Speaker 1: Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of iHeartRadio and Grimm
Speaker 1: and Mild from Aaron Mankie listener Discretion advised June Jungpil
Speaker 1: had to move quickly, but without bringing too much attention
Speaker 1: to himself or his mission. He had ten thousand one
Speaker 1: on him, which was enough money to buy several beautiful homes,
Speaker 1: but that money was for something far more valuable than
Speaker 1: a city block of mansions, something far more precious than
Speaker 1: he could let on. June headed south from Seoul towards
Speaker 1: the city of Endong with his cash in tow and
Speaker 1: his mind set on purchasing one of the most important
Speaker 1: documents in Korean history. The year was nineteen forty and
Speaker 1: Korea was in its thirtieth year under official Japanese imperial control.
Speaker 1: As is fashionable for imperial rulers to do, the Japanese
Speaker 1: government had made it a policy to suppress the Korean
Speaker 1: people and Korean culture, going so far as to outlaw
Speaker 1: Korean names. The government had also been chipping away at
Speaker 1: Korean heritage and history through a variety of programs, including
Speaker 1: taking national artifacts from the Korean peninsula to mainland Japan.
Speaker 1: If the government knew about the existence of John's desired possession.
Speaker 1: They would surely seize it and whisk it away, perhaps
Speaker 1: even destroy it. As a collector of Korean antiques and
Speaker 1: artifacts and an ardent believer in the beauty of Korean
Speaker 1: art and history, June could not let Japan's colonial regime
Speaker 1: steal an item so essential to Korean heritage. So as
Speaker 1: he traveled out of Seoul, June tried to contain his
Speaker 1: excitement and his anxiety. Once in Endong, John headed for
Speaker 1: the antique dealer's store. The ten thousand one he carried
Speaker 1: felt heavier and heavier the closer he got, and June
Speaker 1: couldn't help but look over his shoulder every time he
Speaker 1: turned a corner. The anticipation was gnawing at him. Was
Speaker 1: the document actually real? Could someone have beaten him to it?
Speaker 1: What if he was too late? His thoughts went silent
Speaker 1: as he stepped into the shop. Before the door could
Speaker 1: even close behind him, June made eye contact with the
Speaker 1: shopkeeper and introduced himself. The antique dealer disappeared into a
Speaker 1: back room and returned moments later holding a book. He
Speaker 1: flipped open the pages of the book and explained it
Speaker 1: was an heirloom of the House of Kim, Therein and Dong,
Speaker 1: but John already knew that. He also knew that they
Speaker 1: had only been asking one thousand wan for the book,
Speaker 1: but John had sent a telegram ahead promising ten thousand
Speaker 1: if they held it for him. After admiring the book
Speaker 1: for a few moments, June handed the man the money
Speaker 1: and watched as the shopkeeper carefully wrapped the book up
Speaker 1: for him. Now that the document was his, he wouldn't
Speaker 1: let it out of his sight. He would protect it
Speaker 1: with his life. As he headed back to Seoul, June
Speaker 1: couldn't believe what he was now holding. What was now his,
Speaker 1: This piece of Korean heritage was worth far more than
Speaker 1: the ten thousand one he had shelled out for it.
Speaker 1: He now owned the only known copy of The Human
Speaker 1: Jingham Hera, first published in fourteen forty six, the text
Speaker 1: that explains King Sejong's greatest invention, a new alphabet quote.
Speaker 1: The spoken language of our country is different from that
Speaker 1: of China and does not suit the Chinese characters. Therefore,
Speaker 1: amongst uneducated people, there have been many who, having something
Speaker 1: they wished to put into words, have been unable to
Speaker 1: express their feelings in writing. I am greatly distressed because
Speaker 1: of this, and so I have made twenty eight new letters.
Speaker 1: Let every one practice them at their ease and adapt
Speaker 1: them to their daily use. End quote. While his creation
Speaker 1: was underappreciated at the time, King Sijung's new alphabet, now
Speaker 1: called Hengul, was a revolutionary way to codify human language.
Speaker 1: Never before had humans invented a script for which the
Speaker 1: exact reasoning behind each aspect of it could be articulated.
