1 00:00:04,480 --> 00:00:06,760 Speaker 1: What if you thought, as an adult that you've been 2 00:00:06,800 --> 00:00:09,520 Speaker 1: alive forever and then you discovered no, you actually had 3 00:00:09,520 --> 00:00:11,399 Speaker 1: a childhood and you were born, and you would want 4 00:00:11,440 --> 00:00:14,840 Speaker 1: to know all about that. It would be surprising. And 5 00:00:14,920 --> 00:00:17,759 Speaker 1: actually that's sort of the situation science was it. For 6 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:21,760 Speaker 1: a long time astronomer thought the universe is fixed, it's constant. 7 00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:23,960 Speaker 1: All the stars are just sort of hanging out there 8 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:38,440 Speaker 1: in space, not moving, and they've been like that forever. Hi, 9 00:00:38,560 --> 00:00:42,280 Speaker 1: I'm Daniel, is this Horran? So? I'm a particle physicist. 10 00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:45,080 Speaker 1: I smash protons together at certain in my day job 11 00:00:45,120 --> 00:00:47,560 Speaker 1: to try to figure out what is the basic nature 12 00:00:47,600 --> 00:00:49,880 Speaker 1: of matter? What do you smash as a hobby ban? Yeah? 13 00:00:49,880 --> 00:00:51,680 Speaker 1: You know, when you're a particle physicist, you learned to 14 00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:55,319 Speaker 1: solve problems by smashing stuff together. So whatever's around me, 15 00:00:55,720 --> 00:00:58,520 Speaker 1: And I'm a cartoonist and my job is to sit 16 00:00:58,560 --> 00:01:01,240 Speaker 1: in my pajamas all day and for funny things. That's 17 00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:03,320 Speaker 1: not how you started, right. You didn't grow up thinking 18 00:01:03,360 --> 00:01:05,720 Speaker 1: I'm going to be a cartoonist. No, I started off 19 00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:08,480 Speaker 1: as a researcher. I'm an engineer. I studied robotics. I 20 00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:11,080 Speaker 1: have a PhD in robotics. But um, somewhere along the line, 21 00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:15,000 Speaker 1: I started joining comics and that kind of took off 22 00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:17,720 Speaker 1: for me. And this is our podcast Daniel and Jorge 23 00:01:17,920 --> 00:01:22,000 Speaker 1: explained the universe. Today, we're going to talk about how 24 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:30,480 Speaker 1: it all began. The biggest of questions, the Big Bang. 25 00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:36,080 Speaker 1: What happened at the very beginning of the universe, What 26 00:01:36,280 --> 00:01:39,240 Speaker 1: happened before the Big Bang? It's a pretty deep basic 27 00:01:39,319 --> 00:01:41,480 Speaker 1: question about the origin of our universe. What do you 28 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:43,240 Speaker 1: think about it, what do you know about it? What 29 00:01:43,280 --> 00:01:46,160 Speaker 1: do you imagine might have happened before the start of 30 00:01:46,160 --> 00:01:48,840 Speaker 1: our universe. We went out and we asked people on 31 00:01:48,880 --> 00:01:52,960 Speaker 1: the street what they thought happened just before the Big Bang. Um, well, 32 00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:55,840 Speaker 1: there was a bunch of particles in the universe, and 33 00:01:55,840 --> 00:02:02,360 Speaker 1: then they combined together and had all the energy of 34 00:02:02,400 --> 00:02:07,560 Speaker 1: the universe. So then when it happened, that's how it 35 00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:10,639 Speaker 1: was all dispersed. So most people seem to have some 36 00:02:10,720 --> 00:02:12,919 Speaker 1: idea that, first of all, the Big Bang is more 37 00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:15,880 Speaker 1: than just a TV show, right, that the idea for 38 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:18,280 Speaker 1: the science came before the TV show. I was kind 39 00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:21,240 Speaker 1: of relieved to hear that everyone seems to know it's uh. 40 00:02:21,240 --> 00:02:23,520 Speaker 1: It sort of marks the beginning of the universe. Right, 41 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:26,120 Speaker 1: it's a moment of creation or the starting of the 42 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:29,360 Speaker 1: clock of the universe, and everything came from. But what 43 00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:34,360 Speaker 1: exactly happened during the Big Bang? And most interestingly, what 44 00:02:34,600 --> 00:02:38,880 Speaker 1: happened before the Big Bang? Right? And that's that's fascinating 45 00:02:38,919 --> 00:02:41,200 Speaker 1: to me. And these are the best questions, the ones 46 00:02:41,280 --> 00:02:43,959 Speaker 1: that like try to answer the question where did everything 47 00:02:44,040 --> 00:02:46,560 Speaker 1: come from? This sort of touches on the philosophical like 48 00:02:46,639 --> 00:02:49,040 Speaker 1: why are we here? If you knew how the Big 49 00:02:49,040 --> 00:02:51,160 Speaker 1: Bang happened and how the universe was created, you might 50 00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:53,880 Speaker 1: get some insight into like what the purpose of life 51 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:55,760 Speaker 1: is or how to live your life or stuff. So 52 00:02:55,840 --> 00:02:58,440 Speaker 1: to me, these are like really good, deep, basic questions. 53 00:03:03,160 --> 00:03:05,480 Speaker 1: So we made a list of the four things we 54 00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:07,919 Speaker 1: think you should know about the Big Band. The first 55 00:03:07,919 --> 00:03:12,400 Speaker 1: one is that the entire universe was once really small. 