WEBVTT - Part Two: How The Dulles Brothers Created The CIA And Destroyed Everything Else

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<v Speaker 1>M hm. Hitler is a guy we're gonna be talking

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<v Speaker 1>about a lot today because we're talking about The Dullest

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<v Speaker 1>Brothers Part two, and we'll be covering their time in

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<v Speaker 1>the war, which involves a lot of Nazis. I'm Robert Evans.

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<v Speaker 1>This is you know, Behind the Bastards. You should know

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<v Speaker 1>that this is the second episode we're doing on this series.

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<v Speaker 1>And my guest is again Jason Targeant. Jason, how are

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<v Speaker 1>you doing? Do some people start with part two of

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<v Speaker 1>a series like this? Do we have to catch them?

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<v Speaker 1>Catch them up with if they are Jason, their maniacs,

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<v Speaker 1>and I feel no need to pay ander to them.

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<v Speaker 1>There's a question I did want to ask though, because

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<v Speaker 1>when you left off the two Dullest Brothers, and again

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<v Speaker 1>just because it's been a week or whatever, You've got

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<v Speaker 1>the elder brother, Foster Dulles, who is not yet going

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<v Speaker 1>he's going to be Secretary of State later. You've got

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<v Speaker 1>the younger alan Um who was later going to take

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<v Speaker 1>over the CIA. Right now, they're not doing that. Right now,

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<v Speaker 1>they are helping to basically negotiate the post war post

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<v Speaker 1>World War one piece with Germany correct and the terms

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<v Speaker 1>of that that will wind up the terms of the

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<v Speaker 1>piece of World War One set the stage for everything

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<v Speaker 1>that comes after, right up until today. Yes, So how

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<v Speaker 1>old are these brothers when that is occurring, Because they're

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<v Speaker 1>not They're not very old. No, I mean like twenty,

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<v Speaker 1>like like Allen. Well, yeah, in there, in there there.

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<v Speaker 1>So Foster is older. Foster starts um college. Well, no,

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<v Speaker 1>he starts high school in nineteen o four, so he's

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<v Speaker 1>graduated by nineteen o eight. World War One starts when

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<v Speaker 1>he's in his early twenties. He's in his late twenties,

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<v Speaker 1>and Alan is in his early twenties. I think. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>so when you think about your early twenties, would you

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<v Speaker 1>have felt confident in your ability to redraw the map

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<v Speaker 1>of post war Europe? Done a pretty good job? I

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<v Speaker 1>think I could have, you know, because the the only

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<v Speaker 1>people who have their ship together, uh, in all of

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<v Speaker 1>Europe um in my opinion, my opinion Jason um is

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<v Speaker 1>probably gonna be I don't know, uh, fucking Bosnia and

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<v Speaker 1>I thing's ever gotten wrong there. Let's give it all

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<v Speaker 1>to Bosnia. Let them figure it out. I think that's

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<v Speaker 1>how I do it. You've got Greater Bosnia and then

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<v Speaker 1>you got Russia. There could be an entire There have

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<v Speaker 1>been entire, unsure, horrifying books written about the way that

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<v Speaker 1>the map when after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire

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<v Speaker 1>and everything else, like everything that's happening all the way

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<v Speaker 1>through al Qaeda and ISIS, and everything comes down to

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<v Speaker 1>in many ways, how those borders were drawn by people

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<v Speaker 1>who in many cases had never even visited the places

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<v Speaker 1>they were. And one of the most telling things in

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<v Speaker 1>the world if you want to know understand a lot

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<v Speaker 1>of why people in a lot of parts of the

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<v Speaker 1>Middle East field the way they do and why things

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<v Speaker 1>have gone the way they do, is the vast majority

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<v Speaker 1>of people in the United States and England and France

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<v Speaker 1>have never heard of the Psykes Pico Treaty. Every fucking

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<v Speaker 1>kid in Iraq, in Syria knows what Psykes Pico was. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>because it created their fucking world. Um, And it was

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<v Speaker 1>a treaty that you know, Sykes and Picco. I think

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<v Speaker 1>we're British and French guys, but um, it's um yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>this is this is the period that period. Well that's happening.

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<v Speaker 1>And I will say, you know, in fairness, redrawing the

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<v Speaker 1>boundaries of Europe as a result of this conflict. What

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<v Speaker 1>they're doing is not the same as what's being done

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<v Speaker 1>to the Ottoman Empire, because that's much more violent and horrible.

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<v Speaker 1>What like they had, they understand Europe a lot better. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>they're often negotiating with the people who are running these

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<v Speaker 1>countries because like they you know, they for one thing,

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<v Speaker 1>think that Europeans get to have more input into what

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<v Speaker 1>happens with their nations than than the people of the

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<v Speaker 1>Ottoman former Ottoman territories. Yeah, it's just it's a very

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<v Speaker 1>consequential period of world history. The same after World War One,

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<v Speaker 1>the whole world order kind of gets reshuffled, and I

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<v Speaker 1>think one of which of the Dullest brothers was dealing

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<v Speaker 1>with Germany's repayment of their foster foster. Like how that

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<v Speaker 1>comes down, that's gonna sow the seeds of everything, everything

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<v Speaker 1>that happens up until today. Like it's it's hard to

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<v Speaker 1>overstate how the mistakes are made at the time, and

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<v Speaker 1>maybe things couldn't have been anticipated. I don't know, that's

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<v Speaker 1>a whole separate deal. It's hard to overstate how important

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<v Speaker 1>what their work was here up through until the time.

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<v Speaker 1>Both of these men die. Because it is a personal

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<v Speaker 1>beef of mind that when we talk about politics in

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<v Speaker 1>America today, when we look for a historical example, we

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<v Speaker 1>have like two, everyone is either Hitler or uh now,

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know if it's everything is either four or Hitler,

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<v Speaker 1>it's yeah. And I wish I wish you could insult

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<v Speaker 1>the president by saying he's like Woodrow Wilson. And I

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<v Speaker 1>wish you could insult an administration's foreign policy by saying

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<v Speaker 1>it's like it's like the Dulles are in charge. To

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<v Speaker 1>the average person today, like arguing on the internet those names,

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<v Speaker 1>I guarantee you don't mean anything. They don't. And it's

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<v Speaker 1>one of the things that's fascinating about this that you're

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<v Speaker 1>kind of touching on is that when the most consequenceial

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<v Speaker 1>decisions in modern history are being made, a number of

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<v Speaker 1>people at the table are just some dudes, grandkids, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>like the dullest brothers are not the only people who

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<v Speaker 1>get in this position, including like the crowned heads of Europe.

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<v Speaker 1>You could argue, but like, how much a factor this

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<v Speaker 1>is that the people making these calls are all buddies

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<v Speaker 1>and relatives of each other in a lot of ways.

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<v Speaker 1>It's different because in America we're not supposed to have

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<v Speaker 1>royalty and and so. But when you but when you

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<v Speaker 1>look and he said, well, gosh, how are these two

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<v Speaker 1>guys fresh out of college or fresh out of the

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<v Speaker 1>first jobs? Like sitting at the table help redraw what

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<v Speaker 1>the future looks like. And it's like, oh, well, they

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<v Speaker 1>were having dinner with foreign leaders when they were in kindergarten. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>It's there are classes of people who when you're growing up,

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<v Speaker 1>you have the option of saying, well, do you want

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<v Speaker 1>to go into your father's business to be a minister?

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<v Speaker 1>Do you want to be secretaries? Stay like your grandfather,

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<v Speaker 1>And that's one of the options. Uh. And you're just

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<v Speaker 1>traveling in a circle of people and you have as

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<v Speaker 1>you mentioned the previous episode, like their jobs they were

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<v Speaker 1>getting at the time didn't pay much at all, totally

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<v Speaker 1>irrelevant to this class of people. That's not what it's about.

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<v Speaker 1>Like they are destined to be names and history books

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<v Speaker 1>and so they have the money if they want to

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<v Speaker 1>spend a year in India or do whatever they did

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<v Speaker 1>to see these parts of the world and all these

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<v Speaker 1>things would influence how they see the world. They have

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<v Speaker 1>the ability to do that. You you didn't, you could

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<v Speaker 1>not have have taken off and just you know, traveled

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<v Speaker 1>around and all of this and failed your way upward

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<v Speaker 1>the way Allen did. Yeah. Um, Now, Jason, as we

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<v Speaker 1>get into this because we into the last episode, noting

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<v Speaker 1>that this is the period the world, the end of

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<v Speaker 1>World War One in which communism really gets fixed on

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<v Speaker 1>the dullest boys radar right. And of course it would

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<v Speaker 1>like it wasn't really a massive topic of discussion until

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<v Speaker 1>the Russian Revolution that really made it something that a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of American conservatives were obsessed about. Um because they see,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, you see, like the business leaders in the

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<v Speaker 1>crowned heads of of Russia get murdered and have their

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<v Speaker 1>stuff taken, and it it scares a lot of people.

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<v Speaker 1>But it is worth noting as we start this episode

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<v Speaker 1>that the hardline anti communist attitudes that were adopted by

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<v Speaker 1>Foster and alan a List immediately after the Russian Revolution

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<v Speaker 1>were not necessarily the default even among conservatives. Herbert Fucking

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<v Speaker 1>Hoover is one of the most conservative presidents in US history,

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<v Speaker 1>and during this period of time he urged Woodrow Wilson

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<v Speaker 1>to reevaluate the Bolshevik movement and acknowledge that it had

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<v Speaker 1>quote true social ends and roots in quote grievous injustices

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<v Speaker 1>to the lowest classes in all the countries that have

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<v Speaker 1>been affected. Hoover warned that in the United States, the

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<v Speaker 1>advancement of communist causes was directly the fault of American reactionaries,

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<v Speaker 1>who had stimulated Bolshevism by viciously attacking social welfare programs. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>if you know what anythan about Hoover, it's wild that

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<v Speaker 1>he's the one saying this, but he is. History has

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<v Speaker 1>gotten rewritten. Yeah, in terms of looking backward about and

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<v Speaker 1>and and then in the same way where it's like, well,

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<v Speaker 1>we always hated the Nazis, so like, well, yeah, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>we're about to talk about that a lot, Jason, No,

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<v Speaker 1>uh yeah. So the idea that the communism is like

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<v Speaker 1>always antithnical to everything America. It's godless and it's there's

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<v Speaker 1>no freedom, and it's like, well, like Herbert Hoover was saying,

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<v Speaker 1>these guys have a point because what it replaced was

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<v Speaker 1>not American style. We have this thing where it's like

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<v Speaker 1>the whole world is either America or it's communist. It's like,

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<v Speaker 1>but I mean, to his credit, he is very astute.

