has 0:05:28.839 --> 0:05:33.160 some similarities, but also some interesting differences. According to the 0:05:33.240 --> 0:05:37.280 Jewish Encyclopedia, Semma, l the head of all demons, was 0:05:37.400 --> 0:05:40.400 once a mighty prince of the angels in heaven. He 0:05:40.480 --> 0:05:43.880 was born and will eventually die. He's a celestial being 0:05:43.960 --> 0:05:46.560 that can fly through the air and can assume any 0:05:46.600 --> 0:05:50.360 animal or human form. He's only mentioned by name as 0:05:50.400 --> 0:05:55.520 Hassathan the Satan twice in the entire Hebrew Bible, and 0:05:55.640 --> 0:05:57.480 both times in the Book of Job and the Book 0:05:57.480 --> 0:06:01.000 of Zachariah. He's present as a part a divine counsel 0:06:01.040 --> 0:06:04.040 of sorts a heavenly court, where his role is kind 0:06:04.040 --> 0:06:08.839 of like a public prosecutor. Hence he's the accuser. He 0:06:08.960 --> 0:06:12.800 not only levels charges against those being tried, he urges 0:06:12.839 --> 0:06:17.040 God to meet out the toughest punishments. Beyond these mentions, 0:06:17.160 --> 0:06:19.760 there's not much to be said in the Talmut about Satan, 0:06:20.240 --> 0:06:23.040 and his role is as a figure subservient to God. 0:06:24.040 --> 0:06:26.480 It's a different story altogether with the New Testament, though, 0:06:26.760 --> 0:06:30.320 where Satan really comes into his own, appearing by name 0:06:30.400 --> 0:06:34.159 thirty six times, having grown fully into the evil part 0:06:34.360 --> 0:06:38.360 of the good versus evil dichotomy. Now we have all 0:06:38.440 --> 0:06:42.000 heard of the various temptations of Christ by Satan, but 0:06:42.080 --> 0:06:45.920 it's Satan's early interactions with mankind that really deserve examining, 0:06:46.560 --> 0:06:49.680 because that's where we unearthed the root of his enmity. 0:06:49.720 --> 0:06:56.280 Towards mankind. And in the New Testament that happens when Satan, 0:06:56.360 --> 0:06:58.800 in the guise of a serpent, tempts Adam and Eve 0:06:58.839 --> 0:07:02.360 to eat the forbidden fruit. But that again begs the 0:07:02.440 --> 0:07:06.719 question of why why would he do that? Well? To 0:07:06.760 --> 0:07:09.400 answer it, we have to backtrack just a bit between 0:07:09.400 --> 0:07:12.559 the Old and the New Testament to writings that fell 0:07:12.640 --> 0:07:17.440 in between, and there we find one ancient Jewish apocryphal 0:07:17.480 --> 0:07:21.320 group of writings known as Apocalypse of Moses, in which 0:07:21.360 --> 0:07:24.920 Satan minces no words with Adam and tells him exactly 0:07:24.960 --> 0:07:28.880 what his beef is. What asks Adam of Satan? Have 0:07:29.080 --> 0:07:34.520 I done to you? Oh Adam, all my enmity, jealousy, 0:07:34.600 --> 0:07:37.760 and resentment is towards you, Since on account of you, 0:07:37.920 --> 0:07:41.360 I was expelled and alienated from my glory which I 0:07:41.440 --> 0:07:44.120 had in heaven in the midst of the angels. On 0:07:44.200 --> 0:07:46.840 account of you, I was cast out upon the earth. 0:07:47.400 --> 0:07:50.240 On account of you, I was cast out from heaven. 0:07:51.120 --> 0:07:53.400 When you were formed, I was cast out from the 0:07:53.440 --> 0:07:55.800 face of God and was sent forth from the company 0:07:55.800 --> 0:07:59.840 of angels. The Lord God then said, behold, Adam, I 0:08:00.120 --> 0:08:03.360 made you in our image and likeness, And the Archangel 0:08:03.440 --> 0:08:06.160 Michael called all the angels, saying, worship the image of 0:08:06.160 --> 0:08:08.760 the Lord God, just as the Lord God has commanded. 