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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to stump Mom Never told you?

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Speaker 1: From House top works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Kristen and I'm Molly. Molly. I got

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Speaker 1: a question for you. Okay, if I were to give

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Speaker 1: you ten dollars, just a ten dollar bill, and I'd say, Molly,

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Speaker 1: I'm giving you this ten dollars and you know what,

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Speaker 1: you can do two things with this ten dollar bill.

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Speaker 1: You can keep all of it. Take yourself out for

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Speaker 1: a nice lunch, well not too nice, take yourself out

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Speaker 1: for a ten dollar lunch. Or I have this really

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Speaker 1: great charity. Uh, let's say I have this pet adoption charity.

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Speaker 1: I have orphaned pets. You can give me some of

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Speaker 1: that money that I can help out orphan pets, and

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Speaker 1: you can just keep the rest mm hmm. What would

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Speaker 1: you like to do with that ten dollars? Um? You know,

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Speaker 1: there are many issues that immediately come to my mind

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Speaker 1: that will that will play out in this podcast because

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Speaker 1: because we're talking about charitable giving today Christian and the

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Speaker 1: number one question you probably ask yourself was how hungry

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Speaker 1: am I? And which do I want a ten dollar lunch?

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Speaker 1: That's true, that's going to play into it. If I

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Speaker 1: was going to give to your charity, I'd want to

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Speaker 1: learn a lot more about what your charity did, how

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Speaker 1: you ran it, where these animals were coming from, and

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Speaker 1: where they were going, And you don't trust that I'm

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Speaker 1: just going to take your money and feed orphaned animals

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Speaker 1: that take care of Christen. As we're going to talk about,

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Speaker 1: women need to know a lot about a charity before

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Speaker 1: they're going to give to it. So you're gonna have

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Speaker 1: you ready for me to ask all a question. All right,

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Speaker 1: I might want to come by and see the animals. Hey,

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Speaker 1: we can do that. We can set up a play

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Speaker 1: date with my Workford animals. So that's definitely going to

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Speaker 1: be an issue. And also playing into this, as we're

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Speaker 1: going to see, is the fact that you, a fellow lady,

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Speaker 1: are standing there watching me decide what to do. And

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Speaker 1: you know, in our society and most societies, giving is

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Speaker 1: a very honorable thing to do. And I don't want

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Speaker 1: to be seen in bad light if you know you've

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Speaker 1: got this orphaned animal charity. So that's definitely going a

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Speaker 1: plan to my decision making. Also, and I am not

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Speaker 1: alone in this. We're going to talk about several studies

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Speaker 1: where uh, women have had to evaluate what they're going

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Speaker 1: to do with that ten dollars when there's another woman there,

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Speaker 1: when there's a man there, when there's no one there,

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Speaker 1: and uh, pretty interesting findings about how men and women

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Speaker 1: give to charity differently. Now, when it comes to whether

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Speaker 1: or not men and women give more money, who who's

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Speaker 1: the most charitable? Which is most charitable sex? The evidence

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Speaker 1: is pretty clear yes, in recent years has become women

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Speaker 1: by an astronomical amount. We win, we give a lot

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Speaker 1: more money to charity. That doesn't mean that we give

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Speaker 1: in the same way. Women are more likely to give

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Speaker 1: small donations to a bunch of charities, whereas men are

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Speaker 1: more likely to give one big lump sum to one charity.

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Speaker 1: And men might be more inclined to give one large

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Speaker 1: lump sum because research on charitable giving also finds that

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Speaker 1: men are more motivated to donate because of the influence

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Speaker 1: that they might get in return and also the recognition.

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Speaker 1: So clearly a gift of say one thousand dollars to

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Speaker 1: one charity might get them more recognition than donations of

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Speaker 1: hundred dollars to tend different charities, right, and women are

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Speaker 1: more likely to do a lot as I as I've

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Speaker 1: made reference when I was thinking about christ and charity,

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Speaker 1: they are more likely to do a lot of research

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Speaker 1: on the charities are gonna donate to. And whereas men,

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Speaker 1: you know, if they have identified a need, they're more

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Speaker 1: likely to throw the money at the charity and sort

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Speaker 1: of be done with it and not follow up with

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Speaker 1: where their money went or how that money has spent. So,

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Speaker 1: from a nonprofits perspective, women can be more difficult donors

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Speaker 1: to cultivate, but once they build that relationship and really

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Speaker 1: get the message and mission of their organization across to

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Speaker 1: a female donor, she tends to be far more likely

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Speaker 1: and will give in different ways. It's not just gonna

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Speaker 1: be monetary donations. She might donate her time, donate other

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Speaker 1: types of resources, get them in contact with other people.