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<v Speaker 1>Lee noting that one of the thing reasons these causes

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<v Speaker 1>are being advanced in the United States is because reactionaries

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<v Speaker 1>are refusing any kind of meaningful social welfare. Um, so

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<v Speaker 1>he's not entirely like that is a That is a

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<v Speaker 1>pretty astute observation. I would say it is a level

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<v Speaker 1>of nuance on the subject that America would have would

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<v Speaker 1>be in no mood for a few decades later. And

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<v Speaker 1>again from one of one of the worst presidents in

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<v Speaker 1>American history. The guy who who just kind of steers

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<v Speaker 1>us right into the Great Depression is staying this amazing.

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<v Speaker 1>Herbert so Woodrow Wilson and the Dullest Brothers did not

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<v Speaker 1>listen to Herbert Hoover. Between nineteen nineteen and nineteen twenty,

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<v Speaker 1>President Wilson deployed the U. S. Army to suppress labor

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<v Speaker 1>or racial unrest twenty five times. That's the Army, not

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<v Speaker 1>the National Guard. We don't talk about that a lot either.

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<v Speaker 1>The Dullest Brothers enthusiastically supported this. After the war, Allen

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<v Speaker 1>continued his diplomatic career for a while, but eventually left

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<v Speaker 1>to join his brother at Sullivan and Cromwell. Now by

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<v Speaker 1>that point, Foster Dullas had been made a full partner

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<v Speaker 1>in the firm, which was more powerful than ever. As

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<v Speaker 1>the United States grew through the nineteen twenties to become

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<v Speaker 1>the West's pre minute power, Sullivan and Cromwell continued to

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<v Speaker 1>do the work of weaving their corporate clients into the

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<v Speaker 1>very fabric of American governance. In the US, Foster Dullas

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<v Speaker 1>presided over the merger of a group of oil drillers

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<v Speaker 1>and refiners into a Moco. He worked with mining corporations

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<v Speaker 1>in Chile and Peru, sugar plantations in Cuba, banks in France.

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<v Speaker 1>He specialized in helping US utility companies take control of

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<v Speaker 1>utilities and foreign nations, generally by bribing their governments. Alan's

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<v Speaker 1>first post World War One posting was to the U.

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<v Speaker 1>S Embassy in Turkey. Now again, he is technically a

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<v Speaker 1>diplomat at this point, but his real job in all

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<v Speaker 1>these postings is to gather intelligence. He's a spy, but

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<v Speaker 1>at this point, again not a very good one, because

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<v Speaker 1>as soon as Alan sets up shop in Turkey, he

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<v Speaker 1>falls for the most obvious forgery of all time, the

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<v Speaker 1>Protocols of the Elders. Yes, grats that one off your

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<v Speaker 1>Bengo card, and then really evaluate reevaluate your life. If

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<v Speaker 1>you have a bingo card with the Protocols of the

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<v Speaker 1>Elders of Zion on it, that's maybe think about. If

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<v Speaker 1>you're a podcast listener, I'm sorry, you can't go very

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<v Speaker 1>many podcast episodes without running into it, either in a

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<v Speaker 1>good way or a very bad way. So I'm gonna

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<v Speaker 1>quote from The Devil's Chessboard by David Talbot here. One day,

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<v Speaker 1>the young American diplomat was given a copy of the

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<v Speaker 1>Protocols of the Elders of Zion by a British reporter

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<v Speaker 1>who had fished the scillious document out of a second

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<v Speaker 1>hand bookstore in Istanbul's Old European Quarter. The Protocols purported

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<v Speaker 1>to offer a secret plan for Jewish world domination and

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<v Speaker 1>included tales about Christian children being sacrificed for Passover feast

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<v Speaker 1>rituals and other lurid fantasies. By the time Dullus got

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<v Speaker 1>his hands on the book, which was the creation of

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<v Speaker 1>the Russian Czars anti Semitic secret police, the document had

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<v Speaker 1>been widely denounced and discredited, but Dullus took it seriously

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<v Speaker 1>enough to send a coded report about the secret Jewish

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<v Speaker 1>plot back to his superiors in Washington, so he he

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<v Speaker 1>sends this back to the State Department, like you guys

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<v Speaker 1>got to hear about this? Uh incredible spy. The authors

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<v Speaker 1>of who named that? How upset were they when they

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<v Speaker 1>later heard the much more badass title The Devil's Chessboard,

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<v Speaker 1>So much better of a should have called our thing

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<v Speaker 1>the Devil's Chessboard the Devil's Chessboard. It is a pretty

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<v Speaker 1>good book. It's actually the guy who founded Salon, which

0:13:01.760 --> 0:13:04.600
<v Speaker 1>is not a website. I like a lot, But Alan

0:13:04.679 --> 0:13:07.760
<v Speaker 1>Dullas got married in nineteen twenty to a woman named Clover,

0:13:07.840 --> 0:13:12.120
<v Speaker 1>who he almost immediately cheated on. It was a miserable relationship,

0:13:12.160 --> 0:13:14.200
<v Speaker 1>but they would stay together the rest of their lives.

0:13:14.400 --> 0:13:17.600
<v Speaker 1>Clover was prone to depression, while Alan barely paid attention

0:13:17.600 --> 0:13:21.240
<v Speaker 1>to her and slept around constantly. His sister Eleanor estimated

0:13:21.240 --> 0:13:23.760
<v Speaker 1>that he had more than a hundred mistresses, to the

0:13:23.840 --> 0:13:27.280
<v Speaker 1>extent that Ellen Dulas was capable of feeling bad about anything.

0:13:27.559 --> 0:13:30.199
<v Speaker 1>He seems to have felt kind of bad about this.

0:13:30.640 --> 0:13:32.960
<v Speaker 1>At one point he wrote to his wife and advised

0:13:32.960 --> 0:13:35.040
<v Speaker 1>her to ask her friends for advice on how to

0:13:35.160 --> 0:13:38.600
<v Speaker 1>quote live with a queer duck like me. He later

0:13:38.640 --> 0:13:41.320
<v Speaker 1>confessed in a letter, I don't feel I deserve as

0:13:41.320 --> 0:13:43.200
<v Speaker 1>good a wife as I have, as I am rather

0:13:43.280 --> 0:13:46.440
<v Speaker 1>too fond of the company of other ladies. So there's

0:13:46.280 --> 0:13:49.240
<v Speaker 1>a there's a degree of self awareness that he has

0:13:49.559 --> 0:13:52.440
<v Speaker 1>because he's he's she is miserable, like on the verge

0:13:52.520 --> 0:13:56.800
<v Speaker 1>sometimes of suicide, because he's he's just constantly sleeping with her,

0:13:56.800 --> 0:13:58.560
<v Speaker 1>and like he'll tell her about it, like he's not

0:13:58.600 --> 0:14:01.439
<v Speaker 1>even trying to hide it. Like he'll like brag about

0:14:01.559 --> 0:14:05.920
<v Speaker 1>his new mistresses to like their kids. Like it's he's

0:14:06.160 --> 0:14:10.400
<v Speaker 1>a weird dude, A weird dude who, like most narcissists,

0:14:10.400 --> 0:14:13.840
<v Speaker 1>I assume, could turn on the charm when he wanted

0:14:13.880 --> 0:14:17.360
<v Speaker 1>to and probably worked like a magic spell. Like that

0:14:17.520 --> 0:14:20.280
<v Speaker 1>is the worst type of person to be in a

0:14:20.320 --> 0:14:22.680
<v Speaker 1>relationship with when they can turn that on and then

0:14:22.720 --> 0:14:27.360
<v Speaker 1>just turn it off instantly. Now, one of the chief

0:14:27.400 --> 0:14:29.840
<v Speaker 1>problems in their union, as you were kind of getting

0:14:29.880 --> 0:14:33.280
<v Speaker 1>at Jason, was Alan's temper. He was prone to angry

0:14:33.360 --> 0:14:35.840
<v Speaker 1>rants that would provoke his wife to curl up into

0:14:35.880 --> 0:14:39.000
<v Speaker 1>a fetal position. When he finally stopped, she'd leave the

0:14:39.040 --> 0:14:42.720
<v Speaker 1>house and wander for hours. They were miserable together, so

0:14:42.800 --> 0:14:45.000
<v Speaker 1>perhaps it's for the best that Alan spent most of

0:14:45.040 --> 0:14:48.840
<v Speaker 1>his time traveling around the world ignoring her. Clover tried

0:14:48.880 --> 0:14:51.200
<v Speaker 1>to make the best of a bad situation by focusing

0:14:51.200 --> 0:14:53.960
<v Speaker 1>on her son and two daughters. While her husband was

0:14:54.000 --> 0:14:57.080
<v Speaker 1>an arch conservative, she became obsessed with penal reform and

0:14:57.120 --> 0:15:00.160
<v Speaker 1>spent a great deal of time visiting prisoners. She was

0:15:00.240 --> 0:15:03.320
<v Speaker 1>known to regularly stop for long conversations with homeless people

0:15:03.360 --> 0:15:06.400
<v Speaker 1>and impoverished men and women. In breadlines and letters to

0:15:06.440 --> 0:15:09.280
<v Speaker 1>her family, she wrote that she felt guilty for her wealth.

0:15:09.720 --> 0:15:12.440
<v Speaker 1>Alan felt no such guilt. He was known to not

0:15:12.560 --> 0:15:15.280
<v Speaker 1>even pick up napkins he dropped at dinner, leaving that

0:15:15.360 --> 0:15:19.240
<v Speaker 1>for his servants. So they're very different people. In nineteen

0:15:19.280 --> 0:15:21.920
<v Speaker 1>thirty one, Alan started an affair with a blonde Russian

0:15:21.920 --> 0:15:25.120
<v Speaker 1>immigrant whose husband was chronically ill. He did not try

0:15:25.120 --> 0:15:27.800
<v Speaker 1>to hide his relationship from his wife, and in fact

0:15:27.840 --> 0:15:31.080
<v Speaker 1>bragged to her and to his children about the relationship.

0:15:31.480 --> 0:15:34.360
<v Speaker 1>One of his biographers later wrote, sex, it appears was

0:15:34.400 --> 0:15:37.320
<v Speaker 1>to Alan dillis a form of physical therapy, something one

0:15:37.360 --> 0:15:41.000
<v Speaker 1>did to keep himself fit for more important things. Clover's

0:15:41.000 --> 0:15:44.200
<v Speaker 1>insistence on staying home with the children and her increasing

0:15:44.240 --> 0:15:47.000
<v Speaker 1>preoccupation with prisoners rights were treated by him as a

0:15:47.040 --> 0:15:50.480
<v Speaker 1>betrayal of her obligation to be his good and faithful companion.

