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Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, Robert Evans here and I wanted to let

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Speaker 1: you know this is a compilation episode. So every episode

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Speaker 1: of the week that just happened is here in one

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Speaker 1: convenient and with somewhat less ads package for you to

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Speaker 1: listen to in a long stretch if you want. If

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Speaker 1: you've been listening to the episodes every day this week,

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Speaker 1: there's going to be nothing new here for you, but

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Speaker 1: you can make your own decisions.

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Speaker 2: About twenty years ago, maybe thirty, a circus fitted to Majorro,

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Speaker 2: the largest island on the Madro Atoll, in the capital

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Speaker 2: city of the Marshall Islands. They came to Major as

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Speaker 2: almost everything that isn't breadfruit, pandanas or fish does on

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Speaker 2: a boat. After performing, they couldn't find a boat to

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Speaker 2: take them to their next destination, and so the resident

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Speaker 2: tiny island, which at times is no wider than the

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Speaker 2: single road which travels its whole length, decided that they'd

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Speaker 2: have to share the food that they themselves had imported

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Speaker 2: a great cost, and they set about gathering apples, bananas,

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Speaker 2: and anything else that they thought an elephant might like

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Speaker 2: to eat while it waited for a way off an

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Speaker 2: island that barely has enough room for its own people,

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Speaker 2: let alone the largest land animal on earth. The people

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Speaker 2: of the Marshall Islands, for whom hospitality is as natural

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Speaker 2: as the times of the sea, greet each other the

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Speaker 2: same way they do strangers by saying yo quai. The

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Speaker 2: word has several meanings, but I'll let David Kabua explain them.

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Speaker 2: He's the President of the Republic of the Marshal Islands,

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Speaker 2: so he seems like he'd be a good source.

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Speaker 3: I would say the word yupik yupe is treating word

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Speaker 3: yabuey has a lot of several meanings, and you can't

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Speaker 3: say when you meet someone first time, you say yaguey

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Speaker 3: when you greet someone, and when you also say goodbye,

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Speaker 3: instead of say good bye, you also yuh pay, So

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Speaker 3: it's you can't use that. Also, like during the weekend

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Speaker 3: there was a tournament, fishing tournament, and if you were

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Speaker 3: fishing and you got it. You have a big fish

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Speaker 3: on the land and you really m you're about to

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Speaker 3: land the fish.

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Speaker 4: But the land's not.

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Speaker 3: So what do you say, said, oh, yeah, way, hello

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Speaker 3: to the fish, But you just say yeah because you

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Speaker 3: lost the pig catch. So it can't be used that way.

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Speaker 3: Like when you lose someone or someone passed away. You've

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Speaker 3: missed that. Yeh way, so and so he was here

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Speaker 3: but no one could hear. So we can say yeh pay.

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Speaker 3: So it has several meanings, but the deeper meaning of

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Speaker 3: yapay is you are beautiful like the rainbow. Yeah means

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Speaker 3: rainbow and ways.

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Speaker 5: So we combine the two words.

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Speaker 6: You are a rainbow.

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Speaker 3: You goombool as are.

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Speaker 2: On the map. The Marshall Islands look like the little

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Speaker 2: dots that appear in my photos of the beach at Marjiro.

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Speaker 2: But unlike those little specks of dust that manage to

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Speaker 2: sneak their way onto my camera center, Marshall Islands belong here.

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Speaker 2: Here is a pretty vague turn. The twenty nine coral

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Speaker 2: atolls and five islands that allow fifty four thousand Marshal

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Speaker 2: Eies to live on one hundred and eighty two square

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Speaker 2: kilometers of land span an oceanic territory of two hundred

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Speaker 2: thousand kilometers. It's like you took a small American town

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Speaker 2: and scattered it across an area more than a half

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Speaker 2: times the size of Alaska. Even though the RMI is

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Speaker 2: ninety eight percent water, every inch of land is precious

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Speaker 2: to the marshal Eies, whose matrilineal society ensures that land

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Speaker 2: passes from mother to daughter and ties families to the

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Speaker 2: remote islands that make up the low lying atolls of

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Speaker 2: the Republic. It was on one of the bigger chunks

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Speaker 2: of land that I recorded the music you heard a

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Speaker 2: minute ago. Marjoro is an atoll that's a coral ring

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Speaker 2: that encircles the lagoon and its biggest islands. About thirty

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Speaker 2: miles long but often less than one hundred yards wide.

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Speaker 2: There's one road that runs the length of it and

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Speaker 2: sometimes also spans the width of it. It's also home

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Speaker 2: to about half the Urmis population. The highest point on

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Speaker 2: the atoll lies just three meters above sea level. If

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Speaker 2: you want to get higher than that, then your only

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Speaker 2: options are houses or palm trees. From the top of

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Speaker 2: the fifth floor of the NAPA Auto Parts Store, which

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Speaker 2: also houses the UNDP and the marshal Owns Olympic Committee,

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Speaker 2: you can see the whole island. For Marshallese people, these

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Speaker 2: tiny pieces of paradise that barely poke their heads out

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Speaker 2: from the top of the ocean are everything. Their land

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Speaker 2: and their ties to it define them. Without their place,

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Speaker 2: they can't be themselves. Even though many thousands of Marshales

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Speaker 2: live in the diasper of the United States, they still

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Speaker 2: important handicrafts made from little shells and the outer islands

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Speaker 2: and coconut husks. Many of them come back to the

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Speaker 2: islands to retire, but slowly the ocean is taking those

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Speaker 2: islands back. Rising sea levels and more extreme tidal surges

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Speaker 2: have placed this tiny Pacific nation on the front lines

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Speaker 2: of climate change. There isn't an exact estimate as to

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Speaker 2: how long the Marshall Islands have or what they can

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Speaker 2: do to halt the creeping advance of the ocean. They've

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Speaker 2: always existed on just a few square kilometers of land

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Speaker 2: among millions of square kilometers of ocean, and they depend

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Speaker 2: on that ocean for everything. But now it's threatening to

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Speaker 2: take everything away from them one day. They fear their

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Speaker 2: islands will become uninhabitable. A salt water invads of water

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Speaker 2: table and their trees die, while storms bring more and

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Speaker 2: more frequent floods that sweep away their homes and their possessions.

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Speaker 2: They don't want to leave, but they can't stand alone

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Speaker 2: against climate change either. But the marshally Is are resilient people.

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Speaker 2: They've weathered many storms to get to where they are now.

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Speaker 2: The tiny museum in Maduro artifacts of several crises that

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Speaker 2: would seem apocalyptic, a nuclear bomb, the Second World War,

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Speaker 2: But in the end these did little de cruss the

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Speaker 2: incredible kindness of the tenacity of the Marshals. The islands

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Speaker 2: that make up the Aramai have been inhabited by indigenous

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Speaker 2: people for thousands of years, and they've been variously ruled

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Speaker 2: by the Spanish, German, Japanese, and United States governments before

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Speaker 2: becoming an independent republic. Before they were named by a

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Speaker 2: British sailor, the islands had their own name. I'll let

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Speaker 2: Jeff a Marshal's renaissance man who was at once a driver,

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Speaker 2: the head of the World Health Organization's EMT program on

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Speaker 2: the islands, a registered nurse, and the custodians an incredible

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Speaker 2: collection of Marshalise music explained what they were called before that, or.

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Speaker 7: Before I used to call La la la la larali like.

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Speaker 6: El or el.

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Speaker 7: Nahli l o lp lap laps.

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Speaker 8: Before it turn out turns into Marshall. Because this work

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Speaker 8: Marshall games from this guy oh abound these islands.

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Speaker 2: Captain Marshall undeniably, the Marshall Islands are not a bad

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Speaker 2: place to find yourself on a summer afternoon, and in

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Speaker 2: the time I spent there, I took several trips to

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Speaker 2: the smaller islands around madro Atoll. They look like the

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Speaker 2: Platonic idea of a tropical island, complete with coconut palms,

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Speaker 2: vibrant coral reefs, white sand, and turquoise water. I love

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Speaker 2: free diving and dropping down onto a wrecked aircraft and

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Speaker 2: dozens of brightly colored species of fish in almost infinite

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Speaker 2: visibility without even needing to put on a wet sue

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Speaker 2: or a weight belt. Might be the closest I'll ever

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Speaker 2: get to flying. But I wasn't just here for a

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Speaker 2: dip in the ocean. I'm actually here to tell you

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Speaker 2: a story of incredible resilience. Much of a America, both

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Speaker 2: on the left and on the right, spends much of

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Speaker 2: its time and money preparing for its own imagined version

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Speaker 2: of the crisis. For some, that's the unimaginable destruction of

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Speaker 2: nuclear war. For others, it's the encroaching of the ocean

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Speaker 2: on it's the land and a resulting loss of places

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Speaker 2: to live and grow food and for others. It's a

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Speaker 2: collapse of basic services like power and clean water that

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Speaker 2: we take for granted. These are all storms. So the

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Speaker 2: tiny island nation who hath already weathered, and it hasn't

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Speaker 2: done so in the atomized and individualistic way that so

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Speaker 2: many American preppers fantasize about online. It's done so as

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Speaker 2: an incredibly strong, optimistic, and welcoming community. There's a lot

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Speaker 2: we can learn from the people of the Marshal Islands

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Speaker 2: and their story, and so this week I'll be doing

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Speaker 2: my best to share the stories that they shared with me.

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Speaker 2: If you're familiar with the islands, it's likely because of

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Speaker 2: the history of one of the other atolls in the group,

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Speaker 2: Bikini Atoll. The name is the German bastardization of a

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Speaker 2: Marshal Lese word pikini pick meaning plain surface, and knee

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Speaker 2: meaning coconut tree. It's a flat base where coconuts grew,

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Speaker 2: but you likely don't know the island for its coconuts,

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Speaker 2: and those aren't safe to eat anymore anyway. If you've

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Speaker 2: heard of Bikinia Toll, it's because of what the United

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Speaker 2: States did there after the Second World War On the

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Speaker 2: eighteenth of July and nineteen forty seven, the Marshall Islands

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Speaker 2: were placed in a Strategic Trust Territory by the United Nations.

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Speaker 2: This territory was administered by the United States, which are

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Speaker 2: supposed to administer the islands in the best interest of

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Speaker 2: their inhabitants out of international peace and security. But a

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Speaker 2: year before the trust territory was created, the US began

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Speaker 2: nuclear testing in the lagoon at Bikinia Toll, a site

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Speaker 2: that would, over the next fifteen years, become the most

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Speaker 2: heavily bombed place on Earth, with some islands entirely removed

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Speaker 2: from the map and much of their population left dead sick,

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Speaker 2: without the land that defines them and their ability to

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Speaker 2: thrive on these ti iny islands amidst the endless ocean.

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Speaker 2: As far as possible, I want to let the marshal

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Speaker 2: Ease survivors of the nuclear tests and their families tell

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Speaker 2: their own stories. They call what happened on Bikini and

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Speaker 2: Awatakatoll the nuclear legacy of their country. Talking about the

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Speaker 2: nuclear legacy is a difficult topic for the marshal Eise,

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Speaker 2: especially the time when none of them have been paid

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Speaker 2: the compensation they were allotted, and the US was negotiating

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Speaker 2: a new agreement with the Marshalise government. It was very

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Speaker 2: far from settled and the numbers of the US were

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Speaker 2: offering were very far from sufficient. I was very fortunate

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Speaker 2: to join a few other journalists on the tiny island

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Speaker 2: of boken Bowton, a short boat ride away from Mitro

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Speaker 2: and home to perhaps most beautiful coral reef I've ever seen.

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Speaker 2: We had lunch, walked around the island and then had

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Speaker 2: a talk on the nuclear legacy from descendants of some

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Speaker 2: of the survivors. I'll let them introduce themselves.

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Speaker 9: My name is Zachabkivion.

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Speaker 10: I'm from the Marshall Island.

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Speaker 11: I am a student at CMI car Chacta Marshall Allen,

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Speaker 11: and I am currently the president for the CMI Nuclear Club,

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Speaker 11: which we mostly work under National Nuclear Commission with with

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Speaker 11: our director Mary Suck and our Commissioner Arianna.

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Speaker 12: All Reat.

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Speaker 13: Yeah.

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Speaker 14: Well, once again, my name is Ariana teven Kilima. I

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Speaker 14: work as a Commissioner and Nuclear Justice Envoy for the

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Speaker 14: RMI National Nuclear Commission.

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Speaker 13: Him.

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Speaker 14: Once again, thank you very much for having us this afternoon.

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Speaker 15: Yooel, welcome to the Marshall Allen. My name is Evelyn Ralpho.

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Speaker 15: I'm the Director for Education and Public Awareness. Once again, welcome,

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Speaker 15: enjoy the rese of your days here.

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Speaker 9: Well that my name is Sincretin Pernett.

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Speaker 16: I work with the National Nuclear Commission as an admin

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Speaker 16: and physical officer.

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Speaker 9: I'm not sure if it's necessary for me to come.

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Speaker 16: But since the past that we all go, so that's

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Speaker 16: important support the plastic work on the same boat in

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Speaker 16: the Martiall Islands.

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Speaker 15: She's from Mayata, She's from Yeah.

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Speaker 14: The three of us are all descendants of nuclear survivors.

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Speaker 14: They were exposed to fall out. Her mother was exposed

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Speaker 14: to fall out. Her mother, Grace's mother was also exposed

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Speaker 14: to the radioactive fallout, as well as my great grandfather.

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Speaker 14: I think that's what really drives us to share.

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Speaker 9: This with you.

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Speaker 2: Almost everyone in the RMI has a family member directly

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Speaker 2: impacted by the testing and the decade of mistreatment that

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Speaker 2: came after it. Although we know the name Bikinia Toll,

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Speaker 2: the entire republic was impacted by nuclear fallout, including Mardro itself,

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Speaker 2: thanks to the elevised decision to drop bombs on a

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Speaker 2: day when the populated atolls were downwind of the test site,

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Speaker 2: in fact, right next to our hotel. Showing the same

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Speaker 2: parking lot. There's the US Department of Energy office. What

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Speaker 2: that was doing there?

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Speaker 7: Yeah?

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Speaker 17: I saw there's a diary office like health office in

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Speaker 17: the street here, the one in.

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Speaker 7: The next to the auto, that's the office where they

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Speaker 7: do the radiation testing. And there's the one near the

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Speaker 7: Ami Marshall that's the clinic for those survivors. Now, the survivors,

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Speaker 7: there's few of them life like, maybe less than fifty.

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Speaker 5: Wow.

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Speaker 2: The RMI is still fighting in the Second World War.

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Speaker 2: It's memorialized in murals across Marjorro. In nineteen forty three

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Speaker 2: and early nineteen forty four, the USA bombed and then

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Speaker 2: fought the Imperial Japanese military who have been occupying the

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Speaker 2: island since nineteen fourteen. US soldiers and marines, along with

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Speaker 2: marsh Ley's scouts, landed on Marjorro Quadulan in anywhere thout

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Speaker 2: on Higgins boat that were virtually identical to the boat

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Speaker 2: we took across the lagoon to Bocan Boton. The fighting

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Speaker 2: was fierce and the scale of the destruction metz. Overall,

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Speaker 2: the Americans lost six hundred and eleven men and suffered

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Speaker 2: two thousand, three hundred and forty one wounded, two hundred

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Speaker 2: and sixty one were missing. Meanwhile, the Japanese lost over

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Speaker 2: eleven thousand men and had three hundred and fifty eight captured. Today,

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Speaker 2: the Bikinia Toll Lagoon still holds the ghostly remains of

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Speaker 2: the ships and plains that fought that battle, alongside the Nagato,

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Speaker 2: the flagship of the Imperial Japanese Navy, and the ship

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Speaker 2: from whose bridge Admiral Yamamoto launched the attack on Pearl Harbour.

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Speaker 2: It was a shadow of this war that was evoked

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Speaker 2: in nineteen forty six when one hundred and sixty seven

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Speaker 2: a Bikini A Tolls inhabitants were forcibly relocated by the

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Speaker 2: United States. They initially accepted this settlement quote for the

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Speaker 2: good of mankind and to end all wars, in the

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Speaker 2: words of the US commandant at the time. Assisted by U. S.

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Speaker 2: Navy seabees, they disassembled their church and moved to different atolls.

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Speaker 2: Nine of the eleven family heads from Bikini elected to

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Speaker 2: be transported one hundred and twenty five miles to rong

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Speaker 2: gric Atoll, an island with about one quarter of the

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Speaker 2: land mass of Bikini Atoll. Many believed the island to

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Speaker 2: be haunted. By the time the navy left them with

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Speaker 2: a few weeks of water and food, they had every

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Speaker 2: reason to be afraid. I let Ariana explain what that

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Speaker 2: removal process was like.

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Speaker 14: They had asked the people if they were willing to

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Speaker 14: give up their homelands for the good of mankind and

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Speaker 14: to end all wars. And because our people are people

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Speaker 14: of faith in Christianity, they and they were very afraid.

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Speaker 13: They did not want to leave.

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Speaker 14: But because of the amount of power that the military

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Speaker 14: showed up with with their big ships compared to our

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Speaker 14: small canoes, and the amount of troops that were on

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Speaker 14: that island on that morning, it was very hard for

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Speaker 14: them to fight against what was being.

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Speaker 13: Asked of them.

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Speaker 14: And if you have time to look through documentaries of

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Speaker 14: the nuclear legacy, you will see a certain part where

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Speaker 14: the commander, a commodore, his name was Ben Wyatt. He

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Speaker 14: was sitting down and asking the chief at that time,

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Speaker 14: can we use this island for the good of mankind?

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Speaker 14: And in response, the people all respond in unison elmn,

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Speaker 14: which means okay. And from their testimonies, they had to

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Speaker 14: take that shot over forty times to make sure that

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Speaker 14: you know they all said MMn at the same time,

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Speaker 14: to get the best shot they could for you know,

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Speaker 14: maybe for reports to the UN. But it was a

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Speaker 14: very frustrating time for them.

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Speaker 2: Following their removal, the testing began. The idea was to

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Speaker 2: test nuclear bombs on ships. To the US bought ninety

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Speaker 2: five ships fully loaded with weapons and fuel. At this time,

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Speaker 2: this would have ranked the a Bikinia told just outside

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Speaker 2: the top five biggest fleets in the world, but those

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Speaker 2: boats didn't stay afloat for long. Now you might think that,

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Speaker 2: given the testing was on ships, the atoll's navy would

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Speaker 2: be some kind of mid century Mary Celeste, but you'd

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00:17:16,880 --> 00:17:22,040
Speaker 2: be wrong. Three hundred and fifty experimental rats, goats, and

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Speaker 2: pigs died in the service as its strange nuclear experiment,

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Speaker 2: some of them after being subjected to the great indignity

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Speaker 2: of being covered in sunscreen, which bizarrely scientists thought might

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Speaker 2: be useful in alleviating the impact of radiation. It's rather

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Speaker 2: staggering that this research was being done three years after

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Speaker 2: the United States dropped nuclear bombs on whole cities full

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Speaker 2: of human beings. But as you've maybe already picked up

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Speaker 2: in this story, the possibility of unintended but entirely predictable

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Speaker 2: human suffering does not seem to have been top of

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Speaker 2: the priority list. The first test of the island somehow misfired.

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Speaker 2: The gathered press would disappointed, and many of them went home,

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Speaker 2: But the second, codenamed Baker didn't. Chemist Glen t Seborg,

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Speaker 2: the longest serving chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, called

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Speaker 2: the Baker test the world's first nuclear disaster. It drove

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Speaker 2: a two thousand foot wide pillar of water into the air.

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Speaker 2: It sunk the USS Arkansas, and released massive amounts of

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Speaker 2: radiation across the islands of the atoll, which at the

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Speaker 2: time the residents had been expecting to return to. Just

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Speaker 2: five days after the first bomb went off, Louis Road,

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Speaker 2: a French mechanical engineer who was working as manager of

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Speaker 2: his mother's lingerie shop in Paris, introduced a new swimsuit

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Speaker 2: designed named the Bikini after the atoll. It was one

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Speaker 2: wright equipped the atom bomb of fashion. The people of

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Speaker 2: the atoll, however, gained little from the outfit or the testing.

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Speaker 2: January of nineteen forty eight, just two years after their removal,

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Speaker 2: doctor Leonard Mason visited the Bikinians on Rongerik and was

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Speaker 2: appalled to find the people there had almost starved to death.

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Speaker 2: We were dying, but they didn't listen to us, one

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Speaker 2: of them said to him. Mason, an anthropologist at the

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Speaker 2: University of WAYI asked that food and water be bought immediately.

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Speaker 2: The US built houses for Bikiniatol residents on Ujilangatol, but

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Speaker 2: it decided to use these for the residents of Aniwata Katol,

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Speaker 2: where it was also about to begin conducting nuclear experiments. Instead.

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Speaker 2: The Bikini Islanders were placed in tents alongside a runway

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Speaker 2: before they eventually chose Kille Island, a line of less

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Speaker 2: than one square kilometer, as their next home. Also evacuated

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00:19:45,880 --> 00:19:50,359
Speaker 2: where Aniwata, Krangalap and Warthaw islanders. They too, thought this

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Speaker 2: was a temporary arrangement and that they could go home

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Speaker 2: in a short period of time. They too, found out

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Speaker 2: later that this was not the case. Over the course

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Speaker 2: of their exile, they've been moved several more times, staffed

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00:20:02,320 --> 00:20:05,680
Speaker 2: half to death, cheated of their compensation, and stripped to

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Speaker 2: their ancestral homeland. For the next twelve years, the United

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Speaker 2: States would drop increasingly large bombs, culminating in nineteen fifty

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Speaker 2: four with the Bravo Shot of Operation Castle, also known

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Speaker 2: as Castle Bravo, the biggest nuclear device that we know

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Speaker 2: of the US ever deploying.

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Speaker 14: Within those twelve years, there were sixty seven known devices

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Speaker 14: that were tested here. There could have been more, but

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Speaker 14: all we know of is sixty seven. One of them

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Speaker 14: was the Castle Bravo shat that yielded fifteen megatons, which,

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Speaker 14: when sciences calculated the equivalent of the Bravo shat, would

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Speaker 14: have required testing the Hiroshima bomb one and a half

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Speaker 14: times every single day for twelve years.

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Speaker 2: That fifteen megaton Bravo shot yielded more than two point

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Speaker 2: five times the estimated six megaton explosion. When it was

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Speaker 2: detonated on an artificial island in the Bikinia Toll, the

355
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Speaker 2: device's mushroom cloud reached a height of forty seven thousand feet,

356
00:21:07,040 --> 00:21:10,439
Speaker 2: which is fourteen hundred meters, and a diameter of seven

357
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Speaker 2: miles or eleven kilometers in about one minute. Eventually it

358
00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:17,520
Speaker 2: reached a height of forty kilometers and a diameter of

359
00:21:17,520 --> 00:21:21,600
Speaker 2: one hundred kilometers. This took less than ten minutes, traveled

360
00:21:21,800 --> 00:21:24,840
Speaker 2: more than one hundred meters per second, and covered seven

361
00:21:24,880 --> 00:21:28,159
Speaker 2: thousand kilometers of the Pacific Ocean and everything in it

362
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Speaker 2: with nuclear fallout. On the eve of the Bravo shot,

363
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Speaker 2: weather reports indicated that the quote conditions were getting less favorable,

364
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Speaker 2: but nonetheless a decision to go ahead with the first

365
00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:44,879
Speaker 2: test was taken by Alvin Sea Graves jointed task for

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Speaker 2: seven ships located thirty miles east of Bikini, and what

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00:21:48,960 --> 00:21:52,360
Speaker 2: was thought to be an upwin position began detecting high

368
00:21:52,480 --> 00:21:56,680
Speaker 2: levels of radiation just two hours after the test. Very

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Speaker 2: soon after, they began traveling south at full speed to

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Speaker 2: avoid the fall out, but directly down wind to the

371
00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:05,760
Speaker 2: blast and unable to travel were wrong. A lap and

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Speaker 2: A Lingeni Atolls Arianna explained the impact to fall out there,

373
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Speaker 2: which residents were not warned about. American services people there

374
00:22:14,160 --> 00:22:17,879
Speaker 2: want to stay inside, not eat or drink anything, but

375
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Speaker 2: no such warning was given to the local residents.

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Speaker 14: Some said it looked like the sky was changing colors

377
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Speaker 14: from red to yellow to orange. It was just a

378
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Speaker 14: very very bright morning, and then they started hearing like

379
00:22:31,040 --> 00:22:33,639
Speaker 14: thunderous roars a couple of minutes later, and it was

380
00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:36,640
Speaker 14: just like roars after wars, and it was a very

381
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Speaker 14: frightening time. Because this was just not something you know,

382
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Speaker 14: does not happen every day. And then around ten am,

383
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Speaker 14: the fallout.

384
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Speaker 13: Had started to arrive.

385
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Speaker 14: And these are counts from rongolap at All, which is

386
00:22:50,560 --> 00:22:54,040
Speaker 14: the closest to Bikini. The fallout had started to arrive

387
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Speaker 14: and they were not sure what was going on.

388
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Speaker 13: There was men out fishing.

389
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Speaker 14: There was also stories from these witnesses that prior to

390
00:23:04,760 --> 00:23:09,640
Speaker 14: this test, the military had gone to and they had

391
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Speaker 14: movie nights and they would show the community of movies

392
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Speaker 14: where it's snowing.

