1
00:00:02,279 --> 00:00:06,000
Speaker 1: What, I don't know. Fuck it, We're still out of introductions.

2
00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:09,840
Speaker 1: The shipments are still coming. We've been told the supply

3
00:00:09,920 --> 00:00:12,959
Speaker 1: lines are holding out, but they have not been trucked

4
00:00:12,960 --> 00:00:16,560
Speaker 1: into us yet. So you know, Um, we will see

5
00:00:16,640 --> 00:00:19,640
Speaker 1: at some point this introduction shortage will end. I will

6
00:00:19,680 --> 00:00:23,120
Speaker 1: promise you, my fellow Americans, that, but it just hasn't yet.

7
00:00:23,160 --> 00:00:25,919
Speaker 1: We're still out of intros, but we're not out of

8
00:00:25,960 --> 00:00:30,760
Speaker 1: sore and bowies. We are flush and so boys, I

9
00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:33,800
Speaker 1: would dare say, lousy with sores, Yeah, filthy with So

10
00:00:34,080 --> 00:00:36,600
Speaker 1: this is the most we've ever had in this podcast

11
00:00:36,640 --> 00:00:40,640
Speaker 1: at least um and tied for the most that I've

12
00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:45,080
Speaker 1: ever had during that ten year period where we work together. Yes,

13
00:00:45,240 --> 00:00:49,040
Speaker 1: and I'll say completely useless during a disaster. You don't

14
00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:53,040
Speaker 1: want these. They can't help you. Now, that's not true,

15
00:00:53,120 --> 00:00:55,160
Speaker 1: because one of the things sore and you're you're a

16
00:00:55,240 --> 00:00:57,200
Speaker 1: number of things. You are currently a writer for the

17
00:00:57,240 --> 00:01:00,000
Speaker 1: TV show American Dad. You're formerly my coworker at Cracked.

18
00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:02,800
Speaker 1: You are a host of the co host of the

19
00:01:02,840 --> 00:01:06,480
Speaker 1: podcast Quick Question with my friend Daniel O'Brien. Uh, and

20
00:01:06,560 --> 00:01:10,480
Speaker 1: you have also helped discover a lost city in the

21
00:01:10,520 --> 00:01:12,880
Speaker 1: desert and I'm not gonna give any more detail to

22
00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:14,840
Speaker 1: my audience than that. But that's not a joke. That's

23
00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:16,959
Speaker 1: just a thing Sore and did one time, which he

24
00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:19,840
Speaker 1: has in common with our our host today. Kind of

25
00:01:19,880 --> 00:01:23,280
Speaker 1: not really. Yeah, you know you'll find along the way

26
00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:24,520
Speaker 1: that there are a lot of things he and I

27
00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:29,640
Speaker 1: have in common. You have discovered a city, and again

28
00:01:29,800 --> 00:01:31,640
Speaker 1: no more detail will be given, so off we go

29
00:01:31,720 --> 00:01:35,880
Speaker 1: into the tail. So um, I think it's it's hard

30
00:01:35,920 --> 00:01:39,160
Speaker 1: to adequately convey to people what Africa. Also, this is

31
00:01:39,200 --> 00:01:41,320
Speaker 1: behind the Bastards. You probably knew that because this is

32
00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:44,920
Speaker 1: part two in the episode thank you. Uh, It's hard

33
00:01:44,920 --> 00:01:48,800
Speaker 1: to adequately convey to people today like what African explorers

34
00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:51,480
Speaker 1: were to Europeans in the mid eighteen hundreds in late

35
00:01:51,520 --> 00:01:55,000
Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds, Like the closest thing we have today would

36
00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:57,640
Speaker 1: be like a cross between a major YouTube star and

37
00:01:57,680 --> 00:02:00,880
Speaker 1: a pop musician. Like you have to think about these

38
00:02:00,920 --> 00:02:02,680
Speaker 1: guys kind of the way people think of Beyonce and

39
00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:05,480
Speaker 1: Rihanna today, Like they are that level of worshiped and

40
00:02:05,520 --> 00:02:08,959
Speaker 1: adored um by a lot of people, which is hard

41
00:02:08,960 --> 00:02:11,840
Speaker 1: to get your head around because they're all like Stanley

42
00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:15,280
Speaker 1: um so as Stanley stared out towards Africa. You know,

43
00:02:15,320 --> 00:02:17,840
Speaker 1: at this point in his career aged seven. Uh. Two

44
00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:19,919
Speaker 1: of the most famous explorers in the world, where Richard

45
00:02:19,919 --> 00:02:22,760
Speaker 1: Burton and John Speck. They just finished their epic journey

46
00:02:22,760 --> 00:02:25,360
Speaker 1: from Africa's east coast to Lake Tanga Yika, which is

47
00:02:25,400 --> 00:02:28,440
Speaker 1: the longest freshwater lake on Earth. And they had quote

48
00:02:28,520 --> 00:02:31,640
Speaker 1: unquote discovered Lake Victoria, the largest body of water in Africa,

49
00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:33,960
Speaker 1: during this trip. It was considered to be like this

50
00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:36,600
Speaker 1: huge deal. Everybody who was very excited. People couldn't shut

51
00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:39,040
Speaker 1: the funk up about Lake Victoria and about Burton and

52
00:02:39,080 --> 00:02:42,640
Speaker 1: spec and Americans were obsessed with them too. Now, one

53
00:02:42,639 --> 00:02:46,440
Speaker 1: of the most famous explorers of this day was David Livingstone.

54
00:02:46,880 --> 00:02:51,880
Speaker 1: He was a physician and a Christian evangelist from Scotland. Now, Uh,

55
00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:55,880
Speaker 1: Livingstone was an abolitionist and his focus was on ending

56
00:02:55,919 --> 00:02:58,800
Speaker 1: what is often referred to as the Arab slave trade

57
00:02:58,880 --> 00:03:01,600
Speaker 1: in Africa. And you hear about the Arab slave trade

58
00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:05,040
Speaker 1: in Africa today usually when people are explaining how the

59
00:03:05,080 --> 00:03:08,919
Speaker 1: Confederacy wasn't all that bad because Arabs were the real

60
00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:14,840
Speaker 1: villains of the slave trade. Uh yeah, and it's yeah,

61
00:03:14,919 --> 00:03:19,120
Speaker 1: so uh Livingstone the Arab slave trade was a real thing,

62
00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:22,600
Speaker 1: but it's probably wrong to call it the Arab slave trade.

63
00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:25,600
Speaker 1: A decent number of the people who were running the

64
00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:28,120
Speaker 1: trade were Arabs, but they were North African Arabs, and

65
00:03:28,160 --> 00:03:29,919
Speaker 1: a lot of them weren't Arabs, like a lot of

66
00:03:29,919 --> 00:03:31,760
Speaker 1: a lot of people are Swihelian stuff like that. These

67
00:03:31,760 --> 00:03:34,200
Speaker 1: are people from like North Africa. Some of them are Arabs,

68
00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:36,600
Speaker 1: some of them aren't. It gets reduced to being the

69
00:03:36,680 --> 00:03:39,720
Speaker 1: Arab slave trades, that people can blame Arabs. Um, but

70
00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:41,960
Speaker 1: it's you know, it's it's a bunch of people from

71
00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:45,280
Speaker 1: one part of Africa enslaving, enslaving people from another part

72
00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:47,480
Speaker 1: of Africa and selling them somewhere. It's a bad thing,

73
00:03:47,840 --> 00:03:52,120
Speaker 1: but it's not quite the way it's it's portrayed today. Um.

74
00:03:52,160 --> 00:03:56,560
Speaker 1: So Livingstone was committed to in this kind of slavery. Um.

75
00:03:56,600 --> 00:03:58,320
Speaker 1: I didn't hear much about him on the Civil War.

76
00:03:58,360 --> 00:04:01,360
Speaker 1: I think he probably was anti confederacy in this, but

77
00:04:02,040 --> 00:04:06,920
Speaker 1: England itself wasn't necessarily in any way. We'll move on. Uh.

78
00:04:06,960 --> 00:04:09,360
Speaker 1: He was convinced that the answer. He was committed to

79
00:04:09,440 --> 00:04:12,839
Speaker 1: ending slavery in Africa. Um he was committed to ending

80
00:04:12,840 --> 00:04:14,960
Speaker 1: slavery in Africa, and he was convinced that the answer

81
00:04:14,960 --> 00:04:18,120
Speaker 1: to doing so was what he called legitimate trade. Uh.

82
00:04:18,200 --> 00:04:22,320
Speaker 1: Livingstone was a believer in Christianity, commerce and civilization. Those

83
00:04:22,440 --> 00:04:25,920
Speaker 1: that was one of his like catchphrases uh, saying that Christianity,

84
00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:29,719
Speaker 1: commerce and civilization would free black Africans from slavery. Um

85
00:04:29,760 --> 00:04:32,520
Speaker 1: that the violent colonial domination of millions of people was

86
00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:34,240
Speaker 1: the only way to achieve This was not something that

87
00:04:34,279 --> 00:04:37,120
Speaker 1: Livingston ever really said, but it was the inevitable result

88
00:04:37,200 --> 00:04:42,600
Speaker 1: of his beliefs. Um. So it's cool. Yeah, when you're

89
00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:44,719
Speaker 1: trying to build a utopia, you gotta break a few

90
00:04:44,720 --> 00:04:49,039
Speaker 1: eggs man. Yeah. And Livingston felt a powerful desire to

91
00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:51,920
Speaker 1: connect the different villages, towns, and ports of Central Africa

92
00:04:52,560 --> 00:04:55,640
Speaker 1: in order to facilitate easier trade and allow missionaries to

93
00:04:55,640 --> 00:04:59,479
Speaker 1: move around more easily and christianize the continent. Um. He

94
00:04:59,520 --> 00:05:01,800
Speaker 1: wanted to was the many lakes and rivers of Central

95
00:05:01,839 --> 00:05:05,479
Speaker 1: Africa as highways to facilitate this trade. But in order

96
00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:07,400
Speaker 1: to do that, he had to map them uh. And

97
00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:09,760
Speaker 1: that's just what Livingston set out to do. He started

98
00:05:09,800 --> 00:05:11,839
Speaker 1: mapping out the Congo River and he had a series

99
00:05:11,839 --> 00:05:14,360
Speaker 1: of daring adventures on the way. For one example, at

100
00:05:14,360 --> 00:05:16,200
Speaker 1: one point he was he agreed to help a village

101
00:05:16,240 --> 00:05:18,880
Speaker 1: by trying to kill a lion that was hunting them. Um,

102
00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:20,920
Speaker 1: and he hit the lion, but like the eye and

103
00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:23,599
Speaker 1: still attacked him and his arm was horribly mald So

104
00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:25,400
Speaker 1: he's like, he's the kind of things this guy gets

105
00:05:25,480 --> 00:05:27,599
Speaker 1: up to, and he gets very He writes books which

106
00:05:27,600 --> 00:05:30,960
Speaker 1: are very popular, and he's he becomes, you know, moderately famous.

107
00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:33,279
Speaker 1: He's not the most popular explorer, but he's up there.

108
00:05:33,760 --> 00:05:37,799
Speaker 1: Um and Stanley reads one of his books and he's enthralled. Now.

109
00:05:37,960 --> 00:05:40,720
Speaker 1: The height of Livingston's fame came in the late eighteen fifties,

110
00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:43,320
Speaker 1: when he succeeded in convincing a series of backers to

111
00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:45,800
Speaker 1: fund his effort to map the Zambezi River so that

112
00:05:45,839 --> 00:05:47,680
Speaker 1: he could create a major artery through which he could

113
00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:50,600
Speaker 1: pump Christianity and capitalism into the heart of Africa. He

114
00:05:50,720 --> 00:05:53,680
Speaker 1: succeeded in working at a deal with the London Missionary Society,

115
00:05:53,880 --> 00:05:56,400
Speaker 1: but sort of misled them about the extent to which

116
00:05:56,400 --> 00:05:59,440
Speaker 1: the government supported his efforts. The result of which of

117
00:05:59,440 --> 00:06:01,760
Speaker 1: this is that he brought a shipload of missionaries into

118
00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:04,120
Speaker 1: a place that was extremely dangerous and a bunch of

119
00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:07,800
Speaker 1: them and more importantly, their young children died horribly. Uh,

120
00:06:07,839 --> 00:06:11,040
Speaker 1: this disaster was not good for Livingstone's pr in By

121
00:06:11,080 --> 00:06:13,080
Speaker 1: eighteen sixty six, he was seen as something of a

122
00:06:13,160 --> 00:06:15,599
Speaker 1: has been. You would say he's like the Jeremy Renner

123
00:06:15,680 --> 00:06:19,960
Speaker 1: of guys who explore Africa in this period. Now I'm

124
00:06:20,040 --> 00:06:24,000
Speaker 1: curious when he's like when his goal is to uh

125
00:06:24,160 --> 00:06:26,839
Speaker 1: find out where like this, find this river and explore

126
00:06:26,880 --> 00:06:30,400
Speaker 1: this river so that he can pump Christianity into that area.

127
00:06:30,680 --> 00:06:34,400
Speaker 1: Yeah my phrasing. Yeah, Yeah, I'm curious, like how that

128
00:06:34,920 --> 00:06:37,359
Speaker 1: what that looks like? Logistically? Like I can get that

129
00:06:37,400 --> 00:06:41,560
Speaker 1: you would important export stuff, but something as nebulous as

130
00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:44,120
Speaker 1: a religion. Are you just pumping a bunch of white

131
00:06:44,200 --> 00:06:46,760
Speaker 1: Christians into that area and being like, eventually this will

132
00:06:46,800 --> 00:06:49,200
Speaker 1: take root? Yeah, Basically you're sending a lot of them

133
00:06:49,240 --> 00:06:51,800
Speaker 1: there to form little communities, to have businesses and also

134
00:06:51,880 --> 00:06:54,320
Speaker 1: to to to witness to people. And kind of the

135
00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:57,680
Speaker 1: assumption I think Livingstone makes is that the benefits of

136
00:06:57,680 --> 00:07:01,080
Speaker 1: white Christian civilization will just be so vious that eventually

137
00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:03,719
Speaker 1: this will take root and take over, you know the

138
00:07:03,760 --> 00:07:06,800
Speaker 1: way things had been. He wants he wants what you'd

139
00:07:06,839 --> 00:07:09,720
Speaker 1: call a soft genocide. He doesn't want to kill any

140
00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:12,080
Speaker 1: of the people. That's not the kind of guy Livingston is.

141
00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:15,120
Speaker 1: But he wants to completely change every aspect of their

142
00:07:15,160 --> 00:07:17,880
Speaker 1: old life and destroy the old culture because his is better.

143
00:07:18,200 --> 00:07:23,320
Speaker 1: So like like a soft genocide. Again, the English were

144
00:07:23,400 --> 00:07:25,800
Speaker 1: the slow Nazis, Like that's the way to look at

145
00:07:25,800 --> 00:07:30,720
Speaker 1: the Uh. Yeah, and they have a way higher death

146
00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:33,280
Speaker 1: told than the Nazis because being slow lets you do that.

