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Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, we're rerunning two episodes today. Enjoy the show.

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Speaker 1: Welcome to this day in History class, where we bring

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Speaker 1: you a new tidbit from history every day. The day

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Speaker 1: was May fifteen, ninety Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse and Minnie

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Speaker 1: Mouse made their public debut in a test screaming of

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Speaker 1: the silent cartoon playing Crazy. The animated short could not

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Speaker 1: find a distributor, but it would not take long before

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Speaker 1: Mickey Mouse would capture the attention of thousands of children

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Speaker 1: and adults alike. In Walt Disney began his first series

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Speaker 1: of fully animated films. Disney and animator of I Works

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Speaker 1: had been working on the Alice Comedies, a series of

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Speaker 1: animated cartoons that featured a live action girl named Alice

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Speaker 1: and an animal made it cat named Julius. But these

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Speaker 1: cartoons were expensive and had a lot of technical limitations,

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Speaker 1: so Disney's distributor, Charles Mints, told Disney and Eye Works

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Speaker 1: to create a character for Universal Studios, which was looking

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Speaker 1: to return to the animation business. Soon, a deal was

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Speaker 1: struck with Universal for twenty six animated shorts. These shorts

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Speaker 1: would feature Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, designed by Disney and

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Speaker 1: animator of Eye Works. The series of Oswald the Lucky

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Speaker 1: Rabbit shorts performed well, but in nine when Mint said

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Speaker 1: he was going to cut Disney's budget, Disney refused to

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Speaker 1: agree to the cuts. A lot of Disney's animators left

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Speaker 1: to go to work with Mints, but of Iye Works,

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Speaker 1: Les Clark and a few other animators stayed with Disney.

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Speaker 1: Since Mint's retained the rights to Oswald, Disney and I

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Speaker 1: Works set to work on creating a new cartoon character

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Speaker 1: to replace the Rabbit that they would have the rights to.

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Speaker 1: The character that they came up with was Mickey Mouse,

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Speaker 1: though his original name was Mortimer Mouse. Mickey Mouse and

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Speaker 1: Minnie Mouse first appeared in the silent short Plane Crazy

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Speaker 1: and Playing Crazy. Mickey Mouse tries to fly an airplane

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Speaker 1: to imitate aviator Charles Lindbergh. Mickey convinces Mini Mouse to

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Speaker 1: join him in a flight, during which time Mickey makes

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Speaker 1: several attempts to kiss Many Many rejects his advances, and

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Speaker 1: she eventually parachutes out of the plane using her bloomers.

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Speaker 1: The short was made for about one thousand, seven hundred

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Speaker 1: and seventy two dollars and animated by a Bye Works

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Speaker 1: and on May fifteenth night, the six minutes silent short

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Speaker 1: Plane Crazy was shown at a test screaming in Hollywood,

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Speaker 1: but the cartoon was not received well by audiences and

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Speaker 1: no distributors wanted it. The next Mickey short that was produced,

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Speaker 1: The Gallop and Gaucho, had the same fate, but the

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Speaker 1: next film, Steamboat Willie, was a success and the almost

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Speaker 1: eight minute short Mickey pretends to pilot a steamboat when

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Speaker 1: the real captain of the boat confronts him, leading to

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Speaker 1: antics involving Minie Mouse, a parrot, and a musical number.

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Speaker 1: It was the first Mickey Mouse film to be released,

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Speaker 1: and it was one of the first cartoons that used

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Speaker 1: synchronized music in sound effects. Steamboat Willie premiered at the

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Speaker 1: Colony Theater in New York on November eight nine. Audiences

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Speaker 1: loved the characters and were impressed by the synchronized sound,

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Speaker 1: and two weeks after Steamboat Willie premiered, it was rereleased

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Speaker 1: at the Roxy Theater in New York City. After Steamboat

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Speaker 1: Willie and Mickey's sound cartoons proved successful, Playing Crazy was

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Speaker 1: released with sound in nineteen nine. So even though Playing

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Speaker 1: Crazy was the first Mickey Mouse cartoon produced. It was

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Speaker 1: the fourth to be released. Mickey Mouse went on to

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Speaker 1: start in several other films, and Disney ramped up promotion

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Speaker 1: and merchandise for the cartoon. Mickey Mouse Clubs, fan clubs

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Speaker 1: for the popular animated character in cartoons, sprung up around

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Speaker 1: the United States eights. An article in the October issue

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Speaker 1: of the Los Angeles Times set the following Mickey Mouse

