1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:02,880 Speaker 1: Guess what mango? What's that will? So you may remember 2 00:00:02,880 --> 00:00:05,119 Speaker 1: a couple of years ago when an artist named Elizabeth 3 00:00:05,120 --> 00:00:07,840 Speaker 1: Butcher got a ton of attention for this special shower 4 00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:11,280 Speaker 1: curtain she designed. You'd be standing there just enjoying a nice, 5 00:00:11,280 --> 00:00:15,080 Speaker 1: warm shower, but if you didn't stay focused, after four minutes, 6 00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:18,240 Speaker 1: you'd start to notice these soft spikes inflating around you, 7 00:00:18,600 --> 00:00:22,160 Speaker 1: and before you knew it, you'd be surrounded by them. Yeah, 8 00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:25,400 Speaker 1: I'm so guilty of long showers, but I love that thing. 9 00:00:25,480 --> 00:00:28,160 Speaker 1: I meet me too. And these were obviously not sharp spikes. 10 00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:30,800 Speaker 1: But the idea of Spiky, as it was called, was 11 00:00:30,840 --> 00:00:32,880 Speaker 1: to crowd the shower after you've been in there long 12 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:35,720 Speaker 1: enough and encourage you to wrap things up. And I 13 00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:38,320 Speaker 1: just thought it was so funny. But Beaucher designed a 14 00:00:38,360 --> 00:00:41,600 Speaker 1: shower curtain that would also slowly squeeze and trap you. 15 00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:43,440 Speaker 1: This was a different one. I guess this was like 16 00:00:43,479 --> 00:00:46,240 Speaker 1: an area of expertise or hers. And so I started 17 00:00:46,280 --> 00:00:48,440 Speaker 1: thinking about Spiky the other day, and I wondered if 18 00:00:48,440 --> 00:00:52,000 Speaker 1: this ever actually became a real product. Unfortunately, when I 19 00:00:52,080 --> 00:00:54,800 Speaker 1: searched for shower curtains with spikes, I found dozens of 20 00:00:54,840 --> 00:00:58,120 Speaker 1: options for curtains with cacti on them, but not the 21 00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:01,000 Speaker 1: spiky I was looking for. But even if this didn't 22 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:03,280 Speaker 1: become a real product, it was a fun way to 23 00:01:03,280 --> 00:01:06,039 Speaker 1: make people think about water usage and the very real 24 00:01:06,120 --> 00:01:09,920 Speaker 1: water issues the planets facing today and those issues along 25 00:01:09,959 --> 00:01:12,479 Speaker 1: with the solution scientists are trying so hard to find 26 00:01:12,680 --> 00:01:14,920 Speaker 1: or exactly what we'll be talking about today, So let's 27 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:34,560 Speaker 1: get started a their podcast. Listeners, welcome to Part Time Genius. 28 00:01:34,640 --> 00:01:36,600 Speaker 1: I'm Will Pearson and as always I'm joined by my 29 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:39,119 Speaker 1: good friend man guest shot Ticketter. A few weeks ago, 30 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:42,280 Speaker 1: we published an episode titled Can We Feed ten Billion? 31 00:01:42,840 --> 00:01:44,600 Speaker 1: If you didn't hear it was an episode focused on 32 00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:46,680 Speaker 1: many of the efforts being made to feed a rapidly 33 00:01:46,760 --> 00:01:50,640 Speaker 1: growing global population. Well after the episode ran, we heard 34 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:52,760 Speaker 1: from several listeners asking if we would do a similar 35 00:01:52,760 --> 00:01:55,280 Speaker 1: one but focused on water. Well, there's no question the 36 00:01:55,320 --> 00:01:57,760 Speaker 1: future of water and our access to clean water is 37 00:01:57,800 --> 00:01:59,920 Speaker 1: a major issue, So much like we did in the 38 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:02,160 Speaker 1: Feeding the World episode, we'll be talking about many of 39 00:02:02,160 --> 00:02:05,840 Speaker 1: the attempts to find solutions. We have some really interesting guests, 40 00:02:05,880 --> 00:02:09,160 Speaker 1: like we've got Martin Reese, who's the world's most respected 41 00:02:09,160 --> 00:02:12,880 Speaker 1: water Somalia water Somalia I have to have Before this episode, 42 00:02:12,919 --> 00:02:15,440 Speaker 1: I did not know that job existed. Well, he's actually 43 00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:18,320 Speaker 1: the only one certified in the US, and he is 44 00:02:18,400 --> 00:02:21,720 Speaker 1: so enthusiastic. And we'll also be talking to Florence Metz, 45 00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:24,000 Speaker 1: who is the winner of the two thousand fifteen Dancer 46 00:02:24,080 --> 00:02:27,880 Speaker 1: PhD contest, which I'm just so excited to talk to 47 00:02:27,919 --> 00:02:30,000 Speaker 1: her as well. And have you seen this competition. I 48 00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:33,080 Speaker 1: love this competition. Actually you kind of have to see 49 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:36,120 Speaker 1: the submissions to understand it fully, but it's pretty much 50 00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:39,120 Speaker 1: exactly what it sounds. You get all these PhD candidates 51 00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:42,040 Speaker 1: and they submit these dance videos that help explain the 52 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:44,560 Speaker 1: research that they're doing. It's pretty awesome. I know, I want, 53 00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:46,919 Speaker 1: like PBS to do a reality show based on this. 54 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:48,480 Speaker 1: And I was like, so I could think your dance. 55 00:02:48,919 --> 00:02:52,120 Speaker 1: So Florence's research was about government policy and its effects 56 00:02:52,200 --> 00:02:56,320 Speaker 1: on water quality, and it's super sophisticated. Oh that's great. 57 00:02:56,720 --> 00:02:58,560 Speaker 1: All right, Well, I know we'll be talking about solutions 58 00:02:58,560 --> 00:03:00,320 Speaker 1: in a bit, but I think we have to start 59 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:02,960 Speaker 1: with the numbers and why this is a very real issue. 60 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:04,839 Speaker 1: And now, Mango, I know you pulled several of these 61 00:03:04,840 --> 00:03:06,840 Speaker 1: so why don't you tell us what you found. Yeah, 62 00:03:06,880 --> 00:03:09,760 Speaker 1: So here's a quick rundown on the stats I I located. 63 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:13,240 Speaker 1: So the Atlantic reported that the global middle class will 64 00:03:13,240 --> 00:03:15,760 Speaker 1: start from one point eight to four point nine billion 65 00:03:15,800 --> 00:03:18,760 Speaker 1: by which will lead to a serious rise in fresh 66 00:03:18,760 --> 00:03:22,080 Speaker 1: water consumption. That's a huge increase. Yeah, and combine that 67 00:03:22,120 --> 00:03:24,880 Speaker 1: with the fact that by there will be an estimated 68 00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:27,639 Speaker 1: one point eight billion people living in areas plagued by 69 00:03:27,639 --> 00:03:31,200 Speaker 1: water scarcity, and two thirds of the world's population will 70 00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:34,320 Speaker 1: be living in water stressed regions. Plus the demand for 71 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:36,840 Speaker 1: water is expected to grow by more than fifty over 72 00:03:36,880 --> 00:03:39,960 Speaker 1: the next thirty years. I mean, those numbers are just staggering. 73 00:03:40,400 --> 00:03:43,320 Speaker 1: And these issues affect people in more ways than one, right, 74 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:46,160 Speaker 1: I mean, like water scarcity can threaten the political stability 75 00:03:46,200 --> 00:03:48,600 Speaker 1: of regions. And we won't really get into this, but 76 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:52,520 Speaker 1: water access isn't really fair. Like, right now, more than 77 00:03:52,560 --> 00:03:55,840 Speaker 1: six million people are without access to safe water, and 78 00:03:55,880 --> 00:03:58,600 Speaker 1: more than one point five billion or accessing a source 79 00:03:58,640 --> 00:04:02,760 Speaker 1: that's contaminated by feces. And this is a little different. 80 00:04:02,800 --> 00:04:04,200 Speaker 1: But at the end of the movie, I don't know 81 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:06,160 Speaker 1: if you remember this, but the Big Short, there's this 82 00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:09,760 Speaker 1: ominous line about Dr Michael Blurry, one of the investors 83 00:04:09,760 --> 00:04:12,320 Speaker 1: who saw the mortgage collapse coming, and how he's only 84 00:04:12,360 --> 00:04:16,240 Speaker 1: investing in water, which isn't exactly true. He's not buying 85 00:04:16,320 --> 00:04:19,200 Speaker 1: up water rights, but he is using water scarcity as 86 00:04:19,240 --> 00:04:22,400 Speaker 1: a way to guide his investment decisions, which is fascinating. 87 00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:26,080 Speaker 1: And all those are striking and and honestly very concerning numbers. 