0:15:50.960 --> 0:15:53.520
<v Speaker 1>If Clover would not travel when Alan asked, then he

0:15:53.520 --> 0:15:55.640
<v Speaker 1>could not really be blamed if he diverted himself with

0:15:55.680 --> 0:15:59.200
<v Speaker 1>other women, always of his own class and station. So

0:16:00.000 --> 0:16:02.520
<v Speaker 1>pretty cool, dude, I guess that's what I'm getting at, Jason. Yeah,

0:16:02.600 --> 0:16:06.320
<v Speaker 1>And if he was a narcissist, as I throughout a

0:16:06.360 --> 0:16:09.280
<v Speaker 1>wild guest in the previous episode, if you disagree, that

0:16:09.400 --> 0:16:13.160
<v Speaker 1>is fine. If he was literally everything that happens here

0:16:13.240 --> 0:16:16.480
<v Speaker 1>is totally unsurprising to you. Right. He does not conceive

0:16:16.520 --> 0:16:19.840
<v Speaker 1>of anyone else. He is the main character in the

0:16:19.880 --> 0:16:22.800
<v Speaker 1>story that is his life. Everyone else or extras and

0:16:22.920 --> 0:16:26.280
<v Speaker 1>he it's not that he can't have feelings or emotions,

0:16:27.520 --> 0:16:31.640
<v Speaker 1>but the fits of rage, the fact that when you

0:16:31.680 --> 0:16:36.600
<v Speaker 1>make a narcissist angry, your humanity disappears. You are just

0:16:36.720 --> 0:16:41.000
<v Speaker 1>an object. You're a receptacle for their rage. And so

0:16:42.240 --> 0:16:45.360
<v Speaker 1>whatever love he felt for someone like that, it is

0:16:46.280 --> 0:16:50.080
<v Speaker 1>different because he said, like, you know, I don't you know,

0:16:50.240 --> 0:16:52.680
<v Speaker 1>I don't deserve a wife is as good as her

0:16:53.120 --> 0:16:55.880
<v Speaker 1>or whatever. Again, he's still not thinking of her as

0:16:56.480 --> 0:16:59.840
<v Speaker 1>an in you know, like a separate person with agency

0:17:00.440 --> 0:17:03.080
<v Speaker 1>and the same thing with the servants and everyone else.

0:17:03.160 --> 0:17:07.439
<v Speaker 1>I personally believe this is just my opinion that his

0:17:07.560 --> 0:17:10.800
<v Speaker 1>whole worldview was kind of shaped by that. And the

0:17:10.840 --> 0:17:13.879
<v Speaker 1>fact that we have a system where narcissists consistently bubbled

0:17:13.880 --> 0:17:20.160
<v Speaker 1>to the top explains a lot about the way name

0:17:20.280 --> 0:17:23.080
<v Speaker 1>name a popular figure. I'm not saying that Donald Trump

0:17:23.119 --> 0:17:25.440
<v Speaker 1>was a narcissist. I again, I've not spoke to the man.

0:17:25.520 --> 0:17:30.000
<v Speaker 1>I I certainly couldnt make that determination. He kind of

0:17:30.040 --> 0:17:34.800
<v Speaker 1>has some uh elements of one in my opinion. Again,

0:17:34.840 --> 0:17:37.719
<v Speaker 1>if you disagree, those of you who know it all

0:17:37.800 --> 0:17:40.520
<v Speaker 1>Trump personally, I know some of your friends, you know

0:17:41.160 --> 0:17:44.000
<v Speaker 1>this has a this our our number one hot spot

0:17:44.040 --> 0:17:48.560
<v Speaker 1>for listeners is Mara Lada action. Um so. But I

0:17:48.600 --> 0:17:52.399
<v Speaker 1>think guys like this they can't fully conceive of consequences

0:17:53.119 --> 0:17:57.840
<v Speaker 1>to themselves or to other people, like they just everything

0:17:57.880 --> 0:18:01.480
<v Speaker 1>about the way and like the idea that the citizens

0:18:01.480 --> 0:18:03.480
<v Speaker 1>of these other countries where they're going to do the

0:18:03.520 --> 0:18:06.080
<v Speaker 1>things spoiler alert that they're going to be doing over

0:18:06.080 --> 0:18:09.080
<v Speaker 1>the next few decades, the idea that the people suffering

0:18:09.119 --> 0:18:12.479
<v Speaker 1>because of that, that those are actual human beings. I

0:18:12.520 --> 0:18:15.920
<v Speaker 1>don't think would enter the mind of someone like al adult.

0:18:15.960 --> 0:18:18.960
<v Speaker 1>I don't think he can really conceptualize that. No, I don't,

0:18:19.000 --> 0:18:21.280
<v Speaker 1>And that's what I was saying earlier. I think makes

0:18:21.359 --> 0:18:23.480
<v Speaker 1>him different from his brother because Foster is not the

0:18:23.520 --> 0:18:27.080
<v Speaker 1>same um I think Foster has and it evolves through

0:18:27.119 --> 0:18:30.200
<v Speaker 1>time an ideology. Well, actually he goes through a couple

0:18:30.280 --> 0:18:33.680
<v Speaker 1>of different ones. But he he acts based on things

0:18:33.720 --> 0:18:36.640
<v Speaker 1>that he believes about the world, and I think with

0:18:36.720 --> 0:18:39.199
<v Speaker 1>Alan it's more he acts based on things he believes

0:18:39.200 --> 0:18:43.520
<v Speaker 1>about himself or wants to have for himself. It's almost

0:18:43.600 --> 0:18:46.840
<v Speaker 1>like you have the representation of what we now think

0:18:46.840 --> 0:18:49.439
<v Speaker 1>of as like the modern conservative movement, where you have

0:18:49.560 --> 0:18:53.199
<v Speaker 1>the Bible true believers, and then like the Donald Trump

0:18:53.240 --> 0:18:57.000
<v Speaker 1>wing who's just in it for a really interesting way

0:18:57.000 --> 0:18:59.280
<v Speaker 1>to look at this. And so that's how you can

0:18:59.320 --> 0:19:04.119
<v Speaker 1>wind up with like a womanizer, a crazy party boy

0:19:04.600 --> 0:19:08.360
<v Speaker 1>who has the loyal devotion of the studious Bible thumpers

0:19:08.359 --> 0:19:10.920
<v Speaker 1>in the South. It's like, how do they have anything

0:19:10.920 --> 0:19:14.880
<v Speaker 1>in common? Well, look at the dullest brothers raised by

0:19:14.880 --> 0:19:17.800
<v Speaker 1>the same family at the same time in the same era,

0:19:19.200 --> 0:19:21.680
<v Speaker 1>two very different people that would wind up on the

0:19:21.760 --> 0:19:27.119
<v Speaker 1>same mission for in my view, totally different reasons. Yeah,

0:19:27.280 --> 0:19:29.600
<v Speaker 1>I think I think you're right on the money with that.

0:19:29.600 --> 0:19:31.840
<v Speaker 1>That is not I think a way I would have

0:19:32.640 --> 0:19:37.000
<v Speaker 1>thought to bring it up. But let's get moving. Um okay.

0:19:37.200 --> 0:19:41.280
<v Speaker 1>So Foster, by comparison to his brother, was utterly devoted

0:19:41.280 --> 0:19:43.440
<v Speaker 1>and as far as we know, loyal to his wife Janet.

0:19:43.480 --> 0:19:46.000
<v Speaker 1>But the brothers were similar in the fact that neither

0:19:46.080 --> 0:19:48.200
<v Speaker 1>of them did seem to give a good goddamn about

0:19:48.240 --> 0:19:51.680
<v Speaker 1>their children. David Talbot writes that Alan treated his kids

0:19:51.720 --> 0:19:54.679
<v Speaker 1>as if they were quote visitors in his house, and

0:19:54.720 --> 0:19:58.320
<v Speaker 1>they were both just they were both like complete workaholics.

0:19:58.359 --> 0:20:00.720
<v Speaker 1>You know, I think with Alan it more he really

0:20:00.760 --> 0:20:03.960
<v Speaker 1>didn't care all that much. Foster is just working all

0:20:04.000 --> 0:20:07.960
<v Speaker 1>the time. They're both people who their children are number one.

0:20:08.640 --> 0:20:11.800
<v Speaker 1>Then this is them being a product of their time. Right,

0:20:12.200 --> 0:20:15.760
<v Speaker 1>that's the wife's job, right. Um, you know, when they're older,

0:20:15.800 --> 0:20:18.000
<v Speaker 1>all helped them start their careers off and stuff, and

0:20:18.040 --> 0:20:20.920
<v Speaker 1>like they'll but like it's it's her job to raise them.

0:20:20.920 --> 0:20:23.679
<v Speaker 1>I have to go change the world. But neither of

0:20:23.720 --> 0:20:28.240
<v Speaker 1>them are very warm fathers, you would say. Um, Now,

0:20:28.280 --> 0:20:30.800
<v Speaker 1>as the Roaring twenties gave way to the Great Depression

0:20:30.800 --> 0:20:33.840
<v Speaker 1>of the early nineteen thirties. The Dullest brothers grew increasingly

0:20:33.920 --> 0:20:37.120
<v Speaker 1>concerned about the spread of Communist sympathy at home and abroad,

0:20:37.680 --> 0:20:41.720
<v Speaker 1>and Foster this ignited a deep and enthusiastic sympathy for

0:20:41.800 --> 0:20:44.840
<v Speaker 1>the Nazis, who he regarded as the best bet for

0:20:44.840 --> 0:20:48.159
<v Speaker 1>stopping communisms westward advance in Europe. While he does not

0:20:48.359 --> 0:20:50.480
<v Speaker 1>seem to have fallen for the protocols of the Elders

0:20:50.520 --> 0:20:53.879
<v Speaker 1>of Zion like his younger brother, Foster's Nazi sympathies led

0:20:53.960 --> 0:20:58.479
<v Speaker 1>him to some pretty vile behavior from the Devil's Chessboard quote.

0:20:59.000 --> 0:21:01.600
<v Speaker 1>In ninety two, is Hitler began his takeover of the

0:21:01.640 --> 0:21:05.600
<v Speaker 1>German government, Foster visited three Jewish friends, all prominent bankers,

0:21:05.600 --> 0:21:08.040
<v Speaker 1>in their Berlin office. The men were in a state

0:21:08.040 --> 0:21:10.960
<v Speaker 1>of extreme anxiety during the meeting. At one point, the bankers,

0:21:11.000 --> 0:21:13.840
<v Speaker 1>too afraid to speak, made motions to indicate a truck

0:21:13.880 --> 0:21:17.120
<v Speaker 1>parked outside and suggested that it was monitoring their conversation.

