1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,560 Speaker 1: Hi, This is newt Twenty twenty is going to be 2 00:00:02,600 --> 00:00:05,080 Speaker 1: one of the most extraordinary election years of our lifetime. 3 00:00:05,720 --> 00:00:08,080 Speaker 1: I want to invite you to join my Inner Circle 4 00:00:08,520 --> 00:00:11,520 Speaker 1: as we discuss each twist and turn in the presidential race. 5 00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:16,120 Speaker 1: In my members only Inner Circle Club, you'll receive special 6 00:00:16,160 --> 00:00:21,040 Speaker 1: flash briefings, online events, and members only audio reports from 7 00:00:21,079 --> 00:00:23,680 Speaker 1: me and my team. Here is a special offer for 8 00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:28,080 Speaker 1: my podcast listeners. 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Join my Inner Circle today at Newtcenter 13 00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:47,120 Speaker 1: Circle dot com slash podcast use the Code podcast at checkout. 14 00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:51,840 Speaker 1: Sign up today at Newtcenter Circle dot com slash podcast 15 00:00:51,880 --> 00:01:04,760 Speaker 1: and use the Code podcast Hurry this Offtway Spires, February fourteenth. 16 00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:07,720 Speaker 1: On this episode of Newsworld, I'm going to talk about 17 00:01:07,880 --> 00:01:12,039 Speaker 1: what I think is the greatest single miracle to occur 18 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:17,400 Speaker 1: for America on Christmas Day. In fact, such an improbable 19 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:22,240 Speaker 1: achievement that General Washington would say many years later, anybody 20 00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:25,320 Speaker 1: who thought that they had achieved this without the hand 21 00:01:25,360 --> 00:01:29,800 Speaker 1: of divine providence simply did not understand what happened, And 22 00:01:30,160 --> 00:01:33,040 Speaker 1: what I'm going to talk about is December twenty fifth, 23 00:01:33,720 --> 00:01:38,560 Speaker 1: seventeen seventy six, and the following day, December twenty sixth, 24 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:43,800 Speaker 1: seventeen seventy six, the entire revolution hung in the balance. 25 00:01:44,440 --> 00:01:48,320 Speaker 1: It is conceivable it would have collapsed in that brief period, 26 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:53,400 Speaker 1: and the achievement turned everything around. So let me paint 27 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:54,720 Speaker 1: a little bit of the story for you so you 28 00:01:54,760 --> 00:01:59,000 Speaker 1: can understand why this had become such a remarkable moment. 29 00:02:13,440 --> 00:02:16,560 Speaker 1: Washington had been picked to head up the Continental Army 30 00:02:17,080 --> 00:02:20,200 Speaker 1: because the original forces were all in New England and 31 00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:23,920 Speaker 1: they were all surrounding Boston, and the Continal Congress knew 32 00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:27,680 Speaker 1: they needed a Virginian. Virginia was the biggest colony. They 33 00:02:27,720 --> 00:02:32,280 Speaker 1: needed somebody from the South to unify the effort and 34 00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:34,840 Speaker 1: to make it a national effort and not just the 35 00:02:34,919 --> 00:02:39,639 Speaker 1: New England effort. Washington had been at the Continal Congress 36 00:02:39,880 --> 00:02:43,920 Speaker 1: wearing his uniform as a member of the Virginia Militia, 37 00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:47,919 Speaker 1: the only uniform personal Coninal Congress, and when he is 38 00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:50,600 Speaker 1: asked if he'd be willing to go to New England 39 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:53,320 Speaker 1: to take over the army. He worries about it, he's 40 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:55,679 Speaker 1: not sure he can do it, but that he will 41 00:02:55,720 --> 00:02:58,320 Speaker 1: serve as a patriot and do it if called upon. 42 00:02:58,840 --> 00:03:02,160 Speaker 1: You have to understand how really different this was. People 43 00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:07,119 Speaker 1: who were small farmers and freeholders and many ways came 44 00:03:07,160 --> 00:03:11,320 Speaker 1: out of a Puritan background in New England were really 45 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:15,480 Speaker 1: different from Virginians. Here's Washington, who probably was the largest 46 00:03:15,560 --> 00:03:20,240 Speaker 1: landholder in the colonies, who was clearly an aristocrat. He's 47 00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:23,000 Speaker 1: physically huge for his time. If you were going to 48 00:03:23,080 --> 00:03:27,440 Speaker 1: play Washington today, you'd probably get an NFL offensive tackle 49 00:03:27,840 --> 00:03:30,600 Speaker 1: who is who's that much bigger than people around him. 50 00:03:31,040 --> 00:03:33,560 Speaker 1: And they get used to each other and they begin 51 00:03:33,639 --> 00:03:36,720 Speaker 1: to realize this is a serious man. He's a man 52 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:40,760 Speaker 1: of great honor, he has enormous courage, and he really 53 00:03:41,320 --> 00:03:45,520 Speaker 1: knows a lot about leadership. They gradually forced the British 54 00:03:45,560 --> 00:03:48,800 Speaker 1: to leave Boston's a huge victory for them because they 55 00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:52,240 Speaker 1: had taken over Dorchester Heights, and the British should recognize 56 00:03:52,280 --> 00:03:55,280 Speaker 1: that their ships would not survive if the Americans would 57 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:58,040 Speaker 1: cannon up in the heights. And they had found a 58 00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:01,040 Speaker 1: bunch of cannon over in Vermont, and we're bringing back 59 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:05,240 Speaker 1: across to Boston, literally to drive the British out. So 60 00:04:05,280 --> 00:04:09,320 Speaker 1: the Royal Navy leaves Boston. It's a great moment. People 61 00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:13,840 Speaker 1: feel good about themselves across all of the colonies. There's 62 00:04:13,880 --> 00:04:16,120 Speaker 1: this sense that we can stand up to the British. 