1 00:00:01,280 --> 00:00:04,320 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You missed in History Class, a production 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,440 Speaker 1: of I Heart Radio. Hello and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,480 --> 00:00:17,000 Speaker 1: I'm Holly Fry and I'm Tracy Vie Wilson. And a 4 00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:20,960 Speaker 1: little bit of business before we get into today's episode. Uh. 5 00:00:21,320 --> 00:00:24,400 Speaker 1: We normally, in the course of any given year would 6 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:28,080 Speaker 1: probably tour a little bit hell little maybe some live shows, 7 00:00:28,360 --> 00:00:31,120 Speaker 1: maybe someone off live shows that were asked to go 8 00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:33,040 Speaker 1: to places and do them, or we would have our 9 00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:36,360 Speaker 1: own tour. Uh. And one of the best parts about 10 00:00:36,400 --> 00:00:39,239 Speaker 1: those for us is getting to do Q and A 11 00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:42,159 Speaker 1: with the audience, and we really miss it, so uh, 12 00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:44,680 Speaker 1: we thought it might be a good thing to do 13 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:47,200 Speaker 1: our own little Q and A that is a non 14 00:00:47,320 --> 00:00:51,919 Speaker 1: touring version in which you are listeners can send us 15 00:00:52,080 --> 00:00:56,240 Speaker 1: questions uh and then we will pull as many as 16 00:00:56,320 --> 00:00:59,240 Speaker 1: we can and make an episode out of us answering 17 00:00:59,320 --> 00:01:01,680 Speaker 1: those questions. So, if you would like to submit a 18 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:03,840 Speaker 1: question for a Q and A episode, you need to 19 00:01:03,840 --> 00:01:07,200 Speaker 1: do that by June twelve. Uh. And you can do 20 00:01:07,240 --> 00:01:10,280 Speaker 1: that by sending it to History Podcast at I heart 21 00:01:10,360 --> 00:01:14,080 Speaker 1: radio dot com and that way we will get it 22 00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:18,120 Speaker 1: and hopefully read it and then answer it in the 23 00:01:19,319 --> 00:01:23,840 Speaker 1: It could be your burning questions about previous episodes, how 24 00:01:23,880 --> 00:01:28,600 Speaker 1: we record something totally unrelated that you've either thought about 25 00:01:28,720 --> 00:01:31,560 Speaker 1: or wondered about, or you know, you can ask us 26 00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:35,039 Speaker 1: questions about ourselves. Depending on how personal they get, we 27 00:01:35,120 --> 00:01:38,399 Speaker 1: may or may not include them, but please do send 28 00:01:38,400 --> 00:01:41,440 Speaker 1: those to us. Again. That is History Podcast at iHeart 29 00:01:41,480 --> 00:01:44,000 Speaker 1: radio dot com and we need them by June twelve, 30 00:01:44,120 --> 00:01:46,560 Speaker 1: so we can't wait to hear from you. Now on 31 00:01:46,560 --> 00:01:51,400 Speaker 1: to today's episode. Uh. John Steinbeck published a novel it 32 00:01:51,400 --> 00:01:54,760 Speaker 1: became very popular called Cannary Row, which is kind of 33 00:01:54,800 --> 00:01:59,320 Speaker 1: a slice of life look at a small community in Monterey, California, 34 00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:02,600 Speaker 1: And Stiby had actually been born in nearby Selina's and 35 00:02:02,600 --> 00:02:04,800 Speaker 1: then lived in Monterey for more than a decade from 36 00:02:04,880 --> 00:02:08,320 Speaker 1: nineteen thirty nine with his first wife, And that novel 37 00:02:08,440 --> 00:02:10,800 Speaker 1: is really a very loving look at the place and 38 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:13,120 Speaker 1: the people who lived there. And he wrote it though 39 00:02:13,160 --> 00:02:16,520 Speaker 1: after he had moved away. But Canary Row is of 40 00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:19,480 Speaker 1: course a real place, although it was not called that 41 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:21,680 Speaker 1: until after the novel was written. It was just Ocean 42 00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:24,440 Speaker 1: View Avenue. Before that it was just wagon tracks, and 43 00:02:24,520 --> 00:02:27,480 Speaker 1: before that it was occupied by indigenous peoples and did 44 00:02:27,560 --> 00:02:32,320 Speaker 1: not have roads. Uh, they'll probably paths today. Canary Row 45 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:35,000 Speaker 1: is a really busy tourism center. If you have ever 46 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:36,760 Speaker 1: been there, you know what I'm talking about. But I 47 00:02:36,760 --> 00:02:38,480 Speaker 1: thought it would be interesting to look at some of 48 00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:41,839 Speaker 1: its history, from before it was home to any white settlers, 49 00:02:41,840 --> 00:02:44,320 Speaker 1: through the heyday of its time as a fishing and 50 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:47,120 Speaker 1: canning center, and then how it evolved to be the 51 00:02:47,160 --> 00:02:50,600 Speaker 1: place it is today. So true story on the genesis 52 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:54,600 Speaker 1: or this episode. I have been really, really quite comfortable 53 00:02:54,680 --> 00:02:58,560 Speaker 1: and content being home all the time through this pandemic isolation. 54 00:02:58,639 --> 00:03:00,400 Speaker 1: I feel like I'm one of the luck elands that 55 00:03:00,520 --> 00:03:03,359 Speaker 1: I It has not troubled me. I mean, the pandemic 56 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:05,840 Speaker 1: itself is stressful, but in terms of just having to 57 00:03:05,919 --> 00:03:07,960 Speaker 1: stay in my home for a couple of months, that 58 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:10,799 Speaker 1: has not been a problem at all. But I'm missing 59 00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:13,440 Speaker 1: travel a little bit. It started to express itself to 60 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:16,720 Speaker 1: me by just having dreams about trips I have been on. 61 00:03:17,120 --> 00:03:20,320 Speaker 1: They're not fantastical, They're literally like watching movies of trips 62 00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:24,160 Speaker 1: out down UH. And one of them UH is a 63 00:03:24,200 --> 00:03:26,560 Speaker 1: trip that I have been waxing a little rhapsodic about, 64 00:03:26,560 --> 00:03:28,760 Speaker 1: which was a day last year that I just spent 65 00:03:28,840 --> 00:03:32,320 Speaker 1: driving out too and hanging out in Monterey with one 66 00:03:32,360 --> 00:03:34,880 Speaker 1: of my dearest friends. Uh So, I thought this would 67 00:03:34,880 --> 00:03:37,000 Speaker 1: be a nice way to revisit that. And I hope 68 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:39,440 Speaker 1: that we can all go wherever it hurts desire soon 69 00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:42,800 Speaker 1: and all of us with travel bugs or anyone who 70 00:03:42,880 --> 00:03:44,800 Speaker 1: is getting a little tired of being in the house 71 00:03:45,240 --> 00:03:49,040 Speaker 1: will soon be past that. So I very similarly have 72 00:03:49,120 --> 00:03:55,240 Speaker 1: been simultaneously feeling very lucky and missing getting out and 73 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:58,440 Speaker 1: doing some stuff. So a lot of sources that look 74 00:03:58,480 --> 00:04:01,920 Speaker 1: at the history of Canary Row start with the settlement 75 00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:05,680 Speaker 1: of a Chinese fishing village in the eighteen fifties. Obviously 76 00:04:05,720 --> 00:04:08,200 Speaker 1: that's an important part of the story, but it also 77 00:04:08,480 --> 00:04:12,040 Speaker 1: leaves out a really significant precursor to that, which is 78 00:04:12,080 --> 00:04:15,320 Speaker 1: the Alonei people. The Alonei had lived along what is 79 00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:19,240 Speaker 1: now the California coast from Big Sur north to San Francisco. 