147
00:07:33,400 --> 00:07:37,720
Speaker 1: But anyway, uh so yeah, he uh it's cool. So

148
00:07:37,880 --> 00:07:41,559
Speaker 1: in eighteen sixty six, uh, sort of disgraced Jeremy Renner

149
00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:44,200
Speaker 1: type David Livingstone sets off on another one of his

150
00:07:44,200 --> 00:07:46,480
Speaker 1: adventures to find the source of the Nile. Uh. He

151
00:07:46,520 --> 00:07:48,880
Speaker 1: went missing, and for years very little was heard from

152
00:07:48,880 --> 00:07:51,280
Speaker 1: the doctor. By eighteen sixty eight, all of Europe was

153
00:07:51,320 --> 00:07:53,800
Speaker 1: in an uproar over the fate of David Livingstone. Within

154
00:07:53,920 --> 00:07:57,080
Speaker 1: several English social clubs, gears began charning to raise money

155
00:07:57,120 --> 00:07:59,640
Speaker 1: for an expedition to rescue the good Doctor or to

156
00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:02,480
Speaker 1: find evidence of his demise. But sitting over in the

157
00:08:02,560 --> 00:08:04,800
Speaker 1: United States keeping an eye on the news, Henry Morton

158
00:08:04,920 --> 00:08:07,680
Speaker 1: Stanley was able to see something important in the disappearance

159
00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:12,000
Speaker 1: of David Livingstone an opportunity for Henry Morton Stanley. Yes,

160
00:08:13,720 --> 00:08:17,720
Speaker 1: ye to Africa now, Henry, Yeah, if he could somehow

161
00:08:17,760 --> 00:08:20,120
Speaker 1: convince his new employer to send him to Africa and

162
00:08:20,120 --> 00:08:23,000
Speaker 1: then track down Livingston himself, he would have the biggest

163
00:08:23,040 --> 00:08:25,080
Speaker 1: scoop in all of journalism. It would be the kind

164
00:08:25,080 --> 00:08:26,880
Speaker 1: of story that would not just make his career but

165
00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:30,000
Speaker 1: make him into a global celebrity. And there was nothing

166
00:08:30,080 --> 00:08:32,839
Speaker 1: Henry Morton Stanley wanted more. He spent quite a lot

167
00:08:32,840 --> 00:08:34,640
Speaker 1: of time trying to convince the publisher of The New

168
00:08:34,679 --> 00:08:37,600
Speaker 1: York Harold to fund his expedition. He succeeded once, but

169
00:08:37,600 --> 00:08:40,319
Speaker 1: then Livingstone turned up briefly again, and Stanley put it

170
00:08:40,360 --> 00:08:42,480
Speaker 1: around the Middle East, you know, doing that sort of

171
00:08:42,520 --> 00:08:46,440
Speaker 1: journalism instead. It took until eighteen sixty nine for things

172
00:08:46,440 --> 00:08:48,560
Speaker 1: to really start to happen with this story. So like

173
00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:52,520
Speaker 1: four years after Livingston goes missing. Uh, and Stanley's version

174
00:08:52,520 --> 00:08:54,280
Speaker 1: of the story of how he got approval to do

175
00:08:54,320 --> 00:08:56,400
Speaker 1: this as a lie, but it's also the most coherent

176
00:08:56,520 --> 00:08:58,200
Speaker 1: version of the tale. So we're gonna start here. I'm

177
00:08:58,240 --> 00:09:01,880
Speaker 1: gonna quote Adam hoss Child's right up of In eighteen

178
00:09:01,960 --> 00:09:05,240
Speaker 1: sixty nine, Stanley received an urgent telegram from Bennett, his boss,

179
00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:08,640
Speaker 1: come to Paris on important business at journalists. Stanley wrote,

180
00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:10,360
Speaker 1: with the self importance that had now become part of

181
00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:13,240
Speaker 1: his public PERSONA is like a gladiator in the arena,

182
00:09:13,360 --> 00:09:15,559
Speaker 1: and he flinching any cowardice, and he has lost. The

183
00:09:15,559 --> 00:09:18,240
Speaker 1: gladiator meets the sword that is sharpened for his bosom.

184
00:09:18,440 --> 00:09:21,040
Speaker 1: The roving correspondent meets the command that may send him

185
00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:23,800
Speaker 1: to his doom. He dashed off to Paris to meet

186
00:09:23,840 --> 00:09:27,000
Speaker 1: his publisher at the Grand Hotel. They're a dramatic conversation

187
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:29,920
Speaker 1: about Livingstone climax, with Bennett saying, I mean that you

188
00:09:29,960 --> 00:09:32,120
Speaker 1: shall go and find him wherever you may hear that

189
00:09:32,200 --> 00:09:34,000
Speaker 1: he is, and to get what news you can of him.

190
00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:36,199
Speaker 1: And perhaps the old man may be in want taken

191
00:09:36,280 --> 00:09:38,320
Speaker 1: up with you to help him if he should require it.

192
00:09:38,520 --> 00:09:41,319
Speaker 1: But do what you think is best. But find Livingstone.

193
00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:45,440
Speaker 1: Now none of this actually happened. Uh. It's a lie

194
00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:47,600
Speaker 1: that Stanley cooked up because it made a good introduction

195
00:09:47,640 --> 00:09:50,200
Speaker 1: for the book. He eventually wrote about his expedition, and

196
00:09:50,240 --> 00:09:53,000
Speaker 1: he tore up the pages of his diary from those days.

197
00:09:53,000 --> 00:09:58,400
Speaker 1: So we will never know what actually went down, Umney journey, No, no, no,

198
00:09:58,480 --> 00:10:00,319
Speaker 1: just the whole story of how he can inst his

199
00:10:00,360 --> 00:10:03,720
Speaker 1: boss to send him um The real story seems to

200
00:10:03,760 --> 00:10:06,440
Speaker 1: basically be that he got approval because it was a

201
00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:08,520
Speaker 1: big story, and then his boss backed out a bunch

202
00:10:08,520 --> 00:10:11,040
Speaker 1: of times, and eventually Stanley kind of conned his way

203
00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:13,240
Speaker 1: into pulling out of money out of the company accounts

204
00:10:13,280 --> 00:10:16,160
Speaker 1: and then disappearing in Africa. And when he reappeared with

205
00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:18,400
Speaker 1: the story, his boss agreed to pretend that nothing bad

206
00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:20,920
Speaker 1: had happened. You know, that's kind of the gist of it.

207
00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:24,360
Speaker 1: I think it's a weird story. Say, there's nothing you

208
00:10:24,400 --> 00:10:27,720
Speaker 1: want more in a journalist than a really good liar,

209
00:10:28,960 --> 00:10:32,760
Speaker 1: And that's that's exactly what he was. And I'm sure

210
00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:34,880
Speaker 1: his plan was to go there and be like, it

211
00:10:34,960 --> 00:10:38,080
Speaker 1: does not matter if I find him or not. The

212
00:10:38,160 --> 00:10:40,480
Speaker 1: story will be good. I will tell people I found him.

213
00:10:41,200 --> 00:10:44,760
Speaker 1: Word we live in eighteen sixty nobody knows. Yeah, if

214
00:10:44,800 --> 00:10:47,080
Speaker 1: I can get there, I will make a fucking story

215
00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:49,160
Speaker 1: out of this. I just need the money to get

216
00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:51,400
Speaker 1: to Africa and hire a bunch of people to help

217
00:10:51,440 --> 00:10:55,720
Speaker 1: me not die. Um. So, he finally begins his journey

218
00:10:55,760 --> 00:10:58,480
Speaker 1: into the interior of Africa in March eighteen seventy one.

219
00:10:58,880 --> 00:11:01,679
Speaker 1: The trip started out well if you believe Stanley, and

220
00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:03,960
Speaker 1: he found himself falling in love with the native fauna

221
00:11:03,960 --> 00:11:06,280
Speaker 1: and flora of Africa. He wrote that he felt like

222
00:11:06,320 --> 00:11:09,840
Speaker 1: an English nobleman in a massive private park quote, I

223
00:11:09,880 --> 00:11:13,040
Speaker 1: felt momentarily proud that I owned such a vast domain

224
00:11:13,320 --> 00:11:16,760
Speaker 1: inhabited by such noble beasts, the pride of the African forests.

225
00:11:17,200 --> 00:11:20,719
Speaker 1: So he is one thing you can say about Stanley.

226
00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:26,040
Speaker 1: He is the most fucking pedal to the fucking metal colonialist.

227
00:11:26,160 --> 00:11:29,040
Speaker 1: Like there's not not even a second that it takes

228
00:11:29,080 --> 00:11:30,760
Speaker 1: him to be like, yeah, this, this is this feels

229
00:11:30,800 --> 00:11:36,800
Speaker 1: like mine. Yeah, I feel like Africa's mine. He's so

230
00:11:36,840 --> 00:11:39,880
Speaker 1: obsessed with being a nobleman that he even in Africa,

231
00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:42,360
Speaker 1: he's like this, this feels like it, right, this is

232
00:11:42,400 --> 00:11:44,920
Speaker 1: what it's like. This is what it's like, squint, These

233
00:11:44,920 --> 00:11:47,720
Speaker 1: look like my more's that I'm out wandering around on

234
00:11:47,800 --> 00:11:52,640
Speaker 1: my horse path on it rules. So for a little

235
00:11:52,640 --> 00:11:55,640
Speaker 1: while Stanley was in Paradise, he was followed, as always

236
00:11:55,679 --> 00:11:57,760
Speaker 1: by much younger men whose job it was to see

237
00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:00,679
Speaker 1: to his every need and to adore him. His translator,

238
00:12:00,760 --> 00:12:03,920
Speaker 1: Salim fit this bill to a t, as did Kolulu,

239
00:12:04,080 --> 00:12:06,120
Speaker 1: the young slave that he had bought and made into

240
00:12:06,160 --> 00:12:11,320
Speaker 1: a butler. So he owns a slave, um and as

241
00:12:12,160 --> 00:12:14,840
Speaker 1: has to do a lot of He's got to do

242
00:12:14,920 --> 00:12:18,520
Speaker 1: a lot of groundwork to try to turn this one around. Sorry,

243
00:12:18,679 --> 00:12:22,000
Speaker 1: I'm very serious about his acrobatics. It is hard to

244
00:12:22,040 --> 00:12:24,320
Speaker 1: turn a slave owner in the not a racist, but

245
00:12:24,440 --> 00:12:30,960
Speaker 1: Jeal gives it the old college. Try, yes, he describes.

246
00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:34,679
Speaker 1: Jell describes Kolulu as quote the slave boy whom he

247
00:12:34,679 --> 00:12:37,240
Speaker 1: would free by purchase to be his butler, and valet

248
00:12:37,480 --> 00:12:39,679
Speaker 1: Henry would be reminded of the boys at the workhouse

249
00:12:39,720 --> 00:12:42,319
Speaker 1: who had been his de facto family during his adolescence.

250
00:12:42,520 --> 00:12:44,440
Speaker 1: Not that his affection for them would stop him from

251
00:12:44,440 --> 00:12:47,360
Speaker 1: beating both Salim and Kolulu for crimes such as stealing

252
00:12:47,400 --> 00:12:56,600
Speaker 1: food and breaking things. So the way that he describes

253
00:12:57,080 --> 00:12:59,440
Speaker 1: he washes it away as he's like he has an

254
00:12:59,440 --> 00:13:01,559
Speaker 1: affinity for him because he reminds him of the slaves

255
00:13:01,559 --> 00:13:04,120
Speaker 1: at the workhouse. He still beats the ship out of

256
00:13:04,120 --> 00:13:07,160
Speaker 1: this slave, Don't get me wrong, beats the ship out

257
00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:10,720
Speaker 1: of this slave. It's also worth noting and gil Kind

258
00:13:10,720 --> 00:13:14,320
Speaker 1: of brushes over this that Stanley doesn't like Kalulu's original

259
00:13:14,400 --> 00:13:17,720
Speaker 1: name and he just changes it. Nice, he just gives

260
00:13:17,760 --> 00:13:19,760
Speaker 1: him a new name. It's a better name for you,

261
00:13:21,640 --> 00:13:26,559
Speaker 1: stan relationship, Yeah, Stanley from now on? Who again? Jail

262
00:13:27,280 --> 00:13:31,040
Speaker 1: repeatedly points out what an anti slavery crusader Stanley is

263
00:13:31,440 --> 00:13:34,000
Speaker 1: owns a slave whose name that he changes and whom

264
00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:36,199
Speaker 1: he beats, and this is different from slavery for a

265
00:13:36,240 --> 00:13:38,240
Speaker 1: variety of reasons that neither Gil nor I have the

266
00:13:38,240 --> 00:13:43,160
Speaker 1: time to get into right now, so we change. Um

267
00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:46,640
Speaker 1: oh boy, yeah, it's it's it's somewhere in here. Oh man,

268
00:13:46,679 --> 00:13:48,840
Speaker 1: I hope it's like I hope he needed him, like Karen,

269
00:13:49,360 --> 00:13:51,839
Speaker 1: just like no, no, no, no, Kalulu is the name.

270
00:13:51,880 --> 00:13:54,160
Speaker 1: He changes it too, and it's what Kolulu goes by

271
00:13:54,240 --> 00:13:56,839
Speaker 1: for the rest of his life. Um or what the

272
00:13:56,920 --> 00:13:58,760
Speaker 1: kid goes by for the rest of his life, like

273
00:13:58,840 --> 00:14:01,640
Speaker 1: Stanley brings him back to England and stuff like, I

274
00:14:01,640 --> 00:14:03,080
Speaker 1: don't know. It is one of those things, you know,

275
00:14:03,160 --> 00:14:04,760
Speaker 1: a lot of times people will defend these guys, will

276
00:14:04,800 --> 00:14:07,120
Speaker 1: pointing out that like these people who they very clearly

277
00:14:07,160 --> 00:14:10,720
Speaker 1: abused and owned, like liked them and spoke pleasantly about

278
00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:13,000
Speaker 1: them the rest of their days, and like that's really

279
00:14:13,040 --> 00:14:17,880
Speaker 1: not the point. Like there's a lot of former terrorists

280
00:14:17,920 --> 00:14:21,000
Speaker 1: like kidnapping victims and fucking Stockholm or whatever. You know,

281
00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:25,920
Speaker 1: Um will speak fondly of them. It's yeah. Yeah. He

282
00:14:25,920 --> 00:14:29,800
Speaker 1: wrote a book about Kolulu years later called Mike Kalulu Prince,

283
00:14:29,920 --> 00:14:32,800
Speaker 1: King and Slave, which he called a romance for boys.

284
00:14:33,400 --> 00:14:39,040
Speaker 1: So that's that's not great either, Um, Henry deal with

285
00:14:39,160 --> 00:14:43,400
Speaker 1: her sexuality? Man? Yeah? Yeah, And he renamed him from

286
00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:48,760
Speaker 1: Kalulu's real name was Gudu Mahali, which means my brother's wealth.

287
00:14:49,080 --> 00:14:52,640
Speaker 1: Uh yeah, and yeah, he renamed him Kolulu, which means

288
00:14:52,640 --> 00:14:55,080
Speaker 1: a young male antelope, and then made him carry his gun.

289
00:14:55,200 --> 00:15:03,040
Speaker 1: That was Kalulu's big gig um, So that's cool, uh doog,

290
00:15:03,440 --> 00:15:08,360
Speaker 1: that's yeah, Mahali. He changed his name and turned him

291
00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:12,840
Speaker 1: into a gun rack, which is not racist. And you

292
00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:16,560
Speaker 1: know what else is not racists or in Abraham Lincoln

293
00:15:17,480 --> 00:15:21,160
Speaker 1: he was profoundly racist, but he gets a partial pass

294
00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:27,840
Speaker 1: for destroying the Confederacy. I would say partial, Yeah, Okay,

295
00:15:28,120 --> 00:15:35,200
Speaker 1: what's not what's not racist? A haircut? A haircut? I mean, actually,

296
00:15:35,240 --> 00:15:38,240
Speaker 1: there's a lot of politics around haircuts that could go

297
00:15:38,280 --> 00:15:43,920
Speaker 1: badly as well as as well. Oranges not racist, incapable

298
00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:48,320
Speaker 1: of racism by dint of being a fruit. So this

299
00:15:48,360 --> 00:16:00,960
Speaker 1: podcast is supported by Orange is the Fruit that Hates Racism.