88 00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:28,080 Speaker 1: But let's bring this back to the US for just 89 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:30,240 Speaker 1: a minute. So a few years ago, there was this 90 00:04:30,320 --> 00:04:33,560 Speaker 1: really interesting book published called The Big Thirst, The Secret 91 00:04:33,600 --> 00:04:36,320 Speaker 1: Life and Turbulent Future of Water, and it was by 92 00:04:36,320 --> 00:04:39,160 Speaker 1: a reporter named Charles Fishman. You and I have talked 93 00:04:39,200 --> 00:04:41,240 Speaker 1: about this before, and it really helped us see what 94 00:04:41,320 --> 00:04:43,640 Speaker 1: water uses like in the US and how it's a 95 00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:47,040 Speaker 1: resource that's completely taken for granted. Yeah, there's a fascinating 96 00:04:47,040 --> 00:04:50,000 Speaker 1: section earlier in the book that talks about study that 97 00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:52,960 Speaker 1: looked at how Americans flush and the research team in 98 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:55,640 Speaker 1: the study used electronic water flow sensors and over a 99 00:04:55,680 --> 00:04:58,520 Speaker 1: dozen cities to keep track of water and how it 100 00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:00,680 Speaker 1: was being used over the course of a mon And 101 00:05:00,760 --> 00:05:03,440 Speaker 1: even though the study is nearly two decades old now, 102 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:06,440 Speaker 1: it was considered so extensive and detailed that the e 103 00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:08,640 Speaker 1: p A still looks at it as this like pretty 104 00:05:08,640 --> 00:05:11,240 Speaker 1: clear view on how we use water in the States. Yeah, 105 00:05:11,240 --> 00:05:13,520 Speaker 1: they looked at pretty much every way we use water, 106 00:05:13,600 --> 00:05:17,160 Speaker 1: whether it's taking baths or washing clothes, using the dishwasher, 107 00:05:17,600 --> 00:05:20,400 Speaker 1: and how often we flush the toilet, And as Fishman notes, 108 00:05:20,480 --> 00:05:23,800 Speaker 1: the studies overall conclusion can be summed up in four words. 109 00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:28,120 Speaker 1: We like to flush. I mean, it's really crazy, isn't it. Yeah, 110 00:05:28,160 --> 00:05:30,600 Speaker 1: for Americans, it's by far the biggest way we use 111 00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:33,480 Speaker 1: water in our homes, more than cooking or bathing or 112 00:05:33,520 --> 00:05:36,320 Speaker 1: even washing our clothes. The study found that the average 113 00:05:36,320 --> 00:05:40,119 Speaker 1: American flushes the toilet five times a day and uses 114 00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:43,520 Speaker 1: over eighteen gallons in this process. So, if you're gonna 115 00:05:43,560 --> 00:05:46,720 Speaker 1: like put that in perspective, that's nearly six billion gallons 116 00:05:46,720 --> 00:05:50,039 Speaker 1: of water flushed every day. I mean, when you consider 117 00:05:50,120 --> 00:05:52,799 Speaker 1: that there are six million people without access to water 118 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:55,960 Speaker 1: who use only honestly, like five liters a day, and 119 00:05:56,000 --> 00:06:00,200 Speaker 1: we're using seventy just to flush our toilets, it's completely insane. 120 00:06:00,760 --> 00:06:03,960 Speaker 1: And uh, it's even more insane when you consider that 121 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:06,200 Speaker 1: the fact that the water we're flushing is cleaner than 122 00:06:06,240 --> 00:06:09,119 Speaker 1: most people get to drink right right. And while that's true, 123 00:06:09,160 --> 00:06:11,280 Speaker 1: that definitely doesn't mean we don't have our own water 124 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:14,360 Speaker 1: sanitation issues to deal with here. You know, there was 125 00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:16,880 Speaker 1: the tragic news out a flint, of course, but a 126 00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:20,760 Speaker 1: report from the NRDC looked at fifty two thousand community 127 00:06:20,839 --> 00:06:24,159 Speaker 1: drinking water systems across the country and what they found 128 00:06:24,240 --> 00:06:27,000 Speaker 1: was that a third of those had reported violations of 129 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,040 Speaker 1: the Safe Drinking Water Act. So this affects something like 130 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:33,880 Speaker 1: seventy seven million people in the country, which is so troubling. 131 00:06:34,279 --> 00:06:36,400 Speaker 1: And by the way, all this talk of flushing made 132 00:06:36,400 --> 00:06:38,800 Speaker 1: me remember a story from about seven or eight years ago. 133 00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:42,159 Speaker 1: This guy Anton Stookie, who is the head of a 134 00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:45,880 Speaker 1: German sewage treatment plant, started piping in classical music while 135 00:06:45,920 --> 00:06:49,640 Speaker 1: he worked this yeah, and he realized that Mozart specifically 136 00:06:49,720 --> 00:06:52,080 Speaker 1: was stimulating the microbes that were cleaning the water, and 137 00:06:52,120 --> 00:06:56,200 Speaker 1: it made them work faster. And apparently they responded particularly 138 00:06:56,200 --> 00:06:59,200 Speaker 1: well to the magic flute. I mean, who doesn't. But 139 00:06:59,279 --> 00:07:01,560 Speaker 1: before we leave the topic of water usage, we should 140 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:04,200 Speaker 1: note that whild toilet flushing is the number one use 141 00:07:04,240 --> 00:07:07,120 Speaker 1: of water in the home. The biggest consumption of water 142 00:07:07,160 --> 00:07:10,480 Speaker 1: in the country comes from power plants like our utilities 143 00:07:10,560 --> 00:07:14,360 Speaker 1: use about seven times more water than Americans using their homes. 144 00:07:14,360 --> 00:07:17,760 Speaker 1: And this is about two billion gallons of water each day. 145 00:07:18,320 --> 00:07:21,080 Speaker 1: And we're not just talking hydroelectric power. This is the 146 00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:24,840 Speaker 1: water needed for coal and gas and nuclear power plants 147 00:07:24,840 --> 00:07:28,320 Speaker 1: and processes like cooling. Nearly half of the water used 148 00:07:28,320 --> 00:07:30,680 Speaker 1: in the US is coming from power plants. Yeah. One 149 00:07:30,680 --> 00:07:32,640 Speaker 1: of the things Fishman talks about in his book is 150 00:07:32,680 --> 00:07:34,680 Speaker 1: how a big part of the problem with water usage 151 00:07:34,680 --> 00:07:38,080 Speaker 1: in the US is that water is largely invisible. But 152 00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:40,400 Speaker 1: luckily you don't have to panic. There are some incredible 153 00:07:40,440 --> 00:07:42,760 Speaker 1: solutions on the horizon. But before we get to those, 154 00:07:42,840 --> 00:07:50,440 Speaker 1: let's break for a quiz. So, Omega, who do we 155 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:52,600 Speaker 1: have the line? Today? We've got the winner of the 156 00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:56,760 Speaker 1: two thousand fifteen Dancer PhD contest, Florence Mets, and she's 157 00:07:56,840 --> 00:07:59,680 Speaker 1: joining us from the University of Verne in Switzerland. All right, 158 00:07:59,720 --> 00:08:02,720 Speaker 1: well into part time genius. Florence, thank you very much 159 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:05,840 Speaker 1: for having me in your So for those of you 160 00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:09,520 Speaker 1: who have never seen the dance your PhD contest, you've 161 00:08:09,520 --> 00:08:12,920 Speaker 1: definitely been missing something awesome. There's some great videos you 162 00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:15,440 Speaker 1: really need to google. Florence. Is that if you just 163 00:08:15,560 --> 00:08:18,120 Speaker 1: google Florence Mets. The last name is EMM E. T Z. 164 00:08:18,920 --> 00:08:21,640 Speaker 1: It's a terrific video. But we'll talk a little bit 165 00:08:21,640 --> 00:08:23,880 Speaker 1: about that. But Florence, before we jump into that, why 166 00:08:23,920 --> 00:08:26,080 Speaker 1: don't you tell us a little bit about your research. 