1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,000 Speaker 1: Hey, everyone. Technically you're getting two days in History today 2 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:05,680 Speaker 1: because we were running two episodes from the History Vault. 3 00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:08,880 Speaker 1: You'll also hear two hosts, me and Tracy V. Wilson. 4 00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:16,079 Speaker 1: Hope you enjoy. Welcome to this Day in History class. 5 00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:19,759 Speaker 1: It's July. The New York Draft riots began on this 6 00:00:19,840 --> 00:00:22,840 Speaker 1: day in eighteen sixty three, and as that name suggests, 7 00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:25,520 Speaker 1: this was about the draft, but it was also about 8 00:00:25,600 --> 00:00:30,520 Speaker 1: racism and a range of socioeconomic conditions. In the eighteen sixties, 9 00:00:30,640 --> 00:00:34,319 Speaker 1: recent immigrants from Germany and Ireland made up a lot 10 00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:37,160 Speaker 1: of New York City's working class, and this was particularly 11 00:00:37,159 --> 00:00:40,639 Speaker 1: true of Irish immigrants. After the Great Famine in Ireland, 12 00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:43,080 Speaker 1: people had moved to the United States and other places 13 00:00:43,080 --> 00:00:47,080 Speaker 1: and really large numbers. Close to a quarter of New 14 00:00:47,159 --> 00:00:50,880 Speaker 1: York City residents at this time were from Ireland. These 15 00:00:50,920 --> 00:00:54,040 Speaker 1: people were mostly very poor. Most of them were making 16 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:57,560 Speaker 1: a living doing manual labor things like digging ditches and 17 00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:00,600 Speaker 1: paving roads. They were not making a lot of money. 18 00:01:00,640 --> 00:01:03,800 Speaker 1: They didn't necessarily have a very secure job. And this 19 00:01:03,960 --> 00:01:07,160 Speaker 1: was happening during the Civil War, and at first most 20 00:01:07,200 --> 00:01:10,280 Speaker 1: of these people supported the war, but that started to 21 00:01:10,319 --> 00:01:13,160 Speaker 1: shift as the war progressed as people started to lose 22 00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:16,679 Speaker 1: friends and family members who were killed in battle. Also, 23 00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:22,160 Speaker 1: the Emancipation Proclamation shifted people's opinions. That was the proclamation 24 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:26,319 Speaker 1: that freed all enslaved people in the rebelling States. And 25 00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:30,120 Speaker 1: so these workers in New York became really fearful that 26 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:32,880 Speaker 1: people who had been liberated in the South were going 27 00:01:32,959 --> 00:01:35,440 Speaker 1: to move to New York and basically take their jobs, 28 00:01:35,520 --> 00:01:38,800 Speaker 1: or at least be competing for the same jobs. Then 29 00:01:39,280 --> 00:01:43,039 Speaker 1: Congress passed the Enrollment Act on March three of eighteen 30 00:01:43,080 --> 00:01:46,560 Speaker 1: sixty three, and this set up a wartime draft for 31 00:01:46,600 --> 00:01:49,720 Speaker 1: the Civil War. Unless you could find a substitute to 32 00:01:49,720 --> 00:01:52,600 Speaker 1: go in your place or pay a three hundred dollar fee, 33 00:01:52,840 --> 00:01:55,200 Speaker 1: if you were a man between the ages of twenty 34 00:01:55,240 --> 00:01:58,320 Speaker 1: and forty five, you were subject to the draft. These 35 00:01:58,320 --> 00:02:02,680 Speaker 1: working class immigrants were outraged. Now they were going to 36 00:02:02,720 --> 00:02:06,320 Speaker 1: be forced to go to war before it had been voluntary. 