56 00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:16,959 Speaker 1: Maybe we think, let's talk about that. What do you 57 00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:19,639 Speaker 1: mean maybe, Well, it's an interesting question. We know that 58 00:03:19,680 --> 00:03:21,560 Speaker 1: the universe had a beginning, right, And how do we 59 00:03:21,600 --> 00:03:23,679 Speaker 1: know that? We know that because things are expanding, things 60 00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:26,560 Speaker 1: are moving away from each other. That was the major discovery, 61 00:03:26,600 --> 00:03:28,800 Speaker 1: Like a hundred years ago, people looked out in the 62 00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:31,959 Speaker 1: stars and discovered that they're all moving away from us. Okay, 63 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:34,280 Speaker 1: So like we thought everything would still like we were 64 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:36,880 Speaker 1: frozen in a gel or something. The stars were just 65 00:03:36,920 --> 00:03:41,160 Speaker 1: like they're sitting there, generally speaking. But then they discovered 66 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:43,360 Speaker 1: that they actually things are moving away from each other, 67 00:03:43,720 --> 00:03:46,040 Speaker 1: that's right, And everything is moving away from us, and 68 00:03:46,080 --> 00:03:48,480 Speaker 1: everything is moving away from everything else. They just looked 69 00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:50,800 Speaker 1: at stars, and you can measure how fast a star 70 00:03:50,920 --> 00:03:54,360 Speaker 1: is moving relative to us by by seeing how it's 71 00:03:54,440 --> 00:03:57,320 Speaker 1: light is stretched or shrunk, depending on whether it's moving 72 00:03:57,520 --> 00:04:00,280 Speaker 1: away from us or towards the second dopler shift, like 73 00:04:00,360 --> 00:04:03,800 Speaker 1: the highway patrol measuring your speed, you can sort of 74 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:06,200 Speaker 1: you can tell how fast you're going. Yeah, exactly. It's 75 00:04:06,200 --> 00:04:07,920 Speaker 1: not like they looked at the stars and said, oh, 76 00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:10,520 Speaker 1: now it's that once over there, it must have moved. 77 00:04:10,600 --> 00:04:12,680 Speaker 1: It's like that's some other information, right, right, So they 78 00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:14,200 Speaker 1: looked out there and they measured all this stuff, and 79 00:04:14,200 --> 00:04:17,200 Speaker 1: they said, whoa, everything's stretching out and moving away from 80 00:04:17,200 --> 00:04:20,280 Speaker 1: each other. So then the very natural consequences to say, well, 81 00:04:20,480 --> 00:04:23,119 Speaker 1: run that backwards. What does that mean? It means things 82 00:04:23,240 --> 00:04:26,240 Speaker 1: might have been smaller and more dense and maybe even 83 00:04:26,279 --> 00:04:28,240 Speaker 1: come from a little spot like if you had the 84 00:04:28,279 --> 00:04:31,120 Speaker 1: rewind bunt. If you see things maketting bigger, now, if 85 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,000 Speaker 1: you had the rewind bunt, wow for a while, what 86 00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:37,080 Speaker 1: happens exactly? And those are the mental games people were playing. 87 00:04:37,360 --> 00:04:40,240 Speaker 1: And actually the phrase big Bang was a joke that 88 00:04:40,279 --> 00:04:42,560 Speaker 1: people made up to mock that idea. They're like, look, 89 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:45,000 Speaker 1: how ridiculous this idea is. It's kind of a silly 90 00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:47,000 Speaker 1: sounding name, right, Yeah, it was like whimsical. It was. 91 00:04:47,440 --> 00:04:49,480 Speaker 1: It was like a Donald Trump insult, you know, for 92 00:04:49,839 --> 00:04:54,040 Speaker 1: somebody else's big Lee Bang. Yeah, the big Bang. Well, 93 00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:56,760 Speaker 1: if you were like a respectable scientist today and you 94 00:04:57,320 --> 00:04:59,840 Speaker 1: had to name this event, you wouldn't call it the 95 00:04:59,839 --> 00:05:01,560 Speaker 1: big Bang? Or do you think that it was a 96 00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:05,160 Speaker 1: good name? Oh man, if I was on a marketing committee, 97 00:05:05,360 --> 00:05:10,000 Speaker 1: discover a new name for it, the moment of creation. Um, now, 98 00:05:10,040 --> 00:05:12,920 Speaker 1: I think big Bang is actually pretty good. Yeah, you 99 00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:16,240 Speaker 1: got your literation. It's short, it's pithy, you know, it's 100 00:05:16,680 --> 00:05:18,280 Speaker 1: it's pretty well done. I think that's probably why it 101 00:05:18,360 --> 00:05:21,080 Speaker 1: survived so long, because everyone wants the universe to start 102 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:26,239 Speaker 1: with the bank. That's right. So you played back the 103 00:05:26,279 --> 00:05:30,120 Speaker 1: movie of the Universe, and it tells us that everything 104 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:33,560 Speaker 1: was once much closer together, and then much much closer, 105 00:05:33,560 --> 00:05:35,880 Speaker 1: and then much much closer, and if you keep thinking 106 00:05:35,880 --> 00:05:40,080 Speaker 1: about it, things may have been really really really close together. 107 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:43,119 Speaker 1: That's right. Yeah, they just keep extrapolating down to a point. 108 00:05:43,640 --> 00:05:46,160 Speaker 1: And around the same time Einstein came up with all 109 00:05:46,160 --> 00:05:48,920 Speaker 1: of his ideas of general relativity and thinking about gravity 110 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:51,279 Speaker 1: and how the universe works, and people were playing with 111 00:05:51,279 --> 00:05:54,920 Speaker 1: those equations and discovering that those equations actually predicted that 112 00:05:54,960 --> 00:05:57,479 Speaker 1: the universe could start from a point. They were consistent 113 00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:00,599 Speaker 1: with Einstein's ideas of gravity. What you mean consider it 114 00:06:00,640 --> 00:06:04,080 Speaker 1: was consistent, meaning that that it, um, you can construct 115 00:06:04,120 --> 00:06:06,680 Speaker 1: a universe that starts from a point and then it 116 00:06:06,880 --> 00:06:10,280 Speaker 1: blows up and expands, And that totally makes sense from 117 00:06:10,279 --> 00:06:13,920 Speaker 1: an Einstein gravity point of view, like it follows the rules. 