300
00:16:01,040 --> 00:16:06,560
Speaker 1: We're back. Oh my gosh, So boy howdy. So Stanley

301
00:16:06,680 --> 00:16:10,000
Speaker 1: uh sets off on this exhibition to find Dr Livingston,

302
00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:13,320
Speaker 1: and at the time, Dr Livingston is okay, is probably strong.

303
00:16:13,360 --> 00:16:16,200
Speaker 1: He was broken, abandoned in Central Africa and was regularly

304
00:16:16,320 --> 00:16:18,440
Speaker 1: terribly ill. But he was also like just kind of

305
00:16:18,440 --> 00:16:20,240
Speaker 1: hanging out in a house in a village as the

306
00:16:20,320 --> 00:16:23,640
Speaker 1: local white guy. And he wasn't in more danger than

307
00:16:23,720 --> 00:16:26,600
Speaker 1: like any given white dude. Wasn't a place where they

308
00:16:26,600 --> 00:16:29,520
Speaker 1: had no natural immunity to all these different horrible diseases

309
00:16:29,560 --> 00:16:32,000
Speaker 1: that were flopping around in the flies and stuff. You know.

310
00:16:32,400 --> 00:16:34,760
Speaker 1: So this isn't like a Heart of Darkness situation where

311
00:16:34,760 --> 00:16:36,720
Speaker 1: he's gone down there and become a god in some

312
00:16:37,040 --> 00:16:40,320
Speaker 1: remote you know. He just kind of lives there and

313
00:16:40,360 --> 00:16:42,400
Speaker 1: they're like, Yeah, that's that's the white guy. We got

314
00:16:43,480 --> 00:16:46,120
Speaker 1: we got one. We got one. All the other villages,

315
00:16:46,200 --> 00:16:49,840
Speaker 1: we got one. Yeah. Startying in eighteen sixties, seven Livingstone's

316
00:16:49,840 --> 00:16:51,960
Speaker 1: own followers had stolen so much for him that he'd

317
00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:55,400
Speaker 1: been forced to travel with Arab Swahili slave caravans for safety.

318
00:16:55,640 --> 00:16:58,520
Speaker 1: While like hating these people in the Arab slave trade.

319
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,480
Speaker 1: Um and while he ascribes all this, our buddy Tim

320
00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:04,560
Speaker 1: Jeal hat thinks that you the reader need to know

321
00:17:04,640 --> 00:17:07,439
Speaker 1: that even this kind of slavery wasn't super bad for

322
00:17:07,520 --> 00:17:10,639
Speaker 1: black people. Um And I'm gonna give you more a

323
00:17:10,680 --> 00:17:13,800
Speaker 1: Tim right now, who is broadly becoming the real bastard

324
00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:18,199
Speaker 1: of the story. Livingston could endure his humiliating dependence on

325
00:17:18,240 --> 00:17:21,480
Speaker 1: many considered evildoers largely because he made a distinction between

326
00:17:21,520 --> 00:17:24,240
Speaker 1: Arab slavery as an institution, the treatment and possession of

327
00:17:24,240 --> 00:17:27,159
Speaker 1: domestic slaves, and the cruel process by which Africans were

328
00:17:27,200 --> 00:17:29,480
Speaker 1: torn from their homes. The slaves journey by land and

329
00:17:29,520 --> 00:17:32,239
Speaker 1: sea was appallingly cruel, but on arrival in Arabia they

330
00:17:32,240 --> 00:17:40,920
Speaker 1: were usually treated better than many British factory workers. Oh okay,

331
00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:46,760
Speaker 1: thank you, Tim Jeal didn't need that defensive slavery not

332
00:17:46,880 --> 00:17:51,040
Speaker 1: necessary to tell the story. Actually, Tim is quickly working

333
00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:54,120
Speaker 1: his way up to having his own episode. Yeah, this

334
00:17:54,240 --> 00:17:58,440
Speaker 1: is basically the Tim Gel episode. Stanley has the defense

335
00:17:58,520 --> 00:18:00,919
Speaker 1: of growing up in a time when almost everyone was

336
00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:05,120
Speaker 1: some kind of monster. Um so Stanley. As Stanley got

337
00:18:05,119 --> 00:18:07,560
Speaker 1: deeper into Africa, problems began to surface. Some of his

338
00:18:07,640 --> 00:18:11,160
Speaker 1: men expressed displeasure under his leadership, and Stanley generally responded

339
00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:13,320
Speaker 1: to this by flogging them. When they were a hundred

340
00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:16,800
Speaker 1: and twenty five miles inland, Stanley flogged his cook for incorrigible,

341
00:18:16,840 --> 00:18:20,600
Speaker 1: dishonesty and waste, which I think was just like wasting food. Um.

342
00:18:20,680 --> 00:18:22,600
Speaker 1: He fired the cook and told him to leave. But

343
00:18:22,640 --> 00:18:25,000
Speaker 1: when the cook left, Stanley called him a deserter and

344
00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:27,960
Speaker 1: sent soldiers out to bring him back. Jeal says this

345
00:18:28,040 --> 00:18:31,840
Speaker 1: shows his steely determination. Throughout this adventure, Stanley would send

346
00:18:31,840 --> 00:18:34,520
Speaker 1: his soldiers out after disorders and order men beaten and

347
00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:37,960
Speaker 1: chained for not wanting to work. This is again different

348
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:41,560
Speaker 1: from slavery, because, of course, Henry Morton Stanley was an abolitionist.

349
00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:46,959
Speaker 1: Um so that's good. Um so yeah. Livingstone had two

350
00:18:46,960 --> 00:18:49,439
Speaker 1: white guys with him on this journey. When one of

351
00:18:49,480 --> 00:18:51,680
Speaker 1: the two of them got sick, he abandoned him to

352
00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:54,239
Speaker 1: die in a village and continued on. Stanley had very

353
00:18:54,280 --> 00:18:56,800
Speaker 1: little sympathy for people whose illness rendered them unable to

354
00:18:56,800 --> 00:18:59,520
Speaker 1: work for days, even though he was himself frequently and

355
00:18:59,600 --> 00:19:04,359
Speaker 1: horrifically ill on these journeys. Uh Tim Jeal unbiased biographer

356
00:19:04,400 --> 00:19:06,200
Speaker 1: wants you to know that while he tromped through other

357
00:19:06,200 --> 00:19:09,119
Speaker 1: people's land, Stanley was a pretty good guest of the

358
00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:15,280
Speaker 1: Africans great quote. Though impatient with white colleagues, he showed

359
00:19:15,280 --> 00:19:19,560
Speaker 1: commendable restraint with Africans. The Wagogo, whose territory lay midway

360
00:19:19,600 --> 00:19:23,080
Speaker 1: between the coast and Lake Tanganyika, were, in Stanley's words,

361
00:19:23,160 --> 00:19:26,200
Speaker 1: clannish and full of fight, and their young warriors repeatedly

362
00:19:26,280 --> 00:19:27,800
Speaker 1: rushed up to within a few feet of him and

363
00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:30,719
Speaker 1: shouted in his face before moving closer to inspect his clothes.

364
00:19:31,040 --> 00:19:34,199
Speaker 1: The Traveler and Rogogo Territory wrote Henry was tempted a

365
00:19:34,200 --> 00:19:35,960
Speaker 1: score of times each day to draw a bead with

366
00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:38,199
Speaker 1: his rifle, but such an outburst of anger would be

367
00:19:38,200 --> 00:19:41,680
Speaker 1: bitterly regretted afterwards. Stanley was ill with fever at the time,

368
00:19:41,720 --> 00:19:43,919
Speaker 1: and on two occasions lashed out with a whip. But

369
00:19:43,960 --> 00:19:46,520
Speaker 1: he paid these people generously for the right of passage

370
00:19:46,520 --> 00:19:49,479
Speaker 1: through their territory, the equivalent of a hundred seventy dollars

371
00:19:49,480 --> 00:19:52,840
Speaker 1: in gold, so he went with them sometimes for asking

372
00:19:52,880 --> 00:19:55,879
Speaker 1: what was up, but he paid them. Yeah, I also

373
00:19:55,960 --> 00:19:59,720
Speaker 1: like picturing this man in a pith helmet, like feverishly

374
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:04,359
Speaker 1: hallucinating and whipping people throughout the jungle, and Tim Jill

375
00:20:04,440 --> 00:20:09,720
Speaker 1: being like basically a good guest. What's the problem he was?

376
00:20:11,400 --> 00:20:13,840
Speaker 1: I would I would criticize him more for this, but

377
00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:16,000
Speaker 1: I have lost count of the number of people that

378
00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:18,800
Speaker 1: I have whipped in their own homes for unclear reasons

379
00:20:18,800 --> 00:20:21,680
Speaker 1: while feverish, So I'm not going to give Stanley too

380
00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:25,119
Speaker 1: much pain. It happens. You know, we've all whipped a

381
00:20:25,119 --> 00:20:27,440
Speaker 1: few people we wish we hadn't whipped when we had

382
00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:32,359
Speaker 1: a fever and wound up in their house. Somehow, you don't, Yeah,

383
00:20:32,359 --> 00:20:35,720
Speaker 1: you don't throw stones if you live in whip houses exactly.

384
00:20:36,200 --> 00:20:38,320
Speaker 1: And every house is a whip house. When you bring

385
00:20:38,359 --> 00:20:44,760
Speaker 1: a whip into every house, you winter always. So Stanley

386
00:20:44,840 --> 00:20:47,960
Speaker 1: did succeed eventually in his goal of tracking David Livingston down.

387
00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:50,400
Speaker 1: He found him in the village of Jig in November

388
00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:52,879
Speaker 1: of eighteen seventy one. The moment the two met is

389
00:20:52,920 --> 00:20:55,280
Speaker 1: one of the most famous stories in all of journalism.

390
00:20:55,320 --> 00:20:58,560
Speaker 1: Stanley and Livingston, the two only white men around for miles,

391
00:20:58,840 --> 00:21:01,840
Speaker 1: surrounded by black and air observants and soldiers walk up

392
00:21:01,840 --> 00:21:06,000
Speaker 1: to one another, and Stanley dryly asks Dr Livingston, I presume.

393
00:21:06,480 --> 00:21:08,360
Speaker 1: And the joke here is that Livingston is the only

394
00:21:08,359 --> 00:21:11,359
Speaker 1: other white guy for like the fucking length of multiple states.

395
00:21:11,400 --> 00:21:15,840
Speaker 1: Of course it's Dr Livingston. Um. And for his part,

396
00:21:16,160 --> 00:21:19,080
Speaker 1: Jels thinks this was a lie. Um, like that this

397
00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:22,120
Speaker 1: recitation events was a lie, and that Stanley's real introduction

398
00:21:22,160 --> 00:21:25,159
Speaker 1: was like, Hi, Dr Livingston, my name is Stanley. You know,

399
00:21:25,240 --> 00:21:29,720
Speaker 1: it was a normal thing that a person would say. Uh, Dr,

400
00:21:29,760 --> 00:21:32,000
Speaker 1: let me say, my name is John. No, I'm sorry,

401
00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:35,240
Speaker 1: yeah shit, I meant that to be so much better

402
00:21:36,880 --> 00:21:40,359
Speaker 1: his actual notes. Uh. Stanley's actual notes about their moment

403
00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:44,640
Speaker 1: of meeting were again destroyed, so uh and Livingston died

404
00:21:44,680 --> 00:21:46,760
Speaker 1: a year later before ever returning to Europe, so there

405
00:21:46,800 --> 00:21:49,879
Speaker 1: was never anyone to question Stanley's recitation of events, or

406
00:21:49,920 --> 00:21:51,960
Speaker 1: never anyone white and no other white person at the

407
00:21:51,960 --> 00:21:53,879
Speaker 1: time was going to ask, like a black dude, what

408
00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:58,360
Speaker 1: had really happened? Uh? So yep, so we don't never

409
00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:00,400
Speaker 1: know the Dr Livingston and I presume is just something

410
00:22:00,440 --> 00:22:02,760
Speaker 1: he might probably made up after he made up because

411
00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:06,919
Speaker 1: it sounded better, Um dick. Yeah, and it's really funny

412
00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:10,840
Speaker 1: because Jel is more concerned, like the honest documentarian in

413
00:22:10,920 --> 00:22:13,359
Speaker 1: him means he needs to let people know that Stanley's

414
00:22:13,400 --> 00:22:15,879
Speaker 1: most famous line was a lie. But he he is.

415
00:22:16,160 --> 00:22:18,840
Speaker 1: He loves Henry Morton Stanley so much that he spends

416
00:22:18,880 --> 00:22:21,040
Speaker 1: more time defending him about this than he does for

417
00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:25,600
Speaker 1: owning a human being. Yes, it's awesome get twisted into

418
00:22:25,600 --> 00:22:30,720
Speaker 1: these weird priorities. I can't get my image of this

419
00:22:30,760 --> 00:22:33,520
Speaker 1: guy together in my head, um, but he writes. I

420
00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:36,439
Speaker 1: hope this will not affect Stanley's public fame. It seems

421
00:22:36,480 --> 00:22:38,679
Speaker 1: to me that his invention of an adoptive father and

422
00:22:39,520 --> 00:22:43,000
Speaker 1: his setting himself the task of finding Dr Livingstone were

423
00:22:43,040 --> 00:22:45,960
Speaker 1: remarkable enough in their own right to mearrit remembrance. To

424
00:22:46,040 --> 00:22:48,400
Speaker 1: go on from there to invent a greeting so memorable

425
00:22:48,400 --> 00:22:50,600
Speaker 1: that it would be recognized by millions over a century

426
00:22:50,600 --> 00:22:52,719
Speaker 1: and a quarter later places him in a class all

427
00:22:52,800 --> 00:22:59,280
Speaker 1: his own. Yes, it does, a very specific class. Yeah,

428
00:22:59,480 --> 00:23:06,640
Speaker 1: not a good one. Now. Livingston and Stanley spent four

429
00:23:06,680 --> 00:23:08,840
Speaker 1: months together, which were probably the happiest four months of

430
00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:11,280
Speaker 1: Stanley's life, and it does seem that the two men

431
00:23:11,320 --> 00:23:13,879
Speaker 1: grew very close in Livingston, who was sixty, acted as

432
00:23:13,880 --> 00:23:17,160
Speaker 1: a sort of father figure to Stanley. They explored together

433
00:23:17,160 --> 00:23:18,720
Speaker 1: for a little while, but then Stanley had to go.

434
00:23:18,760 --> 00:23:20,840
Speaker 1: He had a story to file, and Livingston wasn't ready

435
00:23:20,880 --> 00:23:23,840
Speaker 1: to go back to to England or whatever. Now the

436
00:23:23,880 --> 00:23:25,840
Speaker 1: story was a massive hit. It was the biggest news

437
00:23:25,880 --> 00:23:28,359
Speaker 1: item in the world, and one fell swoop. Stanley became

438
00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:31,040
Speaker 1: among the most famous people on the planet. He wrote

439
00:23:31,040 --> 00:23:33,760
Speaker 1: a book to go with his articles, How I Found Livingstone,

440
00:23:33,920 --> 00:23:36,840
Speaker 1: And in doing this he's sort of invented an entire genre.