37 00:02:06,360 --> 00:02:08,720 Speaker 1: And by this point in the war, one of the 38 00:02:08,760 --> 00:02:12,400 Speaker 1: outcomes that the Union was working towards was the abolition 39 00:02:12,440 --> 00:02:16,440 Speaker 1: of slavery. So if slavery were abolished, that would mean 40 00:02:16,600 --> 00:02:20,560 Speaker 1: even more liberated people coming to New York City and 41 00:02:20,760 --> 00:02:24,160 Speaker 1: fighting for the same jobs. So people who were barely 42 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:27,480 Speaker 1: making a living doing manual labor. They also could not 43 00:02:27,600 --> 00:02:30,440 Speaker 1: afford to pay three hundred dollars to get out of 44 00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:33,480 Speaker 1: being drafted. When troops left New York City to go 45 00:02:33,560 --> 00:02:37,160 Speaker 1: fight at Gettysburg, that left the city pretty much undefended. 46 00:02:37,720 --> 00:02:40,200 Speaker 1: And then on July eleven of eighteen sixty three, the 47 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:43,400 Speaker 1: draft lottery took place for the first time. People who 48 00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:45,880 Speaker 1: were drafted that day or who knew people that were 49 00:02:45,919 --> 00:02:50,080 Speaker 1: drafted that day, met up in saloons and taverns and 50 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:55,160 Speaker 1: meeting houses and started talking about how they could fight back. 51 00:02:55,760 --> 00:02:58,200 Speaker 1: Another lottery was supposed to take place a couple of 52 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:01,400 Speaker 1: days later, on Monday, the third teenth, and they started 53 00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:04,200 Speaker 1: talking about how they could stop the lottery from happening. 54 00:03:04,720 --> 00:03:08,560 Speaker 1: One they went to the Prost Marshal's office, and the 55 00:03:08,600 --> 00:03:12,839 Speaker 1: people who went there to demonstrate included German speaking artisans. 56 00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:16,840 Speaker 1: There were volunteer firemen. Most of them were not actually immigrants, 57 00:03:16,919 --> 00:03:18,800 Speaker 1: most of them had been born in the United States. 58 00:03:19,400 --> 00:03:22,640 Speaker 1: A lot of Irish laborers were part of this group, 59 00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:25,440 Speaker 1: and there were women in the group as well. The 60 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:28,359 Speaker 1: draft lottery was to start at ten thirty, and they 61 00:03:28,440 --> 00:03:32,520 Speaker 1: interrupted the lottery and they actually set fire to the building. 62 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:37,240 Speaker 1: The riots spread from there. It started explicitly targeting black 63 00:03:37,240 --> 00:03:41,200 Speaker 1: people and Republicans. The Republican Party had been founded to 64 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:46,200 Speaker 1: abolish slavery. They started looting merchants and stores. Part of 65 00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:48,120 Speaker 1: this was just to loot, but part of it was 66 00:03:48,160 --> 00:03:50,800 Speaker 1: also to try to get revenge on the wealthy, those 67 00:03:50,840 --> 00:03:54,000 Speaker 1: wealthy people who could afford that three hundred dollars to 68 00:03:54,080 --> 00:03:56,680 Speaker 1: get out of fighting in the war. This riot went 69 00:03:56,720 --> 00:04:00,920 Speaker 1: on for four days. There were some groups switched sides, 70 00:04:00,960 --> 00:04:04,880 Speaker 1: like the Volunteer Fireman started trying to quell the raid. 71 00:04:05,320 --> 00:04:10,000 Speaker 1: The people riding for most of it were primarily Irish immigrants. 72 00:04:10,360 --> 00:04:13,800 Speaker 1: Among the looting and the targeting of of the black 73 00:04:13,840 --> 00:04:18,800 Speaker 1: population and of Republicans, they burned down the Colored Orphan Asylum. 74 00:04:18,839 --> 00:04:21,960 Speaker 1: They targeted black residents and their homes and their property. 