118 00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:19,320 Speaker 1: It's allowed, meaning that nothing weird happens, like you can 119 00:06:19,400 --> 00:06:22,160 Speaker 1: cram that much stuff into such as small space according 120 00:06:22,200 --> 00:06:27,479 Speaker 1: to Einstein, right, which is pretty well accepted as a 121 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:30,279 Speaker 1: smart guy, he knows what he's talking about. But you know, 122 00:06:30,320 --> 00:06:33,320 Speaker 1: there are some issues there. Um. The original idea was 123 00:06:33,640 --> 00:06:36,320 Speaker 1: the Big Bang was this really dense hot blob of 124 00:06:36,360 --> 00:06:39,600 Speaker 1: stuff and then it blew up and expanded into things 125 00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:41,679 Speaker 1: we know, and you know, that was a weird idea 126 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:43,800 Speaker 1: for a long time, and people didn't believe it for 127 00:06:43,839 --> 00:06:45,800 Speaker 1: a long time. It was in the sixties that they 128 00:06:45,839 --> 00:06:48,960 Speaker 1: finally found the first like concrete piece of evidence that 129 00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:52,440 Speaker 1: maybe the Big Bang had happened. And that's when they 130 00:06:52,480 --> 00:06:56,160 Speaker 1: discovered the thing called the cosmic microwave background radiation. So 131 00:06:56,200 --> 00:06:58,880 Speaker 1: it was weird to think about so much stuff and 132 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:02,679 Speaker 1: matter and stars and being cramped to small space. Yeah, 133 00:07:02,720 --> 00:07:05,880 Speaker 1: because I meant the universe wasn't always this dark and 134 00:07:05,960 --> 00:07:08,359 Speaker 1: cold and empty place that we know today. It was 135 00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:11,040 Speaker 1: like a hot, dense blob like the center of the sun. 136 00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:15,200 Speaker 1: It was a hot mess exactly. The universe was not 137 00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:19,560 Speaker 1: well organized when it was young. Um. So yeah, so 138 00:07:19,600 --> 00:07:23,040 Speaker 1: they said, okay, now, but now they saw something like 139 00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:27,240 Speaker 1: you call it the cosmic microwave background radiation that said, yes, 140 00:07:27,360 --> 00:07:30,840 Speaker 1: that's a clear indication things were a hot mess before. Yeah. 141 00:07:30,880 --> 00:07:33,480 Speaker 1: They said, if things were really hot and dense a 142 00:07:33,520 --> 00:07:35,720 Speaker 1: long time ago, then they should have given off this 143 00:07:35,760 --> 00:07:37,680 Speaker 1: special kind of light and we should still be able 144 00:07:37,720 --> 00:07:39,360 Speaker 1: to see it today. And they went out and they 145 00:07:39,400 --> 00:07:42,480 Speaker 1: found it. You can see it like you can see 146 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:45,560 Speaker 1: it if you have a special radio telescope, and some 147 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:48,160 Speaker 1: guys built a fancy radio telescope. They weren't even actually 148 00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:51,080 Speaker 1: looking for this background radiation and they just had a 149 00:07:51,200 --> 00:07:54,320 Speaker 1: hiss in their in their telescope. They had this noise 150 00:07:54,360 --> 00:07:57,920 Speaker 1: in their telescope. And coincidentally, some people a couple of 151 00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:00,320 Speaker 1: years earlier had predicted, oh, if you build this kind 152 00:08:00,320 --> 00:08:02,720 Speaker 1: of telescope, you'll and the big Bang happened. You'll hear 153 00:08:02,760 --> 00:08:04,960 Speaker 1: this hiss and they turn on their telescope. They heard 154 00:08:04,960 --> 00:08:06,360 Speaker 1: this hiss and they're like, what is this. We can't 155 00:08:06,360 --> 00:08:08,480 Speaker 1: get rid of this noise. And then two years later 156 00:08:08,520 --> 00:08:10,880 Speaker 1: the one the Nobel Prize. That's a great discovery. It 157 00:08:10,920 --> 00:08:12,920 Speaker 1: was a pretty happy you're gonna get fired, but then 158 00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:16,080 Speaker 1: they're like, oh, that mistake you made. It's the discovery 159 00:08:16,120 --> 00:08:19,680 Speaker 1: of the universe. That's right. So that's a big bang. 160 00:08:19,720 --> 00:08:22,120 Speaker 1: It's everything was once really small and then it's just 161 00:08:22,120 --> 00:08:26,080 Speaker 1: gonna explode it out into what we have today. That's right. 162 00:08:26,320 --> 00:08:28,240 Speaker 1: That's the whole idea, is that the universe has a 163 00:08:28,280 --> 00:08:31,960 Speaker 1: beginning and then it expanded into what we know today. Um, 164 00:08:32,040 --> 00:08:33,880 Speaker 1: And that was the sort of first idea of the 165 00:08:33,880 --> 00:08:37,720 Speaker 1: big bang, like maybe everything came from a point, and people, 166 00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:39,559 Speaker 1: a lot of people, when they think about the Big Bang, 167 00:08:39,600 --> 00:08:43,000 Speaker 1: they think about the universe starting in a singularity, meaning 168 00:08:43,080 --> 00:08:45,760 Speaker 1: a bunch of stuff in zero volume, all of it 169 00:08:45,880 --> 00:08:50,760 Speaker 1: on top of each other, in the same zero space exactly. 170 00:08:50,800 --> 00:08:53,040 Speaker 1: And it's mind blowing to imagine, Like, take out the 171 00:08:53,120 --> 00:08:56,400 Speaker 1: Sun and cram it down into the amount of space 172 00:08:56,440 --> 00:08:58,280 Speaker 1: you have for a grain of sand. Hard to imagine, 173 00:08:58,360 --> 00:09:01,680 Speaker 1: right now, make it even small. Now at every other 174 00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:04,920 Speaker 1: star in the universe on top of it. It's like 175 00:09:04,960 --> 00:09:09,120 Speaker 1: your brain in the same thing, right, Yeah, it's it's 176 00:09:09,120 --> 00:09:11,360 Speaker 1: not really the same thing. It's just all the energy, 177 00:09:11,679 --> 00:09:14,200 Speaker 1: all the all the energy density that we can have 178 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:17,200 Speaker 1: in the universe was cramed into that tiny little space. 