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Speaker 1: And I thought it was interesting that, uh, when we

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Speaker 1: were reading information about kind of how to cultivate female

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Speaker 1: donors um from a nonprofits perspective, they highly encourage organizations

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Speaker 1: to use words and phrases that are supposed to resonate

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Speaker 1: with women, such as connect, collaborate, create, partner involved, and

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Speaker 1: you know. The reason all this research has been done

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Speaker 1: on the ways men and women give differently, um, how

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Speaker 1: they're likely to give, what words are going to appeal

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Speaker 1: to them is obviously, particularly in troubled economic times, charities

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Speaker 1: are even uh more at risk of going under, of

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Speaker 1: not being able to fulfill their mission. And so it's

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Speaker 1: interesting to see in a time like this if men

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Speaker 1: and women give differently. And they've done a lot of

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Speaker 1: studies where they'll look at ways men give versus ways

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Speaker 1: women given. One thing that they've noticed is that men

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Speaker 1: are more likely to give when there's like a tax

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Speaker 1: donation that could be associated with it, or when there's

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Speaker 1: going to be a matching donor who's going to make

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Speaker 1: their donation go a little bit farther, whereas women are

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Speaker 1: more likely to give even when giving is costly to

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Speaker 1: them in terms of not getting the text donation, not

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Speaker 1: getting the match donor. Uh They still feel that giving

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Speaker 1: is important even when it may not be in their

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Speaker 1: best economic interest to give. And we're not just talking

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Speaker 1: about wealthy people who are donating here. Women with annual

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Speaker 1: incomes of less than ten thousand dollars who might have

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Speaker 1: kids at home as well still give an average of

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Speaker 1: five point four percent of their adjusted gross income to charity.

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Speaker 1: So this is pretty pretty great news. I think it's

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Speaker 1: wonderful that there are so many people out there who

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Speaker 1: want to give and help others. But you know, we're

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Speaker 1: not just trying to throw out all these statistics to

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Speaker 1: be like a man. Women are so awesome, man, Men

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Speaker 1: are so crazy. Um, what's actually interesting what we're gonna

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Speaker 1: get into now is how women and men influence each other.

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Speaker 1: Influence each other when they need to decide how much

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Speaker 1: money to give to a charity. And this, to me

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Speaker 1: is where some of the most interesting research has been

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Speaker 1: done around this issue of charitable giving. So let's say

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Speaker 1: you're married and it comes the time of the year

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Speaker 1: when you maybe towards the end of the year, when

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Speaker 1: you want to donate some money to some charities. What

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Speaker 1: do married couples do in terms of deciding on a

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Speaker 1: charity how much you're going to donate, Because they might

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Speaker 1: come at it from different angles. A guy might want

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Speaker 1: to say donate to the Red Cross, where a woman

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Speaker 1: might want to donate to say care Right. What happens?

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Speaker 1: Well for the answer to that, we're going to turn

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Speaker 1: to James Andreoni Eleanor Brown and Isaac Rischell who did

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Speaker 1: a study called charitable giving by married couples? Who decides

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Speaker 1: and why does it matter? And they did these survey

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Speaker 1: and they said, in your household, who makes the decision

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Speaker 1: about where to give? Husband? Wife? Or do you do

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Speaker 1: it together? And according to the survey, fifty of married

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Speaker 1: couples decide about charitable giving together say that the husband

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Speaker 1: alone decides, and twenty percent say that the wife decides.

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Speaker 1: And this is usually linked with um how much income

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Speaker 1: each person is bringing into the household. If the male

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Speaker 1: is the sole uh economic provider for the family, he

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Speaker 1: has greater decision making powers. If the wife spring more

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Speaker 1: money and she tends to make the decision. But what

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Speaker 1: they wanted to look at is if these couples were

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Speaker 1: working together to decide. If they you're thinking, hey, we've got,

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Speaker 1: you know, two thousand dollars to give to charity. We

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Speaker 1: like these board charities, how do they make that decision

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Speaker 1: of how to divvy up the money. And what's kind

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Speaker 1: of surprising is that if you're making the decision together,

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Speaker 1: the men tend to influence the women more than the

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Speaker 1: women influence the men, which is kind of surprising because women,

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Speaker 1: like we've said, tend to be more altruistic, and yet

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Speaker 1: the husband's decisions will typically win out. But if there's

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Speaker 1: some kind of conflict, if they really have to hash

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Speaker 1: out this donation issue, how how much they're going to

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Speaker 1: give to where that hurts the amount of giving that

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Speaker 1: they do in the end typically by about six percent.