75 00:04:22,320 --> 00:04:25,040 Speaker 1: They also kept targeting businesses to try to get revenge 76 00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:28,080 Speaker 1: on the wealthy. A man named Abraham Franklin, who was 77 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:32,560 Speaker 1: a disabled black coachman, was hanged. Eventually, both the New 78 00:04:32,640 --> 00:04:35,320 Speaker 1: York National Guard and the police were involved, and those 79 00:04:35,360 --> 00:04:37,440 Speaker 1: troops that had been sent from New York City to 80 00:04:37,520 --> 00:04:40,960 Speaker 1: fight in Gettysburg were called back to try to stop 81 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:44,080 Speaker 1: the violence. It was only after that happened that the 82 00:04:44,160 --> 00:04:47,520 Speaker 1: riot subsided. This cause between one point five million and 83 00:04:47,560 --> 00:04:50,640 Speaker 1: two million dollars in property damage, and it was August 84 00:04:50,760 --> 00:04:53,320 Speaker 1: before the draft was really being enforced in New York City. 85 00:04:53,720 --> 00:04:55,960 Speaker 1: You could learn more about the New York Draft riots 86 00:04:55,960 --> 00:04:59,840 Speaker 1: in the April eleven episode of Stuffy Miss and History Class, 87 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:02,440 Speaker 1: and you can subscribe to This Day in History Class 88 00:05:02,440 --> 00:05:05,680 Speaker 1: on Apple podcasts, Google podcasts, and whatever else you get 89 00:05:05,720 --> 00:05:09,000 Speaker 1: your podcasts. And tomorrow's show, we have somebody who's often 90 00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:16,160 Speaker 1: referred to as a queen, although she was not actually royalty. 91 00:05:19,920 --> 00:05:23,960 Speaker 1: Hey guys, welcome to this Day in History Class, where 92 00:05:23,960 --> 00:05:30,760 Speaker 1: we bring you a new tidbit from history every day. 93 00:05:34,560 --> 00:05:39,800 Speaker 1: The day was Duly nineteen thirty, the first FIFA World Cup, 94 00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:43,680 Speaker 1: the world championship from men's national soccer teams, began in 95 00:05:43,760 --> 00:05:49,200 Speaker 1: monte Video, Uruguay. FIFA, or the International Federation of Association Football, 96 00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:54,080 Speaker 1: is the international governing body for soccer. In nine Fiefless 97 00:05:54,120 --> 00:05:56,960 Speaker 1: Congress voted to hold a World championship for soccer. In 98 00:05:57,080 --> 00:06:02,520 Speaker 1: nineteen thirty, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Spain all expressed 99 00:06:02,520 --> 00:06:06,000 Speaker 1: interest in hosting the Championship, but Uruguay was willing to 100 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:09,280 Speaker 1: pay for travel and hotel expenses and to build a 101 00:06:09,279 --> 00:06:13,240 Speaker 1: new stadium. Uruguay had also won the gold medal for 102 00:06:13,279 --> 00:06:16,520 Speaker 1: soccer or football as people outside of the US call it, 103 00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:20,280 Speaker 1: in the nineteen twenty four and nineteen eight Summer Olympics. 104 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:24,520 Speaker 1: Plus nineteen thirty would mark the one d anniversary of 105 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:29,280 Speaker 1: the adoption of Uruguay's first constitution. At the nineteen twenty 106 00:06:29,400 --> 00:06:33,080 Speaker 1: nine FIFA Congress in Barcelona, Uruguay was confirmed as the 107 00:06:33,080 --> 00:06:36,679 Speaker 1: hosting country. The first World Cup would be the only 108 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:41,520 Speaker 1: without qualifications teams were invited. At the time, the Great 109 00:06:41,560 --> 00:06:45,320 Speaker 1: Depression was affecting economies all around the world. Many European 110 00:06:45,360 --> 00:06:47,599 Speaker 1: players were not able to or did not want to 111 00:06:47,640 --> 00:06:50,800 Speaker 1: make the trip to South America to participate in the championship. 112 00:06:51,200 --> 00:06:53,320 Speaker 1: Soccer did not earn them a living, and they were 113 00:06:53,360 --> 00:06:55,599 Speaker 1: afraid they would lose their jobs if they were away 114 00:06:55,640 --> 00:06:59,360 Speaker 1: for too long. Though many European teams did not take 115 00:06:59,360 --> 00:07:02,200 Speaker 1: part in the World World Cup, the president of FIFA 116 00:07:02,240 --> 00:07:06,359 Speaker 1: at the time, July Rimay, got Belgium, France, Romania and 117 00:07:06,440 --> 00:07:11,160 Speaker 1: Yugoslavia to participate. The King of Romania personally selected the 118 00:07:11,200 --> 00:07:14,280 Speaker 1: team members for the tournament and guaranteed their jobs would 119 00:07:14,280 --> 00:07:21,600 