393
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Speaker 2: Tomorrow we'll hear more about the consequences of the Bravo

394
00:23:18,440 --> 00:23:21,359
Speaker 2: shop for the people who, despite never having any quarrel

395
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Speaker 2: with the USA, with the recipient of the largest nuclear

396
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Speaker 2: bomb it's ever decimated. The music you just heard was

397
00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:25,080
Speaker 2: the anthem of Bikinia Toll, sung at their church on

398
00:24:25,160 --> 00:24:29,199
Speaker 2: Kille Island in nineteen ninety seven. The words translators follows,

399
00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:33,280
Speaker 2: no longer can I stay It's true? No longer can

400
00:24:33,320 --> 00:24:36,480
Speaker 2: I live in peace and harmony? No longer can I

401
00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:39,920
Speaker 2: rest on my sleeping matt pillow Because of my island

402
00:24:39,960 --> 00:24:43,720
Speaker 2: and the life I once knew there. The thought is overwhelming,

403
00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:48,520
Speaker 2: rendering me helpless and in great despair, my spirit leaves

404
00:24:48,920 --> 00:24:52,480
Speaker 2: drifting around and far away, where it becomes caught in

405
00:24:52,520 --> 00:24:55,919
Speaker 2: a current of immense power, and only then do I

406
00:24:55,960 --> 00:25:02,520
Speaker 2: find tranquility. B has a flag as well. It looks

407
00:25:02,560 --> 00:25:04,880
Speaker 2: a lot like the US flag, but in the top

408
00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:08,640
Speaker 2: left blue rectangle you'll only find twenty three white stars.

409
00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:12,640
Speaker 2: They represent the islands of Bikinia Toll. The three black

410
00:25:12,680 --> 00:25:14,960
Speaker 2: stars and the upper right of the flag represent the

411
00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:18,359
Speaker 2: three islands that were vaporized by the March first, nineteen

412
00:25:18,440 --> 00:25:23,240
Speaker 2: fifty four fifteen megatine hydrogen bomb blast codenamed Bravo. The

413
00:25:23,240 --> 00:25:25,920
Speaker 2: two black stars in the lower right hand corner represent

414
00:25:25,960 --> 00:25:29,399
Speaker 2: where the Bikinians live now, Killy Island, four hundred and

415
00:25:29,400 --> 00:25:32,159
Speaker 2: twenty five miles to the south of Bikinia Toll, an

416
00:25:32,240 --> 00:25:36,080
Speaker 2: egypt island on the Majuro Atoll. These two stars are

417
00:25:36,119 --> 00:25:39,360
Speaker 2: symbolically far away from Bikini stars on the flag, as

418
00:25:39,359 --> 00:25:41,639
Speaker 2: the islands are far away in real life, both in

419
00:25:41,720 --> 00:25:45,920
Speaker 2: distance and in terms of quality of life. The Marshallese

420
00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:49,639
Speaker 2: words running across the bottom of the flag men o

421
00:25:49,760 --> 00:25:54,879
Speaker 2: temzj regi elo benonije translate to everything is in the

422
00:25:54,960 --> 00:25:58,480
Speaker 2: hands of God. These represent the words spoken in nineteen

423
00:25:58,560 --> 00:26:01,720
Speaker 2: forty six by the Bikinian Lee Judah to the US

424
00:26:01,760 --> 00:26:05,040
Speaker 2: commodore Ben Wyatt when the American went to Bikini to

425
00:26:05,119 --> 00:26:07,600
Speaker 2: us the islanders on a Sunday after they'd just been

426
00:26:07,640 --> 00:26:10,640
Speaker 2: to church to give up their islands for the good

427
00:26:10,640 --> 00:26:14,240
Speaker 2: of all mankind so the US could test nuclear weapons there.

428
00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:17,840
Speaker 2: The close resemblance of the Bikinians flag to the flag

429
00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:20,239
Speaker 2: of the United States, it's to remind the people and

430
00:26:20,280 --> 00:26:22,879
Speaker 2: the government of the USA that a great debt is

431
00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:27,199
Speaker 2: still owed by them to the people of Bikini. In

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Speaker 2: today's episode, I want to pick up where we left

433
00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:33,800
Speaker 2: off yesterday in the hours after the Bravo shot. Here's

434
00:26:33,800 --> 00:26:34,680
Speaker 2: Ariana again.

435
00:26:35,080 --> 00:26:38,959
Speaker 14: And so when that fallout had arrived, the children, you know,

436
00:26:39,040 --> 00:26:41,200
Speaker 14: they remember that they saw it in these movie nights.

437
00:26:41,240 --> 00:26:43,600
Speaker 14: They thought it was snow and they were playing in

438
00:26:43,640 --> 00:26:48,080
Speaker 14: this fallout. And then later on that day they started

439
00:26:48,119 --> 00:26:52,600
Speaker 14: to realize that this was maybe poisonous.

440
00:26:52,680 --> 00:26:54,480
Speaker 13: They just were not sure.

441
00:26:54,920 --> 00:26:58,600
Speaker 14: But by midnight that night, the people were not able

442
00:26:58,680 --> 00:27:03,920
Speaker 14: to move around as much. They were suffering dramatically. Their

443
00:27:03,960 --> 00:27:07,240
Speaker 14: stomachs were churning, their hair had started to fall out,

444
00:27:07,640 --> 00:27:10,919
Speaker 14: their skin was peeling off, and like. They said, it

445
00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:12,960
Speaker 14: was so itchy, and when they would scratch, the skin

446
00:27:13,119 --> 00:27:16,320
Speaker 14: just peels off as they scratched. And the fish that

447
00:27:16,359 --> 00:27:18,720
Speaker 14: the men were out fishing for when they had came

448
00:27:18,760 --> 00:27:22,040
Speaker 14: back that evening to eat, when they ate the fish,

449
00:27:22,160 --> 00:27:25,119
Speaker 14: they said it was like they were just munching on sand.

450
00:27:25,880 --> 00:27:29,360
Speaker 2: Johanna Jeanne, the mayor of rong Lapatol, gave an interview

451
00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:33,480
Speaker 2: in nineteen seventy seven recounting his experience with the fallout.

452
00:27:33,720 --> 00:27:36,560
Speaker 4: It fell on me, It fell on my wife, It

453
00:27:36,640 --> 00:27:39,800
Speaker 4: fell on my infant son. It fell on the trees

454
00:27:39,880 --> 00:27:42,680
Speaker 4: and on the roofs of our houses. It fell onto

455
00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:45,960
Speaker 4: the reefs and into the lagoon. We were very curious

456
00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:49,440
Speaker 4: about this ash falling from the sky. Some people put

457
00:27:49,480 --> 00:27:52,560
Speaker 4: it in their mouths and tasted it. One man rubbed

458
00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:54,600
Speaker 4: it into his eye to see if it would cure

459
00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:58,159
Speaker 4: an old ailment. People walked in it and children played

460
00:27:58,160 --> 00:27:58,440
Speaker 4: in it.

461
00:27:59,320 --> 00:28:02,600
Speaker 2: Later, people on Utrech Atoll experienced the fallout as missed

462
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:07,119
Speaker 2: minich Kel. One resident of the atoll, said that quote,

463
00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:09,760
Speaker 2: several of my babies, who were healthy at the time

464
00:28:09,800 --> 00:28:13,720
Speaker 2: they were born, died before they were a year old. Altogether,

465
00:28:14,040 --> 00:28:17,840
Speaker 2: I lost four babies. My son, Wynton, was born one

466
00:28:17,960 --> 00:28:20,800
Speaker 2: year after the bomb, and he has had two operations

467
00:28:20,800 --> 00:28:24,520
Speaker 2: on his throat for thyroid cancer. The Japanese fishing boat

468
00:28:24,560 --> 00:28:28,040
Speaker 2: Lucky Dragon number five also came into direct contact with

469
00:28:28,080 --> 00:28:31,639
Speaker 2: the fallout, which began raining down on them that same morning.

470
00:28:32,880 --> 00:28:36,000
Speaker 2: They'd been fishing outside the designated danger zone that the

471
00:28:36,080 --> 00:28:39,720
Speaker 2: US government had declared in advance, but when radioactive dust

472
00:28:39,800 --> 00:28:42,960
Speaker 2: began to fall on them, they scrambled to leave. Pulling

473
00:28:43,040 --> 00:28:46,440
Speaker 2: their gear took nearly six hours, during which time they

474
00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:48,640
Speaker 2: were covered in the dust and gathered some of it

475
00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:51,400
Speaker 2: in bags to take home and determine what this dust was.

476
00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:54,880
Speaker 2: Later in the day, they began to get sick as

477
00:28:54,920 --> 00:28:57,680
Speaker 2: they headed home. One member of the crew kept a

478
00:28:57,720 --> 00:28:59,760
Speaker 2: bag of the ash to have it analyzed on their

479
00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:02,240
Speaker 2: turn home, but he hung it from his bunk bed,

480
00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:05,200
Speaker 2: causing the crew to get continued exposure all the way home.

481
00:29:05,800 --> 00:29:07,880
Speaker 2: It took them two weeks to get back to Japan,

482
00:29:08,360 --> 00:29:11,600
Speaker 2: and doctors quickly determined the cause of their blisters, sickness,

483
00:29:11,640 --> 00:29:15,440
Speaker 2: and hair loss. They ask a US Atomic Energy Committee

484
00:29:15,440 --> 00:29:19,000
Speaker 2: for information on how to treat the fishermen. Instead, the

485
00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:22,120
Speaker 2: US sent two scientists to observe them. One of the

486
00:29:22,120 --> 00:29:25,320
Speaker 2: fishermen died and the others were sent home after fourteen

487
00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:29,360
Speaker 2: months in hospital. They faced stigma in public, and most

488
00:29:29,400 --> 00:29:33,320
Speaker 2: of them eventually died from liver cirrhosis or cancer. Thirty

489
00:29:33,320 --> 00:29:36,920
Speaker 2: six hours after the test, United States servicemen were evacuated

490
00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:41,280
Speaker 2: from Wrong Lap. Fifty four hours afterwards, the people of

491
00:29:41,320 --> 00:29:45,840
Speaker 2: Wrong Lappatole were evacuated, and seventy eight hours after the

492
00:29:45,920 --> 00:29:49,120
Speaker 2: fallout hit them, less than half of Utrich's four hundred

493
00:29:49,160 --> 00:29:53,880
Speaker 2: people were eventually evacuated. Here's Ariana again recounting the story

494
00:29:54,000 --> 00:29:56,040
Speaker 2: of one of those Wrong Lap residents.

495
00:29:56,640 --> 00:30:00,560
Speaker 14: So they were evacuated on March fourth, nineteen fifty four,

496
00:30:01,240 --> 00:30:06,200
Speaker 14: and upon evacuation, the community was ordered to strip down

497
00:30:06,680 --> 00:30:10,800
Speaker 14: naked on the ships. They did not separate the males

498
00:30:11,040 --> 00:30:16,000
Speaker 14: from the females. The entire community stood naked. The community

499
00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:18,760
Speaker 14: stood naked on the ship and they were hosed down

500
00:30:18,800 --> 00:30:19,920
Speaker 14: with the pressure washer.

501
00:30:21,760 --> 00:30:26,560
Speaker 13: When you talk stories with them today, it's they recall

502
00:30:26,640 --> 00:30:27,440
Speaker 13: it as you know.

503
00:30:27,480 --> 00:30:29,959
Speaker 14: They say, you know, the holes was so strong, it

504
00:30:29,960 --> 00:30:33,520
Speaker 14: felt like those hoses that they used to put out fires.

505
00:30:34,200 --> 00:30:36,920
Speaker 13: And after they were pressure.

506
00:30:36,640 --> 00:30:40,760
Speaker 14: Washed, they were given a soldiers underwear and T shirt

507
00:30:40,800 --> 00:30:44,720
Speaker 14: to wear for their journey to Quadulant at all, and

508
00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:48,120
Speaker 14: for the bigger women that were a part of this

509
00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:51,880
Speaker 14: group that could not fit these soldiers underwears and T shirts,

510
00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:55,400
Speaker 14: they were given just a small towel to cover while

511
00:30:55,440 --> 00:30:59,480
Speaker 14: they were journeying to Quadulant. And also from these testimonies,

512
00:31:00,120 --> 00:31:02,520
Speaker 14: one of my neighbors, she was seven years old at

513
00:31:02,560 --> 00:31:05,600
Speaker 14: that time, and she said, you know, she's just a kid,

514
00:31:05,640 --> 00:31:09,040
Speaker 14: and when everybody was danding naked, and she saw her uncles,

515
00:31:09,040 --> 00:31:12,000
Speaker 14: and she thought it was funny at that time, but

516
00:31:12,080 --> 00:31:15,680
Speaker 14: she realized later that that was such a breach of

517
00:31:15,760 --> 00:31:20,640
Speaker 14: privacy and a moment of humiliation. And she recalls her

518
00:31:20,680 --> 00:31:23,920
Speaker 14: grandmother's skin falling off, and she said, it looked like

519
00:31:24,360 --> 00:31:27,080
Speaker 14: we all were like in a burning house, and everybody

520
00:31:27,120 --> 00:31:30,000
Speaker 14: had these scars on, like just the peel burning off.

521
00:31:30,760 --> 00:31:33,120
Speaker 14: But at that time she did not really realize it.

522
00:31:33,320 --> 00:31:36,040
Speaker 14: She did not have a lot of burns. She's still

523
00:31:36,080 --> 00:31:38,680
Speaker 14: alive today, but she did not have a lot of

524
00:31:38,720 --> 00:31:42,840
Speaker 14: burns because when the bomb was detonated, she was told

525
00:31:42,840 --> 00:31:45,800
Speaker 14: to go inside her house, and so she had a

526
00:31:45,840 --> 00:31:46,760
Speaker 14: little bit of protection.

527
00:31:47,360 --> 00:31:50,600
Speaker 2: They were taken to Quadulin Naval Base, where things became

528
00:31:50,680 --> 00:31:53,720
Speaker 2: even worse for them. A week after the test, the

529
00:31:53,760 --> 00:31:56,760
Speaker 2: Atomic Energy Commission and the US Department of Defense sent

530
00:31:56,800 --> 00:32:00,280
Speaker 2: a joint medical team to Quadulin and these doctors. After

531
00:32:00,320 --> 00:32:03,200
Speaker 2: the memo stating that the exposed people should have quote

532
00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:06,720
Speaker 2: no exposure for the rest of their natural lives, one

533
00:32:06,800 --> 00:32:10,200
Speaker 2: hundred and eleven traditional Marshalisee leaders petition the United Nations

534
00:32:10,200 --> 00:32:12,800
Speaker 2: to be more cautious with testing and to stop it

535
00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:16,360
Speaker 2: entirely if at all possible. The UN decided to continue,

536
00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:20,360
Speaker 2: but without it precautions. It urged but did not compel

537
00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:24,120
Speaker 2: the US government to compensate the marshalise people. In fact,

538
00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:26,960
Speaker 2: the United States was only beginning the damage it would

539
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:29,520
Speaker 2: do to the people of the Marshall Islands, and compensation

540
00:32:29,640 --> 00:32:33,000
Speaker 2: would not come for another three decades. I'll let Ariana

541
00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:34,480
Speaker 2: explain what actually happened next.

542
00:32:35,480 --> 00:32:39,520
Speaker 14: On March ninth, nineteen fifty four, the Project four point

543
00:32:39,600 --> 00:32:44,000
Speaker 14: one scientists arrive, and then on March eleventh, nineteen fifty four,

544
00:32:44,160 --> 00:32:48,800
Speaker 14: the Project four point one officially commenced without consent from

545
00:32:48,840 --> 00:32:51,800
Speaker 14: the people. And this Project four point one was the

546
00:32:51,840 --> 00:32:55,160
Speaker 14: study of radiation on human beings and if you look

547
00:32:55,200 --> 00:32:58,120
Speaker 14: at the classified files. We have a lot of them

548
00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:02,040
Speaker 14: at the College of the Marshall Island Nuclear Institute. There's

549
00:33:02,360 --> 00:33:05,680
Speaker 14: you know, all different types of projects and for example,

550
00:33:05,800 --> 00:33:08,440
Speaker 14: like one project two point three could be the study

551
00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:11,640
Speaker 14: of radiation on corals, and then you know seven point

552
00:33:11,840 --> 00:33:15,440
Speaker 14: two is study of radiation on the trees and four

553
00:33:15,480 --> 00:33:17,640
Speaker 14: point one just so happened to be the study of

554
00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:22,600
Speaker 14: radiation on human beings. And when they were in Quadulin,

555
00:33:23,280 --> 00:33:25,240
Speaker 14: they were there for a couple of days. They were

556
00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:28,120
Speaker 14: ordered to bathe in the lagoon and salt water and

557
00:33:28,160 --> 00:33:31,560
Speaker 14: scrub their burns three times a day, every single day.

558
00:33:32,320 --> 00:33:36,480
Speaker 14: Also they were ordered to provide urine samples three times

559
00:33:36,520 --> 00:33:39,640
Speaker 14: a day. They also had to give blood samples three

560
00:33:39,680 --> 00:33:40,360
Speaker 14: times a day.

561
00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:43,840
Speaker 13: And this went on. For the people of.

562
00:33:43,800 --> 00:33:46,040
Speaker 14: Wudaruk it was three months, and for the people of

563
00:33:46,120 --> 00:33:48,240
Speaker 14: Romolap it was almost a year. And then they were

564
00:33:48,320 --> 00:33:50,920
Speaker 14: moved here to one of the small islands here where

565
00:33:50,920 --> 00:33:54,080
Speaker 14: they lived and waited for their home to be cleaned

566
00:33:54,120 --> 00:33:57,160
Speaker 14: up for them to return. And the thing is, while

567
00:33:57,200 --> 00:34:01,000
Speaker 14: they were taking these blood and urine sound amples and

568
00:34:01,120 --> 00:34:04,080
Speaker 14: having them bathed in the lagoon and scrubbing their burns

569
00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:08,440
Speaker 14: and saltwater three times a day, they all had clinical numbers,

570
00:34:08,719 --> 00:34:11,960
Speaker 14: and so even the pregnant women, their babies and their

571
00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:16,480
Speaker 14: wombs also were assigned a clinical number, because even if

572
00:34:16,520 --> 00:34:20,239
Speaker 14: there was still a baby, they were already monitoring these babies.

573
00:34:20,320 --> 00:34:26,440
Speaker 14: And the thing is, even with their hair falling off

574
00:34:27,440 --> 00:34:33,600
Speaker 14: and their skin peeling off, and their fingernails turning black

575
00:34:33,960 --> 00:34:39,120
Speaker 14: and just feeling very nauxious and having a severe headache,

576
00:34:39,840 --> 00:34:44,120
Speaker 14: they were not given paint medication. They were not given

577
00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:49,640
Speaker 14: any type of talanol or any of that. They were

578
00:34:49,719 --> 00:34:52,799
Speaker 14: just being monitored. And this whole time they thought they

579
00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:57,880
Speaker 14: were being treated, they didn't realize that they were a

580
00:34:57,880 --> 00:35:01,040
Speaker 14: part of this project that was just they're to study

581
00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:04,400
Speaker 14: how their body reacts to exposure to radiation.

582
00:35:05,640 --> 00:35:09,160
Speaker 2: Three years after being evacuated, the people of Rongolap were

583
00:35:09,200 --> 00:35:10,440
Speaker 2: allowed to return.

584
00:35:10,360 --> 00:35:13,760
Speaker 14: And then they moved them back in nineteen fifty seven

585
00:35:13,880 --> 00:35:16,160
Speaker 14: because the bomb that they was exposed to was in

586
00:35:16,239 --> 00:35:19,400
Speaker 14: nineteen fifty four and they were there for twenty eight years.

587
00:35:19,680 --> 00:35:22,839
Speaker 2: This wasn't a benevolent effort. It was a continuation of

588
00:35:22,840 --> 00:35:25,120
Speaker 2: the USA's use of the people of the Republic of

589
00:35:25,120 --> 00:35:27,600
Speaker 2: Marshall Islands subjects of experimentation.

590
00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:30,520
Speaker 14: Later on, when they were going to move the people

591
00:35:30,560 --> 00:35:34,400
Speaker 14: of Romolap back to Ronolap. What they wanted to study

592
00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:40,240
Speaker 14: now was how radiation evolves on the food chain, because

593
00:35:40,280 --> 00:35:43,120
Speaker 14: when they had moved them back to Ronolap, this was

594
00:35:43,400 --> 00:35:47,080
Speaker 14: the original exposed group. When they went back, it was

595
00:35:47,080 --> 00:35:49,279
Speaker 14: not just the exposed group anymore because they were here

596
00:35:49,320 --> 00:35:52,319
Speaker 14: for three years and they took their family members that

597
00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:54,799
Speaker 14: were on Meguro and some of them got married, and

598
00:35:54,840 --> 00:35:57,280
Speaker 14: so when they went back there was four.

599
00:35:57,160 --> 00:35:57,959
Speaker 13: Hundred of them.

600
00:35:58,320 --> 00:36:01,879
Speaker 14: And I always which group was given a green card

601
00:36:01,960 --> 00:36:04,040
Speaker 14: and a red card, but like if it was a

602
00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:06,160
Speaker 14: red card, they were the exposed group, and the green

603
00:36:06,200 --> 00:36:08,879
Speaker 14: card was now the new control group that was going

604
00:36:08,960 --> 00:36:11,719
Speaker 14: to eat the crops on the land and eat off

605
00:36:11,760 --> 00:36:15,160
Speaker 14: of the land to see how the radiation has moved

606
00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:19,719
Speaker 14: in the food chain. And that's when my mother's father

607
00:36:19,920 --> 00:36:22,760
Speaker 14: was born on Ramala in nineteen fifty nine.

608
00:36:23,040 --> 00:36:26,239
Speaker 2: Eventually, the people of wrong Lap were evacuated nineteen eighty

609
00:36:26,239 --> 00:36:29,080
Speaker 2: five thanks to Greenpeace, who moved them to other atolls

610
00:36:29,120 --> 00:36:32,760
Speaker 2: when the US government refused to help them or acknowledge responsibility.

611
00:36:33,760 --> 00:36:35,400
Speaker 2: It was not just the people on wrong Lap and

612
00:36:35,440 --> 00:36:37,400
Speaker 2: the other atolls at the time who were impacted by

613
00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:41,600
Speaker 2: the radiation. The consequences have lasted for generations.

614
00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:48,400
Speaker 14: And also we've had many cases of birth defects or

615
00:36:49,239 --> 00:36:53,440
Speaker 14: babies that were born, and according to the testimonies of

616
00:36:53,520 --> 00:36:57,640
Speaker 14: these mothers that had given birth, their babies were born

617
00:36:57,840 --> 00:37:02,640
Speaker 14: sometimes looking like jellyfish. Sometimes their babies were born without

618
00:37:02,719 --> 00:37:05,000
Speaker 14: a head, without limbs.

619
00:37:05,040 --> 00:37:06,280
Speaker 13: All they could see.

620
00:37:06,360 --> 00:37:10,480
Speaker 14: Was the heart beating and the blood flowing through their

621
00:37:10,600 --> 00:37:14,480
Speaker 14: veins and their intestines, and they just were not sure

622
00:37:14,560 --> 00:37:17,880
Speaker 14: whether they should bury this baby when the heart is

623
00:37:17,880 --> 00:37:19,839
Speaker 14: still beating, or if they should wait for the heart

624
00:37:19,920 --> 00:37:20,800
Speaker 14: to stop beating.

625
00:37:21,600 --> 00:37:24,960
Speaker 13: And some mothers had told.

626
00:37:24,680 --> 00:37:28,920
Speaker 14: Their stories of giving breaths to babies that they recalled

627
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:34,759
Speaker 14: looking like octopus. Some others recalled their babies looking like turtles.

628
00:37:35,680 --> 00:37:40,000
Speaker 14: Some of them on many occasions they also had babies

629
00:37:40,040 --> 00:37:42,400
Speaker 14: that were looking like grapes.

630
00:37:42,719 --> 00:37:43,160
Speaker 13: The fruit.

631
00:37:43,719 --> 00:37:47,480
Speaker 14: It just looked like a bunch of grapes lump together.

632
00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:51,560
Speaker 14: And for many of these cases, these women were not

633
00:37:51,719 --> 00:37:55,280
Speaker 14: speaking up at that time because what they were told

634
00:37:55,320 --> 00:37:59,799
Speaker 14: by the Atomic Energy Commissions officials was that this is

635
00:37:59,840 --> 00:38:03,399
Speaker 14: the result of incest, and so it was a very

636
00:38:03,560 --> 00:38:08,759
Speaker 14: humiliating experience. Many of these women had no idea that

637
00:38:08,800 --> 00:38:13,320
Speaker 14: their own sisters were also giving birth to these monster

638
00:38:13,440 --> 00:38:16,719
Speaker 14: looking babies that they were giving birth to, and they

639
00:38:16,760 --> 00:38:21,680
Speaker 14: would oftentimes bury their babies alone where nobody else was watching.

640
00:38:21,719 --> 00:38:25,480
Speaker 14: And and it's a worldwide culture that when someone passes away,

641
00:38:25,560 --> 00:38:28,520
Speaker 14: we all gathered to mourn this loved one. But for

642
00:38:29,160 --> 00:38:32,239
Speaker 14: the women, the Marshally's woman at that time, it was

643
00:38:32,320 --> 00:38:35,719
Speaker 14: a very heartbreaking moment for them because they did not

644
00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:39,000
Speaker 14: want anybody else to see this baby that they had

645
00:38:39,040 --> 00:38:42,040
Speaker 14: given birth to, not realizing that their own sister was

646
00:38:42,080 --> 00:38:45,360
Speaker 14: also enduring the same crab.

647
00:38:50,440 --> 00:38:53,120
Speaker 2: Things were not much better for the Bikinians, who'd been

648
00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:55,839
Speaker 2: evacuated at the start of testing in nineteen forty six

649
00:38:57,120 --> 00:38:59,399
Speaker 2: after fouled attempt to settle them on another at all.

650
00:38:59,520 --> 00:39:01,800
Speaker 2: Many of the Kechennians elected to try living on Killi

651
00:39:01,840 --> 00:39:05,320
Speaker 2: as their new home. Killy Island lacked a coral reef,

652
00:39:05,600 --> 00:39:07,960
Speaker 2: and this made their traditional lifestyle of island hopping and

653
00:39:08,040 --> 00:39:12,840
Speaker 2: fishing in the calm Lagoon impossible. The Bikilians, inhabitants of

654
00:39:12,880 --> 00:39:15,840
Speaker 2: the most remote atoll in the already remote Marshall Islands,

655
00:39:16,120 --> 00:39:18,840
Speaker 2: were legendary for their ability to navigate using the stars

656
00:39:18,880 --> 00:39:21,759
Speaker 2: and seas, but on their new Island. The waves were

657
00:39:21,800 --> 00:39:24,319
Speaker 2: so big that their traditional canoes couldn't sail at all.