441
00:23:37,359 --> 00:23:40,040
Speaker 1: One historian notes that he's the progenitor of all the

442
00:23:40,080 --> 00:23:43,679
Speaker 1: subsequent professional travel writers. Like Stanley kind of innvinced the

443
00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:46,000
Speaker 1: discipline of travel writing, as he's not like the very

444
00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:48,600
Speaker 1: first person to do it, but he like he nails

445
00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:50,320
Speaker 1: it for the first time in a way that's like

446
00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:55,560
Speaker 1: really echoes throughout history. Um Adam hoss Child writes his articles, books,

447
00:23:55,600 --> 00:23:57,920
Speaker 1: and speaking tours bought him greater riches than any other

448
00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:01,080
Speaker 1: travel writer of his time and probably the century as well.

449
00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:04,560
Speaker 1: In eighteen seventy four, the Herald paid for him to

450
00:24:04,600 --> 00:24:07,879
Speaker 1: go on another adventure. This time, Stanley traced the course

451
00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:09,760
Speaker 1: of a river named the Lua Laba, and in the

452
00:24:09,800 --> 00:24:13,200
Speaker 1: process he discovered the origin of the Congo River. Uh.

453
00:24:13,240 --> 00:24:15,960
Speaker 1: He started this journey with two and twenty eight people,

454
00:24:16,240 --> 00:24:18,879
Speaker 1: and over the course of seven thousand miles, more than

455
00:24:18,960 --> 00:24:21,520
Speaker 1: half of them died as the corpses piled up people

456
00:24:21,560 --> 00:24:24,720
Speaker 1: attempted to dessert. Stanley responded to this by capturing and

457
00:24:24,800 --> 00:24:28,320
Speaker 1: chaining those people up. Gel notes that Stanley preferred chaining

458
00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:34,760
Speaker 1: people up because it was nicer than beating them. Our

459
00:24:34,880 --> 00:24:42,960
Speaker 1: hero uh so cool. Stanley also continued his marked preference

460
00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:46,600
Speaker 1: of having adoring white, uh younger men accompany him on

461
00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:51,639
Speaker 1: his journey. And yeah, exactly, but unfortunately all three of

462
00:24:51,680 --> 00:24:55,960
Speaker 1: them die, and they die. They die just horribly, like

463
00:24:56,040 --> 00:25:00,320
Speaker 1: the worst the worst deaths you can imagine. That's bay Sically,

464
00:25:00,359 --> 00:25:02,879
Speaker 1: all the white guys Stanley ever goes on trips with

465
00:25:03,040 --> 00:25:06,399
Speaker 1: die the worst death's human beings can die. They're all

466
00:25:06,440 --> 00:25:09,320
Speaker 1: Red Shirts. And then Stanley gets to lie about them,

467
00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:14,040
Speaker 1: which they're all pieces of ship too, like I'm not

468
00:25:14,040 --> 00:25:17,000
Speaker 1: gonna you know whatever. So Stanley gets back from his

469
00:25:17,080 --> 00:25:20,440
Speaker 1: journey in August of eighteen seventy seven and publishes his

470
00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:23,720
Speaker 1: book on it in eighteen seventy eight through the Dark Continent,

471
00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:26,800
Speaker 1: and Henry Morton Stanley is generally credited as being the

472
00:25:26,800 --> 00:25:29,159
Speaker 1: man who popularized that term, and he may even have

473
00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:32,080
Speaker 1: invented it. Um. So he's like, he's the guy who

474
00:25:32,119 --> 00:25:36,000
Speaker 1: makes Dark Continent a household name for Africa. Uh. And

475
00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:39,840
Speaker 1: that is there's huge consequences to that, like to the intent,

476
00:25:40,040 --> 00:25:42,360
Speaker 1: like he contributes to the death of tens of millions

477
00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:46,680
Speaker 1: as a result of this um. True to form, Stanley

478
00:25:46,680 --> 00:25:49,520
Speaker 1: exaggerated every single number he could in this book, claiming

479
00:25:49,640 --> 00:25:52,480
Speaker 1: his expedition had a hundred more members than it really did,

480
00:25:52,760 --> 00:25:55,600
Speaker 1: exaggerating the number of natives, has men killed in gunfights,

481
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:58,720
Speaker 1: and all every number is a lie. Basically in one

482
00:25:58,840 --> 00:26:01,720
Speaker 1: key story, this is like, this is lying in the

483
00:26:01,720 --> 00:26:05,639
Speaker 1: wrong direction to a t. Yeah, I was responsible for

484
00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:08,280
Speaker 1: more dead men that I got, so many more people killed.

485
00:26:10,800 --> 00:26:14,160
Speaker 1: In one key story, his own notes record six kills

486
00:26:14,240 --> 00:26:17,560
Speaker 1: during a firefight, but his book claims thirty five. Um.

487
00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:20,199
Speaker 1: And again this is a firefight because he like barged

488
00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:22,439
Speaker 1: into some people's land and started stealing ship and they

489
00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:24,520
Speaker 1: got angry, So it's like I had no choice but

490
00:26:24,560 --> 00:26:30,720
Speaker 1: to shoot them. And also true to form, tim Geo

491
00:26:30,920 --> 00:26:33,760
Speaker 1: uses the fact that Stanley lied about how many people

492
00:26:33,760 --> 00:26:35,560
Speaker 1: he killed as a basis for a lot of his

493
00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:38,840
Speaker 1: argument that Stanley was has been unfairly treated by history

494
00:26:38,840 --> 00:26:41,600
Speaker 1: and was a good dude. He frames this as Stanley

495
00:26:41,680 --> 00:26:44,919
Speaker 1: just being very insecure because of his childhood in the workhouse.

496
00:26:45,960 --> 00:26:54,080
Speaker 1: What a kindred spirit, Sley. That's so good. If if

497
00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:57,520
Speaker 1: Jeal had been alive during this time, he absolutely would

498
00:26:57,520 --> 00:27:00,080
Speaker 1: have gotten hired to follow Stanley on a journey and

499
00:27:00,119 --> 00:27:03,280
Speaker 1: he would have died the most unimaginably painful death there.

500
00:27:03,280 --> 00:27:07,840
Speaker 1: He would have been eaten by fire ants and Jell

501
00:27:07,920 --> 00:27:10,160
Speaker 1: would have like lied and said that he started one

502
00:27:10,160 --> 00:27:12,760
Speaker 1: of the many gunfights he had with natives. Yeah, he

503
00:27:12,760 --> 00:27:17,760
Speaker 1: would have that the natives natural attraction to Jeal it

504
00:27:17,880 --> 00:27:21,240
Speaker 1: was to kill all of them. Yeah. Again, this is

505
00:27:21,280 --> 00:27:23,919
Speaker 1: a guy whose stores, whose careers and adventurers start, starts

506
00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:26,760
Speaker 1: with getting a young boy who adores him raped with

507
00:27:26,840 --> 00:27:33,720
Speaker 1: knives and then stealing that kid's money. He's such a

508
00:27:33,760 --> 00:27:39,359
Speaker 1: piece of ship. So uh yeah, now his acknowledgment of

509
00:27:39,359 --> 00:27:43,080
Speaker 1: of yes, it's it's great. So Stanley and his men

510
00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:45,720
Speaker 1: try to buy passage and pay for food when possible

511
00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:48,840
Speaker 1: on their journeys. But they also were very perfectly happy

512
00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:51,880
Speaker 1: to kill people and wage war when local people didn't

513
00:27:51,880 --> 00:27:54,639
Speaker 1: want to sell them those things. Gel writes quote his

514
00:27:54,680 --> 00:27:57,240
Speaker 1: obsession had been whether to take food by force or

515
00:27:57,320 --> 00:27:59,359
Speaker 1: risk marching on in the hope of obtaining food at

516
00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:01,840
Speaker 1: the next village. On many occasions he was obliged by

517
00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:04,160
Speaker 1: destitution to throw himself on the mercy of the Arabs

518
00:28:04,200 --> 00:28:06,919
Speaker 1: Wahii slave traders and asked them to feed him and

519
00:28:06,960 --> 00:28:09,440
Speaker 1: his followers. During my first visit to Belgium, I read

520
00:28:09,440 --> 00:28:11,880
Speaker 1: a very significant passage in one of Stanley's diaries which

521
00:28:11,920 --> 00:28:13,919
Speaker 1: I have never seen quoted in any book, And this

522
00:28:14,040 --> 00:28:16,639
Speaker 1: entry Stanley showed that he had recognized the fundamental moral

523
00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:20,120
Speaker 1: problem facing all European travelers. We went into the heart

524
00:28:20,160 --> 00:28:23,680
Speaker 1: of Africa self invited, he wrote, therein lies our fault,

525
00:28:23,800 --> 00:28:26,199
Speaker 1: but it was not so grave that our lives, when threatened,

526
00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:31,440
Speaker 1: should be forfeited. So Stanley, Stanley knows it's fucked up

527
00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:34,359
Speaker 1: to just barge into someone's home and then take their

528
00:28:34,359 --> 00:28:36,920
Speaker 1: ship at gunpoint and kill them when they say. He knows,

529
00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:40,600
Speaker 1: I'm invading people's homes and murdering them for food, and

530
00:28:40,680 --> 00:28:44,120
Speaker 1: that's not good but he also argues that because I'm starving,

531
00:28:44,160 --> 00:28:46,240
Speaker 1: it's okay for me to do this. Right, What other

532
00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:48,680
Speaker 1: choice do I have? What other You cannot be an

533
00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:53,880
Speaker 1: Africa dude, No, not be reasonable, grow up? What other

534
00:28:53,960 --> 00:28:56,640
Speaker 1: choice do I have? You can just not do this.

535
00:28:58,640 --> 00:29:01,400
Speaker 1: Millions of people around the world managed to not do

536
00:29:01,480 --> 00:29:07,680
Speaker 1: this during the same period that could have been you, Buddy,

537
00:29:07,840 --> 00:29:12,840
Speaker 1: Moon stands Henry Morton Stanley. Yeah. Now, this reasoning is

538
00:29:12,880 --> 00:29:15,600
Speaker 1: due being enough on its own, but Stanley's contribution to

539
00:29:15,640 --> 00:29:17,640
Speaker 1: death and destruction in Africa went far beyond a few

540
00:29:17,720 --> 00:29:20,120
Speaker 1: hundred bullets fired, or even beyond the three of his

541
00:29:20,160 --> 00:29:22,840
Speaker 1: own men that he hanged. I'm gonna quote now from

542
00:29:22,840 --> 00:29:25,400
Speaker 1: a write up titled Henry Morton Stanley and his critics

543
00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:30,880
Speaker 1: from the Oxford University Press people, He, of course sorry,

544
00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:33,360
Speaker 1: And you're not gonna go on journeys through the heart

545
00:29:33,440 --> 00:29:35,920
Speaker 1: of Africa and not hanging some of the people that

546
00:29:35,960 --> 00:29:40,400
Speaker 1: you can't chain or whip into submission. Yeah that's fair, Yeah,

547
00:29:40,440 --> 00:29:43,880
Speaker 1: of course. Quote. On his death in nineteen o four,

548
00:29:43,920 --> 00:29:46,200
Speaker 1: Sydney Lowe claimed that the Map of Africa is a

549
00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:49,600
Speaker 1: monument to Stanley. Such an epitaph draws our attention not

550
00:29:49,640 --> 00:29:53,080
Speaker 1: only to Stanley's contributions to geographical science arising from various

551
00:29:53,120 --> 00:29:56,200
Speaker 1: African expeditions between eighteen seventy one and eighteen ninety, but

552
00:29:56,280 --> 00:29:59,040
Speaker 1: also to his role as an agent of European colonial influence.

553
00:29:59,240 --> 00:30:01,960
Speaker 1: For Stanley was a tireless advocate of commercial and political

554
00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:05,280
Speaker 1: intervention in Africa. Indeed, to describe him as the Napoleon

555
00:30:05,320 --> 00:30:08,520
Speaker 1: of African travelers seems particularly appropriate in view of both

556
00:30:08,520 --> 00:30:10,400
Speaker 1: the scale of his ambitions and the links he was

557
00:30:10,440 --> 00:30:12,680
Speaker 1: prepared to go in order to realize them. His career

558
00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:14,840
Speaker 1: as an explorer Bridges would have sometimes referred to as

559
00:30:14,880 --> 00:30:18,240
Speaker 1: the Golden Age of African exploration eighteen fifty one eighteen

560
00:30:18,280 --> 00:30:20,840
Speaker 1: seventy eight and the era of the Scramble for Africa

561
00:30:20,920 --> 00:30:23,840
Speaker 1: eighteen eighty four to ninety one. The eighteen seventies were

562
00:30:23,840 --> 00:30:26,040
Speaker 1: indeed a critical turning point in the history of European

563
00:30:26,040 --> 00:30:29,000
Speaker 1: involvement in Africa. Then Stanley himself played a significant role

564
00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:31,400
Speaker 1: in the transition to new forms of imperialism in the

565
00:30:31,400 --> 00:30:35,280
Speaker 1: closing decades of the nineteenth century see and this is critical.

566
00:30:35,840 --> 00:30:39,080
Speaker 1: There was colonialism in Africa before Stanley, but what we

567
00:30:39,320 --> 00:30:42,120
Speaker 1: think of as colonialism in Africa was invented in a

568
00:30:42,120 --> 00:30:45,320
Speaker 1: lot of ways by Henry Morton Stanley. Most of Africa

569
00:30:45,400 --> 00:30:48,640
Speaker 1: wasn't quote unquote owned by European powers when he gets

570
00:30:48,680 --> 00:30:52,280
Speaker 1: there and his work helps inspire the political changes that

571
00:30:52,360 --> 00:30:54,880
Speaker 1: leads to that changing, he sparks was known as the

572
00:30:54,920 --> 00:30:57,479
Speaker 1: Scramble for Africa, and he's some of this was deliberate.

573
00:30:57,480 --> 00:30:59,280
Speaker 1: It was part of a plot by King Leopold to

574
00:30:59,280 --> 00:31:01,200
Speaker 1: get control of the Congo. We'll talk a little bit

575
00:31:01,240 --> 00:31:04,240
Speaker 1: more about that later. Um I'm talking about Stanley's specific

576
00:31:04,240 --> 00:31:07,200
Speaker 1: contribution though, to like the evolution of colonialism, because he's

577
00:31:07,200 --> 00:31:10,960
Speaker 1: critical in the whole worldwide thing. So he believed, like

578
00:31:11,040 --> 00:31:13,920
Speaker 1: Livingston did, that slavery was the ultimate evil and had

579
00:31:13,960 --> 00:31:16,760
Speaker 1: to be fought by sending Europeans in to facilitate trade.

580
00:31:17,160 --> 00:31:19,880
Speaker 1: Sometimes that process meant chaining or whipping or beating or

581
00:31:19,920 --> 00:31:24,600
Speaker 1: executing Africans who didn't play along with this trade. If so, yeah,

582
00:31:24,640 --> 00:31:27,280
Speaker 1: we're owning slaves. If so, this was all the regrettable

583
00:31:27,320 --> 00:31:33,480
Speaker 1: necessity of freeing people. Now I love that he always

584
00:31:34,200 --> 00:31:37,600
Speaker 1: my hands are tied, and it's crazy how this never changes.

585
00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:40,080
Speaker 1: And you have literal reports from the US military in

586
00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:42,280
Speaker 1: Vietnam that are like we had to burn down the

587
00:31:42,360 --> 00:31:45,920
Speaker 1: village to save it. Like this, this is always the

588
00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:49,680
Speaker 1: logic of this sort of thing, but Stanley helps develop

589
00:31:49,760 --> 00:31:55,440
Speaker 1: this language of of justifying the most violent kind of imperialism.

590
00:31:55,480 --> 00:31:58,040
Speaker 1: So at one point, while sailing through Lake tangan Yika,

591
00:31:58,160 --> 00:32:01,720
Speaker 1: Stanley writes, quote, the beach was routed with infuriates and mockers.

