1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:02,840 Speaker 1: Hello everyone, it's Eves checking in here to let you 2 00:00:02,880 --> 00:00:04,920 Speaker 1: know that you're going to be hearing two different events 3 00:00:04,920 --> 00:00:07,360 Speaker 1: in history in this episode, one from me and one 4 00:00:07,400 --> 00:00:09,840 Speaker 1: from Tracy V. Wilson. They're both good, if I do 5 00:00:09,920 --> 00:00:13,640 Speaker 1: say so myself. One with the show, Welcome to this 6 00:00:13,720 --> 00:00:16,319 Speaker 1: Day in History class from how Stuff Works dot com 7 00:00:16,440 --> 00:00:18,920 Speaker 1: and from the desk of Stuff You Missed in History Class. 8 00:00:18,920 --> 00:00:21,280 Speaker 1: It's the show where we explore the past one day 9 00:00:21,280 --> 00:00:23,320 Speaker 1: at a time with a quick look at what happened 10 00:00:23,360 --> 00:00:30,720 Speaker 1: today in history. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 11 00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:34,080 Speaker 1: Tracy V. Wilson and it's September seven. On this day 12 00:00:34,080 --> 00:00:38,080 Speaker 1: in pirate Henry every pulled off one of the most 13 00:00:38,159 --> 00:00:43,040 Speaker 1: profitable raids in pirate history, which also launched a massive 14 00:00:43,159 --> 00:00:47,120 Speaker 1: international incident. Every sale aboard a ship called the Fancy, 15 00:00:47,280 --> 00:00:50,720 Speaker 1: which had previously been the Charles the Second before he 16 00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:55,920 Speaker 1: commandeered it from a Spanish port in s From that port, 17 00:00:56,120 --> 00:00:59,880 Speaker 1: he and his newly piratical crew late, of course, for Madagascar. 18 00:01:00,680 --> 00:01:03,560 Speaker 1: They were joining up with a route called the Pirate Round, 19 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:07,040 Speaker 1: which was really popular among English pirates in the sixteen nineties. 20 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:11,759 Speaker 1: This sailing route went from the Caribbean around the Cape 21 00:01:11,760 --> 00:01:14,400 Speaker 1: of Good Hope up to Madagascar and then into the 22 00:01:14,440 --> 00:01:17,720 Speaker 1: Indian Ocean. It was off the coast of Madagascar that 23 00:01:17,760 --> 00:01:20,680 Speaker 1: Every joined up with a whole collection of other pirates 24 00:01:20,720 --> 00:01:23,520 Speaker 1: who were hoping to attack a fleet of ships belonging 25 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:27,080 Speaker 1: to the Mughal Empire. This empire ruled parts of the 26 00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:30,640 Speaker 1: Indian subcontinent from the early sixteenth century into the mid 27 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:35,640 Speaker 1: eighteenth century. In sixteen it's territory covered most of what's 28 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:41,480 Speaker 1: now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Putan, and Nepal. This fleet belonging 29 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:45,319 Speaker 1: to the Mughal Empire was huge, twenty five ships, including 30 00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:49,200 Speaker 1: escort vessels. Some of the passengers where the emperor's own 31 00:01:49,360 --> 00:01:53,440 Speaker 1: family members returning from a pilgrimage to Mecca. The first 32 00:01:53,520 --> 00:01:56,360 Speaker 1: ship that Every and the other pirates attacked was called 33 00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:59,480 Speaker 1: the Fat Mammady. It was an escort ship that was 34 00:01:59,560 --> 00:02:03,480 Speaker 1: part of the rear Guard. Their real prize, though, was 35 00:02:03,520 --> 00:02:08,120 Speaker 1: the Ganji Sawai, which is sometimes anglicized as the gun Sway. 36 00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:12,320 Speaker 1: They spotted this ship on September seven, and this ship, 37 00:02:12,440 --> 00:02:17,200 Speaker 1: in addition to being large, was owned by Emperor Arnzeb himself. 