658
00:39:25,239 --> 00:39:28,360
Speaker 2: Soon the boat the USA had given them to import

659
00:39:28,400 --> 00:39:31,120
Speaker 2: food had sunk into the ferocious seas around the island,

660
00:39:31,560 --> 00:39:34,719
Speaker 2: and they were entirely reliant on air dropped food. Some

661
00:39:34,920 --> 00:39:37,600
Speaker 2: families moved to other islands or split their time between

662
00:39:37,680 --> 00:39:40,600
Speaker 2: Killi and the atolls with better resources. But life on

663
00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:43,600
Speaker 2: Killie was hard, and the lack of retected lagoon made

664
00:39:43,640 --> 00:39:46,040
Speaker 2: every delivery of food or supplies by boat a high

665
00:39:46,120 --> 00:39:49,400
Speaker 2: risk endeavor. Along with the loss of their homeland, many

666
00:39:49,440 --> 00:39:52,640
Speaker 2: generations of Bikinians began to lose their navigation skills and

667
00:39:52,640 --> 00:39:55,560
Speaker 2: their connection to the lagoon that provided so much sustenance

668
00:39:55,560 --> 00:39:57,400
Speaker 2: and material for their traditional lifestyle.

669
00:39:57,800 --> 00:40:03,160
Speaker 14: They had suffered severe starve because for the people of Bikini,

670
00:40:03,200 --> 00:40:06,480
Speaker 14: the atoll that they were now living in was just

671
00:40:06,600 --> 00:40:09,800
Speaker 14: uninhabited in the first place, because all the fish around

672
00:40:09,800 --> 00:40:12,799
Speaker 14: the atoll or sicutara fish, so they could not eat

673
00:40:12,840 --> 00:40:15,960
Speaker 14: off the ocean. They couldn't they could not grow any crops.

674
00:40:16,040 --> 00:40:19,320
Speaker 14: And are you guys familiar with what a nony fruit?

675
00:40:19,480 --> 00:40:19,560
Speaker 6: Is?

676
00:40:19,680 --> 00:40:23,279
Speaker 14: A nony tree and it does not smell good, right,

677
00:40:23,360 --> 00:40:26,279
Speaker 14: But they started eating the nony fruit because they did

678
00:40:26,360 --> 00:40:29,480
Speaker 14: not have any bread fruit or papayas or anything.

679
00:40:29,160 --> 00:40:31,320
Speaker 13: Growing on that land.

680
00:40:31,440 --> 00:40:34,799
Speaker 14: And the men oftentimes had to sail out in their

681
00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:37,160
Speaker 14: canoes and they would be gone for almost a week

682
00:40:37,560 --> 00:40:40,080
Speaker 14: because they sailed out as far as they could to

683
00:40:40,120 --> 00:40:42,520
Speaker 14: be able to get fish that was edible for them.

684
00:40:43,800 --> 00:40:47,600
Speaker 14: Then for the people of Nlda, from their testimonies, the

685
00:40:47,640 --> 00:40:50,759
Speaker 14: at all that they were evacuated to was rat infested

686
00:40:50,880 --> 00:40:53,960
Speaker 14: and so their babies had to sleep in boxes. They

687
00:40:53,960 --> 00:40:56,520
Speaker 14: had to build like boxes for their babies or otherwise

688
00:40:56,560 --> 00:40:59,120
Speaker 14: the rats would come and nibble at their toes while

689
00:40:59,120 --> 00:41:01,960
Speaker 14: they're sleeping. And there was a lot of ways that

690
00:41:02,000 --> 00:41:04,200
Speaker 14: they were trying to figure out how to solve this

691
00:41:04,560 --> 00:41:08,480
Speaker 14: rat infestation. And at one time they were giving people

692
00:41:09,080 --> 00:41:11,520
Speaker 14: incentives like I think it was five cents if you

693
00:41:11,600 --> 00:41:15,080
Speaker 14: brought a rat's tail or something, you know, like, because

694
00:41:15,120 --> 00:41:17,200
Speaker 14: they were just trying to get rid of the rats

695
00:41:17,239 --> 00:41:20,640
Speaker 14: and they could not. And yeah, it's just a lot

696
00:41:20,680 --> 00:41:24,040
Speaker 14: of trauma and a lot of moving around. When the

697
00:41:24,080 --> 00:41:28,120
Speaker 14: people of Bikini were first moved from Bikini to this

698
00:41:28,239 --> 00:41:31,759
Speaker 14: new home of romric Atoll, where they lived for the

699
00:41:31,760 --> 00:41:35,520
Speaker 14: next two years. By the time the military had gone

700
00:41:35,560 --> 00:41:39,360
Speaker 14: back to pick them up when he's a very elderly

701
00:41:39,400 --> 00:41:41,720
Speaker 14: man now, but he was six years old at that time.

702
00:41:42,160 --> 00:41:46,480
Speaker 14: And the way he describes it is that he says

703
00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:50,520
Speaker 14: it was a very traumatizing moment for him because they

704
00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:53,840
Speaker 14: were carrying some of the people on leaves to the ship.

705
00:41:53,880 --> 00:41:55,200
Speaker 13: They were very fragile.

706
00:41:55,280 --> 00:41:58,839
Speaker 14: He said, if you have seen photos of the Holocaust,

707
00:41:58,920 --> 00:42:02,280
Speaker 14: this is this is what our people looked like because

708
00:42:02,320 --> 00:42:04,880
Speaker 14: there was just severe starvation at that time.

709
00:42:05,360 --> 00:42:08,600
Speaker 2: In nineteen sixty eight, LBJ promised the Bikinians a chance

710
00:42:08,640 --> 00:42:11,360
Speaker 2: to return to their beloved home, and the US Trust

711
00:42:11,440 --> 00:42:15,960
Speaker 2: Territory began rebuilding the structures and decontaminating the soil. These

712
00:42:15,960 --> 00:42:18,840
Speaker 2: efforts were hampered by infrequent flights and delayed by the

713
00:42:18,880 --> 00:42:21,799
Speaker 2: discovery that the large coconut crabs on the island were

714
00:42:21,840 --> 00:42:26,840
Speaker 2: still dangerously contaminated. In nineteen seventy two, one hundred people

715
00:42:26,880 --> 00:42:31,280
Speaker 2: from three extended families moved back and began rebuilding their paradise,

716
00:42:31,840 --> 00:42:33,960
Speaker 2: but it wasn't long before it became clear that their

717
00:42:33,960 --> 00:42:37,880
Speaker 2: home was far from recovered. A visiting team of scientists

718
00:42:37,920 --> 00:42:41,440
Speaker 2: from France not the USA found dangerously high levels of

719
00:42:41,520 --> 00:42:45,920
Speaker 2: radioactivity and fruit, well water, and in the urine samples

720
00:42:45,920 --> 00:42:49,640
Speaker 2: of islanders. The islanders had sued the federal government and

721
00:42:49,760 --> 00:42:53,319
Speaker 2: more research was done. By nineteen seventy eight, scientists had

722
00:42:53,320 --> 00:42:56,200
Speaker 2: found an elevenfold increase in the caesium one hundred and

723
00:42:56,280 --> 00:43:00,160
Speaker 2: thirty seven body burdens of the people living on the islands, ever,

724
00:43:00,239 --> 00:43:04,920
Speaker 2: which the Department of the Interior called quote incredible. Once again,

725
00:43:05,280 --> 00:43:08,880
Speaker 2: the islanders were removed from their home. In nineteen eighty three,

726
00:43:09,280 --> 00:43:12,239
Speaker 2: the Republic of the Marshall Island gained its independence signed

727
00:43:12,280 --> 00:43:15,520
Speaker 2: the Compact of Free Association with the United States. When

728
00:43:15,560 --> 00:43:18,000
Speaker 2: the Compact came into effect in nineteen eighty six, the

729
00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:21,560
Speaker 2: Marshalies received their first financial settlement from the USA courtesy

730
00:43:21,600 --> 00:43:23,920
Speaker 2: of Section one hundred and seventy seven of the Compact

731
00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:27,440
Speaker 2: of Free Association, which pledged reparations for damages to the

732
00:43:27,480 --> 00:43:33,080
Speaker 2: former inhabitants of Bikini Enewattap, Rongolap, and utre catolls. They

733
00:43:33,080 --> 00:43:36,280
Speaker 2: were promised twelve percent rate of return on the trust fund,

734
00:43:36,520 --> 00:43:38,840
Speaker 2: which would be administered by the US and would provide

735
00:43:38,880 --> 00:43:43,160
Speaker 2: health care and property damage reimbursements. However, this fund relied

736
00:43:43,200 --> 00:43:45,920
Speaker 2: upon the fiction that only four a tolls were impacted

737
00:43:45,920 --> 00:43:50,160
Speaker 2: by the nuclear fallout. There is considerable evidence to suggest

738
00:43:50,280 --> 00:43:53,080
Speaker 2: that the entire republic of the Marshall Islands was directly

739
00:43:53,120 --> 00:43:56,919
Speaker 2: impacted by fallout from the Bravo shot. The trust fund

740
00:43:56,960 --> 00:43:59,360
Speaker 2: also tied the interest of the marshalise to those of

741
00:43:59,360 --> 00:44:03,040
Speaker 2: global cap As the value of the fund's investments went up,

742
00:44:03,239 --> 00:44:06,279
Speaker 2: so did their ability to fund healthcare and improve their

743
00:44:06,280 --> 00:44:09,840
Speaker 2: living conditions. But I found financial reports from that trust

744
00:44:09,840 --> 00:44:13,000
Speaker 2: fund in twenty sixteen. At the time, it had funds

745
00:44:13,040 --> 00:44:16,640
Speaker 2: invested in US domestic public equities twenty nine point five

746
00:44:16,640 --> 00:44:20,040
Speaker 2: percent of the portfolio. As of September thirty, twenty fifteen,

747
00:44:20,760 --> 00:44:24,360
Speaker 2: international equities made up twenty seven point four percent, fixed

748
00:44:24,360 --> 00:44:27,960
Speaker 2: income funds made up eighteen percent, real estate made up

749
00:44:27,960 --> 00:44:31,640
Speaker 2: five point five percent, hedge fund made up fifteen percent,

750
00:44:32,160 --> 00:44:34,640
Speaker 2: and a private equity fund made up the remaining four

751
00:44:34,640 --> 00:44:38,120
Speaker 2: point six percent. But the interests were low lying atoll

752
00:44:38,239 --> 00:44:40,560
Speaker 2: nation and those of global capital will never really be

753
00:44:40,600 --> 00:44:44,040
Speaker 2: fully aligned. The only reason hedge funds could offer such

754
00:44:44,080 --> 00:44:47,840
Speaker 2: astronomical returns for their investors is that they are comprised

755
00:44:47,880 --> 00:44:51,200
Speaker 2: of businesses who don't pay the full cost for their production.

756
00:44:52,280 --> 00:44:55,240
Speaker 2: This is nowhere more obvious than the rapidly shrinking atolls

757
00:44:55,239 --> 00:44:58,400
Speaker 2: of the Marshall Islands, where the rising sea levels driven

758
00:44:58,440 --> 00:45:01,560
Speaker 2: by the knee to inshure rising store prices, opposing a

759
00:45:01,640 --> 00:45:04,920
Speaker 2: new threat to people who endured and survived the largest

760
00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:07,440
Speaker 2: nuclear bomb the US is ever known to have deployed.

761
00:45:08,239 --> 00:45:11,000
Speaker 2: In nineteen eighty seven, a stock market collapse known as

762
00:45:11,040 --> 00:45:14,359
Speaker 2: Black Monday reduced the value of the fund, and even

763
00:45:14,400 --> 00:45:17,759
Speaker 2: to this day, despite other settlements and agreements, not one

764
00:45:17,920 --> 00:45:20,799
Speaker 2: single person in the Marshall Islands has received the full

765
00:45:20,840 --> 00:45:24,000
Speaker 2: amount of compensation that they were allocated. A great many

766
00:45:24,080 --> 00:45:28,279
Speaker 2: have received less than half. In nineteen ninety five, the

767
00:45:28,360 --> 00:45:31,480
Speaker 2: Island Council learned that the Environmental Protection Agency standard for

768
00:45:31,600 --> 00:45:35,000
Speaker 2: radiation reduction requirements was a lot lower than those of

769
00:45:35,040 --> 00:45:37,480
Speaker 2: the Department of Energy scientists had been using thus far

770
00:45:38,239 --> 00:45:42,560
Speaker 2: fifteen millirems as opposed to one hundred millirems. Between this

771
00:45:43,080 --> 00:45:45,560
Speaker 2: and the demand on settlement funds for services that would

772
00:45:45,600 --> 00:45:48,160
Speaker 2: lift the surviving islanders and their families out of poverty,

773
00:45:48,920 --> 00:45:52,440
Speaker 2: the cleanup of Bikinia Toll began to lose steam. Today,

774
00:45:52,920 --> 00:45:55,960
Speaker 2: six hundred people still live on killing subsisting largely a

775
00:45:56,040 --> 00:46:00,000
Speaker 2: US settlement fund. Their children, like many other marshal Eads,

776
00:46:00,160 --> 00:46:02,960
Speaker 2: go to boarding schools and other atolls, but they still

777
00:46:03,000 --> 00:46:06,680
Speaker 2: can't sale their canoes at home. Other Bikinians live on

778
00:46:06,680 --> 00:46:09,319
Speaker 2: one of the islands or Madro Atoll, but with no

779
00:46:09,440 --> 00:46:11,880
Speaker 2: matrilineal ties to their land, they don't have access to

780
00:46:11,920 --> 00:46:14,960
Speaker 2: that which defines them in their culture. Despite being so

781
00:46:15,080 --> 00:46:17,520
Speaker 2: isolated that the government thought it could safely nuke the

782
00:46:17,560 --> 00:46:21,040
Speaker 2: island without damaging the mainland or really anywhere it cared about,

783
00:46:21,760 --> 00:46:24,240
Speaker 2: the island's trust fund is still privy to the rising

784
00:46:24,280 --> 00:46:26,279
Speaker 2: and falling of the stock market, and it took a

785
00:46:26,280 --> 00:46:30,279
Speaker 2: significant hit in two thousand and eight. In twenty seventeen,

786
00:46:31,120 --> 00:46:34,720
Speaker 2: Trump's Department of the Interior allowed Bikini's mayor and council

787
00:46:34,800 --> 00:46:36,960
Speaker 2: to supervise the use of the fund in order to

788
00:46:37,120 --> 00:46:42,520
Speaker 2: quote restore trust and ensure that sovereignty means something. When

789
00:46:42,560 --> 00:46:45,200
Speaker 2: turned over, the fund was valued at fifty nine million

790
00:46:45,280 --> 00:46:48,719
Speaker 2: US dollars. Today it holds a little more than one

791
00:46:48,800 --> 00:46:52,480
Speaker 2: hundred thousand US dollars. The island's mayor and US in

792
00:46:52,560 --> 00:46:55,040
Speaker 2: GIEVUS oversaw the fund at the time of its depletion,

793
00:46:55,280 --> 00:46:57,960
Speaker 2: and has admitted to claiming personal expenses from the fund

794
00:46:58,000 --> 00:46:59,960
Speaker 2: and spending six figure sums on his trip to the

795
00:47:01,480 --> 00:47:04,640
Speaker 2: He's also made more popular purchases like a small aircraft

796
00:47:04,680 --> 00:47:07,879
Speaker 2: and two cargo ships to help supply the more isolated Bikinians,

797
00:47:08,200 --> 00:47:10,600
Speaker 2: as well as construction equipment to build sea walls to

798
00:47:10,600 --> 00:47:14,600
Speaker 2: protect the islanders against another crisis, rising sea levels, which

799
00:47:14,640 --> 00:47:18,600
Speaker 2: threatens to swallow their whole country in a few decades. Sadly,

800
00:47:19,080 --> 00:47:21,960
Speaker 2: the spending has left the fund virtually empty and the

801
00:47:21,960 --> 00:47:25,120
Speaker 2: Czech's Bikinians god, which amounted to about eighty dollars per

802
00:47:25,120 --> 00:47:29,120
Speaker 2: person per month, have stopped coming. These stipends help feed

803
00:47:29,160 --> 00:47:31,959
Speaker 2: Bikinians and pay for medical care, and without them things

804
00:47:31,960 --> 00:47:35,880
Speaker 2: are even harder. Today. A few caretakers live on Bikinia

805
00:47:35,880 --> 00:47:38,400
Speaker 2: at all, and you can visit to scuba dive, but

806
00:47:38,440 --> 00:47:42,320
Speaker 2: the community that once existed there is gone. Edward Madison,

807
00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:45,880
Speaker 2: one of those caretakers, was grandson of one of the

808
00:47:45,960 --> 00:47:50,280
Speaker 2: residents removed in nineteen forty six. Madison helped lead dives

809
00:47:50,280 --> 00:47:53,480
Speaker 2: in the islands, tested clean up methods, and monitored the

810
00:47:53,480 --> 00:47:56,279
Speaker 2: pollutants for the US Department of Energy, as well as

811
00:47:56,280 --> 00:47:59,600
Speaker 2: mapping the lagoon's World War II. Rex he passed away

812
00:47:59,600 --> 00:48:08,400
Speaker 2: on Mark twenty ninth, twenty twenty. On any Watakatoll, the

813
00:48:08,440 --> 00:48:11,960
Speaker 2: cleanup will never happen. Even after it ended nuclear testing,

814
00:48:12,440 --> 00:48:16,600
Speaker 2: the US tested conventional and biological weapons there. It shot

815
00:48:16,640 --> 00:48:21,239
Speaker 2: missiles from California at the atoll and tested airborne bioweapons.

816
00:48:21,760 --> 00:48:25,920
Speaker 2: From nineteen seventy seven to nineteen eighty, the US began

817
00:48:26,040 --> 00:48:29,600
Speaker 2: scraping radioactive topsoil off the various islands it had tested

818
00:48:29,640 --> 00:48:33,840
Speaker 2: for both nuclear and biological weapons, and transporting that waste,

819
00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:37,640
Speaker 2: along with some race from Nevada to run It Island.

820
00:48:37,960 --> 00:48:40,800
Speaker 2: Once on run It, the waste was mixed with concrete

821
00:48:40,880 --> 00:48:44,440
Speaker 2: and secured in a giant concrete dome. Jeff's families from

822
00:48:44,440 --> 00:48:46,879
Speaker 2: that island, but thanks to the levels of radiation which

823
00:48:46,960 --> 00:48:49,960
Speaker 2: rival Fukushima Chernobyl, he can't go back.

824
00:48:50,719 --> 00:48:52,320
Speaker 7: My grandfather is from this island.

825
00:48:52,520 --> 00:48:55,640
Speaker 5: Oh wow, yes, sucks.

826
00:48:55,840 --> 00:48:59,960
Speaker 7: But I've never been to that island.

827
00:49:00,239 --> 00:49:03,319
Speaker 2: Is that where you're like? He did his father live

828
00:49:03,360 --> 00:49:05,440
Speaker 2: there and like his hold did they live there for

829
00:49:05,440 --> 00:49:06,680
Speaker 2: a long time? Your family before?

830
00:49:06,920 --> 00:49:08,920
Speaker 7: Yeah, yeah, that's your traditional one.

831
00:49:09,719 --> 00:49:10,239
Speaker 18: Do you want to go?

832
00:49:13,560 --> 00:49:14,440
Speaker 7: The dome is there?

833
00:49:14,600 --> 00:49:16,080
Speaker 17: Yeah?

834
00:49:16,280 --> 00:49:18,120
Speaker 7: Like all the people from that island they get to

835
00:49:18,160 --> 00:49:20,320
Speaker 7: test their radiation level.

836
00:49:21,280 --> 00:49:24,000
Speaker 2: Today, thanks to the other extinction level threat the US

837
00:49:24,000 --> 00:49:28,120
Speaker 2: has helped create, climate change, the dome is slowly sinking

838
00:49:28,360 --> 00:49:32,319
Speaker 2: and cracking. Hundreds of US servicemen developed cancer building the dome.

839
00:49:32,800 --> 00:49:36,719
Speaker 2: Six died. Many others have struggled to get full VA benefits.

840
00:49:37,400 --> 00:49:41,120
Speaker 2: As the ocean rises, the concrete cap could simply slide

841
00:49:41,160 --> 00:49:44,320
Speaker 2: off the dome and the thirty three Olympic swimming pools

842
00:49:44,320 --> 00:49:47,279
Speaker 2: worth of nuclear and biological waste could flood out into

843
00:49:47,280 --> 00:49:52,400
Speaker 2: the ocean. Locally, this dome is called the Tomb. On

844
00:49:52,440 --> 00:49:55,000
Speaker 2: the fifth of March two thousand and one, the Nuclear

845
00:49:55,040 --> 00:49:58,000
Speaker 2: Claims Tribunal handed down a decision on a seven year

846
00:49:58,080 --> 00:50:00,319
Speaker 2: lawsuit that the Bikinians had brought against you the United

847
00:50:00,360 --> 00:50:03,160
Speaker 2: States were damages done to their islands and their people

848
00:50:03,560 --> 00:50:07,480
Speaker 2: during the nuclear testing on Bikini. The tribunal was created

849
00:50:07,520 --> 00:50:10,440
Speaker 2: by the Compact of Free Association and that always had

850
00:50:10,480 --> 00:50:14,240
Speaker 2: been underfunded. The settlement and the five hundred and sixty

851
00:50:14,239 --> 00:50:17,040
Speaker 2: three million dollars it awarded stood in Limbos the island

852
00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:20,279
Speaker 2: to sue the federal government for it. On the day

853
00:50:20,320 --> 00:50:23,680
Speaker 2: we left Marjerome, the Republican Marshalll Islands negotiations with the

854
00:50:23,800 --> 00:50:26,560
Speaker 2: USA over the renewal of the Compact of Free Association

855
00:50:27,000 --> 00:50:29,520
Speaker 2: had gone on until two in the morning Marshalise's time.

856
00:50:30,719 --> 00:50:33,600
Speaker 2: We ate breakfast that day with hille Hine, the first

857
00:50:33,640 --> 00:50:35,719
Speaker 2: woman to be president of the Marshall Islands and the

858
00:50:35,760 --> 00:50:39,439
Speaker 2: first woman president in the Pacific. I didn't get great

859
00:50:39,480 --> 00:50:42,040
Speaker 2: audio there, but she shared with us the ongoing struggle

860
00:50:42,040 --> 00:50:44,799
Speaker 2: that the Marshalise people have had to secure adequate and

861
00:50:44,840 --> 00:50:49,480
Speaker 2: fair compensation. With the US offering seven hundred million and

862
00:50:49,560 --> 00:50:52,239
Speaker 2: the calculated costs of health care and cleanup closer to

863
00:50:52,280 --> 00:50:55,240
Speaker 2: three billion, there is a long way for the US

864
00:50:55,239 --> 00:50:58,880
Speaker 2: to come to make the islanders whole. They also, even

865
00:50:58,960 --> 00:51:02,799
Speaker 2: six decades on, haven't apologized to the people who had

866
00:51:02,840 --> 00:51:06,280
Speaker 2: no quarrel with them and whose homes and lives they destroyed.

867
00:51:07,239 --> 00:51:09,880
Speaker 2: The case of the people of the Pacific Proving Grounds

868
00:51:10,239 --> 00:51:14,160
Speaker 2: illustrates rather well how we can't find financial settlements they're

869
00:51:14,160 --> 00:51:16,880
Speaker 2: going to offset the kind of disasters the climate change

870
00:51:16,960 --> 00:51:20,440
Speaker 2: is bringing. This doesn't mean that people who are harmed

871
00:51:20,480 --> 00:51:23,680
Speaker 2: shouldn't be compensated, but it does mean that no amount

872
00:51:23,719 --> 00:51:26,960
Speaker 2: of cash can right the wrongs done. This is why

873
00:51:27,000 --> 00:51:29,279
Speaker 2: I wanted to anchor this series, which is about the

874
00:51:29,320 --> 00:51:33,160
Speaker 2: future with a story about the past, because in the

875
00:51:33,200 --> 00:51:35,000
Speaker 2: next couple of episodes we're going to hear a lot

876
00:51:35,040 --> 00:51:38,080
Speaker 2: about what might happen to the Marshall Islands, and again

877
00:51:38,239 --> 00:51:41,040
Speaker 2: how virtually none of it is the fault of the islanders.

878
00:51:41,520 --> 00:51:44,520
Speaker 2: That doesn't mean we shouldn't accept their leadership on these issues, though,

879
00:51:45,120 --> 00:51:47,279
Speaker 2: as we saw at the negotiations that led to the

880
00:51:47,320 --> 00:51:50,319
Speaker 2: Paris Accords, the Marshall Islands can and should take a

881
00:51:50,360 --> 00:51:53,040
Speaker 2: place at the heart of global discussions about climate change

882
00:51:53,560 --> 00:51:56,200
Speaker 2: because they are the ones most impacted by the constant

883
00:51:56,239 --> 00:51:59,319
Speaker 2: growth neoliberal model that makes other people pay for its

884
00:51:59,360 --> 00:52:03,360
Speaker 2: negative exit. As we will learn in the next few episodes,

885
00:52:03,920 --> 00:52:06,440
Speaker 2: we should ask the people impacted how they want to

886
00:52:06,440 --> 00:52:09,560
Speaker 2: be helped, and not tell them what they need. I

887
00:52:09,600 --> 00:52:12,200
Speaker 2: want to end today's episode with a poem and a

888
00:52:12,320 --> 00:52:15,120
Speaker 2: very Marshal East moment. I tried to meet the poet

889
00:52:15,280 --> 00:52:17,400
Speaker 2: who wrote this while I was on the island, because

890
00:52:17,600 --> 00:52:19,759
Speaker 2: I remember the impact of her poetry at the UN

891
00:52:19,800 --> 00:52:22,680
Speaker 2: Climate Summit. She was off island while I was there,

892
00:52:23,120 --> 00:52:26,000
Speaker 2: but it turned out the hill behind the former president

893
00:52:26,000 --> 00:52:29,320
Speaker 2: who I was having breakfast with was her mum. With

894
00:52:29,560 --> 00:52:32,480
Speaker 2: Kathy gentle kids. Note reading a poem she wrote for

895
00:52:32,520 --> 00:52:35,280
Speaker 2: her own daughter to the United Nations.