167 00:08:26,120 --> 00:08:28,760 Speaker 1: You know, we've been doing this episode on the future 168 00:08:28,800 --> 00:08:31,840 Speaker 1: of water and and obviously your your research was relevant 169 00:08:31,840 --> 00:08:33,839 Speaker 1: to this, but tell us a little bit about it. Yes, So, 170 00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:40,080 Speaker 1: my research is about corporation in politics, and I took 171 00:08:40,080 --> 00:08:45,560 Speaker 1: the example of water protection policies where there's new um 172 00:08:45,800 --> 00:08:50,320 Speaker 1: new pollutants that are called emerging pollutants on micro pollutants 173 00:08:50,360 --> 00:08:53,520 Speaker 1: because they're in the water in very small concentrations, and 174 00:08:53,920 --> 00:08:56,720 Speaker 1: until now we didn't really know whether that they are 175 00:08:56,760 --> 00:09:00,400 Speaker 1: in the water. But because technology improved, we can now 176 00:09:00,559 --> 00:09:07,079 Speaker 1: find pollutants in very small concentrations, for example, from um medication, 177 00:09:07,960 --> 00:09:14,080 Speaker 1: from cleaning agents, from all types of cosmetics. And the 178 00:09:14,200 --> 00:09:19,160 Speaker 1: question really is does it matter to have these pollutants 179 00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:24,360 Speaker 1: and water in these small concentrations, and how can we 180 00:09:24,440 --> 00:09:28,080 Speaker 1: agree on a political solution. So Fors, how did you 181 00:09:28,120 --> 00:09:30,319 Speaker 1: decide to enter this contest? Did you just feel it 182 00:09:30,360 --> 00:09:34,520 Speaker 1: would naturally be communicated and dance form well? I once 183 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:40,400 Speaker 1: heard about a colleague who participated in the Dancer PDD contest, 184 00:09:40,480 --> 00:09:43,520 Speaker 1: and first of all, I could really believe that this exists. 185 00:09:43,520 --> 00:09:46,720 Speaker 1: The business a thing, and then um, I watched a 186 00:09:46,720 --> 00:09:51,400 Speaker 1: few a few videos and I just thought it's such 187 00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:54,000 Speaker 1: a funny idea of such a cool idea, And because 188 00:09:54,040 --> 00:09:56,880 Speaker 1: I love dancing and I do this since I can 189 00:09:57,200 --> 00:10:01,080 Speaker 1: practically walk, and I also love um research, so I 190 00:10:01,120 --> 00:10:03,480 Speaker 1: thought it would be a cool way of combining both 191 00:10:03,559 --> 00:10:06,720 Speaker 1: of my interests. Did you have any other favorites from 192 00:10:06,760 --> 00:10:09,360 Speaker 1: the from the competition that you feel we should check out. 193 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:15,000 Speaker 1: There is a video on the mating behavior of fruit flies. 194 00:10:15,280 --> 00:10:18,800 Speaker 1: I think that is really creative because the dance that 195 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:22,400 Speaker 1: they do kind of transports the well, how how this 196 00:10:22,559 --> 00:10:26,840 Speaker 1: can possibly work? So I also really liked the video 197 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:30,679 Speaker 1: from the year before the year one, which was two thousand, 198 00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:34,840 Speaker 1: so from two thousand and fourteen, that was somebody explaining 199 00:10:34,840 --> 00:10:39,880 Speaker 1: in chemistry how to make my knees with less that 200 00:10:41,160 --> 00:10:44,520 Speaker 1: he's very creative. It was actually a little source of 201 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:48,360 Speaker 1: inspiration for my video. Because you are clearly a talented dancer, 202 00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:50,720 Speaker 1: I don't think you'll have any problem with this quiz. 203 00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:52,720 Speaker 1: What are we playing today? With Florence Mango. It's a 204 00:10:52,720 --> 00:10:55,280 Speaker 1: game called So you Think you Know Dance, and it's 205 00:10:55,320 --> 00:10:59,480 Speaker 1: a true false about important moments in dance history. All right, 206 00:10:59,559 --> 00:11:03,000 Speaker 1: here we go, Florence. Are you ready? Yes? Okay? Question 207 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:06,640 Speaker 1: number one. As a teenager, Bruce Lee was a Cha 208 00:11:06,520 --> 00:11:10,960 Speaker 1: Cha champion. True or false? Well, it's funny that you 209 00:11:11,040 --> 00:11:14,280 Speaker 1: mentioned Bruce Lee because all the mactual arts and kung 210 00:11:14,400 --> 00:11:19,480 Speaker 1: fu is really beautiful towards it's like a dance. And 211 00:11:19,520 --> 00:11:22,520 Speaker 1: I really like these choreographies of kong fu in the movies, 212 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:26,800 Speaker 1: So I would I can very well imagine that somebody 213 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:30,720 Speaker 1: who does kung fu and martial arts also is into dancings. 214 00:11:30,800 --> 00:11:34,920 Speaker 1: I would say, yes, Well, you're right. He was an 215 00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:39,400 Speaker 1: excellent dancer in he won a Hong Kong championship. Oh wow, 216 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:43,200 Speaker 1: that's pretty great, alright. Question number two. The Chicken Dance 217 00:11:43,320 --> 00:11:47,280 Speaker 1: wasn't inspired by chickens, but by skiers. The dance was 218 00:11:47,320 --> 00:11:50,520 Speaker 1: invented after an accordion player noticed the way Swiss skiers 219 00:11:50,600 --> 00:11:54,280 Speaker 1: happily flap their arms as they came down the mountains. 220 00:11:54,520 --> 00:11:58,280 Speaker 1: Is this true or false? Well? I should know because 221 00:11:58,320 --> 00:12:02,679 Speaker 1: I live in Switzerland, but I've never really noticed anybody 222 00:12:02,800 --> 00:12:09,760 Speaker 1: doing after skiing. I know, I know the Chicken dance 223 00:12:09,800 --> 00:12:13,680 Speaker 1: more from funk Dance, which has a move called funky Chicken, 224 00:12:16,280 --> 00:12:20,079 Speaker 1: and this is a thing, so I would just assume, yes, 225 00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:24,880 Speaker 1: it's true. Alright, yea lawence provides better commentary than we 226 00:12:24,960 --> 00:12:28,040 Speaker 1: do for days. That's pretty great, alright. Question number three. 227 00:12:28,280 --> 00:12:33,239 Speaker 1: In South America, the Hokey Pokey is known as totally barotely. 228 00:12:34,200 --> 00:12:39,880 Speaker 1: I would say it's um, let's say it's true. Oh good, 229 00:12:39,920 --> 00:12:42,719 Speaker 1: guess it's actually a false though the song is known 230 00:12:42,760 --> 00:12:46,679 Speaker 1: as the Hokey Coke in the UK the Hokey Coke. Alright, Well, 231 00:12:46,760 --> 00:12:48,800 Speaker 1: she's two for three. Still on a path toward a prize, 232 00:12:48,800 --> 00:12:52,160 Speaker 1: I think so. Number four slots engage in a Pooh 233 00:12:52,240 --> 00:12:55,160 Speaker 1: dance when they use the bathroom. Once they've climbed to 234 00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:57,680 Speaker 1: the base of a tree. They hold onto the trunk 235 00:12:57,960 --> 00:13:02,240 Speaker 1: as they slowly sway and wiggle their hips. True or false. 236 00:13:05,040 --> 00:13:14,000 Speaker 1: That sounds very very handy, like in relieving nature is fantastic, 237 00:13:14,080 --> 00:13:16,679 Speaker 1: and I would say it's true. That's right, and they 238 00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:19,360 Speaker 1: only go once a week. Wow, alright, well, I haven't 239 00:13:19,400 --> 00:13:24,079 Speaker 1: dance too okay. Number five last one for the big prize. 240 00:13:24,480 --> 00:13:27,880 Speaker 1: Michael Jackson had a line of lavender scented medicated dance 241 00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:31,720 Speaker 1: socks to combat stinky feet. The tagline was, you don't 242 00:13:31,760 --> 00:13:34,240 Speaker 1: have to be a wallflower just to smell like one 243 00:13:34,640 --> 00:13:40,640 Speaker 1: true or false? So I would say this, you're right, 244 00:13:41,920 --> 00:13:44,160 Speaker 1: all right? So how did Florence do today? Mango? So 245 00:13:44,240 --> 00:13:46,960 Speaker 1: Florence went an amazing four for five, which wins her 246 00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:49,200 Speaker 1: a note to her mom or boss sing her praises. 247 00:13:49,360 --> 00:13:51,160 Speaker 1: But in addition to that, we're actually gonna send her 248 00:13:51,320 --> 00:13:54,400 Speaker 1: Martha Graham finger puppet, which is probably the most important 249 00:13:54,440 --> 00:13:58,840 Speaker 1: way to honor Martha Graham's legacy. That's right, Well, congratulations Florence, 250 00:13:58,880 --> 00:14:01,160 Speaker 1: thanks so much for being on Part Time Genius. Thank 251 00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:15,600 Speaker 1: you very much. That was fun. Welcome back to Part 252 00:14:15,640 --> 00:14:17,600 Speaker 1: Time Genius. And I was promised we're going to talk 253 00:14:17,600 --> 00:14:20,440 Speaker 1: about some of the technological developments that will hopefully help 254 00:14:20,520 --> 00:14:22,400 Speaker 1: us in an effort to provide much more of the 255 00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:25,840 Speaker 1: Earth's population with access to clean water. But real quick, 256 00:14:25,840 --> 00:14:28,680 Speaker 1: can we just talk about how old Earth's water is? Yeah, 257 00:14:28,720 --> 00:14:30,920 Speaker 1: this is fascinating to me, and it's similar to what 258 00:14:30,960 --> 00:14:33,120 Speaker 1: we discussed the other day with Caesar's Last Breath, when 259 00:14:33,160 --> 00:14:35,480 Speaker 1: we talked about the fact that each time we take 260 00:14:35,520 --> 00:14:38,080 Speaker 1: a breath, there's a good chance that there's some molecule 261 00:14:38,120 --> 00:14:41,360 Speaker 1: in that breath that was breathed by Julius Caesar. It's 262 00:14:41,520 --> 00:14:44,760 Speaker 1: really weird to think about. And with water, we don't 263 00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:46,680 Speaker 1: think about the fact that the water we drink and 264 00:14:46,760 --> 00:14:49,880 Speaker 1: swim in and even wash our clothes with has been 265 00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:52,720 Speaker 1: around since just after the Earth was formed, that's right. 