80 00:04:20,080 --> 00:04:22,840 Speaker 1: For context, Monterey is about thirty miles north of Big Sur, 81 00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:26,080 Speaker 1: and the alone were not all grouped together under one 82 00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:29,320 Speaker 1: umbrella for a long time. In the mid seventeen hundreds, 83 00:04:29,360 --> 00:04:32,080 Speaker 1: when they become part of the record for European settlers, 84 00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:36,000 Speaker 1: there were approximately ten thousand Alonei people living on the coast, 85 00:04:36,320 --> 00:04:40,720 Speaker 1: spread across forty to fifty different tribal communities. The languages 86 00:04:40,839 --> 00:04:43,560 Speaker 1: among these communities and tribes, which you will sometimes see 87 00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:47,040 Speaker 1: called tribe let's varied, and again they did not consider 88 00:04:47,080 --> 00:04:50,039 Speaker 1: themselves one people, although it's certainly possible they may have 89 00:04:50,120 --> 00:04:52,280 Speaker 1: stemmed from the same group at one point thousands of 90 00:04:52,360 --> 00:04:56,479 Speaker 1: years back, and they mixed socially, including intermarrying among the 91 00:04:56,520 --> 00:04:59,920 Speaker 1: various groups. The subgroup that is most closely linked to 92 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:03,080 Speaker 1: the immediate Monterey area was the rooms or rooms in 93 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:06,320 Speaker 1: which will also see it spelled as uh. They were 94 00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:09,400 Speaker 1: most local to the area we're talking about today. The 95 00:05:09,600 --> 00:05:12,600 Speaker 1: Oloni lived through hunting and gathering with their own art 96 00:05:12,680 --> 00:05:15,240 Speaker 1: and culture in the Bay area for more than ten 97 00:05:15,320 --> 00:05:18,640 Speaker 1: thousand years up until the arrival of Europeans that we 98 00:05:18,680 --> 00:05:22,280 Speaker 1: mentioned just a moment ago. As early as sixteen o two, 99 00:05:22,600 --> 00:05:25,560 Speaker 1: the people native to the region probably had some kind 100 00:05:25,560 --> 00:05:28,800 Speaker 1: of contact with Spanish explorers. That was the year that 101 00:05:28,880 --> 00:05:32,440 Speaker 1: Sebastian de Visa kind of visited the Bay area looking 102 00:05:32,480 --> 00:05:36,480 Speaker 1: for a place to harbor ships. Spanish explorers Don Gaspar 103 00:05:36,600 --> 00:05:39,520 Speaker 1: de Portola and father Juan Crespy were some of the 104 00:05:39,560 --> 00:05:41,919 Speaker 1: first to visit the area with the intent of actually 105 00:05:42,040 --> 00:05:45,080 Speaker 1: staying there. But that didn't happen until much later in 106 00:05:45,120 --> 00:05:49,080 Speaker 1: the late seventeen sixties. Accounts written by the Spanish in 107 00:05:49,080 --> 00:05:53,320 Speaker 1: those early years mentioned the numerous established villages of the 108 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:57,680 Speaker 1: Alone who, although they referred to them as costano initially 109 00:05:57,839 --> 00:06:02,880 Speaker 1: literally just meaning coastal people um, that evolved into coast 110 00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:06,159 Speaker 1: to ohen. Yeah, you will still see sometimes in older 111 00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:09,200 Speaker 1: scholarly articles the Alonei referred to as coast and Owen's 112 00:06:10,360 --> 00:06:13,560 Speaker 1: and the Spanish did indeed set up mission settlements as planned. 113 00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:17,000 Speaker 1: There were seven built between the years of seventeen seventy 114 00:06:17,080 --> 00:06:23,320 Speaker 1: and sevente Dolores, San Carlos, Solidad, San Juan Bautista, Santa Cruz, 115 00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:26,800 Speaker 1: Santa Clara, and San Jose. And as the missions moved in, 116 00:06:26,880 --> 00:06:29,719 Speaker 1: the Alonei worked with the settlers. Often they would move 117 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:32,960 Speaker 1: their huts closer to the nearest mission, and they started 118 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:36,760 Speaker 1: integrating into those mission communities as they were evangelized to 119 00:06:36,920 --> 00:06:41,320 Speaker 1: leave their tribal ways behind and convert to Christianity. This 120 00:06:41,520 --> 00:06:46,920 Speaker 1: proved disastrous. By eighteen fifty, the Alone population was deeply depleted, 121 00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:52,000 Speaker 1: diseases contracted from the European settlers, high infant mortality rates 122 00:06:52,279 --> 00:06:56,599 Speaker 1: and genocide. Under the guise of protecting white settlers had 123 00:06:56,600 --> 00:06:59,200 Speaker 1: claimed the lives of most of the indigenous peoples of 124 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:03,520 Speaker 1: the coast. There are contemporary organizations that have established groups 125 00:07:03,560 --> 00:07:07,000 Speaker 1: of Alonei descendants and traced back through those mission records. 126 00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:10,440 Speaker 1: They've regained some of their tribal culture, including reviving some 127 00:07:10,520 --> 00:07:13,280 Speaker 1: of those languages that had been spoken by the tribelets 128 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:18,400 Speaker 1: that are now grouped under the colony umbrella. Additionally, there 129 00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:22,480 Speaker 1: are efforts being made to get federal recognition from the 130 00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:26,320 Speaker 1: Bureau of Indian Affairs and an ongoing effort in California 131 00:07:26,400 --> 00:07:30,400 Speaker 1: to have an Alonei cultural center established on land that 132 00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:34,520 Speaker 1: was taken from them previously. So when Chinese immigrants settled 133 00:07:34,520 --> 00:07:37,920 Speaker 1: in the area just as California was beginning its statehood, 134 00:07:37,960 --> 00:07:40,520 Speaker 1: there was not much left of the Alonei to document. 135 00:07:41,120 --> 00:07:43,520 Speaker 1: And while the Chinese settlers in the Bay Area and 136 00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:47,040 Speaker 1: specifically Monterey were essential in establishing what would become the 137 00:07:47,080 --> 00:07:52,200 Speaker 1: area's identity, their origins there are less than spectacularly documented. 138 00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:56,040 Speaker 1: For one, there's a lack of clarity about where specifically 139 00:07:56,080 --> 00:07:59,800 Speaker 1: they first started living and fishing. The first camp might 140 00:07:59,800 --> 00:08:01,720 Speaker 1: have been in a place that was a few miles 141 00:08:01,760 --> 00:08:05,080 Speaker 1: south of the now famous waterfront strip of Canary Row 142 00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:09,680 Speaker 1: at Point Lobos and on Carmel Bay. Coming from a 143 00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:13,760 Speaker 1: fishing culture, these settlers from Asia are believed to have 144 00:08:13,960 --> 00:08:17,680 Speaker 1: quickly realized just how ample their potential take was there 145 00:08:17,720 --> 00:08:20,280 Speaker 1: on the Pacific coast of North America, and to have 146 00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:24,360 Speaker 1: quickly set up additional camps at Pescadero and Point Alones. 