896
00:52:36,680 --> 00:52:41,600
Speaker 19: Dear Marta Felibino, you are a seven month old sunrise

897
00:52:41,640 --> 00:52:45,040
Speaker 19: of gummy smiles. You are bald as an egg and

898
00:52:45,280 --> 00:52:48,160
Speaker 19: bald as a buddha. You are thighs that are thunder

899
00:52:48,239 --> 00:52:51,800
Speaker 19: shrieks that are lightning. So excited for bananas, hugs and

900
00:52:51,880 --> 00:52:57,000
Speaker 19: our morning walks along the lagoon. Dear Marta Felibino, I

901
00:52:57,040 --> 00:53:02,320
Speaker 19: want to tell you about that lagoon, that lazy lounging lagoon,

902
00:53:02,440 --> 00:53:06,319
Speaker 19: lounging against the sunrise. Men say that one day that

903
00:53:06,400 --> 00:53:10,160
Speaker 19: lagoon will devour you. They say it will gnaw at

904
00:53:10,200 --> 00:53:12,960
Speaker 19: the shoreline, two at the roots of your bread fruit trees,

905
00:53:13,040 --> 00:53:15,799
Speaker 19: gulp down rows of sea walls, and crunch through your

906
00:53:15,840 --> 00:53:20,520
Speaker 19: island shattered bones. They say you, your daughter and your

907
00:53:20,520 --> 00:53:25,920
Speaker 19: granddaughter too, will wander rootless, with only a passport to

908
00:53:26,000 --> 00:53:32,400
Speaker 19: call home. Dear Mante felip Benam, don't cry. Mommy promises

909
00:53:32,480 --> 00:53:36,360
Speaker 19: you no one will come and devour you. No greedy

910
00:53:36,400 --> 00:53:40,440
Speaker 19: wail of a company sharking through political seas, no backwater

911
00:53:40,520 --> 00:53:45,480
Speaker 19: bullying of businesses with broken morals, no blindfolded bureaucracies gonna

912
00:53:45,480 --> 00:53:50,480
Speaker 19: push this mother ocean over the edge. No one's drowning, baby,

913
00:53:51,000 --> 00:53:55,160
Speaker 19: no one's moving, No one's losing their homeland. No one's

914
00:53:55,520 --> 00:54:00,759
Speaker 19: becoming a climate change refugee, or should I say no

915
00:54:00,840 --> 00:54:05,160
Speaker 19: one else? To the Carteret Islanders of Papua New Guinea

916
00:54:05,640 --> 00:54:08,319
Speaker 19: and to the Tarot Islanders of Fiji, I take this

917
00:54:08,440 --> 00:54:12,640
Speaker 19: moment to apologize to you. We are drawing the line

918
00:54:12,760 --> 00:54:17,600
Speaker 19: here because we baby are going to fight your mommy, daddy,

919
00:54:17,640 --> 00:54:20,520
Speaker 19: booboo dema, your country and your president too. We will

920
00:54:20,560 --> 00:54:24,920
Speaker 19: all fight. And even though there are those hidden behind

921
00:54:24,960 --> 00:54:29,120
Speaker 19: platinum titles who like to pretend that we don't exist,

922
00:54:29,480 --> 00:54:34,800
Speaker 19: who like to pretend that the Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, Kidobas, Maldives, Typhoon,

923
00:54:34,840 --> 00:54:39,319
Speaker 19: Hayan and the Philippines, floods of Algeria, Colombia, Pakistan, and

924
00:54:39,400 --> 00:54:42,040
Speaker 19: all the hurricanes, earthquakes.

925
00:54:41,360 --> 00:54:43,600
Speaker 16: And tidal waves didn't exist.

926
00:54:45,400 --> 00:54:52,000
Speaker 19: Still there are those who see us, hands reaching out, fists,

927
00:54:52,080 --> 00:54:58,480
Speaker 19: raising up, banners, unfurling, megaphones booming, and we are canoes

928
00:54:58,520 --> 00:55:02,359
Speaker 19: blocking coat ships. We are are the radiance of solar villages.

929
00:55:02,719 --> 00:55:06,080
Speaker 19: We are the fresh clean soil of the farmer's past.

930
00:55:06,600 --> 00:55:12,960
Speaker 19: We are teenagers blooming petitions. We are families biking, recycling, reusing,

931
00:55:13,440 --> 00:55:19,040
Speaker 19: engineers building, dreaming, designing, artists, painting, dancing, writing, and we

932
00:55:19,200 --> 00:55:23,400
Speaker 19: are spreading the word. And there are thousands out on

933
00:55:23,520 --> 00:55:28,440
Speaker 19: the streets marching hand in hand, chanting for change now.

934
00:55:29,320 --> 00:55:33,440
Speaker 19: And they're marching for you, baby, They're marching for us,

935
00:55:34,200 --> 00:55:38,920
Speaker 19: because we deserve to do more than just survive. We

936
00:55:39,040 --> 00:55:45,319
Speaker 19: deserve to thrive. Dear mate, Felivinum. Your eyes heavy with

937
00:55:45,440 --> 00:55:49,880
Speaker 19: drowsy weight, So just close those eyes and sleep in peace,

938
00:55:50,680 --> 00:55:52,240
Speaker 19: because we won't let you down.

939
00:55:53,360 --> 00:56:21,440
Speaker 2: You'll see United Airlines Flight one five four starts a Honolulu.

940
00:56:21,880 --> 00:56:23,719
Speaker 2: When it leaves, it carries not only a full load

941
00:56:23,760 --> 00:56:26,440
Speaker 2: of passages, but also a mechanic and spare parts for

942
00:56:26,480 --> 00:56:30,520
Speaker 2: the plane. On its journey, it stops in the Marshall

943
00:56:30,560 --> 00:56:33,719
Speaker 2: Islands at Marjora and Quadrilin before heading west to make

944
00:56:33,760 --> 00:56:37,240
Speaker 2: three stops in Micronesia, and finally it stops in Gua.

945
00:56:38,000 --> 00:56:40,399
Speaker 2: The next day, it turns around does the same route

946
00:56:40,440 --> 00:56:43,360
Speaker 2: in a reverse landing. In Marjoro, you can see the

947
00:56:43,360 --> 00:56:46,920
Speaker 2: ocean on both sides of the plane. In fact, you

948
00:56:46,920 --> 00:56:48,799
Speaker 2: can see the ocean on both sides of the plane

949
00:56:48,800 --> 00:56:52,160
Speaker 2: from a disturbingly low height, and despite this being one

950
00:56:52,160 --> 00:56:54,840
Speaker 2: of the larger islands in the Marshall Islands, it almost

951
00:56:54,840 --> 00:56:56,640
Speaker 2: looks like the plane won't fit on it without a

952
00:56:56,640 --> 00:57:00,000
Speaker 2: wingtip overhanging the lagoon. The plane does fit, of course,

953
00:57:00,280 --> 00:57:02,360
Speaker 2: and there's even room left at major airport for the

954
00:57:02,400 --> 00:57:06,040
Speaker 2: best airport bar that I've ever seen. But even after

955
00:57:06,040 --> 00:57:07,720
Speaker 2: a couple of hours in the company of the island's

956
00:57:07,760 --> 00:57:11,240
Speaker 2: finest whiskey collection, it's very clear that the Marshall Islands

957
00:57:11,239 --> 00:57:13,000
Speaker 2: are in a great deal of danger when it comes

958
00:57:13,040 --> 00:57:16,120
Speaker 2: to rising sea levels. The Marshall Islands don't have much

959
00:57:16,200 --> 00:57:18,680
Speaker 2: land to begin with, and through no fault of their own,

960
00:57:18,960 --> 00:57:22,160
Speaker 2: their island paradise is being gradually lost to the ocean

961
00:57:22,920 --> 00:57:25,840
Speaker 2: start with. I want to let Kathy Gentle Kitchener, the

962
00:57:25,920 --> 00:57:28,920
Speaker 2: poet who he heard from yesterday, outline the scale of

963
00:57:28,920 --> 00:57:29,400
Speaker 2: the threat.

964
00:57:30,080 --> 00:57:32,640
Speaker 19: Climate change is a challenge that few want to take on,

965
00:57:33,280 --> 00:57:36,920
Speaker 19: but the price of inaction is so high. Those of

966
00:57:37,000 --> 00:57:41,800
Speaker 19: us from Oceania are already experiencing it firsthand. We've seen

967
00:57:41,880 --> 00:57:44,760
Speaker 19: waves crashing into our homes and our bread fruit trees

968
00:57:44,800 --> 00:57:47,720
Speaker 19: wither from the salt and drought. We look at our

969
00:57:47,800 --> 00:57:50,720
Speaker 19: children and wonder how they will know themselves or their

970
00:57:50,760 --> 00:57:55,760
Speaker 19: culture should we lose our islands. Climate change affects not

971
00:57:55,800 --> 00:58:00,920
Speaker 19: only US islanders, it threatens the entire world. To tackle it,

972
00:58:00,920 --> 00:58:02,120
Speaker 19: we need a radical change.

973
00:58:02,120 --> 00:58:04,400
Speaker 13: Of course, this isn't easy.

974
00:58:04,560 --> 00:58:04,880
Speaker 11: I know.

975
00:58:05,840 --> 00:58:09,919
Speaker 19: It means ending carbon pollution within my lifetime. It means

976
00:58:09,920 --> 00:58:13,600
Speaker 19: supporting those of us most affected to prepare for unavoidable

977
00:58:13,600 --> 00:58:18,760
Speaker 19: climate impacts, and it means taking responsibility for irreversible loss

978
00:58:18,760 --> 00:58:23,000
Speaker 19: and damage caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The people who

979
00:58:23,000 --> 00:58:27,840
Speaker 19: support this movement are indigenous mothers like me, families like mine,

980
00:58:27,920 --> 00:58:32,000
Speaker 19: and millions more, standing up for the changes needed and

981
00:58:32,120 --> 00:58:35,920
Speaker 19: working to make them happen. I ask world leaders to

982
00:58:35,960 --> 00:58:37,320
Speaker 19: take us all along.

983
00:58:37,080 --> 00:58:38,600
Speaker 18: On your ride.

984
00:58:38,680 --> 00:58:40,120
Speaker 13: We won't slow you down.

985
00:58:40,880 --> 00:58:43,600
Speaker 19: Will help you win the most important race of all,

986
00:58:44,440 --> 00:58:46,840
Speaker 19: the race to save humanity.

987
00:58:47,320 --> 00:58:50,800
Speaker 2: Currently, Pacific island nations are responsible for less than zero

988
00:58:50,920 --> 00:58:54,360
Speaker 2: points zero three percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, but

989
00:58:54,440 --> 00:58:57,880
Speaker 2: the United Elations estimates that more than fifty thousand people

990
00:58:58,000 --> 00:59:00,640
Speaker 2: in the Pacific displaced every year, many of them by

991
00:59:00,640 --> 00:59:05,120
Speaker 2: climate change. Of course, people leave for other reasons. Perhaps

992
00:59:05,160 --> 00:59:06,919
Speaker 2: they're looking for work, which can be hard to find

993
00:59:06,960 --> 00:59:09,560
Speaker 2: on a small Island, or perhaps they want the opportunities

994
00:59:09,560 --> 00:59:12,920
Speaker 2: at the United States life offers. Thanks to their compact

995
00:59:12,920 --> 00:59:15,720
Speaker 2: of free association, Marshalise people can live and work in

996
00:59:15,760 --> 00:59:19,240
Speaker 2: the USA without a visa. Most marshal These people who

997
00:59:19,280 --> 00:59:22,720
Speaker 2: do leave the islands move to Springdale, Arkansas. It's where

998
00:59:22,720 --> 00:59:26,200
Speaker 2: the largest off island Marshallyse community is gathered, and they

999
00:59:26,240 --> 00:59:28,400
Speaker 2: tend to cluster around the reliable jobs offered by the

1000
00:59:28,440 --> 00:59:32,440
Speaker 2: Tyson Chicken Factory. In twenty twenty, the Tyson Chicken Factory

1001
00:59:32,440 --> 00:59:35,080
Speaker 2: remained open during lockdowns, and people who had left the

1002
00:59:35,120 --> 00:59:37,360
Speaker 2: islands for a more steady income and a better chance

1003
00:59:37,400 --> 00:59:40,840
Speaker 2: for a stable future suddenly face more great risks at work.

1004
00:59:41,760 --> 00:59:44,240
Speaker 2: Life is by no means easy for marshal Ease people,

1005
00:59:44,400 --> 00:59:46,840
Speaker 2: both in the US and at home, and the choices

1006
00:59:46,880 --> 00:59:50,600
Speaker 2: they face because of climate change constricting global economy and

1007
00:59:50,640 --> 00:59:52,800
Speaker 2: the United States refusing to pay its fair share of

1008
00:59:52,800 --> 00:59:56,720
Speaker 2: compensation don't make that any easier. On my last night

1009
00:59:56,800 --> 00:59:58,720
Speaker 2: in the Marshall Islands, I was having a beer in

1010
00:59:58,760 --> 01:00:02,240
Speaker 2: a bar and chatting with a local journalists. I asked

1011
01:00:02,320 --> 01:00:04,479
Speaker 2: him what I should write. He said that I needed

1012
01:00:04,480 --> 01:00:06,920
Speaker 2: to tell you that people in the rami aren't moving

1013
01:00:06,960 --> 01:00:10,400
Speaker 2: because they're afraid of waves. We're not afraid of the ocean,

1014
01:00:10,560 --> 01:00:13,240
Speaker 2: he said. We're ocean people. We go in the ocean

1015
01:00:13,240 --> 01:00:16,360
Speaker 2: every day. He was right, of course. The drivers of

1016
01:00:16,400 --> 01:00:19,680
Speaker 2: migration are complicated, and they always have been. I always

1017
01:00:19,720 --> 01:00:22,000
Speaker 2: tell people who ask me what I cover that they

1018
01:00:22,040 --> 01:00:25,640
Speaker 2: cover climate and conflict and migration, because in fact they're

1019
01:00:25,680 --> 01:00:29,720
Speaker 2: largely the same things. There are many reasons for migrating

1020
01:00:29,760 --> 01:00:32,120
Speaker 2: from the Marshall Islands if there are people who have left,

1021
01:00:32,400 --> 01:00:35,520
Speaker 2: and all of them are valid. But everyone I spoke to,

1022
01:00:35,840 --> 01:00:37,800
Speaker 2: whether they'd left or come back or stayed there their

1023
01:00:37,840 --> 01:00:41,440
Speaker 2: whole lives, were pretty clear that nobody wants the community

1024
01:00:41,480 --> 01:00:44,240
Speaker 2: to leave. The people of the Marshall Islands love their

1025
01:00:44,280 --> 01:00:46,880
Speaker 2: islands and they want to raise their children and grandchildren

1026
01:00:46,880 --> 01:00:50,280
Speaker 2: on their ancestral land. But the people making the choices

1027
01:00:50,280 --> 01:00:52,400
Speaker 2: that impact their ability to do that are a long

1028
01:00:52,520 --> 01:00:55,160
Speaker 2: way from the lagoon that's creeping closer and closer to

1029
01:00:55,200 --> 01:00:59,200
Speaker 2: the houses around magro at All. Climate change making the

1030
01:00:59,240 --> 01:01:02,800
Speaker 2: islands unhabit doesn't necessarily mean they'll be swallowed entirely by

1031
01:01:02,880 --> 01:01:06,760
Speaker 2: the ocean. Long before the last scrap of land disappears.

1032
01:01:07,040 --> 01:01:10,320
Speaker 2: The rising saltwater will kill bread fruit trees, and flooding

1033
01:01:10,360 --> 01:01:13,680
Speaker 2: will destroy homes. To get a scent of that threat,

1034
01:01:14,120 --> 01:01:15,480
Speaker 2: we spoke to a meteorologist.

1035
01:01:16,040 --> 01:01:21,880
Speaker 5: I'm regally white, regional white, and I'm the meteorologist in charge.

1036
01:01:21,640 --> 01:01:25,040
Speaker 2: Here ready explained what climate change might do to make

1037
01:01:25,040 --> 01:01:27,920
Speaker 2: the islands less easy to live on and eventually perhaps

1038
01:01:27,960 --> 01:01:31,320
Speaker 2: impossible to live on. If something doesn't change. It's hard

1039
01:01:31,360 --> 01:01:34,200
Speaker 2: for people to see these kind of creeping changes. When

1040
01:01:34,200 --> 01:01:37,360
Speaker 2: we think about climate change rendering an island uninhabitable, we

1041
01:01:37,400 --> 01:01:39,960
Speaker 2: think about the island ceasing to exist, or the house

1042
01:01:40,040 --> 01:01:42,560
Speaker 2: is being swept away by a storm surge or a

1043
01:01:42,560 --> 01:01:45,920
Speaker 2: massive king tide. Perhaps, but in fact the changes are

1044
01:01:45,960 --> 01:01:48,120
Speaker 2: more gradual, but no less destructive.

1045
01:01:48,920 --> 01:01:52,000
Speaker 5: We have to go back to the emasion scenarios that

1046
01:01:52,120 --> 01:01:57,400
Speaker 5: IP is produced, and based on them worst case scenario,

1047
01:01:57,600 --> 01:01:59,240
Speaker 5: if we look at it, I have to open up

1048
01:01:59,280 --> 01:02:02,560
Speaker 5: the computer at the table. But in one hundred years

1049
01:02:03,920 --> 01:02:06,400
Speaker 5: we may be not completely stening, and that's not what's

1050
01:02:06,480 --> 01:02:09,800
Speaker 5: important here. What is important is the islands.

1051
01:02:09,320 --> 01:02:13,680
Speaker 20: Will be uninevitable way before they sink, because we will

1052
01:02:13,720 --> 01:02:16,000
Speaker 20: not be able to drive on the road, we will

1053
01:02:16,040 --> 01:02:18,600
Speaker 20: not be able to rely on our water lenses, because

1054
01:02:18,640 --> 01:02:21,080
Speaker 20: they'll all have salt water into them.

1055
01:02:21,120 --> 01:02:25,320
Speaker 5: As more and more frequent salt water intros and get

1056
01:02:25,400 --> 01:02:28,240
Speaker 5: on top and down into the water lens, they will

1057
01:02:28,280 --> 01:02:35,760
Speaker 5: be undrinkable. So at what stage can we put that target.

1058
01:02:36,440 --> 01:02:38,800
Speaker 5: I'm not comfortable at this moment to point that out,

1059
01:02:38,840 --> 01:02:40,840
Speaker 5: but I think anyone of us can look at the

1060
01:02:40,960 --> 01:02:45,120
Speaker 5: numbers and decide, based on this emission scenario, this is

1061
01:02:45,160 --> 01:02:48,120
Speaker 5: the day. Based on that the mission scenario, that is

1062
01:02:48,160 --> 01:02:52,720
Speaker 5: the day. So there's not a set day or a

1063
01:02:53,440 --> 01:02:55,080
Speaker 5: what do you call it? The hair that broke the

1064
01:02:55,160 --> 01:03:00,240
Speaker 5: camel's back? What was it? What was the American saying?

1065
01:03:01,440 --> 01:03:04,520
Speaker 2: As Reggie explained, the impact of rising sea levels is

1066
01:03:04,560 --> 01:03:07,400
Speaker 2: already being seen, particularly in the case of flooding.

1067
01:03:07,960 --> 01:03:11,400
Speaker 5: Oh, there are many but in a low lying at

1068
01:03:11,440 --> 01:03:16,800
Speaker 5: all you're most concerned is flooding, coastal flooding. So we've

1069
01:03:16,840 --> 01:03:22,360
Speaker 5: seen more frequent flooding during Landinia. Landinea is the face

1070
01:03:22,400 --> 01:03:26,440
Speaker 5: where in the Marshall Islands, specifically, you get elevated sea

1071
01:03:26,520 --> 01:03:30,960
Speaker 5: levels about ten centimeters or so eight to twelve inches

1072
01:03:32,200 --> 01:03:35,120
Speaker 5: on top of the normal sea level at any given time.

1073
01:03:35,320 --> 01:03:40,440
Speaker 5: So when there is a storm, search king tide, those

1074
01:03:40,440 --> 01:03:44,560
Speaker 5: things compound on one another to give us more frequent

1075
01:03:44,920 --> 01:03:47,800
Speaker 5: coastal floodings in the low lying areas. If you go

1076
01:03:47,880 --> 01:03:51,160
Speaker 5: in the bag of Measuro, you will see people building

1077
01:03:51,240 --> 01:03:55,439
Speaker 5: up sea walls to protect their properties. With those sea walls,

1078
01:03:55,520 --> 01:03:59,560
Speaker 5: the impact there's been lessened a bit, but without those

1079
01:03:59,720 --> 01:04:04,880
Speaker 5: walls now sence flooding has been almost a monthly occurrence

1080
01:04:05,000 --> 01:04:06,640
Speaker 5: during allninial phases.

1081
01:04:07,960 --> 01:04:11,280
Speaker 2: In twenty twenty one, the World Bank and the Marshalleasee

1082
01:04:11,320 --> 01:04:15,080
Speaker 2: government produced a report which allowed visualization of the impact

1083
01:04:15,080 --> 01:04:19,400
Speaker 2: of climate change on each building in Marjuro in broad strokes.

1084
01:04:19,600 --> 01:04:23,000
Speaker 2: The report stated that quote rising sea levels and the

1085
01:04:23,040 --> 01:04:25,960
Speaker 2: atoll nation of the Marshall Islands are projected to endanger

1086
01:04:26,080 --> 01:04:29,920
Speaker 2: forty percent of existing buildings in the capitol Marjoro, with

1087
01:04:30,120 --> 01:04:32,760
Speaker 2: ninety six percent of the city at risk for frequent

1088
01:04:32,840 --> 01:04:36,240
Speaker 2: flooding introduced by climate change. According to a World Bank study,

1089
01:04:37,400 --> 01:04:39,880
Speaker 2: change seems to be very hard for the corporations and

1090
01:04:39,920 --> 01:04:44,000
Speaker 2: governments most responsible for it. Indeed, one could argue that

1091
01:04:44,080 --> 01:04:47,600
Speaker 2: seeing that change is hard because of those corporations and governments.

1092
01:04:48,200 --> 01:04:52,760
Speaker 2: Namia Rescuers, a Harvard historian of science, studies the propaganda

1093
01:04:52,880 --> 01:04:55,760
Speaker 2: that has allowed major corporations to deny the damage they

1094
01:04:55,760 --> 01:04:58,800
Speaker 2: do to the planet and generate massive profits by not

1095
01:04:58,840 --> 01:05:03,440
Speaker 2: paying for the negative xconalities of their actions. Negative excenalities,

1096
01:05:03,440 --> 01:05:06,160
Speaker 2: if you're not familiar, are the costs that their business

1097
01:05:06,200 --> 01:05:10,000
Speaker 2: imposes on other people but they don't pay. In her

1098
01:05:10,040 --> 01:05:14,320
Speaker 2: book Merchants of Doubt, Arescus traces how nuclear testing did

1099
01:05:14,440 --> 01:05:17,360
Speaker 2: huge damage to the ozone layer. Indeed, much of the

1100
01:05:17,400 --> 01:05:20,480
Speaker 2: technology we used today to track global climate change was

1101
01:05:20,520 --> 01:05:23,920
Speaker 2: developed using government money. Part of the reason why was

1102
01:05:23,920 --> 01:05:26,400
Speaker 2: to assess with the Soviet Union was doing nuclear testing

1103
01:05:26,440 --> 01:05:30,320
Speaker 2: by tracking the environmental damage that was done. Using some

1104
01:05:30,440 --> 01:05:34,360
Speaker 2: of the data these instruments created, scientists, among them Carl Sagan,

1105
01:05:34,760 --> 01:05:37,480
Speaker 2: began to discuss the possibility of a nuclear winter and

1106
01:05:37,520 --> 01:05:40,320
Speaker 2: the fact that any use of nuclear weapons or even

1107
01:05:40,320 --> 01:05:43,480
Speaker 2: a nuclear accident could put the future of all humanity

1108
01:05:43,480 --> 01:05:47,360
Speaker 2: at risk. Unsurprisingly, as huge public relations ever spun up

1109
01:05:47,600 --> 01:05:49,840
Speaker 2: to dismiss the idea of nuclear winter and attack the

1110
01:05:49,840 --> 01:05:53,640
Speaker 2: concept of nuclear war being an unwinnable proposition. There was,

1111
01:05:53,760 --> 01:05:56,480
Speaker 2: after all, a huge amount of money at stick. In

1112
01:05:56,520 --> 01:05:59,280
Speaker 2: an excellent New York caressing on the subject, Jill Lapour,

1113
01:05:59,520 --> 01:06:03,840
Speaker 2: another Harvard historian, outlines a campaign to discredit those scientists

1114
01:06:03,880 --> 01:06:07,000
Speaker 2: and their claims. In nineteen eighty four, in an effort

1115
01:06:07,000 --> 01:06:09,160
Speaker 2: to count to Carl Sagan and to defend what was

1116
01:06:09,200 --> 01:06:13,520
Speaker 2: called the Strategic Defense Initiative, the George C. Marshall Institute

1117
01:06:13,600 --> 01:06:17,840
Speaker 2: was founded by Robert Jastro, a NASA physicist, Frederick Seitz,

1118
01:06:18,000 --> 01:06:21,040
Speaker 2: a former president of the National Academy of Sciences, and

1119
01:06:21,080 --> 01:06:25,120
Speaker 2: William Nihrenberg, a past director at the Script's Institute of Oceanography.