38 00:02:17,720 --> 00:02:20,400 Speaker 1: At least one of the emperor's family members was on 39 00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:24,600 Speaker 1: board the ship was huge. It was exceptionally well armed. 40 00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:27,440 Speaker 1: The pirates were only able to take it because when 41 00:02:27,440 --> 00:02:31,400 Speaker 1: the battle started a piece of weaponry exploded and started 42 00:02:31,400 --> 00:02:35,720 Speaker 1: a fire. The behavior of these pirates once they took 43 00:02:35,720 --> 00:02:40,000 Speaker 1: over the Ganji Sawai was really horrible. They completely brutalized 44 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:42,919 Speaker 1: the people on board in their search for treasure. They 45 00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:46,840 Speaker 1: came away with a huge hall of gold, silver and jewels. 46 00:02:47,880 --> 00:02:51,760 Speaker 1: But when the Ganji Sawai reached the Mughal Empire, the 47 00:02:51,800 --> 00:02:56,440 Speaker 1: Emperor and the rest of the people were outraged. Riots 48 00:02:56,560 --> 00:02:58,920 Speaker 1: spread through the city of Surret, which was the port 49 00:02:58,960 --> 00:03:01,600 Speaker 1: that the ship came into. They targeted the British East 50 00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:05,560 Speaker 1: India Company offices there. British officials started writing back to 51 00:03:05,680 --> 00:03:09,640 Speaker 1: London to report what had happened. This sparked a huge 52 00:03:09,880 --> 00:03:13,880 Speaker 1: international man hunt for Every and his pirate crew. The 53 00:03:13,919 --> 00:03:17,400 Speaker 1: British East India Company could not afford any problems in 54 00:03:17,440 --> 00:03:21,000 Speaker 1: their relationship with the Mughal Empire or the Emperor himself. 55 00:03:21,480 --> 00:03:25,640 Speaker 1: A few of Every's crew were captured, but every was not. 56 00:03:26,120 --> 00:03:29,320 Speaker 1: Those who were captured were put on trial two times 57 00:03:29,680 --> 00:03:33,320 Speaker 1: to try to bring a conviction that would satisfy the 58 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:36,880 Speaker 1: Mughal Emperor. There were two trials because, much to the 59 00:03:36,920 --> 00:03:40,560 Speaker 1: surprise of all the authorities involved, the British people were 60 00:03:40,600 --> 00:03:44,600 Speaker 1: really excited about pirates. By the time this trial even happened, 61 00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:48,560 Speaker 1: there was already a really popular ballad about Henry. Every 62 00:03:48,800 --> 00:03:52,080 Speaker 1: was very high spirited and adventurous, and it did not 63 00:03:52,200 --> 00:03:56,160 Speaker 1: make him sound like a bad guy at all. So 64 00:03:56,240 --> 00:03:58,800 Speaker 1: after everyone was acquitted in the first trial, they had 65 00:03:58,840 --> 00:04:01,760 Speaker 1: to try them again, this time on a charge of 66 00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:06,240 Speaker 1: mutiny instead of piracy. They were found guilty of mutiny 67 00:04:06,280 --> 00:04:09,520 Speaker 1: and hanged. The British government had to pay reparations to 68 00:04:09,560 --> 00:04:14,040 Speaker 1: the Mughal Empire, but every himself was never captured. It's 69 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:17,479 Speaker 1: more likely though, that he died in poverty than that 70 00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:19,400 Speaker 1: he went on to live like a king on his 71 00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:21,800 Speaker 1: pirate wealth. You can learn more about this in the 72 00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:25,360 Speaker 1: May ninth episode of Stuff You Missed in History Class, 73 00:04:25,360 --> 00:04:28,160 Speaker 1: and you