Speaker 1: Modern scholars, but especially modern linguists, recognize King Sijung's alphabet
Speaker 1: to be one of humanity's greatest achievements. With his purchase
Speaker 1: of the human jingom heire Jung Jungpil saved in artifact
Speaker 1: not only crucial to Korean history, but also to our
Speaker 1: understanding of one of humanity's most ingenious creations. I'm Danish schwartz,
Speaker 1: and this is noble blood. Only one monarch in Korean
Speaker 1: history bears the moniker the Great Sejong the Great, fourth
Speaker 1: monarch of the Josian dynasty. He ruled over Korea for
Speaker 1: thirty two years from fourteen eighteen to fourteen fifty, and
Speaker 1: is still heralded as a ruler who put the well
Speaker 1: being of his subjects before all else. For our American listeners.
Speaker 1: His status in Korean society can be compared to George Washington's.
Speaker 1: He is a foundational figure in Korea's collective of conchas.
Speaker 1: Sijong inherited the throne at a crucial point in the
Speaker 1: Josian Dynasty's history. The Josian dynasty, which controlled modern day
Speaker 1: North and South Korea, had toppled the previous dynasty just
Speaker 1: thirty years earlier, which in dynasty times is pretty much nothing,
Speaker 1: and most of the turmoil that came with the dissolution
Speaker 1: of one dynasty and the rise of another had by
Speaker 1: this point pretty much subsided. So now Sejong needed to
Speaker 1: establish the identity of the Josian dynasty and weave it
Speaker 1: together with that of Koreas. Fortunately, Seijong was up to
Speaker 1: the task. Despite being young when he first rose to power,
Speaker 1: he was an incredibly wise ruler. His mentality is summed
Speaker 1: up well by this quote attributed to him, which is,
Speaker 1: if the people prosper, how can the king not prosper
Speaker 1: with them? And if the people do not prosper, how
Speaker 1: may the king prosper without them? That quote captures exactly
Speaker 1: how Seijung's commitment to his subject's well being drove both
Speaker 1: his politics and his personal actions. We have the incredibly
Speaker 1: detailed and organized siloc Or annals of the Josian dynasty
Speaker 1: to thank for such specific quotes from King Sejung, as
Speaker 1: well as for detailed descriptions of his life. While we
Speaker 1: should take the writings in those annals with a grain
Speaker 1: of salt, given that they were written for the express
Speaker 1: purpose of recording for posterity the king's greatness, they are
Speaker 1: useful sources in that they demonstrate which traits and accomplishments
Speaker 1: King Sejung valued and therefore wanted to be portrayed as being.
Speaker 1: And having done, I will say King Sejung did have
Speaker 1: a lot of accomplishments to be proud of. He was
Speaker 1: a thoughtful politician, careful not to over tax his subjects,
Speaker 1: and compassionate in his policies. He also strengthened the country's
Speaker 1: army with innovative and improved weaponry. But that's not all.
Speaker 1: Sijung was also accomplished outside the areas typically within a
Speaker 1: monarch's purview. He had a deep regard for wisdom, and
Speaker 1: he formed a royal academy known as the Hall of Worthies,
Speaker 1: where scholars would provide lectures for him and participate in
Speaker 1: debates with him. The scholars could write books, conduct research,
Speaker 1: and they would invent any number of things that would
Speaker 1: better the lives of everyday Koreans. Some of those inventions
Speaker 1: include the world's first standardized rain gage, an updated calendar system,
Speaker 1: and a new type of printing press. Scholars in the
Speaker 1: Hall of Worthies also published treatises on farming specifically in Korean,
Speaker 1: as well as on traditional Korean medicinal knowledge. While scholars
Speaker 1: in the Hall of Worthies ultimately created many of the
Speaker 1: achievements attributed to Sejong's reign, we can't ignore that it
Speaker 1: was Seijong's patronage that fostered their creativity. Artists were also
Speaker 1: beneficiaries of Seijung's support, as his patronage resulted in the
Speaker 1: publication of many books, the creation of hundreds of new
Speaker 1: musical compositions, and the invention of a new musical instrument.
Speaker 1: But one of his contributions stands head and shoulders above
Speaker 1: the rest. Of all of King Sejong's inventions and contributions.
Speaker 1: There's one that's the most dazzling, the invention of an
Speaker 1: entirely new writing system. Hangul is a script whose modern
Speaker 1: version contains twenty four basic letters, fourteen consonants, and ten vowels.