1120
01:06:25,200 --> 01:06:28,640
Speaker 2: Right here where I live in San Diego. The Marshall

1121
01:06:28,680 --> 01:06:32,760
Speaker 2: Institute began trying to get PBS to not air documentaries

1122
01:06:32,760 --> 01:06:37,120
Speaker 2: opposing the Strategic Defense initiative. The so called star Wars

1123
01:06:37,120 --> 01:06:39,800
Speaker 2: program wouldn't be of any use of a single nuclear

1124
01:06:39,840 --> 01:06:43,840
Speaker 2: incident could trigger devastating change in the global climate. Another

1125
01:06:43,840 --> 01:06:47,520
Speaker 2: Master Institute scientist, Seltz's cousin Russell, who was a physicist

1126
01:06:47,560 --> 01:06:50,160
Speaker 2: at Harvard Center for International Affairs, published an essay in

1127
01:06:50,200 --> 01:06:52,720
Speaker 2: the National Interest in the fall of nineteen eighty six

1128
01:06:53,240 --> 01:06:56,120
Speaker 2: dismissing the idea of nuclear winter and saying it was

1129
01:06:56,160 --> 01:07:00,320
Speaker 2: nothing but a series of long conjectures. He described vibes

1130
01:07:00,320 --> 01:07:04,400
Speaker 2: the nuclear winter theory as dead course of death, notorious

1131
01:07:04,480 --> 01:07:08,560
Speaker 2: lack of scientific integrity. By nineteen eighty eight, the Institute

1132
01:07:08,560 --> 01:07:11,640
Speaker 2: have pivoted and it began publishing the first of many

1133
01:07:11,680 --> 01:07:16,600
Speaker 2: papers on climate change. Other scientists there, including Fred Singer,

1134
01:07:16,720 --> 01:07:19,880
Speaker 2: challenged the model that predicted a nuclear winter. They've gone

1135
01:07:19,920 --> 01:07:21,960
Speaker 2: on to do the same with climate change, claiming that

1136
01:07:22,000 --> 01:07:24,800
Speaker 2: in both cases it was far from certain that catastrophic

1137
01:07:24,840 --> 01:07:31,080
Speaker 2: consequences would occur. Singer incidentally was a consultant for Arco, Exxon,

1138
01:07:31,360 --> 01:07:35,560
Speaker 2: Shell Oil, and sol Oil. He died in twenty twenty

1139
01:07:35,960 --> 01:07:38,640
Speaker 2: after serving for years as a director of Science and

1140
01:07:38,720 --> 01:07:42,160
Speaker 2: environment policy at the Heartland Institute, which was founded in

1141
01:07:42,280 --> 01:07:45,440
Speaker 2: nineteen eighty four. Its position on global warming at the

1142
01:07:45,480 --> 01:07:50,040
Speaker 2: time was quote most scientists do not believe human greenhouse

1143
01:07:50,080 --> 01:07:53,040
Speaker 2: gas emissions are a proven threat to the environment or

1144
01:07:53,120 --> 01:07:57,720
Speaker 2: human well being, despite a barrage of propaganda insisting otherwise

1145
01:07:57,800 --> 01:08:00,640
Speaker 2: coming from the environmental movement and eco by its sick

1146
01:08:00,680 --> 01:08:04,240
Speaker 2: ephants in the mainstream media. In the Marshall Islands, this

1147
01:08:04,400 --> 01:08:07,880
Speaker 2: kind of de nihilism, no matter how well funded and qualified,

1148
01:08:08,000 --> 01:08:11,760
Speaker 2: really isn't going to stick. Everyone here is personally seen

1149
01:08:11,800 --> 01:08:14,120
Speaker 2: the impacts of rising sea levels eroding away on their

1150
01:08:14,160 --> 01:08:17,240
Speaker 2: precious land, but it's the actions of people everywhere that

1151
01:08:17,400 --> 01:08:20,719
Speaker 2: impact people here, so they have to persuade the rest

1152
01:08:20,760 --> 01:08:22,200
Speaker 2: of the world to care about them.

1153
01:08:22,920 --> 01:08:29,759
Speaker 5: I will bet that every Marshal Marshalise understand impacts because

1154
01:08:29,760 --> 01:08:34,480
Speaker 5: every Marshalise has been a victim of some coastal inovision,

1155
01:08:34,520 --> 01:08:37,320
Speaker 5: has been you know, has been impacted by those, so

1156
01:08:37,400 --> 01:08:38,120
Speaker 5: they understand.

1157
01:08:38,760 --> 01:08:38,880
Speaker 21: Uh.

1158
01:08:39,040 --> 01:08:41,960
Speaker 5: The youngest ones maybe they experienced there first, but the

1159
01:08:42,040 --> 01:08:44,920
Speaker 5: older ones, they've been around during those days when there,

1160
01:08:45,320 --> 01:08:50,600
Speaker 5: you know, coastal flooding wasn't an issue.

1161
01:08:51,600 --> 01:08:52,880
Speaker 2: One of the things I like to do in my

1162
01:08:52,920 --> 01:08:56,320
Speaker 2: free time is to freedom. Sometimes I can collect sea

1163
01:08:56,400 --> 01:08:58,840
Speaker 2: urchins or cool shells, but lots of the time I

1164
01:08:58,920 --> 01:09:01,800
Speaker 2: just like to be underwater. I've never done scuba diving.

1165
01:09:02,240 --> 01:09:04,800
Speaker 2: All the gear and equipment kind of scares me, but

1166
01:09:05,240 --> 01:09:07,479
Speaker 2: holding my breath and swimming around the reef is probably

1167
01:09:07,479 --> 01:09:10,240
Speaker 2: the closest thing I'll ever feel to flying. To be

1168
01:09:10,280 --> 01:09:12,639
Speaker 2: able to hold your breath for a minute or two underwater,

1169
01:09:13,000 --> 01:09:15,479
Speaker 2: you need to get your heart rate very low, and

1170
01:09:15,560 --> 01:09:19,120
Speaker 2: this means being very calm, letting tension and stress float away.

1171
01:09:19,840 --> 01:09:22,120
Speaker 2: It's a magical feeling and one that I've tapped into

1172
01:09:22,160 --> 01:09:26,360
Speaker 2: even outside the water. In stressful situations. Sometimes that ability

1173
01:09:26,400 --> 01:09:29,000
Speaker 2: to calm yourself could be a bit too effective. I

1174
01:09:29,040 --> 01:09:31,720
Speaker 2: remember once starting to walk off a broken pelvis and

1175
01:09:31,760 --> 01:09:36,160
Speaker 2: passing out from blood loss later. Sometimes that calm focus, though,

1176
01:09:36,240 --> 01:09:39,080
Speaker 2: can be exactly what you need, Like when you're holding

1177
01:09:39,080 --> 01:09:40,519
Speaker 2: your breath on the bottom of the ocean and you

1178
01:09:40,560 --> 01:09:42,880
Speaker 2: realize that you got your fins tangled and abandoned fishing

1179
01:09:42,920 --> 01:09:44,240
Speaker 2: line and you need to cut it so you can

1180
01:09:44,280 --> 01:09:46,800
Speaker 2: get back to the surface and breathe. I saw that

1181
01:09:46,840 --> 01:09:50,200
Speaker 2: same ability to remain calm and even happy despite what

1182
01:09:50,240 --> 01:09:52,960
Speaker 2: seems like another impending crisis every time I spoke to

1183
01:09:52,960 --> 01:09:57,080
Speaker 2: marshal Lease people about climate change. Between their nuclear past

1184
01:09:57,240 --> 01:10:00,360
Speaker 2: and their perilous future, the Marshalise people have every right

1185
01:10:00,400 --> 01:10:02,720
Speaker 2: to be angry, and maybe they are angry when they're

1186
01:10:02,760 --> 01:10:06,400
Speaker 2: not told them to British journalists. But whenever I ask people,

1187
01:10:06,479 --> 01:10:09,639
Speaker 2: they still seem hopeful, upbeat and excited about the future

1188
01:10:09,680 --> 01:10:13,519
Speaker 2: of their country. As we're going to see tomorrow, marshal

1189
01:10:13,600 --> 01:10:16,920
Speaker 2: Le's people are still very much investing in their shared future.

1190
01:10:17,840 --> 01:10:19,920
Speaker 2: I think that's something we can all learn from. Resilience

1191
01:10:19,960 --> 01:10:22,720
Speaker 2: to the Marshallei's community, even in the face of what

1192
01:10:22,800 --> 01:10:26,519
Speaker 2: seems like a second apocalyptic threat. He's Reggie discussing how

1193
01:10:26,520 --> 01:10:28,479
Speaker 2: climate change makes him feel well.

1194
01:10:28,520 --> 01:10:31,120
Speaker 5: I try not to dwell on what could happen. I

1195
01:10:31,200 --> 01:10:33,960
Speaker 5: could try to think of what we could do now

1196
01:10:34,160 --> 01:10:37,360
Speaker 5: to change people's heart, to change how we behave while

1197
01:10:37,400 --> 01:10:41,479
Speaker 5: we treat the world. I mean, it's our only home.

1198
01:10:42,320 --> 01:10:45,280
Speaker 5: You go out in space and look back. It's one

1199
01:10:45,400 --> 01:10:49,639
Speaker 5: lonely place in an entire galaxy of stars and whatever.

1200
01:10:49,680 --> 01:10:52,320
Speaker 5: You But when you look at it that way, you

1201
01:10:52,640 --> 01:10:55,800
Speaker 5: begin to realize I must respect my police. Who else

1202
01:10:55,840 --> 01:10:57,280
Speaker 5: will respect? The divide?

1203
01:10:58,040 --> 01:11:00,400
Speaker 2: It's worth noting that some people we talk to concerned

1204
01:11:00,400 --> 01:11:01,479
Speaker 2: about climate change.

1205
01:11:02,080 --> 01:11:06,400
Speaker 22: My name is Juliet Miranda from Mussel Island. I live

1206
01:11:06,479 --> 01:11:07,040
Speaker 22: on Takhan.

1207
01:11:07,920 --> 01:11:10,479
Speaker 2: Juliet's an older resident of wrong Rum, one of the

1208
01:11:10,520 --> 01:11:13,439
Speaker 2: outer islands on madro At. All her life there is

1209
01:11:13,520 --> 01:11:16,960
Speaker 2: in many senses adyllic. Her cook house is built around

1210
01:11:17,000 --> 01:11:20,080
Speaker 2: a large breadfruit tree. The tree also serves as a

1211
01:11:20,120 --> 01:11:23,400
Speaker 2: work service. It's like a solar punk vision of the

1212
01:11:23,439 --> 01:11:26,040
Speaker 2: future where we live in harmony with nature. But for

1213
01:11:26,120 --> 01:11:28,439
Speaker 2: her it's just a place she makes lunch along with

1214
01:11:28,479 --> 01:11:31,639
Speaker 2: the other wrong Wung islanders. She served a visiting group

1215
01:11:31,760 --> 01:11:35,880
Speaker 2: that I was part of a delicious lunch of coconut breadfruit, pandanas,

1216
01:11:36,040 --> 01:11:39,080
Speaker 2: crabs and rice. Well, we talked about what brought her

1217
01:11:39,120 --> 01:11:41,880
Speaker 2: back to the Marshall Islands after thirty years living in

1218
01:11:41,880 --> 01:11:43,080
Speaker 2: the United States.

1219
01:11:43,479 --> 01:11:47,880
Speaker 22: Well, so, though you always are own sick when I'm

1220
01:11:47,960 --> 01:11:56,280
Speaker 22: in USA, I miss my you know, around freedom, like USA,

1221
01:11:56,560 --> 01:12:01,479
Speaker 22: you cannot go the next door. It goes trust passing.

1222
01:12:02,000 --> 01:12:04,480
Speaker 22: But around here you do everything.

1223
01:12:05,520 --> 01:12:08,360
Speaker 14: Yes, it's it's different, lots different.

1224
01:12:08,680 --> 01:12:13,439
Speaker 22: So I love the USA. Tell lives could and a

1225
01:12:13,520 --> 01:12:19,559
Speaker 22: lot of different things youis do then modules so I

1226
01:12:19,640 --> 01:12:23,360
Speaker 22: love it here. I do all my old thing I

1227
01:12:23,439 --> 01:12:28,639
Speaker 22: usually do, breaking and make my home chicken and join

1228
01:12:28,760 --> 01:12:32,439
Speaker 22: me and on pigeon. Santa Barbara, you have to get

1229
01:12:32,479 --> 01:12:33,960
Speaker 22: a guy good.

1230
01:12:34,000 --> 01:12:36,479
Speaker 15: Go to the peach over year reporting beach.

1231
01:12:40,439 --> 01:12:42,599
Speaker 2: She clearly loves her little piece of paradise, and it's

1232
01:12:42,640 --> 01:12:45,439
Speaker 2: easy to see why she was happy to share it

1233
01:12:45,479 --> 01:12:47,840
Speaker 2: with us, as were all the islands. On Wrong Wrong

1234
01:12:48,439 --> 01:12:50,759
Speaker 2: a short walk away from her house, Her neighbor's children

1235
01:12:50,800 --> 01:12:53,280
Speaker 2: played in the sand with their pigs, chickens and dogs,

1236
01:12:53,680 --> 01:12:55,759
Speaker 2: and it's certainly a very different place from Santa Barbara.

1237
01:12:55,800 --> 01:12:55,960
Speaker 18: Well.

1238
01:12:55,960 --> 01:12:58,000
Speaker 2: She spent much of her time in the United States,

1239
01:12:58,600 --> 01:13:01,880
Speaker 2: but it's no less special. Like many Marshal LEAs. She

1240
01:13:01,960 --> 01:13:04,920
Speaker 2: has a very strong faith and that faith is helping

1241
01:13:04,960 --> 01:13:07,040
Speaker 2: her explain why climate change is happening.

1242
01:13:07,720 --> 01:13:12,160
Speaker 17: Do you think it's because their sea levels rising?

1243
01:13:12,360 --> 01:13:14,280
Speaker 8: You can get gotta make it harder for people.

1244
01:13:14,080 --> 01:13:16,880
Speaker 22: To live in Some people do that, but I don't

1245
01:13:16,920 --> 01:13:19,719
Speaker 22: believe in Only God will do it.

1246
01:13:22,200 --> 01:13:23,280
Speaker 15: I believe in God.

1247
01:13:23,560 --> 01:13:25,960
Speaker 22: When they do the weather and said it's going to

1248
01:13:26,160 --> 01:13:28,960
Speaker 22: rain tomorrow and tomorrow is not going to be raining.

1249
01:13:30,080 --> 01:13:37,240
Speaker 22: God's going to make it rain, the nost No, you

1250
01:13:37,439 --> 01:13:39,200
Speaker 22: know it, you're mister.

1251
01:13:40,760 --> 01:13:44,639
Speaker 2: For others, the threat is already here. Here's one conversation

1252
01:13:44,680 --> 01:13:47,639
Speaker 2: with Monique and Francine from Core and Akram, a local

1253
01:13:47,840 --> 01:13:50,960
Speaker 2: NGO who you'll hear a lot about tomorrow. They're doing

1254
01:13:51,040 --> 01:13:53,719
Speaker 2: incredible work investing in the future of the Marshall Islands

1255
01:13:53,720 --> 01:13:56,759
Speaker 2: by installing water filters and smokeless stoves and homes across

1256
01:13:56,800 --> 01:13:59,080
Speaker 2: the nation. You might never have had to worry about

1257
01:13:59,120 --> 01:14:01,880
Speaker 2: clean water or never been concerned, but cooking your food

1258
01:14:02,040 --> 01:14:04,680
Speaker 2: might hurt your lungs. But both of those things are

1259
01:14:04,680 --> 01:14:07,720
Speaker 2: massive public health issues. We don't have access to electricity,

1260
01:14:08,040 --> 01:14:10,200
Speaker 2: gas and clean water from a pipe that comes into

1261
01:14:10,240 --> 01:14:13,599
Speaker 2: your home. One night before dinner, we talked to them

1262
01:14:13,600 --> 01:14:14,559
Speaker 2: about climate change.

1263
01:14:15,200 --> 01:14:20,080
Speaker 23: The scientists are saying that you've got so many years

1264
01:14:20,160 --> 01:14:28,200
Speaker 23: until all eyes melts and affects us. We don't have

1265
01:14:28,320 --> 01:14:32,240
Speaker 23: mountains to run to. In some places they can just

1266
01:14:32,320 --> 01:14:33,280
Speaker 23: front of the mountains.

1267
01:14:33,320 --> 01:14:33,919
Speaker 10: We don't.

1268
01:14:34,720 --> 01:14:44,160
Speaker 17: Yeah, so it's Marshall Islands.

1269
01:14:44,400 --> 01:14:45,679
Speaker 14: We're at the front.

1270
01:14:45,680 --> 01:14:50,720
Speaker 23: Clients, so you're also blessed that you get to see

1271
01:14:50,720 --> 01:14:52,920
Speaker 23: the Marshall Islands.

1272
01:14:53,360 --> 01:15:00,160
Speaker 9: Yeah, I really will really see firsthand what the pass the.

1273
01:15:01,920 --> 01:15:04,720
Speaker 2: Impact goes beyond the individual though. When we heard from

1274
01:15:04,760 --> 01:15:06,639
Speaker 2: the Ministry of Health and the impact the climate change

1275
01:15:06,680 --> 01:15:08,800
Speaker 2: is already having on the well being of marshal Ly's people,

1276
01:15:09,200 --> 01:15:11,799
Speaker 2: they reminded us of both the physical and mental health

1277
01:15:11,800 --> 01:15:13,479
Speaker 2: of residents has been affected.

1278
01:15:14,640 --> 01:15:20,880
Speaker 24: So well, yeah, well, as active secretary is my name

1279
01:15:20,920 --> 01:15:24,960
Speaker 24: is Nathan Carbon and Climate Change and Admin.

1280
01:15:27,200 --> 01:15:27,320
Speaker 18: Uh.

1281
01:15:28,479 --> 01:15:29,839
Speaker 9: Well, first of all.

1282
01:15:29,680 --> 01:15:33,480
Speaker 25: We'll come to to visit us.

1283
01:15:34,439 --> 01:15:36,920
Speaker 26: I think Michael Jackson has said in best do you

1284
01:15:36,920 --> 01:15:39,080
Speaker 26: want to see change in the world, you have to

1285
01:15:39,120 --> 01:15:39,760
Speaker 26: look in the mirror.

1286
01:15:42,120 --> 01:15:45,200
Speaker 9: So this is our Climate Change in Health department.

1287
01:15:45,600 --> 01:15:50,160
Speaker 25: Uh uh, climate impacts on health and well being.

1288
01:15:50,680 --> 01:15:53,800
Speaker 2: Nathan went on to explain what that means both in

1289
01:15:53,880 --> 01:15:57,000
Speaker 2: terms of mental health and in physical health, as mosquitoes

1290
01:15:57,040 --> 01:15:59,559
Speaker 2: and other disease vectors adapted to change in climate and

1291
01:15:59,640 --> 01:16:00,360
Speaker 2: rising sea.

1292
01:16:00,280 --> 01:16:09,479
Speaker 25: Levels, I communicable diseases and xdise reducing vulnerabilities with the

1293
01:16:09,560 --> 01:16:16,800
Speaker 25: vector borne diseases and then improving mental health resilience. So

1294
01:16:17,000 --> 01:16:20,000
Speaker 25: the mental health resilience is a really key them. We

1295
01:16:20,080 --> 01:16:25,600
Speaker 25: have our seminar that's ongoing right now partnership with Jojugu,

1296
01:16:26,320 --> 01:16:30,479
Speaker 25: which lets the youth express how climate change makes their

1297
01:16:30,600 --> 01:16:34,080
Speaker 25: feel and also.

1298
01:16:35,280 --> 01:16:44,880
Speaker 26: Involving the community and getting their feedback. You know, the

1299
01:16:44,960 --> 01:16:48,920
Speaker 26: climate issue is not just at a national level, it's

1300
01:16:48,920 --> 01:16:50,439
Speaker 26: mostly at the community level.

1301
01:16:52,800 --> 01:16:55,320
Speaker 2: All of these changes are hard to predict, but it's

1302
01:16:55,360 --> 01:16:57,880
Speaker 2: easy to see the impact climate change has already had.

1303
01:16:58,439 --> 01:17:01,240
Speaker 2: We spoke to the island's Environmental Rotection Agency to get

1304
01:17:01,240 --> 01:17:02,320
Speaker 2: a sense of what that meant.

1305
01:17:02,760 --> 01:17:06,120
Speaker 27: My name is Marianna Phillip and I'm the general manager here.

1306
01:17:07,000 --> 01:17:08,519
Speaker 10: As you can see, we're a very.

1307
01:17:08,360 --> 01:17:17,000
Speaker 27: Small organization with a very broad mandate anything environmental related.

1308
01:17:17,520 --> 01:17:24,560
Speaker 27: We are accountable too, and we're supposed to provide advice

1309
01:17:25,040 --> 01:17:28,719
Speaker 27: to the government and the Marshal Lease.

1310
01:17:28,560 --> 01:17:31,439
Speaker 10: People about new issues that are coming up.

1311
01:17:32,080 --> 01:17:32,439
Speaker 9: And so.

1312
01:17:35,040 --> 01:17:40,880
Speaker 28: You know, we're easily overwhelmed and outmatched, and then, you know,

1313
01:17:40,960 --> 01:17:48,320
Speaker 28: you throw in climate change into the mix, and suddenly.

1314
01:17:50,040 --> 01:17:53,960
Speaker 10: I can't even imagine what the change is going to

1315
01:17:53,960 --> 01:17:58,480
Speaker 10: be like in the next five years or ten years.

1316
01:17:58,280 --> 01:18:00,920
Speaker 10: It's hard for me to imagine. When I was a child,

1317
01:18:01,080 --> 01:18:01,800
Speaker 10: I used to.

1318
01:18:01,760 --> 01:18:05,879
Speaker 27: Go to the school across the street is a DS

1319
01:18:06,000 --> 01:18:10,080
Speaker 27: is a public school, and we would cross the road

1320
01:18:10,800 --> 01:18:14,599
Speaker 27: and swim from here all the way to develop and

1321
01:18:14,640 --> 01:18:17,559
Speaker 27: then cross the road and go home. This was all

1322
01:18:17,760 --> 01:18:24,920
Speaker 27: white Sandy Beach. You know, obviously that's not the case anymore.

1323
01:18:25,760 --> 01:18:27,960
Speaker 2: One way that the marshal Least community has responded to

1324
01:18:27,960 --> 01:18:30,600
Speaker 2: climate change is to take a position of leadership on

1325
01:18:30,760 --> 01:18:34,799
Speaker 2: mitigating carbon emissions. We heard about this all over the island,

1326
01:18:35,000 --> 01:18:38,640
Speaker 2: with solutions ranging from electric canoes to sailboats to a

1327
01:18:38,680 --> 01:18:42,320
Speaker 2: grid that runs on renewable energy. They've also taken leadership

1328
01:18:42,479 --> 01:18:45,599
Speaker 2: and how aid money is spent. Rather than just accepting

1329
01:18:45,600 --> 01:18:48,360
Speaker 2: the projects as founders suggest them, the RMI has been

1330
01:18:48,439 --> 01:18:50,720
Speaker 2: vocal in making sure that the unique challenges that they

1331
01:18:50,800 --> 01:18:55,240
Speaker 2: face are reflected with unique solutions that they propose. For example,

1332
01:18:55,600 --> 01:18:58,080
Speaker 2: they simply don't have the space for larger solar farms

1333
01:18:58,160 --> 01:18:59,439
Speaker 2: even though they do have the funding.

1334
01:19:00,400 --> 01:19:02,599
Speaker 14: My name is Angeline Heini Rimmers.

1335
01:19:03,400 --> 01:19:06,639
Speaker 12: Other than being part of GEO, I'm also the director

1336
01:19:06,680 --> 01:19:11,599
Speaker 12: for the National Energy Office, and then I'd like to

1337
01:19:11,600 --> 01:19:17,240
Speaker 12: introduce you to Ben. He's the deputy director. So we're

1338
01:19:17,280 --> 01:19:23,560
Speaker 12: a very small office. It's newly created. It was developed

1339
01:19:23,600 --> 01:19:27,160
Speaker 12: in twenty eighteen, so we're trying to be creative and

1340
01:19:27,760 --> 01:19:32,800
Speaker 12: we partnered with our local government in exchange building them

1341
01:19:34,000 --> 01:19:37,599
Speaker 12: basketball courts. The reason why there's so many basketball courts

1342
01:19:37,960 --> 01:19:41,759
Speaker 12: is that we'll be installing rooftop and on the rooftop

1343
01:19:41,800 --> 01:19:45,200
Speaker 12: that's we're going to be housing the solar, connecting it

1344
01:19:45,240 --> 01:19:49,160
Speaker 12: to the grid. And it's with this project we had.

1345
01:19:49,400 --> 01:19:51,519
Speaker 12: It took us I think more than a year. Ben

1346
01:19:51,640 --> 01:19:55,920
Speaker 12: right so went back and forth with our partner because

1347
01:19:55,960 --> 01:19:58,400
Speaker 12: they just wanted to go ahead and put on solar.

1348
01:19:58,840 --> 01:20:02,639
Speaker 2: Sometimes the scale live the programs larger countries use simply

1349
01:20:02,680 --> 01:20:04,440
Speaker 2: isn't a good fit for the marshals.