63 00:04:16,720 --> 00:04:19,039 Speaker 1: And Washington thinks about where will they go next, because 64 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:21,279 Speaker 1: he knows they're not done, and he knows that with 65 00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:24,920 Speaker 1: the Royal Navy they have enormous mobility, and so he 66 00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:28,320 Speaker 1: figures out correctly that their next stop will be to 67 00:04:28,360 --> 00:04:32,039 Speaker 1: go to New York. So Washington marches his army down 68 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:34,520 Speaker 1: to New York and decides that they will fight on 69 00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:38,200 Speaker 1: Long Island. There's a huge problem. Now. Washington had won 70 00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:44,599 Speaker 1: a victory in fixed defenses against the British army because 71 00:04:44,640 --> 00:04:47,360 Speaker 1: if they were attacking against Americans who were dug in, 72 00:04:47,800 --> 00:04:50,919 Speaker 1: the Americans could keep reloading and shooting, but they didn't 73 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:55,279 Speaker 1: have to worry about standing under combat. Now on Long Island, 74 00:04:55,360 --> 00:04:57,160 Speaker 1: there's going to be room for the British to maneuver, 75 00:04:57,720 --> 00:05:01,440 Speaker 1: and the Americans aren't trained enough to fight against an 76 00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:04,880 Speaker 1: army that can maneuver and an army of professionals. So 77 00:05:05,279 --> 00:05:08,800 Speaker 1: Washington gets beaten. They autumnly end up in one of 78 00:05:08,800 --> 00:05:12,200 Speaker 1: the first great miracles of the American Revolution, and that 79 00:05:12,400 --> 00:05:16,080 Speaker 1: is as they are about to be crushed by the British, 80 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:20,880 Speaker 1: an enormous fog comes in. The Royal Navy is sitting 81 00:05:20,920 --> 00:05:24,680 Speaker 1: in the East River, prepared to destroy the Americans if 82 00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:27,800 Speaker 1: they try to retreat from Long Island. But when the 83 00:05:27,839 --> 00:05:30,560 Speaker 1: fog comes in, the Royal Navy can't see what the 84 00:05:30,560 --> 00:05:33,560 Speaker 1: Americans are doing, and because they have a group of 85 00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:37,360 Speaker 1: boatmen from New England, particularly the marble Head fishermen, they 86 00:05:37,360 --> 00:05:41,800 Speaker 1: are able to row across all night long, gradually taking 87 00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:44,960 Speaker 1: most of the Army off of Long Island. By the 88 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:49,000 Speaker 1: time the fog lifts, about ninety percent the armies gotten across, 89 00:05:49,040 --> 00:05:52,640 Speaker 1: including Washington, so what could have been a total disaster 90 00:05:53,040 --> 00:05:57,520 Speaker 1: merely becomes a defeat. They are then driven north along Manhattan. 91 00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:01,520 Speaker 1: Remember back then, the actual area inhabited was very small 92 00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:04,039 Speaker 1: and at the tip down around where Wall Street is. 93 00:06:04,520 --> 00:06:07,360 Speaker 1: The rest of the place was basically farmland, and so 94 00:06:07,400 --> 00:06:10,200 Speaker 1: the Royal Navy keeps moving up. And one of the 95 00:06:10,240 --> 00:06:12,800 Speaker 1: things to remember about this is if you are close 96 00:06:12,880 --> 00:06:16,919 Speaker 1: to the ocean, the British dominate a British ship of 97 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:19,320 Speaker 1: the line, which meant a ship that could stand in 98 00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:21,600 Speaker 1: the line and fight other big ships could have up 99 00:06:21,640 --> 00:06:25,200 Speaker 1: to one hundred and forty four guns. That's more cannon 100 00:06:25,720 --> 00:06:29,120 Speaker 1: than the entire American army. And so when you got 101 00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:31,520 Speaker 1: five or six or seven of these ships together, there's 102 00:06:31,600 --> 00:06:34,360 Speaker 1: no way any American unit could stand up to So 103 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:38,400 Speaker 1: they gradually drive Washington north to Washington Heights and then 104 00:06:38,440 --> 00:06:43,640 Speaker 1: autumnly across the Bronx up to White Plains. In the process, 105 00:06:43,800 --> 00:06:46,600 Speaker 1: some of Washington's guys come up with a clever idea 106 00:06:46,680 --> 00:06:48,760 Speaker 1: that they're going to put three thousand men in a fort, 107 00:06:49,040 --> 00:06:52,200 Speaker 1: which they're then going to call Fort Washington. Faced with that, 108 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:56,320 Speaker 1: the British simply take the fort. Three thousand Americans surrender. 109 00:06:56,640 --> 00:06:59,640 Speaker 1: It's a double of embarrassment because it's named Fort Washington. 