Speaker 1: The script is both alphabetic since specific symbols symbolize certain sounds,
Speaker 1: and syllabic because symbols can get combined to create a
Speaker 1: syllabic unit. Traditionally, Hangle was written like other Asian scripts,
Speaker 1: top to bottom, right to left, but nowadays Hangul is
Speaker 1: typically written left to right. You might be asking yourself, Dana,
Speaker 1: why do I care that King Sejun created a new
Speaker 1: script in the fifteen hundreds? Out of everything he did,
Speaker 1: it seems pretty cool, but otherwise not particularly life changing,
Speaker 1: And you'd be right that perhaps creating a new writing
Speaker 1: system isn't the most consequential thing a monarch can do.
Speaker 1: But King Sejung and his Hall of worthies accomplished something
Speaker 1: never done before, inventing a script for which the theory
Speaker 1: and motives for it are fully articulated. Okay, if you're
Speaker 1: not a linguistics nerd, let me walk out why this
Speaker 1: is so cool. So almost all other alphabets and scripts
Speaker 1: that humans have used have evolved over thousands of years
Speaker 1: with no overarching theoretical guidelines dictating its structure. Hangoul is
Speaker 1: the first alphabet of its kind. There's a systemic reasoning
Speaker 1: behind each facet of the script, and we know all
Speaker 1: of those reasons. Furthermore, the theory behind the script is
Speaker 1: pretty impressive. The symbols represent the shape that human speech
Speaker 1: organs like the tongue and throat make when various sounds
Speaker 1: are made. So technically, if one knows what sound every
Speaker 1: symbol represents, one could write many different languages using Hangoul.
Speaker 1: Most linguists and scholars agree that Hengele is an immensely
Speaker 1: creative achievement that should be counted among humankind's greatest creations,
Speaker 1: which is some pretty high praise. I should note that
Speaker 1: the more commonly used name for this script, and the
Speaker 1: name I'll be using, Hangul, was actually coined in nineteen
Speaker 1: twelve by Korean linguist Jews Sai Jung. Hangoule's original name
Speaker 1: was human Jiongam, which translates to quote correct sounds for
Speaker 1: the instruction of the people. If you recall, the document
Speaker 1: that Jong Jung pill traveled across Korea to buy in
Speaker 1: the introduction to this episode was called the Human jiong Hoay,
Speaker 1: which translates to quote explanations and examples of the proper
Speaker 1: sounds for the instruction of the people. The translation of
Speaker 1: Hangoule's original name illuminates King Sejung's motivation behind his invention.
Speaker 1: I mean, most monarchs dedicated their free time to leading
Speaker 1: hunting expeditions or luxuriating with their mistresses, not personally having
Speaker 1: a hand in creating a new writing system unlike anything
Speaker 1: seen before in human history. But King Seijun's motivation as
Speaker 1: a king was to better the lives of his subjects,
Speaker 1: and he believed that a writing system custom designed for
Speaker 1: the Korean language would be a crucial tool for achieving
Speaker 1: betterment through education. At the time he lived, the vast
Speaker 1: majority of published material in Korea was written in Chinese.
Speaker 1: If we're being more specific, Koreans were reading classical Chinese
Speaker 1: texts and writing new text in the Chinese language or
Speaker 1: in Hanga, a Chinese script retrofitted to represent the Korean language,
Speaker 1: So in order to be literate, one had to memorize
Speaker 1: thousands of Chinese characters. It should be no surprise then,
Speaker 1: that literacy was a difficult skill to achieve and a
Speaker 1: skill reserved for the elites in Korea. King Sejung hoped
Speaker 1: to bring literacy to the masses with a writing system
Speaker 1: that had a smaller number of symbols, therefore infinitely easier
Speaker 1: to learn, and made specifically for the Korean language. So,
Speaker 1: in fourteen forty three, Hungle was officially announced, and the
Speaker 1: books detailing the logic behind the script and how to
Speaker 1: read and write it were published a few years later
Speaker 1: in fourteen forty six aka the book that Jong Yungpil bought. Interestingly,
Speaker 1: we aren't entirely certain who specifically invented Hengul, because there
Speaker 1: is no record of the project before it was announced
Speaker 1: as completed. Was it Sejung all by himself, or did
Speaker 1: one or more of the scholars in the Hall of
Speaker 1: Worthies invented at his behest, or maybe it was a collaboration.