can subscribe to This Day in History Class 74 00:04:28,160 --> 00:04:31,240 Speaker 1: on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, and We're rail to get 75 00:04:31,240 --> 00:04:34,599 Speaker 1: your podcasts. Thanks also to Schari Harrison for her audio 76 00:04:34,680 --> 00:04:38,039 Speaker 1: work on this podcast. You can tune in tomorrow for 77 00:04:38,160 --> 00:04:51,279 Speaker 1: a labor strike that lasted for five years. Hi, I'm 78 00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:55,040 Speaker 1: Eves and welcome to This Day in History Class, a 79 00:04:55,120 --> 00:05:05,600 Speaker 1: show that uncovers a little bit more about history every day. 80 00:05:08,040 --> 00:05:12,480 Speaker 1: The day was September seventh, nineteen thirty six. The last 81 00:05:12,640 --> 00:05:16,440 Speaker 1: dial a Scene, also known as the Tasmanian tiger, died 82 00:05:16,480 --> 00:05:20,560 Speaker 1: at the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania in nineteen eight six. 83 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:24,080 Speaker 1: After no Dialacene had been spotted for fifty years, the 84 00:05:24,160 --> 00:05:31,320 Speaker 1: animal was declared extinct. The thalacene, scientific name Thylacenus sinocephalus, 85 00:05:31,760 --> 00:05:36,400 Speaker 1: was a large carnivorous marsupial. Its fur was short and 86 00:05:36,560 --> 00:05:40,120 Speaker 1: yellowish brown or gray, and it had dark stripes across 87 00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:43,560 Speaker 1: its back from its shoulders to its tail. Its head 88 00:05:43,640 --> 00:05:47,200 Speaker 1: looked like a dog or wolves, and its ears were small, 89 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:51,159 Speaker 1: and females had a pouch for carrying their young. The 90 00:05:51,200 --> 00:05:55,760 Speaker 1: dialacene was mainly nocturnal. It once lived all over Australia, 91 00:05:55,920 --> 00:05:59,120 Speaker 1: from New Guinea to Tasmania, but in recent times it 92 00:05:59,240 --> 00:06:03,479 Speaker 1: was found only in Tasmania. The first recorded killing of 93 00:06:03,520 --> 00:06:06,599 Speaker 1: a thala scene by Europeans happened in eighteen o five. 94 00:06:07,200 --> 00:06:11,480 Speaker 1: After it was killed, the Lieutenant Governor of Tasmania, William Patterson, 95 00:06:11,760 --> 00:06:14,479 Speaker 1: sent a description of the animal to the Sydney Gazette. 96 00:06:15,200 --> 00:06:18,719 Speaker 1: He wrote, it is very evident this species is destructive 97 00:06:18,920 --> 00:06:22,960 Speaker 1: and lives entirely on animal food. On dissection, his stomach 98 00:06:23,040 --> 00:06:27,360 Speaker 1: was filled with a quantity of kangaroo. This deprecating take 99 00:06:27,400 --> 00:06:31,159 Speaker 1: of Thi la scenes was also evident in later European communications. 100 00:06:31,680 --> 00:06:36,160 Speaker 1: Tasmania's Assistant surveyor George Prudeaux Harris wrote that the animal 101 00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:40,279 Speaker 1: had a savage and malicious appearance, and that it appeared 102 00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:44,919 Speaker 1: inactive and stupid. Thyla scenes were also considered a threat 103 00:06:44,960 --> 00:06:48,200 Speaker 1: to sheep, though they were still quote cowardly and by 104 00:06:48,279 --> 00:06:52,480 Speaker 1: no means formidable to man, as later assistant surveyor George 105 00:06:52,520 --> 00:06:56,480 Speaker 1: William Evans put it in an eighty two book. Since 106 00:06:56,520 --> 00:06:59,559 Speaker 1: the thila scene was viewed as destructive to flocks of sheep, 107 00:06:59,800 --> 00:07:03,920 Speaker 1: it was hunted and people offered rewards for killing the animal. 