0:08:09.880 --> 0:08:13.360 Michael himself worshiped. Then he called me and said, worship 0:08:13.400 --> 0:08:17.040 the image of God Jehovah. And I answered, I do 0:08:17.160 --> 0:08:20.120 not have it within me to worship Adam. I will 0:08:20.160 --> 0:08:22.920 not worship him who is lower and posterior to me. 0:08:23.600 --> 0:08:26.600 I am prior to that creature, before he was made. 0:08:26.600 --> 0:08:29.960 I had already been made. He ought to worship me. 0:08:31.720 --> 0:08:35.040 This is the same story that appears nearly a millennia later, 0:08:35.280 --> 0:08:37.680 but this time in the Muslim Holy Scripture the Koran. 0:08:38.440 --> 0:08:41.000 Satan is called by the name Eblis in the Koran, 0:08:41.320 --> 0:08:44.439 and of the eleven times he's mentioned by name, nine 0:08:44.480 --> 0:08:47.960 of them are connected to this incident. When Satan refused 0:08:47.960 --> 0:08:51.560 to bow down to Adam, God says in the Koran, 0:08:53.120 --> 0:08:56.080 we said to the angels, prostrate to Adam. And they 0:08:56.160 --> 0:09:00.560 prostrated except for Ablist. He said, should I austraight to 0:09:00.600 --> 0:09:03.640 one you created from clay? Do you see this one 0:09:03.679 --> 0:09:06.680 whom you have honored above me? If you delay me 0:09:06.760 --> 0:09:09.680 until the day of resurrection, I will surely destroy his 0:09:09.760 --> 0:09:15.000 descendants except for a few. Another story not from the Koran, 0:09:15.120 --> 0:09:18.760 but from the Stages draws this saga out further. It 0:09:18.840 --> 0:09:21.040 says that when God created the form of Adam out 0:09:21.080 --> 0:09:24.040 of clay, but had not yet blown a soul into him, 0:09:24.640 --> 0:09:29.160 a Blize was mystified. He began to observe this lifeless thing, 0:09:29.320 --> 0:09:32.400 just slowly drying out, sitting propped up outside the gates 0:09:32.400 --> 0:09:35.120 of the Garden of Eden, and he started to suspect 0:09:35.400 --> 0:09:38.920 that it was just a hollow form. So it Belize 0:09:38.960 --> 0:09:42.200 started throwing pebbles at Adam, and he heard a hollow clink. 0:09:43.120 --> 0:09:45.680 What the heck? What was this creature? He had never 0:09:45.679 --> 0:09:49.000 seen anything like it. He wanted to get a closer 0:09:49.040 --> 0:09:51.720 look at the first human who lay there, quiet and 0:09:51.800 --> 0:09:56.960 still lifeless. Yet, so it Blize entered the drawing clay form, 0:09:57.040 --> 0:09:59.760 swimming through the body of this new creation, and low 0:09:59.800 --> 0:10:03.319 and behold there was nothing on the inside. It was 0:10:03.360 --> 0:10:09.040 completely empty. That for sure didn't impress Satan no way, 0:10:09.200 --> 0:10:12.720 Nohow was the Belize going to bow down to this muddy, hollow, dumb, 0:10:12.760 --> 0:10:17.120 powerless thing when he himself was powerful, made out a fire, 0:10:17.240 --> 0:10:20.000 could travel through the heavens and the earth, knew everything 0:10:20.040 --> 0:10:23.120 there was to know in all of the realms. And 0:10:23.160 --> 0:10:27.000 it was this arrogance, this clear disobedience to God, that 0:10:27.120 --> 0:10:30.679 was his downfall. But he wasn't going to go down alone. 