0:21:17.680 --> 0:21:20.480
<v Speaker 1>They indicated to him that they felt absolutely no freedom.

0:21:20.520 --> 0:21:24.600
<v Speaker 1>Eleanor recalled Foster's reaction to his friends terrible dilemma. Unnerved

0:21:24.600 --> 0:21:27.360
<v Speaker 1>his sister There's nothing that a person like me can

0:21:27.400 --> 0:21:29.920
<v Speaker 1>do in dealing with these men except to probably keep

0:21:29.960 --> 0:21:33.560
<v Speaker 1>away from them, he later told Eleanor They're safer if

0:21:33.600 --> 0:21:36.399
<v Speaker 1>I keep away from them. Actually, there was much that

0:21:36.480 --> 0:21:39.040
<v Speaker 1>a Wall Street powerbroker like John Foster Dolas could have

0:21:39.080 --> 0:21:42.320
<v Speaker 1>done for his endangered friends, starting with pulleage, pulling strings

0:21:42.359 --> 0:21:43.959
<v Speaker 1>to get their families and at least some of their

0:21:44.000 --> 0:21:46.760
<v Speaker 1>assets out of Germany before it was too late. And

0:21:46.760 --> 0:21:48.800
<v Speaker 1>I think David Talbot is right on the money here.

0:21:48.800 --> 0:21:51.200
<v Speaker 1>This is not a situation where he could have done nothing.

0:21:51.640 --> 0:21:56.000
<v Speaker 1>The Nazis were extremely happy to let very wealthy Jewish

0:21:56.000 --> 0:21:59.040
<v Speaker 1>people leave Europe, often with some of their assets, in

0:21:59.160 --> 0:22:02.720
<v Speaker 1>order to please For indignitary stuff like that happened. A

0:22:02.800 --> 0:22:05.520
<v Speaker 1>man with Foster's poll would have had no trouble getting

0:22:05.560 --> 0:22:09.280
<v Speaker 1>his friends out of Nazi Germany. Many other influential foreigners

0:22:09.320 --> 0:22:12.119
<v Speaker 1>did the same, and in fact Hitler himself intervened to

0:22:12.160 --> 0:22:15.159
<v Speaker 1>allow a Jewish doctor who had treated his mother's cancer

0:22:15.400 --> 0:22:17.840
<v Speaker 1>to immigrate from Germany with his assets. This was not

0:22:17.920 --> 0:22:21.880
<v Speaker 1>an impossible thing. Um he just didn't do it. Uh

0:22:21.920 --> 0:22:24.359
<v Speaker 1>it was I think he just got spooked. Um Or

0:22:24.400 --> 0:22:26.600
<v Speaker 1>he didn't really care all that much, one way or

0:22:26.640 --> 0:22:30.440
<v Speaker 1>the other. Now, the fact that Foster Dulas absolutely could

0:22:30.440 --> 0:22:32.600
<v Speaker 1>have saved his friends is underscored by the fact that

0:22:32.600 --> 0:22:34.919
<v Speaker 1>he was seen by the Nazis as one of their

0:22:34.960 --> 0:22:39.159
<v Speaker 1>most valuable American friends. In fact, without Foster Dullus, it

0:22:39.280 --> 0:22:41.840
<v Speaker 1>is possible that the Nazi military build up and the

0:22:41.880 --> 0:22:44.840
<v Speaker 1>Blitzgraig would not have happened, or certainly wouldn't have happened

0:22:44.840 --> 0:22:47.760
<v Speaker 1>in the form that it did. See and this is interesting.

0:22:48.080 --> 0:22:52.119
<v Speaker 1>Foster Dulas made his fortune building and advising cartel's. This

0:22:52.160 --> 0:22:54.480
<v Speaker 1>is what he specialized in for that big law firm.

0:22:55.000 --> 0:22:58.280
<v Speaker 1>Cartels are groups of competing businesses who agreed to fix

0:22:58.400 --> 0:23:02.240
<v Speaker 1>prices and closed their supply and distribution networks to outsiders

0:23:02.440 --> 0:23:06.040
<v Speaker 1>in order to maximize profits. Now, this was not then

0:23:06.119 --> 0:23:09.120
<v Speaker 1>or now a popular idea to anyone but people who

0:23:09.160 --> 0:23:12.320
<v Speaker 1>invest in cartels because it increases prices and generally reduces

0:23:12.359 --> 0:23:16.119
<v Speaker 1>the quality of products for everybody else. Foster defended cartels

0:23:16.200 --> 0:23:19.760
<v Speaker 1>as forces for stability, and he made it like his

0:23:19.840 --> 0:23:23.800
<v Speaker 1>argument that it's it protects economies from wild swings. Now,

0:23:23.840 --> 0:23:28.159
<v Speaker 1>one of Foster's big clients was the International Nickel Company,

0:23:28.240 --> 0:23:31.360
<v Speaker 1>which was based in the United States, Foster was both

0:23:31.359 --> 0:23:34.199
<v Speaker 1>their legal counsel and a director and member of the

0:23:34.240 --> 0:23:37.920
<v Speaker 1>executive board. In the early nineteen thirties, as the Nazis

0:23:37.960 --> 0:23:41.840
<v Speaker 1>solidified their hold on power, Foster Doles helped merge the

0:23:41.880 --> 0:23:45.760
<v Speaker 1>International Nickel Company and a Canadian affiliate into a cartel

0:23:46.040 --> 0:23:50.200
<v Speaker 1>with France's two major nickel producers. In nineteen thirty four,

0:23:50.520 --> 0:23:54.240
<v Speaker 1>he brought a German company in I. G. Farban, the

0:23:54.359 --> 0:23:58.960
<v Speaker 1>largest German nickel producer, into the cartel. Stephen Kinzer writes

0:23:59.080 --> 0:24:03.159
<v Speaker 1>quote this gave Nazi Germany access to the cartel's resources.

0:24:03.520 --> 0:24:06.560
<v Speaker 1>Without Dullus, According to a study of Sullivan and Cromwell,

0:24:06.840 --> 0:24:10.359
<v Speaker 1>Germany would have lacked any negotiating strength with International Nickel,

0:24:10.440 --> 0:24:13.680
<v Speaker 1>which controlled the world supply of nickel, a crucial ingredient

0:24:13.800 --> 0:24:20.520
<v Speaker 1>in stainless steel and armor plate. So without this cartel

0:24:20.560 --> 0:24:23.480
<v Speaker 1>and without Foster's roll in it, it's possible the Nazis

0:24:23.520 --> 0:24:26.080
<v Speaker 1>don't have access to the metal they need to make

0:24:26.119 --> 0:24:29.320
<v Speaker 1>the armor for their tanks. Which is cool. And he

0:24:29.440 --> 0:24:34.879
<v Speaker 1>was not unique, No, no, no, in the American business world. Again,

0:24:34.920 --> 0:24:38.440
<v Speaker 1>it's it's hard to he's not unique at this stage.

0:24:38.600 --> 0:24:44.840
<v Speaker 1>Certainly in nineteen this is two thirty four is when

0:24:44.840 --> 0:24:47.800
<v Speaker 1>he brings an Ig Farban and a lot of Americans

0:24:47.800 --> 0:24:50.520
<v Speaker 1>are working with the Nazis. Absolutely, Yeah, this is a

0:24:50.600 --> 0:24:55.160
<v Speaker 1>stage where in the American business, especially if you think

0:24:55.280 --> 0:24:59.240
<v Speaker 1>that you're picking between the Nazis and the Communists, there's

0:24:59.280 --> 0:25:01.520
<v Speaker 1>a lot that kind of came down on the side

0:25:01.560 --> 0:25:04.479
<v Speaker 1>of There's a lot to be discussed there about what

0:25:04.560 --> 0:25:07.439
<v Speaker 1>they knew or should have known at the time, because again,

0:25:08.040 --> 0:25:11.159
<v Speaker 1>the issues that the Jews were having in Germany, like

0:25:11.200 --> 0:25:12.919
<v Speaker 1>you talked to any of them, you could have found

0:25:12.920 --> 0:25:15.560
<v Speaker 1>out what was coming, and Foster had you know, and

0:25:15.640 --> 0:25:19.959
<v Speaker 1>Foster had and so the argument that they should have known, like,

0:25:20.080 --> 0:25:23.200
<v Speaker 1>I get that we're looking back at this knowing how

0:25:23.240 --> 0:25:27.200
<v Speaker 1>things turned out, and that that is not completely fair.

0:25:27.359 --> 0:25:29.439
<v Speaker 1>Like there, maybe we may be getting judged just as

0:25:29.480 --> 0:25:31.479
<v Speaker 1>harshly Hun did years from now from things that we

0:25:31.640 --> 0:25:34.439
<v Speaker 1>expressed support for or whatever, but for Will Wheaton mainly,

0:25:34.480 --> 0:25:38.760
<v Speaker 1>But of all the people on earth who probably could

0:25:38.800 --> 0:25:44.800
<v Speaker 1>have should have known better, I I think it's fair

0:25:44.880 --> 0:25:48.200
<v Speaker 1>to say that Foster Dellis was was one of those. Yeah,

0:25:48.240 --> 0:25:51.919
<v Speaker 1>and his his complicity will get deeper um at this

0:25:52.000 --> 0:25:55.080
<v Speaker 1>stage thirty four. I mean, he didn't necessarily know the Germans.

0:25:55.080 --> 0:25:56.879
<v Speaker 1>He couldn't have known they're going to use all of

0:25:56.920 --> 0:25:59.680
<v Speaker 1>this nickel to make tanks and take over a large

0:25:59.720 --> 0:26:02.840
<v Speaker 1>jump of the planet. Um, although I guess you could,

0:26:03.040 --> 0:26:06.480
<v Speaker 1>you could safely argue wasn't a huge guess if you

0:26:06.520 --> 0:26:09.920
<v Speaker 1>were reading the things that Hitler was putting out right,

0:26:09.920 --> 0:26:13.760
<v Speaker 1>because like, it's what year didn't mind come come out? Geez,

0:26:13.800 --> 0:26:16.400
<v Speaker 1>twenty four I think is when it was written at least, Yeah,

0:26:16.560 --> 0:26:19.760
<v Speaker 1>this is complicated territory that the exact year you're talking

0:26:19.800 --> 0:26:22.480
<v Speaker 1>about matters a lot, because a lot of people don't

0:26:22.480 --> 0:26:25.160
<v Speaker 1>immediately know, like well, Win was Poland invaded? Or when

0:26:25.160 --> 0:26:27.679
<v Speaker 1>did it? When did they find out about the Holocaust?