179 00:09:17,640 --> 00:09:19,200 Speaker 1: That was sort of the early idea. And you can 180 00:09:19,240 --> 00:09:22,800 Speaker 1: imagine like a big empty universe of space with a 181 00:09:22,880 --> 00:09:25,720 Speaker 1: tiny dot of matter in it, And of course that 182 00:09:26,080 --> 00:09:28,400 Speaker 1: engenders a lot of questions like where did that tiny 183 00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:32,120 Speaker 1: dot a matter come from? Right? Was there only one? Um? 184 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:34,960 Speaker 1: How was it created? Right? But before we keep going, 185 00:09:35,080 --> 00:09:48,559 Speaker 1: let's take a short break. Well, so that's a big bang, 186 00:09:48,679 --> 00:09:50,440 Speaker 1: and so the next thing people should know is that 187 00:09:50,480 --> 00:09:54,559 Speaker 1: the Big Bang happened about fourteen billion years ago billion 188 00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:58,079 Speaker 1: with a b billion years ago and I can't even 189 00:09:58,080 --> 00:10:03,000 Speaker 1: remember what I did this morning fourteen minutes ago. That's 190 00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:06,920 Speaker 1: how old universe is from that moment of the Big Bang. Yeah, 191 00:10:07,120 --> 00:10:09,280 Speaker 1: so the universe has been around since the Big Bang 192 00:10:09,320 --> 00:10:12,120 Speaker 1: about fourteen billion years and you know, for scale, the 193 00:10:12,200 --> 00:10:14,600 Speaker 1: Earth has been around about four and a half billion years. 194 00:10:14,800 --> 00:10:17,040 Speaker 1: That's when our solar system was formed. Well, how do 195 00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:18,400 Speaker 1: you how do you how do we know how old 196 00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:21,640 Speaker 1: the universe is? Like, yeah, like how can you tell? Yeah, well, 197 00:10:21,679 --> 00:10:24,520 Speaker 1: we are seeing it expand and so the simplest way 198 00:10:24,520 --> 00:10:27,800 Speaker 1: is to just extrapolate back, say how fast is it expanding? 199 00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:31,319 Speaker 1: And extrapolate that expansion back until the zero point. So 200 00:10:31,360 --> 00:10:34,680 Speaker 1: like if you look at it, the furthest stars you see, 201 00:10:34,720 --> 00:10:36,320 Speaker 1: you know how fast we're going. You can just like 202 00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:41,360 Speaker 1: hit the rewind button. It would take about fourteen billion 203 00:10:41,440 --> 00:10:45,200 Speaker 1: years for it to connect to everything else. Yeah, so 204 00:10:45,320 --> 00:10:48,160 Speaker 1: we're pretty sure that something happened fourteen billion years ago. 205 00:10:48,240 --> 00:10:51,280 Speaker 1: This expansion of space happened fourteen billion years ago. But 206 00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:54,600 Speaker 1: these days scientists are a little fuzzier on what exactly 207 00:10:54,640 --> 00:10:58,360 Speaker 1: the Big Bang was. So idea zero was a tiny 208 00:10:58,440 --> 00:11:02,440 Speaker 1: dot with all the matter and explodes into the universe um. 209 00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:06,000 Speaker 1: Problems with this idea are one that you can't really 210 00:11:06,040 --> 00:11:09,800 Speaker 1: have tiny dots of infinite density, so Einstein told me 211 00:11:09,880 --> 00:11:12,480 Speaker 1: before you could. Well, that was Einstein's idea, and the 212 00:11:12,520 --> 00:11:16,280 Speaker 1: idea is consistent with Einstein's gravity, but Einstein's theories of 213 00:11:16,280 --> 00:11:20,040 Speaker 1: gravity don't account for quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics something that 214 00:11:20,120 --> 00:11:23,240 Speaker 1: came after Einstein he was never really very comfortable with, 215 00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:26,320 Speaker 1: and quantum mechanics is a whole, big, long story. But 216 00:11:26,559 --> 00:11:28,280 Speaker 1: the thing we need to understand is that it says 217 00:11:28,559 --> 00:11:31,000 Speaker 1: you can't have things that are super duper tiny. There 218 00:11:31,080 --> 00:11:35,679 Speaker 1: might be the smallest space, there might be the smallest distance. Yeah, 219 00:11:36,080 --> 00:11:39,439 Speaker 1: like at some point you can't get unfuzzier. That's right, exactly, 220 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:43,640 Speaker 1: it's a basic unit of fuzziness. Like imagine space being pixelated, right, 221 00:11:43,720 --> 00:11:46,640 Speaker 1: Like you can't talk about something smaller than one pixel. 222 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:50,839 Speaker 1: So we think that quantum mechanics is probably correct. And 223 00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:54,439 Speaker 1: if the big pixel, that's right, the first pixel in 224 00:11:54,600 --> 00:11:57,600 Speaker 1: the universe. So we think if you try to follow 225 00:11:57,600 --> 00:12:02,439 Speaker 1: Einstein extrapolate the universe down to point general relativity probably works, 226 00:12:02,440 --> 00:12:05,440 Speaker 1: but we think it probably breaks when you get down 227 00:12:05,440 --> 00:12:09,000 Speaker 1: to really really tiny distances and really heavy stuff. But 228 00:12:09,080 --> 00:12:11,679 Speaker 1: nobody's ever seen that happen. You have to look inside 229 00:12:11,679 --> 00:12:13,560 Speaker 1: a black hole or go back in time and see 230 00:12:13,559 --> 00:12:16,000 Speaker 1: the Big Bang. But these days we have a slightly 231 00:12:16,040 --> 00:12:18,400 Speaker 1: fuzzier version of the idea of the Big Bang. Rather 232 00:12:18,400 --> 00:12:21,360 Speaker 1: then a point of matter that then explodes into space, 233 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:24,360 Speaker 1: we think of the universe is being created as a 234 00:12:24,440 --> 00:12:29,680 Speaker 1: blob of space and matter and then and matter. Yeah, 235 00:12:29,720 --> 00:12:32,520 Speaker 1: so like it was, it's a like a blob of space, 236 00:12:32,720 --> 00:12:36,199 Speaker 1: like a tiny universe with not much space. So instead 237 00:12:36,240 --> 00:12:38,360 Speaker 1: of an infinite universe with a tiny blob of matter 238 00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:41,760 Speaker 1: in it, now imagine a tiny piece of space filled 239 00:12:41,800 --> 00:12:44,280 Speaker 1: with energy and matter. Okay, and what's outside of that 240 00:12:44,320 --> 00:12:47,520 Speaker 1: little space we have no idea, Like seriously, we can't 241 00:12:47,520 --> 00:12:51,680 Speaker 1: even imagine inconceivable, right, But we do know that space 242 00:12:51,880 --> 00:12:55,120 Speaker 1: can be variable in size, space can expand, and these 243 00:12:55,160 --> 00:12:57,000 Speaker 1: days we have a more modern idea