1350
01:20:04,880 --> 01:20:09,120
Speaker 12: We get funding to go on trips to places like Korea, Japan,

1351
01:20:09,800 --> 01:20:14,839
Speaker 12: Okinawa to see all these systems that in the eyes

1352
01:20:14,880 --> 01:20:17,759
Speaker 12: of big countries that you see as islands like Jju

1353
01:20:17,800 --> 01:20:22,280
Speaker 12: Island and Korea, but they're like so advanced compared to here.

1354
01:20:22,439 --> 01:20:24,479
Speaker 13: You go there and.

1355
01:20:23,800 --> 01:20:29,799
Speaker 12: They have ocean thermal and to us where like, okay,

1356
01:20:29,840 --> 01:20:32,840
Speaker 12: what about our corals that's where our reefish lives in.

1357
01:20:33,360 --> 01:20:34,960
Speaker 13: Do we have to get rid of our corals?

1358
01:20:36,400 --> 01:20:38,040
Speaker 18: Maybe we should rethink of that.

1359
01:20:38,320 --> 01:20:42,559
Speaker 2: Or they also make sure to incorporate traditional methods and

1360
01:20:42,640 --> 01:20:45,400
Speaker 2: their culture along with m modern solutions.

1361
01:20:45,960 --> 01:20:49,040
Speaker 17: I want to love more about the electric canoes that

1362
01:20:49,320 --> 01:20:51,200
Speaker 17: they are very pretty.

1363
01:20:50,920 --> 01:20:51,559
Speaker 21: Cool and.

1364
01:20:53,040 --> 01:20:57,479
Speaker 17: I'm interested to know, like a well, Jeremy area, like

1365
01:20:57,600 --> 01:21:03,759
Speaker 17: that you were incorporating in the traditional ways white ignoring,

1366
01:21:05,520 --> 01:21:08,400
Speaker 17: because that's something that the entry community. That's something that

1367
01:21:08,520 --> 01:21:13,960
Speaker 17: was framed up here at the wham. And can you

1368
01:21:14,040 --> 01:21:16,479
Speaker 17: talk about how surfused completion and how much fun it

1369
01:21:16,560 --> 01:21:17,000
Speaker 17: might save.

1370
01:21:17,320 --> 01:21:19,800
Speaker 12: Then do you want to start without who came up

1371
01:21:19,840 --> 01:21:23,600
Speaker 12: with the idea for the and and then where we

1372
01:21:23,720 --> 01:21:24,000
Speaker 12: are at?

1373
01:21:26,360 --> 01:21:34,479
Speaker 6: Yeah, So WALM started the initiative of the boat building

1374
01:21:35,320 --> 01:21:39,200
Speaker 6: and they wanted to it strictly started with womb. We

1375
01:21:39,360 --> 01:21:42,599
Speaker 6: we had no idea about that project. But initially they

1376
01:21:42,640 --> 01:21:45,320
Speaker 6: got a project from a donor for boat building where

1377
01:21:45,400 --> 01:21:52,120
Speaker 6: they would modernize these traditional canoes just to make modifications

1378
01:21:52,160 --> 01:21:54,560
Speaker 6: to like make the hull bigger for catching fish or

1379
01:21:54,760 --> 01:21:58,280
Speaker 6: just whatnot. And then out of the blue, the director

1380
01:21:58,360 --> 01:22:01,600
Speaker 6: for WAM said, hey, what if we put solar on

1381
01:22:01,720 --> 01:22:04,600
Speaker 6: this boat. I think there's something in the market. So

1382
01:22:05,360 --> 01:22:10,480
Speaker 6: we just out of the blow just wanted to test it. Unfortunately,

1383
01:22:10,600 --> 01:22:13,559
Speaker 6: when we purchased the motor and they're going to start

1384
01:22:13,680 --> 01:22:18,240
Speaker 6: the testing, WAM burned down and the motor burned down

1385
01:22:18,280 --> 01:22:22,320
Speaker 6: with it. But they did a few runs in the lagoon.

1386
01:22:22,040 --> 01:22:24,880
Speaker 13: With it and it was really awesome. I wrote on it.

1387
01:22:25,640 --> 01:22:27,639
Speaker 6: At one point they started using wind and the wind

1388
01:22:28,320 --> 01:22:31,120
Speaker 6: died down, turned on the motor, and they started using

1389
01:22:31,160 --> 01:22:33,320
Speaker 6: the motor, and then one pick up they turned off

1390
01:22:33,360 --> 01:22:37,680
Speaker 6: the motor. It was really awesome. But we Anio, the

1391
01:22:37,800 --> 01:22:40,720
Speaker 6: director wanted to procure another one, so we procured another

1392
01:22:40,760 --> 01:22:43,880
Speaker 6: one with our own funds. So it's on its way

1393
01:22:44,360 --> 01:22:46,760
Speaker 6: and it should be here very shortly to do some

1394
01:22:46,920 --> 01:22:50,760
Speaker 6: real testing. Nice, but we wanted we also partnered with

1395
01:22:50,880 --> 01:22:56,479
Speaker 6: WAM because of that just pilot project. We saw the

1396
01:22:56,680 --> 01:22:59,080
Speaker 6: need to build more of the similar kind canoe, so

1397
01:22:59,200 --> 01:23:02,240
Speaker 6: we we ask another donor if we can use their

1398
01:23:02,280 --> 01:23:06,040
Speaker 6: funding to fund the second phase of that project. So

1399
01:23:06,560 --> 01:23:10,000
Speaker 6: right now they've been approved and they're building an additional

1400
01:23:10,080 --> 01:23:15,040
Speaker 6: eighteen more canoes for each each island. And so the

1401
01:23:15,160 --> 01:23:17,320
Speaker 6: process is they bring in these boat builders from the

1402
01:23:17,360 --> 01:23:20,280
Speaker 6: outer islands, they train them how they build these new

1403
01:23:20,320 --> 01:23:24,600
Speaker 6: style canoes with modern technology, and then they ship it

1404
01:23:24,720 --> 01:23:30,320
Speaker 6: back out. One success story without the motor is in

1405
01:23:30,439 --> 01:23:38,000
Speaker 6: the atoll of Linkyap. They completely stop using their motorized

1406
01:23:38,120 --> 01:23:42,120
Speaker 6: boat because they're one hundred percent using the canoe, and

1407
01:23:42,280 --> 01:23:45,160
Speaker 6: the canoe can carry up to a ton. So they've

1408
01:23:45,160 --> 01:23:48,880
Speaker 6: been carrying copra from one island to another, back and

1409
01:23:49,000 --> 01:23:51,040
Speaker 6: forth with the canoe, and they said they'd save so

1410
01:23:51,200 --> 01:23:54,639
Speaker 6: much money that they decided to do a fishing tournament

1411
01:23:54,760 --> 01:23:56,719
Speaker 6: at their outer island from.

1412
01:23:56,640 --> 01:23:57,439
Speaker 13: The money they save.

1413
01:23:57,640 --> 01:24:01,960
Speaker 2: You he's right talking about how he sees his role

1414
01:24:02,080 --> 01:24:03,439
Speaker 2: in combating climate change.

1415
01:24:04,520 --> 01:24:04,720
Speaker 18: Oh.

1416
01:24:06,880 --> 01:24:11,840
Speaker 5: I don't enjoy being helpless. I don't believe that the

1417
01:24:11,960 --> 01:24:16,240
Speaker 5: impacts of others, should you know, impact me. I make

1418
01:24:16,360 --> 01:24:20,920
Speaker 5: the changes where I can. I try to behave in

1419
01:24:21,000 --> 01:24:25,640
Speaker 5: a manner that is not detrimental to the earth. And

1420
01:24:26,479 --> 01:24:30,200
Speaker 5: I preach that to my kids and hopefully the compounding

1421
01:24:30,320 --> 01:24:33,840
Speaker 5: effect or you know, it will grow exponentially from them

1422
01:24:33,960 --> 01:24:37,360
Speaker 5: to other ambassadors to spread the word that you know,

1423
01:24:37,479 --> 01:24:40,720
Speaker 5: we need to do something. It's not about politics and

1424
01:24:40,800 --> 01:24:47,280
Speaker 5: it's about you know, the your overhead or how much

1425
01:24:47,479 --> 01:24:49,680
Speaker 5: profit you gain at the end of the day, it's

1426
01:24:49,680 --> 01:24:53,640
Speaker 5: about how you gain those by, you know, being a

1427
01:24:53,720 --> 01:24:59,080
Speaker 5: good ambassador to preserving the earth and the climate, you know,

1428
01:24:59,360 --> 01:25:03,559
Speaker 5: all the all the other inhabitants, not just humans.

1429
01:25:06,080 --> 01:25:08,120
Speaker 2: Wherever we went in the Republic of the Marshall Islands,

1430
01:25:08,240 --> 01:25:10,120
Speaker 2: it was hard to find dooming gloom with regards to

1431
01:25:10,200 --> 01:25:13,960
Speaker 2: climate change. What we found everywhere was people adapting and

1432
01:25:14,120 --> 01:25:17,280
Speaker 2: making changes, both the kind of changes that reduce their

1433
01:25:17,320 --> 01:25:20,240
Speaker 2: carbon emissions and the kind that made their homes more

1434
01:25:20,280 --> 01:25:22,840
Speaker 2: defensible because the rest of the world is not making

1435
01:25:22,920 --> 01:25:26,599
Speaker 2: that first kind of changes. Resilience doesn't just mean sea

1436
01:25:26,680 --> 01:25:30,200
Speaker 2: walls and houses on stilts that can withstand flood. Those

1437
01:25:30,320 --> 01:25:34,639
Speaker 2: are important. It also means making hard choices and forming

1438
01:25:34,720 --> 01:25:37,439
Speaker 2: strong communities. Here's Mariana again.

1439
01:25:38,120 --> 01:25:41,799
Speaker 10: There's a lot of attention on us as frontline countries,

1440
01:25:42,280 --> 01:25:45,680
Speaker 10: you know, in the face of climate change, and we

1441
01:25:45,840 --> 01:25:49,280
Speaker 10: get a lot of reporters come in asking us questions.

1442
01:25:49,439 --> 01:25:51,760
Speaker 10: We get a lot of consultants that come in and

1443
01:25:51,880 --> 01:25:52,920
Speaker 10: out and collect data.

1444
01:25:55,160 --> 01:25:55,320
Speaker 21: You know.

1445
01:25:55,439 --> 01:26:00,000
Speaker 10: Of course we're seen as sort of the said country

1446
01:26:00,040 --> 01:26:06,160
Speaker 10: trees that will eventually face the reality of having no

1447
01:26:06,400 --> 01:26:16,960
Speaker 10: land to live on, right, so forced relocation, displacement. I

1448
01:26:17,040 --> 01:26:20,719
Speaker 10: don't want to say migration, because that's not exactly a migration.

1449
01:26:20,920 --> 01:26:24,560
Speaker 10: If you have to leave, you're you're you're being displaced.

1450
01:26:27,560 --> 01:26:28,559
Speaker 10: Our concern is that.

1451
01:26:31,280 --> 01:26:32,920
Speaker 6: We're not We.

1452
01:26:33,000 --> 01:26:38,360
Speaker 27: Don't have all the capabilities in the science at our

1453
01:26:38,400 --> 01:26:47,479
Speaker 27: fingertip to help inform the government or you know, everyone

1454
01:26:47,600 --> 01:26:54,439
Speaker 27: interested donors about how much is changing, how much is

1455
01:26:54,720 --> 01:26:57,720
Speaker 27: going to change, and especially.

1456
01:26:57,479 --> 01:26:59,599
Speaker 10: How that change is going to change us.

1457
01:27:00,040 --> 01:27:02,080
Speaker 9: You know, it's.

1458
01:27:03,520 --> 01:27:11,679
Speaker 10: It's overwhelming. We we have a national adaptation Plan.

1459
01:27:12,439 --> 01:27:15,400
Speaker 28: I hope that you will get into that.

1460
01:27:15,720 --> 01:27:20,639
Speaker 27: When you get the chance to h that's the survival plan.

1461
01:27:22,560 --> 01:27:30,800
Speaker 27: In that survival plan, there is you know, there is

1462
01:27:31,840 --> 01:27:38,720
Speaker 27: very scary reality that we may need to take down

1463
01:27:38,800 --> 01:27:43,800
Speaker 27: some islands to elevate some islands, you know, and every

1464
01:27:43,840 --> 01:27:47,840
Speaker 27: island have their landowners and what happens to those people.

1465
01:27:49,080 --> 01:27:54,080
Speaker 27: Marshalis are connected to their land so much culturally, and

1466
01:27:54,280 --> 01:28:01,280
Speaker 27: so how do we adapt to that when it comes

1467
01:28:02,439 --> 01:28:03,000
Speaker 27: so quickly?

1468
01:28:04,880 --> 01:28:05,479
Speaker 10: That's scary.

1469
01:28:06,160 --> 01:28:08,760
Speaker 2: Everywhere you go in the Marshall Islands you see the

1470
01:28:08,800 --> 01:28:12,000
Speaker 2: impact of climate change and rising sea levels but you

1471
01:28:12,120 --> 01:28:15,519
Speaker 2: also see the community responding and supporting itself through the

1472
01:28:15,600 --> 01:28:19,679
Speaker 2: existential threat. The Rami isn't a sad place, quite the opposite.

1473
01:28:19,760 --> 01:28:22,680
Speaker 2: It's a tremendously happy and beautiful place, and I had

1474
01:28:22,720 --> 01:28:24,880
Speaker 2: one of the most enjoyable weeks I can remember there.

1475
01:28:25,040 --> 01:28:27,760
Speaker 2: I'd go back in a heartbeat. But the joy with

1476
01:28:27,840 --> 01:28:30,599
Speaker 2: which people approach every day doesn't mean they aren't concerned,

1477
01:28:30,600 --> 01:28:34,000
Speaker 2: and it certainly doesn't mean they're not worthy of our concern. Tomorrow,

1478
01:28:34,360 --> 01:28:36,280
Speaker 2: we're going to discuss how the people of the Republic

1479
01:28:36,360 --> 01:28:38,720
Speaker 2: of Marshall Lions, and in particular the women of the

1480
01:28:38,760 --> 01:28:41,800
Speaker 2: Republic of Marshall Lions, and making sure that marshal Lei's

1481
01:28:41,880 --> 01:28:43,960
Speaker 2: people have a safe and healthy future.

1482
01:28:57,920 --> 01:28:59,920
Speaker 13: This is for all you guys, so you get there.

1483
01:29:14,920 --> 01:29:17,439
Speaker 2: Twice in the week I spent on Marjorro, I didn't

1484
01:29:17,479 --> 01:29:20,000
Speaker 2: get to sleep until after midnight because the hotel's event

1485
01:29:20,080 --> 01:29:22,559
Speaker 2: space was about eight feet from my pillow and someone

1486
01:29:22,600 --> 01:29:25,920
Speaker 2: in that event space was having an absolute rageo. Before

1487
01:29:26,000 --> 01:29:28,160
Speaker 2: trying and failing to go to sleep, a chatter with

1488
01:29:28,280 --> 01:29:29,640
Speaker 2: some folks who were at the party to see what

1489
01:29:29,760 --> 01:29:33,320
Speaker 2: was going on. The first night was a first birthday party,

1490
01:29:34,160 --> 01:29:36,439
Speaker 2: infant mortality has been so high in this area in

1491
01:29:36,520 --> 01:29:38,519
Speaker 2: the past that children making it through the first year

1492
01:29:38,560 --> 01:29:42,160
Speaker 2: of their life was a cause for massive celebration. It

1493
01:29:42,280 --> 01:29:44,240
Speaker 2: was rather sweet to see adults enjoying such a good

1494
01:29:44,280 --> 01:29:46,439
Speaker 2: time around a one year old who had no idea

1495
01:29:46,479 --> 01:29:49,840
Speaker 2: what was going on. The next party a few days

1496
01:29:49,920 --> 01:29:52,320
Speaker 2: later was no less festive, but for a much more

1497
01:29:52,360 --> 01:29:55,400
Speaker 2: somber reason. It was a celebration to remember an eight

1498
01:29:55,479 --> 01:29:59,120
Speaker 2: year old girl who died exactly one year before. People

1499
01:29:59,200 --> 01:30:01,920
Speaker 2: showed me her photo, and despite my condolences, they assured

1500
01:30:01,960 --> 01:30:04,479
Speaker 2: me that it wasn't a sad affair. I don't want

1501
01:30:04,479 --> 01:30:07,040
Speaker 2: to make this series a sad affair either, because despite

1502
01:30:07,040 --> 01:30:10,720
Speaker 2: the incredible challenges they have faced, Marshally's people have persevered,

1503
01:30:11,120 --> 01:30:12,960
Speaker 2: and they clearly have a great pride in their islands,

1504
01:30:13,120 --> 01:30:14,479
Speaker 2: and I don't think they would want to be seen

1505
01:30:14,520 --> 01:30:19,120
Speaker 2: as helpless and acted upon by global forces beyond their control. Instead,

1506
01:30:19,640 --> 01:30:21,720
Speaker 2: they should be seen as a strong community that has

1507
01:30:21,760 --> 01:30:24,040
Speaker 2: withstood some of the worst things a history can thriller

1508
01:30:24,120 --> 01:30:29,120
Speaker 2: community and continue to thrive. As we spoke about yesterday,

1509
01:30:29,640 --> 01:30:31,960
Speaker 2: they're taking huge steps to ensure that they lead the

1510
01:30:32,000 --> 01:30:35,439
Speaker 2: way on sustainable development they're also ensuring their future in

1511
01:30:35,520 --> 01:30:37,880
Speaker 2: other ways. Some of those might not be as shiny

1512
01:30:37,960 --> 01:30:40,640
Speaker 2: and glitzy as solar power grids or canoes powered by

1513
01:30:40,640 --> 01:30:43,280
Speaker 2: the sun, but which have made a huge difference to

1514
01:30:43,360 --> 01:30:45,879
Speaker 2: the residents of the country, particularly in the outer atolls.

1515
01:30:46,680 --> 01:30:48,400
Speaker 2: What I want to talk about today is one of

1516
01:30:48,439 --> 01:30:53,720
Speaker 2: those projects. It's a project imagined, implemented and executed by

1517
01:30:53,800 --> 01:30:58,120
Speaker 2: the women of Korra Inokrane. The name means women who

1518
01:30:58,200 --> 01:31:01,479
Speaker 2: rise at dawn, and it's very appropriate every interview you've

1519
01:31:01,479 --> 01:31:04,000
Speaker 2: heard so far and every place we went to thanks

1520
01:31:04,040 --> 01:31:06,320
Speaker 2: to the women of Kio. The trip I was part

1521
01:31:06,400 --> 01:31:08,719
Speaker 2: of was there to witness the installation of the final

1522
01:31:08,840 --> 01:31:11,720
Speaker 2: water filters on the island of Wrong Room that will

1523
01:31:11,760 --> 01:31:14,519
Speaker 2: bring to a successful conclusion a five year project to

1524
01:31:14,640 --> 01:31:17,320
Speaker 2: ensure that every single person in the Marshall Islands had

1525
01:31:17,360 --> 01:31:20,519
Speaker 2: access to clean water. I'll let them introduce themselves to

1526
01:31:20,600 --> 01:31:21,880
Speaker 2: you as it did to us.

1527
01:31:22,439 --> 01:31:26,439
Speaker 10: My name is Francine wasase Jacklick, but most people around

1528
01:31:26,520 --> 01:31:29,600
Speaker 10: town called me, so if you hear Francine, they're not

1529
01:31:29,640 --> 01:31:32,679
Speaker 10: going to go to this. I am a QUEU member,

1530
01:31:33,040 --> 01:31:36,439
Speaker 10: I'm one of the officers as the secretary.

1531
01:31:36,880 --> 01:31:41,040
Speaker 9: And I've been a queue member of gosh.

1532
01:31:41,280 --> 01:31:44,400
Speaker 10: I can't remember when, but you know we've got we've

1533
01:31:44,479 --> 01:31:49,479
Speaker 10: come along when Q is about seventeen years old, right now, wow, seventeen.

1534
01:31:50,439 --> 01:31:55,000
Speaker 9: Yeah, it's been a very fund right.

1535
01:31:55,160 --> 01:31:58,479
Speaker 10: It's my fun job outside from Kio. As my fun work,

1536
01:31:58,920 --> 01:32:01,240
Speaker 10: I work at the Ministry of Health and Human Services.

1537
01:32:02,520 --> 01:32:07,160
Speaker 10: My permanent position is the Deputy Secretary overseeing Office of

1538
01:32:07,240 --> 01:32:15,280
Speaker 10: Health Planning, Policy, Preparedness, Personnel and epidem analogy. And three

1539
01:32:15,400 --> 01:32:19,280
Speaker 10: months ago I was also given the authority rule as

1540
01:32:19,400 --> 01:32:24,400
Speaker 10: the acting Secretary of Health because the secretary was not

1541
01:32:24,560 --> 01:32:35,160
Speaker 10: the new politics. So yeah, Q is Q Corina Rani

1542
01:32:35,240 --> 01:32:38,640
Speaker 10: and we're very happy because our founder is here and

1543
01:32:39,280 --> 01:32:40,000
Speaker 10: it's money.

1544
01:32:40,200 --> 01:32:43,599
Speaker 9: So we'll do introduction and then we'll go into the agenda.

1545
01:32:43,720 --> 01:32:44,120
Speaker 9: Is that okay?

1546
01:32:45,200 --> 01:32:45,439
Speaker 21: Okay?

1547
01:32:45,520 --> 01:32:49,240
Speaker 9: So I will hand it to the back, which is

1548
01:32:49,360 --> 01:32:57,160
Speaker 9: our founder money. Somebody go ahead, Hello everyone, Hi, welcome money.

1549
01:32:58,200 --> 01:33:03,920
Speaker 9: I am the home founder. But enough, we're really happy

1550
01:33:04,040 --> 01:33:05,120
Speaker 9: that you've made it.

1551
01:33:06,120 --> 01:33:10,080
Speaker 29: You know, your flight wasn't canceled last week, so many

1552
01:33:10,160 --> 01:33:11,440
Speaker 29: flights are canceled.

1553
01:33:11,120 --> 01:33:16,280
Speaker 9: So were but welcome. In our language we say yahwey

1554
01:33:17,960 --> 01:33:21,880
Speaker 9: yeah means rainbow and quays you. So you are a

1555
01:33:22,000 --> 01:33:22,760
Speaker 9: rainbow to us.

1556
01:33:26,120 --> 01:33:26,679
Speaker 18: I am.

1557
01:33:28,400 --> 01:33:31,760
Speaker 9: A mother for now, I don't I don't work. Most

1558
01:33:31,800 --> 01:33:35,920
Speaker 9: of us have their work, but I'm a full time

1559
01:33:36,000 --> 01:33:37,800
Speaker 9: mother and this is.

1560
01:33:39,320 --> 01:33:39,840
Speaker 19: My baby.

1561
01:33:39,960 --> 01:33:48,360
Speaker 9: Actually, Kiyo started sixteen years ago. Myself and a friend.

1562
01:33:49,000 --> 01:33:52,520
Speaker 9: We were in school in the East Coast and graduated

1563
01:33:52,680 --> 01:33:57,960
Speaker 9: and we all came back. And you know, we were

1564
01:33:58,080 --> 01:34:02,559
Speaker 9: raised with this mentality that get back. We have lots

1565
01:34:02,600 --> 01:34:08,439
Speaker 9: of Marshalis proverbs and what bagayo means to turn the tides.

1566
01:34:09,000 --> 01:34:11,040
Speaker 9: So it was our time to turn the tides.

1567
01:34:11,720 --> 01:34:16,479
Speaker 23: So we bended together always like mine name Smart Ladies

1568
01:34:16,640 --> 01:34:21,320
Speaker 23: and created Q and it's a volunteer organization.

1569
01:34:22,600 --> 01:34:24,280
Speaker 9: We do this in our sleep.

1570
01:34:24,439 --> 01:34:32,880
Speaker 29: Basically all volunteer, yes, so we do various work from

1571
01:34:33,160 --> 01:34:36,680
Speaker 29: small projects like you know, reading with the kids and.

1572
01:34:38,360 --> 01:34:42,519
Speaker 9: Just some big projects like waters water culture project. My

1573
01:34:42,680 --> 01:34:43,439
Speaker 9: name is Kathleen.

1574
01:34:44,760 --> 01:34:48,160
Speaker 10: I work for the Ministry of Natural Resources and Commerce

1575
01:34:49,200 --> 01:34:50,679
Speaker 10: with the Fisheries.

1576
01:34:51,880 --> 01:34:55,360
Speaker 9: Memora and I've been in film members since.

1577
01:34:57,120 --> 01:34:59,960
Speaker 10: To push here were sixteen years old.

1578
01:35:01,680 --> 01:35:06,960
Speaker 9: Then it is like moving said, it's.

1579
01:35:07,000 --> 01:35:12,120
Speaker 10: It's an honor and we are very humble. When you visited, Uh,

1580
01:35:12,360 --> 01:35:15,040
Speaker 10: welcome you all and hope you have a great visitor.

1581
01:35:15,560 --> 01:35:22,439
Speaker 9: Thank you okay, thanks. Yeah, but my name is Samantha.

1582
01:35:22,920 --> 01:35:26,840
Speaker 22: I work at the Ministry of Finances as accountant and

1583
01:35:26,960 --> 01:35:28,799
Speaker 22: I'm cure of treasure.

1584
01:35:29,439 --> 01:35:30,680
Speaker 10: Thank you, thank you.

1585
01:35:34,520 --> 01:35:38,240
Speaker 30: Yeah, hey everyone, and welcome to our shore. My name

1586
01:35:38,400 --> 01:35:41,559
Speaker 30: is Raised, but everyone call me Kuma, So.

1587
01:35:41,720 --> 01:35:43,840
Speaker 9: I'm very pleased to meet all of you.

1588
01:35:44,560 --> 01:35:47,320
Speaker 10: When they say we have uh all these media, you know,

1589
01:35:47,840 --> 01:35:50,400
Speaker 10: big news media, I was just coming from the state.