266 00:14:52,760 --> 00:14:55,120 Speaker 1: I mean, the Earth is somewhere around four point four 267 00:14:55,280 --> 00:14:58,160 Speaker 1: or four point five billion years old, which is kind 268 00:14:58,160 --> 00:14:59,960 Speaker 1: of weird when something is old enough not to think 269 00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:02,120 Speaker 1: of a margin of ara of a hundred million years 270 00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:05,360 Speaker 1: is very pick But the solar system itself was formed 271 00:15:05,400 --> 00:15:08,680 Speaker 1: around four point six billion years ago. But the point 272 00:15:08,720 --> 00:15:11,600 Speaker 1: is when the Earth was created, water was present shortly 273 00:15:11,720 --> 00:15:14,920 Speaker 1: after that, and new water has been neither created nor 274 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:18,320 Speaker 1: destroyed since then. So the water used today has pretty 275 00:15:18,360 --> 00:15:20,800 Speaker 1: much always been here. So the issue we're talking about 276 00:15:20,800 --> 00:15:22,720 Speaker 1: today is not really that there's a lack of water 277 00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:25,200 Speaker 1: on Earth. There's a whole lot of water on Earth. 278 00:15:25,560 --> 00:15:28,640 Speaker 1: It's the water that we can actually drink that's the issue. 279 00:15:29,080 --> 00:15:31,720 Speaker 1: And to begin, less than three of the water in 280 00:15:31,760 --> 00:15:34,600 Speaker 1: the world is fresh water, and less than one percent 281 00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:37,480 Speaker 1: is even accessible and most of the rest would either 282 00:15:37,520 --> 00:15:40,320 Speaker 1: be found underground or in glaciers. All Right, So we 283 00:15:40,400 --> 00:15:42,040 Speaker 1: keep saying we're going to get to the fun stuff, 284 00:15:42,040 --> 00:15:44,800 Speaker 1: the science behind some of the solutions to providing access 285 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:47,440 Speaker 1: to more drinkable water. So let's get to it. So 286 00:15:47,560 --> 00:15:49,760 Speaker 1: I'll start us off. So I know this isn't exactly 287 00:15:49,760 --> 00:15:51,920 Speaker 1: a new technique, but I think we should talk about 288 00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:55,080 Speaker 1: fog harvesting. And this is something that's been practiced in 289 00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:58,720 Speaker 1: several countries, even ones that get very little rainfall. But 290 00:15:58,800 --> 00:16:01,600 Speaker 1: in this case, it's not about developing a completely new idea. 291 00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:05,680 Speaker 1: It's about making significant improvements to existing systems to get 292 00:16:05,680 --> 00:16:09,480 Speaker 1: a visual of how fog harvesting works. Imagine giant tennis 293 00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:11,960 Speaker 1: nets being put up in the desert, except the netting 294 00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:15,000 Speaker 1: is mesh like and has much much smaller holes, so 295 00:16:15,040 --> 00:16:17,560 Speaker 1: it actually catches the water and fog as it passes through. 296 00:16:17,920 --> 00:16:19,720 Speaker 1: And the work that's being done between M I. T 297 00:16:19,960 --> 00:16:23,040 Speaker 1: and the researchers in Chile is it's it's really impressive. Yeah, 298 00:16:23,080 --> 00:16:24,920 Speaker 1: they've been working for a few years now to improve 299 00:16:24,960 --> 00:16:28,440 Speaker 1: the efficiency of previous nets by five or six times, 300 00:16:28,600 --> 00:16:32,000 Speaker 1: which may seem difficult, but it's really going from capturing 301 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:34,360 Speaker 1: about two percent of the fog that passes through them 302 00:16:34,400 --> 00:16:36,760 Speaker 1: to about ten per and that can make a huge 303 00:16:36,760 --> 00:16:39,440 Speaker 1: difference if each square meter of mesh can yield several 304 00:16:39,480 --> 00:16:41,640 Speaker 1: more liters of water each day. Yeah, and in a 305 00:16:41,720 --> 00:16:44,320 Speaker 1: desert region where there are really few options for getting 306 00:16:44,360 --> 00:16:47,800 Speaker 1: drinkable water, I mean, this is pretty promising thing. But 307 00:16:47,840 --> 00:16:50,080 Speaker 1: there are other options being developed to One that I 308 00:16:50,120 --> 00:16:52,200 Speaker 1: think is really cool is being developed by a company 309 00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:55,520 Speaker 1: called Zero Mass Water. And this is another effort to 310 00:16:55,560 --> 00:16:57,720 Speaker 1: take water out of the air and turn it into 311 00:16:57,720 --> 00:17:00,600 Speaker 1: water that we can drink. And the tech ology behind 312 00:17:00,640 --> 00:17:03,680 Speaker 1: it is so cool. So to simplify it, it's basically 313 00:17:03,760 --> 00:17:07,719 Speaker 1: using solar panels to help create drinking water instead of electricity. 314 00:17:08,160 --> 00:17:10,560 Speaker 1: That's awesome. How does that work? Well, there was this 315 00:17:10,680 --> 00:17:13,399 Speaker 1: terrific popular science article by a guy named Jeremy Deaton 316 00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:16,840 Speaker 1: on this from last year, and his Deeton explains, imagine 317 00:17:16,840 --> 00:17:20,359 Speaker 1: a salt shaker with grains of rice interspersed among the salt. 318 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:24,760 Speaker 1: The rice absorbs moisture, keeping the salt dry, and Zero 319 00:17:24,800 --> 00:17:27,880 Speaker 1: Mass Water developed a material that acts like those grains 320 00:17:27,880 --> 00:17:30,760 Speaker 1: of rice. They absorbed the water from the air, so 321 00:17:30,840 --> 00:17:34,720 Speaker 1: the waters extracted from that material and then purified and 322 00:17:34,760 --> 00:17:37,600 Speaker 1: source adds calcium and magnesium to match the flavor and 323 00:17:37,640 --> 00:17:41,000 Speaker 1: pH of bottled water, which produces five liters a day. 324 00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:43,919 Speaker 1: And that's enough to say the family of four. And 325 00:17:43,960 --> 00:17:46,439 Speaker 1: this is done using solar panels because they make it 326 00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:49,520 Speaker 1: possible to create power in developing countries and areas that 327 00:17:49,560 --> 00:17:53,080 Speaker 1: are far from any power grid. It's actually pretty amazing. Yeah. 328 00:17:53,320 --> 00:17:56,640 Speaker 1: There's also been some pretty significant advances in water generators, 329 00:17:56,840 --> 00:18:00,919 Speaker 1: which use these plastic leaves that created station by cooling 330 00:18:00,920 --> 00:18:03,159 Speaker 1: the air around them. And on a pretty warm and 331 00:18:03,240 --> 00:18:05,919 Speaker 1: humid day, some of these generators can create over eight 332 00:18:06,400 --> 00:18:09,920 Speaker 1: gallons of water. And obviously these work better or generate 333 00:18:09,960 --> 00:18:12,680 Speaker 1: more water and humid climates, but they still work in 334 00:18:12,760 --> 00:18:15,600 Speaker 1: dry climates, even if a little more slowly. It really 335 00:18:15,640 --> 00:18:17,959 Speaker 1: is incredible to see all the thinking going into solving 336 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:20,600 Speaker 1: these kinds of problems. I know, the other day when 337 00:18:20,640 --> 00:18:23,480 Speaker 1: we were talking about how exercise doesn't actually contribute that 338 00:18:23,560 --> 00:18:26,280 Speaker 1: much to weight loss, I made a comment that science 339 00:18:26,359 --> 00:18:29,160 Speaker 1: was stupid. I want to go ahead and change my mind. 340 00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:32,199 Speaker 1: I guess science is is pretty incredible. But anyway, so 341 00:18:32,240 --> 00:18:34,080 Speaker 1: these are just some of the ways people are trying 342 00:18:34,080 --> 00:18:37,520 Speaker 1: to capture more water. We should also talk about wastewater 343 00:18:37,640 --> 00:18:40,280 Speaker 1: and the progress scientists and engineers are making towards being 344 00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:42,320 Speaker 1: able to reuse it. To think about all the water 345 00:18:42,440 --> 00:18:45,359 Speaker 1: we talked about Americans using every day, right and once 346 00:18:45,400 --> 00:18:47,920 Speaker 1: it's flushed or used, there's got to be a more 347 00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:51,280 Speaker 1: efficient and even productive way to reuse it. I mean, 348 00:18:51,320 --> 00:18:54,639 Speaker 1: there is some reuse of treated wastewater, but not nearly 349 00:18:54,680 --> 00:18:56,679 Speaker 1: at the scale that it should be. Yeah, right now, 350 00:18:56,760 --> 00:19:00,639 Speaker 1: wastewater is typically pumped pretty long distances to these centralized 351 00:19:00,680 --> 00:19:03,520 Speaker 1: plants to be treated, but there are efforts to figure 352 00:19:03,520 --> 00:19:06,600 Speaker 1: out how to have that wastewater treated more locally, then 353 00:19:06,640 --> 00:19:09,240 Speaker 1: it can be returned more easily to nearby users rather 354 00:19:09,280 --> 00:19:11,960 Speaker 1: than having to be pumped several miles. And there's also 355 00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:14,399 Speaker 1: the big project happening out in Modesto, which is going 356 00:19:14,440 --> 00:19:18,080 Speaker 1: to be California's largest wastewater to agg project. They're actually 357 00:19:18,119 --> 00:19:22,040 Speaker 1: building a federal canal to move recycled water to farmers nearby, 358 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:24,199 Speaker 1: and you can just imagine how helpful this is going 359 00:19:24,280 --> 00:19:26,400 Speaker 1: to be during times of drought. This kind of thing 360 00:19:26,440 --> 00:19:28,560 Speaker 1: is done on much smaller scales around the country, but 361 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:30,919 Speaker 1: getting this right on a much larger scale, it's going 362 00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:33,240 Speaker 1: to be huge. Yeah, hopefully it'll be a big success. 