0:10:31.720 --> 0:10:34.920 If he would lose Paradise, so would Adam, and so 0:10:35.000 --> 0:10:47.760 would the children of Adam now and forever. How are 0:10:47.800 --> 0:10:50.680 you fallen from heaven, o, Lucifer, son of the Morning 0:10:51.800 --> 0:10:54.080 How are you cut down to the ground, you who 0:10:54.120 --> 0:10:56.800 weakened the nation's For you have said in your heart, 0:10:57.120 --> 0:10:59.959 I will ascend into heaven. I will exalt my throne 0:11:00.080 --> 0:11:02.800 above the stars of God. I will also sit on 0:11:02.840 --> 0:11:05.400 the mount of the congregation, on the farthest sides of 0:11:05.440 --> 0:11:08.720 the north. I will ascend above the heights of the cloud. 0:11:09.160 --> 0:11:12.520 I will be like the most high. Yet you shall 0:11:12.559 --> 0:11:15.920 be brought down to shield, to the lowest depths of 0:11:15.960 --> 0:11:21.160 the pit. God was not having Lucifer's arrogance, as we 0:11:21.200 --> 0:11:24.000 can see in this passage from Isaiah, and a new 0:11:24.080 --> 0:11:27.000 chapter was about to begin for him. He would be 0:11:27.000 --> 0:11:31.480 reborn from Lucifer the Morning Star to Satan the Despised. 0:11:32.400 --> 0:11:35.520 In Islamic theology, he went from being ablist he who 0:11:35.600 --> 0:11:41.200 has despaired, to Satan the adversary Shathon or Satan now 0:11:41.240 --> 0:11:45.240 fully humiliated, was ready to leave heaven, but first he 0:11:45.360 --> 0:11:49.440 had one rather important request. Satan asked God to be 0:11:49.480 --> 0:11:52.520 given until the end of time to show God that, hey, 0:11:52.559 --> 0:11:55.600 this claymation thing you think is so great, it isn't. 0:11:55.960 --> 0:11:59.480 It's weak, it's limited, it's stupid. It won't be good 0:11:59.559 --> 0:12:01.680 and right and pure the way you want it to be. 0:12:02.400 --> 0:12:05.520 It will be corrupt and greedy and jealous and violent 0:12:05.600 --> 0:12:08.800 and bloodthirsty. And I will prove it to you by 0:12:08.800 --> 0:12:11.840 spending the rest of my days pulling it away from 0:12:11.880 --> 0:12:16.520 everything good towards everything wrong. I'll prove to you that 0:12:16.720 --> 0:12:21.040 you were wrong. So Satan raises the challenge to God, 0:12:22.080 --> 0:12:24.680 because thou hast thrown me out of the way low, 0:12:25.160 --> 0:12:27.880 I will lie in wait for them on thy straight way. 0:12:28.000 --> 0:12:31.000 Then I will assault them from before them and behind them, 0:12:31.040 --> 0:12:35.520 from their right and their left. And God responded, get 0:12:35.559 --> 0:12:38.760 out from here, be gone with you, disgraced and expelled. 0:12:39.440 --> 0:12:42.319 If any of them follow thee, I will fill hell 0:12:42.440 --> 0:12:45.800 with you all tempt with your call, all whom you wish, 0:12:46.320 --> 0:12:49.240 muster against them, all your forces, your cavalry, and your 0:12:49.240 --> 0:12:53.199 foot soldiers, share with them riches and offspring, and seduce 0:12:53.280 --> 0:12:59.680 them with rosy promises. Satan's promise is nothing but a deception. Still, 0:12:59.760 --> 0:13:02.760 God granted Staton a stay of execution if you will. 0:13:03.679 --> 0:13:05.240 He gave him all the time in the world to 0:13:05.240 --> 0:13:07.280 see what kind of havoc he could wreak, and ever 0:13:07.320 --> 0:13:10.960 since then it's been on. Satan