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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Welcome to This Day in History Class, where

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Speaker 1: we bring you a new tidbit from history every day.

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Speaker 1: Today is August nineteen. The day was August nineteen ten.

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Speaker 1: The Japan Korea Treaty of nineteen ten was signed in Japan,

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Speaker 1: formally annexed Korea. Five years prior, a treaty struck between

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Speaker 1: the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in the

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Speaker 1: wake of the Russo Japanese War made Korea a protectorate

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Speaker 1: of Japan, and the Japan Korea Treaty of nineteen oh

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Speaker 1: seven shifted Korea's administration of internal affairs to Japan. But

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Speaker 1: under the nineteen ten treaty, the Emperor of Korea gave

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Speaker 1: sovereign power over Korea to the Japanese emperor. The legality

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Speaker 1: of the treaty was disputed, though, since Emperor Song Jong

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Speaker 1: of Korea refused to sign it as was required under

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Speaker 1: Korean law. Korea's Prime Minister Ivon Young and Japan's Resident General,

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Speaker 1: Count tota Uchi Masatake signed the treaty. The treaty became

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Speaker 1: effective on August twenty nine. The proclamation in the treaty

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Speaker 1: said the following, in part, in order to maintain peace

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Speaker 1: and stability in Korea, to promote the prosperity and welfare

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Speaker 1: of Koreans, and at the same time, to ensure the

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Speaker 1: safety and repose of foreign residents. It has been made

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Speaker 1: abundantly clear that fundamental changes in the actual regime of

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Speaker 1: government are absolutely essential. The governments of Japan and Korea,

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Speaker 1: being convinced of the urgent necessity of introducing reforms responsive

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Speaker 1: to the requirements of the situation, and of furnishing sufficient

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Speaker 1: guarantee for the future, have with the approval of His Majesty,

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Speaker 1: the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor of Korea, concluded,

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Speaker 1: through their Plan of Potentiaries, a treaty providing for complete

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Speaker 1: annexation of Korea to the Empire of Japan. Japanese rule

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Speaker 1: in Korea was marked by urban growth, expansion of commerce,

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Speaker 1: proliferation of arts and culture, and improvements in areas such

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Speaker 1: as infrastructure, agriculture, and education, but that cannot overshadow the

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Speaker 1: fact that Japanese rule in Korea was harsh and exploitative.

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Speaker 1: Industrial development was largely for the benefit of Japan. Japan

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Speaker 1: ruled through the military and Korean descent was suppressed. Korean

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Speaker 1: history and culture were also suppressed. Thousands of Korean historical

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Speaker 1: documents were destroyed. Schools forbade people from speaking Korean, and

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Speaker 1: other public places adopted the Japanese language. Many Japanese families

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Speaker 1: moved to Korea and exploited the land by clearing trees

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Speaker 1: and planting non native species. Loyalty to the Japanese emperor

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Speaker 1: was emphasized, and Korean customs and culture were disparaged. The

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Speaker 1: Japanese forced assimilation on Koreans through religion, education, and language,

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Speaker 1: making them go to Shinto shrines and change their family names,

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Speaker 1: and the Imperial Japanese Army forced girls and women into

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Speaker 1: sexual slavery. The Japanese also forced Korean labors to work

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Speaker 1: in Japan during World War Two since there were labor shortages.

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Speaker 1: Koreans did resist Japan's oppressive rule, forming movements that fought

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Speaker 1: for independence, like the March First Movement of nineteen nineteen.

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Speaker 1: Japanese colonial rule in Korea ended in nineteen when Japan

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Speaker 1: surrendered in World War Two after the stomic bombs were

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Speaker 1: dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Korea then divided into Soviet

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Speaker 1: occupied North Korea and U S occupied South Korea, and

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Speaker 1: the Korean War broke out between the North and the

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Speaker 1: South in nineteen fifty. The nineteen sixty five Treaty on

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Speaker 1: Basic Relations, which established diplomatic relations between South Korea and Japan,

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Speaker 1: declared that the Treaty of nineteen ten was already null

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Speaker 1: and void. Today, the history of Japanese role over Korea

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Speaker 1: is still a point of contention, and the period from

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Speaker 1: nineteen ten to nineteen forty five is known in South

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Speaker 1: Korea as Japanese First Occupation. I'm each Jeff Coote, and

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Speaker 1: hopefully you know a little more about history today than

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Speaker 1: you did yesterday. If there's something that I missed in

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Speaker 1: an episode, you can share on Twitter, Instagram or Facebook

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Speaker 1: at t d I h B Podcast. Thank you for

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Speaker 1: joining me today. See you same place, same time tomorrow.

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