363 00:19:33,280 --> 00:19:35,440 Speaker 1: And I see here at schedule to start maybe by 364 00:19:35,480 --> 00:19:37,080 Speaker 1: the end of the year, which would be which would 365 00:19:37,080 --> 00:19:40,720 Speaker 1: be pretty incredible. All right, since we're already talking about wastewater, 366 00:19:40,800 --> 00:19:42,760 Speaker 1: I've got one that may take some time for people 367 00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:44,720 Speaker 1: to get used to. It's one thing to think about 368 00:19:44,760 --> 00:19:47,840 Speaker 1: reusing wastewater for farming, but what about the research going 369 00:19:47,840 --> 00:19:52,080 Speaker 1: into turning urine into drinkable water. I feel like that's 370 00:19:52,119 --> 00:19:55,040 Speaker 1: the plot point that uh made water world collapse. But 371 00:19:56,040 --> 00:19:57,639 Speaker 1: I can't say i'd be ready to sign up for 372 00:19:57,680 --> 00:19:59,720 Speaker 1: road I'm not sure I would either. But my favorite 373 00:19:59,720 --> 00:20:01,440 Speaker 1: part of about this is where some of the earliest 374 00:20:01,440 --> 00:20:04,200 Speaker 1: testing was done a couple of years back. The researchers 375 00:20:04,200 --> 00:20:07,000 Speaker 1: in Belgium have created a solar powered machine that gets 376 00:20:07,080 --> 00:20:09,639 Speaker 1: rid of all the yucky stuff pretty sure that's the 377 00:20:09,680 --> 00:20:12,720 Speaker 1: scientific term, but the yucky stuff in urine that turns 378 00:20:12,720 --> 00:20:15,639 Speaker 1: it into drinkable water. And guess where they tested this, 379 00:20:15,840 --> 00:20:17,760 Speaker 1: I don't know, tell me. So it was at a 380 00:20:17,840 --> 00:20:20,960 Speaker 1: huge music festival in Belgium. They took lots and lots 381 00:20:20,960 --> 00:20:23,800 Speaker 1: of festival p and were able to recover over a 382 00:20:23,920 --> 00:20:27,119 Speaker 1: thousand liters of water and that was then available for 383 00:20:27,240 --> 00:20:30,040 Speaker 1: use in making Belgian beer. Again, this was all from 384 00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:35,240 Speaker 1: the urine of people attending this festival. Festival, p that's right, 385 00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:38,080 Speaker 1: So tell me how it's possible. Well, there's a distillation 386 00:20:38,200 --> 00:20:40,480 Speaker 1: process where the main purpose is to get rid of 387 00:20:40,480 --> 00:20:43,520 Speaker 1: the ammonia in urine, and then the remaining liquid goes 388 00:20:43,560 --> 00:20:45,720 Speaker 1: back into this big tank and it's heated up by 389 00:20:45,720 --> 00:20:49,080 Speaker 1: solar power and this boiler. Then it goes through another 390 00:20:49,119 --> 00:20:53,240 Speaker 1: filtering system which separates things out like nitrogen and potassium, 391 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:56,680 Speaker 1: and those things can actually be reused for products like fertilizer. 392 00:20:57,080 --> 00:21:00,080 Speaker 1: And then you're left with this drinkable water, which I 393 00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:01,800 Speaker 1: I know I was down on it earlier, but it 394 00:21:01,880 --> 00:21:04,960 Speaker 1: actually sounds pretty incredible. It does, and I know NASA 395 00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:07,840 Speaker 1: has been successful in turning urine into drinkable water too, 396 00:21:07,880 --> 00:21:11,280 Speaker 1: and obviously if this can eventually be executed on this 397 00:21:11,400 --> 00:21:14,399 Speaker 1: larger scale, that could provide a ton of drinking water. 398 00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:16,680 Speaker 1: But since we're on the topic of drinking water, why 399 00:21:16,680 --> 00:21:18,840 Speaker 1: don't we talk to our next guest. I'm really excited 400 00:21:18,880 --> 00:21:29,959 Speaker 1: about having Martin on Wine. Our guest today is the 401 00:21:30,040 --> 00:21:33,359 Speaker 1: only one of his kind in America. He's a water Somalia. 402 00:21:33,760 --> 00:21:35,960 Speaker 1: Of course, there are lots of wine Somalia's out there. 403 00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:37,720 Speaker 1: In fact, I didn't know there were any other kinds, 404 00:21:37,720 --> 00:21:40,280 Speaker 1: did you, men go, I didn't. These are experts that 405 00:21:40,320 --> 00:21:42,359 Speaker 1: help us understand what to look for in a wine, 406 00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:44,880 Speaker 1: what the pair wines with, how to taste them, and 407 00:21:44,960 --> 00:21:47,359 Speaker 1: all that. So that's what our guest today does, and 408 00:21:47,400 --> 00:21:51,040 Speaker 1: he's the only certified water Somalia in America. I know. 409 00:21:51,119 --> 00:21:53,720 Speaker 1: We both love it when people have these crazy, interesting, 410 00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:56,639 Speaker 1: unique jobs, and so I'm super excited to talk with 411 00:21:56,720 --> 00:21:59,639 Speaker 1: and Martin Reese. Welcome to Part Time Genius. Thank you 412 00:21:59,720 --> 00:22:02,760 Speaker 1: so much, happy to be here, Martin. Martin, tell us 413 00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:04,600 Speaker 1: how you got into this? I mean, was was this 414 00:22:04,760 --> 00:22:09,439 Speaker 1: something you did? You always love water, so I have 415 00:22:09,560 --> 00:22:12,119 Speaker 1: to say, like, the first impression what I had about 416 00:22:12,119 --> 00:22:14,280 Speaker 1: water was on vacation time with my parents, and I 417 00:22:14,359 --> 00:22:16,280 Speaker 1: was around four or five years so I can't really 418 00:22:16,320 --> 00:22:19,200 Speaker 1: remember so much, but it was always for me intrigue 419 00:22:19,240 --> 00:22:21,679 Speaker 1: to taste the different tap waters in the different cities 420 00:22:21,720 --> 00:22:24,160 Speaker 1: of Europe, and I realized it's a child that water 421 00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:26,800 Speaker 1: had taste. That was for me really interesting, and my 422 00:22:26,880 --> 00:22:28,879 Speaker 1: parents always thought like, why is he running always in 423 00:22:28,920 --> 00:22:30,639 Speaker 1: the cities to the tap right away? Is he thirsty 424 00:22:30,720 --> 00:22:33,680 Speaker 1: or what's going on with them? And it's not like overhydration. 425 00:22:33,760 --> 00:22:36,600 Speaker 1: For me, it was literally about the taste. And then 426 00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:38,919 Speaker 1: in two thousand five for our guests came to me 427 00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:42,760 Speaker 1: in Berlin where I worked in the restaurant business there 428 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:45,639 Speaker 1: and said, hey, Martin, you have over a thousand different 429 00:22:45,640 --> 00:22:48,840 Speaker 1: wines on your wine menu, but you're just serving one 430 00:22:48,880 --> 00:22:51,800 Speaker 1: particular brand of water and I don't really like that brand, 431 00:22:52,080 --> 00:22:54,920 Speaker 1: like from the chaste profile. Ways do you have something 432 00:22:54,960 --> 00:22:57,600 Speaker 1: else for me? And I thought, you know what he's 433 00:22:57,680 --> 00:23:00,480 Speaker 1: upsotte right, it's all about options in the restaurant business. 434 00:23:00,840 --> 00:23:03,560 Speaker 1: You have a wine menu, you have different beers on tap, 435 00:23:03,680 --> 00:23:06,480 Speaker 1: you have different liquors. But when it comes to water, 436 00:23:06,680 --> 00:23:10,480 Speaker 1: our most important beverage in our lives, the server mostly 437 00:23:10,480 --> 00:23:13,240 Speaker 1: will tell you, oh, do you want sparkling flat or tap? 438 00:23:13,720 --> 00:23:16,240 Speaker 1: They don't even asking you if you prefer brand. And 439 00:23:16,240 --> 00:23:19,040 Speaker 1: I thought, I need to change that. So the constant 440 00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:21,160 Speaker 1: of a water summery is not like brand new, it's 441 00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:23,359 Speaker 1: not in inventional here in l A. I started that 442 00:23:23,440 --> 00:23:26,879 Speaker 1: in two thousand fives in Germany. Wow, so what are 443 00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:30,479 Speaker 1: you looking for in a great water? First? Of all, 444 00:23:30,520 --> 00:23:34,080 Speaker 1: I'm looking where it's coming from. So there's two big 445 00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:37,080 Speaker 1: differences when it comes to bottled water here in America. 