147 00:08:25,240 --> 00:08:28,200 Speaker 1: If you look up Point Alone is on a modern map, 148 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:30,480 Speaker 1: you'll see it's right there in the mixt of the 149 00:08:30,520 --> 00:08:34,280 Speaker 1: tourist district that has grown around Canary Row. Yeah, that 150 00:08:34,360 --> 00:08:36,720 Speaker 1: really is kind of a central point of all of this. 151 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:39,560 Speaker 1: And by the mid eighteen fifties, so just a few 152 00:08:39,600 --> 00:08:43,280 Speaker 1: years after they started fishing, their hundreds of Chinese fishermen 153 00:08:43,640 --> 00:08:48,199 Speaker 1: were turning the area into a commercial fishing enterprise. Initially 154 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:51,160 Speaker 1: they would dive and gather abalone, and then they moved 155 00:08:51,160 --> 00:08:54,679 Speaker 1: on to other catches and different fishing when competition from 156 00:08:54,720 --> 00:08:58,680 Speaker 1: other fishermen, who realized that these Chinese fishermen were really 157 00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:04,280 Speaker 1: onto something potentially um fiscally beneficial, kind of made it 158 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:07,080 Speaker 1: a little more difficult for the Chinese to continue to 159 00:09:07,120 --> 00:09:11,440 Speaker 1: do so, so they started fishing for yellowtail, flounder, cod 160 00:09:11,559 --> 00:09:15,880 Speaker 1: and sardines. Among others. In the next fifty years, fishing 161 00:09:15,880 --> 00:09:19,920 Speaker 1: would become a massive industry as these settlements grew into 162 00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:24,600 Speaker 1: villages and ultimately into larger and more established communities that 163 00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:27,880 Speaker 1: were part of the growing Monterey area. In the early 164 00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:31,920 Speaker 1: nineteen hundreds, daily catches ranging from an estimated two hundred 165 00:09:31,920 --> 00:09:35,160 Speaker 1: to eight hundred pounds were coming into Monterey through the 166 00:09:35,240 --> 00:09:38,640 Speaker 1: Chinese fisheries, and some of the fish was dried and 167 00:09:38,679 --> 00:09:41,400 Speaker 1: then sent back to China. I read one thing that 168 00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:43,839 Speaker 1: this was kind of a trick about salt import that 169 00:09:43,840 --> 00:09:45,880 Speaker 1: they would dry the fish, packet and salt and send 170 00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:47,800 Speaker 1: it back and they could get around some of the 171 00:09:47,800 --> 00:09:50,520 Speaker 1: taxation of salt that was moving uh. And then the 172 00:09:50,600 --> 00:09:53,800 Speaker 1: junks that would arrive in Monterey Bay would offload goods 173 00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:57,000 Speaker 1: for importers there and those would eventually move to San Francisco, 174 00:09:57,320 --> 00:09:59,280 Speaker 1: and then they would reload with all of this dried 175 00:09:59,280 --> 00:10:01,880 Speaker 1: fish to take at home, and some of the fish 176 00:10:01,920 --> 00:10:04,959 Speaker 1: was also sold to markets in San Francisco. The main 177 00:10:05,040 --> 00:10:08,040 Speaker 1: fishing village that developed eventually became known as China Point. 178 00:10:08,120 --> 00:10:10,840 Speaker 1: That's kind of centered around the Point Alones area, and 179 00:10:10,880 --> 00:10:14,560 Speaker 1: it was running a busy and successful business. But of 180 00:10:14,600 --> 00:10:18,199 Speaker 1: course that level of success from an immigrant community led 181 00:10:18,240 --> 00:10:21,720 Speaker 1: to conflict with other groups because of racism. We've talked 182 00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:25,319 Speaker 1: so many times about laws that were explicitly anti Chinese 183 00:10:25,360 --> 00:10:29,160 Speaker 1: in the nineteenth century, including the Chinese Exclusion Act, which 184 00:10:29,200 --> 00:10:32,640 Speaker 1: forbid immigration from China. But even for people who were 185 00:10:32,640 --> 00:10:35,640 Speaker 1: living entirely with the law and who had contributed to 186 00:10:35,679 --> 00:10:38,559 Speaker 1: the economic success of the area, there was still plenty 187 00:10:38,600 --> 00:10:42,160 Speaker 1: of racism to deal with. Things were relatively peaceful for 188 00:10:42,200 --> 00:10:45,440 Speaker 1: most of the eighteen hundreds, but in the early nineteen hundreds, 189 00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:49,000 Speaker 1: the Chinese population in Monterey, many of whom had had 190 00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:52,439 Speaker 1: been born in California at that point and where US citizens, 191 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:56,200 Speaker 1: faced growing adversity when it came to their neighbors. And 192 00:10:56,240 --> 00:10:59,160 Speaker 1: we're going to get into the complaints that started about 193 00:10:59,160 --> 00:11:01,800 Speaker 1: the Chinese Fish village after we first take a break 194 00:11:01,840 --> 00:11:14,160 Speaker 1: and hear from our sponsors in nineteen o four, complaints 195 00:11:14,160 --> 00:11:17,120 Speaker 1: about the smell of Point Alnis and it's drying fish 196 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:21,200 Speaker 1: escalated rapidly. That land that the Chinese fishing village was 197 00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:24,400 Speaker 1: on was leased to the village by the Pacific Improvement Company. 198 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:26,280 Speaker 1: We're going to come back to this entity in a bit, 199 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:29,840 Speaker 1: and the white community started pressuring the leaseholder to evict 200 00:11:29,840 --> 00:11:33,280 Speaker 1: the Chinese fisherman over this issue of the smell. A 201 00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:36,439 Speaker 1: notice was issued by the landlord that all leases would 202 00:11:36,480 --> 00:11:40,240 Speaker 1: be canceled, and leaders from the fishing village then approached 203 00:11:40,240 --> 00:11:43,760 Speaker 1: the Pacific Improvement Company and they wanted to negotiate and 204 00:11:43,800 --> 00:11:47,440 Speaker 1: find a mutually beneficial solution, and this started to take 205 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:50,439 Speaker 1: shape as a search for another location within the p 206 00:11:50,600 --> 00:11:53,199 Speaker 1: i c s property holdings that would meet the needs 207 00:11:53,200 --> 00:11:56,640 Speaker 1: of the fishermen. But as this potential move was being 208 00:11:56,679 --> 00:11:59,320 Speaker 1: worked out, another event that we've talked about before on 209 00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:02,040 Speaker 1: the show took place, and that was the San Francisco 210 00:12:02,120 --> 00:12:06,559 Speaker 1: earthquake and fires of April six. We mentioned in that 211 00:12:06,640 --> 00:12:10,440 Speaker 1: episode that some of San Francisco's Chinatown residents moved to 212 00:12:10,520 --> 00:12:13,760 Speaker 1: other Chinese communities as refugees, and this was the case 213 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:17,080 Speaker 1: on Monterey. About a hundred and fifty people moved into 214 00:12:17,080 --> 00:12:19,640 Speaker 1: the village at Point Alans and for about a month, 215 00:12:19,760 --> 00:12:23,720 Speaker 1: the landlord backed off of this whole eviction plan. Discussion 216 00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:27,000 Speaker 1: resumed in May, this time of a possible move to 217 00:12:27,040 --> 00:12:30,400 Speaker 1: attractive land at Point Pinos. Yeah. To be clear, I 218 00:12:30,440 --> 00:12:32,880 Speaker 1: don't think they were like, oh, we're in dire times. 219 00:12:32,920 --> 00:12:35,600 Speaker 1: Will be nice. They were busy with their own property 220 00:12:35,679 --> 00:12:38,840 Speaker 1: damage when they kind of stopped pestering them about eviction. 221 00:12:39,920 --> 00:12:45,600 Speaker 1: But then as these negotiations that restarted, uh, we're kind 222 00:12:45,640 --> 00:12:47,440 Speaker 1: of moving along. But they did not get very far 223 00:12:47,559 --> 00:12:50,680 Speaker 1: because a fire started in a barn that was part 224 00:12:50,720 --> 00:12:54,000 Speaker 1: of the Chinese fishing village, and that fire ultimately consumed 225 00:12:54,160 --> 00:12:57,480 Speaker 1: most of the buildings surrounding it and basically the majority 226 00:12:57,520 --> 00:12:59,840 Speaker 1: of the village. Whether or not this was a case 227 00:12:59,880 --> 00:13:04,720 Speaker 1: of parson remains unknown. Ah, you can still find discussion 228 00:13:04,760 --> 00:13:08,600 Speaker 1: of it. Uh, but everybody who pretty agrees will never 229 00:13:08,600 --> 00:13:12,680 Speaker 1: know the truth. White spectators watched this blaze as the 230 00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:16,080 Speaker 1: village's residents ran in and out, trying to save everything 231 00:13:16,120 --> 00:13:19,160 Speaker 1: they could, but a lot of times things that were 232 00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:22,160 Speaker 1: saved were then looted as soon as the owner ran 233 00:13:22,440 --> 00:13:25,839 Speaker 1: back to try to rescue more of their belongings. There 234 00:13:25,880 --> 00:13:29,240 Speaker 1: are accounts that some of the spectators openly cheered as 235 00:13:29,240 --> 00:13:32,880 Speaker 1: they watched. Only a few buildings were left standing afterward. 