Speaker 1: still be there when they returned home. Mexico, the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, 120 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:25,640 Speaker 1: Pedaguay and Peru also participated in the World Cup, bringing 121 00:07:25,640 --> 00:07:29,400 Speaker 1: the total number of competing teams to thirteen. All the 122 00:07:29,440 --> 00:07:34,960 Speaker 1: European teams besides Yugoslavia, left Barcelona on June two, nineteen thirty, 123 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:38,600 Speaker 1: on the s S conte Verde. The Yugoslavian team left 124 00:07:38,600 --> 00:07:42,200 Speaker 1: on its own on the MS Florida. The conte Verde 125 00:07:42,240 --> 00:07:45,800 Speaker 1: picked up the Brazilian players in Rio and stopped at Santos. 126 00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:50,040 Speaker 1: On July four, they arrived in Monte Budeo. Construction began 127 00:07:50,080 --> 00:07:52,520 Speaker 1: on the stadium built specifically for the World Cup, called 128 00:07:52,640 --> 00:07:56,680 Speaker 1: Estadio Centennario, in July of nineteen nine, but it was 129 00:07:56,720 --> 00:07:59,080 Speaker 1: still not finished by the time the World Cup began 130 00:07:59,160 --> 00:08:02,200 Speaker 1: on July third, teenh and the first match wasn't held 131 00:08:02,200 --> 00:08:06,320 Speaker 1: in the stadium until days later. The first games, France 132 00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:09,520 Speaker 1: versus Mexico and the US versus Belgium, were held that 133 00:08:09,600 --> 00:08:13,160 Speaker 1: day at the Positos and part Casententral stadiums in Monte Video. 134 00:08:14,080 --> 00:08:17,880 Speaker 1: Francis Lucien Laurent scored the first ever World Cup gold 135 00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:22,520 Speaker 1: nineteen minutes into the game. France beat Mexico for the 136 00:08:22,640 --> 00:08:26,960 Speaker 1: one in the US beat Belgium three to zero. Controversy 137 00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:30,960 Speaker 1: arose when referees ended France's second game versus Argentina six 138 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:34,360 Speaker 1: minutes early. The official brought the teams back to finish 139 00:08:34,400 --> 00:08:39,079 Speaker 1: the game and Argentina won one to zero. Argentina and 140 00:08:39,080 --> 00:08:42,160 Speaker 1: the United States went up against each other in the semifinals, 141 00:08:42,400 --> 00:08:46,720 Speaker 1: which Argentina won six to one. The final, Argentina versus 142 00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:51,440 Speaker 1: Uruguay took place on July Somewhere between sixty eight thousand 143 00:08:51,520 --> 00:08:54,280 Speaker 1: and ninety thousand spectators were in the audience at the 144 00:08:54,400 --> 00:08:59,880 Speaker 1: Stadio Centcinnatio. Uruguay beat Argentina four to two, with Argentinianica 145 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:03,240 Speaker 1: Throw scoring a minute before the match ended. The trophy 146 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:06,160 Speaker 1: that Uruguay received was designed by a French gold gum 147 00:09:06,280 --> 00:09:10,800 Speaker 1: named Albert la. The first FIFA Women's World Cup was 148 00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:15,160 Speaker 1: held in nine though other unofficial international tournaments had been 149 00:09:15,240 --> 00:09:20,320 Speaker 1: held already starting in nineteen seventy. I'm Eve Jeff Cote, 150 00:09:20,360 --> 00:09:22,679 Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today 151 00:09:22,960 --> 00:09:26,880 Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. If you have any burning questions 152 00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:31,040 Speaker 1: or comments to tell us. You can find us on Twitter, Instagram, 153 00:09:31,200 --> 00:09:37,320 Speaker 1: and Facebook at t D i h D podcast. We'll 154 00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:50,000 Speaker 1: see you tomorrow. For more podcasts from I Heeart Radio, 155 00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:52,719 Speaker 1: visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 156 00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:53,920 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.