1 00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:03,760 Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, we're going on tour in eighteen, and where 2 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,320 Speaker 1: are we going? On April four, we're going to be 3 00:00:06,320 --> 00:00:08,600 Speaker 1: in Boston at the Wilburg. You can get tickets at 4 00:00:08,640 --> 00:00:11,600 Speaker 1: the Wilber dot com, Chuck. And then on April five, 5 00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:13,800 Speaker 1: we're gonna be in d C at the Lincoln Theater 6 00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:15,640 Speaker 1: and you can get tickets for that at ticket fly 7 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:17,680 Speaker 1: that's right. And then we're going to two new cities, 8 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:20,920 Speaker 1: right yep. On May we're gonna be in St. Louis. 9 00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:23,480 Speaker 1: You can get tickets on ticket Master. And on May 10 00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:25,640 Speaker 1: twenty three, we're gonna be in Cleveland and you can 11 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:28,120 Speaker 1: get tickets there at playhouse Square dot org. And then 12 00:00:28,120 --> 00:00:30,159 Speaker 1: there's one more, Chuck, that's right. We're gonna wrap it 13 00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:34,160 Speaker 1: up in Denver, specifically Inglewood, Colorado at the Gothic Theater 14 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:37,560 Speaker 1: on June and possibly adding a show on the twenty seven. 15 00:00:37,640 --> 00:00:39,760 Speaker 1: Stay tuned for that, yep. And you can get ticks 16 00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:42,680 Speaker 1: at a x S dot com. So come see us live. 17 00:00:43,159 --> 00:00:47,000 Speaker 1: We'll have a good time. Come on out. Welcome to 18 00:00:47,400 --> 00:00:57,080 Speaker 1: Stuff you should know from House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, 19 00:00:57,480 --> 00:01:02,120 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm josh Ark. There's Charles W. Chuck. Bryant. 20 00:01:02,480 --> 00:01:06,959 Speaker 1: There's Jerry over there. We're all wearing togas, which makes 21 00:01:06,959 --> 00:01:11,960 Speaker 1: this stuff. You should know, the Ancient Roman edition or 22 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:16,560 Speaker 1: the Animal House edition. Yeah, it could be. I'm blueto. 23 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:22,000 Speaker 1: I just saw that that movie, that Netflix movie about 24 00:01:22,200 --> 00:01:26,320 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, Doug Kenny and then Lampoon. Is it good? Well, 25 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:32,759 Speaker 1: the documentary is better? Oh is this like a biopic? Uh? Yeah, 26 00:01:32,800 --> 00:01:36,960 Speaker 1: I mean yeah, it's a movie movie. I got you. Yeah, 27 00:01:36,959 --> 00:01:40,679 Speaker 1: I judge my UM. What I watch on Netflix just 28 00:01:40,760 --> 00:01:43,920 Speaker 1: based on like the illustration or the drawing or the art. 29 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:46,920 Speaker 1: And sometimes that's a good rule of thumb, in other 30 00:01:46,959 --> 00:01:49,400 Speaker 1: times it's not. But that one I kind of avoided 31 00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:52,520 Speaker 1: it because of the art. Yeah, I mean it's not great. 32 00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:55,560 Speaker 1: I kind of enjoyed it because I like all the 33 00:01:55,600 --> 00:01:58,760 Speaker 1: people and it's kind of fun seeing someone be Bill 34 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:01,320 Speaker 1: Murray and someone beach I E. Chase and John Belushi 35 00:02:01,840 --> 00:02:03,840 Speaker 1: in a little bit of the making of Animal House 36 00:02:03,880 --> 00:02:07,040 Speaker 1: and Caddyshack. But ultimately the documentary is much better. What's 37 00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:12,720 Speaker 1: the name of the documentary, um a drunk, stoned, brilliant dead, 38 00:02:13,000 --> 00:02:15,359 Speaker 1: or some combination of those words. I'm not sure I've 39 00:02:15,400 --> 00:02:18,639 Speaker 1: come across that. Yeah, that's that's really good, but brilliant 40 00:02:18,680 --> 00:02:22,040 Speaker 1: and feudal gesture. Feudal and stupid gesture. Yeah, that's right, 41 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:27,040 Speaker 1: is uh? I give it two stars. I don't know 42 00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:30,120 Speaker 1: how out of how many, though, I've just been steady 43 00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:33,720 Speaker 1: consuming Riff tracks as fast as they'll clear him on 44 00:02:33,760 --> 00:02:38,400 Speaker 1: Amazon Prime. Really, yeah, that stuff never gets old. It 45 00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:42,720 Speaker 1: really doesn't. It really really doesn't. All right, Chuck. Now 46 00:02:42,760 --> 00:02:46,200 Speaker 1: that we've gotten our initial tangent a k a. The 47 00:02:46,280 --> 00:02:51,320 Speaker 1: introduction out of the way recommended viewing, right, Um, let's 48 00:02:51,360 --> 00:02:56,480 Speaker 1: talk POMPEII. Yeah, because I mean that's what we're doing today. 49 00:02:56,480 --> 00:03:00,560 Speaker 1: And frankly, it's two thousand and eighteen. We been doing 50 00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:03,320 Speaker 1: this for almost a decade. Now we're coming up on 51 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:07,240 Speaker 1: a decade in a few months April. Yeah, and we 52 00:03:07,680 --> 00:03:10,480 Speaker 1: this is the first we're doing on Pompeii. And that 53 00:03:10,720 --> 00:03:13,280 Speaker 1: is just utterly mind blowing to me. It really is, 54 00:03:13,840 --> 00:03:19,720 Speaker 1: considering we've done shows on both volcanoes and super volcanoes. Um, 55 00:03:19,800 --> 00:03:26,120 Speaker 1: and our our show on tiny volcanoes all right, Little 56 00:03:26,160 --> 00:03:30,000 Speaker 1: is the Littlest volcano that was so good. It is 57 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:32,080 Speaker 1: weird that we're finally getting around to us. Yeah, it 58 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:34,760 Speaker 1: really is. Because we've also done like the Seven Wonders. 59 00:03:34,760 --> 00:03:38,440 Speaker 1: We've done tons of archaeology stuff. It's it's strange. We 60 00:03:38,480 --> 00:03:41,920 Speaker 1: did one on the real Atlantis. Remember that one. Nope, 61 00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:44,120 Speaker 1: it was a good one. You should go back and 62 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:49,120 Speaker 1: listen to it. Yeah. Yeah, I was like, oh, Monopoly, 63 00:03:49,160 --> 00:03:51,000 Speaker 1: we haven't done one on that and looked it up, 64 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:52,800 Speaker 1: and yet we sure have. I do remember that one. 65 00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:57,480 Speaker 1: I was scouring my brain like, okay, what what was 66 00:03:57,560 --> 00:04:00,200 Speaker 1: this episode? Like? What did we talk about? Not? Then 67 00:04:00,360 --> 00:04:03,880 Speaker 1: it's like it never happened. I mean, maybe we should 68 00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:05,680 Speaker 1: just go back and re record some of these for 69 00:04:05,720 --> 00:04:10,640 Speaker 1: our own benefit. Okay, reboot our own show, right just 70 00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:15,800 Speaker 1: for us. So um, okay, well, we are finally talking POMPEII, 71 00:04:16,600 --> 00:04:19,000 Speaker 1: and to do that, we have to go back the 72 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:23,600 Speaker 1: way Back machine and we should probably bring helmets and 73 00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:28,000 Speaker 1: the dog attack outfits that those those trainers wear. Yeah, 74 00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:30,279 Speaker 1: and also we need to fuel the way Back with 75 00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:33,520 Speaker 1: olive oil on this trip. Let's we need to retrofit 76 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:36,080 Speaker 1: it because we'll be in big trouble if we don't. Well, 77 00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:38,880 Speaker 1: let's use the good stuff, like the really high grade stuff, 78 00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:41,360 Speaker 1: because it burns my throat. I like the mid grade 79 00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:43,880 Speaker 1: e v O O. So let's save that for eating, 80 00:04:44,720 --> 00:04:47,479 Speaker 1: use the high test stuff for traveling. Oh you don't 81 00:04:47,520 --> 00:04:51,280 Speaker 1: like really get alive wood. No, I don't. I want 82 00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:53,080 Speaker 1: to say that I do, but I don't. It burns 83 00:04:53,160 --> 00:04:58,160 Speaker 1: my throat. Yeah, like when you just do shots of it. Yea, 84 00:04:58,760 --> 00:05:01,680 Speaker 1: maybe that's the problem. Shot of olive oil, shot of 85 00:05:01,720 --> 00:05:07,120 Speaker 1: crank case soil. Well, you know what they say, olive 86 00:05:07,120 --> 00:05:10,920 Speaker 1: oil before crank case oil never sicker. No, it's the other. 87 00:05:10,960 --> 00:05:20,320 Speaker 1: Oh god, alright, So we're in the way back machine. 88 00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:24,359 Speaker 1: We have our our rescue gear. We have our olive oil. 89 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:28,800 Speaker 1: It's our dog attack gear. Sure why because the dogs there? No, 90 00:05:29,040 --> 00:05:31,800 Speaker 1: because of the falling pummice in stone that's about to 91 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:35,120 Speaker 1: hit the area. Yeah, but there. I just wondered because 92 00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:37,960 Speaker 1: the very famously was a cast of a dog. And 93 00:05:38,160 --> 00:05:41,520 Speaker 1: there's actually a very famous mosaic that says cave conum, 94 00:05:41,760 --> 00:05:46,880 Speaker 1: which is aware of dog. So yeah, there are dogs there. Well, 95 00:05:46,920 --> 00:05:51,200 Speaker 1: good thing, we got that suit right in our nice dispositions. 