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Speaker 1: So this is something that charities are trying to keep

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Speaker 1: in mind when they're trying to appeal to you. If

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Speaker 1: you're married, they know that they've got to really you know,

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Speaker 1: not to sound predatory about it, but they know they've

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Speaker 1: really got to get the hooks and the wife if

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Speaker 1: she's going to have that soul making decision power, whereas

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Speaker 1: if the woman is married, it's gonna be a little

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Speaker 1: bit harder for her to allocate funds to the charity.

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Speaker 1: But this research was contradicted by some other research we

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Speaker 1: found that I think is really interesting too. So let's

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Speaker 1: talk about that study and how it kind of is

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Speaker 1: just going to confuse what a charity should do at all.

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Speaker 1: And this study comes from the Journal of Feminist Economics.

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Speaker 1: It's called Altruism and Individual and joint giving decisions. What's

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Speaker 1: gender got to do? With it. Now, this is unmarried

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Speaker 1: couples in some uh and they may not even be

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Speaker 1: in a romantic relationship. These may just be a random stranger.

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Speaker 1: So what they do is, um they basically do what

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Speaker 1: Kristen did at the beginning of the episode. They give

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Speaker 1: a group of participants ten dollars and say, you can

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Speaker 1: go out to lunch or buy yourself book or whatever,

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Speaker 1: or you can give this ten dollars to the Red Cross.

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Speaker 1: And what they do is all the participants were supposed

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Speaker 1: to go off in a little corner where no one

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Speaker 1: could see them, and they could write on an envelope,

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Speaker 1: I'm giving, you know, five dollars to the Red Cross,

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Speaker 1: and I'm keeping five dollars, or I'm giving all of

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Speaker 1: the ten dollars to the Red Cross. Room keeping all

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Speaker 1: the ten dollars. And they collected all the envelopes and

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Speaker 1: they found But as you might expect, the women were

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Speaker 1: more likely to give more to the Red Cross and

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Speaker 1: to give all of their money to the Red Cross. Right.

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Speaker 1: There was a forty four percent gender difference, which is

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Speaker 1: pretty pretty huge in terms of how much the individual

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Speaker 1: men and women gave. On average, men would give four

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Speaker 1: dollars and ninety one cents of that ten dollars to

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Speaker 1: the Red Cross, whereas the women tended to give seven

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Speaker 1: dollars and seven cents pretty generous. But so then they

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Speaker 1: were like surprised, there's another round to this, and they

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Speaker 1: put them into pairs. Some pairs were male female, some

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Speaker 1: were male male, and some are female female, and they said,

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Speaker 1: here's another ten dollars for each of you. Now this,

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Speaker 1: now a couple has twenty dollars. Are you gonna keep it?

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Speaker 1: Are you going to give it to the Red Cross?

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Speaker 1: And together they would go off and decide what they

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Speaker 1: would do with their twenty dollars. So as the men

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Speaker 1: and women are hashing this out, keep in mind that

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Speaker 1: men tend to be more selfish and want to keep

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Speaker 1: more of the money, whereas women tend to want to

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Speaker 1: give the money away. So where do those two affects

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Speaker 1: me in the middle. Well, women's altruism seems to have

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Speaker 1: a greater effect on the men than the men's sting

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Speaker 1: genus might have on the giving women. And what I

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Speaker 1: mean by that is that men would tend to donate

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Speaker 1: more money than they normally would once they are collaborating

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Speaker 1: with the women. Now, when women are having to collaborate

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Speaker 1: with the men, they do become slightly less altruistic. They

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Speaker 1: don't give quite as much money, but it's not as

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Speaker 1: much of a drop right, and female female matchups they

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Speaker 1: pretty much gave around the same amount they gave the

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Speaker 1: first round. Male male matchups they didn't tend to give

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Speaker 1: that much more than they give them the first round.