Speaker 1: Most scholars believe that Seijung and his scholars collaborated on
Speaker 1: the language, but that the king did indeed play a
Speaker 1: large personal role in creating the script. In fact, records
Speaker 1: indicate that Seijung pushed through neurologia, diabetes, and worsening eyesight
Speaker 1: in order to work on the language even after it
Speaker 1: was announced, going so far as to bring his linguistic
Speaker 1: books with him on a trip to Hot Springs when
Speaker 1: he was trying to recover his health. As you might
Speaker 1: be able to guess, Korean elites were not thrilled with
Speaker 1: the King's new invention. The creation of a new script
Speaker 1: disrupted centuries of custom that privileged the Chinese life language
Speaker 1: over Korean, which they knew. On top of that, they
Speaker 1: weren't thrilled with the idea that the general population could
Speaker 1: now have access to the politically powerful tools of reading
Speaker 1: and writing. Such a change threatened their status. Now elites
Speaker 1: couldn't just come out and say that they felt threatened
Speaker 1: by the language, so instead they crafted other arguments against
Speaker 1: the new script. Famously, Choi Manly, an associate professor in
Speaker 1: the Hall of Worthies, expressed this critique quote, since the
Speaker 1: new alphabet is so easily understood, I fear that the
Speaker 1: people will fall into laziness and never make efforts to learn.
Speaker 1: Those who do not use Chinese characters, but other letters
Speaker 1: and alphabets are all barbarians without exception to use new letters,
Speaker 1: which surely make us barbarians ourselves. Why does your Highness
Speaker 1: seek to alter a language that has been used since
Speaker 1: early antiquity and has no ill effects, and place alongside
Speaker 1: it a set of course and vulgar characters of no
Speaker 1: worth at all. In other words, if reading and writing
Speaker 1: is easy, that'll make us lazy barbarians. But King Sejung
Speaker 1: was not deterred by his critics. Beyond believing in his mission,
Speaker 1: he was not about to abandon a project he dedicated
Speaker 1: years to, and so the king stuck to his guns
Speaker 1: and began publishing all of his royal edicts in both
Speaker 1: Chinese Hunga and in Hungoul. He commissioned classical works of
Speaker 1: literature transcribed into Hungul and made Hungul a required portion
Speaker 1: of the state exam. For the remainder of his reign,
Speaker 1: Sejung went out of his way to promote Hangoul in
Speaker 1: the hopes that his fellow nobles would come to see
Speaker 1: the beauty and benefits of his greatest creation. Unfortunately, despite
Speaker 1: his best efforts, when King Sejong passed away in fourteen fifty,
Speaker 1: so too died the push to use Hangul. The script
Speaker 1: fell into disuse by the elites, who gave the language
Speaker 1: nicknames that translate to quote the vulgar Script, the woman's Script,
Speaker 1: and the children's Script. Eventually, things went beyond just social
Speaker 1: ostracism when in fifteen o four, an anonymous writer published
Speaker 1: criticisms of the then king in Hangul. The king was
Speaker 1: so furious with this publication that he outlawed the script.
Speaker 1: So for the four centuries after Hungul was created, the
Speaker 1: nobility in Korea relegated the language to the dusty storage
Speaker 1: of history. But listener, fear not, King Sejung's magnificent creation
Speaker 1: was not lost to society entirely, and we can thank
Speaker 1: religious minorities, women and my favorite people, writers and artists
Speaker 1: for that. Like I just mentioned, one of the supposedly
Speaker 1: derogatory nicknames for hangoul used to be the quote Women's script.
Speaker 1: Looking past the fact that being associated with women was
Speaker 1: supposedly a bad thing, this nickname actually reveals that women
Speaker 1: were substantial in keeping Hungoul in use. Further, it appears
Speaker 1: that women across social classes used hangoul from records referencing
Speaker 1: intercept personal notes, we know that women in the royal
Speaker 1: family used hangoul for their everyday writing, so too did
Speaker 1: women in lower classes, who were less likely to receive
Speaker 1: an education in the complicated Chinese characters. Additionally, Korean Buddhists
Speaker 1: were some of the first advocates of hangoul after King Sejung,
Speaker 1: and they played a large role in the preservation of
Speaker 1: hangoul from King Sejung's time onward. Although the official policy
Speaker 1: of the Josian dynasty was to promote Confucianism and repress Buddhism,
Speaker 1: Buddhism still managed to maintain a significant foothold amongst the
Speaker 1: general population when translating and printing scripture meant to serve
Speaker 1: the common people. Buddhist monks used hangoul. Thus in their
Speaker 1: efforts to bring people to Buddhism. These monks preserved and
Speaker 1: taught hangoul throughout Korea. European missionaries also relied on hangoul
Speaker 1: to teach the Bible and teach Christian practices, ultimately spreading
Speaker 1: Hangol in the same way Buddhist monks did. While those
Speaker 1: with religious motivation saw the usefulness of hangoul, they weren't alone.