1590
01:35:50,479 --> 01:35:51,519
Speaker 10: I was kind of nervous.

1591
01:35:54,160 --> 01:35:56,800
Speaker 30: But anyways, uh, I've been up to member since two

1592
01:35:56,840 --> 01:36:01,080
Speaker 30: thousand fourteen and I was told me, is why all

1593
01:36:01,160 --> 01:36:03,960
Speaker 30: the work that these names have been doing for the

1594
01:36:04,080 --> 01:36:08,080
Speaker 30: Marshall Islands. I'm they're probably be part of Quete Club.

1595
01:36:09,080 --> 01:36:13,200
Speaker 30: I work at ROMA at All local government and I'm

1596
01:36:13,280 --> 01:36:15,559
Speaker 30: not sure you know, but rongav is one of those

1597
01:36:16,320 --> 01:36:21,960
Speaker 30: it's all that was affected by the nuclear testing, so again, welcome.

1598
01:36:22,520 --> 01:36:25,080
Speaker 2: Kure worked with Sawyer, the people who make the Ubiquitous

1599
01:36:25,160 --> 01:36:27,200
Speaker 2: water filter, which is a favorite for through hikers and

1600
01:36:27,280 --> 01:36:30,840
Speaker 2: other outdoors people, to provide a water filtration system that

1601
01:36:30,920 --> 01:36:33,719
Speaker 2: allows Marshal's people to filter the rain water they collect

1602
01:36:34,240 --> 01:36:38,240
Speaker 2: and remove harmful bacteria that can cause diarrhea and vomiting. Well,

1603
01:36:38,280 --> 01:36:40,920
Speaker 2: these might seem undesirable listeners in the US, they can

1604
01:36:40,960 --> 01:36:44,599
Speaker 2: be fatal in other settings. Twenty nineteen, around one point

1605
01:36:44,680 --> 01:36:48,320
Speaker 2: five million people died from diarrheal diseases. That's more than

1606
01:36:48,400 --> 01:36:52,400
Speaker 2: all violent deaths combined. Around half a million of those

1607
01:36:52,520 --> 01:36:56,879
Speaker 2: deaths were children. One thing that's remarkable about the project

1608
01:36:57,160 --> 01:36:59,880
Speaker 2: is the way it was realized. Curee began just to

1609
01:37:00,120 --> 01:37:02,519
Speaker 2: should in the most remote and hard to reach a tolls,

1610
01:37:02,960 --> 01:37:05,519
Speaker 2: taking tiny boats across choppy seas for days at a

1611
01:37:05,560 --> 01:37:07,880
Speaker 2: time to get to remote islands, and then working with

1612
01:37:07,960 --> 01:37:10,799
Speaker 2: traditional women leaders to ensure that everyone on the islands

1613
01:37:10,920 --> 01:37:14,559
Speaker 2: knew how to use the filters. Then they began working

1614
01:37:14,640 --> 01:37:19,120
Speaker 2: towards Marjora, the capitol. I've seen lots of ENDO projects

1615
01:37:19,160 --> 01:37:22,120
Speaker 2: in dozens of countries I've worked with someone, but I've

1616
01:37:22,280 --> 01:37:26,080
Speaker 2: rarely seen a model that prioritizes need this well. In

1617
01:37:26,240 --> 01:37:30,680
Speaker 2: far too many cases, proximity to power ensures access to resources.

1618
01:37:31,400 --> 01:37:33,720
Speaker 2: This is a global problem. Just look at how the

1619
01:37:33,840 --> 01:37:38,240
Speaker 2: US distributed masks and COVID resources to reservations last or

1620
01:37:38,560 --> 01:37:40,360
Speaker 2: if I step outside, they can see how the lowest

1621
01:37:40,360 --> 01:37:42,519
Speaker 2: income parts of San Diego, the city I live in,

1622
01:37:42,760 --> 01:37:45,400
Speaker 2: have the worst roads and get the least infrastructure spending.

1623
01:37:46,240 --> 01:37:49,000
Speaker 2: The fact that Keio do things differently is a testament

1624
01:37:49,080 --> 01:37:52,639
Speaker 2: to the strength of their commitment to their community. In fact,

1625
01:37:53,280 --> 01:37:56,120
Speaker 2: the project finished distribution during my trip to Marshall Islands,

1626
01:37:56,920 --> 01:37:59,760
Speaker 2: completing the last island on Major Atoll in early July,

1627
01:38:00,560 --> 01:38:02,799
Speaker 2: but a few days later than that, when KEO invited

1628
01:38:02,840 --> 01:38:05,680
Speaker 2: myself and some other journalists to a goodbye breakfast, they

1629
01:38:05,760 --> 01:38:08,200
Speaker 2: presented a filter to the former president of the Republic

1630
01:38:08,240 --> 01:38:11,920
Speaker 2: of Marshall Islands, Hilde Hind Despite being the last person

1631
01:38:11,960 --> 01:38:14,639
Speaker 2: to get one. She was very grateful and it served

1632
01:38:14,640 --> 01:38:16,679
Speaker 2: as the great illustration of the priorities of the group.

1633
01:38:17,200 --> 01:38:20,080
Speaker 2: They wanted to go to the hardest places first because

1634
01:38:20,080 --> 01:38:23,799
Speaker 2: they knew people there needed help the most. His president

1635
01:38:23,880 --> 01:38:26,680
Speaker 2: Hilde Heine, after receiving her filter, I.

1636
01:38:26,760 --> 01:38:30,840
Speaker 18: Was telling morning that we don't drink from our tab

1637
01:38:30,960 --> 01:38:34,200
Speaker 18: water ours. We have our own system, but we don't

1638
01:38:34,280 --> 01:38:38,000
Speaker 18: know if it's clean, so we buy our drinking water

1639
01:38:38,080 --> 01:38:41,200
Speaker 18: all the time. So with this one I probably will

1640
01:38:41,280 --> 01:38:44,160
Speaker 18: stop bang for.

1641
01:38:44,320 --> 01:38:49,000
Speaker 2: To be pure water. I joined Kio and several other

1642
01:38:49,080 --> 01:38:52,439
Speaker 2: journalists for the final leg of their project, which involves

1643
01:38:52,479 --> 01:38:55,519
Speaker 2: installing the water filters. This doesn't really take long they're

1644
01:38:55,560 --> 01:38:58,679
Speaker 2: basically a soil filter attached to a five gallon bucket

1645
01:38:58,720 --> 01:39:02,000
Speaker 2: with a length of flexible hoe, and then explaining their

1646
01:39:02,120 --> 01:39:06,040
Speaker 2: value and upkeep to the community. As we heard yesterday,

1647
01:39:06,160 --> 01:39:08,160
Speaker 2: ground water is harder and harder to come by in

1648
01:39:08,200 --> 01:39:10,840
Speaker 2: the Marshall Islands thanks to climate change, and so people

1649
01:39:10,920 --> 01:39:15,040
Speaker 2: rely almost exclusively on rainwater. They collect rainwater in giant

1650
01:39:15,080 --> 01:39:18,599
Speaker 2: plastic tanks. They've only recently replaced a hodgepodge of different

1651
01:39:18,600 --> 01:39:22,240
Speaker 2: collection vessels. Incidentally, a visiting scientist from the CDC told

1652
01:39:22,280 --> 01:39:24,800
Speaker 2: me that the installation of these tanks has increased a

1653
01:39:24,880 --> 01:39:27,400
Speaker 2: safe disposal of waste because people no longer need to

1654
01:39:27,400 --> 01:39:31,679
Speaker 2: take their bins to collect rainwater when it rains. Once

1655
01:39:31,800 --> 01:39:34,000
Speaker 2: water is in the tanks, the residents can draw it

1656
01:39:34,040 --> 01:39:36,439
Speaker 2: out into their five gallon bucket and then filter it

1657
01:39:36,520 --> 01:39:40,599
Speaker 2: for safe drinking. The soil filter system may seem very simple,

1658
01:39:40,880 --> 01:39:43,120
Speaker 2: and it is, but that's what makes it a perfect

1659
01:39:43,160 --> 01:39:47,080
Speaker 2: solution here. A complicated electric filter, or one that relied

1660
01:39:47,120 --> 01:39:49,320
Speaker 2: on pipe water pressure or had a ton of moving

1661
01:39:49,360 --> 01:39:52,360
Speaker 2: parts would require constant maintenance, which is hard given a

1662
01:39:52,400 --> 01:39:55,720
Speaker 2: long journey to the outer Islands. In my career in

1663
01:39:55,840 --> 01:39:59,320
Speaker 2: journalism and in nonprofit. I've seen countless well intentioned aid

1664
01:39:59,360 --> 01:40:03,280
Speaker 2: projects completely failed to consider the need for sustainability and

1665
01:40:03,400 --> 01:40:07,519
Speaker 2: become useless odities. In a few years. Cargo bikes made

1666
01:40:07,560 --> 01:40:10,200
Speaker 2: a huge different coffee farmers in Rwanda until they needed

1667
01:40:10,240 --> 01:40:12,360
Speaker 2: new brake pads and there wasn't an importer for them.

1668
01:40:13,160 --> 01:40:16,080
Speaker 2: The same goes for countless glucometers I've seen distributed to

1669
01:40:16,120 --> 01:40:18,479
Speaker 2: people who can't access the batteries they use or the

1670
01:40:18,560 --> 01:40:22,240
Speaker 2: test strips they rely on. This won't happen in the

1671
01:40:22,320 --> 01:40:25,160
Speaker 2: Marshall Islands in part because the project was led by

1672
01:40:25,200 --> 01:40:27,880
Speaker 2: the community itself and not by outside nonprofits looking to

1673
01:40:27,960 --> 01:40:32,320
Speaker 2: maximize donation dollars or media opportunities, and in part because

1674
01:40:32,400 --> 01:40:34,759
Speaker 2: the only maintenance or sor filter needs is a backflush

1675
01:40:34,800 --> 01:40:38,120
Speaker 2: of the filtered water that it makes. Yesterday we had

1676
01:40:38,120 --> 01:40:41,200
Speaker 2: a little from the Marshal Lee's Environmental Protection Agency about

1677
01:40:41,200 --> 01:40:44,680
Speaker 2: how they grapple with climate change. Today, I want to

1678
01:40:44,720 --> 01:40:47,679
Speaker 2: explain how they're working alongside Kio to ensure that even

1679
01:40:47,720 --> 01:40:50,760
Speaker 2: as sea levels rise, Marshali's people will have access to

1680
01:40:50,840 --> 01:40:55,320
Speaker 2: safe water. The Marshal lyse Epa works to ensure that

1681
01:40:55,439 --> 01:40:58,559
Speaker 2: the water in people's tanks isn't contaminated, and the filters

1682
01:40:58,600 --> 01:41:01,120
Speaker 2: that Kio provided were to make sure that even if

1683
01:41:01,120 --> 01:41:04,800
Speaker 2: it is, people won't get sick. They often travel to

1684
01:41:04,840 --> 01:41:07,519
Speaker 2: the outer isons together to reduce the cost sharing a

1685
01:41:07,560 --> 01:41:10,640
Speaker 2: small boat. It's a rare example of a nonprofit in

1686
01:41:10,680 --> 01:41:13,400
Speaker 2: the government working together without competing or doing the same

1687
01:41:13,439 --> 01:41:17,720
Speaker 2: thing twice. At first, Marianna explained, people weren't sure that

1688
01:41:17,800 --> 01:41:19,920
Speaker 2: such a tiny filter could make such a big difference,

1689
01:41:20,400 --> 01:41:22,719
Speaker 2: so Kio worked with the EPA to use a visual

1690
01:41:22,800 --> 01:41:25,760
Speaker 2: test for microbial activity to show people how effective it was.

1691
01:41:26,600 --> 01:41:29,240
Speaker 2: He She is explaining how the EPA helped Kio build

1692
01:41:29,280 --> 01:41:31,200
Speaker 2: trust in the efficacy of the soil filters.

1693
01:41:32,160 --> 01:41:40,800
Speaker 27: When Sires and Kio approached us with the filters, before.

1694
01:41:40,520 --> 01:41:43,040
Speaker 10: That, a lot of people were already asking us, so,

1695
01:41:43,439 --> 01:41:47,880
Speaker 10: can we can we trust this? You know, can you

1696
01:41:48,400 --> 01:41:51,400
Speaker 10: do a test in your lab to tell us and

1697
01:41:51,640 --> 01:41:55,040
Speaker 10: confirm that this is, you know, as good as they

1698
01:41:55,400 --> 01:41:56,680
Speaker 10: claim it to be.

1699
01:41:57,280 --> 01:41:59,920
Speaker 2: Doing the test allowed the EPA to help Ko get

1700
01:42:00,040 --> 01:42:03,320
Speaker 2: greater uptake for their filters and allowed Kio to help

1701
01:42:03,360 --> 01:42:05,400
Speaker 2: the EPA achieve one of its mandated goals.

1702
01:42:05,720 --> 01:42:07,080
Speaker 9: And so when we.

1703
01:42:07,280 --> 01:42:12,960
Speaker 27: Produce these very visual like Quanta quanta or quanti trays.

1704
01:42:13,560 --> 01:42:13,960
Speaker 21: The the.

1705
01:42:15,520 --> 01:42:16,840
Speaker 10: Experts will get into it.

1706
01:42:17,000 --> 01:42:22,400
Speaker 27: But when we produce them and show a visual contrast

1707
01:42:22,560 --> 01:42:26,479
Speaker 27: between the water before the filter and then the water

1708
01:42:26,720 --> 01:42:33,520
Speaker 27: before the after the filter filtration, it was you know, amazing,

1709
01:42:34,040 --> 01:42:39,479
Speaker 27: like it's it's so clean, and you know, we make

1710
01:42:39,600 --> 01:42:43,600
Speaker 27: decisions based on science, and that science right there, and

1711
01:42:43,760 --> 01:42:49,600
Speaker 27: so we use that visual photograph outside of that that

1712
01:42:49,920 --> 01:42:51,880
Speaker 27: that meeting to show people.

1713
01:42:53,680 --> 01:42:56,320
Speaker 10: You know, we're not going to get into the microbils

1714
01:42:56,479 --> 01:43:01,080
Speaker 10: of whatever. This is the difference the water before the

1715
01:43:01,720 --> 01:43:03,559
Speaker 10: filter and then after.

1716
01:43:03,840 --> 01:43:04,120
Speaker 29: And so.

1717
01:43:06,200 --> 01:43:11,160
Speaker 10: We're just really happy that Kiyo was able to include us.

1718
01:43:11,920 --> 01:43:14,840
Speaker 27: This is one of our mandates, but we're never resourced

1719
01:43:15,000 --> 01:43:18,840
Speaker 27: that way to you know, do all of the things

1720
01:43:18,880 --> 01:43:22,240
Speaker 27: that we want to do to address water quality issues.

1721
01:43:22,680 --> 01:43:25,679
Speaker 2: Of course, it's impossible to deal with the water issue

1722
01:43:25,680 --> 01:43:29,240
Speaker 2: in isolation. Everything in the Marshall Islands are really anywhere

1723
01:43:29,320 --> 01:43:31,960
Speaker 2: else where you're paying attention has to take into account

1724
01:43:32,000 --> 01:43:34,760
Speaker 2: the impact of climate change and how communities are going

1725
01:43:34,800 --> 01:43:37,799
Speaker 2: to survive when faced with an increasingly hostile home planet.

1726
01:43:38,680 --> 01:43:40,960
Speaker 2: Now yain't explained how access to clean water helps make

1727
01:43:41,000 --> 01:43:43,320
Speaker 2: the community in the Marshall Islands even more resilient.

1728
01:43:44,200 --> 01:43:45,960
Speaker 10: Well, if you're.

1729
01:43:45,880 --> 01:43:48,599
Speaker 27: Trying to survive, the last thing you want to worry

1730
01:43:48,640 --> 01:43:54,160
Speaker 27: about is an outbreak of diarrhea or apatitis or.

1731
01:43:55,640 --> 01:43:58,000
Speaker 10: You know, water born diseases that are.

1732
01:43:58,400 --> 01:44:06,200
Speaker 27: Preventable and so clean water, you know you're much much

1733
01:44:06,320 --> 01:44:11,240
Speaker 27: more better as a community if you can thrive and.

1734
01:44:12,800 --> 01:44:16,719
Speaker 10: On clean water. It's as simple as that water is life.

1735
01:44:23,760 --> 01:44:26,200
Speaker 2: One night during my trip to the Marshall Islands, I

1736
01:44:26,360 --> 01:44:28,640
Speaker 2: was able to join Kia for a dinner that celebrated

1737
01:44:28,680 --> 01:44:31,960
Speaker 2: the completion of their water project, meaning that everyone in

1738
01:44:32,000 --> 01:44:34,519
Speaker 2: the Marshall Islands had access to water that won't make

1739
01:44:34,600 --> 01:44:37,200
Speaker 2: them sick. To get a better sense of what this

1740
01:44:37,360 --> 01:44:39,559
Speaker 2: really means, I wanted to talk to some families who

1741
01:44:39,600 --> 01:44:42,080
Speaker 2: had received those filters and to see what the clean

1742
01:44:42,160 --> 01:44:45,519
Speaker 2: water access meant to them. We've all heard that water

1743
01:44:45,680 --> 01:44:48,559
Speaker 2: is life, and that was a slogan news for Kio's project,

1744
01:44:49,240 --> 01:44:51,760
Speaker 2: but it's difficult to appreciate that if you live in

1745
01:44:51,800 --> 01:44:53,479
Speaker 2: a place where you can just turn on a tap

1746
01:44:53,520 --> 01:44:55,680
Speaker 2: and have access to clean, safe water whenever you want.

1747
01:44:56,520 --> 01:44:59,360
Speaker 2: When Kio made their posters for that dinner, they included

1748
01:44:59,400 --> 01:45:01,760
Speaker 2: a photo of a girl on Arno Island who had

1749
01:45:01,760 --> 01:45:04,400
Speaker 2: been one of the first to receive their filters, happily

1750
01:45:04,479 --> 01:45:07,400
Speaker 2: drinking from a jar of clean water. That was back

1751
01:45:07,439 --> 01:45:10,960
Speaker 2: in twenty eighteen. Since then, they thought they'd heard the

1752
01:45:11,120 --> 01:45:13,880
Speaker 2: terrible news that she died, but just before the dinner

1753
01:45:13,880 --> 01:45:16,200
Speaker 2: they found out she hadn't, and so they invited her

1754
01:45:16,240 --> 01:45:19,040
Speaker 2: to join the celebration. I was able to sit down

1755
01:45:19,080 --> 01:45:22,120
Speaker 2: with her, her mother, and other recipients of the filters

1756
01:45:22,160 --> 01:45:25,200
Speaker 2: for a quick interview via translator on the tiny island

1757
01:45:25,200 --> 01:45:25,880
Speaker 2: of Boken Boat.

1758
01:45:28,520 --> 01:45:34,360
Speaker 21: So they never filtered the water before. They would drink

1759
01:45:34,400 --> 01:45:37,360
Speaker 21: straight in the water wells or the water catchments.

1760
01:45:38,000 --> 01:45:42,240
Speaker 2: Sometimes, she said, people would get sick. We also spoke

1761
01:45:42,280 --> 01:45:44,640
Speaker 2: to Aneedi, a resident of Wrong Wrong, on the day

1762
01:45:44,680 --> 01:45:48,760
Speaker 2: that she got her filter. Frontine helped to translate her responses.

1763
01:45:48,360 --> 01:45:49,519
Speaker 30: Yeah, what are they in?

1764
01:45:49,640 --> 01:45:49,800
Speaker 13: Nine?

1765
01:45:50,360 --> 01:45:50,680
Speaker 2: Thank you?

1766
01:45:56,920 --> 01:45:59,519
Speaker 10: What she had heard about that there was going to

1767
01:45:59,560 --> 01:46:03,559
Speaker 10: be filter is coming through the island. When she first heard,

1768
01:46:03,840 --> 01:46:06,439
Speaker 10: she thought the filters were going to go directly to

1769
01:46:06,720 --> 01:46:11,360
Speaker 10: the water tanks. And now that it's more accessible, it's

1770
01:46:11,479 --> 01:46:16,760
Speaker 10: like she saw this bucket. She's happy. It's better, it's better, okay, yeah, yeah.

1771
01:46:17,439 --> 01:46:20,000
Speaker 2: Recently there have been an outbreak of diary around the atoll,

1772
01:46:20,160 --> 01:46:21,439
Speaker 2: so this was a welcome relief.

1773
01:46:22,560 --> 01:46:28,000
Speaker 10: So she had heard that there was optic of cases

1774
01:46:28,080 --> 01:46:31,320
Speaker 10: in major the capital and when she had first learned

1775
01:46:31,360 --> 01:46:35,439
Speaker 10: about her she was scared and worried.

1776
01:46:36,520 --> 01:46:39,919
Speaker 9: But to hear that there's.

1777
01:46:41,760 --> 01:46:44,880
Speaker 10: Folks coming here to the island to check on the water,

1778
01:46:45,520 --> 01:46:47,160
Speaker 10: it made them feel a little bit more.

1779
01:46:47,840 --> 01:46:48,000
Speaker 19: You know.

1780
01:46:48,120 --> 01:46:51,639
Speaker 2: Add EA's the family from Ana who traveled a long

1781
01:46:51,680 --> 01:46:53,960
Speaker 2: way on a small boat to meet us. We're looking

1782
01:46:54,000 --> 01:46:56,840
Speaker 2: forward to getting back to their home. Life on the

1783
01:46:56,880 --> 01:46:59,599
Speaker 2: outer Atolls isn't easy, but it's not one they want

1784
01:46:59,640 --> 01:47:02,599
Speaker 2: to walk away from. With the threat of climate change

1785
01:47:02,600 --> 01:47:05,240
Speaker 2: already putting their home in peril, having access to clean

1786
01:47:05,320 --> 01:47:08,240
Speaker 2: water must be a welcome relief. I asked to say,

1787
01:47:08,280 --> 01:47:10,880
Speaker 2: preferred life here on the capitol at all or back home?

1788
01:47:11,600 --> 01:47:14,599
Speaker 21: Yeah, she says life in the outer islands is better.

1789
01:47:14,880 --> 01:47:17,600
Speaker 21: There's more space, more freedom to move around.

1790
01:47:17,520 --> 01:47:18,160
Speaker 10: For the kids.

1791
01:47:18,520 --> 01:47:20,240
Speaker 2: There are things she'd like to change the course, but

1792
01:47:20,560 --> 01:47:23,320
Speaker 2: mostly her concern was preserving their little piece of paradise

1793
01:47:23,439 --> 01:47:24,520
Speaker 2: for future generations.

1794
01:47:25,800 --> 01:47:31,360
Speaker 21: She'd like her kids to be able to enjoy access

1795
01:47:31,400 --> 01:47:39,560
Speaker 21: to clean water, whether it be through more water catchments

1796
01:47:40,160 --> 01:47:44,720
Speaker 21: that are being available to the family, and also the

1797
01:47:44,800 --> 01:47:51,559
Speaker 21: electric city, as you mentioned, perhaps with the generator stuff

1798
01:47:51,640 --> 01:47:54,920
Speaker 21: like that to make life more easier in the outer lands.

1799
01:47:55,840 --> 01:48:00,479
Speaker 21: She'd like to, you know, like in the future, be

1800
01:48:00,600 --> 01:48:06,519
Speaker 21: able to see the fishing grounds preserved as well as

1801
01:48:07,040 --> 01:48:10,559
Speaker 21: the land for their farming needs.

1802
01:48:11,520 --> 01:48:14,400
Speaker 2: The way KIR works with local communities, because they're from

1803
01:48:14,520 --> 01:48:17,519
Speaker 2: local communities, enables them to be much more effective than

1804
01:48:17,560 --> 01:48:20,720
Speaker 2: a nonprofit which comes from outside the community. On wrong

1805
01:48:20,800 --> 01:48:24,240
Speaker 2: wrong they joke to laugh at local women Whenik's husband

1806
01:48:24,320 --> 01:48:26,920
Speaker 2: comes from the island, so they were already welcome, and

1807
01:48:27,280 --> 01:48:29,680
Speaker 2: then after some time bantering, they explained the way to

1808
01:48:29,760 --> 01:48:33,479
Speaker 2: water filters work. In Marshal Leeds families, they're still a

1809
01:48:33,520 --> 01:48:35,880
Speaker 2: fairly gender division of labor in many cases, and it

1810
01:48:36,080 --> 01:48:37,760
Speaker 2: seemed to be that the women on the island were

1811
01:48:37,800 --> 01:48:39,560
Speaker 2: the ones who stayed to learn about the filters, so

1812
01:48:40,280 --> 01:48:42,400
Speaker 2: it was appropriate that it was women who were teaching them.

1813
01:48:45,439 --> 01:48:49,040
Speaker 2: Preservation doesn't mean there can't be change. The Marshall Islands

1814
01:48:49,080 --> 01:48:51,200
Speaker 2: have seen a huge change in the last few years,

1815
01:48:51,560 --> 01:48:53,559
Speaker 2: and much of that is down to the dedicated work

1816
01:48:53,560 --> 01:48:55,679
Speaker 2: of a large number of women who have formed community

1817
01:48:55,720 --> 01:48:58,960
Speaker 2: groups to empower each other and address social, ecological and

1818
01:48:59,000 --> 01:49:03,000
Speaker 2: public health issues that are facing their communities. The umbrella

1819
01:49:03,120 --> 01:49:05,760
Speaker 2: organization that works with these women's groups it's called with Me.

1820
01:49:06,200 --> 01:49:08,960
Speaker 2: I let Maria from Whitey explain what that means and

1821
01:49:09,040 --> 01:49:10,639
Speaker 2: why they started the group in the first place.