began his assault on 0:13:11.000 --> 0:13:14.320 mankind early in the game by deceiving Adam and Eve 0:13:14.360 --> 0:13:17.840 in the Garden of Eden. While the Christian tradition relates 0:13:17.840 --> 0:13:20.280 that Satan entered the garden in the form of a snake, 0:13:20.800 --> 0:13:24.680 the Muslim tradition differs a bit slightly. According to it, 0:13:24.880 --> 0:13:27.520 Satan approached a number of animals that lived in the garden, 0:13:27.960 --> 0:13:29.840 trying to get any of them on board to work 0:13:29.840 --> 0:13:32.520 with him, and all of them refused except for one, 0:13:33.000 --> 0:13:36.880 a serpent. So he told the serpent, I'll protect you 0:13:36.920 --> 0:13:39.120 from the children of Adam. If you can get me 0:13:39.160 --> 0:13:43.360 into the garden, you'll be protected forever from them, and 0:13:43.400 --> 0:13:47.320 so she agreed. She smuggled Satan into the garden tucked 0:13:47.360 --> 0:13:51.040 between her two front fangs, and as they casually idled 0:13:51.080 --> 0:13:54.320 by the original power couple, Satan heard Adam tell Eve 0:13:54.880 --> 0:13:57.640 that man he wished they could live forever and not 0:13:57.720 --> 0:14:02.960 have to die. That was Satan's in Now he knew 0:14:03.080 --> 0:14:06.320 what Adam's weakness was, and he knew exactly what to 0:14:06.320 --> 0:14:08.600 promise him in order to get both of these humans 0:14:08.600 --> 0:14:12.280 to disobey God. If you remember, they basically had the 0:14:12.400 --> 0:14:15.840 entire garden at the disposal except for a single tree. 0:14:16.320 --> 0:14:18.960 And so it was that tree hissed Satan to Adam 0:14:19.000 --> 0:14:23.120 and Eve that bore the fruit that would give them immortality. 0:14:23.760 --> 0:14:27.040 We all know how that story ends. Satan succeeded, gaining 0:14:27.080 --> 0:14:29.560 an early lead on mankind right out of the gate. 0:14:30.560 --> 0:14:33.800 After all, if Satan couldn't have the garden, no one would. 0:14:35.400 --> 0:14:37.800 Now when Satan was cast out, he had enough foresight 0:14:37.880 --> 0:14:39.440 to know if he was going to wage and never 0:14:39.560 --> 0:14:43.520 ending war against mankind, he needed some backup. In the 0:14:43.560 --> 0:14:47.480 Book of Jubilees, another ancient Jewish text, Satan says to 0:14:47.520 --> 0:14:50.400 God referring to angels, he was used to hanging out 0:14:50.440 --> 0:14:54.160 with Lord Creator. Let some of them remain before me, 0:14:54.400 --> 0:14:56.560 and let them park into my voice and do all 0:14:56.600 --> 0:14:59.080 that I shall say into them. For some of them 0:14:59.080 --> 0:15:00.760 are not left to me. I shall not be able 0:15:00.760 --> 0:15:02.640 to execute the power of my will on the sons 0:15:02.680 --> 0:15:06.480 of men. For these are for corruption and leading astray, 0:15:06.520 --> 0:15:09.080 for great is the wickedness of the sons of men. 0:15:14.280 --> 0:15:17.120 According to the Book of Revelation, Satan took one third 0:15:17.160 --> 0:15:19.560 of the angels with him in his fall. He gathered 0:15:19.600 --> 0:15:23.360 together those angels and armies of Gin together to become 0:15:23.400 --> 0:15:26.520 his legion of demons, whose sole purpose is to do 0:15:26.640 --> 0:15:30.760 his bidding. Along with their master, these jinn were also 0:15:30.840 --> 0:15:34.560 given an extra lease on life. They would live