236 00:13:33,400 --> 00:13:35,640 Speaker 1: So if you heard that episode on the nineteen o 237 00:13:35,760 --> 00:13:38,880 Speaker 1: six fires in San Francisco, you may recall that many 238 00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:42,400 Speaker 1: of the residents of San Francisco's Chinatown refused to leave 239 00:13:42,440 --> 00:13:44,160 Speaker 1: even though the city was hoping that would be an 240 00:13:44,160 --> 00:13:47,840 Speaker 1: excuse to push them out, and ultimately they rebuilt. A 241 00:13:47,960 --> 00:13:50,800 Speaker 1: similar thing took place in Monterey after the fire. There, 242 00:13:51,320 --> 00:13:54,720 Speaker 1: while only a few buildings were left, those same leaders 243 00:13:54,720 --> 00:13:58,040 Speaker 1: who had begun negotiating with their landlord let a movement 244 00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:00,040 Speaker 1: of people who refused to be pushed out of a 245 00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:03,760 Speaker 1: community that they had built. They staged a sit in 246 00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:06,560 Speaker 1: which led to a negotiation of a new lease, this 247 00:14:06,679 --> 00:14:10,680 Speaker 1: time at mccabee Beach, just south of Point Alonus. While 248 00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:13,200 Speaker 1: some of the village community stayed and tried to make 249 00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:16,200 Speaker 1: a go of it in their new location, most dispersed 250 00:14:16,240 --> 00:14:20,080 Speaker 1: to other areas, and ultimately, once squid drying was banned 251 00:14:20,120 --> 00:14:24,680 Speaker 1: inside city limits, the Macabi site was abandoned as well. Yeah, 252 00:14:24,760 --> 00:14:28,200 Speaker 1: for clarity, if you know the area, um, this is 253 00:14:28,240 --> 00:14:30,560 Speaker 1: not These two places are not far from each other, 254 00:14:30,640 --> 00:14:33,400 Speaker 1: like you can walk it in five to ten minutes. 255 00:14:33,440 --> 00:14:36,720 Speaker 1: It's all pretty close together, which is just kind of 256 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:40,320 Speaker 1: geographically interesting to me. For three years in the early 257 00:14:40,360 --> 00:14:43,560 Speaker 1: two thousands, there was a large scale archaeological dig and 258 00:14:43,600 --> 00:14:47,040 Speaker 1: analysis that was conducted at Point Alone's and it turned 259 00:14:47,120 --> 00:14:49,720 Speaker 1: up some of the only material remains of the once 260 00:14:49,800 --> 00:14:54,280 Speaker 1: robust Chinese American fishing community there. In eighteen seventy four, 261 00:14:54,520 --> 00:14:57,800 Speaker 1: a group called the Patrons of Husbandry, which was a 262 00:14:57,840 --> 00:15:01,800 Speaker 1: farmer's coalition more commonly called the Rangers, built the region's 263 00:15:01,840 --> 00:15:06,520 Speaker 1: first steam powered railroad that ran from Salinas Valley to Monterrey. 264 00:15:07,080 --> 00:15:10,920 Speaker 1: The grangers entire point of existence was to fight monopolistic 265 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:14,360 Speaker 1: grain transport, so in establishing a line that could take 266 00:15:14,400 --> 00:15:17,200 Speaker 1: the grain from Salina's two ships and Moterey, they were 267 00:15:17,200 --> 00:15:19,520 Speaker 1: trying to break this monopoly that had been held by 268 00:15:19,560 --> 00:15:23,560 Speaker 1: the Southern Pacific Railroad. Southern Pacific was costing the local 269 00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:26,640 Speaker 1: industry as much as two thousand dollars a year in 270 00:15:26,760 --> 00:15:31,000 Speaker 1: freight costs, and while this did force competition, which resulted 271 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:33,800 Speaker 1: in Southern Pacific extending its own lines a little bit 272 00:15:33,800 --> 00:15:37,280 Speaker 1: further and lowering freight charges, it was ultimately not a 273 00:15:37,320 --> 00:15:42,320 Speaker 1: successful venture. Storms caused bridge collapses on the line several 274 00:15:42,360 --> 00:15:45,080 Speaker 1: different times in the first few years, and an engine 275 00:15:45,120 --> 00:15:48,520 Speaker 1: house burned down in eighteen seventy seven, and then a 276 00:15:48,560 --> 00:15:52,520 Speaker 1: bitter challenge over executive leadership that ended up becoming a 277 00:15:52,560 --> 00:15:57,360 Speaker 1: State Supreme Court case further destabilized the company. In fall 278 00:15:57,520 --> 00:16:01,040 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy nine, Southern Pacific bought the Monterey and Selina's 279 00:16:01,120 --> 00:16:04,320 Speaker 1: Valley Railroad, so it ended up in the end only 280 00:16:04,360 --> 00:16:08,200 Speaker 1: adding to Southern Pacific's monopoly in the area. But the 281 00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:12,040 Speaker 1: bigger impact, at least for Monterey, was that this suddenly 282 00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:16,920 Speaker 1: made the ocean side town completely accessible to additional large 283 00:16:16,920 --> 00:16:20,360 Speaker 1: scale business and also to tourism, and that meant an 284 00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:24,200 Speaker 1: entirely new revenue stream for the community. Charles Crocker, and 285 00:16:24,280 --> 00:16:27,960 Speaker 1: executive with the railroad, immediately saw the financial potential of 286 00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:33,120 Speaker 1: making Monterey a tourist destination, so, using Southern Pacific's power, influence, 287 00:16:33,200 --> 00:16:36,480 Speaker 1: and property, he had a hotel built with incredible speed 288 00:16:36,880 --> 00:16:39,960 Speaker 1: to accommodate what he believed would be a huge money maker. 289 00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:44,360 Speaker 1: That was the Hotel del Monte. Architect Arthur Brown, Sr. 290 00:16:44,360 --> 00:16:47,680 Speaker 1: Who worked for the railroad, designed the sprawling Victorian resort, 291 00:16:47,840 --> 00:16:50,400 Speaker 1: and it was a big, showy place. You can see 292 00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:52,880 Speaker 1: pictures of it. It's quite beautiful and while it was 293 00:16:52,920 --> 00:16:57,000 Speaker 1: sometimes called Crocker's folly during construction by disbelievers who thought 294 00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:59,400 Speaker 1: that no one would pay to visit a fishing town, 295 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:03,720 Speaker 1: the hotel was in fact a massive success. Hotel del 296 00:17:03,760 --> 00:17:07,040 Speaker 1: Monte opened on June third, eighteen eighty, and within a 297 00:17:07,119 --> 00:17:09,920 Speaker 1: month it had turned a profit of eleven thousand, three 298 00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:12,760 Speaker 1: hundred dollars. In the first month and a half it 299 00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:16,040 Speaker 1: was open, more than three thousand booking requests had had 300 00:17:16,080 --> 00:17:19,080 Speaker 1: to be turned away because the luxury hotel just couldn't 301 00:17:19,080 --> 00:17:21,959 Speaker 1: accommodate all the people who wanted to visit. Yeah, they 302 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:24,159 Speaker 1: had I think a little over a hundred rooms and 303 00:17:24,160 --> 00:17:27,640 Speaker 1: it was just like never ending calls. Can we book 304 00:17:27,680 --> 00:17:30,960 Speaker 1: as day? No? In fact no. Uh. The resort was 305 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:33,840 Speaker 1: on a seven thousand acre parcel of land, and it 306 00:17:33,880 --> 00:17:37,080 Speaker 1: had its own botanical garden, as well as numerous other amenities. 