96 00:05:51,360 --> 00:05:55,480 Speaker 1: Good dog. Okay, So we're we're here. It's pretty nice. 97 00:05:55,480 --> 00:05:58,760 Speaker 1: It's a very nice area. It's pretty well populated. This 98 00:05:58,839 --> 00:06:02,360 Speaker 1: is Pompeii itself, and Pompeii is one of several towns 99 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:04,960 Speaker 1: right around here on the Bay of Naples. And if 100 00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:09,800 Speaker 1: you look up over here, that giant, almost cartoonishly volcanic 101 00:06:09,920 --> 00:06:15,360 Speaker 1: volcano over there, that's Vesuvious. It's like an eight year 102 00:06:15,400 --> 00:06:18,080 Speaker 1: old drew a volcano and put it in Italy at 103 00:06:18,080 --> 00:06:21,520 Speaker 1: the Bay of Naples by Naples, and uh, that's it. 104 00:06:21,800 --> 00:06:27,120 Speaker 1: That's that's vesuvious. It's a it's what's called a strato volcano. 105 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:31,240 Speaker 1: That's right. Uh, And well, I guess we should. You 106 00:06:31,279 --> 00:06:36,320 Speaker 1: can go back and listen to volcanoes from December two 107 00:06:36,320 --> 00:06:40,159 Speaker 1: thousand ten or super volcanoes just last April. But for 108 00:06:40,200 --> 00:06:42,279 Speaker 1: those of you don't know, a strato volcano is sort 109 00:06:42,279 --> 00:06:46,159 Speaker 1: of if you think about the just the run of 110 00:06:46,160 --> 00:06:50,280 Speaker 1: the mill traditional volcano and a cartoon where it just 111 00:06:50,839 --> 00:06:54,559 Speaker 1: pops like a champagne bottle, that's a strato volcano. Yeah, 112 00:06:54,680 --> 00:06:58,240 Speaker 1: And it's it's actually just built up from previous explosions. 113 00:06:58,279 --> 00:07:00,839 Speaker 1: So the very presence of a strato Voultan cano indicates 114 00:07:00,880 --> 00:07:03,279 Speaker 1: that there's been a lot of activity in that area 115 00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:06,280 Speaker 1: and it's blown straight up into the air and then 116 00:07:06,320 --> 00:07:08,279 Speaker 1: come down and settle down around it, and now you 117 00:07:08,320 --> 00:07:10,800 Speaker 1: have a new layer and it just builds up as 118 00:07:10,840 --> 00:07:13,560 Speaker 1: a cone. And the thing about the strato volcanoes, like 119 00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:15,880 Speaker 1: you said, it pops like a cork. The reason it 120 00:07:15,920 --> 00:07:18,640 Speaker 1: does that is because the lava that's kind of slowly 121 00:07:18,720 --> 00:07:22,720 Speaker 1: growing and building up over time, UM has gases that 122 00:07:22,800 --> 00:07:25,480 Speaker 1: it seeps into the rock, the surrounding rock that makes 123 00:07:25,560 --> 00:07:30,000 Speaker 1: up the volcano, right and Um. When those gases finally 124 00:07:30,040 --> 00:07:33,200 Speaker 1: overcome a certain threshold, the pressure threshold, that's when that 125 00:07:33,280 --> 00:07:37,160 Speaker 1: cork goes off. And it's about to happen, because it's 126 00:07:37,200 --> 00:07:46,760 Speaker 1: either August or September or October, and we're here in Pompeii. Yeah, 127 00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:49,160 Speaker 1: and we should also mention to you there are other 128 00:07:49,240 --> 00:07:53,040 Speaker 1: volcanoes around if you look around, because this isn't a 129 00:07:53,120 --> 00:07:58,160 Speaker 1: unique area of Europe. That is called the companion arc. Uh, 130 00:07:58,200 --> 00:07:59,920 Speaker 1: And there are quite a few, well not quite a few, 131 00:07:59,920 --> 00:08:04,440 Speaker 1: but there are several volcanoes. Vesuvius obviously the most active 132 00:08:04,480 --> 00:08:08,960 Speaker 1: and deadly um and famous. But uh, what the companion 133 00:08:09,080 --> 00:08:13,920 Speaker 1: arc is or companion is there's a process called subduction 134 00:08:13,960 --> 00:08:17,600 Speaker 1: where basically a tectonic plate bumps up against another one 135 00:08:17,760 --> 00:08:21,480 Speaker 1: and moves down into the mantle beneath the other plate. 136 00:08:21,960 --> 00:08:24,320 Speaker 1: And that's what's going on here where the African plate 137 00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:27,840 Speaker 1: is meeting the Eurasian plate. Right, so there's like all 138 00:08:27,880 --> 00:08:30,960 Speaker 1: that um hot molten earth that's kind of bubbling up 139 00:08:30,960 --> 00:08:33,920 Speaker 1: through that seam. And one of those holes is the 140 00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:37,760 Speaker 1: volcano that we know as Vesuvius. Right, Yes, okay, so 141 00:08:38,120 --> 00:08:40,000 Speaker 1: we got here just in time to look around for 142 00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:42,360 Speaker 1: a little bit and kind of take in the the 143 00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:47,560 Speaker 1: culture of the area before the volcano. It is very nice. 144 00:08:47,600 --> 00:08:52,080 Speaker 1: It was like a very very wealthy town, but not 145 00:08:52,200 --> 00:08:54,560 Speaker 1: really an important town as far as the Roman Empire 146 00:08:54,640 --> 00:08:57,760 Speaker 1: was concerned, but there were there was an inordinate amount 147 00:08:57,760 --> 00:09:02,800 Speaker 1: of wealthy people, and those wealthy people were inordinately wealthy. Um, 148 00:09:02,840 --> 00:09:05,040 Speaker 1: and they spend a lot of money on the town. 149 00:09:05,080 --> 00:09:09,600 Speaker 1: There's lots of statues everywhere. There's a good number of temples. Um. 150 00:09:09,640 --> 00:09:13,320 Speaker 1: There's one to isis. Uh, there's one a Jupiter. Um. 151 00:09:13,360 --> 00:09:17,600 Speaker 1: There's a big amphitheater and a big theater as well, 152 00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:21,679 Speaker 1: two separate things. Yeah, there's one that holds twenty thou people, 153 00:09:21,760 --> 00:09:25,280 Speaker 1: which um at its peak, that's how many people lived 154 00:09:25,280 --> 00:09:28,800 Speaker 1: in Pompeii, which is a very democratic thing to do 155 00:09:28,920 --> 00:09:33,040 Speaker 1: to say that, hey, uh, we're gonna host a show 156 00:09:33,080 --> 00:09:35,480 Speaker 1: here and we want everyone to be able to come right, 157 00:09:35,800 --> 00:09:37,760 Speaker 1: and and that that's pretty cool that they did do 158 00:09:37,800 --> 00:09:40,800 Speaker 1: that because there's a pretty mixed population in Pompeii at 159 00:09:40,800 --> 00:09:45,520 Speaker 1: the time, Pompeii and suburban Pompeii, which included Herculaneum, uh, 160 00:09:45,640 --> 00:09:51,480 Speaker 1: Stabia and um, what was the other one, Chuck, there's 161 00:09:51,760 --> 00:09:58,559 Speaker 1: uh plazas plazas aplanis okay, Okay, So there's a string 162 00:09:58,600 --> 00:10:00,840 Speaker 1: of towns, but Pompeii is to finally the biggest of 163 00:10:00,880 --> 00:10:03,240 Speaker 1: all of them, and that's kind of like the center 164 00:10:03,280 --> 00:10:06,440 Speaker 1: of the area, right, But there's a lot of different people, 165 00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:08,679 Speaker 1: a lot of different type of people who were kind 166 00:10:08,720 --> 00:10:11,840 Speaker 1: of who kind of gravitated towards Pompeii. It was like 167 00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:15,280 Speaker 1: a cosmopolitan area, right, So you had wealthy people, you 168 00:10:15,280 --> 00:10:18,319 Speaker 1: have poor people, you have people from different areas. That's right. 169 00:10:18,480 --> 00:10:22,240 Speaker 1: And it was also kind of unique for its time 170 00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:24,320 Speaker 1: and that it was it was a bit of a 171 00:10:24,400 --> 00:10:31,000 Speaker 1: resort town, so wealthy people all around Italy. Actually some 172 00:10:31,120 --> 00:10:33,679 Speaker 1: of them would have I guess what you would call 173 00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:36,440 Speaker 1: it now would be a vacation home. Uh. And that 174 00:10:36,559 --> 00:10:38,840 Speaker 1: kind of got me down a rabbit hole of vacationing, 175 00:10:38,920 --> 00:10:41,000 Speaker 1: Like when did that actually begin? Because I had no 176 00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:46,480 Speaker 1: idea that the people of ancient Italy vacation. Yeah, but 177 00:10:46,559 --> 00:10:49,000 Speaker 1: apparently it's the thing. And even Nero is said to 178 00:10:49,120 --> 00:10:52,240 Speaker 1: maybe have had a place at Pompeii. Uh And I 179 00:10:52,240 --> 00:10:54,000 Speaker 1: guess it's just you know, the weather here is lovely. 180 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:57,600 Speaker 1: There's wine and olive oil everywhere. Like I said, that 181 00:10:57,640 --> 00:11:00,320 Speaker 1: big theater they built that and said one day Pink 182 00:11:00,360 --> 00:11:04,160 Speaker 1: Floyd shall play here. Man, I watched that Echoes video 183 00:11:04,280 --> 00:11:07,280 Speaker 1: like ten times while I was researching this. It's pretty cool. 184 00:11:07,320 --> 00:11:08,960 Speaker 1: For those of you who don't know, Pink Floyd did 185 00:11:08,960 --> 00:11:14,880 Speaker 1: a very famous live concert, um, well not concert concert 186 00:11:14,920 --> 00:11:19,920 Speaker 1: for no one, a live performance um in front of whatever, 187 00:11:20,080 --> 00:11:23,040 Speaker 1: fifteen crew people that were filming it. Yeah, in the 188 00:11:23,040 --> 00:11:26,840 Speaker 1: middle of the Amphitheater at Pompeii. Yeah. It's a little trippy, Yeah, 189 00:11:27,200 --> 00:11:31,240 Speaker 1: just a dad um. But then David Gilmore a couple 190 00:11:31,280 --> 00:11:33,040 Speaker 1: of years ago, um, I think in two thousand and 191 00:11:33,080 --> 00:11:36,400 Speaker 1: sixteen did a show there with actual people there and 192 00:11:36,480 --> 00:11:40,600 Speaker 1: it was the first con like attended concert event there 193 00:11:40,679 --> 00:11:44,440 Speaker 1: since you know the volcano in Its really cool since 194 00:11:44,600 --> 00:11:47,400 Speaker 1: the v I Yeah, but and that also is will 195 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:50,000 Speaker 1: kind of see in a little while. That really gives 196 00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:56,280 Speaker 1: away like just how accessible Pompeii is the excavated ruined city. 197 00:11:56,440 --> 00:12:02,000 Speaker 1: Um that you could go see a David Gilmour concert there. Yeah. Um, 198 00:12:03,040 --> 00:12:05,040 Speaker 1: Like I said, wine and olive oil was kind of 199 00:12:05,080 --> 00:12:07,199 Speaker 1: one of the main trades. But it was just a 200 00:12:07,200 --> 00:12:11,920 Speaker 1: a very rich farmland area because that volcanic soil is 201 00:12:11,960 --> 00:12:15,520 Speaker 1: so rich in nutrients. And they were right there by 202 00:12:15,559 --> 00:12:19,000 Speaker 1: the water with the Sarno River and then right there 203 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:23,080 Speaker 1: on the bay, and they just like life live in 204 00:12:23,080 --> 00:12:26,800 Speaker 1: life there was pretty good and even the slaves apparently 205 00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:29,920 Speaker 1: could earn money and potentially even by their freedom, which 206 00:12:29,960 --> 00:12:33,720 Speaker 1: was pretty unusual. Um. I have to say, also, you 207 00:12:33,760 --> 00:12:35,680 Speaker 1: mean and I went to Pompeii, as I've told you, 208 00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:39,400 Speaker 1: and I can attest about that that farmland and the 209 00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:43,760 Speaker 1: fertility of it. They have lemons, no joke, the size 210 00:12:43,760 --> 00:12:46,679 Speaker 1: of your head, Like they look like you shouldn't you 211 00:12:46,679 --> 00:12:48,920 Speaker 1: shouldn't stand too close to them. What do you do 212 00:12:49,200 --> 00:12:51,679 Speaker 1: with that much? I don't, I don't know. I mean 213 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:55,400 Speaker 1: make lemonade, I guess if you're an optimist. Yeah, but 214 00:12:55,440 --> 00:12:57,840 Speaker 1: it's just like you get one lemon and you've really 215 00:12:57,880 --> 00:13:01,760 Speaker 1: got fourteen lemons pretty much. Mm hmm. I think you're 216 00:13:01,760 --> 00:13:05,280 Speaker 1: just slowly but surely cut away at it, squeeze it 217 00:13:05,320 --> 00:13:09,560 Speaker 1: into your face, pick up another piece, do it again. Gotcha? 