until 0:15:34.640 --> 0:15:38.360 Judgment Day, when everything on this earth perishes, and they 0:15:38.360 --> 0:15:43.520 would only die when their leader did. Now Irish Lord, however, 0:15:43.560 --> 0:15:45.760 says that not all those who were cast out of 0:15:45.760 --> 0:15:49.720 heaven with Lucifer became demons. Instead, they believe some of 0:15:49.720 --> 0:15:53.920 the fallen angels became fairies. The book The Vengeful Jin 0:15:54.040 --> 0:15:59.440 recounts the story documented by Celtic folklorist Alexander Carmichael and 0:15:59.520 --> 0:16:03.200 October of eighteen seventy one, Carmichael found himself stuck on 0:16:03.200 --> 0:16:06.080 the Scottish isle of Barra, where he met a ninety 0:16:06.120 --> 0:16:10.560 two year old storyteller named Roderick McNeil. McNeil was a 0:16:10.640 --> 0:16:13.640 legend himself, known to never have worn shoes in his life, 0:16:13.760 --> 0:16:16.120 he had never fallen ill, and he had the climbing 0:16:16.160 --> 0:16:20.320 skills of a goat. Even in his advanced age, McNeil 0:16:20.400 --> 0:16:24.400 regaled the stranded Carmichael with local fairy tales. But here, 0:16:24.680 --> 0:16:29.560 he said, is how it all began. The proud Angel 0:16:29.600 --> 0:16:32.280 fomented a rebellion among the angels of Heaven, where he 0:16:32.320 --> 0:16:35.200 had been a leading light. He declared that he would 0:16:35.200 --> 0:16:38.040 go out and found a kingdom of his own. When 0:16:38.040 --> 0:16:40.280 going out at the door of Heaven, the proud Angel 0:16:40.320 --> 0:16:43.800 brought prickly and biting lightning out the doorstep with his heels. 0:16:44.400 --> 0:16:47.520 Many angels followed him, so many that at last a 0:16:47.600 --> 0:16:50.640 son called out, Father, Father, the city is being emptied, 0:16:51.200 --> 0:16:53.960 whereupon the Father ordered the gates of Heaven and Hell 0:16:54.160 --> 0:16:57.440 to be closed. This was instantly done, and those who 0:16:57.480 --> 0:17:00.440 were in were in, and those who were out were out. 0:17:01.440 --> 0:17:03.720 While the hosts who had left Heaven and had not 0:17:03.800 --> 0:17:06.600 reached Hell, they flew into the holes of the earth. 0:17:07.400 --> 0:17:10.920 These are the fairy folk, ever since, doomed to live 0:17:11.000 --> 0:17:14.360 under the ground, and only permitted to emerge when and 0:17:14.400 --> 0:17:19.800 where the King of Heaven permits. The parallels between this lord, 0:17:19.960 --> 0:17:24.040 Christian belief and muslutricition is pretty strong, and perhaps one 0:17:24.119 --> 0:17:27.399 main point of difference is this was a belief or 0:17:27.480 --> 0:17:30.399 Lucifer as he was known, an angel himself, or was 0:17:30.440 --> 0:17:33.240 he a gin that elevated himself to the level of angels. 0:17:34.160 --> 0:17:37.359 Christian belief is strongly in the angel camp, but Muslim 0:17:37.359 --> 0:17:41.400 scholars are conflicted about it. There are strong scriptural arguments 0:17:41.440 --> 0:17:43.600 to be made that he was an angel, but just 0:17:43.720 --> 0:17:46.000 as strong are the arguments that he was and is 0:17:46.160 --> 0:17:49.560 a gin on some level, though it doesn't really matter. 