of the Big 244 00:12:57,040 --> 00:13:00,760 Speaker 1: Bang as that expansion of that space kind of like 245 00:13:00,760 --> 00:13:03,840 Speaker 1: a bubble, Like a bubble that's a space, and then 246 00:13:03,840 --> 00:13:06,400 Speaker 1: there's stuff in the bubble. So you're saying both those 247 00:13:06,400 --> 00:13:10,760 Speaker 1: things blew up exactly. And this is the more modern 248 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:13,719 Speaker 1: idea that space itself can expand. And so if you're 249 00:13:13,720 --> 00:13:15,760 Speaker 1: out there thinking, what is he talking about? How can 250 00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:18,200 Speaker 1: space expand? What is it expanding into? Everything has to 251 00:13:18,200 --> 00:13:21,560 Speaker 1: be in something, right, And the answer is, we don't know. 252 00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:25,160 Speaker 1: We think used to think of space is just like emptiness, 253 00:13:25,160 --> 00:13:27,200 Speaker 1: and we can go a whole episode about just what 254 00:13:27,320 --> 00:13:30,319 Speaker 1: spaces and I think we really will, so keep listening. 255 00:13:30,880 --> 00:13:32,760 Speaker 1: But these days we think of space as a thing 256 00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:35,320 Speaker 1: because it can expand, it can bend, and it can ripple, 257 00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:37,719 Speaker 1: so we know it has all these properties. So it 258 00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:40,120 Speaker 1: might be that this bubble of space in the early 259 00:13:40,200 --> 00:13:43,120 Speaker 1: universe was in some sort of super meta deep space 260 00:13:43,240 --> 00:13:46,880 Speaker 1: that we have never really discovered, or nothing. It could 261 00:13:46,920 --> 00:13:49,040 Speaker 1: be that it doesn't have to hang in something else. 262 00:13:49,080 --> 00:13:52,760 Speaker 1: It's just the edge. And space itself was smaller that 263 00:13:52,760 --> 00:13:55,720 Speaker 1: that much. We know space was small. Space was smaller, 264 00:13:55,800 --> 00:13:59,640 Speaker 1: and the stuff in it was crammed in really really 265 00:13:59,679 --> 00:14:02,160 Speaker 1: small to try it. And then about fourteen billion years ago, 266 00:14:02,600 --> 00:14:04,360 Speaker 1: for some reason do we know why, and we don't 267 00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:06,840 Speaker 1: know why, it decided it didn't want to be that 268 00:14:06,880 --> 00:14:09,920 Speaker 1: small anymore, that's right, Yeah, And that was the moment 269 00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:12,920 Speaker 1: that space was created and then it expanded like crazy. 270 00:14:12,960 --> 00:14:16,400 Speaker 1: It's something we call inflation. Inflation is not you know 271 00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:19,120 Speaker 1: why your money doesn't work as well in every year? 272 00:14:19,200 --> 00:14:22,040 Speaker 1: I mean that is inflation. But there's I don't know 273 00:14:22,080 --> 00:14:24,200 Speaker 1: why do we do this? In science? We take an idea, 274 00:14:24,560 --> 00:14:27,160 Speaker 1: a word that everybody uses to mean one thing, We 275 00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:30,760 Speaker 1: just like use that same word to mean something totally different, 276 00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:33,960 Speaker 1: but it fits when it describes it. In the universe 277 00:14:34,080 --> 00:14:36,760 Speaker 1: inflated like a balloon, like a bubble, right, yes, okay, 278 00:14:36,920 --> 00:14:39,320 Speaker 1: it's a good descriptive name from that sense. So the 279 00:14:39,400 --> 00:14:42,680 Speaker 1: universe inflayed, that whole balloon inflated, and everything inside it 280 00:14:42,680 --> 00:14:45,920 Speaker 1: got stretched. And the amount of stretching that happened is crazy. 281 00:14:45,960 --> 00:14:49,520 Speaker 1: It's like the universe expanded in space by a factor 282 00:14:49,720 --> 00:14:53,040 Speaker 1: ten to the thirty. That's ten with thirty zeros on it, 283 00:14:53,160 --> 00:14:55,720 Speaker 1: some crazy huge number, and it did it in this 284 00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:59,120 Speaker 1: really small amount of time. Tend to the minus thirty. 285 00:14:59,200 --> 00:15:02,840 Speaker 1: So that zero with thirty zeros after the decimal place, 286 00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:06,440 Speaker 1: and then a one. So this incredible expansion, a huge 287 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:09,400 Speaker 1: expansion of space have tended the thirty in this tiny 288 00:15:09,400 --> 00:15:11,840 Speaker 1: amount of time, tend to the minus thirty. It's hard 289 00:15:11,880 --> 00:15:13,840 Speaker 1: to really even fathom. It was in a rush to 290 00:15:13,880 --> 00:15:17,160 Speaker 1: get big yes, and it's still getting bigger today. And 291 00:15:17,200 --> 00:15:19,800 Speaker 1: the other things that's important to understand is that space 292 00:15:19,840 --> 00:15:22,160 Speaker 1: didn't get created like on the outside of the universe, 293 00:15:22,400 --> 00:15:26,120 Speaker 1: like they made more room. It's stuff. The space inside 294 00:15:26,120 --> 00:15:29,600 Speaker 1: the universe stretched and kind of created, so like between 295 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:31,640 Speaker 1: two particles you had a certain amount of space, and 296 00:15:31,720 --> 00:15:34,320 Speaker 1: all of a sudden you had extra space between particles. 297 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:37,320 Speaker 1: So the more things, Yeah, everything is getting stretched out 298 00:15:38,080 --> 00:15:40,560 Speaker 1: from the inside also not just from the outside, and 299 00:15:40,560 --> 00:15:43,520 Speaker 1: that's also continuing to happen, like the expansion of the 300 00:15:43,600 --> 00:15:45,720 Speaker 1: universe today. The in fact the universe is getting bigger 301 00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:48,680 Speaker 1: and bigger is happening all around. This is more space 302 00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:51,880 Speaker 1: being created. The third thing we should talk about today 303 00:15:52,040 --> 00:15:55,400 Speaker 1: is uh that we don't know what happened before the 304 00:15:55,400 --> 00:15:58,880 Speaker 1: Big Bang, like before this little bubble blew up, what 305 00:15:59,040 --> 00:16:02,040 Speaker 1: happened before. But before we get into that, let's take 306 00:16:02,040 --> 00:16:17,520 Speaker 1: a quick break. This is like totally territory for speculation 307 00:16:17,560 --> 00:16:20,760 Speaker 1: and philosophy. Um, we have pretty good theories about what 308 00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:23,040 Speaker 1: happened during the Big Bang. This idea of the inflation, 309 00:16:23,320 --> 00:16:27,000 Speaker 1: we even have some experimental evidence for to back it up, 310 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:29,720 Speaker 1: and it's pretty solid theory these days that inflation happened. 