592
00:32:01,760 --> 00:32:03,520
Speaker 1: These are like local Africans who are just kind of

593
00:32:03,560 --> 00:32:05,440
Speaker 1: like hooting and hollering and yelling at him because they

594
00:32:05,480 --> 00:32:08,240
Speaker 1: don't want him in their area. We perceived we were

595
00:32:08,240 --> 00:32:10,200
Speaker 1: followed by several canoes and some of which we saw

596
00:32:10,240 --> 00:32:12,720
Speaker 1: spears shaking at us. I opened on them with the

597
00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:15,960
Speaker 1: Winchester repeating rifle. Six shots and four deaths were sufficient

598
00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:18,760
Speaker 1: to quiet the mocking. So they made fun of me.

599
00:32:18,800 --> 00:32:24,600
Speaker 1: So I killed for man, there wasnt yeah. I walked

600
00:32:24,680 --> 00:32:28,680
Speaker 1: into their home. They laughed at me, and so I

601
00:32:28,800 --> 00:32:32,200
Speaker 1: murdered four of them, and then they stuff laughing. Are

602
00:32:32,240 --> 00:32:34,360
Speaker 1: you trying to tell me I'm not a hero for that?

603
00:32:36,680 --> 00:32:38,760
Speaker 1: Don't try to tell Tim Geal that he will get

604
00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:42,680
Speaker 1: fucking angry. So Stanley was not the first of the

605
00:32:42,720 --> 00:32:44,680
Speaker 1: only white man to stumble into Africa with a pile

606
00:32:44,720 --> 00:32:46,920
Speaker 1: of guns and the desire to own things. But he

607
00:32:46,960 --> 00:32:48,760
Speaker 1: was one of the most influential, and his writings in

608
00:32:48,760 --> 00:32:51,160
Speaker 1: this period helped to inspire countless millions of white folks

609
00:32:51,160 --> 00:32:53,880
Speaker 1: around the world to embrace the conquest of Africa. Quote

610
00:32:55,080 --> 00:32:58,360
Speaker 1: his writings represented Central Africa as a primeval place, untouched

611
00:32:58,360 --> 00:33:00,640
Speaker 1: by history, yet full of possibility. They were far from

612
00:33:00,720 --> 00:33:03,000
Speaker 1: unique in this respect, of course. In the period between

613
00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:06,000
Speaker 1: the publication of Stanley's Through the Dark Continent eighteen seventy

614
00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:08,640
Speaker 1: eight and Conrad's Heart of Darkness nineteen o three, the

615
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:11,120
Speaker 1: vision of darkest Africa appears to have gained an ever

616
00:33:11,200 --> 00:33:14,040
Speaker 1: more powerful hold in the minds of Europeans. As Patrick

617
00:33:14,120 --> 00:33:18,600
Speaker 1: Brantlinger observes, Africa grew dark as Victorian explorers, missionaries, and

618
00:33:18,640 --> 00:33:22,200
Speaker 1: scientists flooded it with light a solid turn of phrase.

619
00:33:22,680 --> 00:33:24,880
Speaker 1: The peculiar power of this myth of the dark Continent

620
00:33:24,920 --> 00:33:27,800
Speaker 1: lay in its fusion of a complex of images of race, science,

621
00:33:27,840 --> 00:33:31,120
Speaker 1: and religion. The iconography of light and darkness thus represented

622
00:33:31,160 --> 00:33:35,680
Speaker 1: European penetration of Africa simultaneously a process of domination, enlightenment,

623
00:33:35,720 --> 00:33:38,960
Speaker 1: and emancipation. Although Stanley did not create this myth, his

624
00:33:39,040 --> 00:33:43,680
Speaker 1: writings popularized existing stereotypes, combining the symbolism of darkest Africa

625
00:33:43,720 --> 00:33:46,720
Speaker 1: with an unshakable faith and the potential for European mastery

626
00:33:46,760 --> 00:33:49,480
Speaker 1: over the entire continent. His mission, as it was described

627
00:33:49,480 --> 00:33:53,040
Speaker 1: in eighteen eighty four, was to strike a white line

628
00:33:53,080 --> 00:34:01,400
Speaker 1: across the dark continent. Ah yikes, Boe hatty Man. Now

629
00:34:02,680 --> 00:34:06,480
Speaker 1: Tim Geal greatest biographer of all time. Let's get that

630
00:34:06,520 --> 00:34:09,960
Speaker 1: out of the way right away. Tim Gel tries to

631
00:34:10,000 --> 00:34:12,720
Speaker 1: patch over the kind of fundamental racism of what Stanley

632
00:34:12,760 --> 00:34:15,800
Speaker 1: is doing by just sort of sharing individual stories about

633
00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:19,839
Speaker 1: times when he wasn't shitty to individual African people. Uh. Yeah,

634
00:34:19,840 --> 00:34:23,520
Speaker 1: when you're not the time and he's your person. Yeah.

635
00:34:23,600 --> 00:34:25,799
Speaker 1: He He includes a lot of lines that's like, you know,

636
00:34:25,840 --> 00:34:28,440
Speaker 1: Stanley would like meet a specific tribe and describe them

637
00:34:28,440 --> 00:34:31,799
Speaker 1: all as attractive and intelligent and kind. And Deeal is like,

638
00:34:31,920 --> 00:34:35,200
Speaker 1: what a racist? Right this? Did you know that Hitler

639
00:34:35,239 --> 00:34:39,600
Speaker 1: had a dog? Yeah? And in doing this, Gel ignores

640
00:34:39,680 --> 00:34:43,200
Speaker 1: lines from Stanley's journal like this, the black has given

641
00:34:43,200 --> 00:34:47,359
Speaker 1: immense amount of trouble. They are too ungrateful for my fancy. Now.

642
00:34:47,480 --> 00:34:50,400
Speaker 1: Gel highlights that Stanley wrote of being prepared to admit

643
00:34:50,440 --> 00:34:53,400
Speaker 1: any black man possessing the attributes of true manhood or

644
00:34:53,400 --> 00:34:56,480
Speaker 1: any good qualities to a brotherhood with myself. But number

645
00:34:56,480 --> 00:34:59,320
Speaker 1: one ignores how racist this line is, but also ignores

646
00:34:59,320 --> 00:35:02,800
Speaker 1: other lines lie the savage only respects force, power, boldness,

647
00:35:02,800 --> 00:35:06,879
Speaker 1: and decision, And perhaps most racist of all, this line

648
00:35:06,880 --> 00:35:11,280
Speaker 1: about Afro Arab people from non racist Henry Morton Stanley

649
00:35:11,360 --> 00:35:13,920
Speaker 1: quote for the half cast, I have great contempt. They

650
00:35:13,920 --> 00:35:16,279
Speaker 1: are neither black nor white, neither good nor bad, neither

651
00:35:16,320 --> 00:35:18,440
Speaker 1: to be admired nor hated. They are all things at

652
00:35:18,480 --> 00:35:21,000
Speaker 1: all times. If I saw a miserable, half starved negro,

653
00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:22,880
Speaker 1: I was always sure to be told he belonged to

654
00:35:22,880 --> 00:35:26,360
Speaker 1: a half cast. Cringing and hypocritical, cowardly and debased, treacherous

655
00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:29,319
Speaker 1: and means the syphilitic, blear eyed, palid skined abortion of

656
00:35:29,320 --> 00:35:35,080
Speaker 1: an Africanized Arab. So shit, Henry, Yeah, yeah, let us

657
00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:38,520
Speaker 1: Tim gel is I I'm gonna look up one of

658
00:35:38,520 --> 00:35:40,759
Speaker 1: the times he doesn't use the word racism often in

659
00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:43,200
Speaker 1: his book, Like he defends him from racism, but he

660
00:35:43,239 --> 00:35:46,000
Speaker 1: really there's seven matches in the entire book, and I

661
00:35:46,000 --> 00:35:49,279
Speaker 1: want to read one quote from uh oh, sorry this

662
00:35:49,360 --> 00:35:53,399
Speaker 1: is We're not even at a we're not even at

663
00:35:53,600 --> 00:35:56,600
Speaker 1: okay before I get into something Geo wrote. This is

664
00:35:56,640 --> 00:35:59,279
Speaker 1: one of the book quotes about Jeal's book by Jane

665
00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:02,000
Speaker 1: Ridley of Spectator magazine when she put it on their

666
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:03,919
Speaker 1: Books of the Year list. In Spectators like a right

667
00:36:03,920 --> 00:36:08,000
Speaker 1: wing news website, Why is fair and deeply researched, Jeal's

668
00:36:08,000 --> 00:36:10,400
Speaker 1: book sets the record straight on the great Victorian explorer,

669
00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:17,760
Speaker 1: exonerating him from allegations of racism, brutality, and suppressed homosexuality. Really,

670
00:36:17,760 --> 00:36:20,120
Speaker 1: not only is like racism and murder are the same

671
00:36:20,200 --> 00:36:25,920
Speaker 1: as being gay, but also he wasn't any of those things. Meanwhile,

672
00:36:26,040 --> 00:36:31,800
Speaker 1: Tim Geo repeatedly talks about whim whipping people. That's wonderful.

673
00:36:32,200 --> 00:36:35,400
Speaker 1: He had to. He had to because they weren't. They didn't,

674
00:36:35,480 --> 00:36:39,000
Speaker 1: they weren't right, they weren't working hard enough. Anyway, Here's

675
00:36:39,040 --> 00:36:41,880
Speaker 1: the line from Tim Geal, I wanted to read you today.

676
00:36:41,920 --> 00:36:45,120
Speaker 1: A vivid and uniquely adventurous life like Stanley's, challenges our

677
00:36:45,160 --> 00:36:47,760
Speaker 1: ability to be just an objective both about his story

678
00:36:47,800 --> 00:36:51,240
Speaker 1: and about the vices and virtues of his contemporaries worldviews worldview.

679
00:36:51,480 --> 00:36:54,480
Speaker 1: His absence of racism was all the more remarkable for

680
00:36:54,560 --> 00:37:01,960
Speaker 1: him having lived in the Deep South, perfect his absence

681
00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:10,040
Speaker 1: of racism. It's complete absence. Nothing about the Confederacy washed

682
00:37:10,080 --> 00:37:12,360
Speaker 1: off at all on this man who fought for the

683
00:37:12,400 --> 00:37:16,080
Speaker 1: Confederacy and then it helped enslave Africa. Not a single thing.

684
00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:20,640
Speaker 1: He didn't know what he was fighting for. Everyone, It's

685
00:37:20,680 --> 00:37:24,719
Speaker 1: fine now. Likewise, when Jill is forced to deal with

686
00:37:24,760 --> 00:37:27,120
Speaker 1: Stanley's dark side, he tends to make very quick, vague

687
00:37:27,120 --> 00:37:30,759
Speaker 1: references to unfortunate floggings and beatings. He generally neglects to

688
00:37:30,800 --> 00:37:32,960
Speaker 1: site for us what Stanley wrote in his own notebook

689
00:37:32,960 --> 00:37:36,040
Speaker 1: when he was flogging people, and thus excludes lines like

690
00:37:36,360 --> 00:37:38,880
Speaker 1: when mud and wet sapped the physical energy of the

691
00:37:38,960 --> 00:37:42,279
Speaker 1: lazily inclined, a dog whip became their backs, restoring them

692
00:37:42,280 --> 00:37:47,480
Speaker 1: to sound, sometimes to an extravagant activity. Yeah. Well you

693
00:37:48,040 --> 00:37:50,799
Speaker 1: when they start to to wane, you gotta whip them

694
00:37:50,800 --> 00:37:52,720
Speaker 1: back into shape. You gotta whip him back into shape.

695
00:37:52,719 --> 00:37:55,839
Speaker 1: There's not racist. A whip only black people is fine.

696
00:37:56,640 --> 00:37:59,960
Speaker 1: A lot of not racist people whip only one specific

697
00:38:00,040 --> 00:38:02,920
Speaker 1: type of people. They are lucky to be whipped. When

698
00:38:02,960 --> 00:38:05,719
Speaker 1: all of his white counterparts were eaten by fire ants

699
00:38:05,719 --> 00:38:08,759
Speaker 1: and died in quicksand I mean, hey, the least we

700
00:38:08,880 --> 00:38:11,759
Speaker 1: can say for Hitler is he mostly whipped I think

701
00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:17,040
Speaker 1: actually only whipped white people. So Hitler's whip was woker

702
00:38:17,080 --> 00:38:25,080
Speaker 1: than Stanley's, if you needed to to to categorize those two.

703
00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:29,840
Speaker 1: So Stanley considered Africa to be an unpeopled country and

704
00:38:29,920 --> 00:38:32,239
Speaker 1: his dream was very clearly to see it colonized with

705
00:38:32,239 --> 00:38:34,960
Speaker 1: white folks, just like North America. He didn't want all

706
00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:37,480
Speaker 1: the black people killed, but he kind of assumed that

707
00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:40,360
Speaker 1: a lot of them would die out and be marginalized

708
00:38:40,480 --> 00:38:45,360
Speaker 1: during you know, the spread of white people all over Africa. Uh,

709
00:38:45,600 --> 00:38:49,000
Speaker 1: he wrote, quote, there are plenty of pilgrim fathers among

710
00:38:49,040 --> 00:38:51,640
Speaker 1: the Anglo Saxon race. Yet, and when America is filled

711
00:38:51,680 --> 00:38:53,880
Speaker 1: up with their descendants, who shall say that Africa should

712
00:38:53,880 --> 00:38:57,400
Speaker 1: not be their next resting place? And true to his convictions,

713
00:38:57,440 --> 00:39:00,160
Speaker 1: Henry Morton, Stanley's next great career move would do he

714
00:39:00,200 --> 00:39:02,200
Speaker 1: thought was the best thing he could do to open

715
00:39:02,239 --> 00:39:05,520
Speaker 1: Africa to further white exploitation. He took a gig with

716
00:39:05,600 --> 00:39:08,279
Speaker 1: King Leopold the Second of Belgium. Now we're not going

717
00:39:08,360 --> 00:39:10,080
Speaker 1: to get into crazy to tale about this, because we

718
00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:12,280
Speaker 1: do in our two part or on Leopold. The short

719
00:39:12,280 --> 00:39:14,560
Speaker 1: of it is that the King of Belgium sneakily convinced

720
00:39:14,560 --> 00:39:17,279
Speaker 1: Europe that his country owned Central Africa, and then he

721
00:39:17,400 --> 00:39:19,399
Speaker 1: killed half the people there by working them to death

722
00:39:19,440 --> 00:39:22,759
Speaker 1: to produce rubber. Stanley was a key part of that,

723
00:39:22,880 --> 00:39:24,200
Speaker 1: and it's easy to see why I work with the

724
00:39:24,280 --> 00:39:26,600
Speaker 1: King of Belgium on this project would have appealed to him.

725
00:39:26,600 --> 00:39:30,120
Speaker 1: Outside of financial incentives, Stanley's life outside of exploring was

726
00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:32,080
Speaker 1: a little bit of a disaster. He'd been engaged to

727
00:39:32,080 --> 00:39:34,359
Speaker 1: a woman named Katie gal Roberts before he set off

728
00:39:34,360 --> 00:39:36,719
Speaker 1: for the Congo, but she left him for an architect

729
00:39:36,760 --> 00:39:38,560
Speaker 1: while he was there, and he like discovered that she

730
00:39:38,600 --> 00:39:40,560
Speaker 1: had gotten married to someone else when he got back.