Speaker 1: Starting in the late sixteenth century, there was a renaissance
Speaker 1: of literature and poetry in Korea, and many of those
Speaker 1: forms utilized hangoul. Gasa and Sizo forms of poetry in particular,
Speaker 1: used the language. A continuation of that renaissance, hangoul novels
Speaker 1: came into popularity in the seventeenth century. Korean readers were
Speaker 1: looking for stories similar to those from Chinese novels of
Speaker 1: the time that told love stories and adventures. Some of
Speaker 1: those first novels were just translations of Chinese stories into Hangoul,
Speaker 1: but soon a flourishing industry of original Hangoul novels developed.
Speaker 1: Hangoul novels specifically meant for a female audience were also
Speaker 1: quite popular and further helped disseminate the language to populations
Speaker 1: even less likely to be literate. While books and religious
Speaker 1: texts are some of the easiest artifacts Demonstratinghungul's usage, there
Speaker 1: were other less remarkable ways that people preserved and used Hungoul.
Speaker 1: The script was popular amongst the urban middle class of
Speaker 1: bureaucrats and administrators for records and bookkeepings. All of these groups, poets, Buddhists, women, Christians,
Speaker 1: the middle class, bureaucrats, and more kept Hungul alive and
Speaker 1: in use for centuries after Sejung's passing in the nineteenth century,
Speaker 1: as nationalism in Korea rose, so too did people's usage
Speaker 1: of Hangoul. Finally, in eighteen forty nine, the script was
Speaker 1: adopted as the national writing system of Korea, and it
Speaker 1: was used for the first time in the modern era
Speaker 1: for official government documents. There was the period under Japanese
Speaker 1: colonial rule when Hangoul was outlawed, but since Korea's liberation
Speaker 1: in nineteen forty five, Hangoul has been the official writing
Speaker 1: system of Korea, now North Korea and South Korea respectively.
Speaker 1: In South Korea specifically, the country's literacy rate at the
Speaker 1: end of World War II was roughly twenty two percent.
Speaker 1: Now the country has a literacy rate of ninety seven
Speaker 1: point nine percent. Now, I'm not attempting to attribute that
Speaker 1: growth to just Hangoul becoming the official writing system by
Speaker 1: any means. I only mention it because all I can
Speaker 1: think is that King Seijung would be so proud to
Speaker 1: note just how many people use his creation every day,
Speaker 1: just like he wanted. Anyone who quote having something they
Speaker 1: wished to put into words, is now able to express
Speaker 1: their feelings in writing. Keep listening after a brief sponsor break,
Speaker 1: to hear about the current court case going on in
Speaker 1: South Korea over the second known copy of the Human
Speaker 1: Juniam Here and the fire which threatened its very existence.
Speaker 1: As I mentioned in the introduction to today's episode, until
Speaker 1: June Jungpil found a copy of The Human jing and
Speaker 1: Here in nineteen forty that important part of Korean history
Speaker 1: was believed to have been lost to history forever, and
Speaker 1: until two thousand and eight, Jones copy was believed to
Speaker 1: be the only remaining copy of that text in the world.
Speaker 1: That is, until another collector stepped forward with a second copy.
Speaker 1: In two thousand and eight, Bei Ikji, a rare book
Speaker 1: collector and scholar with a specialization in classic Chinese literature,
Speaker 1: declared declared to the world that he had found a
Speaker 1: copy of The Human Jingham here tucked away amongst two
Speaker 1: boxes of ancient books that he had found earlier that year.
Speaker 1: After Bay went public with his find, South Korea's Cultural
Speaker 1: Heritage Administration, also known as the CHA, visited his home
Speaker 1: to inspect the document. The CHA ultimately validated that document's legitimacy.