110 00:07:00,360 --> 00:07:04,039 Speaker 1: There's a real sense of despair in the army. They're 111 00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:06,560 Speaker 1: then chased all the way down across just above New 112 00:07:06,640 --> 00:07:10,880 Speaker 1: York City, down across the Palisades in New Jersey, across 113 00:07:10,960 --> 00:07:14,000 Speaker 1: the state of New Jersey, and they finally end up 114 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:18,040 Speaker 1: near Philadelphia. Now they go from an army of about 115 00:07:18,120 --> 00:07:22,360 Speaker 1: thirty thousand regulars who were capable of fighting in the 116 00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:27,840 Speaker 1: early September in New York, and they gradually between defeat, desertion, 117 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:32,640 Speaker 1: and people who had relatively short time enlisteners. People were 118 00:07:32,760 --> 00:07:35,840 Speaker 1: very contract oriented. If they signed up for six months, 119 00:07:36,080 --> 00:07:37,560 Speaker 1: at the end of six months, they had the right 120 00:07:37,600 --> 00:07:40,920 Speaker 1: to go home. So Washington is watching his army melt away, 121 00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:44,560 Speaker 1: and he sits down with his generals and basically come 122 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:46,960 Speaker 1: up with the idea, what if we were to cross 123 00:07:47,040 --> 00:07:52,600 Speaker 1: the Delaware, surprise the British unit, this entrent, which actually 124 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:56,600 Speaker 1: was a group of Hessians who were first class paid soldiers, 125 00:07:57,360 --> 00:07:59,960 Speaker 1: about eight hundred of them, And what if we could 126 00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:03,960 Speaker 1: surprise them and capture them, and that would then send 127 00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:07,680 Speaker 1: out a signal that the revolution was still alive for 128 00:08:07,720 --> 00:08:09,680 Speaker 1: a group of people who've been getting beaten for six 129 00:08:09,800 --> 00:08:14,600 Speaker 1: months and who are really demoralized. After the declation the 130 00:08:14,680 --> 00:08:17,280 Speaker 1: penance has been signed in July, they went from its 131 00:08:17,400 --> 00:08:22,320 Speaker 1: great sense of exuberance to a sense of despair. And Washington, 132 00:08:22,400 --> 00:08:26,400 Speaker 1: who understood as Napoleon did, that morale is really important. 133 00:08:26,480 --> 00:08:29,600 Speaker 1: Napoleon once said that morale is to physical power what 134 00:08:29,760 --> 00:08:32,600 Speaker 1: three is to one, meaning that you get three times 135 00:08:32,600 --> 00:08:35,080 Speaker 1: as much power out of high morale as you do 136 00:08:35,120 --> 00:08:38,679 Speaker 1: out of sheer numbers. And Washington understood this. They understood 137 00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:44,040 Speaker 1: the importance of psychology. And so several weeks before Christmas, 138 00:08:44,080 --> 00:08:47,839 Speaker 1: he had turned to Thomas Paine, who was the great 139 00:08:47,920 --> 00:08:53,200 Speaker 1: pamphleteer English, a radical, I had written Common Sense, which 140 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:56,080 Speaker 1: was widely read across all of the colonies. He had 141 00:08:56,080 --> 00:08:58,640 Speaker 1: turned to Paine, who was serving as a rifleman, and said, look, 142 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:01,360 Speaker 1: I don't need you care a gun. I need you writing. 143 00:09:01,720 --> 00:09:03,960 Speaker 1: This is not working. It's not happening the way we 144 00:09:04,040 --> 00:09:06,839 Speaker 1: thought it would. See, you have got to explain to 145 00:09:06,960 --> 00:09:11,199 Speaker 1: us where we are and what it means. So Payne 146 00:09:11,240 --> 00:09:14,800 Speaker 1: goes to Philadelphia ahead of the army, sits down and 147 00:09:14,840 --> 00:09:19,840 Speaker 1: writes an extraordinary pamphlet called The Crisis which begins. These 148 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:23,640 Speaker 1: are the times that's try men's souls, and he says, basically, 149 00:09:23,960 --> 00:09:26,800 Speaker 1: you know, the summer patriots will go home, but those 150 00:09:26,880 --> 00:09:31,679 Speaker 1: who have courage, those who understand that to tear freedom 151 00:09:31,720 --> 00:09:35,560 Speaker 1: away from the devil means taking on Hell itself. You 152 00:09:35,600 --> 00:09:38,800 Speaker 1: get to decide, are you a summer soldier or are 153 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:41,560 Speaker 1: you somebody who's prepared to stand up and do what 154 00:09:41,720 --> 00:09:45,960 Speaker 1: is necessary for America and for freedom. Well it's a 155 00:09:46,040 --> 00:09:51,240 Speaker 1: remarkable publication, and it's just barely coming out on the 156 00:09:51,320 --> 00:09:55,400 Speaker 1: twenty fifth of December, so Washington actually gets copies from 157 00:09:55,400 --> 00:09:59,120 Speaker 1: the printer, and when they decide to cross the river, 158 00:10:00,040 --> 00:10:05,120 Speaker 1: as the officers reading the opening chapters of the crisis 159 00:10:05,160 --> 00:10:07,959 Speaker 1: to the men to remind them that this is a 160 00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:12,200 Speaker 1: moral cause, this is about patriotism. They represent freedom and 161 00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:14,400 Speaker 1: that they have to be prepared to die for freedom. 162 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:17,240 Speaker 1: So Worshon has a clear sense of the importance of 163 00:10:17,280 --> 00:10:21,720 Speaker 1: psychology and the importance of leadership. And here's the proposition 164 00:10:21,760 --> 00:10:23,920 Speaker 1: he makes to his generals. We have to have a 165 00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:27,600 Speaker 1: victory shortly after the first of the year. The majority 166 00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:29,080 Speaker 1: of the men who are still left, and they were 167 00:10:29,120 --> 00:10:32,520 Speaker 1: down by the way, from thirty thousand to twenty five hundred, 168 00:10:32,960 --> 00:10:35,920 Speaker 1: less than ten percent of the size of the force 169 00:10:36,440 --> 00:10:40,199 Speaker 1: that they'd head back at Long Island is left. There 170 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:43,160 Speaker 1: are also people who are sick and invalided over half 171 00:10:43,160 --> 00:10:46,160 Speaker 1: of them. We're going to have their contracts come up 172 00:10:46,280 --> 00:10:49,360 Speaker 1: in January, and if they go home, we won't have 173 00:10:49,400 --> 00:10:52,640 Speaker 1: a big enough army to fight. So we have to gamble. 