731
00:39:40,760 --> 00:39:42,680
Speaker 1: This isn't like the first time something like this happens

732
00:39:42,680 --> 00:39:46,120
Speaker 1: to him either. Um, Like, he's just got this thing

733
00:39:46,160 --> 00:39:49,680
Speaker 1: of falling in love with girls, promising himself to them,

734
00:39:49,719 --> 00:39:53,920
Speaker 1: and then going to Africa for multiple years and then

735
00:39:53,920 --> 00:39:57,400
Speaker 1: he comes back and he's like, that woman wasn't loyal. Yeah,

736
00:39:57,760 --> 00:40:00,799
Speaker 1: I will probably die where I go. That I will

737
00:40:00,840 --> 00:40:02,920
Speaker 1: be on the verge of death the entire time. Everyone

738
00:40:02,960 --> 00:40:07,400
Speaker 1: around me will die. But wait for me, don't fuck,

739
00:40:10,480 --> 00:40:16,520
Speaker 1: I hope you want stale fucking so uh yeah. So

740
00:40:16,640 --> 00:40:19,360
Speaker 1: his likewise, his fame and his wealth had not translated

741
00:40:19,360 --> 00:40:22,160
Speaker 1: to very much respect by the actual English high society.

742
00:40:22,600 --> 00:40:25,440
Speaker 1: Um like the actual fancy explorers clubs didn't like him

743
00:40:25,520 --> 00:40:29,120
Speaker 1: very much, and the issue was his unspeakable brutality. In

744
00:40:29,160 --> 00:40:32,239
Speaker 1: eighteen seventy six, explorer Richard Burton wrote a letter to

745
00:40:32,280 --> 00:40:35,840
Speaker 1: the console of Zanzibar complaining that Stanley quote shoots Negroes

746
00:40:35,880 --> 00:40:38,480
Speaker 1: as if they were monkeys, and Richard Burton is a

747
00:40:38,480 --> 00:40:41,560
Speaker 1: guy who killed a funkload of innocent black people, like

748
00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:46,520
Speaker 1: and he's like this dude, is this guy like fuck, man,

749
00:40:48,640 --> 00:40:52,400
Speaker 1: you gotta It's like it's like having my namesake producer

750
00:40:52,520 --> 00:40:57,759
Speaker 1: Robert Evans sit you down to talk about your coke problem. Yeah,

751
00:41:00,960 --> 00:41:05,080
Speaker 1: the guy who's already famously terrible. Listen, this is too much.

752
00:41:05,560 --> 00:41:12,040
Speaker 1: You cannot kill them like their animals. Yeah. Yeah. So

753
00:41:12,200 --> 00:41:15,160
Speaker 1: this became a big topic of controversy within English society,

754
00:41:15,239 --> 00:41:17,920
Speaker 1: and the specific clash that Burton was piste about was

755
00:41:17,960 --> 00:41:21,160
Speaker 1: a firefight with a tribe called the Bambira who stole

756
00:41:21,440 --> 00:41:24,360
Speaker 1: or who Henry Morton Stanley claims stole from him? In

757
00:41:24,400 --> 00:41:27,240
Speaker 1: his periodic dispatches from the Congo, Stanley had bragged about

758
00:41:27,239 --> 00:41:30,319
Speaker 1: the quote fourteen dead and wounded with ball and buckshot, which,

759
00:41:30,320 --> 00:41:32,520
Speaker 1: although I should consider to be a very dear payment

760
00:41:32,560 --> 00:41:34,880
Speaker 1: for the robbery of eight ash oars and a drum,

761
00:41:35,200 --> 00:41:38,080
Speaker 1: was barely equivalent in fair estimation to the intended massacre

762
00:41:38,120 --> 00:41:40,600
Speaker 1: of ourselves. So this was what he writes in one

763
00:41:40,640 --> 00:41:42,919
Speaker 1: of his public documents. We killed fourteen of them because

764
00:41:42,960 --> 00:41:48,120
Speaker 1: they stole some oars. Yeah, and like it wasn't a

765
00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:51,319
Speaker 1: totally fair exchange because those were nice ores. But you know,

766
00:41:51,480 --> 00:41:54,000
Speaker 1: more or less, and we killed them. And yes, that

767
00:41:54,160 --> 00:41:57,399
Speaker 1: is it's a steep price to pay. But isn't their

768
00:41:57,440 --> 00:42:03,240
Speaker 1: death worth less than my death? Yeah? So for Stanley,

769
00:42:03,320 --> 00:42:05,120
Speaker 1: killing all these people wasn't enough. He took his two

770
00:42:05,520 --> 00:42:08,360
Speaker 1: eighty man force, armed with muskets and spears, waving American

771
00:42:08,440 --> 00:42:11,680
Speaker 1: in British flags, and then slaughtered forty two Bambira that

772
00:42:11,719 --> 00:42:14,680
Speaker 1: he tricked into believing he wanted to talk. The Saturday

773
00:42:14,680 --> 00:42:17,560
Speaker 1: Review wrote this in London quote, he has no concern

774
00:42:17,600 --> 00:42:19,840
Speaker 1: with justice, no right to administer it. He comes with

775
00:42:19,880 --> 00:42:23,480
Speaker 1: no sanction, no authority, no jurisdiction, nothing but explosive bullets

776
00:42:23,480 --> 00:42:26,520
Speaker 1: and a copy of the Daily Telegraph who's writing for

777
00:42:26,600 --> 00:42:29,560
Speaker 1: at the time. So it is important to note that like,

778
00:42:29,600 --> 00:42:32,160
Speaker 1: while all of the worst parts of colonialism are going on,

779
00:42:32,320 --> 00:42:33,840
Speaker 1: kind of like while all the worst crimes of our

780
00:42:33,880 --> 00:42:35,960
Speaker 1: own error are going on, there's a lot of people

781
00:42:35,960 --> 00:42:38,319
Speaker 1: in England who are like, it seems really fucked up

782
00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:42,000
Speaker 1: what we're doing. Hey, guys, this is bad, this is bad,

783
00:42:42,320 --> 00:42:44,680
Speaker 1: and just as now, they don't stop any of it

784
00:42:44,719 --> 00:42:48,160
Speaker 1: from happening, but they are there and they're pissed. So

785
00:42:48,400 --> 00:42:56,480
Speaker 1: well that's comfort, yeah, I guess ish. Yeah. So there

786
00:42:56,560 --> 00:42:59,440
Speaker 1: was a lot of outrage over Stanley's behavior, but he

787
00:42:59,520 --> 00:43:01,920
Speaker 1: has we're all familiar with today. Public outrage never stopped

788
00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:04,960
Speaker 1: anyone from staying rich and famous. So, if you'll recall,

789
00:43:05,080 --> 00:43:07,600
Speaker 1: King Leopold's grand scheme was to give him self access

790
00:43:07,640 --> 00:43:10,280
Speaker 1: to the Congo by conning the international community into believing

791
00:43:10,320 --> 00:43:11,759
Speaker 1: that he was going to open it up to free

792
00:43:11,760 --> 00:43:15,160
Speaker 1: trade for everybody and the what what happened on paper

793
00:43:15,239 --> 00:43:18,919
Speaker 1: is that all these tribes in Central Africa signed contracts

794
00:43:19,160 --> 00:43:21,520
Speaker 1: giving up their sovereignty to a new state called the

795
00:43:21,560 --> 00:43:24,440
Speaker 1: Congo Free State, which was in theory a nation of

796
00:43:24,480 --> 00:43:27,520
Speaker 1: theirs and Belgium was going to help them by providing

797
00:43:27,560 --> 00:43:30,440
Speaker 1: the core of their military and like helping them organize

798
00:43:30,480 --> 00:43:34,800
Speaker 1: and become a real nation to join the Community of Nations. Uh,

799
00:43:35,040 --> 00:43:36,879
Speaker 1: none of this was really true. None of the people

800
00:43:36,880 --> 00:43:39,319
Speaker 1: who signed these contracts really knew what they were doing,

801
00:43:39,400 --> 00:43:41,680
Speaker 1: and it was all just to provide Leopold with a

802
00:43:41,760 --> 00:43:44,839
Speaker 1: legal justification for other Europeans so that he could rule

803
00:43:44,880 --> 00:43:47,879
Speaker 1: the Congo. And Stanley is the guy who got him

804
00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:51,040
Speaker 1: these justifications. He was hired by Leopold for five years

805
00:43:51,040 --> 00:43:53,840
Speaker 1: to act is basically a secret agent, traveling to Africa

806
00:43:53,920 --> 00:43:56,360
Speaker 1: under an assumed name and making a series of treaty

807
00:43:56,360 --> 00:43:59,680
Speaker 1: deals with different tribal chiefs. Now, depending on who you read,

808
00:44:00,040 --> 00:44:02,320
Speaker 1: Stanley signed somewhere between three hundred and four hundred and

809
00:44:02,360 --> 00:44:04,399
Speaker 1: fifty of these treaties, and the gist of them all

810
00:44:04,440 --> 00:44:06,480
Speaker 1: was that these tribes would hand over their sovereignty and

811
00:44:06,520 --> 00:44:08,800
Speaker 1: ownership of their land and exchange for scraps of cloth

812
00:44:08,800 --> 00:44:12,960
Speaker 1: and vaguely defined trade benefits. And Gel disagrees with academic

813
00:44:12,960 --> 00:44:17,680
Speaker 1: consensus here. Most historians, Yeah, most historians will argue that

814
00:44:17,719 --> 00:44:21,000
Speaker 1: Stanley basically knew what he was doing with Leopold Gield

815
00:44:21,080 --> 00:44:23,680
Speaker 1: claims that with some evidence that Stanley didn't intend to

816
00:44:23,680 --> 00:44:26,440
Speaker 1: get these tribes to sign away their sovereignty totally or forever,

817
00:44:26,560 --> 00:44:28,560
Speaker 1: and that Leopold tricked him and destroyed some of the

818
00:44:28,600 --> 00:44:31,759
Speaker 1: original treaties and replaced them. That's totally possible, because King

819
00:44:31,840 --> 00:44:33,440
Speaker 1: Leopold was a piece of ship and would have had

820
00:44:33,440 --> 00:44:35,560
Speaker 1: no issue with lying to Stanley because he was a

821
00:44:35,560 --> 00:44:39,400
Speaker 1: way smarter liar than Henry Morton Stanley. But also Lee

822
00:44:39,600 --> 00:44:42,520
Speaker 1: Stanley knew, if not every detail of what he was doing.

823
00:44:42,680 --> 00:44:46,240
Speaker 1: He knew the broad strokes, you know, that's really what matters.

824
00:44:46,560 --> 00:44:48,960
Speaker 1: And he contributed massively to the deaths of ten to

825
00:44:49,040 --> 00:44:53,359
Speaker 1: thirteen million people in the Congo Free State um and

826
00:44:53,400 --> 00:44:55,600
Speaker 1: of course the establishment of the Free State. The fact

827
00:44:55,640 --> 00:44:58,239
Speaker 1: that Belgium had suddenly wound up with basically all of

828
00:44:58,239 --> 00:45:00,799
Speaker 1: Central Africa helped to spark came to be known as

829
00:45:00,800 --> 00:45:03,240
Speaker 1: the Scramble for Africa when all of Europe's powers startled

830
00:45:03,239 --> 00:45:04,879
Speaker 1: by the fact that you know that, when they all

831
00:45:04,960 --> 00:45:08,360
Speaker 1: started filling Africa up with colonies and and conquering it

832
00:45:08,440 --> 00:45:11,720
Speaker 1: and killing people and laying the groundwork for the Rwanda

833
00:45:11,719 --> 00:45:14,719
Speaker 1: genocide and all sorts of novel awful stuff. Now, the

834
00:45:14,840 --> 00:45:18,040
Speaker 1: justification used for all of this was the need to

835
00:45:18,120 --> 00:45:22,520
Speaker 1: destroy the Arab slave trade and replace it with legitimate commerce,

836
00:45:22,560 --> 00:45:26,200
Speaker 1: with free trade. Right, that's the justification for all of this.

837
00:45:26,360 --> 00:45:31,280
Speaker 1: It's the same as Stanley's personal justification. We've gotta stop slavery,

838
00:45:31,520 --> 00:45:33,440
Speaker 1: and the only way to do that is for us

839
00:45:33,480 --> 00:45:37,799
Speaker 1: to own these people. Now, under such justifications, Africa wasn't

840
00:45:37,840 --> 00:45:40,800
Speaker 1: changed by Europe. By eighteen ninety, the situation and justification

841
00:45:40,840 --> 00:45:44,320
Speaker 1: for domination had gotten so absurd that Scottish explorer Joseph

842
00:45:44,320 --> 00:45:48,600
Speaker 1: Thompson dismissed the term legitimate commerce as quote magic words

843
00:45:48,640 --> 00:45:51,200
Speaker 1: which give such an attractive glamour to whatever can creep

844
00:45:51,280 --> 00:45:53,960
Speaker 1: under their shelter, words which have too often blinded a

845
00:45:54,000 --> 00:46:00,759
Speaker 1: gullible public to the most shameful and criminal transaction. Yeah words, Yep,

846
00:46:01,480 --> 00:46:04,600
Speaker 1: not wrong, Joseph Thompson. You know what else it is

847
00:46:04,640 --> 00:46:10,520
Speaker 1: not wrong, Robert. The products and services that support this podcast, Yes,

848
00:46:10,960 --> 00:46:15,600
Speaker 1: none of them have sparked the scramble for Africa. Well,

849
00:46:16,560 --> 00:46:30,280
Speaker 1: well we're back. Good ads. I particularly like the ad

850
00:46:30,560 --> 00:46:35,240
Speaker 1: for conquering Africa and murdering millions of people. There really

851
00:46:35,920 --> 00:46:38,319
Speaker 1: a good way to end slavery. They made it, They

852
00:46:38,360 --> 00:46:41,000
Speaker 1: made the case it was. I was hesitant at first,

853
00:46:41,040 --> 00:46:43,360
Speaker 1: I'll be honest, and then hearing their position on it

854
00:46:43,360 --> 00:46:46,520
Speaker 1: in the thirty second spot, I realized I was wrong. Yeah,

855
00:46:46,680 --> 00:46:50,040
Speaker 1: I was the wrong. Weird that they got Bill Murray

856
00:46:50,080 --> 00:46:53,920
Speaker 1: to voice it. Yeah, yeah, good pitchman. But I wouldn't

857
00:46:53,920 --> 00:46:56,439
Speaker 1: have called it. I mean now, certainly a different second

858
00:46:56,480 --> 00:47:00,520
Speaker 1: act than I anticipated from him. Yeah yeah, yeah now

859
00:47:00,640 --> 00:47:03,319
Speaker 1: uh In eight seven Stanley Department and what will become

860
00:47:03,320 --> 00:47:06,520
Speaker 1: his final trip from Africa, the Immin Pasha Relief Expedition.

861
00:47:07,080 --> 00:47:10,080
Speaker 1: Pasha was an Eastern European blowhard and a pseudo grifter

862
00:47:10,120 --> 00:47:12,600
Speaker 1: who ennobled himself to the English people by resisting the

863
00:47:12,640 --> 00:47:17,040
Speaker 1: followers of the Mahdi in southern Sudan. And this is

864
00:47:17,160 --> 00:47:19,319
Speaker 1: most similar in modern things because we really don't have

865
00:47:19,320 --> 00:47:21,360
Speaker 1: time to get into this very complicated story. It was

866
00:47:21,440 --> 00:47:23,400
Speaker 1: kind of like this air is equivalent of isis this

867
00:47:23,440 --> 00:47:26,520
Speaker 1: guy rises up, he like beats a European army and

868
00:47:26,520 --> 00:47:30,000
Speaker 1: it's this like real shocking uh move, and like he's

869
00:47:30,040 --> 00:47:32,440
Speaker 1: he's raises up his own Islamic kingdom. It's this like

870
00:47:32,520 --> 00:47:35,759
Speaker 1: it's a big deal. At the time, they would they

871
00:47:35,760 --> 00:47:38,000
Speaker 1: treated him like isis Like, I'm not gonna say that

872
00:47:38,000 --> 00:47:41,279
Speaker 1: he was he was actually because Isis sucked ass. I

873
00:47:41,280 --> 00:47:42,799
Speaker 1: don't know if the Mahdi did or not. I don't

874
00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:45,480
Speaker 1: know enough, but that's the way they talk about him, right.