446 00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:40,000 Speaker 1: On the one hand, you have purified waters. On the 447 00:23:40,040 --> 00:23:43,000 Speaker 1: other hand, you have natural curring spring or glacier waters. 448 00:23:44,400 --> 00:23:47,440 Speaker 1: I am a person who doesn't go out to dine 449 00:23:47,440 --> 00:23:50,320 Speaker 1: when I'm going out in like restaurants, like fast food 450 00:23:50,359 --> 00:23:54,040 Speaker 1: chains or something, because I think food should be healthy 451 00:23:54,280 --> 00:23:57,840 Speaker 1: and food should be coming from a natural resource as well, 452 00:23:57,880 --> 00:24:00,479 Speaker 1: and I want to make sure that my food actually 453 00:24:00,480 --> 00:24:03,639 Speaker 1: has vitamins and all the ingredients in there. And by water, 454 00:24:03,640 --> 00:24:06,400 Speaker 1: it's actually the same because purified water is nothing else 455 00:24:06,440 --> 00:24:10,359 Speaker 1: than highly processed food. That means it's tap water. In 456 00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:13,000 Speaker 1: the different region where they like actually bothering that you're 457 00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:15,120 Speaker 1: flutting everything out of the tap water, they're adding back 458 00:24:15,160 --> 00:24:17,200 Speaker 1: some middals in very small amounts, and they're selling it 459 00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:20,320 Speaker 1: for high price. In my opinion, the biggest scamra planet Earth. 460 00:24:21,040 --> 00:24:25,160 Speaker 1: So so do you do you ever drink tap water? Yeah? Sure, 461 00:24:25,320 --> 00:24:27,520 Speaker 1: I'm tasting it still every time when I'm going to 462 00:24:27,560 --> 00:24:29,680 Speaker 1: a new city. Are always the first thing I'm gonna do, 463 00:24:30,040 --> 00:24:31,960 Speaker 1: it's tasting the tap water and see if I like it. 464 00:24:32,040 --> 00:24:35,720 Speaker 1: Or don't like. Cities have amazing tap boarders. Some cities 465 00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:38,160 Speaker 1: I don't. I can't even smell the tap water right away. 466 00:24:38,960 --> 00:24:40,560 Speaker 1: It's not really a good sign that I want to 467 00:24:40,640 --> 00:24:42,880 Speaker 1: drink it. What are the top three cities for tap 468 00:24:42,880 --> 00:24:46,240 Speaker 1: water for fair opinion? The top cities for tap water. 469 00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:49,560 Speaker 1: Munich is very good. I was in New York. I 470 00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:52,280 Speaker 1: was actually impressed. But even New York has so many 471 00:24:52,280 --> 00:24:55,359 Speaker 1: different tap water qualities. I was in a building and 472 00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:58,119 Speaker 1: in an interview on the tap water was terrible. In 473 00:24:58,160 --> 00:25:00,240 Speaker 1: the next building, the tap water was actually very good. 474 00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:02,440 Speaker 1: So it depends as well, a little bit on the 475 00:25:02,440 --> 00:25:04,800 Speaker 1: pipes where the tap ball is running through, so it's 476 00:25:04,840 --> 00:25:07,359 Speaker 1: even there. It's not even that just one city is 477 00:25:07,400 --> 00:25:10,160 Speaker 1: perfect and the other city is very bad. But mostly 478 00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:13,680 Speaker 1: cities a little bit northern of US, like Alaska or Canada, 479 00:25:13,760 --> 00:25:16,959 Speaker 1: these CDs have way better tap water qualities than actually 480 00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:19,359 Speaker 1: here in the United States. You know, I'm not a 481 00:25:19,359 --> 00:25:22,480 Speaker 1: big fan of the tap board It's it's chlorinated. I 482 00:25:22,520 --> 00:25:24,840 Speaker 1: can smell it. It's not really what I'm looking for 483 00:25:24,920 --> 00:25:28,240 Speaker 1: when I want to drink of water. So are you ever, 484 00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:31,040 Speaker 1: you know, blown away by the taste of a new water? 485 00:25:31,119 --> 00:25:34,920 Speaker 1: These days and and do you have a favorite water. Yes. 486 00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:37,960 Speaker 1: I've just been in China for three weeks ago and 487 00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:41,000 Speaker 1: there was a big water tasting competition. It's an international 488 00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:44,960 Speaker 1: water tasting competition from the Fine Water Society, and I 489 00:25:45,040 --> 00:25:48,040 Speaker 1: tasted over a hundred and tenders from mineral waters and 490 00:25:48,200 --> 00:25:50,280 Speaker 1: they were like two or three waters. I was really 491 00:25:50,320 --> 00:25:54,000 Speaker 1: impressed off and I gave them then like obviously good 492 00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:57,040 Speaker 1: points as well. There was one water it's called Prima 493 00:25:57,160 --> 00:26:01,600 Speaker 1: from South Africa. I gave this hundred point unbelievable great water. 494 00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:04,879 Speaker 1: It was such unique. It was very sweet in your palette, 495 00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:07,480 Speaker 1: almost like a gummy beer, and it was very unique 496 00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:10,199 Speaker 1: for me, a characteristic to find in the water. Another 497 00:26:10,240 --> 00:26:14,000 Speaker 1: water comes from Romania's called Aquaca Patica. I thought, it's 498 00:26:14,040 --> 00:26:17,080 Speaker 1: an incredible, great tasting water, beautiful man reality in it 499 00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:20,600 Speaker 1: nitrate free, so nothing harmful in that water. It's a 500 00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:23,159 Speaker 1: very very good and taste and it's killed it for 501 00:26:23,240 --> 00:26:26,520 Speaker 1: e summer from Denmark, oxygenated water. When I've shaked the bottle, 502 00:26:26,560 --> 00:26:29,880 Speaker 1: it turns into almost like milky flavors. The course, there's 503 00:26:29,880 --> 00:26:31,920 Speaker 1: a lot of oxygen into this water, so it changed 504 00:26:31,960 --> 00:26:35,120 Speaker 1: colors when you're pouring it into your glass. So there's 505 00:26:35,240 --> 00:26:38,400 Speaker 1: so many interesting unique springs out of there. I'm really 506 00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:40,520 Speaker 1: fascinated about it. Or Yeah, and the grocery store, I 507 00:26:40,520 --> 00:26:43,240 Speaker 1: have to say, in America, my seeing what I'm buying 508 00:26:43,240 --> 00:26:45,240 Speaker 1: is Fichi mostly of the time. It's because I like 509 00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:47,680 Speaker 1: the taste of Fichi water as well. There's a very 510 00:26:47,720 --> 00:26:49,920 Speaker 1: smooth mouth field to it. I think it's a great 511 00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:54,880 Speaker 1: tasting water. But hey, it's all about personal preferences. Yeah, 512 00:26:54,920 --> 00:26:56,720 Speaker 1: I was gonna say, I don't know if this is 513 00:26:56,760 --> 00:26:59,119 Speaker 1: bad or not, but some of my favorite water in 514 00:26:59,160 --> 00:27:00,920 Speaker 1: the world was when I used to drink it out 515 00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:03,119 Speaker 1: of the hose as a kid. Is that bad? It 516 00:27:03,200 --> 00:27:05,800 Speaker 1: tasted it almost tasted metallic, and for some reason I 517 00:27:05,840 --> 00:27:09,240 Speaker 1: liked that. Hey, this is interesting part of it. I'm 518 00:27:09,240 --> 00:27:11,840 Speaker 1: glad you're saying this because now people always think, oh, 519 00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:15,520 Speaker 1: but there's like taste tests made of tap water versus 520 00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:18,840 Speaker 1: spring water, and some people think tap water or mostly 521 00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:22,080 Speaker 1: tap water will will win the competitions. I can tell 522 00:27:22,119 --> 00:27:25,080 Speaker 1: you why, because people are raised on tap water and 523 00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:27,800 Speaker 1: they think that the taste of tap water is the 524 00:27:27,880 --> 00:27:30,480 Speaker 1: taste of water. When they've been raised on clorin the 525 00:27:30,720 --> 00:27:34,640 Speaker 1: tap water, they don't know better. In my opinion, they oh, 526 00:27:34,680 --> 00:27:38,160 Speaker 1: this is the taste of water, so they suddenly realized, oh, 527 00:27:38,160 --> 00:27:40,440 Speaker 1: there's a different taste to water. But I don't really 528 00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:43,400 Speaker 1: like this because I cannot think that this is actually water. 