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Speaker 1: They stayed pretty low on the donation side, but the

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Speaker 1: gender mixed pairs ended up being the most generous of

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Speaker 1: all of the matchups, followed then by the female females. Now,

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Speaker 1: when two guys got together, hey, I mean it's like

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Speaker 1: two Scrooge McDuck's hanging out. I mean they're not I

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Speaker 1: mean self ei throughout the word selfish, Christen, and I

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Speaker 1: don't want to rub anyone the wrong way. That's the

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Speaker 1: term that the researchers are using to denote someone who

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Speaker 1: is least likely to give the funds. But they say,

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Speaker 1: you know this is interesting. Women can really influence. It's

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Speaker 1: those men in the male female partnerships to give more,

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Speaker 1: even though their own giving maybe dropping. So I feel

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Speaker 1: like if you um, and again, it's it's not an

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Speaker 1: apples to apples comparison with the other study we just

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Speaker 1: this decision together, and it's possible that the men wanted

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Speaker 1: to impress the women. Well, yes, that might be attributed

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Speaker 1: to something the researchers call the social information effect. It's basically,

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Speaker 1: once you know that you're being judged in your decision

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Speaker 1: and you have the input from someone else about what

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Speaker 1: you should or shouldn't do, that tends to sway your

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Speaker 1: final decision. Whereas once you get married and you're in

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Speaker 1: that other study, the first study about the husband's having

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Speaker 1: greater sway, then you may have more similar ideas about

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Speaker 1: charitable giving and it may not be um so crazy

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Speaker 1: that the husband's desires went out over a female's desires.

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Speaker 1: But again, if if the feminist economics stay is holding out,

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Speaker 1: maybe these men in married relationships are giving more than

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Speaker 1: they would have if they were single. So, now that

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Speaker 1: we understand this interesting interplay between giving and gender and

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Speaker 1: how we are perceived because of based on how much

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Speaker 1: we're donating to charities, what's the real world application of

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Speaker 1: all of these dictator game scenarios that these economists have

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Speaker 1: played out in the classroom. Well, you know, Like I said,

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Speaker 1: it's tough times. Everyone wants to make sure that their

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Speaker 1: own charity gets funds, and so this is definitely going

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Speaker 1: to influence the way that charities market themselves to you.

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Speaker 1: But I think it's also um important to think about

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Speaker 1: your own giving and how you can influence those around you.

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Speaker 1: Another thing that women are really known for is giving

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Speaker 1: in groups. Um. They'll get together and pool money and

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Speaker 1: think that, what you know, with this larger collection of money,

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Speaker 1: we can make more of a difference. Um, And just

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Speaker 1: having that conversation we you know, we've talked before on

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Speaker 1: the podcast question that Hundon really likes to discuss money

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Speaker 1: with romantic partner. But sitting down having that discussion of

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Speaker 1: you know, how much money do we have to give?

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Speaker 1: Where do we want to give it? Can we compromise

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Speaker 1: on how we're going to give it? And I think

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Speaker 1: one of the coolest things I read while we were

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Speaker 1: researching this podcast about charitable giving us how you can

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Speaker 1: influence your own children to give more, And it was

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Speaker 1: there's one really cool idea where you just give a

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Speaker 1: kid fifty dollars for the year and say, you know,

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Speaker 1: split it up how you'd like. Among among charities, to

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Speaker 1: interest you. And I think back to what you asked

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Speaker 1: me about your orphaned animal charity, my Crippled Critters. Now

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Speaker 1: you didn't tell me that name that's going to influence

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Speaker 1: my decision Congress Crippled Critters. I mean, are you really

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Speaker 1: going to deny? I do love alliteration. Yeah, Um, so

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Speaker 1: you would have to know a little bit about how

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Speaker 1: much I'd want to know about the business. And and

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Speaker 1: I think that knowing that you might judge me, and

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Speaker 1: knowing that you've got these poor critters that I'm concerned about,

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Speaker 1: I think that maybe uh, I could do some good

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Speaker 1: by getting the word out and by giving you my

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Speaker 1: ten dollars. Do you want to feed yourself or maybe

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Speaker 1: a dog three legs? Molly, you make that decision. I won't.

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Speaker 1: I won't judge you. Fun. In fact, women do you

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Speaker 1: give to animal related charities far more than men do? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we do love giving to animals. So uh. We have

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Speaker 1: talked before on the podcast about the organization Care and

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Speaker 1: we've also talked about the organization co ED, which are

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Speaker 1: Friends over Stuff. You should know they went to Guatemala

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Speaker 1: and worked with co ED raising literacy awareness in Guatemala.

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Speaker 1: Those are two causes that both Chris and I really like,

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Speaker 1: And we'd love to hear from you guys about where

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Speaker 1: your charitable dollars go, causes you feel passionately about, and

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Speaker 1: so how do you guys make that decision what to give,

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Speaker 1: where to give? Uh? Do you have any influence over

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Speaker 1: your partner? Do you have any influence over your friends?

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Speaker 1: What should charities know about you? Yeah? And also decisions

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Speaker 1: not to give because there have been certain organizations that

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Speaker 1: you might not want to donate your money too. So

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Speaker 1: I do have some qualms about the Congress cripple cridits.