875
00:47:46,080 --> 00:47:49,040
Speaker 1: Um So, Pasha wound up surrounded and cut off by

876
00:47:49,080 --> 00:47:51,560
Speaker 1: the forces of the Mahdi, and Stanley was dispatched to

877
00:47:51,560 --> 00:47:54,080
Speaker 1: relieve him, and the whole operation was a ship show. Again,

878
00:47:54,120 --> 00:47:56,359
Speaker 1: all of Stanley's white colleagues died, so he was able

879
00:47:56,400 --> 00:47:59,719
Speaker 1: to blame sundry failures and massacres committed by his execution

880
00:48:00,040 --> 00:48:03,560
Speaker 1: on dead men, which is very handy for Stanley. Uh

881
00:48:03,600 --> 00:48:08,919
Speaker 1: because this expedition massacres so many fucking people. Um Now,

882
00:48:09,160 --> 00:48:11,040
Speaker 1: they didn't make it hard for him to look bad.

883
00:48:11,280 --> 00:48:14,960
Speaker 1: One of his white companions who didn't survive was James Jamieson,

884
00:48:15,080 --> 00:48:17,759
Speaker 1: the heir to the Jamison Whiskey family. He died on

885
00:48:17,840 --> 00:48:20,839
Speaker 1: Stanley's second trip, but not before buying a young girl

886
00:48:20,880 --> 00:48:23,239
Speaker 1: from a slave trader and paying cannibals to let him

887
00:48:23,239 --> 00:48:28,440
Speaker 1: watch them eat her. Um Now, Jamison was known as

888
00:48:28,480 --> 00:48:31,359
Speaker 1: Cannibal Whiskey by many for years later. And this might

889
00:48:31,400 --> 00:48:33,120
Speaker 1: not be true. A lot of people will say it's

890
00:48:33,120 --> 00:48:34,440
Speaker 1: not a lot of people who have no interest in

891
00:48:34,480 --> 00:48:38,920
Speaker 1: defending Jamison's because there's just a lot of fucking stories. Right, Um,

892
00:48:39,040 --> 00:48:41,520
Speaker 1: I don't know the truth. This is a story people

893
00:48:41,600 --> 00:48:45,480
Speaker 1: tell about this, this expedition. Um. The trip was a

894
00:48:45,520 --> 00:48:47,680
Speaker 1: massive ship show and a lot of people died, and

895
00:48:47,719 --> 00:48:49,839
Speaker 1: at the end of it, Immin Pasha didn't really wind

896
00:48:49,880 --> 00:48:52,960
Speaker 1: up wanting or needing rescue, so Stanley took him along

897
00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:56,840
Speaker 1: to Zanzibar Anyway, where Pasha attempted to commit suicide. Um.

898
00:48:56,880 --> 00:49:00,640
Speaker 1: After all this, it seems Henry Morton Stanley had finally

899
00:49:00,680 --> 00:49:03,720
Speaker 1: had enough of adventuring. He retired to England and lost

900
00:49:03,760 --> 00:49:07,239
Speaker 1: his taste for that. Yeah he did here. Yeah, he

901
00:49:07,280 --> 00:49:10,320
Speaker 1: retired in England. He married a Welsh artist named Dorothy Tennant,

902
00:49:10,360 --> 00:49:13,080
Speaker 1: and kind of to his credit, he adopts a Welsh

903
00:49:13,280 --> 00:49:15,680
Speaker 1: a band a bastard child like he He finds like

904
00:49:15,719 --> 00:49:18,279
Speaker 1: a poor abandoned kid who's like he was, and he

905
00:49:18,360 --> 00:49:21,479
Speaker 1: adopts him and loves him. So that's that's good, because

906
00:49:21,560 --> 00:49:23,879
Speaker 1: he's in need of a boy. Yeah, he needed a boy.

907
00:49:23,920 --> 00:49:28,440
Speaker 1: He got himself another boy. He's always got a boy,

908
00:49:28,600 --> 00:49:33,520
Speaker 1: and this one finally didn't die immediately, so that's good.

909
00:49:33,640 --> 00:49:40,319
Speaker 1: That's wonderful for Henry. A happy ending for Henry. In

910
00:49:40,360 --> 00:49:42,839
Speaker 1: eighteen ninety nine, Stanley became a Knight of the Order

911
00:49:42,880 --> 00:49:45,799
Speaker 1: of Bath. He settled into a dignified retirement, with both

912
00:49:46,040 --> 00:49:48,480
Speaker 1: US and in in Britain proudly claiming him as their son.

913
00:49:48,640 --> 00:49:51,440
Speaker 1: He became a Liberal Member of Parliament in eighteen and

914
00:49:51,440 --> 00:49:54,400
Speaker 1: he died in nineteen o four. The stigma that remained

915
00:49:54,440 --> 00:49:56,360
Speaker 1: around all of his murders stopped him from winning a

916
00:49:56,360 --> 00:49:59,880
Speaker 1: Westminster Abbey burial, but he did receive a nice memorial.

917
00:50:00,239 --> 00:50:04,480
Speaker 1: The epitaph reads Bulamatari, the Breaker of Stones. This was

918
00:50:04,520 --> 00:50:06,880
Speaker 1: a nickname he'd been given by Africans who were like,

919
00:50:07,280 --> 00:50:10,520
Speaker 1: this guy is such a brutal piece of shit, Like

920
00:50:10,480 --> 00:50:12,920
Speaker 1: that's the kind of guy he is, Like he's fucking

921
00:50:13,160 --> 00:50:17,239
Speaker 1: hard enough to break stones, right whatever, Um, yeah, But

922
00:50:17,280 --> 00:50:19,719
Speaker 1: Stanley actually really liked this nickname, which is why you

923
00:50:19,719 --> 00:50:22,160
Speaker 1: should never fucking give a piece of shit a nickname

924
00:50:22,200 --> 00:50:28,320
Speaker 1: that sounds cool, Like call him fart master, you know something, something,

925
00:50:29,600 --> 00:50:33,480
Speaker 1: something he's not gonna put on his his grave. I'm

926
00:50:33,520 --> 00:50:36,840
Speaker 1: gonna quote from Oxford University Press again. He gloried in

927
00:50:36,880 --> 00:50:39,520
Speaker 1: the name Bulamatari, the Breaker of rocks portraying the story

928
00:50:39,560 --> 00:50:42,160
Speaker 1: of African exploration is a quest for mastery of the Earth.

929
00:50:42,480 --> 00:50:46,320
Speaker 1: Stanley's geography was ever a militant and manly science dedicated

930
00:50:46,360 --> 00:50:49,080
Speaker 1: to the subjugation of wild nature. It's books and maps

931
00:50:49,120 --> 00:50:52,200
Speaker 1: were weapons of conquest rather than objects of contemplation. The

932
00:50:52,239 --> 00:50:55,200
Speaker 1: study of geography, he proclaimed in eighteen eighty five, ought

933
00:50:55,239 --> 00:50:57,400
Speaker 1: to lead us to something higher than collecting maps and

934
00:50:57,400 --> 00:50:59,640
Speaker 1: books of travel and afterwards shelving them as of no

935
00:50:59,800 --> 00:51:03,600
Speaker 1: for their use. Why traveler, you're not going to conquer? Wow,

936
00:51:03,920 --> 00:51:07,120
Speaker 1: he's a bad tourist. So for most of the last

937
00:51:07,160 --> 00:51:09,960
Speaker 1: hundred years in change, a consensus is evolved that Stanley

938
00:51:10,040 --> 00:51:12,080
Speaker 1: was a real big piece of ship. And this has

939
00:51:12,120 --> 00:51:16,040
Speaker 1: been mostly universally, even among his biographers, until Tim Geal

940
00:51:16,160 --> 00:51:20,399
Speaker 1: came around and published Stanley Africa's Greatest Explorer, and him

941
00:51:21,239 --> 00:51:24,960
Speaker 1: saved him from the evils of history, because as we know,

942
00:51:25,160 --> 00:51:29,799
Speaker 1: history is written by the victims. Yeah, and I will

943
00:51:29,880 --> 00:51:32,160
Speaker 1: I will give I will give Geal this. This is

944
00:51:32,160 --> 00:51:36,200
Speaker 1: probably the most impressively researched justification for mass murder that

945
00:51:36,239 --> 00:51:39,200
Speaker 1: I've ever read. I've never read anyone's put his much

946
00:51:39,200 --> 00:51:42,000
Speaker 1: work into defending a guy who killed an enslaved people

947
00:51:42,040 --> 00:51:45,040
Speaker 1: for his own benefit, Like he really, he fucking puts

948
00:51:45,040 --> 00:51:49,440
Speaker 1: in the legwork to defend this monster. It's almost sort

949
00:51:49,440 --> 00:51:52,480
Speaker 1: of inspiring. I kind of wish, I kind of hope

950
00:51:52,520 --> 00:51:55,120
Speaker 1: that when if there's ever a biography written about me,

951
00:51:55,360 --> 00:51:58,880
Speaker 1: someone like Gel writes it and they can they can frame. Yeah,

952
00:51:59,080 --> 00:52:02,880
Speaker 1: they again frame moment. It's like Robert had no choice

953
00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:05,600
Speaker 1: but to vomit on the sushi of that Ukrainian couple

954
00:52:05,640 --> 00:52:07,960
Speaker 1: out for a nice night at the restaurant. What were

955
00:52:08,000 --> 00:52:11,680
Speaker 1: his other options to vanish? To vomit on the people

956
00:52:11,760 --> 00:52:14,600
Speaker 1: next to them? The puke was going somewhere, and he

957
00:52:14,719 --> 00:52:16,920
Speaker 1: made the only call he good at the time, the

958
00:52:16,960 --> 00:52:23,640
Speaker 1: most heroic choice. I would say, Yeah, Jesus, you really

959
00:52:23,680 --> 00:52:27,640
Speaker 1: do Everybody should have a deal in their life. Yeah,

960
00:52:27,880 --> 00:52:29,879
Speaker 1: I I want to have. I I kind of want

961
00:52:29,880 --> 00:52:33,160
Speaker 1: to hear Jeil do Hitler. I know, I know he

962
00:52:33,239 --> 00:52:34,960
Speaker 1: wants to. Deep down, I kind of what to hear?

963
00:52:34,960 --> 00:52:40,000
Speaker 1: Is Hitler man his Andrew Jackson? I want to Oh, yeah,

964
00:52:41,560 --> 00:52:43,560
Speaker 1: he's he. I don't think he would actually do Hitler,

965
00:52:43,600 --> 00:52:48,279
Speaker 1: but he would totally do Jackson. Yeah, now, Jell, we've

966
00:52:48,280 --> 00:52:51,200
Speaker 1: given I think a well deserved drubbing in this episode.

967
00:52:51,280 --> 00:52:53,520
Speaker 1: What he did didn't happen in a vacuum. And I

968
00:52:53,520 --> 00:52:55,319
Speaker 1: think I need to close this out by quoting from

969
00:52:55,320 --> 00:52:58,239
Speaker 1: a very important book called The Imperial History Wars debating

970
00:52:58,239 --> 00:53:01,880
Speaker 1: the British Empire, and it explains the context that this

971
00:53:01,960 --> 00:53:05,680
Speaker 1: biography we've been talking shit about came out in quote.

972
00:53:05,760 --> 00:53:08,200
Speaker 1: By two thousand twelve, a new documentary series about Britain's

973
00:53:08,200 --> 00:53:10,640
Speaker 1: imperial past was being aired on British TV. This one

974
00:53:10,680 --> 00:53:14,120
Speaker 1: a BBC production with Newsnight interviewer Jeremy Packsman, who guided

975
00:53:14,160 --> 00:53:17,399
Speaker 1: his viewers through amazing stories of adventure. It's nothing short

976
00:53:17,400 --> 00:53:20,040
Speaker 1: of a scandal. Packsman scolded that this history is not

977
00:53:20,120 --> 00:53:23,000
Speaker 1: taught in schools. The purpose of the series, he explained,

978
00:53:23,120 --> 00:53:26,480
Speaker 1: was to refute the conventional view that the British Empire

979
00:53:26,640 --> 00:53:33,160
Speaker 1: was a thoroughly bad thing. The TV person the TV personality,

980
00:53:33,239 --> 00:53:34,880
Speaker 1: this is where people are going to be bummed. The

981
00:53:34,920 --> 00:53:38,200
Speaker 1: TV personality and naturalist Sir David Attenborough apparently did not

982
00:53:38,239 --> 00:53:40,759
Speaker 1: get the memo. He complained that Pacsman was far too

983
00:53:40,800 --> 00:53:46,000
Speaker 1: negative about the British Empire. Other figures who felt that yeah, yeah, yeah.

984
00:53:46,160 --> 00:53:48,279
Speaker 1: Other prominent figures who felt that the public needed to

985
00:53:48,280 --> 00:53:50,680
Speaker 1: be re educated about the virtues of the British Empire

986
00:53:50,840 --> 00:53:53,719
Speaker 1: and the achievements of its heroes. Were the popular historians

987
00:53:53,760 --> 00:53:57,200
Speaker 1: Andrew Roberts, Lawrence James, and Max Hastings. The biographer Tim

988
00:53:57,239 --> 00:53:59,480
Speaker 1: Gale wrote a book about Henry Morton Stanley that declared

989
00:53:59,480 --> 00:54:02,200
Speaker 1: her to be a his greatest explorer and dismisscharges that

990
00:54:02,239 --> 00:54:04,560
Speaker 1: he had massacred Africans during his expeditions and that he

991
00:54:04,600 --> 00:54:07,240
Speaker 1: bore any respect We all know. Jill yeah Uh Stanley

992
00:54:07,280 --> 00:54:09,720
Speaker 1: became one of the leading proponents of a controversial campaign

993
00:54:09,760 --> 00:54:12,640
Speaker 1: to erect a statue honoring Stanley at his place of birth,

994
00:54:12,840 --> 00:54:15,759
Speaker 1: the Welsh town of Dinbai. As Jill saw it, the

995
00:54:15,800 --> 00:54:19,560
Speaker 1: time had come to dispense with post imperial guilt. For

996
00:54:19,760 --> 00:54:21,680
Speaker 1: Jill and those who share his views, this call to

997
00:54:21,760 --> 00:54:23,640
Speaker 1: arms was fueled in part by resentment is what he

998
00:54:23,680 --> 00:54:27,000
Speaker 1: dismissed as the moral brownie points politicians and others sought

999
00:54:27,040 --> 00:54:31,040
Speaker 1: to a crew by well publicized apologies for crimes committed

1000
00:54:31,080 --> 00:54:34,200
Speaker 1: by earlier generations. He was no doubt alluding to Tony

1001
00:54:34,280 --> 00:54:37,120
Speaker 1: Blair's apologies for Britain's role in the African slave trade

1002
00:54:37,120 --> 00:54:39,680
Speaker 1: in the Irish potato famine, Gordon Brown's role in the

1003
00:54:39,719 --> 00:54:42,600
Speaker 1: export of child migrants to Australia and other colonies, and