529 00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:46,640 Speaker 1: It doesn't mean it's good or bad. So it's quite 530 00:27:46,680 --> 00:27:50,560 Speaker 1: interesting that sometimes tap water winds in competitions against mineral 531 00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:53,280 Speaker 1: water because people are just known to the taste of 532 00:27:53,320 --> 00:27:56,440 Speaker 1: tap water better than to mineral water. It's you talk 533 00:27:56,480 --> 00:28:04,080 Speaker 1: about I love that very passion about that's should not 534 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:09,080 Speaker 1: be at right topic. Funny too. All right, Well, since 535 00:28:09,160 --> 00:28:12,320 Speaker 1: we are speaking of bad puns, right, Since since you 536 00:28:12,400 --> 00:28:14,600 Speaker 1: are a master of taste, we thought we would put 537 00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:16,439 Speaker 1: you to the test. What game is Martin playing with 538 00:28:16,480 --> 00:28:18,920 Speaker 1: us today? Mano, He's gonna play a game called tastes 539 00:28:18,960 --> 00:28:21,920 Speaker 1: like Chicken? And every one of these answers supposedly tastes 540 00:28:21,920 --> 00:28:26,000 Speaker 1: like chicken. Alright, so we've got five questions for you, Martin. 541 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:32,000 Speaker 1: Here we go. You're ready, sure? Okay? Number one, before refrigeration, 542 00:28:32,280 --> 00:28:35,399 Speaker 1: Russians used to drop these animals live into their milk 543 00:28:35,480 --> 00:28:38,720 Speaker 1: to keep the milk fresh. Kermit should watch out. What 544 00:28:38,760 --> 00:28:44,840 Speaker 1: are we talking about? That taste like chicken? Frockles. Yes, 545 00:28:45,160 --> 00:28:48,320 Speaker 1: well done. One for one. Okay, here we go. Number two. 546 00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:51,160 Speaker 1: We're in the restaurom business. I I actually add a 547 00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:54,720 Speaker 1: lot of flex already myself, but not to the milk, 548 00:28:54,760 --> 00:29:00,800 Speaker 1: I hope. No, alright? Question number two, it's illegal in 549 00:29:00,880 --> 00:29:03,880 Speaker 1: Queensland to own this pet unless you can prove you're 550 00:29:03,880 --> 00:29:07,440 Speaker 1: a magician. What are we talking about? That taste like chicken? 551 00:29:08,160 --> 00:29:12,520 Speaker 1: It's that would be a good guess. But the hint 552 00:29:12,520 --> 00:29:16,800 Speaker 1: there was magician, it's actually is it rabbit? Mango? So 553 00:29:16,840 --> 00:29:19,200 Speaker 1: what happens if they if they're found with a rabbit? 554 00:29:19,600 --> 00:29:23,520 Speaker 1: Offenders actually face at dollar fine because the critters are 555 00:29:23,520 --> 00:29:29,120 Speaker 1: considered an invasive species. Wow, but not if you're a magician. Okay, alright. 556 00:29:30,120 --> 00:29:34,200 Speaker 1: Question number three. While a popular prank involves claiming that 557 00:29:34,280 --> 00:29:37,960 Speaker 1: this snake's eggs are inside an envelope and when the 558 00:29:37,960 --> 00:29:41,520 Speaker 1: pranky opens at the envelope clatters, the truth is this 559 00:29:41,640 --> 00:29:45,600 Speaker 1: noisy snake actually gives birth to live babies. What are 560 00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:52,480 Speaker 1: we talking about? That taste like chicken? Yes? All right, Martin? Okay. 561 00:29:52,720 --> 00:29:57,280 Speaker 1: Question number four. George RR. Martin claims that watching these 562 00:29:57,320 --> 00:30:00,360 Speaker 1: shelled pets interact with one another gay of him. The 563 00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:04,600 Speaker 1: inspiration to create Game of Thrones. What are we talking about? 564 00:30:04,640 --> 00:30:08,560 Speaker 1: That taste like chicken? It's funny. I've just been to 565 00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:11,960 Speaker 1: the premiere of Game of Thrones. It was thousands of 566 00:30:12,800 --> 00:30:18,400 Speaker 1: um dragons dragons, It should be dragons. I wish they 567 00:30:18,400 --> 00:30:22,400 Speaker 1: were dragons. What is it? It's turtles. He imagined his 568 00:30:22,520 --> 00:30:25,760 Speaker 1: pets had much less tame personalities. As you drove the outline, 569 00:30:25,760 --> 00:30:28,960 Speaker 1: first book and the interesting parties. I think I was 570 00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:31,640 Speaker 1: the only person on the Games of Room premiere after 571 00:30:31,680 --> 00:30:34,600 Speaker 1: show party who never saw any episode of Game of Thrones. 572 00:30:36,840 --> 00:30:42,000 Speaker 1: Like that's maybe an interesting water so much effect any 573 00:30:42,040 --> 00:30:45,760 Speaker 1: episodes of Game of Thrones? All right, well here we are. 574 00:30:45,800 --> 00:30:47,320 Speaker 1: You didn't have to see any episodes of Game of 575 00:30:47,360 --> 00:30:50,240 Speaker 1: Thrones for this last one, but we'll see how you 576 00:30:50,280 --> 00:30:52,440 Speaker 1: do question number five. This one's for the big prize. 577 00:30:52,760 --> 00:30:56,440 Speaker 1: While these animals and University of Florida mascot can't chew 578 00:30:56,640 --> 00:30:59,680 Speaker 1: because their jaws can't move side to side, they're still 579 00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:04,120 Speaker 1: capable of ripping big chunks of flesh and swallowing. What 580 00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:09,320 Speaker 1: are we talking about that taste like chicken? I would yeah, 581 00:31:09,520 --> 00:31:13,280 Speaker 1: absolutely all right? How did Martin do today? Mango? Martin 582 00:31:13,320 --> 00:31:16,160 Speaker 1: went an amazing three for five, which wins them our 583 00:31:16,240 --> 00:31:22,600 Speaker 1: big Prize are undying admiration. All right, congratulations Martin. This 584 00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:24,400 Speaker 1: has been really fun. Martin, thanks so much for being 585 00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:41,080 Speaker 1: on Part Time Genius. Thank you so much, and welcome 586 00:31:41,080 --> 00:31:43,320 Speaker 1: back to Part Time Genius. So we've talked a bit 587 00:31:43,360 --> 00:31:45,920 Speaker 1: about the very real water issues we're facing over the 588 00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:48,320 Speaker 1: coming decades, and we've talked a little bit about the 589 00:31:48,360 --> 00:31:51,560 Speaker 1: brilliant efforts to generate drinkable water in places all around 590 00:31:51,560 --> 00:31:54,200 Speaker 1: the world. So we need to talk about the future 591 00:31:54,400 --> 00:31:56,440 Speaker 1: and whether there's any hope of getting control of this 592 00:31:56,480 --> 00:31:59,080 Speaker 1: problem more honestly, whether it's simply too late. Well, the 593 00:31:59,080 --> 00:32:01,640 Speaker 1: good news is isn't too late, right though, we have 594 00:32:01,760 --> 00:32:05,000 Speaker 1: some serious work ahead of us. As Charles Fishman explains 595 00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:07,040 Speaker 1: in The Big Thirst, a big part of the problem 596 00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:09,040 Speaker 1: is the way we look at water and the fact 597 00:32:09,040 --> 00:32:11,640 Speaker 1: that it's largely invisible. So we should explain what he 598 00:32:11,680 --> 00:32:14,800 Speaker 1: means when he says invisible. Yeah, what Fishman means is 599 00:32:14,840 --> 00:32:16,880 Speaker 1: that all the ways we get our water and where 600 00:32:16,920 --> 00:32:19,680 Speaker 1: it actually comes from are mostly unknown to us. I mean, 601 00:32:19,720 --> 00:32:21,600 Speaker 1: think about it. When you get a drink of water 602 00:32:21,680 --> 00:32:24,400 Speaker 1: from your sink or take a shower, where does that 603 00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:26,800 Speaker 1: water come from? And how to get to you? I'd 604 00:32:26,800 --> 00:32:29,200 Speaker 1: say most people can't answer that question. Yeah. And not 605 00:32:29,240 --> 00:32:31,600 Speaker 1: only that, but you know, something I'm also guilty of 606 00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:34,440 Speaker 1: is just kind of seems like this endless supply. Yeah. 607 00:32:34,480 --> 00:32:36,640 Speaker 1: On top of that, it costs next to nothing, Like 608 00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:39,320 Speaker 1: despite the fact that we couldn't survive without access to 609 00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:42,520 Speaker 1: clean water, our monthly water bill is usually a fraction 610 00:32:42,560 --> 00:32:44,360 Speaker 1: of what we pay for our cell phone. I mean, 611 00:32:44,360 --> 00:32:47,160 Speaker 1: it's closer to what you'd sell out for Netflix. And 612 00:32:47,520 --> 00:32:49,920 Speaker 1: according to Fishman, and I'm going to quote him here, 613 00:32:50,160 --> 00:32:52,880 Speaker 1: ten gallons of tap water at home costs on average 614 00:32:52,920 --> 00:32:55,840 Speaker 1: three pennies. That's the equivalent of getting seventy four of 615 00:32:55,880 --> 00:32:58,440 Speaker 1: those dollar twenty nine half liter bottles of water we 616 00:32:58,520 --> 00:33:01,760 Speaker 1: love so much for less than nickel. We happily pay 617 00:33:01,880 --> 00:33:04,640 Speaker 1: three thousand times that price at the convenience store one 618 00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:07,360 Speaker 1: bottle for dollar twenty nine. But when the water bill 619 00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:09,840 Speaker 1: goes from thirty dollars to thirty four dollars a month, 620 00:33:10,080 --> 00:33:12,600 Speaker 1: customers react as if they'll have to choose between their 621 00:33:12,640 --> 00:33:15,960 Speaker 1: prescription drugs and their water service. So this is what 622 00:33:16,000 --> 00:33:18,880 Speaker 1: Fishman means when he talks about waters and visibility and 623 00:33:18,920 --> 00:33:21,240 Speaker 1: He even points out that in many places our water 624 00:33:21,280 --> 00:33:24,440 Speaker 1: bill isn't actually for the water itself, it's for the 625 00:33:24,480 --> 00:33:27,120 Speaker 1: cost of everything involved in getting the water to us. 626 00:33:27,520 --> 00:33:29,360 Speaker 1: And if you pointed this out to someone, they might 627 00:33:29,400 --> 00:33:32,600 Speaker 1: even say it's water, of course it's free. It's really 628 00:33:32,640 --> 00:33:34,520 Speaker 1: such a weird way to think about a resource that 629 00:33:34,560 --> 00:33:37,920 Speaker 1: we couldn't possibly live without. As for the future, Fishman 630 00:33:37,920 --> 00:33:39,440 Speaker 1: talks about the fact that we're going to have to 631 00:33:39,480 --> 00:33:41,720 Speaker 1: find ways to begin using the right water for the 632 00:33:41,800 --> 00:33:44,760 Speaker 1: right purpose, like there's no reason to be using purified 633 00:33:44,840 --> 00:33:47,520 Speaker 1: drinking water and our toilets and to keep our lawn screen. 