174 00:10:52,760 --> 00:10:55,679 Speaker 1: We have to decide this is the moment that we're 175 00:10:55,720 --> 00:10:57,720 Speaker 1: going to lay at all on the line, and either 176 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:00,760 Speaker 1: freedom's going to win or freedom's going to lose. But 177 00:11:00,880 --> 00:11:02,440 Speaker 1: we're going to do everything we can and we're going 178 00:11:02,480 --> 00:11:05,439 Speaker 1: to risk our lives well as generals who are normal, 179 00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:09,600 Speaker 1: rational people all thought this was crazy to cross the 180 00:11:09,640 --> 00:11:13,400 Speaker 1: Delaware at night to march in the middle of winter 181 00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:17,280 Speaker 1: to try to surprise the Hessian troops, to end up 182 00:11:17,520 --> 00:11:22,079 Speaker 1: potentially with eight hundred first rate professional soldiers in the 183 00:11:22,120 --> 00:11:25,960 Speaker 1: field defeating the American army, which would then be trapped 184 00:11:26,480 --> 00:11:29,600 Speaker 1: on the New Jersey side of the river and would 185 00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:32,840 Speaker 1: be subject to being totally destroyed. And so they all 186 00:11:32,840 --> 00:11:36,480 Speaker 1: made their arguments, and Washington basically said, look, if the 187 00:11:36,600 --> 00:11:40,920 Speaker 1: army collapses, the British will have won. The revolution will 188 00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:44,880 Speaker 1: be over. When the British win, they're going to hang 189 00:11:44,960 --> 00:11:47,800 Speaker 1: every one of us in this room because we're the 190 00:11:47,880 --> 00:11:51,400 Speaker 1: leaders of the revolution. So you have nothing to risk. 191 00:11:52,760 --> 00:11:55,800 Speaker 1: I mean, the worst case is you're going to die fighting. 192 00:11:56,640 --> 00:11:59,440 Speaker 1: The best case is you're going to win. But if 193 00:11:59,480 --> 00:12:02,520 Speaker 1: you don't dying, get over risk winning, you are going 194 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:05,280 Speaker 1: to be hung. So since you have nothing to lose, 195 00:12:05,800 --> 00:12:10,200 Speaker 1: why not take the gamble. And Washington's very calm courage 196 00:12:10,880 --> 00:12:13,520 Speaker 1: is a key part of this, and I think goes 197 00:12:13,559 --> 00:12:18,240 Speaker 1: back all the way back to Braddock's expedition, when Washington 198 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:22,760 Speaker 1: was an American adviser to the British General Braddock, and 199 00:12:23,200 --> 00:12:26,440 Speaker 1: they were ambushed by the French and the Indians, and 200 00:12:26,760 --> 00:12:30,319 Speaker 1: Braddock was killed very early in the fight, and Washington 201 00:12:30,440 --> 00:12:35,240 Speaker 1: ended up, out of necessity, taking over, reorganizing the army, 202 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:38,400 Speaker 1: getting it back out of the ambush, saving it from 203 00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:43,000 Speaker 1: being totally destroyed. Washington remember this huge guy physically, and 204 00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:45,320 Speaker 1: he's on big horses because you had to have a 205 00:12:45,320 --> 00:12:48,400 Speaker 1: big horse because little horses couldn't have carried him. He 206 00:12:48,440 --> 00:12:51,440 Speaker 1: has two horses shot out from under him. He has 207 00:12:51,520 --> 00:12:54,719 Speaker 1: four bullet holes in his coat. Ten years later, he 208 00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:57,560 Speaker 1: runs into an Indian chief at a Powell, and the 209 00:12:57,640 --> 00:13:00,840 Speaker 1: chief says, you know, there must be some greater purpose 210 00:13:00,880 --> 00:13:03,920 Speaker 1: to your life, because all of us were shooting at you. Said, 211 00:13:03,960 --> 00:13:06,640 Speaker 1: I personally shot at you thirteen times and I couldn't 212 00:13:06,720 --> 00:13:10,200 Speaker 1: hit you. So part of what Washington's generals are dealing 213 00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:12,640 Speaker 1: with is a man who does believe that he's a 214 00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:15,320 Speaker 1: man of destiny, and who does believe that taking really 215 00:13:15,320 --> 00:13:18,200 Speaker 1: big gambles is okay. That is, in fact, how you 216 00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:23,360 Speaker 1: change history. Coming up. General George Washington was determined across 217 00:13:23,400 --> 00:13:25,840 Speaker 1: the Delaware, But would he have the support of his 218 00:13:25,920 --> 00:13:37,520 Speaker 1: men on this cold winter night? Hi, this isnt Gingwich. 219 00:13:38,040 --> 00:13:40,720 Speaker 1: After I served as Speaker of the House, I opened 220 00:13:40,760 --> 00:13:44,440 Speaker 1: my own business, Gingwich three sixty. 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Slash newt set up your free 237 00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:43,520 Speaker 1: demo and get your free guide today at NetSuite dot 238 00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:56,320 Speaker 1: com slash newt that's NetSuite dot com slashnut. You had 239 00:14:56,360 --> 00:15:00,080 Speaker 1: a real feeling about where they were at o the 240 00:15:00,200 --> 00:15:04,280 Speaker 1: twenty fifth in a diary entry from an officer on 241 00:15:04,440 --> 00:15:09,400 Speaker 1: Washington staff who wrote, quote, Christmas morning, they make a 242 00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:12,240 Speaker 1: great deal of Christmas in Germany, and no doubt the 243 00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:14,440 Speaker 1: Hashians will drink a great deal of beer and have 244 00:15:14,480 --> 00:15:18,800 Speaker 1: a dance tonight. They'll be sleepy tomorrow morning. Washington will 245 00:15:18,840 --> 00:15:23,040 Speaker 1: set the tomb for them. About daybreak, the rations are cooked, 246 00:15:23,480 --> 00:15:27,320 Speaker 1: new flints and ammunition have been distributed. Colonel Glover's fishermen 247 00:15:27,320 --> 00:15:31,280 Speaker 1: from Marblehood, Massachusetts are to manage the boats just as 248 00:15:31,360 --> 00:15:34,720 Speaker 1: they did and the retreat from Long Island. So here 249 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:37,400 Speaker 1: you are at the beginning of the day, leaning forward, 250 00:15:37,480 --> 00:15:40,960 Speaker 1: preparing and getting ready for this great adventure and this 251 00:15:41,040 --> 00:15:43,840 Speaker 1: great gamble. Remember this is the middle of the winter. 