311 00:16:29,840 --> 00:16:31,840 Speaker 1: But what do you mean experimental? Like, we can't measure 312 00:16:31,840 --> 00:16:34,120 Speaker 1: the Big Bang? Can we write? So we can't go 313 00:16:34,160 --> 00:16:36,560 Speaker 1: back in time and see it right, Um, But we 314 00:16:36,600 --> 00:16:38,720 Speaker 1: can do things like detectives do after a murder, and 315 00:16:38,760 --> 00:16:41,080 Speaker 1: we can look for clues and say, are the clues 316 00:16:41,160 --> 00:16:43,200 Speaker 1: that we've see in the universe today consistent with this 317 00:16:43,240 --> 00:16:46,080 Speaker 1: story or with that other story. So we can sift 318 00:16:46,080 --> 00:16:48,280 Speaker 1: through the clues from the Big Bang and say, it 319 00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:51,440 Speaker 1: looks like the universe was created, and if inflation happened, 320 00:16:51,440 --> 00:16:54,400 Speaker 1: it probably created these ripples in that plasma. We can 321 00:16:54,400 --> 00:16:57,680 Speaker 1: see those ripples in the cosmic micro background radiation. It's 322 00:16:57,720 --> 00:17:00,360 Speaker 1: really an incredible golden age of cosmology. They're doing all 323 00:17:00,360 --> 00:17:03,600 Speaker 1: this really precision work to understand exactly what happened and 324 00:17:04,119 --> 00:17:06,080 Speaker 1: what we know. So, but we can only see up 325 00:17:06,080 --> 00:17:08,040 Speaker 1: to a certain points. We can only see before that 326 00:17:08,320 --> 00:17:11,280 Speaker 1: is just the speculation. Before that, it's just speculation. So 327 00:17:11,640 --> 00:17:14,639 Speaker 1: one popular idea is that there's this kind of matter 328 00:17:14,880 --> 00:17:20,320 Speaker 1: called inflationary matter inflatons, and it has some weird gravitational properties, 329 00:17:20,359 --> 00:17:24,520 Speaker 1: and those gravitational properties cause inflation, Like suddenly they came 330 00:17:24,520 --> 00:17:26,720 Speaker 1: into being inside of this hot mess and it's like 331 00:17:28,359 --> 00:17:29,840 Speaker 1: we need to get out of here. Yeah, it's this 332 00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:33,000 Speaker 1: never ending loop of questions. Right, So you say, well, 333 00:17:33,080 --> 00:17:36,920 Speaker 1: in the Big Bang was inflation? What caused inflation inflationary matter? Well, 334 00:17:36,960 --> 00:17:40,960 Speaker 1: what created inflationary matter? It's like dot dot dot. You 335 00:17:40,960 --> 00:17:43,520 Speaker 1: could just keep asking that question forever, and I think 336 00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:45,840 Speaker 1: we will be asking that question forever, will always be 337 00:17:45,880 --> 00:17:48,280 Speaker 1: pushing back and trying to understand, and until we get 338 00:17:48,280 --> 00:17:50,280 Speaker 1: back to negative infinity and time, we're never going to 339 00:17:50,440 --> 00:17:53,320 Speaker 1: have like a solid answer. But that's part of the fun, right, 340 00:17:53,359 --> 00:17:56,280 Speaker 1: It's not like it's the journey as much as the destination. 341 00:17:56,359 --> 00:17:59,040 Speaker 1: But there's some cool ideas there about what happened before 342 00:17:59,119 --> 00:18:02,760 Speaker 1: that point, right, that's right. Yeah, Like maybe, um, the 343 00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:06,800 Speaker 1: whole universe was filled with inflationary matter and in some 344 00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:10,600 Speaker 1: places it decayed into normal matter and then inflation happened. 345 00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:12,960 Speaker 1: And if that's the case, then you have like our 346 00:18:13,080 --> 00:18:17,720 Speaker 1: universe is one spot inside some huge mega universe of 347 00:18:17,760 --> 00:18:22,359 Speaker 1: inflationary matter, and maybe at other points in the in 348 00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:26,000 Speaker 1: that mega universe there are also other dots that turned 349 00:18:26,040 --> 00:18:29,879 Speaker 1: into what we call pocket universes, like it of the 350 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:32,639 Speaker 1: in the space of the of the mega universe, Mega 351 00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:37,080 Speaker 1: zits on the mega universe and that maybe maybe like 352 00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:39,120 Speaker 1: our universe is just like a little bubble in a 353 00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:43,439 Speaker 1: big sea of other bubbles. That's right, exactly, that's one idea, 354 00:18:43,640 --> 00:18:45,720 Speaker 1: and um, we have no way to really to test 355 00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:48,959 Speaker 1: that idea is the problem because there's no way for 356 00:18:49,040 --> 00:18:52,480 Speaker 1: us to ever reach those other bubbles. Because if that's 357 00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:55,240 Speaker 1: the case, if that's really the reality of our, of 358 00:18:55,280 --> 00:18:58,439 Speaker 1: our the situation of nature, it means that inflation is 359 00:18:58,480 --> 00:19:03,199 Speaker 1: still happening because inflationary matter is still constantly expanding. So 360 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:06,160 Speaker 1: those other universes, those other bubbles are getting pushed away 361 00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:08,800 Speaker 1: from us much much faster than the speed of light. 