634 00:33:47,960 --> 00:33:50,520 Speaker 1: And we'll probably have tiers of water based on how 635 00:33:50,560 --> 00:33:52,800 Speaker 1: clean the water is and what it's used for, and 636 00:33:52,840 --> 00:33:56,440 Speaker 1: those prices will probably vary. What's definitely an interesting thought 637 00:33:56,560 --> 00:33:58,800 Speaker 1: and and also very interesting to think about, you know, 638 00:33:58,840 --> 00:34:02,440 Speaker 1: the fact that, unlike shoes of global warming, solving this 639 00:34:02,560 --> 00:34:05,800 Speaker 1: crisis really isn't that much of a global solution as 640 00:34:05,840 --> 00:34:09,600 Speaker 1: it is a local solution. Every region and community will 641 00:34:09,640 --> 00:34:12,120 Speaker 1: need to solve its own water crisis, though I know 642 00:34:12,200 --> 00:34:14,840 Speaker 1: regions will obviously learn from each other. Yeah, and the 643 00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:18,200 Speaker 1: keys to remember that these water problems are solvable. As 644 00:34:18,239 --> 00:34:21,120 Speaker 1: we discussed earlier. The water here today will be here tomorrow. 645 00:34:21,360 --> 00:34:23,319 Speaker 1: We just need to learn how to harness it and 646 00:34:23,400 --> 00:34:26,320 Speaker 1: take proper care to use it wisely. And I'm hopeful 647 00:34:26,360 --> 00:34:28,880 Speaker 1: we can figure that out. But I'm even more hopeful 648 00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:31,560 Speaker 1: that I can take home today's PTG fact Off trophy. 649 00:34:31,600 --> 00:34:44,840 Speaker 1: And we'll see about that. H So, our genius researchery 650 00:34:44,880 --> 00:34:47,160 Speaker 1: gave send me a list of animals that conserve water 651 00:34:47,239 --> 00:34:51,560 Speaker 1: in interesting ways. Sand gazelles in the Arabian Desert actually 652 00:34:51,600 --> 00:34:54,040 Speaker 1: shrink some of their organs during periods of little rain. 653 00:34:54,320 --> 00:34:57,480 Speaker 1: They can reduce the size of their heart by and 654 00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:01,080 Speaker 1: their livers by. We means they don't have to breathe 655 00:35:01,080 --> 00:35:04,239 Speaker 1: as much because those organs actually require lots of oxygen 656 00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:07,319 Speaker 1: to function. And when they breathe less, they use less 657 00:35:07,320 --> 00:35:10,359 Speaker 1: water in their respiratory process, which is a pretty cool 658 00:35:10,400 --> 00:35:12,560 Speaker 1: survival trection. It is all right, Well, I've got a 659 00:35:12,600 --> 00:35:16,040 Speaker 1: short one to start. Approximately half of all water delivered 660 00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:19,120 Speaker 1: to homes in Florida is used to water the lawn. 661 00:35:20,120 --> 00:35:23,000 Speaker 1: Speaking of lawns, here's one about flamingos that I learned 662 00:35:23,000 --> 00:35:25,799 Speaker 1: from the podcast Every Little Thing. Did you know flamingos 663 00:35:25,800 --> 00:35:29,200 Speaker 1: can drink water at near boiling temperatures. They basically use 664 00:35:29,280 --> 00:35:33,040 Speaker 1: geyser as like water fountains. So strange, all right, Well, 665 00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:35,279 Speaker 1: when we think of water use, Las Vegas is not 666 00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:37,640 Speaker 1: the first place that comes to most people's minds when 667 00:35:37,640 --> 00:35:40,239 Speaker 1: it comes to smart recycling. But it turns out that 668 00:35:40,280 --> 00:35:43,200 Speaker 1: more than nine of water that's used indoors in the 669 00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:47,360 Speaker 1: Las Vegas metro area, from showers, the dishwashers, toilets, whatever 670 00:35:47,400 --> 00:35:50,719 Speaker 1: it is, it's captured and then recycled. Some of it 671 00:35:50,760 --> 00:35:53,160 Speaker 1: goes to water in golf courses and parks, of which 672 00:35:53,160 --> 00:35:55,520 Speaker 1: there are plenty in that area, and then some of 673 00:35:55,560 --> 00:35:57,920 Speaker 1: it's cleaned and returned to like meat. So I guess 674 00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:01,120 Speaker 1: what I've got? Another animal fact? Australian tree frogs have 675 00:36:01,200 --> 00:36:04,719 Speaker 1: these weird waterproof mucous cocoons that they can secrete when 676 00:36:04,760 --> 00:36:07,960 Speaker 1: it's really hot and dry out, and this cocoon holds 677 00:36:08,000 --> 00:36:10,919 Speaker 1: moisture in They can actually live for more than two 678 00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:14,600 Speaker 1: years with the liquid remaining in their bladder. Alright. After 679 00:36:14,680 --> 00:36:17,320 Speaker 1: not really being an industry a few decades ago, bottled 680 00:36:17,320 --> 00:36:20,200 Speaker 1: water has finally passed soda as the number one beverage 681 00:36:20,200 --> 00:36:22,799 Speaker 1: in the US in two thousand and sixteen, bottled water 682 00:36:22,920 --> 00:36:26,040 Speaker 1: edged out soda, with the average American drinking thirty nine 683 00:36:26,040 --> 00:36:28,800 Speaker 1: gallons of water and thirty eight and a half gallons 684 00:36:28,840 --> 00:36:31,600 Speaker 1: of soda. But the two largest bottled water brands, the 685 00:36:31,719 --> 00:36:36,680 Speaker 1: Sani and Aquafina, they're still owned by Coca Cola and PepsiCo. Well, 686 00:36:36,719 --> 00:36:38,319 Speaker 1: I might as well use this opportunity to get in 687 00:36:38,400 --> 00:36:41,879 Speaker 1: one more animal surprise. So tortoises can go a year 688 00:36:41,960 --> 00:36:44,960 Speaker 1: without drinking water, and Australian tree frogs can go two years. 689 00:36:45,000 --> 00:36:48,440 Speaker 1: But the kangaroo rat lives its whole life without drinking 690 00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:51,600 Speaker 1: any water, at least not water by itself. They get 691 00:36:51,600 --> 00:36:54,520 Speaker 1: their water by oxidizing food, meaning they can create water 692 00:36:54,600 --> 00:36:58,279 Speaker 1: by recombining molecules. That's pretty cool and crazy. I can't 693 00:36:58,280 --> 00:37:00,920 Speaker 1: say that I quite understand that, but that is pretty amazing. 694 00:37:00,960 --> 00:37:03,000 Speaker 1: They don't have to drink their whole lives. All right, 695 00:37:03,040 --> 00:37:05,080 Speaker 1: I think you should put that back to a dance. 696 00:37:05,120 --> 00:37:06,840 Speaker 1: It's so good. I'm gonna have to give you this 697 00:37:06,880 --> 00:37:09,920 Speaker 1: week's fact Off trophy. Congrats Mango. Well, thank you, and 698 00:37:09,960 --> 00:37:12,560 Speaker 1: that's it for today's episode. Thank you so much for listening, 699 00:37:26,920 --> 00:37:29,440 Speaker 1: Thanks again for listening. Part Time Genius is a production 700 00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:31,880 Speaker 1: of how stuff works and wouldn't be possible without several 701 00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:34,440 Speaker 1: brilliant people who do the important things we couldn't even 702 00:37:34,480 --> 00:37:37,799 Speaker 1: again to understand. Christa McNeil does the editing thing. Noel 703 00:37:37,840 --> 00:37:39,839 Speaker 1: Brown made the theme song and does the mixy mixy 704 00:37:39,920 --> 00:37:43,439 Speaker 1: sound thing. Jerry Rowland does the exact producer thing. Gay 705 00:37:43,480 --> 00:37:46,040 Speaker 1: Bluesier is our lead researcher, with support from the Research 706 00:37:46,120 --> 00:37:49,160 Speaker 1: Army including Austin Thompson, Nolan Brown and Lucas Adams and 707 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:51,840 Speaker 1: Eves Jeffko gets the show to your ears. Good job, Eves. 708 00:37:52,000 --> 00:37:53,960 Speaker 1: If you like what you heard, we hope you'll subscribe, 709 00:37:53,960 --> 00:37:55,839 Speaker 1: And if you really really like what you've heard, maybe 710 00:37:55,840 --> 00:37:57,880 Speaker 1: you could leave a good review for us. Do we do? 711 00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:05,280 Speaker 1: We forget Jason Jason who didst diet difficulty, The people, 712 00:38:05,360 --> 00:38:05,400 Speaker 1: the