252 00:15:44,560 --> 00:15:48,160 Speaker 1: There's actually a huge snowstorm coming. There's ice floes in 253 00:15:48,200 --> 00:15:52,040 Speaker 1: the river. It's very daunting to be doing this. Remember 254 00:15:52,080 --> 00:15:56,160 Speaker 1: that of the twenty five hundred who were left, about 255 00:15:56,200 --> 00:15:59,640 Speaker 1: a third of them did not have shoes. They were 256 00:15:59,720 --> 00:16:02,600 Speaker 1: march and burlap backs. If you're not a farm boy 257 00:16:02,640 --> 00:16:06,080 Speaker 1: who's been running around barefoot for your entire life, your 258 00:16:06,080 --> 00:16:08,640 Speaker 1: feet just get cut up and you bleed. Here is 259 00:16:08,640 --> 00:16:13,800 Speaker 1: this army crossing at night in a snowstorm, and the 260 00:16:13,880 --> 00:16:18,360 Speaker 1: conditions are terrible. They're crossing over, and they carry with 261 00:16:18,520 --> 00:16:22,560 Speaker 1: them the fate of the United States. If they had 262 00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:26,120 Speaker 1: lost that night, the odds are even money that we 263 00:16:26,160 --> 00:16:29,160 Speaker 1: would not have become a country. Washington would have been 264 00:16:29,160 --> 00:16:32,480 Speaker 1: totally discredited after I had now had six months of defeat, 265 00:16:32,880 --> 00:16:35,440 Speaker 1: and this final defeat might well have led them to 266 00:16:35,480 --> 00:16:37,880 Speaker 1: get rid of him if he had not been killed 267 00:16:37,880 --> 00:16:41,400 Speaker 1: in the fight. And Washington had a very ferocious temper 268 00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:43,560 Speaker 1: when he was fighting, so the odds are pretty good 269 00:16:43,560 --> 00:16:46,080 Speaker 1: he would have risked being killed trying to achieve victory. 270 00:16:46,760 --> 00:16:49,960 Speaker 1: So now they turn and the running late getting across, 271 00:16:50,280 --> 00:16:53,960 Speaker 1: as often happens, Washington wanted three different columns to cross, 272 00:16:54,400 --> 00:16:57,160 Speaker 1: the other two didn't make it at all. Says only 273 00:16:57,200 --> 00:17:01,040 Speaker 1: one column getting across. It's Washington's. They only have a 274 00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:04,680 Speaker 1: handful of cannon, but they also discover a couple of 275 00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:09,240 Speaker 1: really frightening things. There are more ravines between where they 276 00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:12,439 Speaker 1: crossed and Trenton than they thought they were. So when 277 00:17:12,480 --> 00:17:14,560 Speaker 1: you have a ravine with this kind of army, you 278 00:17:14,640 --> 00:17:17,240 Speaker 1: have to remember this is a ravine in midwinter, in 279 00:17:17,359 --> 00:17:21,480 Speaker 1: a snowstorm, with probably ice on the little creek at 280 00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:23,600 Speaker 1: the bottom of the ravine. So you've got to take 281 00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:27,919 Speaker 1: your cannon down one side, across the creek, pull it 282 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:30,600 Speaker 1: back up the other side, and all this is taking 283 00:17:30,600 --> 00:17:33,760 Speaker 1: a lot more time than they expected. Finally, Washington runs 284 00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:38,000 Speaker 1: into a small group of American soldiers from Virginia who 285 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:41,200 Speaker 1: are out on their own and who had actually shot 286 00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:44,040 Speaker 1: up Trenton from a distance. They just stayed out in 287 00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:47,520 Speaker 1: the Wizzen fired their rifles, and Washington was furious. He said, 288 00:17:47,600 --> 00:17:50,840 Speaker 1: you have probably destroyed this whole expedition. The Hassians are 289 00:17:50,840 --> 00:17:52,840 Speaker 1: now going to be alert. We're going to be running 290 00:17:52,840 --> 00:17:55,280 Speaker 1: into people who are prepared to fight us. We've lost 291 00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:57,480 Speaker 1: the element of surprise. Well, it turned out he was 292 00:17:57,520 --> 00:18:01,200 Speaker 1: exactly wrong. There were two things happening that were amazing. 293 00:18:01,960 --> 00:18:06,600 Speaker 1: The first was the snowstorm. It was an enormous midwinter 294 00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:10,480 Speaker 1: storm coming from the north, which meant it was coming 295 00:18:10,520 --> 00:18:13,119 Speaker 1: from their back, but it was coming into the face 296 00:18:13,160 --> 00:18:16,479 Speaker 1: of the Hashians. Now, the Hessians are all European and 297 00:18:16,560 --> 00:18:19,600 Speaker 1: so the Hashian attitude is nobody's going to be out 298 00:18:19,600 --> 00:18:22,560 Speaker 1: on a storm like this. So they all went into 299 00:18:22,560 --> 00:18:25,440 Speaker 1: these nice, warmhouses, not because they were drunk, which was 300 00:18:25,480 --> 00:18:28,320 Speaker 1: sort of an anti American canard that some of the 301 00:18:28,680 --> 00:18:32,000 Speaker 1: progressive historians put about, because they wanted to minimize this 302 00:18:32,160 --> 00:18:34,399 Speaker 1: achievement and they want to depend while these guys were 303 00:18:34,400 --> 00:18:36,560 Speaker 1: all drunk and wasn't really big deal. It's not true. 304 00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:39,920 Speaker 1: The Hassians were fully professional, they were fully prepared to fight, 305 00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:43,680 Speaker 1: but they also had a ground roll. They're Europeans. No 306 00:18:43,840 --> 00:18:47,280 Speaker 1: European army would fight in the middle of a snowstorm. 