0:26:29.200 --> 0:26:32.359
<v Speaker 1>There is plenty of support in the thirties for Hitler

0:26:32.359 --> 0:26:35.720
<v Speaker 1>in the United States at the stage we're talking about.

0:26:35.840 --> 0:26:40.280
<v Speaker 1>But again, it mind comp was not dug up and

0:26:40.280 --> 0:26:43.600
<v Speaker 1>discovered later. Hitler's feelings about the Jews was not something

0:26:43.640 --> 0:26:46.200
<v Speaker 1>that came out later and and where he had to

0:26:46.240 --> 0:26:50.600
<v Speaker 1>be canceled later on it was known. Uh, it was

0:26:50.720 --> 0:26:54.520
<v Speaker 1>never okay, It's just you have to orient yourself in

0:26:54.560 --> 0:26:57.639
<v Speaker 1>time to understand what's like, how he could be so

0:26:57.760 --> 0:26:59.760
<v Speaker 1>callous or how he could you know, like leave those

0:26:59.760 --> 0:27:03.840
<v Speaker 1>friends behind because did he know the degree of danger

0:27:03.960 --> 0:27:11.399
<v Speaker 1>that those friends were in. Probably not, but uh I

0:27:11.440 --> 0:27:14.760
<v Speaker 1>don't know, yep, yep, yeah, and well yeah, I'm going

0:27:14.800 --> 0:27:17.760
<v Speaker 1>to continue actually with a quote from the Brothers um

0:27:17.800 --> 0:27:19.560
<v Speaker 1>that talks about so he one of the guys he

0:27:19.600 --> 0:27:22.199
<v Speaker 1>works with is this this guy Shocked, who is like

0:27:22.440 --> 0:27:25.119
<v Speaker 1>kind of running the economy for the Nazis in this

0:27:25.240 --> 0:27:29.000
<v Speaker 1>period quote. Working with Shocked Foster helped the not national

0:27:29.040 --> 0:27:31.879
<v Speaker 1>socialist state find rich sources of financing in the United

0:27:31.920 --> 0:27:35.000
<v Speaker 1>States for its public agencies, banks and industries. The two

0:27:35.000 --> 0:27:38.560
<v Speaker 1>men shaped complex restructuring of German loan obligations at several

0:27:38.600 --> 0:27:42.600
<v Speaker 1>debt conferences in Berlin, conferences that were officially among bankers

0:27:42.600 --> 0:27:45.199
<v Speaker 1>but were in fact closely guided by the American and

0:27:45.240 --> 0:27:48.120
<v Speaker 1>German governments, and came up with new formulas that made

0:27:48.160 --> 0:27:50.879
<v Speaker 1>it easier for the Germans to borrow money from American banks.

0:27:51.320 --> 0:27:54.600
<v Speaker 1>Sullivan and Cromwell floated the first American bonds issued by

0:27:54.600 --> 0:27:58.159
<v Speaker 1>the giant German steelmaker and arms manufacturer Krupp. A G

0:27:58.800 --> 0:28:01.879
<v Speaker 1>extended i G farban global reach, and fought successfully to

0:28:01.920 --> 0:28:05.159
<v Speaker 1>block Canada's effort to re strictly the export of steel

0:28:05.359 --> 0:28:08.359
<v Speaker 1>to German arms makers. According to one history, the firm

0:28:08.440 --> 0:28:12.639
<v Speaker 1>quote represented several provincial governments, some large industrial combines, a

0:28:12.760 --> 0:28:15.280
<v Speaker 1>number of big American companies with interest in the Reich,

0:28:15.359 --> 0:28:19.240
<v Speaker 1>and some rich individuals. By another account, it quote thrived

0:28:19.240 --> 0:28:22.240
<v Speaker 1>on its cartels and collusion with the new Nazi regime.

0:28:23.040 --> 0:28:25.399
<v Speaker 1>So the longer he does this, the more the deeper

0:28:25.480 --> 0:28:29.960
<v Speaker 1>he gets into, specifically helping the German state arm itself. Right,

0:28:30.040 --> 0:28:32.520
<v Speaker 1>Canada is trying to stop export of steel because they

0:28:32.520 --> 0:28:37.159
<v Speaker 1>see Germany arming Sullivan and Cromwell under Foster says, we

0:28:37.280 --> 0:28:40.280
<v Speaker 1>gotta get around that. We gotta make sure these Nazis

0:28:40.280 --> 0:28:45.200
<v Speaker 1>seven enough steel. Um. So his complicity deepens over time. Now,

0:28:45.240 --> 0:28:48.240
<v Speaker 1>Alan actually spent a decent amount of time with like

0:28:48.400 --> 0:28:51.840
<v Speaker 1>real ass Nazis, including the Nazis Nazi of them all.

0:28:51.880 --> 0:28:55.760
<v Speaker 1>Oh sorry, then we're talking about Allen now, not Foster. Um.

0:28:55.800 --> 0:28:58.080
<v Speaker 1>And the difference between them in this is interesting because

0:28:58.120 --> 0:29:01.640
<v Speaker 1>Alan actually meets hit and I don't think Foster does.

0:29:01.680 --> 0:29:04.400
<v Speaker 1>Alan sits down with a fear in nineteen thirty three.

0:29:05.040 --> 0:29:08.320
<v Speaker 1>Um that said, he was not like his brother in this.

0:29:08.640 --> 0:29:10.680
<v Speaker 1>Alan actually met with Hitler in his role as a

0:29:10.680 --> 0:29:13.120
<v Speaker 1>diplomat and a spy. He was asked to do this

0:29:13.280 --> 0:29:16.200
<v Speaker 1>by f DR and a number it's like he was like,

0:29:16.520 --> 0:29:19.040
<v Speaker 1>f DR sends Alan Dules to Europe to meet with

0:29:19.120 --> 0:29:21.920
<v Speaker 1>Hitler and a couple of other European leaders, and Alan

0:29:22.000 --> 0:29:24.040
<v Speaker 1>and his partner in this project they're going on. A

0:29:24.080 --> 0:29:27.640
<v Speaker 1>diplomat named Davis asked Hitler about reports of violence against

0:29:27.640 --> 0:29:30.880
<v Speaker 1>political dissidents and Jews. Hitler claims that he was just

0:29:31.000 --> 0:29:34.240
<v Speaker 1>taking action to quote protect the millions in foreign capital

0:29:34.280 --> 0:29:37.080
<v Speaker 1>that are invested in Germany. So that is interesting to

0:29:37.120 --> 0:29:40.320
<v Speaker 1>me that, like FDR, while Foster is actively working with

0:29:40.360 --> 0:29:42.960
<v Speaker 1>the Nazis to help their economy and to help their rearming,

0:29:43.320 --> 0:29:45.920
<v Speaker 1>Alan gets sent over to spy on them with FDR,

0:29:46.000 --> 0:29:48.760
<v Speaker 1>and Alan asks them directly about all of the horrible

0:29:48.840 --> 0:29:52.360
<v Speaker 1>Nazis ship they're doing, and Hitler says, all we're arresting

0:29:52.360 --> 0:29:55.000
<v Speaker 1>these people, were putting them in camps to protect foreign

0:29:55.040 --> 0:29:58.520
<v Speaker 1>capital that's invested in Germany. And it's obviously that's not

0:29:58.800 --> 0:30:00.640
<v Speaker 1>entirely why he was doing it, but I think it's

0:30:00.680 --> 0:30:03.160
<v Speaker 1>interesting that that's the line of argument he picks with

0:30:03.200 --> 0:30:05.360
<v Speaker 1>the Americans. And you can see why you think it

0:30:05.400 --> 0:30:09.520
<v Speaker 1>would work, because there's guys like Foster now Alan Dulis

0:30:09.560 --> 0:30:13.520
<v Speaker 1>at this stage didn't see anything unsettling about the Nazis. However,

0:30:13.560 --> 0:30:17.040
<v Speaker 1>he returned to Berlin two years later in nineteen thirty five,

0:30:17.160 --> 0:30:19.920
<v Speaker 1>and could not ignore the brutality of the regime. He

0:30:20.040 --> 0:30:22.600
<v Speaker 1>reported back that Nazi Germany had left him with a

0:30:22.720 --> 0:30:27.960
<v Speaker 1>quote sinister impression. Stephen Kinser calls Nazism quote the first

0:30:27.960 --> 0:30:32.040
<v Speaker 1>and only important subject on which the Dulles brothers seriously disagreed.

0:30:32.720 --> 0:30:35.560
<v Speaker 1>That said, Alan's main issue with the Nazis was not

0:30:35.680 --> 0:30:38.720
<v Speaker 1>their oppression of minorities or their murder of political rivals.

0:30:39.040 --> 0:30:41.080
<v Speaker 1>It was that he was smart enough to guess where

0:30:41.080 --> 0:30:43.640
<v Speaker 1>the whole fashionson thing was heading, and he knew that

0:30:43.760 --> 0:30:45.520
<v Speaker 1>he was pretty sure that the US is gonna wind

0:30:45.560 --> 0:30:47.760
<v Speaker 1>up at war with Nazi Germany. He wanted to spare

0:30:47.800 --> 0:30:50.840
<v Speaker 1>Sullivan and Cromwell the shame of being associated with the

0:30:50.840 --> 0:30:53.920
<v Speaker 1>regime once war broke out. That's really interesting to me that,

0:30:54.000 --> 0:30:57.959
<v Speaker 1>like of the two guys, Foster, who is driven by

0:30:58.000 --> 0:31:01.760
<v Speaker 1>a moral code, gets really deep in with the Nazis,

0:31:01.840 --> 0:31:04.160
<v Speaker 1>and Allan pretty quickly it's like, oh, these fuckers are

0:31:04.200 --> 0:31:07.360
<v Speaker 1>bad news, and it may just be self preservation. You know,

0:31:08.160 --> 0:31:12.719
<v Speaker 1>and Alan helped some German Jews out of Nazi Germany?

0:31:12.760 --> 0:31:16.040
<v Speaker 1>Did he not? There's a yeah, I think there's we'll

0:31:16.080 --> 0:31:20.480
<v Speaker 1>talk about what he did because it's complicated, Jason, This

0:31:20.560 --> 0:31:23.120
<v Speaker 1>is all complicated at the stage because obviously neither one

0:31:23.120 --> 0:31:25.160
<v Speaker 1>of the brothers were like, oh, yeah, we'll be fine

0:31:25.200 --> 0:31:27.720
<v Speaker 1>with if several years from now Hitler is trying to

0:31:28.160 --> 0:31:31.000
<v Speaker 1>you know, bomb the you know, England off the map.