0:17:50.160 --> 0:17:52.959 What matters is his role after the fall from grace 0:17:53.800 --> 0:17:57.560 that Satan became master over the demons, the most evil Jin, 0:17:58.200 --> 0:18:03.400 and to this day he remains oh. Some traditions say 0:18:03.440 --> 0:18:06.320 after his victory over Adam and Eve he married the 0:18:06.400 --> 0:18:08.760 snake that had assisted him, and they went on to 0:18:08.800 --> 0:18:11.480 have many demon children, and the names of the most 0:18:11.520 --> 0:18:14.920 powerful of his sons, including the seven Jin Kings, are 0:18:14.960 --> 0:18:19.480 well known. There's Alower, the one eyed demon, whose wheelhouse 0:18:19.600 --> 0:18:23.639 is tempting humans to lud and vulgar behavior. Then their suit, 0:18:24.040 --> 0:18:27.679 the father of lies, and closely related in purpose is 0:18:27.720 --> 0:18:30.919 his brother is a lumber whose domain is dishonesty and 0:18:31.000 --> 0:18:35.439 corruption in business. There's Dust him, whose only purpose is 0:18:35.480 --> 0:18:38.200 to ruin marriages by turning a couple against each other. 0:18:39.240 --> 0:18:41.919 There's Tear, who is in charge of striking people with 0:18:42.040 --> 0:18:47.080 disaster and injury. And finally there's Danish, the most powerful 0:18:47.119 --> 0:18:50.600 of all of Satan's sons, who lives in every dark void, 0:18:51.040 --> 0:18:54.760 attacks his victims with blindness, and even lurks inside the 0:18:54.840 --> 0:18:59.560 dark wombs of women ready to cosmos carriages. Along with 0:18:59.600 --> 0:19:02.800 these powerful demon sons, carrying forth his royal line as 0:19:02.800 --> 0:19:05.800 the Prince of Darkness, are hundreds of thousands of less 0:19:05.800 --> 0:19:09.840 significant offspring. It said that Satan laid thirty eggs after 0:19:09.880 --> 0:19:13.159 being expelled from heaven, ten in the west, ten in 0:19:13.160 --> 0:19:14.920 the east, and ten in the middle of the earth. 0:19:15.920 --> 0:19:19.040 From every egg, a new race of demons and gin emerged, 0:19:19.520 --> 0:19:24.159 like the ghouls, poisonous scorpions, terrifying nightbirds, venomous snakes, and 0:19:24.240 --> 0:19:29.480 other creatures, each of them an enemy to mankind. Satan's seed, 0:19:29.520 --> 0:19:32.880 if you will, is spread far and wide, and while 0:19:32.920 --> 0:19:35.359 he has, like other jin, the ability to move between 0:19:35.359 --> 0:19:39.160 the mortal and unseen world, he primarily lords over them 0:19:39.200 --> 0:19:42.600 all from his very own kingdom. It said that he 0:19:42.680 --> 0:19:45.440 presides in a huge palace that sits over a body 0:19:45.480 --> 0:19:49.320 of water, guarded by tens of thousands of gin where 0:19:49.320 --> 0:19:52.720 he holds court and presumably where he lives with his big, 0:19:52.880 --> 0:19:56.879 terrifying evil family, And that palace is exactly where you 0:19:56.920 --> 0:20:00.320 think it would be in the lowest depths of Hell. 0:20:06.720 --> 0:20:10.160 Theologians have argued for millennia about Hell, just like they 0:20:10.160 --> 0:20:13.399 have about Heaven, especially about whether it's a literal or 0:20:13.480 --> 0:20:17.480 figurative place. Maybe we're already in Hell, having been kicked 0:20:17.480 --> 0:20:20.280 at of paradise. Maybe Hell is all in our minds. 0:20:20.320 --> 0:20:24.040 It's our fear and terror and despair, and maybe, just 0:20:24.160 --> 0:20:26.760 maybe it's as real a place as the planet Earth. 