362 00:19:08,840 --> 00:19:12,040 Speaker 1: Because it's never like hang out. You can't send a 363 00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:14,160 Speaker 1: message there, you can't ever see it, you can't ever 364 00:19:14,240 --> 00:19:17,760 Speaker 1: go there. And scientifically that's a big problem. Um, not 365 00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:19,520 Speaker 1: because I really want to go to the beaches and 366 00:19:19,560 --> 00:19:22,320 Speaker 1: some other bubble universe, but because if you want to 367 00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:25,359 Speaker 1: prove that it's true, you have to do an experiment, 368 00:19:25,480 --> 00:19:27,200 Speaker 1: you have to find some evidence. You have to do 369 00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:29,280 Speaker 1: you have to have a theory that can be confirmed. 370 00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:32,040 Speaker 1: If if you have a theory that predicts something you 371 00:19:32,040 --> 00:19:35,119 Speaker 1: can never test, and it's not really a scientific theory 372 00:19:35,280 --> 00:19:39,639 Speaker 1: or a useful one. It's it's like, yeah, it's a 373 00:19:39,680 --> 00:19:42,720 Speaker 1: guess and uh, next one theory, maybe were a bubble 374 00:19:42,840 --> 00:19:45,760 Speaker 1: in a sea of other universes. What's another idea for 375 00:19:45,800 --> 00:19:48,399 Speaker 1: what happened before the Big Bang? Well, another idea is 376 00:19:48,480 --> 00:19:52,600 Speaker 1: that maybe there's a cycle, right, maybe the Big Bang 377 00:19:52,840 --> 00:19:56,119 Speaker 1: was caused by a big crunch, right. And to understand that, 378 00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:58,240 Speaker 1: you have to think about sort of the future first, Like, 379 00:19:58,720 --> 00:20:01,720 Speaker 1: so the Big Bang happened, every expands out, and then 380 00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:05,320 Speaker 1: one question is like, are things going to keep expanding? 381 00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:08,280 Speaker 1: We don't really know, but one possibilities they keep expanding 382 00:20:08,280 --> 00:20:10,840 Speaker 1: forever in the universe just sort of drifts out into 383 00:20:10,840 --> 00:20:16,520 Speaker 1: this endlessly cold, boring, bland situation. But another possibility is 384 00:20:16,560 --> 00:20:19,800 Speaker 1: that it slows down, stops, and then falls back in. 385 00:20:20,600 --> 00:20:23,439 Speaker 1: Everything rushes back and gravity pulls everything back into a 386 00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:28,360 Speaker 1: to recreate a hot plate. Yeah, deflation, Well, I think 387 00:20:28,359 --> 00:20:31,320 Speaker 1: you just invented. Can I go back and change it 388 00:20:31,359 --> 00:20:39,280 Speaker 1: to my son's name oliveration. The deflation theory would say 389 00:20:39,320 --> 00:20:42,560 Speaker 1: that the universe comes back, falls and then collapses back 390 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:45,480 Speaker 1: into a little hot mess again, a little hot mess. 391 00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:47,720 Speaker 1: It's like recovering your youth, right, it's like a middle 392 00:20:47,760 --> 00:20:51,760 Speaker 1: age crisis or whatever, and then it just bounces out again. Yeah, 393 00:20:51,800 --> 00:20:53,359 Speaker 1: and that would be a cycle. So a big crunch, 394 00:20:53,440 --> 00:20:56,200 Speaker 1: big bang, big crunch, big bang. That could be big 395 00:20:56,240 --> 00:21:00,960 Speaker 1: bang US, big crunch, big bang again. Maybe somebody else, 396 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:07,640 Speaker 1: somebody else yeah, impossible, impossibly um Yeah. So that that's 397 00:21:07,640 --> 00:21:10,479 Speaker 1: been Another idea is that what happened before is like 398 00:21:10,880 --> 00:21:13,880 Speaker 1: more and more universes. Yeah. And there's something nice about 399 00:21:13,920 --> 00:21:17,439 Speaker 1: that because it explains both that the our universe had 400 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:19,919 Speaker 1: a beginning and also gives you an explanation for what 401 00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:22,120 Speaker 1: happened all the way back to the beginning of time 402 00:21:22,160 --> 00:21:25,080 Speaker 1: because it returns to the possibility of the universe is 403 00:21:25,160 --> 00:21:28,240 Speaker 1: infinitely old, right, because that could have been happening forever. 404 00:21:28,840 --> 00:21:31,200 Speaker 1: It allows you to have this sort of finite length 405 00:21:31,200 --> 00:21:34,879 Speaker 1: of time for our universe without limiting you to finiteness 406 00:21:34,960 --> 00:21:38,160 Speaker 1: for the whole universe, sort of like this time could 407 00:21:38,200 --> 00:21:43,160 Speaker 1: be infinite, but space could be finite. Yeah, that's right. Yeah. 408 00:21:43,440 --> 00:21:46,359 Speaker 1: And that brings us to the last crazy idea, which 409 00:21:46,400 --> 00:21:50,119 Speaker 1: is maybe there was nothing before the Big Bang. I 410 00:21:50,160 --> 00:21:54,760 Speaker 1: mean nothing, not even time. Right. We think space was 411 00:21:54,840 --> 00:21:57,440 Speaker 1: created in the Big Bang, and spaces expanded and all 412 00:21:57,440 --> 00:22:00,640 Speaker 1: that stuff, and so so there could have no time, 413 00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:04,400 Speaker 1: no space before, no space and no time, right, And 414 00:22:04,520 --> 00:22:06,840 Speaker 1: it's hard to even wrap your mind around what that is. 415 00:22:06,880 --> 00:22:09,159 Speaker 1: I mean, we have a hard time imagining, like, what 416 00:22:09,240 --> 00:22:11,639 Speaker 1: will happen after we die? Well, the universe continue without 417 00:22:11,720 --> 00:22:14,680 Speaker 1: us right now, trying to imagine the universe without space 418 00:22:14,720 --> 00:22:17,080 Speaker 1: and time? What does that even mean? And you have 419 00:22:17,119 --> 00:22:19,639 Speaker 1: to think also about what time is itself? Like, what 420 00:22:19,680 --> 00:22:21,960 Speaker 1: does it mean for there to not be time? Right, 421 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:24,239 Speaker 1: there's no time in which there's no time. There's no 422 00:22:24,280 --> 00:22:27,800 Speaker 1: time for that to happen, right, um, And a lot 423 00:22:27,840 --> 00:22:31,160 Speaker 1: of people think about time as sort of the organizing 424 00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:33,440 Speaker 1: principle of the universe. Maybe you've heard of the second 425 00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:36,520 Speaker 1: law of thermodynamics. It tells us that entropy is always 426 00:22:36,520 --> 00:22:39,760 Speaker 1: increasing in the universe, and so they imagine things are 