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Speaker 1: is one of the very few cartoon stars to have

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Speaker 1: his name featured by theaters on almost an equal basis

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Speaker 1: with the feature screen attraction. Even though the Hollywood test

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Speaker 1: screaming of Playing Crazy was technically Mickey's first public appearance,

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Speaker 1: November eighteen is considered Mickey's official birthday. I'm Eaves, Jeffcote

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Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today

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Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. Get more Notes from History on Twitter, Instagram,

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Speaker 1: and Facebook at T D i h C podcast Come

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Speaker 1: back tomorrow for another ticket from History. Hey y'all, I'm Eves,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to this stand History Class, a podcast for

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Speaker 1: people who can never know enough about history. The day

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Speaker 1: was May fifteenth, nineteen o three. Mathematician and archaeologist Maria

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Speaker 1: Reischa was born in Dresden, Germany. Preissha was dedicated to

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Speaker 1: studying the Nosca Lines, and she became known as the

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Speaker 1: Lady of the Lines. The Noscal Lines are a group

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Speaker 1: of designs etched into the Earth and southern Peru. Risha

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Speaker 1: grew up in Germany and went to university. There. She

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Speaker 1: studied math, geography, and astronomy and learned to speak five languages.

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Speaker 1: But in nineteen thirty two, as the Nazis rose in power,

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Speaker 1: she moved from Germany to Peru. There, Risha became interested

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Speaker 1: in the culture and history of the country. In ninety seven,

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Speaker 1: not long before Risha arrived in Peru, a Peruvian archaeologist

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Speaker 1: came across the Noscal Lines and reported on them. The

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Speaker 1: Noscalons are a group of geoglyphs, or large design lines

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Speaker 1: created on the surface of the Earth. Many of them

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Speaker 1: are believed to have been created more than two thousand

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Speaker 1: years ago. As more people began flying over the area

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Speaker 1: in the nineteen thirties, the Nascar Lines became better known,

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Speaker 1: and Risha became interested in them. At the same time,

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Speaker 1: American historian Paul Kozak was photographing and studying the lines.

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Speaker 1: Raisha began to work with Kozak, and she began studying

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Speaker 1: the lines extensively. She visited them, flew over them, and

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Speaker 1: began mapping them. She realized that they formed hundreds of

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Speaker 1: huge images like that of a monkey, a hummingbird, a spider,

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Speaker 1: and other abstract designs. Kozak thought that the lines might

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Speaker 1: be irrigation ditches, but they were too shallow to be

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Speaker 1: used for that purpose. After Kozak left Peru, Raisha continued

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Speaker 1: to study the lines. Raisha theorized that the NASCAR lines

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Speaker 1: were part of an astronomical calendar, and she published her

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Speaker 1: theories in the book The Mystery on the Desert in

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Speaker 1: nineteen forty nine. She suggested they were used to help

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Speaker 1: determine went to plant and arrogate crops, but this theory

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Speaker 1: was not widely accepted. Still, the NASCAR lines began to

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Speaker 1: get attention from researchers around the world. The lines also

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Speaker 1: began to attract more tourist attention. Risha began to be

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Speaker 1: recognized as a keeper of the lines. She worked to

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Speaker 1: preserve the lines and used a broom to sweep the desert,

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Speaker 1: removing the gravel that was filling in the lines. She

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Speaker 1: used so many brooms that rumors circulated among the locals

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Speaker 1: that she was a witch. She paid guards to protect

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Speaker 1: the lines with money she earned from her book. The

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Speaker 1: Pan American Highway cut through the lines, but Risha got

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Speaker 1: the Peruvian government to limit access to the area and

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Speaker 1: build a watch tower so people could safely view them.

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Speaker 1: The NASCAR Lines were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site

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Speaker 1: in Rasha lived in a tourist hotel in Nasca for

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Speaker 1: the last twenty five years of her life, and she

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Speaker 1: continued to give lectures on the lines until she died.

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Speaker 1: After her death, her home in Nasca was turned into

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Speaker 1: a museum. The true purpose behind the lines is still

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Speaker 1: a mystery. I'm Eve Jeff Code and hopefully you know

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Speaker 1: a little more about history today and you did yesterday.

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Speaker 1: And if you have any comments are suggestions, you can

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Speaker 1: send them to us at this day at i heart

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Speaker 1: media dot com. If you want to hit us up

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Speaker 1: on social media, we're at t D I h C

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Speaker 1: Podcast on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Thanks so much for

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Speaker 1: listening to the show and we'll see you tomorrow. For

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