0:20:27.840 --> 0:20:31.080 Regardless of the majority of the major world religions entertained 0:20:31.119 --> 0:20:33.919 the concept of Hell or very much believe in it 0:20:33.960 --> 0:20:37.760 as an actual place, and in nearly all versions, Hell 0:20:37.880 --> 0:20:42.840 is a place of fire. Fire, no doubt, strikes terror 0:20:43.000 --> 0:20:47.720 in all humans, whether a punishment or a purification. Fire, 0:20:47.800 --> 0:20:51.920 when we aren't able to control it, inspires fear, causes pain, 0:20:52.600 --> 0:20:55.520 and in the end leaves us as nothing but ashes. 0:20:56.480 --> 0:20:59.360 But also fire can be a means to an end, 0:21:00.080 --> 0:21:02.880 a trial that we are willing to face, a sacrificial 0:21:02.920 --> 0:21:07.240 device to get what we want. And thousands of years ago, 0:21:07.400 --> 0:21:11.320 the cult of an ancient God understood that the Ammonite 0:21:11.359 --> 0:21:15.439 deity Moloch meaning King, was a terrifying god worshiped by 0:21:15.480 --> 0:21:20.560 the Canaanites, terrifying because the only sacrifice that appeased him 0:21:20.840 --> 0:21:25.359 were children. Molok is sometimes depicted as having the body 0:21:25.400 --> 0:21:27.639 of a man in the head of a bull, although 0:21:27.760 --> 0:21:31.840 no such descriptions actually exist from that time, but rabbinic 0:21:31.880 --> 0:21:34.720 texts do describe the deity as being made of bronze 0:21:34.880 --> 0:21:39.359 and hollow, with seven compartments. Some have said that Molok 0:21:39.440 --> 0:21:41.800 was a demon that humans made into a pagan god, 0:21:42.400 --> 0:21:45.199 but not just any demon, one of the princes of 0:21:45.200 --> 0:21:50.720 the underworld. In fact, Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost describes 0:21:50.800 --> 0:21:54.000 Molok as one of the chiefs of Satan's Jin's, a 0:21:54.080 --> 0:21:56.720 great demon warrior that even delivered a speech in the 0:21:56.800 --> 0:22:00.399 parliament of Hell, who was then transformed into a deity 0:22:00.760 --> 0:22:05.240 by mankind. The pagan priests made their offerings to Moloch, 0:22:05.320 --> 0:22:09.400 and each of these compartments. In the first they put flower, 0:22:09.840 --> 0:22:13.399 in the second, turtle doves, and the third, a you. 0:22:14.359 --> 0:22:18.119 In the fourth, a ram in the fifth, a calf 0:22:19.000 --> 0:22:23.359 in the sixth and ox, and in the seventh a child. 0:22:24.200 --> 0:22:28.159 Molok was an insatiable god, devouring everything that was offered 0:22:28.200 --> 0:22:31.760 to him. It said that the massive bronze Idol was 0:22:31.800 --> 0:22:35.000 built with arms that pointed into the sky, palms upward, 0:22:35.520 --> 0:22:38.320 and that whatever was placed into the palms rolled down 0:22:38.359 --> 0:22:41.480 into his open mouth and into the hollow belly, where 0:22:41.480 --> 0:22:46.400 a fire burned day and night. The worshippers offered children 0:22:46.400 --> 0:22:49.720 and babies into Molok's flames to ward off destruction or 0:22:49.840 --> 0:22:53.440 ensure prosperity. In a ritual. The twelfth century Rabbi Rashi 0:22:53.560 --> 0:22:58.520 described this way, and they heeded him from his lower parts, 0:22:58.640 --> 0:23:01.680 and his hands being stretched out and made hot. They 0:23:01.720 --> 0:23:04.119 put the child between his hands, and it was burnt 0:23:04.320 --> 0:23:07.680 when it vehemently cried out. But the priests beat a 0:23:07.760 --> 0:23:09.960 drum that the father might not hear the voice of 0:23:10.000 --> 