218 00:13:11,520 --> 00:13:15,160 Speaker 1: Should we take a break? I think that we weren't 219 00:13:15,280 --> 00:13:17,480 Speaker 1: ready for a break yet until that last joke, and 220 00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:20,120 Speaker 1: now we are. Okay, So yeah, all right, we'll be 221 00:13:20,160 --> 00:13:23,280 Speaker 1: back right after this and talk a little bit about 222 00:13:23,640 --> 00:13:34,800 Speaker 1: the v I. Watch my sk but you should know 223 00:13:44,280 --> 00:13:50,040 Speaker 1: sk alright, Chuck, what is the v I? The volcano 224 00:13:50,080 --> 00:13:54,479 Speaker 1: incidet Oh? Okay, I didn't realize it had been abbreviated. 225 00:13:54,640 --> 00:13:57,160 Speaker 1: Or the b O the big one. That's a good 226 00:13:57,160 --> 00:14:00,240 Speaker 1: one too, So let's go with the let's go with 227 00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:04,440 Speaker 1: the b oh okay. So um Pompey. It's this nice 228 00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:07,760 Speaker 1: driving city of twenty thousands. It's a resort area to 229 00:14:08,559 --> 00:14:14,840 Speaker 1: um and on. I guess the morning of August, and 230 00:14:14,880 --> 00:14:17,600 Speaker 1: we should say that date is actually up for debate. Well, 231 00:14:17,800 --> 00:14:19,400 Speaker 1: I guess we'll talk about it a little more later, 232 00:14:19,400 --> 00:14:22,280 Speaker 1: but we're going with August because that's the date that's 233 00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:27,479 Speaker 1: still in use. Um there was a rumble from Vesuvius. 234 00:14:27,480 --> 00:14:29,440 Speaker 1: There was an earthquake in the area enough to like 235 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:33,720 Speaker 1: get everybody's attention, but supposedly that wasn't a very infrequent 236 00:14:33,760 --> 00:14:38,720 Speaker 1: occurrence that that Vesuvius caused earthquakes pretty pretty frequently in 237 00:14:38,760 --> 00:14:41,400 Speaker 1: the region, and it wasn't a big cause of panic. Yeah, 238 00:14:41,640 --> 00:14:44,920 Speaker 1: Like one reason so many people died because I think 239 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:47,800 Speaker 1: because they were used to that kind of activity and 240 00:14:47,840 --> 00:14:49,520 Speaker 1: they were like a big deal, We're used to the 241 00:14:49,520 --> 00:14:53,200 Speaker 1: earth moving under our feet. No reason to flee the town, right. 242 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:56,760 Speaker 1: There have been a pretty substantial earthquake sixteen years before 243 00:14:56,760 --> 00:15:00,800 Speaker 1: and I think sixty three CE, where they had to 244 00:15:00,920 --> 00:15:03,920 Speaker 1: reconstruct a lot of stuff, like entire temples and things 245 00:15:03,920 --> 00:15:07,040 Speaker 1: have been knocked out. So I'm sure they were like, 246 00:15:07,080 --> 00:15:12,520 Speaker 1: that's nothing compared to old sixty three, the quakes sixty three. Yeah. Yeah, 247 00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:16,800 Speaker 1: and they also, um, they weren't panicked because they are 248 00:15:17,280 --> 00:15:21,160 Speaker 1: the previous eruptions no one really knew about. There were 249 00:15:21,160 --> 00:15:24,320 Speaker 1: no records of those. There wasn't even they didn't even 250 00:15:24,320 --> 00:15:27,320 Speaker 1: say volcano. There wasn't a word for volcano, right, So 251 00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:30,960 Speaker 1: it wasn't really on their radar as Hey, this thing 252 00:15:31,040 --> 00:15:34,960 Speaker 1: has happened before on a grand scale. Uh. They were 253 00:15:34,960 --> 00:15:37,520 Speaker 1: just kind of enjoying their life. Yeah. There weren't cartoons 254 00:15:37,560 --> 00:15:41,320 Speaker 1: back then to be like that's a cartoonishly volcanic volcano 255 00:15:41,480 --> 00:15:44,600 Speaker 1: that's right. So they that's kind of ironic too that 256 00:15:44,640 --> 00:15:46,920 Speaker 1: they didn't realize that there was a long history of 257 00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:51,080 Speaker 1: volcanic activity there, because it turns out that modern volcanologists 258 00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:55,080 Speaker 1: and geologists and archaeologists are pretty sure that there are 259 00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:58,800 Speaker 1: plenty of human settlements that were covered over by the 260 00:15:58,880 --> 00:16:02,720 Speaker 1: volcano that by the time Pompeii was built, it was 261 00:16:02,760 --> 00:16:05,800 Speaker 1: built atop these old settlements that have been covered over. 262 00:16:05,880 --> 00:16:09,800 Speaker 1: So it's like lost city thanks to the volcano. Everybody forgets. 263 00:16:09,960 --> 00:16:11,920 Speaker 1: Somebody's like, oh, this is a nice area, will come 264 00:16:11,960 --> 00:16:15,280 Speaker 1: build here, covered over by volcano. Everybody forgets in the 265 00:16:15,320 --> 00:16:18,800 Speaker 1: cycle repeats again, and that's where Pompeii found itself and 266 00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:25,200 Speaker 1: by s and so on this day the earth rumbles 267 00:16:25,240 --> 00:16:28,240 Speaker 1: And I want to direct you to this really great 268 00:16:28,280 --> 00:16:31,960 Speaker 1: website called open Culture and just search Destruction of Pompeii 269 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:34,400 Speaker 1: Open Culture, and they have a video it's like eight 270 00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:37,280 Speaker 1: minutes long, which is basically like a It's like they 271 00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:40,440 Speaker 1: placed a camera in the c g I world of 272 00:16:41,080 --> 00:16:45,040 Speaker 1: um Pompeii just and trained it on Vesuvius and left 273 00:16:45,080 --> 00:16:48,800 Speaker 1: it running for twenty four hours. And um, it really 274 00:16:48,840 --> 00:16:51,680 Speaker 1: gets to point across of how destructive this this event 275 00:16:51,720 --> 00:16:53,760 Speaker 1: would have been. Yeah, I think we I think you 276 00:16:53,800 --> 00:16:56,800 Speaker 1: shouted that very same thing out on super Volcanoes. Had 277 00:16:56,840 --> 00:16:59,320 Speaker 1: to have It's a really cool video. If you have 278 00:16:59,560 --> 00:17:01,600 Speaker 1: you seen it, Yeah, yeah, I saw it after you 279 00:17:02,120 --> 00:17:04,600 Speaker 1: shouted it out. Yeah. I watched it again this morning, 280 00:17:04,640 --> 00:17:07,040 Speaker 1: and I think just from researching all of this stuff, 281 00:17:07,040 --> 00:17:09,440 Speaker 1: that really drove it home even more. It was kind 282 00:17:09,440 --> 00:17:12,720 Speaker 1: of unsettling to watch this time, you know for sure. 283 00:17:13,160 --> 00:17:19,119 Speaker 1: So uh, a little afternoon on is when this, um, 284 00:17:19,240 --> 00:17:23,640 Speaker 1: when this when the champagne cork popped. Uh. And they 285 00:17:24,160 --> 00:17:26,840 Speaker 1: were not ready for this. Uh, Like we said, just 286 00:17:26,880 --> 00:17:30,080 Speaker 1: because of all the aforementioned reasons. Um. And the only 287 00:17:30,720 --> 00:17:33,760 Speaker 1: account or one of the only accounts we have is 288 00:17:34,160 --> 00:17:37,119 Speaker 1: we've talked about Plenty the Elder and his nephew, Plenty 289 00:17:37,160 --> 00:17:41,080 Speaker 1: the Younger before. Uh, they were not there. They were 290 00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:45,600 Speaker 1: in my see Him, which is not too far away. 291 00:17:45,640 --> 00:17:47,840 Speaker 1: It was on the northwestern edge of the Bay of Naples, 292 00:17:48,480 --> 00:17:50,879 Speaker 1: but that's where Plenty the Elder was stationed. And then 293 00:17:50,920 --> 00:17:53,639 Speaker 1: Plenty of the younger and his mom were there as well. Uh. 294 00:17:53,680 --> 00:17:57,040 Speaker 1: And apparently when this started to go down, Um, Plenty 295 00:17:57,080 --> 00:18:00,240 Speaker 1: the Elder got a message from a friend saying, hey, 296 00:18:00,280 --> 00:18:03,880 Speaker 1: can you come and get me. It's going down. And 297 00:18:03,920 --> 00:18:07,040 Speaker 1: he took off to go, and plenty the younger was like, no, 298 00:18:07,160 --> 00:18:10,560 Speaker 1: I'm gonna stay here, which was a pretty smart move. Yeah, 299 00:18:10,560 --> 00:18:12,960 Speaker 1: and and what how do you pronounce that town? I 300 00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:17,600 Speaker 1: never tried my scene him? Is that right? Okay? So 301 00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:21,439 Speaker 1: he and his mom were there, and it's not really close. 302 00:18:21,520 --> 00:18:25,320 Speaker 1: I mean, as far as like Pompeii is concerned. Pompei 303 00:18:25,400 --> 00:18:28,320 Speaker 1: is way closer to Vesuvius than mycene him is. But 304 00:18:28,520 --> 00:18:32,800 Speaker 1: they still had an extremely harrowing um experience there on 305 00:18:32,920 --> 00:18:37,400 Speaker 1: mycene him too, just from the fallout from Vesuvius um, 306 00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:41,840 Speaker 1: even though Pompeii and Herculaneum and um uh Stabbia all 307 00:18:41,920 --> 00:18:45,760 Speaker 1: got the worst of it um plenty the younger's account, 308 00:18:46,119 --> 00:18:49,639 Speaker 1: it's the only firsthand account of the eruption of Vesuvius. 