Speaker 1: They declared it to be quote authentic, in good shape,
Speaker 1: and even has a footnote. The administration even went so
Speaker 1: far as to compare it to the copy found in
Speaker 1: nineteen forty quote. This copy seems to be in better
Speaker 1: condition than the current National treasure, despite its loss of
Speaker 1: four pages of the preface and one page of the
Speaker 1: latter part. The footnote on the newly discovered version was
Speaker 1: particularly exciting because the copy Jong had purchased in nineteen
Speaker 1: forty did not have that footnote. It appears to have
Speaker 1: been written by a scholar contemporary with King Sei Jung,
Speaker 1: therefore adding to our understanding of how scholars interpreted Hangul
Speaker 1: when it was first announced. But unfortunately, almost everybody has
Speaker 1: been unable to see that footnote because Bey's copy of
Speaker 1: The Human jingam Here has courted controversy almost from the
Speaker 1: moment its existence became public knowledge. As I mentioned, Bee
Speaker 1: claimed that he had found the manuscript essentially hidden away
Speaker 1: and forgotten about, in a box of rare books that
Speaker 1: he happened to buy. A month after the announcement of
Speaker 1: the manuscript's discovery, the antique dealer who had sold him
Speaker 1: that box of books came forward and stated that the
Speaker 1: Human jingam Here was not supposed to be in those boxes.
Speaker 1: Bey had stolen it from him. The antique dealer promptly
Speaker 1: filed civil and criminal suits against Bey. In the criminal case,
Speaker 1: it was initially ruled that Bey was guilty and should
Speaker 1: serve ten years in jail. However, the case was appealed
Speaker 1: all the way to South Korea's Supreme Court, who declared
Speaker 1: Bee innocent. The civil case, on the other hand, turned
Speaker 1: out in the antique dealer's favor. That antique dealer named
Speaker 1: Joe ultimately one, and judges from the lower courts all
Speaker 1: the way to the Supreme Court ruled that the document
Speaker 1: should be returned to Joe upon being awarded legally recognized
Speaker 1: ownership of the human Jingham here. In twenty eleven, Joe
Speaker 1: announced that he would donate the document to the CCHA,
Speaker 1: and in twenty twelve they held a donation ceremony shortly
Speaker 1: before Joe passed away. So if Joe donated the book
Speaker 1: to CHA, why haven't many people seen it? The donation
Speaker 1: ceremony was purely ceremonial. None of them actually had the book.
Speaker 1: Despite the fact that Bee was found legally responsible for
Speaker 1: returning the rare document to Joe, Bee refused and he
Speaker 1: hid the manuscript away. CCHA has conducted multiple raids on
Speaker 1: Bey's home and office, but they've been unable to find anything.
Speaker 1: To this day, Be still has the document hidden away.
Speaker 1: But I am not done regaling you with the journey
Speaker 1: of this human Jingham Here. Things got even messier in
Speaker 1: twenty fifteen when a fire broke out in Bey's home,
Speaker 1: where he was presumably hiding the document Be claims that
Speaker 1: he broke into his home while was on fire so
Speaker 1: that he could save the document. To prove his claim,
Speaker 1: he released a photo to the news showing the human
Speaker 1: Jingham here, still intact, but with its edges seared by
Speaker 1: the flames. After releasing those photos, Bey hid the document
Speaker 1: away again, and it is still in his possession to
Speaker 1: this day, despite many attempts by the CHA to recover it.
Speaker 1: Negotiations between Bey and the CHA over the document are
Speaker 1: still ongoing, but constantly stall out, with Bey asking for
Speaker 1: only one hundred billion wand which is only one tenth
Speaker 1: of the documents supposed one trillion one value, but the
Speaker 1: CHA is only offering him one hundred million one. We
Speaker 1: will have to stay tuned to see what twists and
Speaker 1: turns come next in the drama surrounding the document, but
Speaker 1: we can all hope that now one day it'll be
Speaker 1: available to the public to anyone who wishes to see
Speaker 1: a critical part of Hanghoul's history. After all, the language
Speaker 1: itself was meant to empower the people, its documents, and
Speaker 1: its history should be available, in my opinion, to the
Speaker 1: people as well. Noble Blood is a production of iHeart
Speaker 1: Radio and Grim and mild from Aaron Mankey. Noble Blood
Speaker 1: is hosted by me Dana Schwartz, with additional writing and
Speaker 1: research by Hannah Johnston, Hannaswick, Courtney Sender, Amy Hit and
Speaker 1: Julia Melaney. The show is edited and produced by Jesse Funk,
Speaker 1: with supervising producer rima il KLi and executive producers Aaron Manke,
Speaker 1: Trevor Young, and Matt Frederick. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio,
Speaker 1: visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen
Speaker 1: to your favorite shows.