427 00:22:39,800 --> 00:22:43,120 Speaker 1: getting messier, Things are getting messier inward, that's right, getting 428 00:22:43,119 --> 00:22:46,800 Speaker 1: more and more spread out forward in time. And so 429 00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:49,240 Speaker 1: some people think that that is time, that time is 430 00:22:49,320 --> 00:22:52,720 Speaker 1: measured by entropy and created by entropy, and that before 431 00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:54,960 Speaker 1: the Big Bang, if there was if there was nothing, 432 00:22:55,280 --> 00:22:59,199 Speaker 1: no space, then there was no time. And that sounds 433 00:22:59,200 --> 00:23:01,800 Speaker 1: like an odd idea, but in other ways, we're very 434 00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:04,119 Speaker 1: familiar with it. Like you know, if you stand on 435 00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:07,679 Speaker 1: the north pole and you asked which way is north, well, 436 00:23:07,720 --> 00:23:15,600 Speaker 1: there is nothing north. You blew us up. I'm gonna 437 00:23:15,600 --> 00:23:19,760 Speaker 1: write to Stephen Hawking and tell you, um, that's actually 438 00:23:19,800 --> 00:23:21,840 Speaker 1: his his phrases. You know, maybe there's no north of 439 00:23:21,920 --> 00:23:25,840 Speaker 1: north north. There's no before zero time. Yeah, because if 440 00:23:25,840 --> 00:23:28,400 Speaker 1: you're standing on a sphere and you're the north pole 441 00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:32,120 Speaker 1: of it, there's nowhere to go, no more northiness, there's 442 00:23:32,400 --> 00:23:35,159 Speaker 1: no you can't the tape ends when you try to 443 00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:37,480 Speaker 1: rewind it more. That's right, and that's something we're comfortable with. 444 00:23:37,520 --> 00:23:39,520 Speaker 1: We're accepting the fact that a sphere has like a 445 00:23:39,640 --> 00:23:42,920 Speaker 1: limit and edge, and it's reasonable for that there be 446 00:23:43,080 --> 00:23:45,159 Speaker 1: nothing beyond it. But when we think of time, we 447 00:23:45,200 --> 00:23:47,440 Speaker 1: tend to think of in a line, and so we 448 00:23:47,520 --> 00:23:49,680 Speaker 1: want there to be something before it, or at least 449 00:23:49,680 --> 00:23:51,920 Speaker 1: for there to be a reason why it started here 450 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:54,439 Speaker 1: and not somewhere else or some other other you know, 451 00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:58,520 Speaker 1: time or um. It's a very natural, i think idea 452 00:23:58,600 --> 00:24:01,400 Speaker 1: to have intuitively to think that something should have been 453 00:24:01,520 --> 00:24:03,879 Speaker 1: before then. But it could be that there was nothing, 454 00:24:04,080 --> 00:24:06,600 Speaker 1: that the things were created at that moment and there 455 00:24:06,640 --> 00:24:09,399 Speaker 1: was nothing before there, and then we came, Yeah, we 456 00:24:09,560 --> 00:24:13,080 Speaker 1: dropped the mic, we came, we made this podcast, and 457 00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:17,720 Speaker 1: that's the summary of the whole universe in a nutshell. 458 00:24:18,200 --> 00:24:20,440 Speaker 1: And you know, any of those theories. First of all, 459 00:24:20,720 --> 00:24:23,320 Speaker 1: those are very difficult to test, and it's hard to 460 00:24:23,359 --> 00:24:26,520 Speaker 1: imagine how we'll ever know. Right, it might be that 461 00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:30,679 Speaker 1: there aren't any clues in the rubble of the universe 462 00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:32,800 Speaker 1: to tell us which one is, which one is, which 463 00:24:32,840 --> 00:24:35,480 Speaker 1: it might be, Although I'd like to have faith in 464 00:24:35,560 --> 00:24:38,919 Speaker 1: future scientists coming up with clever ideas for ways to 465 00:24:38,960 --> 00:24:41,639 Speaker 1: test these theories which right now seemed possible to test. 466 00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:44,280 Speaker 1: But in the future people can be everybody able to 467 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:48,040 Speaker 1: see beyond the Big Bang. Yeah, maybe maybe they'll find 468 00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:50,960 Speaker 1: some evidence in the current reubble that tells them it 469 00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:52,560 Speaker 1: is this, or is that, or is the other thing? 470 00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:55,919 Speaker 1: But even if you get there, imagine having an answer 471 00:24:55,960 --> 00:24:58,120 Speaker 1: to one of these questions, Right, what do you think 472 00:24:58,160 --> 00:25:00,840 Speaker 1: knowing what happened before the Big Bang would tell you like, 473 00:25:00,880 --> 00:25:03,479 Speaker 1: how would how would it change your life? I think 474 00:25:03,520 --> 00:25:05,640 Speaker 1: it would change everybody's life. I think it's a kind 475 00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:10,040 Speaker 1: of knowledge that would filter into like the global consciousness. 476 00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:12,880 Speaker 1: Think about how quantum mechanics has changed the way people 477 00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:16,080 Speaker 1: think about things. But there's randomness in the universe, or 478 00:25:16,160 --> 00:25:19,320 Speaker 1: the universe is not following a fixed set of rules, 479 00:25:19,600 --> 00:25:21,720 Speaker 1: but that those rules have fuzz in them. You think 480 00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:25,720 Speaker 1: it's It's changed the global consciousness way absolutely, and not 481 00:25:25,760 --> 00:25:28,399 Speaker 1: just in New a g people who you know, but 482 00:25:28,480 --> 00:25:31,000 Speaker 1: in everybody thinking about the universe is being a little 483 00:25:31,040 --> 00:25:39,159 Speaker 1: different from what they imagined. Do you have a question 484 00:25:39,160 --> 00:25:41,720 Speaker 1: you wish we would cover. We love to hear from you. 485 00:25:41,720 --> 00:25:44,080 Speaker 1: You can find us at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at 486 00:25:44,119 --> 00:25:47,200 Speaker 1: Daniel and Jorge That's one word, or email us at 487 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:54,080 Speaker 1: Feedback at Daniel and Jorge dot com.