309 00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:53,000 Speaker 1: Then um it's pretty scary stuff. Like he says, like 310 00:18:53,359 --> 00:18:56,920 Speaker 1: the sky went dark, but not dark, like the moon 311 00:18:57,040 --> 00:18:59,560 Speaker 1: wasn't out, or there weren't any stars. He said, It's 312 00:18:59,600 --> 00:19:02,199 Speaker 1: suddenly got dark like somebody put a light out in 313 00:19:02,240 --> 00:19:05,440 Speaker 1: an enclosed room, like that kind of dark, like apparently 314 00:19:05,440 --> 00:19:08,040 Speaker 1: you couldn't see people just a few feet ahead of you. 315 00:19:08,359 --> 00:19:11,159 Speaker 1: They just got real dark, real fast. Yeah, and you 316 00:19:11,160 --> 00:19:13,480 Speaker 1: can you can read his entire account online. But here's 317 00:19:13,480 --> 00:19:17,200 Speaker 1: another nice pull quote. You could hear the shrieks of women, 318 00:19:17,280 --> 00:19:20,200 Speaker 1: the wailing of infants, and the shouting of men. There 319 00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:22,520 Speaker 1: were some who prayed for death. In their terror of dying, 320 00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:25,520 Speaker 1: many besought the aid of the gods. But still more 321 00:19:25,560 --> 00:19:28,280 Speaker 1: imagine there were no God's left, and that the universe 322 00:19:28,359 --> 00:19:32,320 Speaker 1: was plunged into eternal darkness forever more. It's pretty grim, geez. 323 00:19:33,119 --> 00:19:37,360 Speaker 1: So this is again in Messenti Um, I think I'm 324 00:19:37,359 --> 00:19:41,280 Speaker 1: not saying that right still him my seeing him um 325 00:19:41,440 --> 00:19:44,639 Speaker 1: and Pompeii, the situation is much much, much worse. And 326 00:19:44,720 --> 00:19:46,720 Speaker 1: Pliny the Younger was saying that they were kind of 327 00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:49,520 Speaker 1: huddled in I think a house or something somewhere. But 328 00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:52,960 Speaker 1: even in this house, the ash that was like accumulating 329 00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:54,960 Speaker 1: around them and on top of them was so much 330 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:56,760 Speaker 1: that they had to stand up every once in a 331 00:19:56,760 --> 00:19:59,880 Speaker 1: while and shake it off. It was again much worse 332 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:03,159 Speaker 1: in Pompeii itself. There's a lot of ash falling and 333 00:20:03,200 --> 00:20:08,280 Speaker 1: covering people inside their houses and under structures, and either 334 00:20:08,359 --> 00:20:11,000 Speaker 1: you stay there and start to worry about getting buried, 335 00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:13,880 Speaker 1: or even worse, you start to worry about the roof 336 00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:17,800 Speaker 1: collapsing under the weight of all that gathering ash and pummice, 337 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:21,000 Speaker 1: or you risk going out and being hit by one 338 00:20:21,040 --> 00:20:23,760 Speaker 1: of those pummice rocks, which if you've ever picked up 339 00:20:23,760 --> 00:20:27,119 Speaker 1: a volcanic rock, it is way lighter because it's very porous, 340 00:20:27,160 --> 00:20:31,119 Speaker 1: way lighter than a like a sedimentary rock of the 341 00:20:31,200 --> 00:20:33,679 Speaker 1: same size. But you still wouldn't want to get hit 342 00:20:33,720 --> 00:20:35,880 Speaker 1: in the head by one of those things after it's 343 00:20:35,920 --> 00:20:38,760 Speaker 1: falling twenty miles out of the sky. And this is 344 00:20:38,800 --> 00:20:42,040 Speaker 1: actually what they think. Um the height that this ejective 345 00:20:42,040 --> 00:20:45,399 Speaker 1: coming out of the volcano reached was twenty miles or 346 00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:48,560 Speaker 1: something like thirty two kilometers, I think. Yeah, So here's 347 00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:51,600 Speaker 1: here's a couple of stats for you. Um ash was 348 00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:54,240 Speaker 1: falling at a rate of about six inches an hour, 349 00:20:56,000 --> 00:20:58,880 Speaker 1: which is, you know, that's if you imagine that as rain, 350 00:20:58,960 --> 00:21:01,160 Speaker 1: and if you've ever seen a rain like that, that's 351 00:21:01,160 --> 00:21:04,840 Speaker 1: an unbelievable amount of rain. So imagine that is ashuh 352 00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:09,280 Speaker 1: lava was flowing at about sixty eight miles an hour 353 00:21:09,400 --> 00:21:13,400 Speaker 1: by the time it started sailing down the hillside, right right. 354 00:21:13,440 --> 00:21:15,359 Speaker 1: So so you've got a few things you've got the 355 00:21:15,400 --> 00:21:18,280 Speaker 1: first explosion, the eruption, where like you said, the court 356 00:21:18,359 --> 00:21:21,920 Speaker 1: goes off, the ejective goes into the air. Pliny described 357 00:21:21,920 --> 00:21:23,920 Speaker 1: it as like a great pine tree with a big 358 00:21:23,960 --> 00:21:26,960 Speaker 1: long trunk, and then way up high it branches out, 359 00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:30,840 Speaker 1: and those are now called pliny in eruptions um. And 360 00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:35,560 Speaker 1: then later on from all this activity, the the cone 361 00:21:35,640 --> 00:21:40,600 Speaker 1: of the volcano collapses, and when that happened, it shot 362 00:21:40,640 --> 00:21:44,240 Speaker 1: out this pyroclastic flow, which is made up of ash 363 00:21:44,280 --> 00:21:47,560 Speaker 1: and hot gas. From between. I think I saw four 364 00:21:47,640 --> 00:21:53,080 Speaker 1: hundred to fiftundred degrees fahrenheight, which is um a substantial 365 00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:59,040 Speaker 1: amount in celsius too. That's the that's the that's the translation, 366 00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:03,040 Speaker 1: and it's it's like you said, flowing. I saw a 367 00:22:03,080 --> 00:22:06,280 Speaker 1: hundred miles an hour. You saw sixty three miles. But 368 00:22:06,320 --> 00:22:08,440 Speaker 1: I mean that's one of those that's one of those 369 00:22:08,440 --> 00:22:11,240 Speaker 1: things that I'm sure you know they can't really tell exactly, 370 00:22:11,359 --> 00:22:14,399 Speaker 1: but at any rate that it's going to be super fast, 371 00:22:14,680 --> 00:22:19,280 Speaker 1: super fast, super hot. And they think now, before they 372 00:22:19,320 --> 00:22:21,879 Speaker 1: thought that everybody in Pompeii died from being covered in 373 00:22:21,960 --> 00:22:24,920 Speaker 1: ash um, they think now that they actually died much 374 00:22:24,960 --> 00:22:28,000 Speaker 1: more quickly than that. Right when that priorro clastic flow 375 00:22:28,080 --> 00:22:30,960 Speaker 1: was anywhere near them, especially when it overtook them, it 376 00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:33,600 Speaker 1: would have killed them instantly, which actually is we'll see 377 00:22:33,600 --> 00:22:36,240 Speaker 1: accounts for some of the faces that we've have been 378 00:22:36,280 --> 00:22:41,359 Speaker 1: found around on the people of the Pompeii victims. Yeah, 379 00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:44,360 Speaker 1: and they even think, and by the way, we went 380 00:22:44,440 --> 00:22:46,840 Speaker 1: right past the fact that pyrocastic flow is a great, 381 00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:51,280 Speaker 1: great band name. It really is. Uh but they even 382 00:22:51,320 --> 00:22:53,960 Speaker 1: think now that most of them died from head injuries 383 00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:57,640 Speaker 1: even before that even happened. Oh really, I hadn't seen 384 00:22:57,680 --> 00:22:59,879 Speaker 1: that one. Yeah, well we'll get to that. I'll just 385 00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:04,640 Speaker 1: though there's a tease. Uh. So this is shortly after 386 00:23:04,720 --> 00:23:09,160 Speaker 1: midnight is when herculan a Um was covered and obliterated. 387 00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:12,400 Speaker 1: About six thirty a m. The following morning is when 388 00:23:12,440 --> 00:23:16,000 Speaker 1: Pompeii started getting hit with this flow. The whole thing 389 00:23:16,640 --> 00:23:19,719 Speaker 1: takes about twenty five hours for all, for about two 390 00:23:21,560 --> 00:23:25,200 Speaker 1: plus square miles to get completely destroyed. Yeah, and it 391 00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:30,120 Speaker 1: in nineteen hours. It shot out something like one cubic 392 00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:34,840 Speaker 1: mile of rock and ash out of that volcano a 393 00:23:34,920 --> 00:23:38,920 Speaker 1: cubic mile. Imagine looking up and seeing a mile cube 394 00:23:39,440 --> 00:23:41,760 Speaker 1: and it's just all coming down on you well, and 395 00:23:41,840 --> 00:23:45,439 Speaker 1: again seeing this and not like not even knowing what 396 00:23:45,520 --> 00:23:49,919 Speaker 1: a volcano is, Yeah, it makes it any scarier, I guess. 397 00:23:49,920 --> 00:23:53,720 Speaker 1: But they must have thought the world was ending. Well yeah, 398 00:23:53,760 --> 00:23:55,480 Speaker 1: I mean if they thought there were no more gods, 399 00:23:55,520 --> 00:23:58,080 Speaker 1: I would guess that that that they would think like, well, 400 00:23:58,119 --> 00:24:02,199 Speaker 1: this is it, this is the end of middle um. Uh. 401 00:24:02,320 --> 00:24:06,360 Speaker 1: Plenty of the younger two wrote about uh about the water, 402 00:24:06,520 --> 00:24:09,520 Speaker 1: the sea retreating as I pushed by the earthquakes. And 403 00:24:09,560 --> 00:24:12,879 Speaker 1: so the thought now is is that it also caused 404 00:24:12,880 --> 00:24:16,520 Speaker 1: a tsunami at the climax of this eruption. So now 405 00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:21,600 Speaker 1: imagine you know, the Bay of Naples flowing inland while 406 00:24:21,680 --> 00:24:24,840 Speaker 1: all of this destruction is raining down around you, right, yeah, 407 00:24:24,840 --> 00:24:28,440 Speaker 1: and then you definitely think the world is there's actually 408 00:24:28,480 --> 00:24:32,480 Speaker 1: there's a very famous beach at Herculaneum, uh where there's 409 00:24:32,520 --> 00:24:34,800 Speaker 1: a lot of there were a lot of bodies found, 410 00:24:35,359 --> 00:24:37,680 Speaker 1: and there's a thirty ft boat that was just kind 411 00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:40,520 Speaker 1: of like jammed up against them. And I guess that 412 00:24:40,520 --> 00:24:42,480 Speaker 1: would have been from the tsunami. It would have brought 413 00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:45,879 Speaker 1: it in well. And that's apparently just to finish up 414 00:24:45,880 --> 00:24:49,119 Speaker 1: with Plenty of the elder he did initially he was 415 00:24:49,160 --> 00:24:51,240 Speaker 1: going to go out in a big boat and kind 416 00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:53,280 Speaker 1: of just get a better look at what was going on. 417 00:24:54,160 --> 00:24:56,440 Speaker 1: But when he got this message from his friends saying, hey, 418 00:24:56,480 --> 00:24:59,440 Speaker 1: come rescue us, Uh, he got in a fast boat 419 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:04,520 Speaker 1: as sailing cutter, and which is probably was his end 420 00:25:04,640 --> 00:25:07,239 Speaker 1: because by the time they got there, the winds were 421 00:25:07,240 --> 00:25:10,199 Speaker 1: blowing in a weird direction apparently. Uh, the way they 422 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:12,359 Speaker 1: usually blow it would have blown a lot of this 423 00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:15,159 Speaker 1: out to sea, but unusually it was blowing in in 424 00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:17,560 Speaker 1: the opposite direction that day, So a lot of things 425 00:25:17,640 --> 00:25:20,680 Speaker 1: kind of came together for you know, the worst possible scenario. 