0:23:15.800 his own son, and that his heart might not be moved. Oftentimes, 0:23:15.800 --> 0:23:18.280 the children had been bought from poor families, and if 0:23:18.320 --> 0:23:21.720 the parents shed a single tear during the sacrifice, the 0:23:21.920 --> 0:23:25.600 entire ritual would be null and void. The sacrifice wouldn't 0:23:25.640 --> 0:23:28.080 be accepted, and they would have to return the money, 0:23:28.320 --> 0:23:32.040 and their child would still be dead. Now, the God 0:23:32.080 --> 0:23:34.199 of the Israelites was having none of it, which is 0:23:34.240 --> 0:23:37.880 why he thunders in Leviticus, and thou shalt not let 0:23:37.920 --> 0:23:41.000 any of thy seed pass through the fire to Molick. 0:23:41.720 --> 0:23:45.159 Neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God. I 0:23:45.160 --> 0:23:49.720 am the Lord. The Hebrew Bible also names the place 0:23:49.720 --> 0:23:54.520 where these sacrifices were made in the Book of Jeremiah. 0:23:54.840 --> 0:23:57.680 And they built up the high places of ball, which 0:23:57.680 --> 0:24:00.359 are in the valley of the sons of Hainom, to 0:24:00.480 --> 0:24:03.000 cause their sons and daughters to pass through the fire 0:24:03.160 --> 0:24:08.840 onto Moloch, which I commanded them. Not that valley where 0:24:08.840 --> 0:24:13.480 thousands of children were burned in sacrifice is found in Jerusalem, 0:24:13.520 --> 0:24:16.520 and it's known by the name of Gehenna or Gehennum. 0:24:17.440 --> 0:24:20.200 But Gehennum is not just that physical place, that valley 0:24:20.240 --> 0:24:24.200 in Jerusalem. In Judaism, the word Gahnum is also used 0:24:24.240 --> 0:24:27.400 to describe the place of torment reserved for the wicked 0:24:27.480 --> 0:24:31.360 after death, and the New Testament used the Greek form Gehenna, 0:24:31.760 --> 0:24:35.439 mentioned twelve times in the same sense, and in the 0:24:35.520 --> 0:24:38.960 Islamic religion, the name of the place of eternal damnation 0:24:39.080 --> 0:24:42.600 is mentioned dozens and dozens of times in scripture and 0:24:42.680 --> 0:24:52.960 prophetic traditions, is called Jehannum. No horrifying detail is spared 0:24:53.000 --> 0:24:56.840 throughout these traditions and describing this place of everlasting punishment. 0:24:57.680 --> 0:25:00.560 The second century Apocalypse of Peter tell us that in 0:25:00.640 --> 0:25:03.680 Hell those who blaspheme the name of the Lord are 0:25:03.680 --> 0:25:07.960 suspended by their tongues over flaming lake. Murder victims get 0:25:07.960 --> 0:25:12.119 to witness the endless torment and torture of their murderers, 0:25:12.119 --> 0:25:14.760 and those who slander others have their eyes burned out 0:25:14.760 --> 0:25:18.560 by hot irons. The New Testament describes Hell as a 0:25:18.560 --> 0:25:21.960 place of no escape, a second, unending death for those 0:25:21.960 --> 0:25:24.639 trapped in it, where the worm does not die, and 0:25:24.680 --> 0:25:27.320 the fire is not quenched, and the smoke of the 0:25:27.320 --> 0:25:30.399 tormented goes up forever and ever, and they have no 0:25:30.600 --> 0:25:34.760 rest day and night. And the Islamic sources go even 0:25:34.760 --> 0:25:38.000 further in details, describing a place where the suffering is 0:25:38.040 --> 0:25:42.240 both physical and spiritual, where sufferers are covered in blazing 0:25:42.320 --> 0:25:46.720