307 00:18:47,680 --> 00:18:50,199 Speaker 1: It made no sense. And what they didn't realize is 308 00:18:50,520 --> 00:18:52,760 Speaker 1: the army they were up against were all deer hunters. 309 00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:55,520 Speaker 1: These were all people who had been able to keep 310 00:18:55,560 --> 00:18:57,920 Speaker 1: a living in part by going out and finding deer 311 00:18:57,960 --> 00:18:59,800 Speaker 1: in the middle of the winter and killing them. From 312 00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:02,600 Speaker 1: me and so most of the Americans just thought this 313 00:19:02,680 --> 00:19:06,480 Speaker 1: was just normal. They didn't think this was something terrible. Now, 314 00:19:06,680 --> 00:19:09,000 Speaker 1: they were cold, they were miserable, but they were used 315 00:19:09,040 --> 00:19:12,320 Speaker 1: to being cold and miserable. So the Hashians are one 316 00:19:12,520 --> 00:19:16,720 Speaker 1: staying inside the house. A second when the Virginians shoot 317 00:19:16,760 --> 00:19:20,120 Speaker 1: up the place, briefly and then run. The Hessians all 318 00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:21,840 Speaker 1: go to get their weapons out, they all go to 319 00:19:21,920 --> 00:19:25,880 Speaker 1: stand too. They're all out there getting chilled, and they realized, oh, 320 00:19:25,920 --> 00:19:27,920 Speaker 1: that was just probably a bunch of guys running by, 321 00:19:28,359 --> 00:19:31,040 Speaker 1: not a serious force. This is not something we have 322 00:19:31,080 --> 00:19:33,679 Speaker 1: to worry about. Let's go back to bed. So in 323 00:19:33,720 --> 00:19:38,320 Speaker 1: a funny way, the Virginians, without meaning to, had actually 324 00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:43,399 Speaker 1: triggered for the Hessians totally false information, and so the 325 00:19:43,440 --> 00:19:47,520 Speaker 1: Hessians went back to sleep. General Washington soldiers survived the 326 00:19:47,520 --> 00:19:51,200 Speaker 1: crossing of the Delaware, they survived the cold night. Next 327 00:19:51,640 --> 00:20:14,360 Speaker 1: can they face the Hessian soldiers at Trenton. We're very 328 00:20:14,400 --> 00:20:16,440 Speaker 1: fortunate to have a number of entries from the diary 329 00:20:16,760 --> 00:20:20,720 Speaker 1: that was kept by an officer on Washington staff on Christmas. 330 00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:25,199 Speaker 1: At six pm, staff officer wrote, quote, the regiments have 331 00:20:25,280 --> 00:20:28,399 Speaker 1: had their evening parade, but instead of returning to their 332 00:20:28,480 --> 00:20:32,679 Speaker 1: quarters or marching toward the ferry, it is fearfully cold 333 00:20:32,720 --> 00:20:36,440 Speaker 1: and raw, and a snowstorm setting in the wind is 334 00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:39,639 Speaker 1: northeast and beats in the faces of the men. It'll 335 00:20:39,640 --> 00:20:42,399 Speaker 1: be a terrible night for the soldiers who have no shoes. 336 00:20:43,119 --> 00:20:46,080 Speaker 1: Some of them have tied old rags around their feet. 337 00:20:46,119 --> 00:20:49,280 Speaker 1: Others are barefoot, but I have not heard a man complain. 338 00:20:49,960 --> 00:20:53,120 Speaker 1: They are ready to suffer any hardship and die rather 339 00:20:53,160 --> 00:20:56,240 Speaker 1: than give up their liberty. I've just copied the order 340 00:20:56,280 --> 00:20:59,320 Speaker 1: from Marching. Both divisions are to go from the ferry 341 00:20:59,359 --> 00:21:02,880 Speaker 1: to bear Town, two miles away. They will separate there, 342 00:21:03,440 --> 00:21:06,000 Speaker 1: Washington or a company Green's division with a part of 343 00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:09,480 Speaker 1: the artillery down the Pennington Road. Sullivan and the rest 344 00:21:09,480 --> 00:21:13,200 Speaker 1: of the artillery will take the River road. A man 345 00:21:13,320 --> 00:21:16,119 Speaker 1: came with a message from General Sullivan that the storm 346 00:21:16,200 --> 00:21:19,040 Speaker 1: was wetting the muskets and ranging them on fit for service. 347 00:21:19,720 --> 00:21:23,840 Speaker 1: Tell General Sullivan, said, Washington to use the bayonet. I 348 00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:27,640 Speaker 1: am resolved to take Trenton. It was broad daylight when 349 00:21:27,640 --> 00:21:30,320 Speaker 1: we came to a house where a man was chopping wood. 350 00:21:30,800 --> 00:21:34,520 Speaker 1: He was very much surprised when he saw us. Can 351 00:21:34,560 --> 00:21:36,479 Speaker 1: you tell us where the Heshian Pike it is? Washington 352 00:21:36,520 --> 00:21:40,399 Speaker 1: asked the man hesitated, but I said, you would not 353 00:21:40,480 --> 00:21:43,159 Speaker 1: be frightened. It is General Washington who asked the question. 354 00:21:43,680 --> 00:21:46,440 Speaker 1: His face brightened and he pointed toward the house of 355 00:21:46,560 --> 00:21:50,680 Speaker 1: mister Howell. It was just eight o'clock. Looking down the road, 356 00:21:51,040 --> 00:21:54,239 Speaker 1: I saw a Heshian running out from the house. He 357 00:21:54,359 --> 00:21:57,119 Speaker 1: yelled in Dutch and swung his arms. Three or four 358 00:21:57,160 --> 00:22:00,359 Speaker 1: others came out with their guns. Two of them fired us, 359 00:22:00,800 --> 00:22:03,560 Speaker 1: but the bullets whistled over our heads. Some of General 360 00:22:03,560 --> 00:22:07,200 Speaker 1: Stevens men rushed forward and captured two. The others took 361 00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:10,639 Speaker 1: to their heels, running towards mister Calhoun's house, where the 362 00:22:10,680 --> 00:22:17,159 Speaker 1: picket guard was stationed, about twenty men under Captain Walter Bruckham. 363 00:22:17,320 --> 00:22:20,960 Speaker 1: They came running out of the house. The captain flourished 364 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:24,359 Speaker 1: his sword and tried to form his men. Some of 365 00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:27,640 Speaker 1: them farted us, others ran toward the village. The next 366 00:22:27,680 --> 00:22:30,800 Speaker 1: moment we heard drums beat and a bugle sound, and 367 00:22:30,960 --> 00:22:33,679 Speaker 1: then from the west came the boom of a cannon. 