426 00:25:20,880 --> 00:25:25,000 Speaker 1: But um, so plenty of the elder gets nearby, I think, 427 00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:30,440 Speaker 1: um they landed it. Uh pompa Pampa neanis I think 428 00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:34,440 Speaker 1: it was at Stabbia. Oh where plenty of the Elder landed. Yeah, 429 00:25:34,520 --> 00:25:38,600 Speaker 1: his friend was pomp pomp Panius. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, sorry, 430 00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:42,800 Speaker 1: that was who's going to rescue and Pompannius was at Stabbia, 431 00:25:43,119 --> 00:25:48,879 Speaker 1: this little super ultra wealthy resort area. Yeah. So, uh 432 00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:51,520 Speaker 1: they couldn't get out of there basically because of their 433 00:25:51,640 --> 00:25:53,920 Speaker 1: I think their boat was so light and they kept 434 00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:57,920 Speaker 1: pushing them back in and um apparently said Hey, let's 435 00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:02,760 Speaker 1: ride it out here. That's where only choice and he was, 436 00:26:03,160 --> 00:26:06,000 Speaker 1: he basically died. They couldn't get him up in the 437 00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:08,119 Speaker 1: theory for a while that is that he died of 438 00:26:08,800 --> 00:26:13,280 Speaker 1: inhaling toxic fumes. But now modern historians and scientists are saying, 439 00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:17,640 Speaker 1: now he was fat and kind of old and out 440 00:26:17,680 --> 00:26:19,920 Speaker 1: of shape and he died of a heart attack. Yeah. 441 00:26:19,960 --> 00:26:23,159 Speaker 1: I think the consensus among historians today is that he 442 00:26:23,240 --> 00:26:28,200 Speaker 1: was boss hog esque, good way to put it. Yeah, 443 00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:31,720 Speaker 1: so that's a that's a not a good end for 444 00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:35,399 Speaker 1: Pliny the Elder, But um, that's kind of cool to 445 00:26:35,400 --> 00:26:37,440 Speaker 1: be able to say, like, yeah, I died at Pompeii? 446 00:26:38,200 --> 00:26:40,359 Speaker 1: Is it? I was a super famous dude in the 447 00:26:40,440 --> 00:26:43,040 Speaker 1: Roman world, and where did I find my end? Pompeii 448 00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:45,680 Speaker 1: another famous thing in the Roman world. That's how you'd 449 00:26:45,680 --> 00:26:49,879 Speaker 1: say that kind of thing. I think it's neat. So 450 00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:52,960 Speaker 1: Pliny the Elder died. Pliny the Younger lived, though, and 451 00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:55,560 Speaker 1: we know about all of this because again he was 452 00:26:55,600 --> 00:26:59,600 Speaker 1: an eyewitness. He was also a historian, a statesman, just 453 00:26:59,520 --> 00:27:03,919 Speaker 1: all around smart dude. But he didn't write his um 454 00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:08,919 Speaker 1: his letter to Tacitus the Historian for like twenty seven 455 00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:13,240 Speaker 1: years after the fact, and so, um, yeah, I don't 456 00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:15,520 Speaker 1: know if he just heard Tacitus was getting a history 457 00:27:15,560 --> 00:27:18,320 Speaker 1: together and he wanted to contribute, or what what the 458 00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:20,520 Speaker 1: what the difference was, or what the deal was with 459 00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:24,639 Speaker 1: the gap. But there is a lot of um, there's 460 00:27:24,800 --> 00:27:28,160 Speaker 1: a lot of disagreement about whether his date of August 461 00:27:28,920 --> 00:27:31,680 Speaker 1: is the correct one. The reason everyone says August twenty 462 00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:34,800 Speaker 1: is because he wrote that in the letter, he said 463 00:27:34,840 --> 00:27:38,080 Speaker 1: that this happened on August twenty. The thing is, apparently 464 00:27:38,119 --> 00:27:40,520 Speaker 1: there are other drafts of his letter that same letter 465 00:27:40,800 --> 00:27:42,919 Speaker 1: that either didn't give the date or gave a different 466 00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:45,840 Speaker 1: date later on, I think of November twenty four. And 467 00:27:45,840 --> 00:27:49,440 Speaker 1: then there's a lot of actual circumstantial evidence that suggests 468 00:27:49,440 --> 00:27:53,840 Speaker 1: that this actually took place either on October twenty or 469 00:27:53,880 --> 00:27:57,479 Speaker 1: November twenty four rather than augusty. So there's things like 470 00:27:57,720 --> 00:28:01,480 Speaker 1: there was a there was a just an inordinate amount 471 00:28:01,480 --> 00:28:05,440 Speaker 1: of pomegranates and figs and nuts found around the town, 472 00:28:05,960 --> 00:28:08,720 Speaker 1: which would suggest that the harvest had just happened the 473 00:28:08,720 --> 00:28:12,040 Speaker 1: autumn harvest, which you wouldn't have done in August. U 474 00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:16,560 Speaker 1: there's a coin that that had a um a title 475 00:28:16,600 --> 00:28:21,280 Speaker 1: of Caesar that wasn't bestowed until September of seventy nine, 476 00:28:21,600 --> 00:28:24,760 Speaker 1: so that coin, Yeah, that coin shouldn't have existed. There's 477 00:28:24,960 --> 00:28:28,000 Speaker 1: there's all this evidence that's coming together that says no, 478 00:28:28,440 --> 00:28:32,480 Speaker 1: it actually probably was either October November, but it's just 479 00:28:32,640 --> 00:28:36,399 Speaker 1: been August for so long now that it's going to 480 00:28:36,480 --> 00:28:40,760 Speaker 1: be another ten twenty years before everybody's like it happened 481 00:28:40,760 --> 00:28:45,280 Speaker 1: in October and November. Yeah, and truth be told, that's 482 00:28:45,280 --> 00:28:48,680 Speaker 1: sort of one of those things that wonky archaeologists would 483 00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:52,000 Speaker 1: argue over. I hear it, and I think, what's a 484 00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:54,280 Speaker 1: couple of months really, you know, but I just think 485 00:28:54,280 --> 00:28:58,120 Speaker 1: it's it's it's really fascinating that that they found a 486 00:28:58,160 --> 00:29:00,800 Speaker 1: coin and they said, Okay, this coin shouldn't exist. And 487 00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:03,680 Speaker 1: the reason why because because there was um there was 488 00:29:03,720 --> 00:29:07,760 Speaker 1: a like Britain was conquered by the Romans a little 489 00:29:07,840 --> 00:29:10,400 Speaker 1: around like around that time, and so they minted a 490 00:29:10,440 --> 00:29:14,080 Speaker 1: coin to honor that. And because that coin shows up 491 00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:18,719 Speaker 1: and POMPEII we can date when Vesuvius erupted more accurately. 492 00:29:18,880 --> 00:29:23,600 Speaker 1: That to me is it's just eye popping, like, look 493 00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:27,200 Speaker 1: at my eyes, good old fashioned police work. So either one, 494 00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:32,200 Speaker 1: so Vesuvius has spoken Pompeii has now gone. It's covered 495 00:29:32,200 --> 00:29:36,880 Speaker 1: in something like um, I believe ten meters like about 496 00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:40,560 Speaker 1: thirty ft of ash and pummice. Yeah, I've seen all 497 00:29:40,640 --> 00:29:46,080 Speaker 1: kinds of anywhere from like eight to so it's covered 498 00:29:46,160 --> 00:29:47,600 Speaker 1: up a lot of And I don't know if we 499 00:29:47,640 --> 00:29:50,560 Speaker 1: said this or not, but um, of the twenty thousand people, 500 00:29:50,720 --> 00:29:54,920 Speaker 1: about eighteen thousand of those residents left when there was 501 00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:57,520 Speaker 1: the first sign of trouble, because again Vesuvius gave plenty 502 00:29:57,560 --> 00:29:59,840 Speaker 1: of warning. But there were about two thousand people in 503 00:29:59,840 --> 00:30:03,200 Speaker 1: the town of Pompeii itself when Vesuvius went off and 504 00:30:03,320 --> 00:30:06,800 Speaker 1: covered the town. But now it's everything's calm, it's quiet, 505 00:30:07,040 --> 00:30:14,400 Speaker 1: Vesuvius is quiet again, and Pompeii herculaneum stabia applautas they're gone. Yeah, 506 00:30:14,400 --> 00:30:18,720 Speaker 1: and I think about two total people in the region died. 507 00:30:20,280 --> 00:30:23,080 Speaker 1: Oh really that many? Huh yeah, among that, you know, 508 00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:27,360 Speaker 1: the two square miles. So so this the the whole 509 00:30:27,440 --> 00:30:33,440 Speaker 1: area has just been radically changed. Um. And these cities 510 00:30:33,480 --> 00:30:36,120 Speaker 1: were so lost that even the people who stayed in 511 00:30:36,160 --> 00:30:38,800 Speaker 1: the area and continued to live there, they lost track 512 00:30:38,800 --> 00:30:41,600 Speaker 1: of exactly where Pompeii was, and they stopped talking about it. 513 00:30:41,600 --> 00:30:44,720 Speaker 1: Eventually there's another city named Pompei that was founded many 514 00:30:44,720 --> 00:30:48,040 Speaker 1: many years later. That's the modern Pompeii. And if they 515 00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:51,800 Speaker 1: ever even referenced Pompeii, they just called it uh lah 516 00:30:52,120 --> 00:30:55,560 Speaker 1: chi vita the city, and they just knew that there 517 00:30:55,600 --> 00:30:57,480 Speaker 1: was a lost city somewhere in the area. And that's 518 00:30:57,480 --> 00:31:02,760 Speaker 1: how things stayed for about the next um seventeen hundred years. 