1004
00:54:42,680 --> 00:54:46,359
Speaker 1: David Cameron's apology for the Bloody Sunday massacre and dairy

1005
00:54:46,600 --> 00:54:51,200
Speaker 1: they call it London dairy, but yeah it's During a

1006
00:54:51,320 --> 00:54:54,000
Speaker 1: visit to India, Cameron also conceded that the British boars

1007
00:54:54,080 --> 00:54:57,080
Speaker 1: some blame for the conflict over kashmure An expressed regret

1008
00:54:57,280 --> 00:55:00,319
Speaker 1: with the Washington Post called a near apology over the

1009
00:55:00,320 --> 00:55:05,640
Speaker 1: Amritsar massacre of nineteen nineteen. Uh So maybe has very

1010
00:55:05,640 --> 00:55:08,000
Speaker 1: little to do with Henry Morton Stanley. Then jail is

1011
00:55:08,080 --> 00:55:11,560
Speaker 1: just like trying to defend himself so badly and like, yeah,

1012
00:55:11,640 --> 00:55:13,600
Speaker 1: that's that's all these guys are doing that right at

1013
00:55:13,600 --> 00:55:16,600
Speaker 1: the end of the day. They're defending themselves as heirs

1014
00:55:16,600 --> 00:55:19,160
Speaker 1: to the British Empire, which is important to them. You know,

1015
00:55:19,920 --> 00:55:24,440
Speaker 1: when we come from a culture that was built and attained,

1016
00:55:24,680 --> 00:55:27,759
Speaker 1: you know what would would be called greatness, at least

1017
00:55:27,800 --> 00:55:30,160
Speaker 1: in sort of the a moral sense, just in the objective,

1018
00:55:30,200 --> 00:55:32,359
Speaker 1: Like the British Empire was great in the same way

1019
00:55:32,360 --> 00:55:35,600
Speaker 1: that like a fucking a boxer can be great, even

1020
00:55:35,600 --> 00:55:37,279
Speaker 1: if they're a piece of sh it. It's just a

1021
00:55:37,480 --> 00:55:41,520
Speaker 1: term of relative you know, power and influence. Uh, people

1022
00:55:41,520 --> 00:55:44,239
Speaker 1: who come from those cultures, which is most people at

1023
00:55:44,239 --> 00:55:46,399
Speaker 1: one point or another. If you dig back long enough,

1024
00:55:47,200 --> 00:55:50,000
Speaker 1: you have to decide what do you how do you

1025
00:55:50,680 --> 00:55:52,680
Speaker 1: how do you deal with that? You know? Do you

1026
00:55:52,880 --> 00:55:55,560
Speaker 1: do you come up with justifications for all your ancestors

1027
00:55:55,560 --> 00:55:58,960
Speaker 1: tod horrible things? Um? Or do you like? I think

1028
00:55:58,960 --> 00:56:01,879
Speaker 1: it's often wrongly written as like the options are either

1029
00:56:01,960 --> 00:56:05,080
Speaker 1: take pride in it or feel ashamed. And it's shitty

1030
00:56:05,120 --> 00:56:07,120
Speaker 1: to want people to feel ashamed for things they didn't do.

1031
00:56:07,640 --> 00:56:09,239
Speaker 1: And it's not that at all. I don't feel any

1032
00:56:09,239 --> 00:56:12,920
Speaker 1: shame personal shame for like slavery. It's just like, yeah, people,

1033
00:56:13,000 --> 00:56:15,160
Speaker 1: it's a horrible thing that people in the past did.

1034
00:56:15,600 --> 00:56:17,160
Speaker 1: I didn't do it, but I'm not going to pretend

1035
00:56:17,200 --> 00:56:20,880
Speaker 1: it wasn't a nightmarish evil that persists to this day

1036
00:56:20,920 --> 00:56:23,200
Speaker 1: and a lot of its harms on society and that

1037
00:56:23,360 --> 00:56:27,200
Speaker 1: still has not been made close to right. Uh. It's

1038
00:56:27,200 --> 00:56:31,279
Speaker 1: not a it's this this attitude that like you have

1039
00:56:31,320 --> 00:56:34,120
Speaker 1: two options, which is like, feel horrible as a human

1040
00:56:34,120 --> 00:56:38,200
Speaker 1: being for this or pretend it was fine and you

1041
00:56:38,320 --> 00:56:41,040
Speaker 1: don't you have the option. Yeah, you don't have to

1042
00:56:41,120 --> 00:56:42,560
Speaker 1: be one of those in one of those cancer you

1043
00:56:42,600 --> 00:56:45,880
Speaker 1: can and you're absolutely right, Like you you can acknowledge

1044
00:56:45,920 --> 00:56:48,400
Speaker 1: that this was something horrible, it existed in history and

1045
00:56:48,400 --> 00:56:50,719
Speaker 1: that you still benefit from today, and you think about

1046
00:56:50,760 --> 00:56:53,040
Speaker 1: ways in which you can try and write it within

1047
00:56:53,120 --> 00:56:55,640
Speaker 1: your own life. But you weren't the one who was

1048
00:56:55,640 --> 00:57:00,319
Speaker 1: actually killing people. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I'm sure there's Well

1049
00:57:00,320 --> 00:57:02,640
Speaker 1: I don't know, like my I I don't know enough

1050
00:57:02,680 --> 00:57:05,280
Speaker 1: of my genealogy to know if the Scramble for Africa

1051
00:57:05,360 --> 00:57:06,840
Speaker 1: had any of my relatives in it, But there's a

1052
00:57:06,880 --> 00:57:10,239
Speaker 1: decent chance and like, yeah, the Scramble for Africa, like

1053
00:57:10,280 --> 00:57:13,360
Speaker 1: all all of colonialism in Africa, was a history of

1054
00:57:13,480 --> 00:57:19,240
Speaker 1: unspeakable historic grade war crimes, um. And that's bullshit. And

1055
00:57:19,280 --> 00:57:22,120
Speaker 1: there's a lot that we should be doing to write it,

1056
00:57:22,160 --> 00:57:27,760
Speaker 1: including like reparations to just fucking to nations in Africa.

1057
00:57:27,760 --> 00:57:29,640
Speaker 1: There's a whole lot that needs to be done. And

1058
00:57:29,680 --> 00:57:32,280
Speaker 1: it's a very complicated discussion. And you don't have to

1059
00:57:32,520 --> 00:57:36,160
Speaker 1: like beat yourself up about it because you didn't do

1060
00:57:36,200 --> 00:57:37,800
Speaker 1: anything about it to not be like, but that was

1061
00:57:37,840 --> 00:57:42,720
Speaker 1: fucked up, and we should do something about that, right, like, yeah, yeah,

1062
00:57:43,120 --> 00:57:45,520
Speaker 1: we should we should do something here. Huh. I think

1063
00:57:45,560 --> 00:57:48,280
Speaker 1: what we should probably do is I mean there that

1064
00:57:48,640 --> 00:57:51,600
Speaker 1: we've done so much damage to the entire continent that

1065
00:57:51,640 --> 00:57:55,200
Speaker 1: we send Yeah, yeah, maybe if we're just to send

1066
00:57:55,200 --> 00:58:00,560
Speaker 1: a bunch of you know, civilized people like us, eight options,

1067
00:58:00,560 --> 00:58:03,160
Speaker 1: we withdraw basically what I would call a white line

1068
00:58:03,200 --> 00:58:06,960
Speaker 1: through the continent. Yeah, we can establish these little these

1069
00:58:06,960 --> 00:58:09,280
Speaker 1: little communities in there that can let us like travel

1070
00:58:09,360 --> 00:58:12,080
Speaker 1: through it, and we can facilitate order and a sar.

1071
00:58:12,200 --> 00:58:17,520
Speaker 1: And we did it. We invented colonialism again, Jesus, I

1072
00:58:17,560 --> 00:58:19,320
Speaker 1: see how easy it is to fall into that trap

1073
00:58:19,360 --> 00:58:23,040
Speaker 1: of inventing colonialism. Had really oh boy, you know, now

1074
00:58:23,080 --> 00:58:25,560
Speaker 1: that we've had this experience, I think I'm going to

1075
00:58:25,720 --> 00:58:28,800
Speaker 1: write an eighteen hundred page book about how King Leopold

1076
00:58:28,840 --> 00:58:31,800
Speaker 1: had no other option to do what he did. We

1077
00:58:31,880 --> 00:58:36,840
Speaker 1: need rubber, Everyone needs rubber. Have you seen glashes? They're amazing?

1078
00:58:37,280 --> 00:58:42,040
Speaker 1: What was he to do? His hands were tied I

1079
00:58:42,040 --> 00:58:46,000
Speaker 1: mean not literally like his slaves, but figuratively, I mean

1080
00:58:46,040 --> 00:58:50,520
Speaker 1: he actually did still have hands, which is much. Oh,

1081
00:58:50,560 --> 00:58:53,200
Speaker 1: it's a nightmare, oh sor and how does this compare

1082
00:58:53,240 --> 00:58:55,680
Speaker 1: to what you'd expected for the tale of Henry Morton Stanley.

1083
00:58:56,000 --> 00:58:58,360
Speaker 1: He did a lot more terrible things than I anticipated.

1084
00:58:58,760 --> 00:59:00,960
Speaker 1: She sure did. He was as he man, but I

1085
00:59:01,000 --> 00:59:05,480
Speaker 1: do I'm very charmed by his lying. It's incredible. I'm

1086
00:59:05,560 --> 00:59:08,360
Speaker 1: charmed by how much how invested he was in making

1087
00:59:08,440 --> 00:59:10,560
Speaker 1: himself seem like a badass, to the point where like

1088
00:59:11,080 --> 00:59:14,200
Speaker 1: he lost track of his lies and then just started inventing.

1089
00:59:14,760 --> 00:59:16,680
Speaker 1: Any time that he needed a number, it was just

1090
00:59:16,720 --> 00:59:18,640
Speaker 1: like a bigger number, regardless of whether it was a

1091
00:59:18,640 --> 00:59:21,600
Speaker 1: good or bad thing. This is a key story for

1092
00:59:21,640 --> 00:59:24,240
Speaker 1: all grifters. You have to be very whatever thing it

1093
00:59:24,360 --> 00:59:28,000
Speaker 1: is you do that makes you great, um, you have

1094
00:59:28,080 --> 00:59:31,440
Speaker 1: to be perfectly consistent about it. Stanley's whole thing is

1095
00:59:31,480 --> 00:59:33,720
Speaker 1: he lied about stuff to make a more exciting story

1096
00:59:33,800 --> 00:59:36,280
Speaker 1: so that he would be famous, and he never stopped.

1097
00:59:36,480 --> 00:59:39,640
Speaker 1: He was unbearably consistent in his lying, and it's why

1098
00:59:39,640 --> 00:59:42,320
Speaker 1: he was great. It's like how l Ron Hubbard was

1099
00:59:42,360 --> 00:59:45,960
Speaker 1: incredibly consistent in his lying and so he was able

1100
00:59:46,000 --> 00:59:49,160
Speaker 1: to die worth seven million dollars being worshiped as a god.

1101
00:59:49,560 --> 00:59:52,080
Speaker 1: It's like how Donald Trump has done nothing but lie

1102
00:59:52,160 --> 00:59:55,080
Speaker 1: his entire life and is the president of the United States.

1103
00:59:55,080 --> 00:59:59,800
Speaker 1: They're all the same guy at a certain level, even

1104
00:59:59,840 --> 01:00:05,480
Speaker 1: if they didn't. Yes, absolutely, they're all fundamentally, at their

1105
01:00:05,480 --> 01:00:09,240
Speaker 1: heart of hearts the same individual. They share a soul

1106
01:00:11,720 --> 01:00:18,240
Speaker 1: and that soul sucks so hard. Well, this has been

1107
01:00:18,240 --> 01:00:21,440
Speaker 1: a lot of fun, good good story. You want to

1108
01:00:21,480 --> 01:00:25,040
Speaker 1: plug anything, you plug this new idea to establish a

1109
01:00:25,120 --> 01:00:29,120
Speaker 1: series of trading posts throughout Africa. And I'm look, I

1110
01:00:29,160 --> 01:00:31,440
Speaker 1: think I still need to bounce some ideas around before

1111
01:00:31,440 --> 01:00:34,600
Speaker 1: I really lay it on the world, because I'm sensing

1112
01:00:34,640 --> 01:00:38,959
Speaker 1: that they might have a couple of holes. Yeah, well,

1113
01:00:39,040 --> 01:00:40,800
Speaker 1: I know one thing, which is that I'm going to

1114
01:00:40,920 --> 01:00:44,480
Speaker 1: hire a small child to hold my guns. That that

1115
01:00:44,760 --> 01:00:47,720
Speaker 1: seems like a thing worth doing. It goes without saying

1116
01:00:47,760 --> 01:00:49,800
Speaker 1: that you bring somebody with you to witness all of

1117
01:00:49,800 --> 01:00:55,000
Speaker 1: your greatness. Yeah, good god. Oh that's the story of

1118
01:00:55,040 --> 01:00:57,520
Speaker 1: Henry Morton Stanley. You can find the story of us

1119
01:00:57,560 --> 01:01:00,360
Speaker 1: on our website behind the Bastards dot com. You can

1120
01:01:00,360 --> 01:01:06,000
Speaker 1: buy t shirts on the t public. You can continue

1121
01:01:06,080 --> 01:01:09,280
Speaker 1: do you want me to do? It's fine? I feel

1122
01:01:09,280 --> 01:01:11,400
Speaker 1: like you like it now, Sophie. I feel like now

1123
01:01:11,440 --> 01:01:13,800
Speaker 1: you're angry when I do that because you do it

1124
01:01:14,320 --> 01:01:18,600
Speaker 1: not as good. I don't I should just do it. Yes,

1125
01:01:18,920 --> 01:01:20,880
Speaker 1: you want to give a shot. Yeah, I don't know

1126
01:01:20,920 --> 01:01:23,200
Speaker 1: what we're doing, but I'm gonna try it. Okay, just

1127
01:01:23,240 --> 01:01:25,520
Speaker 1: do something. Yeah, you're allowed to get all We got

1128
01:01:25,520 --> 01:01:27,480
Speaker 1: all kinds of merch out there, ladies and gentlemen. Go

1129
01:01:27,520 --> 01:01:29,280
Speaker 1: to tea public and get our shirts if you guys

1130
01:01:29,320 --> 01:01:31,240
Speaker 1: Anderson on some of our shirts and we got behind

1131
01:01:31,240 --> 01:01:34,520
Speaker 1: the bastards on others. Were also got a Patreon that

1132
01:01:34,560 --> 01:01:38,240
Speaker 1: you can donate to, and we've got okay, no Patreon.

1133
01:01:38,360 --> 01:01:41,520
Speaker 1: Take that way that you would have halfway there you were.

1134
01:01:41,520 --> 01:01:44,600
Speaker 1: You're really great, much better than Robert. Actually nailed it.

1135
01:01:45,720 --> 01:01:50,240
Speaker 1: That's all we need to do. So colonize your own.

1136
01:01:50,680 --> 01:01:53,600
Speaker 1: Don't do anything living rooms, I don't I don't know,

1137
01:01:53,800 --> 01:01:58,280
Speaker 1: I don't know. Just stay the fuck indoors or go

1138
01:01:58,360 --> 01:02:00,400
Speaker 1: on a run. Yeah, tell the truth, don't I about

1139
01:02:00,440 --> 01:02:03,680
Speaker 1: how many people use social distance from be honest about

1140
01:02:03,760 --> 01:02:19,840
Speaker 1: the number of people. It's about seven billion. That's the episode. Yeah,

1141
01:02:16,280 --> 01:02:16,320
Speaker 1: h