368 00:22:34,480 --> 00:22:39,439 Speaker 1: General Washington's face lighted up instantly, for he knew that 369 00:22:39,520 --> 00:22:41,960 Speaker 1: it was one of Sullivan's guns. We could see a 370 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:45,200 Speaker 1: great commotion down toward the meeting house, men running here 371 00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:49,920 Speaker 1: and there, officers swinging their swords, our childreymen harnessing their horses. 372 00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:53,040 Speaker 1: We saw Rawl come riding up the street from his headquarters. 373 00:22:53,359 --> 00:22:57,360 Speaker 1: We could hear him shouting and Dutch. My brave soldiers advance. 374 00:22:58,119 --> 00:23:01,120 Speaker 1: His men were frightened and confused, used, for our men 375 00:23:01,160 --> 00:23:03,960 Speaker 1: were firing upon them from fences and houses, and they 376 00:23:03,960 --> 00:23:07,359 Speaker 1: were falling fast. Instead of advancing, they ran into an 377 00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:10,800 Speaker 1: apple orchard. The officers tried to rally them, but our 378 00:23:10,800 --> 00:23:13,800 Speaker 1: men kept advancing and picking off the officers. He was 379 00:23:13,880 --> 00:23:17,000 Speaker 1: not long before a roll tumbled from his horse, and 380 00:23:17,080 --> 00:23:20,080 Speaker 1: his soldiers threw down their guns and gave themselves up 381 00:23:20,119 --> 00:23:27,960 Speaker 1: as prisoners. Eight hundred German mercenaries surrender to Washington's army. 382 00:23:28,040 --> 00:23:31,639 Speaker 1: Washington loses one man, and then he does something very sensible. 383 00:23:31,960 --> 00:23:35,120 Speaker 1: He runs like crazy because he knows that not very 384 00:23:35,119 --> 00:23:37,760 Speaker 1: many miles down the road is the main British army, 385 00:23:38,000 --> 00:23:41,160 Speaker 1: and if the main British army catches him, they'll destroy him. 386 00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:44,720 Speaker 1: So he takes the Hashion prisoners, goes back across the river, 387 00:23:45,320 --> 00:23:47,119 Speaker 1: where he's now safe, because the British are not going 388 00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:48,440 Speaker 1: to cross the river in the middle of the winter 389 00:23:49,119 --> 00:23:51,280 Speaker 1: remor now. This is an army of about twenty five 390 00:23:51,400 --> 00:23:55,560 Speaker 1: hundred effectives on Christmas Day, with about a third to 391 00:23:55,640 --> 00:23:58,280 Speaker 1: half of them having their term expired. In the beginning 392 00:23:58,280 --> 00:24:01,679 Speaker 1: of January. Worldward spreads. Washington's just won a great victory 393 00:24:02,320 --> 00:24:07,000 Speaker 1: within a few weeks, there are thirteen thousand volunteers showing 394 00:24:07,080 --> 00:24:09,919 Speaker 1: up because people like winning, and all of a sudden, 395 00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:14,359 Speaker 1: the revolution has been saved. Word goes out across the country. 396 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:18,159 Speaker 1: Washington had beaten the British army and had surrendered to him. 397 00:24:18,240 --> 00:24:22,040 Speaker 1: He re established his moral authority. The Americans began to 398 00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:24,320 Speaker 1: feel like, you know, it may take a while, but 399 00:24:24,359 --> 00:24:27,520 Speaker 1: we can win this thing now. I've always thought this 400 00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:30,480 Speaker 1: was such a miracle. At every stage it could have 401 00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:33,960 Speaker 1: gone wrong. Washington could have lacked the courage to overrule 402 00:24:34,040 --> 00:24:37,280 Speaker 1: his generals. They could have decided just to sit there 403 00:24:37,640 --> 00:24:40,320 Speaker 1: and gradually shrink until they were down to five or 404 00:24:40,359 --> 00:24:42,679 Speaker 1: six or seven hundred, at which point they would have 405 00:24:42,960 --> 00:24:45,600 Speaker 1: no longer been an army and the revolution would have 406 00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:49,439 Speaker 1: gradually died. They could have crossed over and had the 407 00:24:49,720 --> 00:24:54,199 Speaker 1: Hessians surprise. There are so many things that could have 408 00:24:54,280 --> 00:24:57,480 Speaker 1: gone wrong, and they would have in so many ways 409 00:24:58,280 --> 00:25:02,400 Speaker 1: either ended the revolution or made it dramatically harder. At 410 00:25:02,400 --> 00:25:05,719 Speaker 1: a minimum, it would have ended Washington's role. And I 411 00:25:05,760 --> 00:25:09,320 Speaker 1: do think because of his courage, because of his integrity, 412 00:25:09,960 --> 00:25:13,880 Speaker 1: because he was the person on whom you could build 413 00:25:13,920 --> 00:25:17,800 Speaker 1: an entire republic, that the loss of Washington would have 414 00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:20,800 Speaker 1: been just catastrophic for the future of the United States 415 00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:24,920 Speaker 1: as a free country. Coming up in eighteen fifty one, 416 00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:29,480 Speaker 1: a German born painter immortalized the dramatic Christmas night crossing 417 00:25:29,760 --> 00:25:33,879 Speaker 1: in his classic Washington Crossing the Delaware painting. It has 418 00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:52,720 Speaker 1: become a symbol of American patriotism because it's so much 419 00:25:52,720 --> 00:25:55,679 Speaker 1: a part of American history. Let me mention a German 420 00:25:55,720 --> 00:26:00,520 Speaker 1: born painter, Emmanuel Leitz's famous painting. He immortalized the dramatic 421 00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:05,119 Speaker 1: Christmas night river crossing and classic named Washington cross as 422 00:26:05,119 --> 00:26:08,720 Speaker 1: a Delaware was done in eighteen fifty one. It became 423 00:26:08,760 --> 00:26:11,520 Speaker 1: a symbol of American patriotism and one of the most 424 00:26:11,560 --> 00:26:15,679 Speaker 1: popular and widely reproduced images of any American historical event. 