519 00:31:02,760 --> 00:31:05,400 Speaker 1: That's right, And you want to take a break, yes, 520 00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:09,000 Speaker 1: all right, Well we'll get into the discovery of Pompeii 521 00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:33,120 Speaker 1: after this. Watch sk sk all right, dude, we're back. 522 00:31:33,960 --> 00:31:37,400 Speaker 1: That's right. So what we've got here as far as 523 00:31:37,600 --> 00:31:43,120 Speaker 1: Roman history pre POMPEII and post Pompeii, UH is they've 524 00:31:43,120 --> 00:31:46,240 Speaker 1: focused a lot on um what they would call the 525 00:31:46,280 --> 00:31:52,960 Speaker 1: important people of society, so military stuff, wealthy people, political stuff. 526 00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:56,200 Speaker 1: They didn't say, like, hey, maybe be valuable to record 527 00:31:56,240 --> 00:31:59,840 Speaker 1: what it's like for um, everyday people of Rome because 528 00:31:59,840 --> 00:32:03,760 Speaker 1: they didn't care. That's why Pompeii and the the rediscovery 529 00:32:03,840 --> 00:32:06,520 Speaker 1: and the excavation over the years has been so important 530 00:32:07,040 --> 00:32:10,640 Speaker 1: is because all of these a lot of these people 531 00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:12,840 Speaker 1: and in the shops and all the homes and the 532 00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:17,200 Speaker 1: art were really well preserved. Uh, once they started digging 533 00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:20,520 Speaker 1: into this stuff, which was a pretty remarkable flind and 534 00:32:20,560 --> 00:32:25,120 Speaker 1: continues to be. Yeah. Plus, um, Rome was around for 535 00:32:25,160 --> 00:32:27,640 Speaker 1: so long. It has been around for so long that 536 00:32:27,800 --> 00:32:32,160 Speaker 1: it evolved, right, So over time, what Rome once was 537 00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:37,880 Speaker 1: culturally historically um is kind of lost and replaced as 538 00:32:37,920 --> 00:32:42,280 Speaker 1: the culture itself evolves in ages. And apparently it grew 539 00:32:42,360 --> 00:32:45,360 Speaker 1: more and more conservative the longer it was around. And 540 00:32:45,400 --> 00:32:47,560 Speaker 1: one of the things that Pompeii also gives us the 541 00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:52,240 Speaker 1: snapshot of Roman culture before it became conservative, and it 542 00:32:52,280 --> 00:32:56,160 Speaker 1: was hyper sexual at the time when Pompeii was covered over. 543 00:32:56,480 --> 00:32:58,440 Speaker 1: So that was another thing because at the time, until 544 00:32:58,440 --> 00:33:04,040 Speaker 1: Pompeii was discovered, UM, everyone considered Rome, ancient Rome as 545 00:33:04,080 --> 00:33:08,600 Speaker 1: this very staid, conservative civilization. And then they started to 546 00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:11,040 Speaker 1: discover this stuff from pompeign and we're like, whoa, what 547 00:33:11,160 --> 00:33:13,640 Speaker 1: were these people into back then? Yeah, there's a lot 548 00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:17,920 Speaker 1: of highly erotic art. Yeah, I saw a statue of 549 00:33:17,960 --> 00:33:23,400 Speaker 1: the god pan having graphics sex with a goat, like 550 00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:27,440 Speaker 1: a pretty pretty realistic statue. And they found that they 551 00:33:27,520 --> 00:33:30,440 Speaker 1: dug that out of Pompeii pretty early on. And there's 552 00:33:30,560 --> 00:33:34,800 Speaker 1: phalluses they found everywhere. Some people put fallacies on their houses, 553 00:33:35,080 --> 00:33:39,280 Speaker 1: like sticking out into the street. Um there was pre Apiss, 554 00:33:39,520 --> 00:33:45,240 Speaker 1: which is a lesser god who um was extraordinarily unsettlingly 555 00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:49,000 Speaker 1: well endowed. Um, there was just a lot of fertility 556 00:33:49,040 --> 00:33:52,440 Speaker 1: stuff and a lot of just explicit sexuality in their 557 00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:55,960 Speaker 1: in their artwork back then. And Rome eventually moved on 558 00:33:56,200 --> 00:34:00,280 Speaker 1: past that, and it had been forgotten until Pompeii gave 559 00:34:00,360 --> 00:34:05,760 Speaker 1: up its secrets. Yeah, so uh kind of immediately afterward 560 00:34:05,920 --> 00:34:10,759 Speaker 1: up until about the seventeen hundreds throughout and like I said, 561 00:34:10,800 --> 00:34:12,120 Speaker 1: like you said, it was kind of forgotten for a 562 00:34:12,120 --> 00:34:14,880 Speaker 1: little while. But during this whole long period of time, 563 00:34:15,360 --> 00:34:21,080 Speaker 1: Pompeii was kind of essentially rated again and again by 564 00:34:21,239 --> 00:34:26,680 Speaker 1: either um, you know, people hunting for valuables or kings 565 00:34:26,680 --> 00:34:30,239 Speaker 1: and queens who wanted to plunder things, you know, like 566 00:34:30,320 --> 00:34:34,399 Speaker 1: statues and stuff for their own palaces. And this sort 567 00:34:34,400 --> 00:34:37,840 Speaker 1: of happened again and again throughout history until about the 568 00:34:37,880 --> 00:34:43,000 Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds, when like legit archaeology really started to happen 569 00:34:43,360 --> 00:34:45,120 Speaker 1: where they could go in there with the name and 570 00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:47,840 Speaker 1: actually preserving some of the stuff. Yeah. I think the 571 00:34:48,160 --> 00:34:51,440 Speaker 1: earliest ones were the king, the Bourbon King, Charles, the 572 00:34:51,520 --> 00:34:55,719 Speaker 1: third who. It was discovered under his watch in seventeen 573 00:34:55,760 --> 00:34:58,360 Speaker 1: forty eight. And then the French came into the area, 574 00:34:58,719 --> 00:35:02,200 Speaker 1: and by this time they were crazy about archaeology thanks 575 00:35:02,239 --> 00:35:04,440 Speaker 1: to their fascination with Egypt, so they brought in some 576 00:35:04,440 --> 00:35:07,880 Speaker 1: pretty good practices. But even still, I mean, compared to 577 00:35:08,040 --> 00:35:12,040 Speaker 1: what archaeologists know and do today, this is pretty hokey, 578 00:35:12,160 --> 00:35:17,480 Speaker 1: basic backward archaeological methodology. Yeah. Like even when they started 579 00:35:17,520 --> 00:35:20,840 Speaker 1: to do it right, Uh, they just weren't as advance 580 00:35:20,880 --> 00:35:23,720 Speaker 1: as we are today. Um. But things kind of change 581 00:35:23,800 --> 00:35:29,160 Speaker 1: for the better when a man named Giuseppe Fiorelli came 582 00:35:29,160 --> 00:35:31,239 Speaker 1: along in eighteen sixty and he said, hey, I'm in 583 00:35:31,320 --> 00:35:34,239 Speaker 1: charge now. UM, I'm gonna get in here and try 584 00:35:34,239 --> 00:35:36,520 Speaker 1: and do it right. I'm gonna be way more careful. 585 00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:38,920 Speaker 1: My team is going to be more careful. We're gonna 586 00:35:38,960 --> 00:35:43,240 Speaker 1: record all the positions of people, everything that we find. 587 00:35:43,600 --> 00:35:47,040 Speaker 1: And that's when it that's when it really legitimized, um 588 00:35:47,160 --> 00:35:50,200 Speaker 1: kind of what was going on as far as excavation goes. Uh. 589 00:35:50,200 --> 00:35:53,759 Speaker 1: And he also made his name most famously for what 590 00:35:53,920 --> 00:35:57,400 Speaker 1: ended up being named after him, the Fiarelli process is 591 00:35:57,440 --> 00:35:59,840 Speaker 1: when he saw these you know, every you know everything's 592 00:35:59,880 --> 00:36:03,520 Speaker 1: kind ever an ash and hardened, so they had they 593 00:36:03,520 --> 00:36:06,400 Speaker 1: were basically encased in these you know, over the years, 594 00:36:06,400 --> 00:36:08,880 Speaker 1: the bodies would run away, and so they were encased 595 00:36:08,880 --> 00:36:12,080 Speaker 1: in these hollow cavities. The people were and dogs and 596 00:36:12,200 --> 00:36:14,200 Speaker 1: you know, all sorts of animals. So he said, why 597 00:36:14,239 --> 00:36:17,600 Speaker 1: don't we inject this, guess, so this plaster into these 598 00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:20,719 Speaker 1: cavities and see what we come up with. And what 599 00:36:20,840 --> 00:36:25,080 Speaker 1: he came up with very famously, We're we're the uh well, 600 00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:27,400 Speaker 1: we're the people of POMPEII, like more than a thousand 601 00:36:27,480 --> 00:36:30,520 Speaker 1: of them. Yeah, do you remember our Molderrama episode that 602 00:36:30,600 --> 00:36:33,040 Speaker 1: just came out. I do remember that. So when these 603 00:36:33,040 --> 00:36:35,960 Speaker 1: people were covered in that ash and their bodies rotted away, 604 00:36:36,120 --> 00:36:39,520 Speaker 1: it left what is effectively emold, and he filled it 605 00:36:39,560 --> 00:36:42,480 Speaker 1: with that that plaster and made plaster casts of them, 606 00:36:42,560 --> 00:36:46,359 Speaker 1: right and and apparently really detailed once I saw him, 607 00:36:46,400 --> 00:36:50,000 Speaker 1: But I didn't see anything as detailed as like Ed 608 00:36:50,040 --> 00:36:52,600 Speaker 1: points out that you can see like the um the 609 00:36:52,760 --> 00:36:56,800 Speaker 1: design somebody had shaved into their pubic hair. That's pretty 610 00:36:56,880 --> 00:37:00,560 Speaker 1: pretty detailed plaster cast of a dead person from two 611 00:37:00,640 --> 00:37:05,640 Speaker 1: thousand years ago. Um, there was you can very famously see, 612 00:37:05,840 --> 00:37:09,520 Speaker 1: um a man like agony on a man's face, like 613 00:37:09,520 --> 00:37:11,480 Speaker 1: like you just captured at the moment of death, just 614 00:37:11,560 --> 00:37:16,840 Speaker 1: basically flash frozen a lot like Hansolo and carbonite. Yeah, 615 00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:19,480 Speaker 1: it was. It was a huge, huge find and it 616 00:37:19,560 --> 00:37:23,400 Speaker 1: just kind of shook the world, and uh, reproductions and 617 00:37:23,480 --> 00:37:26,640 Speaker 1: photos of all these casts became the sensation of the 618 00:37:26,760 --> 00:37:30,160 Speaker 1: day all over the world. Um. Like I said, there's 619 00:37:29,920 --> 00:37:33,520 Speaker 1: a very famous one of a dog kind of writhing 620 00:37:33,520 --> 00:37:35,560 Speaker 1: in pain on his back. It's one of the more 621 00:37:35,600 --> 00:37:37,600 Speaker 1: sad ones. It looked like he had a collar onto 622 00:37:38,239 --> 00:37:40,880 Speaker 1: which is interesting although that I've later seen where that 623 00:37:40,960 --> 00:37:44,359 Speaker 1: might have been a fake, which I don't fully understand. Yeah, 624 