0:31:31.520 --> 0:31:35.400
<v Speaker 1>Like no one wants a world war in Europe. It's

0:31:35.480 --> 0:31:39.440
<v Speaker 1>just that if it sounds like I'm not going far

0:31:39.560 --> 0:31:43.480
<v Speaker 1>enough and criticizing the people friendly to the Nazis, it's

0:31:43.560 --> 0:31:47.360
<v Speaker 1>because I feel like it would be very easy decades

0:31:47.400 --> 0:31:49.479
<v Speaker 1>from now to look back and say, well, why was

0:31:49.920 --> 0:31:53.520
<v Speaker 1>the United States so buddy buddy with China? And you

0:31:53.560 --> 0:31:57.280
<v Speaker 1>can see that with every modern genocide, and there's always

0:31:57.360 --> 0:32:01.520
<v Speaker 1>financial interests who often are willing to keep profiting from

0:32:01.520 --> 0:32:05.880
<v Speaker 1>the regime that's doing the genocide. You know, Um, it's

0:32:05.920 --> 0:32:10.640
<v Speaker 1>not it's more normal than not for for people to

0:32:10.800 --> 0:32:13.880
<v Speaker 1>go along with terrible things if they're not that closely

0:32:13.960 --> 0:32:18.760
<v Speaker 1>tied to them, because the alternative is rocking the boat. Um.

0:32:18.800 --> 0:32:20.800
<v Speaker 1>But I think what we're talking about, Foster here is

0:32:20.920 --> 0:32:25.280
<v Speaker 1>very different um because he really like his brother Alan.

0:32:25.360 --> 0:32:28.000
<v Speaker 1>After thirty five is like, these guys are bad news.

0:32:28.600 --> 0:32:30.600
<v Speaker 1>You know, you can argue Alan actually did have some

0:32:30.640 --> 0:32:32.440
<v Speaker 1>sort of a moral compass and he was just like,

0:32:32.440 --> 0:32:34.160
<v Speaker 1>this is a step too far, or you can say

0:32:34.160 --> 0:32:37.160
<v Speaker 1>it was just self preservation. But he's pretty consistent after

0:32:37.240 --> 0:32:39.640
<v Speaker 1>thirty five, these guys are a problem, and we need

0:32:39.680 --> 0:32:42.280
<v Speaker 1>to be cut ties with them, we need to not

0:32:42.440 --> 0:32:45.640
<v Speaker 1>be in business with them. What is fosterest position, then,

0:32:45.800 --> 0:32:49.880
<v Speaker 1>is he's just so scared of the Communists by something else.

0:32:50.200 --> 0:32:53.520
<v Speaker 1>I think he likes them to some extent. I don't

0:32:53.520 --> 0:32:55.440
<v Speaker 1>think he's a Nazi, because I don't get any hint

0:32:55.440 --> 0:32:58.240
<v Speaker 1>that he's like super an anti Semitism or whatever. I

0:32:58.240 --> 0:33:00.920
<v Speaker 1>don't think that he wants the United States, but he's

0:33:01.480 --> 0:33:04.520
<v Speaker 1>he refuses to turn his back on them, and in

0:33:04.600 --> 0:33:08.320
<v Speaker 1>fact he became their most enthusiastic cheerleader in the halls

0:33:08.320 --> 0:33:12.200
<v Speaker 1>of American power. He repeatedly pushed back against arguments by

0:33:12.240 --> 0:33:15.080
<v Speaker 1>other members of his law firms, some of whom were Jewish,

0:33:15.280 --> 0:33:17.720
<v Speaker 1>that they should reduce or end their dealings with the

0:33:17.800 --> 0:33:21.480
<v Speaker 1>Third Reich. From nineteen thirty three, on all letters written

0:33:21.520 --> 0:33:24.520
<v Speaker 1>from the German offices of Sullivan and Cromwell ended with

0:33:24.600 --> 0:33:27.800
<v Speaker 1>Heil Hitler. Now this was required by law, but it

0:33:27.880 --> 0:33:31.520
<v Speaker 1>was not something Foster had any problem with. While Alan

0:33:31.640 --> 0:33:35.880
<v Speaker 1>politely uh disagreed with his brother, their sister Eleanor was

0:33:36.040 --> 0:33:39.200
<v Speaker 1>much more outspoken on the matter. She too traveled to

0:33:39.280 --> 0:33:41.800
<v Speaker 1>Nazi Germany and the horrors of the regime were not

0:33:41.960 --> 0:33:45.280
<v Speaker 1>lost on her. She repeatedly begged Foster to stop doing

0:33:45.320 --> 0:33:48.360
<v Speaker 1>business with Hitler. He ignored her, complaining that she was

0:33:48.600 --> 0:33:52.560
<v Speaker 1>working herself up over nothing. When f DR denounced the

0:33:52.560 --> 0:33:56.640
<v Speaker 1>repressive measures of the Nazi government, Foster Dullus denounced f

0:33:56.840 --> 0:34:01.680
<v Speaker 1>DR as a demagogue trying to drum up mass emotionalism.

0:34:01.800 --> 0:34:05.200
<v Speaker 1>One contemporary claimed that most of Foster's political energy in

0:34:05.240 --> 0:34:09.440
<v Speaker 1>the nineteen thirties went towards quote rationalizing this Hitler movement.

0:34:10.280 --> 0:34:12.759
<v Speaker 1>So he is not just kind of not wanting to

0:34:12.880 --> 0:34:15.240
<v Speaker 1>rock the boat at a time in which it starts

0:34:15.280 --> 0:34:19.319
<v Speaker 1>to be politically acceptable in common to to to go

0:34:19.440 --> 0:34:23.960
<v Speaker 1>against the Nazis. He's really still on their side. And

0:34:24.000 --> 0:34:30.000
<v Speaker 1>even his brother is like, dude, this ain't it, you know? Um.

0:34:30.040 --> 0:34:34.240
<v Speaker 1>In the summer of nineteen thirty five, partners of Sullivan

0:34:34.239 --> 0:34:36.359
<v Speaker 1>and Cromwell hold a vote to determine whether or not

0:34:36.400 --> 0:34:39.719
<v Speaker 1>they should cease representing German clients. The crimes of the

0:34:39.800 --> 0:34:42.759
<v Speaker 1>Nazi Nazi regime had become too blatant and numerous for

0:34:42.800 --> 0:34:45.000
<v Speaker 1>Foster's colleagues again, at least one of whom was Jewish

0:34:45.040 --> 0:34:48.440
<v Speaker 1>to ignore. Foster complained that pulling out would harm the

0:34:48.480 --> 0:34:52.880
<v Speaker 1>firm's prestige. His brother Alan argued that staying was unconscionable.

0:34:53.160 --> 0:34:56.440
<v Speaker 1>In the end, everyone but Foster voted to suspend the

0:34:56.480 --> 0:35:00.239
<v Speaker 1>firm's operations in Nazi Germany. There are some account that

0:35:00.320 --> 0:35:03.000
<v Speaker 1>Foster wept after the vote, Like as soon as his

0:35:03.080 --> 0:35:05.880
<v Speaker 1>partners like say we're pulling out, he just like breaks down.

0:35:06.600 --> 0:35:13.120
<v Speaker 1>You know, who won't partner with the Nazi regime the

0:35:13.160 --> 0:35:22.720
<v Speaker 1>products and services? Let's support this podcast. Oh we're back.

0:35:23.040 --> 0:35:27.200
<v Speaker 1>We're back, and we're still talking about Nazis um and

0:35:27.360 --> 0:35:29.960
<v Speaker 1>namely how Foster Dolus deals with him. So in in

0:35:30.200 --> 0:35:34.120
<v Speaker 1>kind of late Ish nineteen thirty five, his firm votes

0:35:34.320 --> 0:35:37.560
<v Speaker 1>to stop doing business with the Nazis, he cries and

0:35:37.560 --> 0:35:40.000
<v Speaker 1>I'm gonna quote from the brothers about what happens next.

0:35:40.800 --> 0:35:43.640
<v Speaker 1>Later he backdated the announcement the announcement that they cut

0:35:43.640 --> 0:35:45.600
<v Speaker 1>their ties with the Nazis by a year to make

0:35:45.640 --> 0:35:47.920
<v Speaker 1>it appear that the firm had closed its German offices

0:35:47.960 --> 0:35:51.640
<v Speaker 1>in nineteen thirty four rather than thirty five. He and Janet, however,

0:35:51.760 --> 0:35:54.719
<v Speaker 1>continued to visit Germany as the Nazi regime tightened its

0:35:54.719 --> 0:35:58.600
<v Speaker 1>grip on power, making trips in nineteen thirty six, nineteen seven,

0:35:58.640 --> 0:36:02.680
<v Speaker 1>and nineteen thirty nine. Apparently nothing he saw disturbed him.

0:36:02.719 --> 0:36:07.160
<v Speaker 1>He supported the Neutralist America First Committee, Sullivan and Cromwell

0:36:07.239 --> 0:36:10.800
<v Speaker 1>drew up its articles of incorporation without charge and roused

0:36:10.840 --> 0:36:14.560
<v Speaker 1>its members with speeches denouncing Churchill, Roosevelt, and other warmongers.

0:36:15.000 --> 0:36:18.600
<v Speaker 1>Hitler impressed him as quote one who, from humble beginnings

0:36:18.640 --> 0:36:22.520
<v Speaker 1>and despite the handcap handicap of an alien nationality, had

0:36:22.560 --> 0:36:26.879
<v Speaker 1>attained the unquestioned leadership of a great nation. Only hysteria

0:36:27.080 --> 0:36:30.520
<v Speaker 1>entertains the idea that Germany, Italy or Japan contemplates war

0:36:30.640 --> 0:36:34.000
<v Speaker 1>among upon us, he assured businessmen at the Economic Club

0:36:34.000 --> 0:36:37.960
<v Speaker 1>of New York on March twenty ninety nine. So he's

0:36:38.000 --> 0:36:42.160
<v Speaker 1>pretty pretty pot committed Jason. Yeah. Yeah, And this is

0:36:42.200 --> 0:36:45.520
<v Speaker 1>a point where there was plenty of evidence. There was

0:36:45.840 --> 0:36:49.080
<v Speaker 1>a long that you if you have lived in America

0:36:50.440 --> 0:36:55.040
<v Speaker 1>for five minutes, people have a way of getting dug

0:36:55.080 --> 0:36:59.839
<v Speaker 1>into their positions and to how you can go from well,

0:36:59.840 --> 0:37:02.359
<v Speaker 1>I don't support war all the way to well, you know,

0:37:02.719 --> 0:37:07.960
<v Speaker 1>Hitler is actually a great leader. It's the way we are.