425 00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:19,399 Speaker 1: The painting is also famous for its many inaccuracies. The 426 00:26:19,480 --> 00:26:22,560 Speaker 1: flag is inaccurate, the boats are not large enough, the 427 00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:25,359 Speaker 1: time of day is wrong, and it is doubtful that 428 00:26:25,520 --> 00:26:28,719 Speaker 1: Washington could have crossed the river and the standing manner presented. 429 00:26:28,960 --> 00:26:31,840 Speaker 1: But sometimes, as they said at the end of the 430 00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:34,399 Speaker 1: Man of Shot, liberty balance. If you have to choose 431 00:26:34,400 --> 00:26:36,960 Speaker 1: between the fact and the legend, print the legend and 432 00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:47,960 Speaker 1: the legend was the painting. I believe that Christmas Day 433 00:26:48,800 --> 00:26:52,919 Speaker 1: seventeen seventy six was a miracle, and that it was 434 00:26:52,960 --> 00:26:56,520 Speaker 1: the most amazing miracle we've had so far in American 435 00:26:56,560 --> 00:26:59,480 Speaker 1: history and Christmas Day, And I hope you'll think about 436 00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:05,520 Speaker 1: the courage that these men had. Their willingness to risk 437 00:27:05,600 --> 00:27:09,920 Speaker 1: everything for freedom, their willingness to cross in the middle 438 00:27:09,920 --> 00:27:13,119 Speaker 1: of a snowstorm for freedom, their willingness to march for 439 00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:16,560 Speaker 1: miles in the middle of a terrible condition for freedom, 440 00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:20,920 Speaker 1: their willingness to take on first class European professional soldiers 441 00:27:21,200 --> 00:27:25,919 Speaker 1: for freedom. They did this because they believed in the cause. 442 00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:31,080 Speaker 1: Go read Thomas Payne. Read his commitment, both in the 443 00:27:31,119 --> 00:27:35,240 Speaker 1: original common sense describing the declation dependence and then in 444 00:27:35,280 --> 00:27:38,359 Speaker 1: the crisis describing of the difficult war that we were 445 00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:41,800 Speaker 1: caught up in, and realize that what Pain's writing is 446 00:27:41,840 --> 00:27:47,399 Speaker 1: astonishingly idealistic, a definition of a kind of country in 447 00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:50,840 Speaker 1: which every day folks could have a real future. Remember 448 00:27:51,119 --> 00:27:54,280 Speaker 1: he's writing at a time when you had British aristocrats 449 00:27:54,280 --> 00:27:58,879 Speaker 1: and French aristocrats and Russian aristocrats, and he's describing a 450 00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:02,399 Speaker 1: country which being born out of the hard work of 451 00:28:02,520 --> 00:28:06,680 Speaker 1: everyday folks, A country which is built around the concept 452 00:28:06,720 --> 00:28:09,440 Speaker 1: of freedom and in which people are willing to die 453 00:28:09,880 --> 00:28:12,560 Speaker 1: for the right to be free. So I would just 454 00:28:12,600 --> 00:28:15,720 Speaker 1: suggest you the next time you think about Christmas Day miracles, 455 00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:19,440 Speaker 1: take a little part of that time think about George Washington, 456 00:28:19,920 --> 00:28:22,879 Speaker 1: the Americans who were around him, and the miracle of 457 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:26,240 Speaker 1: winning at Trenton. And as we remember the miracle of 458 00:28:26,359 --> 00:28:29,920 Speaker 1: Christmas Night seventeen seventy six, please allow me to say 459 00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:37,000 Speaker 1: Merry Christmas to him. You can read more about George 460 00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:40,400 Speaker 1: Washington and Christmas Night crossing the Delaware, including an expert 461 00:28:40,440 --> 00:28:43,600 Speaker 1: of my novel To Try Men's Souls, on our show 462 00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:47,720 Speaker 1: page at newtsworld dot com. NEUTRALD is produced by Westwood One. 463 00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:51,320 Speaker 1: Our executive producer is Debbie Myers and our producer is 464 00:28:51,360 --> 00:28:55,320 Speaker 1: Garnsey Slow. Our editor is Robert Boski, and our researcher 465 00:28:55,400 --> 00:28:59,440 Speaker 1: is Rachel Peterson. Our guest booker is Tamara Coleman. The 466 00:28:59,560 --> 00:29:03,400 Speaker 1: artwork the show was created by Steve Penley. The music 467 00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:06,760 Speaker 1: was composed by Joey Salvin. Special thanks to team at 468 00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:10,560 Speaker 1: Gingrich Sweet sixty. Please email me with your comments at 469 00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:14,840 Speaker 1: newt at newtsworld dot com. If you've been enjoying Newtsworld. 470 00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:17,840 Speaker 1: I hope you'll go to Apple Podcasts and both rate 471 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:20,800 Speaker 1: us with five stars and give us a review so 472 00:29:20,960 --> 00:29:30,120 Speaker 1: others can learn what it's all about. On the next 473 00:29:30,120 --> 00:29:33,720 Speaker 1: episode of newts World, as the year twenty nineteen comes 474 00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:36,720 Speaker 1: to a close, I've been thinking about and discussing the 475 00:29:36,800 --> 00:29:40,600 Speaker 1: year ahead, a presidential election year, and while we are 476 00:29:40,760 --> 00:29:42,880 Speaker 1: focused on the lead up to the election, I'll be 477 00:29:42,920 --> 00:29:46,560 Speaker 1: devoting an episode to what other significant issues Five things 478 00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:49,640 Speaker 1: to watch in twenty twenty you should keep an eye on. 479 00:29:50,440 --> 00:30:03,800 Speaker 1: I'm Newt Gingrich. This is Newtsworld, the Westwood One podcast Network.