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Speaker 1: I'm not gonna lie. Hey now, Molly, why am I

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Speaker 1: just now hearing about it? Chris? Just you know I've

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Speaker 1: been I've been filing for my UH FIVEAH one C

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Speaker 1: three nonprofit status, So it's just taking a little while

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Speaker 1: to get through all the red tape. Anyway, send us

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Speaker 1: an email. Mom Stuff at how stuff works dot com

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Speaker 1: and wants to read a couple of those listener emails.

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Speaker 1: This is from Heather. It's about our tm J podcasts,

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Speaker 1: and she writes, I'm a physical therapist. While most people

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Speaker 1: think of physical therapy as a treatment only for injured athletes,

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Speaker 1: people with knee, shoulder, neck or back problems, and patients

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Speaker 1: who are in the hospital who have surgery. Most physical

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Speaker 1: therapists have had education and training related to disorders and

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Speaker 1: treatments of the temporal mandibular joint. In fact, many dentists,

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Speaker 1: who are usually the first healthcare professionals to hear about

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Speaker 1: our diagnosed tm J disorders for further patients to physical

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Speaker 1: therapists before resorting to more drastic measures such as surgery.

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Speaker 1: There are many things that PT can do to address

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Speaker 1: t m J problems, including some of those mentioned in

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Speaker 1: your podcast. However, we also incorporate specific exercises, hands on

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Speaker 1: treatment techniques such as joint mobilization, and modalities such as

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Speaker 1: ultrasound or I into feresis, which is a method of

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Speaker 1: delivering anti inflammatory or other medications to the painful area.

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Speaker 1: Of course, every individual case is different, so the therapist

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Speaker 1: will perform a thorough examination and evaluation of each patient

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Speaker 1: to determine the exact nature of the problem and then

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Speaker 1: designed a treatment plan based on their findings. Sometimes the

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Speaker 1: issue may not actually be caused by the t MJ itself,

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Speaker 1: but rather the next should or even poor posture. Conversely,

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Speaker 1: headaches or neck pain maybe the result of problems of

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Speaker 1: the tempero mandibular joint. So for everyone out there with TMJ,

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Speaker 1: Heather offers a really great alternative, see a physical therapist.

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Speaker 1: All right, I've got another t m J. Let her

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Speaker 1: here from Meta and Meta has dealt with team JA

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Speaker 1: disorder since she was a teenager and has been researching

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Speaker 1: potential therapies with much frustration. She says, there are many

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Speaker 1: therapies and supposed cures out there that are completely unfielded

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Speaker 1: in science. There's even one clinic nearby that promises to

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Speaker 1: cure tm J disorder by running an electric current for

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Speaker 1: the jaw. There's also no fund almost no funding available

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Speaker 1: for genuinely researching this fairly common problem. Is it because

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Speaker 1: it straddles the line between regular medicine and dentistry? Is

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Speaker 1: it because t m J disorder is a problem that

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Speaker 1: primarily affects women. Is it because there's so many different

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Speaker 1: factors that contribute to it. Who knows? It's irritating at

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Speaker 1: any rate. One thing that's worked for me is trying

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Speaker 1: to practice good posture. I tend to slouch and I've

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Speaker 1: noticed that this aggravates my jaw. Now, whenever my jaws up,

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Speaker 1: I examine my posture wants things have progressed with a

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Speaker 1: certain point. Anti inflammatories like eybeproven also helped greatly, not

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Speaker 1: only with pain relief, for their ability to take down

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Speaker 1: inflammation around the joint. Generally a few eydyprofen will help

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Speaker 1: me if my jaw has gotten to a bad state.

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Speaker 1: So thank you for the tips meta, and of course

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Speaker 1: if you have any emails, send them to mom Stuff

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Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. You can also send

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00:18:56,400 --> 00:18:59,159
Speaker 1: us a shout out up to our Facebook page or

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Speaker 1: follow us on Twitter at moms Stuff podcast, and you

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00:19:02,960 --> 00:19:05,520
Speaker 1: can read our blog during the week. It is stuff

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Speaker 1: Mom Never told You at how stuff works dot com.

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Speaker 1: For more onness and thousands of other topics. Is it

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Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. To learn more about the podcast,

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Speaker 1: clog on the podcast icon in the upper right corner

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Speaker 1: of our homepage. The how Stuff Works iPhone app has

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Speaker 1: a ride. Download it today on iTunes. Brought to you

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Speaker 1: by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. It's ready, Are

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Speaker 1: you