0:37:08.560 --> 0:37:13.440
<v Speaker 1>It's uh, you know, I don't know. I feel like

0:37:13.480 --> 0:37:16.080
<v Speaker 1>you can get dragged down a path of someone who

0:37:16.120 --> 0:37:18.680
<v Speaker 1>thinks that like they're standing up for righteousness or they

0:37:18.719 --> 0:37:23.440
<v Speaker 1>just don't want war. But there's a difference between look,

0:37:23.560 --> 0:37:25.920
<v Speaker 1>you know, someone like Hitler needs to be contained, but

0:37:26.000 --> 0:37:29.000
<v Speaker 1>that a world war will kill tens of millions versus

0:37:30.280 --> 0:37:32.440
<v Speaker 1>you know, Hitler is actually the hero and all this,

0:37:32.560 --> 0:37:36.320
<v Speaker 1>which is where it felt like he landed somehow. Yeah,

0:37:36.400 --> 0:37:39.279
<v Speaker 1>that's that's definitely kind of the side of this that

0:37:39.360 --> 0:37:43.319
<v Speaker 1>he's on. When the Nazis invaded Poland a few months later,

0:37:43.480 --> 0:37:48.120
<v Speaker 1>Foster remained committed to the defending the regime. He gave

0:37:48.160 --> 0:37:50.879
<v Speaker 1>a public speech where he attacked Britain for declaring war

0:37:50.960 --> 0:37:53.879
<v Speaker 1>against Germany and reiterated his belief that there was no

0:37:53.960 --> 0:37:57.440
<v Speaker 1>reason for the United States to get involved. Foster published

0:37:57.480 --> 0:37:59.560
<v Speaker 1>an open letter where he begged for a change in

0:37:59.560 --> 0:38:03.719
<v Speaker 1>the quote international status quo to prevent powerful forces emotionally

0:38:03.719 --> 0:38:07.960
<v Speaker 1>committed to exaggerated and drastic change. This was interpreted by

0:38:07.960 --> 0:38:10.200
<v Speaker 1>his brother Alan to be a plea for the West

0:38:10.320 --> 0:38:14.880
<v Speaker 1>to embrace Nazism in order to fight communism. We've already

0:38:15.000 --> 0:38:18.319
<v Speaker 1>established that Alan was something very close to it. You know,

0:38:18.440 --> 0:38:21.279
<v Speaker 1>narcissis associate had. There's some stuff going on there. You

0:38:21.320 --> 0:38:23.799
<v Speaker 1>could argue if you were as irresponsible as Jason and

0:38:23.840 --> 0:38:27.360
<v Speaker 1>I am. Um, and we are, and this is our podcast.

0:38:27.400 --> 0:38:28.920
<v Speaker 1>What are you gonna do about it? You gonna come

0:38:28.960 --> 0:38:31.480
<v Speaker 1>in here and tell us we're wrong. You're not, But

0:38:31.960 --> 0:38:35.840
<v Speaker 1>Um Alan was actually despite whatever moral failings he has,

0:38:35.880 --> 0:38:38.960
<v Speaker 1>Alan was outraged with his brother's behavior at this point,

0:38:39.360 --> 0:38:42.280
<v Speaker 1>and he tried to appeal to his brother's religion, asking

0:38:42.600 --> 0:38:45.160
<v Speaker 1>how can you call yourself a Christian and ignore what

0:38:45.280 --> 0:38:49.440
<v Speaker 1>is happening in Germany? It is terrible? So this is

0:38:49.640 --> 0:38:51.960
<v Speaker 1>and this is really interesting to me because Foster is

0:38:52.040 --> 0:38:55.040
<v Speaker 1>up to this point much more sympathetic than Alan. But

0:38:55.800 --> 0:38:59.759
<v Speaker 1>Alan does a monster is being like what is wrong

0:38:59.800 --> 0:39:02.960
<v Speaker 1>with you? Like? Why are you still defending the Nazis

0:39:03.040 --> 0:39:06.800
<v Speaker 1>so much? Um, It's a very strange thing. It doesn't

0:39:06.800 --> 0:39:09.439
<v Speaker 1>go the way you would expect it to go. Yeah.

0:39:09.480 --> 0:39:11.400
<v Speaker 1>But and also there is some kind of a happy

0:39:11.440 --> 0:39:14.200
<v Speaker 1>ending of this because again John Foster Doulas standing up

0:39:14.200 --> 0:39:17.680
<v Speaker 1>for the Nazis even after they invaded Poland, he was

0:39:17.719 --> 0:39:20.719
<v Speaker 1>not canceled too hard for his pro hitler, so he

0:39:20.880 --> 0:39:23.360
<v Speaker 1>he was able to come back from that, uh, that

0:39:23.560 --> 0:39:27.640
<v Speaker 1>embarrassing period of his life. That gaff. Now, if Twitter

0:39:27.680 --> 0:39:30.600
<v Speaker 1>had existed, he would have gotten canceled, Jason. That's that's

0:39:30.600 --> 0:39:37.080
<v Speaker 1>what protects us now from similar disasters. So Foster DoLS

0:39:37.239 --> 0:39:39.759
<v Speaker 1>visited Nazi Germany for the last time, and I think

0:39:39.840 --> 0:39:44.000
<v Speaker 1>night um. He seems to have grudgingly accepted by this

0:39:44.080 --> 0:39:46.240
<v Speaker 1>point that the Nazis were not a group he wanted

0:39:46.280 --> 0:39:50.520
<v Speaker 1>to be super publicly associated with, although again he would

0:39:50.560 --> 0:39:53.440
<v Speaker 1>continue to defend them for a couple of years. Later

0:39:53.520 --> 0:39:55.799
<v Speaker 1>in the year he decided to run for Congress. His

0:39:55.880 --> 0:39:59.520
<v Speaker 1>main platform was attacking the New Deal, complaining that instead

0:39:59.560 --> 0:40:02.719
<v Speaker 1>of launched in new social programs, Roosevelt should fight the

0:40:02.719 --> 0:40:06.640
<v Speaker 1>depression by cutting government spending. He accused FDR of quote

0:40:06.640 --> 0:40:09.880
<v Speaker 1>attempting to stir up class feeling by trying to regulate

0:40:09.920 --> 0:40:14.120
<v Speaker 1>the securities market. Foster's campaign went nowhere. He was a terrible,

0:40:14.280 --> 0:40:17.480
<v Speaker 1>terrible politic, while terrible at getting elected Um, but it

0:40:17.520 --> 0:40:21.160
<v Speaker 1>helped establish him as a political voice within the Republican Party.

0:40:21.440 --> 0:40:24.120
<v Speaker 1>By the late nineteen thirties, both Dullis brothers were working

0:40:24.120 --> 0:40:28.040
<v Speaker 1>for Sullivan and Cromwell, which, despite dropping Germany had you know,

0:40:28.120 --> 0:40:30.640
<v Speaker 1>continue to be the largest law firm in the United States.

0:40:31.040 --> 0:40:34.120
<v Speaker 1>Historian Peter Gross argues that even calling it a law

0:40:34.160 --> 0:40:37.399
<v Speaker 1>firm is reductive to the point of inaccuracy. He saw

0:40:37.440 --> 0:40:41.000
<v Speaker 1>it as quote a strategic nexus of international finance, the

0:40:41.080 --> 0:40:44.400
<v Speaker 1>operating core of a web of relationships that constituted power.

0:40:44.800 --> 0:40:48.400
<v Speaker 1>The firm did offer legal associates to draft contracts, preserve estates,

0:40:48.400 --> 0:40:51.200
<v Speaker 1>and arguing courtrooms, but this was not the profession of

0:40:51.239 --> 0:40:54.720
<v Speaker 1>law as practiced by Foster and Alan Dulls. Their Sullivan

0:40:54.719 --> 0:40:57.480
<v Speaker 1>and Cromwell sought nothing less than to shape the affairs

0:40:57.520 --> 0:40:59.640
<v Speaker 1>of all the world for the benefit and well being

0:40:59.680 --> 0:41:05.000
<v Speaker 1>of the elect their clients. It's a fascinating organization, Sullivan

0:41:05.000 --> 0:41:08.640
<v Speaker 1>and Cromwell. UM, and I wonder how many listeners of

0:41:08.719 --> 0:41:13.160
<v Speaker 1>yours have ever heard the name of that firm. Before today,

0:41:13.200 --> 0:41:15.680
<v Speaker 1>I had only heard them mentioned and mentioned them in

0:41:15.680 --> 0:41:18.000
<v Speaker 1>this show during like the Panama episodes. But even then

0:41:18.040 --> 0:41:20.120
<v Speaker 1>I didn't know this. I just knew that that was

0:41:20.160 --> 0:41:22.440
<v Speaker 1>like the lawyer who kind of I just you know,

0:41:22.520 --> 0:41:28.120
<v Speaker 1>had an angle in Panama. Yeah, it's a kid maybe

0:41:28.200 --> 0:41:31.920
<v Speaker 1>something that ought to be in a textbook somewhere for kids. Maybe.

0:41:32.000 --> 0:41:35.600
<v Speaker 1>But I think even now we still think of the

0:41:35.640 --> 0:41:41.160
<v Speaker 1>world as a series of competing countries, and that's so reductive,

0:41:42.239 --> 0:41:45.760
<v Speaker 1>like that hasn't been true in a long time. Corporations

0:41:46.200 --> 0:41:51.520
<v Speaker 1>span borders, and their interest span borders, and it's it's

0:41:51.560 --> 0:41:56.839
<v Speaker 1>hard to understand that you can have two countries at

0:41:56.840 --> 0:41:59.240
<v Speaker 1>war with each other but the same corporation doing business

0:41:59.239 --> 0:42:02.200
<v Speaker 1>and both trying to arrange for things to follow a

0:42:02.239 --> 0:42:08.279
<v Speaker 1>certain way. You don't fully understand history until you understand

0:42:09.520 --> 0:42:11.799
<v Speaker 1>that element of it and the stuff we're gonna get

0:42:11.800 --> 0:42:14.520
<v Speaker 1>into about going to war on behalf of fruit companies. Again,

0:42:14.560 --> 0:42:17.400
<v Speaker 1>that it's you talk about like the phrase banana republic,

0:42:17.440 --> 0:42:23.839
<v Speaker 1>and that's where that comes from. Right. Um, even now,

0:42:23.880 --> 0:42:26.720
<v Speaker 1>I think the average person has a completely incorrect mental

0:42:26.800 --> 0:42:30.759
<v Speaker 1>picture because how a law firm could have that big

0:42:30.800 --> 0:42:35.600
<v Speaker 1>of a role in shaping the world seems again like

0:42:35.640 --> 0:42:40.200
<v Speaker 1>the stuff of conspiracy theories. But it's really understanding that

0:42:40.320 --> 0:42:43.520
<v Speaker 1>the movement of capital and what why that matters, and

0:42:43.560 --> 0:42:50.399
<v Speaker 1>that how that influences the decisions that politicians make. That's

0:42:50.440 --> 0:42:54.279
<v Speaker 1>not conspiracy stuff. That's the way the world functions now

0:42:54.320 --> 0:42:57.799
<v Speaker 1>in a global economy, and you have to almost think

0:42:57.840 --> 0:43:00.319
<v Speaker 1>of it in terms of like the these alliances are

0:43:00.400 --> 0:43:03.520
<v Speaker 1>less important in many cases than the corporations that span

0:43:03.640 --> 0:43:06.239
<v Speaker 1>the borders and what they're what they're trying to accomplish,

0:43:06.320 --> 0:43:10.000
<v Speaker 1>and especially you come down to things like workers advocating

0:43:10.040 --> 0:43:13.120
<v Speaker 1>for certain rights in certain countries and things like that.