1822
01:49:11,479 --> 01:49:14,439
Speaker 16: First of all, welcome. As you know, with ME stands

1823
01:49:14,479 --> 01:49:18,200
Speaker 16: for women in edited together, marshal allance. It also means

1824
01:49:18,200 --> 01:49:23,320
Speaker 16: in marshalise your flower, and that's how we wanted the

1825
01:49:23,400 --> 01:49:27,840
Speaker 16: acronym to be to mean both English and marshalist. And

1826
01:49:27,960 --> 01:49:30,679
Speaker 16: as this is said, it was established in nineteen eighty

1827
01:49:30,760 --> 01:49:36,440
Speaker 16: seven to fill a gap with respect to the advancement

1828
01:49:36,479 --> 01:49:40,439
Speaker 16: of women. In nineteen seventy five there was the Decade

1829
01:49:40,479 --> 01:49:43,519
Speaker 16: for Women en Decade for Women, and there were two

1830
01:49:43,600 --> 01:49:48,160
Speaker 16: countriences that took place and there were a lot of

1831
01:49:48,640 --> 01:49:53,840
Speaker 16: issues that came about in those two meetings. They were

1832
01:49:54,320 --> 01:50:03,240
Speaker 16: dealing with domestic violence, alcohol abuse, suicide, the youth, other problems,

1833
01:50:04,120 --> 01:50:10,519
Speaker 16: child abuse and neglect. So from those women started to meet,

1834
01:50:11,520 --> 01:50:14,479
Speaker 16: at least some women started to talk about this was

1835
01:50:14,520 --> 01:50:18,759
Speaker 16: there were no representatives of women in the decision making bodies,

1836
01:50:18,800 --> 01:50:22,759
Speaker 16: whether at the local government levels or at the national level.

1837
01:50:23,360 --> 01:50:25,160
Speaker 10: So that's.

1838
01:50:27,280 --> 01:50:31,839
Speaker 16: And we got the support of our traditional women leaders.

1839
01:50:32,400 --> 01:50:35,880
Speaker 2: Woman Works alongside traditional leaders are not around them. The

1840
01:50:35,960 --> 01:50:37,680
Speaker 2: same was true of all the programs that have been

1841
01:50:37,720 --> 01:50:41,000
Speaker 2: successful on the islands. On our last day, we visited WHAM,

1842
01:50:41,360 --> 01:50:44,639
Speaker 2: the program that builds the canoes we heard about. Although

1843
01:50:44,720 --> 01:50:47,200
Speaker 2: the programs founded to preserve the cultural heritage of the

1844
01:50:47,280 --> 01:50:50,400
Speaker 2: islands and their unique seafaring technologies, some of which are

1845
01:50:50,439 --> 01:50:52,800
Speaker 2: only just being replicated in modern craft in Europe and

1846
01:50:52,840 --> 01:50:55,680
Speaker 2: the USA, it also responded to a need that the

1847
01:50:55,720 --> 01:50:58,559
Speaker 2: community had. In this case, that need was education.

1848
01:50:59,280 --> 01:51:02,240
Speaker 31: So we are training program for at risk young men

1849
01:51:02,320 --> 01:51:05,920
Speaker 31: and women of the martial arts who It started out

1850
01:51:05,960 --> 01:51:09,280
Speaker 31: as a project back in the eighties. One of our

1851
01:51:09,360 --> 01:51:13,559
Speaker 31: twenty found uh, co founder of this program.

1852
01:51:14,160 --> 01:51:14,280
Speaker 21: UH.

1853
01:51:14,520 --> 01:51:18,679
Speaker 31: The museum contracted him to go through various islands within

1854
01:51:18,760 --> 01:51:21,839
Speaker 31: the Republic, And you're talking about back in the eighties

1855
01:51:21,920 --> 01:51:26,240
Speaker 31: and we were losing our designs fasts. People were coming

1856
01:51:26,320 --> 01:51:30,200
Speaker 31: to Magro or going to the States, which is going

1857
01:51:30,280 --> 01:51:33,439
Speaker 31: off islands to the many reasons, and because of that,

1858
01:51:33,600 --> 01:51:38,720
Speaker 31: they wanted to capture that uniqueness of these design But

1859
01:51:38,880 --> 01:51:41,200
Speaker 31: when he was going through from one actual to another,

1860
01:51:41,400 --> 01:51:44,559
Speaker 31: he noticed that there were a lot of young kids

1861
01:51:44,920 --> 01:51:45,880
Speaker 31: not going to school.

1862
01:51:46,560 --> 01:51:48,160
Speaker 13: So I'm not sure if you're aware of it.

1863
01:51:48,320 --> 01:51:53,240
Speaker 31: But throughout the republic there's only about four or five

1864
01:51:54,000 --> 01:51:58,000
Speaker 31: high schools and most of them are boarding school So,

1865
01:51:58,080 --> 01:52:01,519
Speaker 31: for example, I grew up in Jeluity, and in that

1866
01:52:01,880 --> 01:52:05,439
Speaker 31: at all there's a high school, boarding high school and

1867
01:52:05,560 --> 01:52:09,000
Speaker 31: then it gators to about six or seven other app pilings.

1868
01:52:09,600 --> 01:52:12,400
Speaker 31: So parents have no choice but to send their kids.

1869
01:52:12,439 --> 01:52:15,400
Speaker 31: If they want to go beyond ad grade, you have

1870
01:52:15,680 --> 01:52:19,000
Speaker 31: to leave home and go to the boarding schools.

1871
01:52:19,240 --> 01:52:21,679
Speaker 2: In addition to offering a skill set and an education,

1872
01:52:22,120 --> 01:52:25,160
Speaker 2: the program has counselors in mental health and addiction. They

1873
01:52:25,240 --> 01:52:28,400
Speaker 2: teach young men and women maths, literacy and how to

1874
01:52:28,439 --> 01:52:31,320
Speaker 2: build the canoes, but they also empower them in creating

1875
01:52:31,360 --> 01:52:34,439
Speaker 2: the sustainable alternative transport method that will be vital in

1876
01:52:34,520 --> 01:52:38,240
Speaker 2: building a sustainable future for their home. Likewise would meet

1877
01:52:38,240 --> 01:52:39,920
Speaker 2: the approach. It's based on listening to people.

1878
01:52:40,560 --> 01:52:42,800
Speaker 32: Women chiefs you know, will let them know what we'll

1879
01:52:42,880 --> 01:52:45,800
Speaker 32: be doing and what what would they want us to do,

1880
01:52:46,400 --> 01:52:48,439
Speaker 32: and we ask them to talk with their you know,

1881
01:52:48,600 --> 01:52:51,560
Speaker 32: like because these women chiefs are owning some of the

1882
01:52:51,720 --> 01:52:55,640
Speaker 32: neighboring islands and they know their people and do need

1883
01:52:55,760 --> 01:52:58,559
Speaker 32: assessments so they can really understand what their needs are,

1884
01:52:58,680 --> 01:53:01,320
Speaker 32: because all they need greenhalents.

1885
01:53:00,720 --> 01:53:01,559
Speaker 9: Are different means.

1886
01:53:02,200 --> 01:53:04,360
Speaker 2: They make an effort to tie their efforts to traditional

1887
01:53:04,439 --> 01:53:07,960
Speaker 2: Marshalist principles and in doing so they keep their culture alive.

1888
01:53:08,520 --> 01:53:12,320
Speaker 16: So being together and getting this the other thing that

1889
01:53:12,400 --> 01:53:19,280
Speaker 16: would be done, which is connect our our being to

1890
01:53:19,439 --> 01:53:24,559
Speaker 16: our culture. Being a materlineal society, we have different sayings

1891
01:53:24,760 --> 01:53:29,040
Speaker 16: or traditional traditional roles of women. Yeah, and then we

1892
01:53:29,200 --> 01:53:34,000
Speaker 16: have the domestic balance when it's called whether in mellor

1893
01:53:34,720 --> 01:53:40,240
Speaker 16: weather meaning it's a land parcel, MA mean to be alive,

1894
01:53:40,880 --> 01:53:43,640
Speaker 16: to live and not to be killed.

1895
01:53:43,680 --> 01:53:45,879
Speaker 10: As opposed to being abused.

1896
01:53:46,360 --> 01:53:49,519
Speaker 16: So whether in is somewhere you go to and you're

1897
01:53:49,520 --> 01:53:53,200
Speaker 16: able to live freely or in being I mean you're

1898
01:53:53,240 --> 01:53:58,360
Speaker 16: well protected. So in all our conferences we we do

1899
01:53:58,640 --> 01:54:02,720
Speaker 16: use these traditional so it's something that it's not new,

1900
01:54:03,520 --> 01:54:06,439
Speaker 16: it's traditional, so they cannot say, you know, you cannot

1901
01:54:06,520 --> 01:54:09,640
Speaker 16: do that because it's a tradition, and we keep the

1902
01:54:09,880 --> 01:54:11,840
Speaker 16: culture alive through that way as well.

1903
01:54:17,120 --> 01:54:19,599
Speaker 2: Almost everyone you've heard from in this series, aside from

1904
01:54:19,640 --> 01:54:22,200
Speaker 2: the Men, is a member of Kio or Whitney or both.

1905
01:54:23,479 --> 01:54:25,840
Speaker 2: Keo is one of the chapters of Whitney and many

1906
01:54:25,880 --> 01:54:28,240
Speaker 2: of the Keo leaders as the daughters of Whitman's leadership.

1907
01:54:28,960 --> 01:54:32,640
Speaker 2: Whitney have implemented parent as teacher, early childhood education programs,

1908
01:54:33,000 --> 01:54:36,680
Speaker 2: domestic violence prevention programs, and many other social, economic and

1909
01:54:36,720 --> 01:54:40,680
Speaker 2: political programs across the islands. The results are easy to see.

1910
01:54:41,360 --> 01:54:44,680
Speaker 2: All over the Marshall Islands, government officers and NGOs are

1911
01:54:44,720 --> 01:54:47,800
Speaker 2: run by women. Now, the Marshall Islands had the first

1912
01:54:47,840 --> 01:54:50,600
Speaker 2: woman president in the whole Pacific, and she was elected

1913
01:54:50,600 --> 01:54:54,120
Speaker 2: in January twenty sixteen, a year when rampant misogyny was

1914
01:54:54,200 --> 01:54:57,080
Speaker 2: more evident than ever in the United States presidential election.

1915
01:54:57,680 --> 01:55:00,560
Speaker 2: Of course, many marshal Lea's women go to the United

1916
01:55:00,600 --> 01:55:02,720
Speaker 2: States and what these members are no exception.

1917
01:55:03,080 --> 01:55:05,440
Speaker 16: One of the major challenges has been to make sure

1918
01:55:05,520 --> 01:55:13,040
Speaker 16: that that we keep the organization intact because it's especially

1919
01:55:13,880 --> 01:55:17,320
Speaker 16: at present time because there's a lot about migration that

1920
01:55:17,480 --> 01:55:20,240
Speaker 16: we have to constantly work, especially with women in the

1921
01:55:20,520 --> 01:55:24,640
Speaker 16: islands where they're they come and then they'll stay long

1922
01:55:24,680 --> 01:55:28,920
Speaker 16: in the urban areas, they just migrate out. So now

1923
01:55:29,000 --> 01:55:31,320
Speaker 16: there are so many of them that they're trying to

1924
01:55:31,480 --> 01:55:34,880
Speaker 16: form women's groups in the in the United States as well,

1925
01:55:37,280 --> 01:55:42,280
Speaker 16: so they come and visit us and we communicate with

1926
01:55:42,400 --> 01:55:49,000
Speaker 16: them occasionally share in sharing information or other issues because

1927
01:55:49,160 --> 01:55:52,200
Speaker 16: what issues they experience here, they also experience in the

1928
01:55:52,360 --> 01:55:55,920
Speaker 16: United States, and so they need to be aware of

1929
01:55:56,080 --> 01:55:57,760
Speaker 16: how we're trying to deal with those.

1930
01:55:58,600 --> 01:56:00,840
Speaker 2: But many women also go to the US for their

1931
01:56:00,960 --> 01:56:03,600
Speaker 2: education and then return to be part of their community

1932
01:56:03,680 --> 01:56:07,839
Speaker 2: and help lift their community up. Now, thanks to whipm's

1933
01:56:07,880 --> 01:56:11,240
Speaker 2: hard work and the government's efforts, women don't have to

1934
01:56:11,320 --> 01:56:14,120
Speaker 2: leave to get these skills. The Energy Department has trained

1935
01:56:14,160 --> 01:56:16,440
Speaker 2: women on outer islands, for example, to fix their own

1936
01:56:16,480 --> 01:56:17,040
Speaker 2: power grades.

1937
01:56:17,840 --> 01:56:19,640
Speaker 12: Yeah, so we're kind of all over the place.

1938
01:56:19,760 --> 01:56:21,200
Speaker 2: At one time we went and.

1939
01:56:23,160 --> 01:56:31,760
Speaker 12: Actually uh train a community of all women, like we

1940
01:56:31,920 --> 01:56:35,400
Speaker 12: had to include men to allow women to be part

1941
01:56:35,440 --> 01:56:39,400
Speaker 12: of the training. And we have nine women that graduated

1942
01:56:40,400 --> 01:56:45,920
Speaker 12: certified trainers and we awarded them with tools and everything

1943
01:56:46,080 --> 01:56:52,040
Speaker 12: so when there's a power outages and their solar home

1944
01:56:52,120 --> 01:56:56,080
Speaker 12: systems and they can address it. And Grace who's in

1945
01:56:56,160 --> 01:56:59,560
Speaker 12: the middle, that that's the island where she's from where

1946
01:56:59,640 --> 01:57:02,400
Speaker 12: we train the woman to become trainers. And it's our

1947
01:57:02,560 --> 01:57:06,440
Speaker 12: first ever. So when we found that it was successful,

1948
01:57:06,520 --> 01:57:09,080
Speaker 12: we try to extend it out to the other islands.

1949
01:57:10,000 --> 01:57:12,360
Speaker 12: So I think that's one of the reasons why it's

1950
01:57:12,440 --> 01:57:15,720
Speaker 12: difficult for countries such as US where we've been colonized

1951
01:57:15,800 --> 01:57:20,360
Speaker 12: and trying to find a balance between a modern day

1952
01:57:20,440 --> 01:57:25,840
Speaker 12: government form of democracy where you're taught that individualism is

1953
01:57:25,920 --> 01:57:29,520
Speaker 12: important and your rights are important, and then you have

1954
01:57:29,600 --> 01:57:34,000
Speaker 12: your traditional structure when where you when you're grow up,

1955
01:57:34,240 --> 01:57:39,720
Speaker 12: you're taught that it's a collective society. You your piety

1956
01:57:39,880 --> 01:57:45,840
Speaker 12: is important, respecting it's your thoughts are not worth it,

1957
01:57:46,640 --> 01:57:50,080
Speaker 12: your elders and your you know, your chiefs in so

1958
01:57:50,320 --> 01:57:52,280
Speaker 12: I think that's where we have to find the balance.

1959
01:57:53,600 --> 01:57:55,840
Speaker 2: This comment that Angeline made in our chat after her

1960
01:57:55,920 --> 01:57:59,320
Speaker 2: excellent presentation on energy sovereignty really got me thinking about

1961
01:57:59,320 --> 01:58:03,120
Speaker 2: the post colony future of the Marshall Islands. Today, they're

1962
01:58:03,160 --> 01:58:05,960
Speaker 2: empowered as an independent nation, but they still have to

1963
01:58:06,040 --> 01:58:09,440
Speaker 2: exist within a framework where corporations and more powerful governments

1964
01:58:09,560 --> 01:58:11,839
Speaker 2: don't have to pay for the consequences of their actions.

1965
01:58:12,600 --> 01:58:15,040
Speaker 2: In twenty twenty two, the US unsealed indictment of a

1966
01:58:15,120 --> 01:58:18,360
Speaker 2: Chinese couple who bribe five Marshalise members of parliament and

1967
01:58:18,440 --> 01:58:20,720
Speaker 2: attempted to bribe a six in order to help them

1968
01:58:20,760 --> 01:58:23,200
Speaker 2: carve out a kind of mini state, a so called

1969
01:58:23,240 --> 01:58:27,640
Speaker 2: special economic zone as a tax haven or Wrongolappatol. This

1970
01:58:27,800 --> 01:58:29,920
Speaker 2: is one of the places heavily impacted by the nuclear

1971
01:58:29,960 --> 01:58:34,360
Speaker 2: testing we spoke about earlier. Hildehein, among others, opposed this.

1972
01:58:35,080 --> 01:58:38,760
Speaker 2: She said economic development is and should be encouraged, but

1973
01:58:38,920 --> 01:58:41,280
Speaker 2: not at the expense of money laundering and other similarly

1974
01:58:41,360 --> 01:58:43,920
Speaker 2: ill activities that are usually a part of money laundering.

1975
01:58:44,520 --> 01:58:48,400
Speaker 2: As was obvious in the wrongol Appatol Special Administrative Region legislation,

1976
01:58:49,360 --> 01:58:52,000
Speaker 2: the people of wrong alapp deserved better standards of living

1977
01:58:52,280 --> 01:58:57,560
Speaker 2: and economic development. Well, there's no evidence of CCP involvement

1978
01:58:57,640 --> 01:58:59,680
Speaker 2: in the scheme. It came as part of a larger

1979
01:58:59,720 --> 01:59:03,160
Speaker 2: panic about Beijing's influence in the region. Twenty twenty two,

1980
01:59:03,240 --> 01:59:05,680
Speaker 2: the Solomon Islands signed a pact with China to help

1981
01:59:05,720 --> 01:59:09,360
Speaker 2: improve their internal security, and China has already provided the

1982
01:59:09,400 --> 01:59:12,440
Speaker 2: Solomons with police training and donated replica guns and riot

1983
01:59:12,480 --> 01:59:16,760
Speaker 2: control equipment such as water canon vehicles. The Solomon Islands

1984
01:59:16,840 --> 01:59:19,320
Speaker 2: are still covered in bombs from the US and Japan's

1985
01:59:19,360 --> 01:59:22,600
Speaker 2: fighting in the Pacific, but instead of helping dispose of these,

1986
01:59:23,080 --> 01:59:25,880
Speaker 2: this form of investment is sending more weapons to the government,

1987
01:59:26,040 --> 01:59:29,280
Speaker 2: not help to the people there. According to a recent

1988
01:59:29,360 --> 01:59:32,760
Speaker 2: published study in the journal Science, the world's corporations produce

1989
01:59:32,840 --> 01:59:35,400
Speaker 2: so much climate change causing pollution that it would eat

1990
01:59:35,480 --> 01:59:37,480
Speaker 2: up forty four percent of their profits if they had

1991
01:59:37,520 --> 01:59:40,800
Speaker 2: to pay damages for the impact of their activity. Your

1992
01:59:40,880 --> 01:59:43,640
Speaker 2: reusable straw might help, and it's good that you're using it.

1993
01:59:44,040 --> 01:59:48,240
Speaker 2: But until the world and giant corporations especially listen to

1994
01:59:48,360 --> 01:59:52,720
Speaker 2: the voices of people impacted by our choices, things won't change.

1995
01:59:54,080 --> 01:59:55,680
Speaker 2: I want to end by talking about the future of

1996
01:59:55,720 --> 01:59:58,760
Speaker 2: the Marshall Islands and how Marshallese people are determining that

1997
02:00:00,000 --> 02:00:01,480
Speaker 2: in the last century they've been let down by the

1998
02:00:01,560 --> 02:00:04,320
Speaker 2: League of Nations who reallocated the islands to the Japanese

1999
02:00:04,400 --> 02:00:07,400
Speaker 2: under Southeast Mandate, then let down by the US and

2000
02:00:07,440 --> 02:00:10,240
Speaker 2: the UN after the war, and they're still being let

2001
02:00:10,320 --> 02:00:13,720
Speaker 2: down by international institutions today when their demands for climate

2002
02:00:13,840 --> 02:00:17,640
Speaker 2: fairless are ignored. But this doesn't mean they can't benefit

2003
02:00:17,680 --> 02:00:22,160
Speaker 2: from international solidarity. It was American made water filters and

2004
02:00:22,240 --> 02:00:25,360
Speaker 2: a significant donation from a company better known for hiking

2005
02:00:25,920 --> 02:00:28,320
Speaker 2: that helped every single person in the Marshall Island to

2006
02:00:28,360 --> 02:00:32,200
Speaker 2: get clean water. It was Greenpeace who relocated people when

2007
02:00:32,240 --> 02:00:35,360
Speaker 2: the US government wouldn't, and it was Marshally's women who

2008
02:00:35,440 --> 02:00:38,400
Speaker 2: took week long norse or inducing boat rides across dangerous

2009
02:00:38,400 --> 02:00:41,520
Speaker 2: seas to distribute those water filters that save lives in

2010
02:00:41,600 --> 02:00:45,240
Speaker 2: places where there's less access to care. With access to

2011
02:00:45,280 --> 02:00:49,000
Speaker 2: the right resources and international solidarity and goodwill, the possibilities

2012
02:00:49,040 --> 02:00:52,520
Speaker 2: for the Marshall Islands seem endless. They've endured World War,

2013
02:00:53,160 --> 02:00:56,440
Speaker 2: survived the dropping of the atom bond, and they're adapting

2014
02:00:56,480 --> 02:00:59,240
Speaker 2: to climate change by centering community and their obligations to

2015
02:00:59,320 --> 02:01:01,960
Speaker 2: each other rather than trying to each take what they

2016
02:01:02,040 --> 02:01:05,640
Speaker 2: can and get out. With access to clean water and

2017
02:01:05,760 --> 02:01:08,600
Speaker 2: homes free of smoke, their children will be healthier, and

2018
02:01:08,680 --> 02:01:10,480
Speaker 2: every child I met on the island seem to have

2019
02:01:10,560 --> 02:01:13,240
Speaker 2: bright hopes for the future. I met one kid who

2020
02:01:13,280 --> 02:01:16,440
Speaker 2: wanted to be a basketball player and another who aspired

2021
02:01:16,480 --> 02:01:19,640
Speaker 2: to apparently be as tall as I am. People in

2022
02:01:19,680 --> 02:01:22,440
Speaker 2: the Islands don't focus on their past, but on their future,

2023
02:01:22,640 --> 02:01:24,800
Speaker 2: and with a little solidarity and decency from the rest

2024
02:01:24,840 --> 02:01:27,600
Speaker 2: of the world, they have a very bright one. I

2025
02:01:27,680 --> 02:01:29,880
Speaker 2: wonder finish this series with the explanation we got from

2026
02:01:29,920 --> 02:01:32,360
Speaker 2: Whitney of the Marshally's flag. It's a great flag, by

2027
02:01:32,400 --> 02:01:33,680
Speaker 2: the way, and you should look it up if you

2028
02:01:33,760 --> 02:01:36,240
Speaker 2: haven't seen it. It's one of the most common flags

2029
02:01:36,280 --> 02:01:39,480
Speaker 2: of convenience for merchant vessels all over the world. I've

2030
02:01:39,520 --> 02:01:42,640
Speaker 2: seen it in several continents, but never really knew what

2031
02:01:42,800 --> 02:01:45,680
Speaker 2: it meant. At least for now, it seems to mean

2032
02:01:45,760 --> 02:01:48,240
Speaker 2: that these tirely islands, which have been through so much,

2033
02:01:48,880 --> 02:01:50,440
Speaker 2: still have great hopes for the future.

2034
02:01:50,880 --> 02:01:55,960
Speaker 16: The Marshalis flair there's two the orange other white light,

2035
02:01:57,160 --> 02:02:01,160
Speaker 16: and they represent that the relic chain and the rather chain,

2036
02:02:01,280 --> 02:02:04,720
Speaker 16: the sunrise chain of island and the sunset chain of

2037
02:02:04,800 --> 02:02:08,680
Speaker 16: violent which form the martial alum. So those two lines.

2038
02:02:09,160 --> 02:02:14,240
Speaker 16: But those lines, there's one orange and one whit. Orange

2039
02:02:14,360 --> 02:02:20,720
Speaker 16: is for courage to start, it's called Kio, and the

2040
02:02:20,880 --> 02:02:26,880
Speaker 16: white is for peace. But these lines are not parallel.

2041
02:02:27,600 --> 02:02:32,120
Speaker 16: I mean they become larger as they move up, and

2042
02:02:32,200 --> 02:02:35,760
Speaker 16: they don't start from the corner. They start from a

2043
02:02:35,800 --> 02:02:40,280
Speaker 16: little bit over the corner of the flag, meaning that

2044
02:02:40,600 --> 02:02:43,640
Speaker 16: we have a past. We didn't start from the beginning

2045
02:02:43,680 --> 02:02:46,480
Speaker 16: when we started this milk government in nineteen seventy nine.

2046
02:02:47,400 --> 02:02:49,800
Speaker 16: And then it moves out. It doesn't go all the

2047
02:02:49,880 --> 02:02:53,560
Speaker 16: way to the corner at the top. Because we're always growing.

2048
02:02:53,680 --> 02:02:56,040
Speaker 16: There's so you know, we're always growing.

2049
02:02:56,120 --> 02:02:56,840
Speaker 13: We need to grow.

2050
02:02:56,920 --> 02:02:58,000
Speaker 16: It's very important.

2051
02:03:25,080 --> 02:03:28,200
Speaker 1: Hey, we'll be back Monday with more episodes every week

2052
02:03:28,320 --> 02:03:30,200
Speaker 1: from now until the heat death of the Universe.

2053
02:03:30,800 --> 02:03:33,160
Speaker 2: It Could Happen here as a production of cool Zone Media.

2054
02:03:33,400 --> 02:03:36,040
Speaker 2: For more podcasts from cool Zone Media, visit our website

2055
02:03:36,120 --> 02:03:38,280
Speaker 2: cool zonemedia dot com, or check us out on the

2056
02:03:38,360 --> 02:03:41,720
Speaker 2: iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts.

2057
02:03:42,160 --> 02:03:44,280
Speaker 27: You can find sources for It Could Happen Here, updated

2058
02:03:44,360 --> 02:03:47,360
Speaker 27: monthly at cool zonemedia dot com slash sources.

2059
02:03:47,600 --> 02:03:48,400
Speaker 4: Thanks for listening.