307 00:17:37,680 --> 00:17:41,159 Speaker 1: In September eighteen eighty, President Rutherford Behayes stayed at the 308 00:17:41,160 --> 00:17:43,959 Speaker 1: Hotel Del Monte, and he praised his visit as quote 309 00:17:44,160 --> 00:17:47,879 Speaker 1: one of the most agreeable episodes of our lives. Because 310 00:17:47,880 --> 00:17:51,160 Speaker 1: of the reputation the hotel enjoyed immediately upon opening, it 311 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:54,639 Speaker 1: was a huge draw for the growing leisure set. Among 312 00:17:54,680 --> 00:17:57,960 Speaker 1: its many draws was an outing along the quote eighteen 313 00:17:57,960 --> 00:18:01,919 Speaker 1: mile drive. This is a Unich loop around Pacific Grove 314 00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:04,960 Speaker 1: and the surrounding area that started and ended at the hotel. 315 00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:09,160 Speaker 1: Was a very carefully planned pleasure outing away to get 316 00:18:09,160 --> 00:18:12,960 Speaker 1: wealthy visitors into carriages and touring the area. The hope 317 00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:15,560 Speaker 1: was that seeing all of the coastline and the natural 318 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:18,359 Speaker 1: beauty of the land would encourage them to invest in 319 00:18:18,440 --> 00:18:22,520 Speaker 1: Crocker's dream of a high end developed community. The name 320 00:18:22,560 --> 00:18:26,960 Speaker 1: was eventually amended to seventeen Mile Drive to more accurately 321 00:18:27,040 --> 00:18:29,800 Speaker 1: reflect the route after it had been altered. It does 322 00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:33,480 Speaker 1: still exist today, although some of it goes through gated communities, 323 00:18:34,040 --> 00:18:37,040 Speaker 1: and the hotel had a fire in seven that caused 324 00:18:37,040 --> 00:18:39,920 Speaker 1: significant damage, but it was rebuilt again very quickly in 325 00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:44,760 Speaker 1: the same style and it continued its prosperity. In Thomas 326 00:18:44,840 --> 00:18:48,200 Speaker 1: Edison Incorporated made a movie of several buggies of tourists 327 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:50,680 Speaker 1: passing by the front of the hotel. You can find 328 00:18:50,680 --> 00:18:53,040 Speaker 1: that footage on the Library of Congress's site, and it 329 00:18:53,119 --> 00:18:55,240 Speaker 1: is quite sweet. It's very cute to watch them driving 330 00:18:55,240 --> 00:18:57,520 Speaker 1: by and waving and looking very very happy in front 331 00:18:57,520 --> 00:19:02,160 Speaker 1: of this Victorian driveway team. The property and eighteen thousand 332 00:19:02,200 --> 00:19:05,600 Speaker 1: acres of surrounding land were purchased by Samuel F. B. 333 00:19:05,760 --> 00:19:09,520 Speaker 1: Morse in partnership with a number of other investors. This 334 00:19:09,680 --> 00:19:13,879 Speaker 1: established the Del Monte Properties Company, which eventually became the 335 00:19:13,880 --> 00:19:17,639 Speaker 1: Pebble Beach Company. The hotel was renovated and updated, and 336 00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:21,520 Speaker 1: Morse developed the surrounding area as a sports and leisure complex, 337 00:19:21,600 --> 00:19:25,280 Speaker 1: including of course, golf courses. Yeah, there was already a 338 00:19:25,280 --> 00:19:27,920 Speaker 1: golf course, and then he added to that. And now, 339 00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:30,280 Speaker 1: of course Pebble Beach is known for its golf courses. 340 00:19:30,880 --> 00:19:34,840 Speaker 1: Uh In the sprawling Victorian hotel burned down and it 341 00:19:34,960 --> 00:19:38,960 Speaker 1: was rebuilt, but this time in Spanish revival style. When 342 00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:42,240 Speaker 1: Hotel del Monte reopened two years later, more than three 343 00:19:42,280 --> 00:19:46,160 Speaker 1: thousand people were on hand to celebrate. After Steinbeck's time 344 00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:49,680 Speaker 1: living in Monterey, the hotel was requisitioned by the Navy 345 00:19:49,720 --> 00:19:53,000 Speaker 1: as a school center to train people, and then the 346 00:19:53,080 --> 00:19:56,560 Speaker 1: Navy bought it in seven and today it serves as 347 00:19:56,600 --> 00:19:59,600 Speaker 1: the main building for the Navy's post graduate school. In 348 00:19:59,600 --> 00:20:02,600 Speaker 1: an opera rates under the name Herman Hall, we're about 349 00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:05,440 Speaker 1: to talk about the industry that gave the area its name, 350 00:20:05,600 --> 00:20:08,200 Speaker 1: but before we dig into that, let's take another quick 351 00:20:08,240 --> 00:20:20,760 Speaker 1: sponsor break. Of course, Cannary Row is named for cannaries, 352 00:20:20,960 --> 00:20:23,840 Speaker 1: but the Monterey area didn't actually see its first cannary 353 00:20:23,920 --> 00:20:26,600 Speaker 1: until nineteen o two. There's a lot of fishing going 354 00:20:26,640 --> 00:20:29,199 Speaker 1: on there, but not canning, and it wasn't even on 355 00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:32,080 Speaker 1: the stretch that first one that would become canary row. 356 00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:35,679 Speaker 1: Up to that point, the fishing industry had been dominated 357 00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:38,600 Speaker 1: by the Chinese fisherman who dried fish and shipped it away, 358 00:20:39,000 --> 00:20:41,280 Speaker 1: or as we said, sold it to markets in San Francisco. 359 00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:45,120 Speaker 1: But as competitors grew in number, the nature of Monterey's 360 00:20:45,160 --> 00:20:49,080 Speaker 1: fishing business changed. The first cannary was opened by a 361 00:20:49,119 --> 00:20:52,360 Speaker 1: man named Frank E. Booth. Booth had been doing business 362 00:20:52,359 --> 00:20:55,280 Speaker 1: in Monterey since the nineties. He was president of the 363 00:20:55,280 --> 00:20:59,120 Speaker 1: Sacramento River Packers Association. He would make the journey down 364 00:20:59,119 --> 00:21:02,680 Speaker 1: to Monterey and have salmon shipps to his packing facilities, 365 00:21:02,720 --> 00:21:04,680 Speaker 1: but he soon realized it would make a lot more 366 00:21:04,680 --> 00:21:07,080 Speaker 1: sense to just open the cannery right there in moderate 367 00:21:07,480 --> 00:21:11,479 Speaker 1: He tried twice, with mediocre results, to open canning facilities there, 368 00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:14,439 Speaker 1: first with a small packing shed that folded because he 369 00:21:14,480 --> 00:21:17,520 Speaker 1: had a hard time getting contracts with fisherman who already 370 00:21:17,560 --> 00:21:21,160 Speaker 1: had their own deals with San Francisco businesses. He made 371 00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:23,280 Speaker 1: another stab at a canary in nineteen o one, but 372 00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:25,320 Speaker 1: there was competition, this time in the form of a 373 00:21:25,359 --> 00:21:27,679 Speaker 1: small canary with a smoke house that had been opened 374 00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:30,919 Speaker 1: by a man named Hr. Robbins, and then in nineteen 375 00:21:30,920 --> 00:21:35,400 Speaker 1: o two Boost operation was destroyed by a fire. Robbins 376 00:21:35,480 --> 00:21:38,480 Speaker 1: was also struggling financially at this point, not from fire 377 00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:41,520 Speaker 1: but just from other issues, so Booth bought out Robbins 378 00:21:41,560 --> 00:21:46,320 Speaker 1: and expanded his smoking and canning operation considerably. That same year, 379 00:21:46,560 --> 00:21:50,960 Speaker 1: Japanese immigrant Otosa Borrow Noda also opened a cannery called 380 00:21:51,119 --> 00:21:55,159 Speaker 1: Montery Fishing and Canning Company. Noda had an American partner 381 00:21:55,200 --> 00:21:59,000 Speaker 1: in the cannery named Henry Malpas. But even before the cannery, 382 00:21:59,240 --> 00:22:02,320 Speaker 1: Noda had a keen insight about the potential for the area. 383 00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:05,600 Speaker 1: He had started working there as a lumberjack for the 384 00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:09,120 Speaker 1: Pacific Improvement Company, but he soon started a fishing colony 385 00:22:09,240 --> 00:22:13,000 Speaker 1: and Monterey with more than five dozen other Japanese men. 386 00:22:13,600 --> 00:22:17,720 Speaker 1: While they fished for abalone, their real focus was salmon. Yeah, 387 00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:20,480 Speaker 1: we had mentioned the Pacific Improvement Company before. They were 388 00:22:20,520 --> 00:22:24,040 Speaker 1: basically the correlated company that worked with the Southern Pacific 389 00:22:24,119 --> 00:22:27,760 Speaker 1: Railroad to handle property and construction and whatnot, So they 390 00:22:27,840 --> 00:22:33,000 Speaker 1: really were an incredibly powerful company within the Monterey area 391 00:22:33,240 --> 00:22:37,480 Speaker 1: prior to this. To UH, the Japanese focus on salmon fishing. 