00:37:44,640 --> 00:37:46,400 Speaker 1: I hadn't seen that at all because there were no 625 00:37:46,440 --> 00:37:49,319 Speaker 1: bones inside of it. Uh so they're not quite sure 626 00:37:49,320 --> 00:37:52,520 Speaker 1: about that one. But um, they're just some really sad 627 00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:55,760 Speaker 1: ones of like what is clearly a mother like holding 628 00:37:55,760 --> 00:38:00,880 Speaker 1: her child. Um, families and couples and embrace and like 629 00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:04,439 Speaker 1: horrific embrace. Uh And it's just really kind of sad 630 00:38:04,520 --> 00:38:08,040 Speaker 1: to look through these these photos and they kept finding them, 631 00:38:08,080 --> 00:38:10,360 Speaker 1: like all over the place. They were just groups of 632 00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:13,920 Speaker 1: people huddled. When they would excavate a house, uh, they 633 00:38:13,920 --> 00:38:17,839 Speaker 1: would they would find bodies quite frequently, and like you said, 634 00:38:17,920 --> 00:38:21,360 Speaker 1: like in that that that those embraces just caught in 635 00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:24,040 Speaker 1: their last moment, like their literal last moment was just 636 00:38:24,360 --> 00:38:26,799 Speaker 1: caught in time. So it was it was quite a 637 00:38:26,840 --> 00:38:29,920 Speaker 1: fine and like you said, it really definitely caught the 638 00:38:29,960 --> 00:38:33,399 Speaker 1: imagination of the rest of the world. Um, so much 639 00:38:33,440 --> 00:38:36,840 Speaker 1: so that there was like a Greek neo classical revival 640 00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:40,839 Speaker 1: in the Enlightenment period because everyone had Pompey fever when 641 00:38:40,840 --> 00:38:46,200 Speaker 1: it was discovered Pompey fever. Pompey fever catch it. So 642 00:38:46,560 --> 00:38:48,680 Speaker 1: a couple of years ago, I guess a few years 643 00:38:48,719 --> 00:38:53,279 Speaker 1: ago now, a group did CT scans on some of 644 00:38:53,320 --> 00:38:56,200 Speaker 1: these casts about I think thirty or forty of them 645 00:38:56,280 --> 00:38:59,560 Speaker 1: and that dog and that boar uh, and they this 646 00:38:59,640 --> 00:39:03,080 Speaker 1: provide it just a lot more detail of um. So 647 00:39:03,160 --> 00:39:04,920 Speaker 1: if you like, you can look at the casts and 648 00:39:04,920 --> 00:39:06,640 Speaker 1: then look at the CT scan and it kind of 649 00:39:06,640 --> 00:39:09,720 Speaker 1: brings it to life. Uh. And they found it revealed 650 00:39:09,719 --> 00:39:12,920 Speaker 1: a few really interesting things. UM. One is that the 651 00:39:12,960 --> 00:39:16,880 Speaker 1: people of Pompeii had almost perfect teeth, which had been 652 00:39:16,880 --> 00:39:19,800 Speaker 1: really unusual at the time. And they think it's because 653 00:39:19,800 --> 00:39:22,800 Speaker 1: they ate a lot of fruits and vegetables. Very little sugar, 654 00:39:23,160 --> 00:39:26,960 Speaker 1: and that the water was heavily fluoridated, so they all 655 00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:30,960 Speaker 1: had really like nice straight teeth. Um. And then what 656 00:39:31,040 --> 00:39:32,839 Speaker 1: I was talking about the head injuries. This is there's 657 00:39:32,840 --> 00:39:34,960 Speaker 1: an article in the Atlantic called How the People of 658 00:39:35,040 --> 00:39:39,120 Speaker 1: Pompei Really Died, And almost all of these CT scans 659 00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:42,400 Speaker 1: revealed that they had head injuries from getting you know, 660 00:39:42,600 --> 00:39:46,440 Speaker 1: smashed in the head from this volcanic rock. What a 661 00:39:46,480 --> 00:39:48,640 Speaker 1: way to go. Yeah, although I guess it would be 662 00:39:48,760 --> 00:39:52,800 Speaker 1: quick right well, either way, even if it's that, or 663 00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:56,120 Speaker 1: if it's um what you were saying, it's not the 664 00:39:56,160 --> 00:39:59,160 Speaker 1: slow suffocating death that they used to think it was, 665 00:39:59,680 --> 00:40:03,719 Speaker 1: which is way better. Um. I saw also check there 666 00:40:03,760 --> 00:40:08,200 Speaker 1: was an excavation of like a latrine, I guess, and 667 00:40:08,200 --> 00:40:10,640 Speaker 1: and just a normal housing block where poor people or 668 00:40:10,719 --> 00:40:15,320 Speaker 1: middle class workers would have lived. And um, they found 669 00:40:15,400 --> 00:40:18,759 Speaker 1: evidence of really great diets. And they think that the 670 00:40:18,800 --> 00:40:22,320 Speaker 1: people of Pompeii, the rich people actually probably ate a 671 00:40:22,360 --> 00:40:26,160 Speaker 1: little worse because they ate slightly richer food. But uh, 672 00:40:26,320 --> 00:40:29,719 Speaker 1: everyone there, including the lower classes, were very like well 673 00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:33,040 Speaker 1: fed on very healthy foods, basically like the Mediterranean diet 674 00:40:33,080 --> 00:40:36,080 Speaker 1: like you think of today. Um. And that they were 675 00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:43,400 Speaker 1: also taller on average than the citizens of the area today. Interesting. Yeah, 676 00:40:43,480 --> 00:40:45,839 Speaker 1: it's usually the exact opposite if you think about it. 677 00:40:45,840 --> 00:40:50,120 Speaker 1: You know, George Washington four ft tall. Everybody knows that 678 00:40:50,480 --> 00:40:53,719 Speaker 1: they They also found in some of the um I 679 00:40:53,760 --> 00:40:57,680 Speaker 1: think the runoff into the drainage systems or something they found. 680 00:40:57,760 --> 00:40:59,520 Speaker 1: You know, you were talking about the rich people eating 681 00:41:00,520 --> 00:41:04,320 Speaker 1: more exotic meats. They found evidence at the eight Sea urchin. 682 00:41:05,160 --> 00:41:08,200 Speaker 1: So I'll give him that because people eat that flamingo 683 00:41:08,960 --> 00:41:13,960 Speaker 1: hadn't seen that one. I know it's coming there. Giraffe. Yeah, 684 00:41:14,400 --> 00:41:16,719 Speaker 1: who looks at a giraffe and says, I wonder what 685 00:41:16,760 --> 00:41:20,960 Speaker 1: that tastes like? And then does it? Follows through on it? 686 00:41:20,960 --> 00:41:23,680 Speaker 1: It's the following through part that really knocks my socks off. 687 00:41:24,840 --> 00:41:28,239 Speaker 1: So those are some recent excavations, right, yeah, I mean 688 00:41:28,239 --> 00:41:30,399 Speaker 1: this is the kind of stuff that has come out 689 00:41:30,480 --> 00:41:34,920 Speaker 1: with things like DNA analysis. Okay, so so this is 690 00:41:35,400 --> 00:41:39,919 Speaker 1: extraordinarily new as far as Pompey goes. POMPEII is it's 691 00:41:39,960 --> 00:41:42,480 Speaker 1: really cool because it's got its ancient history when it 692 00:41:42,560 --> 00:41:45,000 Speaker 1: was covered over by Vesuvius, but then it also has 693 00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:49,000 Speaker 1: a secondary history of its discovery and then it's it's 694 00:41:49,040 --> 00:41:54,600 Speaker 1: excavations since then, and apparently it's the longest continuously excavated 695 00:41:54,680 --> 00:41:59,800 Speaker 1: site in the world as far as archaeology goes. I 696 00:42:00,000 --> 00:42:03,800 Speaker 1: wouldn't I wouldn't be surprised. It is extraordinarily big Um 697 00:42:03,920 --> 00:42:07,719 Speaker 1: and the the fact that it's been around for so long, 698 00:42:07,800 --> 00:42:10,280 Speaker 1: it's been excavated for so long, it was basically there 699 00:42:10,719 --> 00:42:15,440 Speaker 1: when archaeology was born. Archaeological techniques that have been developed 700 00:42:15,440 --> 00:42:18,360 Speaker 1: over the age have all been tried and tested and 701 00:42:19,120 --> 00:42:23,680 Speaker 1: frequently discarded at Pompeii UH And as a result, a 702 00:42:23,680 --> 00:42:26,239 Speaker 1: lot of those early ones that were just just not 703 00:42:26,440 --> 00:42:30,240 Speaker 1: very smart have actually had a They've had a pretty 704 00:42:30,280 --> 00:42:34,120 Speaker 1: tough effect on the town. Like um, the frescoes. They 705 00:42:34,160 --> 00:42:38,319 Speaker 1: discovered frescoes, which are paintings on plaster walls all over 706 00:42:38,360 --> 00:42:42,600 Speaker 1: the town. Most houses had really beautiful frescoes, and the 707 00:42:42,960 --> 00:42:45,000 Speaker 1: workers were like, well, these are gonna flake off. This 708 00:42:45,080 --> 00:42:47,640 Speaker 1: is back in the nineties, so we need to we 709 00:42:47,680 --> 00:42:50,720 Speaker 1: need to do something. So they covered him in paraffin wax, 710 00:42:51,080 --> 00:42:54,080 Speaker 1: which I guess it makes sense. It's covered in wax. 711 00:42:54,120 --> 00:42:55,560 Speaker 1: We can figure out what to do with it later. 712 00:42:55,760 --> 00:42:57,920 Speaker 1: Maybe we never will, but you can still kind of 713 00:42:57,960 --> 00:43:02,480 Speaker 1: see through it. The problem is that the pigments bonded 714 00:43:02,560 --> 00:43:06,800 Speaker 1: to the wax, not just rubbed off, like molecularly bonded 715 00:43:06,880 --> 00:43:11,200 Speaker 1: with the wax. And then as water grew behind the 716 00:43:11,239 --> 00:43:14,840 Speaker 1: walls and seeped through the walls behind the painting, it 717 00:43:14,920 --> 00:43:18,120 Speaker 1: pushed the painting off the walls onto the wax. So 718 00:43:18,160 --> 00:43:20,400 Speaker 1: now if you want to get this wax off, they 719 00:43:20,560 --> 00:43:23,920 Speaker 1: finally developed a technique where you can use a laser 720 00:43:24,040 --> 00:43:27,720 Speaker 1: that just removes the wax and leaves the pigment. But um, 721 00:43:27,760 --> 00:43:30,160 Speaker 1: that's extraordinarily new to I think just in the last 722 00:43:30,160 --> 00:43:32,400 Speaker 1: couple of years they started using that. Before then they 723 00:43:32,400 --> 00:43:34,560 Speaker 1: would do things like use gasoline and stuff to get 724 00:43:34,600 --> 00:43:36,560 Speaker 1: the wax off and it would just take the fresco 725 00:43:36,640 --> 00:43:42,040 Speaker 1: clean off. Yeah, I'm surprised there's anything left between being 726 00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:52,840 Speaker 1: continually rated um, earthquakes since then, World War Two, since then, vandals, tourists, rainwater. Uh, 727 00:43:53,080 --> 00:43:56,560 Speaker 1: it's just like it's been just beaten up for thousand, 728 00:43:56,600 --> 00:43:59,439 Speaker 1: you know, like a couple of thousand years now. But there's, 729 00:43:59,560 --> 00:44:01,920 Speaker 1: like you in there, there's still a lot of stuff there, Yeah, 730 00:44:01,960 --> 00:44:04,799 Speaker 1: there is. I think they they've uncovered two thirds of it, 731 00:44:05,320 --> 00:44:08,440 Speaker 1: they think, and so they've gotten to this point now 732 00:44:08,440 --> 00:44:10,280 Speaker 1: where they're like, okay, wait a minute, wait a minute. 