108 00:07:05,200 --> 00:07:08,920 Speaker 1: But the rhetoric around the thalacenes savagery was just myth. 109 00:07:09,600 --> 00:07:13,320 Speaker 1: Minister John West of Lawn System wrote in eighteen fifty 110 00:07:13,640 --> 00:07:16,920 Speaker 1: the thi lacene kills sheep, but confines its attack to 111 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:20,480 Speaker 1: one at a time, and is therefore by no means 112 00:07:20,560 --> 00:07:24,920 Speaker 1: as destructive to a flock as the domestic dog become wild, 113 00:07:25,080 --> 00:07:28,880 Speaker 1: or as the Dingo of Australia, which both commit havoc 114 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:33,360 Speaker 1: in a single night. Still reports exaggerated the abundance of 115 00:07:33,400 --> 00:07:36,800 Speaker 1: thala scenes, how many sheep they killed, and how many 116 00:07:36,840 --> 00:07:41,200 Speaker 1: bounties were paid to kill them. Thylacenes were being blamed 117 00:07:41,200 --> 00:07:45,200 Speaker 1: for the attacks of wild dogs, poor management, rural depressions, 118 00:07:45,360 --> 00:07:49,960 Speaker 1: and other things that affected agricultural production. Though some people 119 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:53,680 Speaker 1: spoke up against thylacene killings, the animal continued to get 120 00:07:53,720 --> 00:07:57,920 Speaker 1: bad pressed and was the subject of propaganda. The government 121 00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:01,080 Speaker 1: even offered a bounty of one pound for every adult 122 00:08:01,120 --> 00:08:05,560 Speaker 1: thilacene killed and ended up sponsoring the killing of two thousand, 123 00:08:05,640 --> 00:08:09,720 Speaker 1: one and eighty four thalacenes. By the beginning of the 124 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:14,600 Speaker 1: twentieth century, the number of thalacenes killed and bounties offered decreased. 125 00:08:15,120 --> 00:08:18,640 Speaker 1: Throughout the beginning of the century, the animal became rarer 126 00:08:18,720 --> 00:08:22,240 Speaker 1: as it faced competition from wild dogs, the destruction of 127 00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:26,880 Speaker 1: its habitat, and disease in addition to hunting. The last 128 00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:31,280 Speaker 1: known wild dialacene was shot in nineteen thirty. The last 129 00:08:31,320 --> 00:08:35,600 Speaker 1: captive dialacene, named Benjamin after its death, was held at 130 00:08:35,600 --> 00:08:40,040 Speaker 1: the Hobart Zoo. It died on September seventh, nineteen thirty six, 131 00:08:40,440 --> 00:08:45,040 Speaker 1: probably from neglect. The dialacene was reportedly locked out of 132 00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:48,680 Speaker 1: its shelter and could have died from the cold. The 133 00:08:48,800 --> 00:08:52,880 Speaker 1: July before Benjamin died, Tasmania had listed the thi lacene 134 00:08:52,960 --> 00:08:56,840 Speaker 1: as a protected species. The thalacene was listed as an 135 00:08:56,920 --> 00:09:01,480 Speaker 1: endangered species until it was declared extent by the International 136 00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:05,600 Speaker 1: Union for Conservation of Nature in nineteen eighty two and 137 00:09:05,920 --> 00:09:10,960 Speaker 1: the Tasmanian government in nineteen eighty six. In nineteen ninety six, 138 00:09:11,280 --> 00:09:16,880 Speaker 1: Australia declared September seven National Threatened Species Day. I'm each 139 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:19,280 Speaker 1: Jeff Code and hopefully you know a little more about 140 00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:23,319 Speaker 1: history today than you did yesterday. You can follow us 141 00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:28,840 Speaker 1: on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook at t d i h 142 00:09:29,040 --> 00:09:36,719 Speaker 1: C podcast We'll see You Tomorrow. For more podcasts from 143 00:09:36,720 --> 00:09:39,520 Speaker 1: I Heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 144 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:41,280 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.