392 00:22:37,760 --> 00:22:40,320 Speaker 1: There had been a belief that salmon were fairly fished 393 00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:43,240 Speaker 1: out in Monterey Bay. The catch that people were able 394 00:22:43,280 --> 00:22:46,760 Speaker 1: to bring in of salmon had fallen off considerably, but 395 00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:51,040 Speaker 1: Noda and the Japanese fishermen used different techniques and fishing 396 00:22:51,080 --> 00:22:53,719 Speaker 1: gear evolved, and by the end of the first decade 397 00:22:53,720 --> 00:22:56,520 Speaker 1: of the twentieth century, there were a hundred and eighty 398 00:22:56,520 --> 00:22:59,240 Speaker 1: five salmon boats counted in Monterey Bay, and more than 399 00:22:59,280 --> 00:23:02,199 Speaker 1: three quarters of those were owned by Japanese fishermen who 400 00:23:02,280 --> 00:23:04,840 Speaker 1: were doing very well. So this is a lot of 401 00:23:04,840 --> 00:23:07,919 Speaker 1: salmon talk, which maybe a little puzzling if you know 402 00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:12,040 Speaker 1: that Cannary Row is famous for its sardines. But before 403 00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:14,920 Speaker 1: World War One, most of the salmon caught in Monterey 404 00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:18,600 Speaker 1: Bay was shipped to Europe, specifically Germany, and most of 405 00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:20,800 Speaker 1: the sardines that made it to tables in the Bay 406 00:23:20,840 --> 00:23:25,200 Speaker 1: area came from France. But the onset of war disrupted 407 00:23:25,200 --> 00:23:27,560 Speaker 1: all those shipping routes, of course, so things started to 408 00:23:27,640 --> 00:23:31,119 Speaker 1: shift for the businesses along Ocean View Avenue. There was 409 00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:34,520 Speaker 1: demand for sardines in the area, and during World War One, 410 00:23:34,520 --> 00:23:38,440 Speaker 1: the cannery business at Monterey Bay grew immensely. More than 411 00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:41,480 Speaker 1: half a dozen new canning facilities sprang up, and this 412 00:23:41,560 --> 00:23:44,960 Speaker 1: is a time when Sicilian fishermen really innovated and set 413 00:23:45,000 --> 00:23:48,280 Speaker 1: the stage for Ocean View Avenue to eventually become known 414 00:23:48,320 --> 00:23:50,600 Speaker 1: which did not happen until World War Two as the 415 00:23:50,640 --> 00:23:53,600 Speaker 1: sardine capital of the world. That name, we should mention 416 00:23:53,720 --> 00:23:56,360 Speaker 1: is not really accurate though, as many towns that name 417 00:23:56,440 --> 00:23:59,359 Speaker 1: themselves will do, they don't always really have the facts 418 00:23:59,359 --> 00:24:02,480 Speaker 1: behind them. No way is the winner there um. But 419 00:24:02,560 --> 00:24:05,080 Speaker 1: the Sicilian fisherman did bring a new way to catch 420 00:24:05,119 --> 00:24:07,920 Speaker 1: fish with them. They first used an open style boat 421 00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:10,600 Speaker 1: and net that they had brought from the Mediterranean and 422 00:24:10,720 --> 00:24:13,560 Speaker 1: used the fishing techniques from there, and then in the 423 00:24:13,640 --> 00:24:16,639 Speaker 1: late nineteen twenties, per sign ships were brought into the 424 00:24:16,680 --> 00:24:20,320 Speaker 1: area and that significantly increased to catch that fishermen were 425 00:24:20,320 --> 00:24:24,320 Speaker 1: able to bring in. This method involves a huge, huge 426 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:27,199 Speaker 1: net that's deployed in a circle around a school of 427 00:24:27,240 --> 00:24:30,080 Speaker 1: fish with a circumference as big as a quarter mile. 428 00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:33,359 Speaker 1: The nets bottom is also very deep, as deep as 429 00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:37,200 Speaker 1: two ft, and after it's corralled all these fish into 430 00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:40,040 Speaker 1: one location, the net would be pulled in tight like 431 00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:42,600 Speaker 1: a draw string purse and then all the fish would 432 00:24:42,600 --> 00:24:44,879 Speaker 1: be trapped in there and all of its scooped just 433 00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:48,119 Speaker 1: right into a ship. This type of fishing is still 434 00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:51,240 Speaker 1: done today in some places, and it's pretty problematic. One, 435 00:24:51,480 --> 00:24:55,119 Speaker 1: it is an indiscriminate way to catch fish. Everything in 436 00:24:55,160 --> 00:24:58,360 Speaker 1: the area gets caught, regardless of whether it's the kind 437 00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:01,840 Speaker 1: of fish who are actually fishing or Two. It leads 438 00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:05,960 Speaker 1: to over fishing, which ultimately collapsed the industry as the 439 00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:10,960 Speaker 1: bay was depleted. Yeah, there are plenty of videos you 440 00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:14,360 Speaker 1: can watch that are very sad about per sign fishing today. 441 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:16,840 Speaker 1: Just know if you want to see how it's done, 442 00:25:17,320 --> 00:25:22,120 Speaker 1: you have to very carefully navigate those waters online. But 443 00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:25,080 Speaker 1: the sardines from Monterey Bay are not the same as 444 00:25:25,080 --> 00:25:27,440 Speaker 1: the ones from the North Atlantic. They are much larger, 445 00:25:27,480 --> 00:25:30,320 Speaker 1: almost twice the size, and they have a higher oil content. 446 00:25:30,560 --> 00:25:32,480 Speaker 1: They actually had to be called a different thing to 447 00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:36,040 Speaker 1: be exported because they were not considered sardines by everybody. 448 00:25:36,560 --> 00:25:39,240 Speaker 1: Uh And a lot of them, a lot of them, 449 00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:41,399 Speaker 1: as many as two thirds at a time, were never 450 00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:44,960 Speaker 1: intended for food usage, but for a process called reduction, 451 00:25:45,520 --> 00:25:47,639 Speaker 1: That is a process where they are ground down and 452 00:25:47,720 --> 00:25:50,880 Speaker 1: made into fish meal. And fertilizer, and we're gonna come 453 00:25:50,920 --> 00:25:53,280 Speaker 1: back to reduction in just a moment, because it had 454 00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:56,640 Speaker 1: a significant impact on the life of Monterey and also 455 00:25:56,720 --> 00:26:02,160 Speaker 1: had some lasting implications. On September four, TEO, a terrible 456 00:26:02,240 --> 00:26:05,760 Speaker 1: fire started when lightning struck two oil tanks that were 457 00:26:05,760 --> 00:26:10,399 Speaker 1: owned by Associated Oil Company. This could have easily destroyed 458 00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:13,399 Speaker 1: all of Ocean View Avenue and its cannery industry, and 459 00:26:13,440 --> 00:26:17,800 Speaker 1: it nearly did. Several buildings and two canneries went up 460 00:26:17,800 --> 00:26:22,080 Speaker 1: in flames. Two soldiers from the Presidio died fighting the fire. 461 00:26:22,840 --> 00:26:26,520 Speaker 1: Thanks only to random luck of the wind changing direction, 462 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:30,240 Speaker 1: the rest of Ocean View Avenue and the neighborhood were spared. 