733 00:44:10,400 --> 00:44:13,120 Speaker 1: I think in the nineteen nineties, whoever was the director 734 00:44:13,160 --> 00:44:16,640 Speaker 1: of archaeology at Pompey said we need to stop excavating. 735 00:44:17,000 --> 00:44:21,000 Speaker 1: We're gonna leave the what's left for later generations who 736 00:44:21,040 --> 00:44:24,400 Speaker 1: have better techniques to to uncover, and we're going to 737 00:44:24,440 --> 00:44:28,480 Speaker 1: focus on preserving what's here now. Um, which is a 738 00:44:28,480 --> 00:44:32,280 Speaker 1: big deal because it's a World Heritage site. And UNESCO 739 00:44:32,400 --> 00:44:36,480 Speaker 1: basically came in in two thirteen and they effectively condemned it. 740 00:44:36,680 --> 00:44:39,239 Speaker 1: Like what a city would do to a building that 741 00:44:39,280 --> 00:44:41,680 Speaker 1: was falling down. That's what you meant new Unesco did 742 00:44:41,719 --> 00:44:44,040 Speaker 1: to the Pompey site. They said, this this thing is toast, 743 00:44:44,120 --> 00:44:47,480 Speaker 1: it's it's they put it on the Endanger List. Uh. 744 00:44:47,560 --> 00:44:50,680 Speaker 1: And one of the big reasons is is tourists, Well, 745 00:44:50,719 --> 00:44:53,399 Speaker 1: while when you're there you're like, are are you sure 746 00:44:53,480 --> 00:44:55,600 Speaker 1: I'm allowed to be sitting on this thing and taking 747 00:44:55,600 --> 00:44:59,200 Speaker 1: a funny picture or I'm I'm really allowed to walk 748 00:44:59,239 --> 00:45:03,240 Speaker 1: through here? They let you go almost everywhere on that site, 749 00:45:03,320 --> 00:45:06,319 Speaker 1: touch everything, run around. It's it's just like a big 750 00:45:06,360 --> 00:45:10,120 Speaker 1: playground basically, and you have to stop and remind yourself, wait, 751 00:45:10,120 --> 00:45:15,040 Speaker 1: this is an archaeological site in operations still and um 752 00:45:15,160 --> 00:45:18,080 Speaker 1: they they the the fact that tourists have been allowed 753 00:45:18,120 --> 00:45:19,439 Speaker 1: to do that for so long, it's had a huge 754 00:45:19,440 --> 00:45:23,320 Speaker 1: effect on the deterioration of the site itself too. Yeah. 755 00:45:23,520 --> 00:45:27,560 Speaker 1: Well not only that, but it's um, it's been corrupt 756 00:45:27,719 --> 00:45:32,359 Speaker 1: over the years, the management of these ruins. UM. A 757 00:45:32,360 --> 00:45:35,080 Speaker 1: lot of the structures have collapsed over time completely and 758 00:45:35,160 --> 00:45:38,520 Speaker 1: gone away. And then finally in two thousand and twelve, 759 00:45:38,640 --> 00:45:41,920 Speaker 1: the EU and the Italian government finally got together and said, listen, 760 00:45:41,920 --> 00:45:45,080 Speaker 1: we need to really reinvest in this in this find here, 761 00:45:45,719 --> 00:45:48,600 Speaker 1: and it's called the Great Pompeii Project, and they invested 762 00:45:48,640 --> 00:45:52,680 Speaker 1: about a hundred hundred and five million euros to try 763 00:45:52,719 --> 00:45:56,719 Speaker 1: and repair and preserve what they have left. UM. I'm 764 00:45:56,719 --> 00:46:00,800 Speaker 1: surprised they haven't closed down more parts of it, because, 765 00:46:00,840 --> 00:46:03,640 Speaker 1: like you said, you can still go everywhere. But what 766 00:46:03,680 --> 00:46:06,200 Speaker 1: they have done is restored a lot of these frescoes 767 00:46:06,239 --> 00:46:09,840 Speaker 1: and mosaics, like you were saying, Um, a lot of 768 00:46:09,840 --> 00:46:13,520 Speaker 1: the best work has been done in the last five years. Yeah, 769 00:46:13,640 --> 00:46:16,839 Speaker 1: easily to try and get this thing preserved as much 770 00:46:16,880 --> 00:46:18,800 Speaker 1: as they can at this point. Yeah. And one of 771 00:46:18,840 --> 00:46:21,880 Speaker 1: the things that got them going was the um the 772 00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:25,560 Speaker 1: gladiator school, which is a pretty big structure that housed 773 00:46:25,560 --> 00:46:29,360 Speaker 1: the gladiators where they trained in town, and it it crumbled, 774 00:46:29,440 --> 00:46:32,799 Speaker 1: it felt it turned into ruins um because it had 775 00:46:32,880 --> 00:46:36,520 Speaker 1: gotten eroded I think by drainage. And one of the 776 00:46:36,520 --> 00:46:38,920 Speaker 1: things they're figuring out now is that there was a 777 00:46:38,920 --> 00:46:44,160 Speaker 1: pretty decent sewer system underneath these towns, but that pyroclastic 778 00:46:44,160 --> 00:46:47,720 Speaker 1: flow covered it all up, so the water has nowhere 779 00:46:47,760 --> 00:46:49,560 Speaker 1: to go but over the ruins. And over the last 780 00:46:49,600 --> 00:46:52,200 Speaker 1: hundred and fifty years it's eroded some of these buildings. 781 00:46:52,239 --> 00:46:56,480 Speaker 1: That's another thing they're dealing with. Two. And I don't 782 00:46:56,520 --> 00:46:59,720 Speaker 1: know if you said enough of the Herculaneum conservation project, 783 00:47:00,360 --> 00:47:03,799 Speaker 1: did you mention that, uh, the Great Pompei or the 784 00:47:03,800 --> 00:47:08,080 Speaker 1: Herculaneum the Herculaneum. So there's a there's like a model 785 00:47:08,160 --> 00:47:10,879 Speaker 1: for for dealing with these sites, to preserve these sites, 786 00:47:10,920 --> 00:47:13,799 Speaker 1: and it's in Herculaneum. It was apparently worse off than 787 00:47:13,840 --> 00:47:17,120 Speaker 1: pomp Pay for a long time, and the public private 788 00:47:17,120 --> 00:47:20,640 Speaker 1: partnership took control of the thing, and now it's like 789 00:47:20,719 --> 00:47:24,719 Speaker 1: the model of how to how to rescue sites like this. 790 00:47:25,120 --> 00:47:28,200 Speaker 1: So it's possible that Pompeii project will will be successful 791 00:47:28,320 --> 00:47:32,000 Speaker 1: and in like twenty years there will probably be walkways 792 00:47:32,040 --> 00:47:35,080 Speaker 1: everywhere that are raised above ground and you won't be 793 00:47:35,080 --> 00:47:38,160 Speaker 1: able to touch anything. Um. I would guess if you 794 00:47:38,200 --> 00:47:40,719 Speaker 1: want to be able to touch Pompey, you should go 795 00:47:40,760 --> 00:47:42,480 Speaker 1: in the next few years, because I don't think they're 796 00:47:42,480 --> 00:47:45,359 Speaker 1: gonna keep allowing that for much longer. If you want 797 00:47:45,360 --> 00:47:47,920 Speaker 1: to touch Pompeii, if you want to touch it, do 798 00:47:48,000 --> 00:47:51,200 Speaker 1: you got anything else? Well, it's Pompey, man, we did 799 00:47:51,200 --> 00:47:56,720 Speaker 1: it finally. Okay, Well, if you want to touch Pompeii, 800 00:47:56,960 --> 00:48:00,279 Speaker 1: you should go to Pompeii. Uh. And in the mean time, 801 00:48:00,280 --> 00:48:02,640 Speaker 1: while you're waiting to do that, you should type pomp 802 00:48:02,640 --> 00:48:05,040 Speaker 1: pay into the search bart how stuff works dot com, 803 00:48:05,080 --> 00:48:07,920 Speaker 1: which we'll bring up this great article by the grap stor. 804 00:48:08,000 --> 00:48:10,200 Speaker 1: And since I said graps, there's time for listener mail. 805 00:48:12,719 --> 00:48:16,800 Speaker 1: I'm gonna call this Artifacts and our Monuments from Germany. Hey, guys, 806 00:48:16,800 --> 00:48:20,000 Speaker 1: just finish the episode on public monument removal and it 807 00:48:20,080 --> 00:48:21,920 Speaker 1: was fantastic as usual. It made me think of the 808 00:48:21,960 --> 00:48:25,200 Speaker 1: monument removal in other parts of the world, in particular 809 00:48:25,320 --> 00:48:28,319 Speaker 1: in Germany. Comes to mind because I studied German all 810 00:48:28,320 --> 00:48:30,560 Speaker 1: through high school and college to a study abroad there 811 00:48:30,600 --> 00:48:35,120 Speaker 1: first summer. The way German street. Their Nazi history is different. UM. 812 00:48:35,160 --> 00:48:37,800 Speaker 1: By no means an expert, but as I understand that 813 00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:39,960 Speaker 1: they do everything in their power to prevent their citizens 814 00:48:40,280 --> 00:48:44,279 Speaker 1: from idolizing or idealizing Nazi Germany. UM, you can't buy 815 00:48:44,320 --> 00:48:47,560 Speaker 1: mind comp which I think that's true. Didn't it? I 816 00:48:47,600 --> 00:48:50,600 Speaker 1: think so. There are no statues or monuments of any kind. 817 00:48:50,920 --> 00:48:53,680 Speaker 1: They're not sanitizing their history or pretending it didn't happen, 818 00:48:54,040 --> 00:48:57,680 Speaker 1: but they don't want to commemorate it either. Anyway. In 819 00:48:57,760 --> 00:48:59,920 Speaker 1: honor of today being the day the Berlin Wall has 820 00:49:00,000 --> 00:49:02,880 Speaker 1: has been gone longer than it was up, I'd like 821 00:49:02,960 --> 00:49:05,920 Speaker 1: to recommend that you see the movie Goodbye Lennon if 822 00:49:05,920 --> 00:49:07,799 Speaker 1: you haven't never seen it. It's great. It takes place 823 00:49:07,800 --> 00:49:10,160 Speaker 1: when the Berlin Wall comes down in the first year 824 00:49:10,239 --> 00:49:13,560 Speaker 1: or so after during German reunification. Funny and thoughtful and 825 00:49:13,640 --> 00:49:16,400 Speaker 1: sad and just really really good. It's one of my 826 00:49:16,440 --> 00:49:19,160 Speaker 1: favorite movies. And no spoilers, but it has my favorite 827 00:49:19,200 --> 00:49:23,000 Speaker 1: scene ever of a monument being removed. UM and I 828 00:49:23,040 --> 00:49:25,960 Speaker 1: looked it up. It was I think it was nominated 829 00:49:25,960 --> 00:49:28,879 Speaker 1: for Golden Globe for Best Foreign Film and a host 830 00:49:28,960 --> 00:49:31,560 Speaker 1: of other like Baptis and European Awards. So it looks 831 00:49:31,560 --> 00:49:34,440 Speaker 1: pretty good. Um, look forward to you in the new episodes. 832 00:49:34,760 --> 00:49:37,440 Speaker 1: And that is from Ellie. Nice. Thanks a lot, Ellie 833 00:49:37,520 --> 00:49:40,880 Speaker 1: appreciate that email, very thoughtful. I don't think Germany was 834 00:49:40,920 --> 00:49:43,440 Speaker 1: even allowed to have a flag for a while. I'm 835 00:49:43,480 --> 00:49:47,680 Speaker 1: not mistaken. Yeah. Um, all right, well that's it. If 836 00:49:47,719 --> 00:49:49,520 Speaker 1: you want to get in touch with us, you can 837 00:49:49,520 --> 00:49:52,080 Speaker 1: tweet to us. I'm at josh Um Clark and s 838 00:49:52,200 --> 00:49:55,680 Speaker 1: y s K podcast, Chuck's at Facebook dot com, slash 839 00:49:55,719 --> 00:49:58,520 Speaker 1: stuff you Should Know and slash Charles W. Chuck Bryant. 840 00:49:58,960 --> 00:50:01,160 Speaker 1: You can send us an email to Stuff Podcast, how 841 00:50:01,200 --> 00:50:03,520 Speaker 1: stuff Works dot com and it's always joined us at 842 00:50:03,560 --> 00:50:05,640 Speaker 1: our home on the web, Stuff you Should Know dot 843 00:50:05,640 --> 00:50:12,600 Speaker 1: com for more on this and thousands of other topics. 844 00:50:12,840 --> 00:50:20,600 Speaker 1: Is it how Stuff Works dot com. M