463 00:26:31,040 --> 00:26:34,960 Speaker 1: This was incidentally, less than two weeks before the fire 464 00:26:35,040 --> 00:26:37,800 Speaker 1: that destroyed the Hotel del Monti. Although the two fires 465 00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:40,720 Speaker 1: were unrelated. What a thing for a community, though, To 466 00:26:40,800 --> 00:26:44,480 Speaker 1: have like those two fires so close together. You have 467 00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:46,359 Speaker 1: to feel like you live on bad luck lean at 468 00:26:46,400 --> 00:26:50,560 Speaker 1: that point, I think. During the depression, which of course 469 00:26:50,840 --> 00:26:55,879 Speaker 1: deeply impacted the entire country significantly, the decision was made 470 00:26:56,080 --> 00:27:00,720 Speaker 1: that the industry in Monterey was going to prioritize reduction 471 00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:04,040 Speaker 1: rather than canning because it was making more money. Doing 472 00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:07,520 Speaker 1: that than selling sardines as edibles, and this meant that 473 00:27:07,560 --> 00:27:10,240 Speaker 1: the fishermen and the canary workers of Monterey were able 474 00:27:10,280 --> 00:27:12,520 Speaker 1: to make it through this difficult time for the most part, 475 00:27:12,600 --> 00:27:15,600 Speaker 1: which is great. But this was a short sighted solution 476 00:27:15,840 --> 00:27:19,440 Speaker 1: because the purse signed fishing was ramped up to keep 477 00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:23,200 Speaker 1: the Montere economy afloat, which meant the bay was very 478 00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:26,720 Speaker 1: much over fished, although it was not yet quite depleted. 479 00:27:27,200 --> 00:27:30,800 Speaker 1: But World Wars you saw a continuation of over fishing, 480 00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:34,600 Speaker 1: so this time because people needed the sardines for food, 481 00:27:35,160 --> 00:27:38,480 Speaker 1: there were heated debates about what was happening and warnings 482 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:41,479 Speaker 1: that were issued by the science community, but business interest 483 00:27:41,600 --> 00:27:45,040 Speaker 1: one out and the fishing and the canning continued. There's 484 00:27:45,040 --> 00:27:48,720 Speaker 1: this bit of irony to the timing of Steinbeck's book 485 00:27:48,760 --> 00:27:52,600 Speaker 1: that made this area famous. So Cannary row made this 486 00:27:52,680 --> 00:27:56,119 Speaker 1: troop of ocean view something of a household name and 487 00:27:56,200 --> 00:28:00,399 Speaker 1: led to it actually being renamed Canary Row in. But 488 00:28:00,520 --> 00:28:03,159 Speaker 1: this was happening as the industry that led to that 489 00:28:03,280 --> 00:28:06,800 Speaker 1: nickname was completely caving in the last half of the 490 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:10,800 Speaker 1: nineteen forties saw progressively weaker and weaker numbers in terms 491 00:28:10,880 --> 00:28:13,560 Speaker 1: of catch. It's kind of like a depressing I looked 492 00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:16,800 Speaker 1: at one table of like the poundage of catch they 493 00:28:16,800 --> 00:28:18,760 Speaker 1: were taking in every day, and as it depletes, it's 494 00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:23,760 Speaker 1: just a completely depressing line. Uh. And there were some 495 00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:26,480 Speaker 1: canaries that had this idea that they could like keep 496 00:28:26,520 --> 00:28:28,920 Speaker 1: it going a little bit by having fish shipped into 497 00:28:28,960 --> 00:28:31,480 Speaker 1: their facilities that they would then can and ship back out. 498 00:28:31,880 --> 00:28:34,960 Speaker 1: But that was not a long term solution, and over 499 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,400 Speaker 1: time Cannery Rowe sort of became a ghost town as 500 00:28:38,440 --> 00:28:40,840 Speaker 1: one business after another went under and it left all 501 00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:44,560 Speaker 1: of these cannaries and warehouses just empty. The late nineteen 502 00:28:44,560 --> 00:28:49,440 Speaker 1: fifties and early nineteen sixties brought yet another wave of change. Slowly, 503 00:28:49,880 --> 00:28:52,880 Speaker 1: daring restaurant tours moved into the area, hoping to draw 504 00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:56,480 Speaker 1: tourists to the ocean side, and it started the tourism 505 00:28:56,560 --> 00:29:00,400 Speaker 1: rebuild of Canary Row. The Monterey Bay Aquarium opened in 506 00:29:00,480 --> 00:29:03,880 Speaker 1: nine four, and it's footprint covered the site of the 507 00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:07,640 Speaker 1: former Hofden Cannery as well as the Chinese fishing village 508 00:29:07,680 --> 00:29:11,360 Speaker 1: that started the fishing industry in Monterey. Over time, the 509 00:29:11,440 --> 00:29:14,960 Speaker 1: remaining warehouses have been repurposed and renovated, filled with things 510 00:29:14,960 --> 00:29:18,320 Speaker 1: like shops and restaurants and art galleries. Today when you go, 511 00:29:18,400 --> 00:29:21,719 Speaker 1: it's kind of like, um, what you would expect in 512 00:29:21,960 --> 00:29:26,680 Speaker 1: a really charming seaside tourist town. Like the aquarium is 513 00:29:27,040 --> 00:29:28,920 Speaker 1: a huge draw, of course, and it's a really really 514 00:29:28,920 --> 00:29:32,160 Speaker 1: fantastic facility, but then it is it's like a lot 515 00:29:32,200 --> 00:29:34,640 Speaker 1: of you know, shops and the kind of like cute 516 00:29:34,640 --> 00:29:37,640 Speaker 1: stuff you would find in a seaside town. Um. That 517 00:29:37,760 --> 00:29:42,720 Speaker 1: beach where they initially moved the Chinese fishing village has 518 00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:46,120 Speaker 1: a little memorial wall there with a carving of fisherman 519 00:29:46,160 --> 00:29:48,120 Speaker 1: on it, but there's nothing else there. People like launched 520 00:29:48,120 --> 00:29:50,960 Speaker 1: their kayaks and stuff out of there. It's just a 521 00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:54,200 Speaker 1: really lovely place to visit. But it's one of those 522 00:29:54,200 --> 00:29:57,080 Speaker 1: places where if you really look around, a lot of 523 00:29:57,080 --> 00:29:59,520 Speaker 1: the buildings still have like old labels on them, and 524 00:29:59,560 --> 00:30:01,640 Speaker 1: you can re a lies like that. This is rebuilt 525 00:30:01,720 --> 00:30:05,000 Speaker 1: into something that had gone almost dormant for a while, 526 00:30:05,040 --> 00:30:08,080 Speaker 1: which is kind of a fascinating aspect of it. Um. 527 00:30:08,120 --> 00:30:10,280 Speaker 1: I love Monterey and clearly need to go back as 528 00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:16,000 Speaker 1: quickly as possible, um because it's a really beautiful place 529 00:30:16,360 --> 00:30:18,600 Speaker 1: and you can go do fun things at the aquarium. 530 00:30:18,680 --> 00:30:21,280 Speaker 1: Last time I went, I accidentally stumble into with my 531 00:30:21,320 --> 00:30:23,800 Speaker 1: dear friend a night where they were doing a like 532 00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:26,400 Speaker 1: an after hours event at the aquarium where they had 533 00:30:26,400 --> 00:30:29,880 Speaker 1: all this amazing like ticket tasting food where you would 534 00:30:29,960 --> 00:30:32,200 Speaker 1: like spend twenty dollars and get five tickets and then 535 00:30:32,200 --> 00:30:35,040 Speaker 1: you could go around from table to table and try 536 00:30:35,200 --> 00:30:37,400 Speaker 1: interesting little Oh I was heaven. I was like, we 537 00:30:37,440 --> 00:30:40,480 Speaker 1: stumbled into the best night of our lives. Uh So 538 00:30:40,640 --> 00:30:43,240 Speaker 1: that was fabulous, Thank you Monterey Bay Aquarium. Also, they're 539 00:30:43,280 --> 00:30:47,480 Speaker 1: doing a lot about conservation and sustainable seafood, which is 540 00:30:47,560 --> 00:30:51,400 Speaker 1: always important. Yeah, it's I was just thinking, as as 541 00:30:51,920 --> 00:30:54,560 Speaker 1: I have no idea if there is a correlation between 542 00:30:54,840 --> 00:30:58,400 Speaker 1: the Monterey Bay Aquariums focused on sustainable seafood and the 543 00:30:58,520 --> 00:31:05,520 Speaker 1: history of Monterey. Yes, you know the answer. I like 544 00:31:05,600 --> 00:31:07,040 Speaker 1: how I was just sort of sitting here, like I 545 00:31:07,080 --> 00:31:10,480 Speaker 1: wonder if that's related. Not a mistake. Um, I mean 546 00:31:10,520 --> 00:31:14,640 Speaker 1: they're very aware that, uh you know, they're they're in 547 00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:19,600 Speaker 1: effect because over fishing really just bottomed out that that 548 00:31:19,880 --> 00:31:23,480 Speaker 1: entire industry there. Um. Yeah, we should point out that 549 00:31:23,520 --> 00:31:26,920 Speaker 1: the aquariums position does not cover the entirety of where 550 00:31:26,920 --> 00:31:30,440 Speaker 1: that Chinese fishing village once stood. The main location of 551 00:31:30,440 --> 00:31:33,240 Speaker 1: that village is now the site of the Stanford Hopkins 552 00:31:33,280 --> 00:31:39,600 Speaker 1: Marine Station and it there are different, um sort of 553 00:31:39,640 --> 00:31:43,600 Speaker 1: like factoids and studies you can read about fish coming 554 00:31:43,600 --> 00:31:46,120 Speaker 1: back and what that is. But they are also some 555 00:31:46,320 --> 00:31:49,160 Speaker 1: that are like it's never recovered and it will never recover. 556 00:31:50,160 --> 00:31:53,520 Speaker 1: There was just too too much depletion for any of 557 00:31:53,560 --> 00:31:58,360 Speaker 1: those like fish communities to really really regain um, any 558 00:31:58,440 --> 00:32:04,000 Speaker 1: kind of like permanent in that area. UM. Anyway, that's 559 00:32:04,080 --> 00:32:06,880 Speaker 1: Canary Row and Monterey, which I love. If you get 560 00:32:06,880 --> 00:32:09,560 Speaker 1: a chance and you have not been highly recommend it, 561 00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:12,200 Speaker 1: it's awfully fun. It's also just a beautiful drive. If 562 00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:15,040 Speaker 1: you're in San Francisco for a trip for vacation and 563 00:32:15,080 --> 00:32:16,720 Speaker 1: you want to drive out to Monterey, it's a really 564 00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:22,000 Speaker 1: pretty drive. I'm clearly a big fan. Yeah. I have 565 00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:28,960 Speaker 1: two pieces of listener mail. One sort of involves see life. Um. 566 00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:32,320 Speaker 1: It mostly just made me chuckle. It's from our listener Ariel, 567 00:32:32,480 --> 00:32:34,360 Speaker 1: and she said, I've really been enjoying your podcast in 568 00:32:34,360 --> 00:32:36,680 Speaker 1: the last year or show. I greatly appreciate the number 569 00:32:36,720 --> 00:32:39,480 Speaker 1: of episodes about cool women and minorities I am disappointed 570 00:32:39,520 --> 00:32:42,160 Speaker 1: to have not learned about before. I wanted the email 571 00:32:42,240 --> 00:32:46,160 Speaker 1: to tell you about two things in an online trivia game, 572 00:32:46,200 --> 00:32:48,600 Speaker 1: we were asked about the Anglosans of our war and 573 00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:51,320 Speaker 1: how many hours it lasted. I knew the answer was 574 00:32:51,400 --> 00:32:53,560 Speaker 1: less than one hour because of your podcast, and was 575 00:32:53,560 --> 00:32:56,360 Speaker 1: filled with a great sense of probably undeserved pride. It's 576 00:32:56,400 --> 00:32:59,440 Speaker 1: weirdly fulfilling to know the answer to a random trivia question. 577 00:33:00,120 --> 00:33:02,920 Speaker 1: Yes it is, uh too. I enjoyed the recent episode 578 00:33:02,920 --> 00:33:04,840 Speaker 1: about Catherine the Great, and I thought you would enjoy 579 00:33:04,840 --> 00:33:07,840 Speaker 1: a picture by Katherine Miller art of Queen Catherine the 580 00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:11,040 Speaker 1: Great White Shark. She uses animal puns to create gorgeous 581 00:33:11,040 --> 00:33:14,680 Speaker 1: and fun art. It is an absolutely marvelous piece of work. 582 00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:18,680 Speaker 1: It makes me chuckle and it's just beautifully done. Uh 583 00:33:18,720 --> 00:33:21,720 Speaker 1: Now I want to go explore Katherine Miller's available prince 584 00:33:21,840 --> 00:33:24,360 Speaker 1: and get myself into all kinds of trouble. Thank you 585 00:33:24,400 --> 00:33:27,000 Speaker 1: so much, Ariel for introducing me to a new problem 586 00:33:27,080 --> 00:33:31,600 Speaker 1: in a good way. Our Our second piece of listener 587 00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:34,479 Speaker 1: mail today is from our listener Anne Marie. Uh. This 588 00:33:34,560 --> 00:33:36,880 Speaker 1: is another one that touches on our emergency medicine to 589 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:39,560 Speaker 1: Parter and she says, Hi, ladies, I work at in 590 00:33:39,680 --> 00:33:42,320 Speaker 1: of the Alexandria Hospital and there is a big history 591 00:33:42,320 --> 00:33:45,240 Speaker 1: section in the visitor entrance to the hospital. Because we've 592 00:33:45,240 --> 00:33:47,640 Speaker 1: been around for so long since eighteen seventy two, there 593 00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:49,640 Speaker 1: is a lot of interesting history to share, so I 594 00:33:49,640 --> 00:33:51,880 Speaker 1: thought I would send a few photos I took. Please 595 00:33:51,960 --> 00:33:55,000 Speaker 1: let me know if any of these don't show up properly. So, um, 596 00:33:55,040 --> 00:33:58,560 Speaker 1: there's like some beautiful stained glass that memorializes the founding 597 00:33:58,600 --> 00:34:02,160 Speaker 1: of it. And what was really really interesting is that 598 00:34:02,240 --> 00:34:05,320 Speaker 1: it there is discussion of the Alexandria Plan, which was 599 00:34:05,360 --> 00:34:10,279 Speaker 1: that initial plan to develop permanent emergency room doctor programs 600 00:34:10,880 --> 00:34:14,319 Speaker 1: rather than just having people rotate in from other UH 601 00:34:14,480 --> 00:34:18,000 Speaker 1: divisions of the hospital to cover emergency care, which is 602 00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:21,480 Speaker 1: pretty cool. So she works in a place that completely 603 00:34:21,560 --> 00:34:25,120 Speaker 1: changed the way we look at medicine today, which is amazing. 604 00:34:25,200 --> 00:34:27,439 Speaker 1: So thank you, thank you, thank you. If you would 605 00:34:27,480 --> 00:34:28,880 Speaker 1: like to write to us, you can do so at 606 00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:31,799 Speaker 1: History Podcast at iHeart radio dot com. You can also 607 00:34:31,840 --> 00:34:34,919 Speaker 1: find us on social media as Missed in History, and 608 00:34:34,960 --> 00:34:37,280 Speaker 1: we would love it if you had subscribe to the podcast. 609 00:34:37,320 --> 00:34:38,959 Speaker 1: You can do that on the I Heart Radio app, 610 00:34:39,080 --> 00:34:46,880 Speaker 1: at Apple Podcasts, or wherever it is you listen. Stuff 611 00:34:46,880 --> 00:34:48,840 Speaker 1: you Missed in History Class is a production of I 612 00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:52,399 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. For more podcasts from I heart Radio, visit 613 00:34:52,400 --> 00:34:55,279 Speaker 1: the i heart Radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you 614 00:34:55,400 --> 00:34:56,720 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.