0:43:13.120 --> 0:43:19.359
<v Speaker 1>That's going to play into everything that's about to happen. Yep, yeah,

0:43:19.440 --> 0:43:22.360
<v Speaker 1>it sure is, it sure is, Jason. Not in a

0:43:22.400 --> 0:43:25.680
<v Speaker 1>good way. No, not, Nothing that happens on this show

0:43:25.760 --> 0:43:29.440
<v Speaker 1>is in a good way. As a general rule. That's

0:43:29.520 --> 0:43:33.279
<v Speaker 1>that's behind the Bastard's Guarantee. When one of your main

0:43:33.320 --> 0:43:39.480
<v Speaker 1>sources is called the Devil's chessboard, you're you're in for

0:43:39.560 --> 0:43:46.760
<v Speaker 1>an upbeat episode. Good times for everybody. Oh lord, oh Jason.

0:43:46.920 --> 0:43:51.520
<v Speaker 1>So yeah, And in this idea, the fact that Sullivan

0:43:51.520 --> 0:43:53.440
<v Speaker 1>and Cromwell should shape the affairs of the world for

0:43:53.480 --> 0:43:55.720
<v Speaker 1>the benefit of their clients. This was something the Dullis

0:43:55.719 --> 0:43:57.880
<v Speaker 1>brothers agreed with right. They may have had a little

0:43:57.880 --> 0:44:01.440
<v Speaker 1>bit of a debate over whether or not Zism was okay,

0:44:01.480 --> 0:44:04.960
<v Speaker 1>but they were on board for this um. Now. During

0:44:04.960 --> 0:44:07.800
<v Speaker 1>World War One, both brothers had kind of fully fallen

0:44:07.880 --> 0:44:11.000
<v Speaker 1>under this way of will. The Wilson i um concept

0:44:11.400 --> 0:44:15.640
<v Speaker 1>that's known as liberal internationalism, and the basic idea behind

0:44:15.719 --> 0:44:21.759
<v Speaker 1>liberal internationalism is that international conflict arises only from misunderstandings

0:44:21.800 --> 0:44:26.840
<v Speaker 1>between ruling elites, social injustices, political oppression, religious and ethnic strife.

0:44:27.120 --> 0:44:29.719
<v Speaker 1>This all is a distraction from the real issue, which

0:44:29.760 --> 0:44:32.600
<v Speaker 1>is people in charge of different countries not getting along.

0:44:33.000 --> 0:44:37.680
<v Speaker 1>Since international conflict is just conflict between elites, then commerce

0:44:37.760 --> 0:44:40.200
<v Speaker 1>is the ultimate way to guarantee peace. Right. That's how

0:44:40.200 --> 0:44:42.880
<v Speaker 1>it feeds back into their ideas of capitalism, because you

0:44:42.960 --> 0:44:47.759
<v Speaker 1>guarantee peace by ensuring the international movement of corporations like

0:44:48.120 --> 0:44:51.520
<v Speaker 1>basically and and of financial interests. It's and this is

0:44:51.520 --> 0:44:53.520
<v Speaker 1>a pretty common idea, right that if you have a

0:44:53.800 --> 0:44:56.359
<v Speaker 1>two nations with McDonald's and them have never gone to war,

0:44:56.480 --> 0:44:58.640
<v Speaker 1>you know, stuff like that. I think we we've all

0:44:58.680 --> 0:45:04.560
<v Speaker 1>heard like versions of this idea. Um. Now, internationalists like

0:45:04.640 --> 0:45:06.920
<v Speaker 1>the Dullus brothers felt that the United States had a

0:45:07.000 --> 0:45:09.800
<v Speaker 1>duty to embrace its destiny as the world's great power.

0:45:10.200 --> 0:45:13.840
<v Speaker 1>American value should be spread through the world, across the

0:45:13.880 --> 0:45:17.440
<v Speaker 1>world through the engine of American business. The state's main

0:45:17.560 --> 0:45:20.399
<v Speaker 1>role then is to use its power, and particularly it's

0:45:20.520 --> 0:45:24.440
<v Speaker 1>armed might, in order to promote and defend American business

0:45:24.440 --> 0:45:28.120
<v Speaker 1>interests abroad. Foster Dullus had spent most of his life

0:45:28.120 --> 0:45:31.720
<v Speaker 1>even prior to World War One, doing this job. Alan

0:45:31.800 --> 0:45:34.160
<v Speaker 1>Dullas came to embrace his role as defender of the

0:45:34.160 --> 0:45:37.240
<v Speaker 1>wealthy and powerful in the post war years. One historian

0:45:37.280 --> 0:45:40.759
<v Speaker 1>wrote that he quote never bothered to understand the technical

0:45:40.840 --> 0:45:44.040
<v Speaker 1>aspects of financial maneuverings, but under the influence of Foster

0:45:44.080 --> 0:45:46.640
<v Speaker 1>in the firm, he grew sensitive to the elites goal

0:45:46.719 --> 0:45:49.920
<v Speaker 1>of transnational power to generate prosperity for the world and

0:45:49.960 --> 0:45:54.400
<v Speaker 1>of course themselves. Now, Foster and Alan were some of

0:45:54.440 --> 0:45:57.920
<v Speaker 1>the founding members of the Council on Foreign Relations. This

0:45:57.960 --> 0:46:01.360
<v Speaker 1>is something they helped to create. The CFR was established

0:46:01.400 --> 0:46:03.600
<v Speaker 1>in the early nineteen twenties. And this is something you

0:46:03.640 --> 0:46:06.759
<v Speaker 1>see in conspiracy theories all the time. The CFR is

0:46:06.800 --> 0:46:11.200
<v Speaker 1>in a billion different conspiracy theories. Um for good reason,

0:46:11.280 --> 0:46:14.000
<v Speaker 1>I mean sometimes for good reason, often for nonsense. Reasons

0:46:14.560 --> 0:46:17.440
<v Speaker 1>uh now. The CFR was established in the early twenties

0:46:17.480 --> 0:46:19.839
<v Speaker 1>with the goal of bringing powerful people together to further

0:46:19.880 --> 0:46:22.880
<v Speaker 1>the ends of American corporate and political power. The club

0:46:22.960 --> 0:46:26.200
<v Speaker 1>was invitation only, and membership became highly desired, both for

0:46:26.239 --> 0:46:28.640
<v Speaker 1>prestige and because it de facto put you in a

0:46:28.719 --> 0:46:31.240
<v Speaker 1>room with the wealthiest and most influential people on earth.

0:46:31.640 --> 0:46:35.560
<v Speaker 1>The club's motto was a single Latin word, ubiquay, which

0:46:35.600 --> 0:46:39.279
<v Speaker 1>means everywhere. So again, not hard to see why there's

0:46:39.320 --> 0:46:41.919
<v Speaker 1>so many conspiracies about this group. And I think their

0:46:41.960 --> 0:46:46.000
<v Speaker 1>logo was like an octopus strangling the globe. Possibly, yes,

0:46:46.080 --> 0:46:49.440
<v Speaker 1>it is an octopus murdering children, um is the logo,

0:46:49.520 --> 0:46:51.560
<v Speaker 1>and drinking their blood which is rich in a dren

0:46:51.640 --> 0:46:57.960
<v Speaker 1>of chrome um. Jesus, Like did these people don't even?

0:46:58.080 --> 0:47:00.200
<v Speaker 1>Did you? Do you not listen to yourselves? Is the

0:47:00.280 --> 0:47:02.080
<v Speaker 1>question I would like to ask them, Like, look at

0:47:02.080 --> 0:47:06.120
<v Speaker 1>what you how how could how would you expect people

0:47:06.200 --> 0:47:09.480
<v Speaker 1>not to start turning out conspiracy theories about this ship?

0:47:09.560 --> 0:47:12.920
<v Speaker 1>When you when you say ship like that? Anyway? As

0:47:12.920 --> 0:47:16.120
<v Speaker 1>World War Two drew nearer, Foster devoted himself increasingly to

0:47:16.200 --> 0:47:20.120
<v Speaker 1>writing articles for foreign affairs. The New Republic and the Atlantic,

0:47:20.360 --> 0:47:24.600
<v Speaker 1>establishing a reputation as a sagacious foreign policy expert. Allen

0:47:24.719 --> 0:47:28.080
<v Speaker 1>meanwhile found himself drifting away from legal pursuits and towards

0:47:28.120 --> 0:47:32.359
<v Speaker 1>another special club called the Room. The Room was made

0:47:32.400 --> 0:47:36.080
<v Speaker 1>up of thirties year old bankers are thirty Ish bankers, businessmen,

0:47:36.120 --> 0:47:39.960
<v Speaker 1>and corporate lawyers with deep contacts and foreign capitals. Most

0:47:40.000 --> 0:47:43.520
<v Speaker 1>of them were like Alan, men with intelligence and espionage

0:47:43.600 --> 0:47:46.839
<v Speaker 1>backgrounds from the last war. Now the head of this

0:47:46.880 --> 0:47:51.080
<v Speaker 1>little club, the Room, was a guy named William Donovan. Now,

0:47:51.160 --> 0:47:54.399
<v Speaker 1>Donovan was a war hero slash corporate lawyer with an

0:47:54.400 --> 0:47:58.120
<v Speaker 1>interest in the burgeoning field of intelligence. Donovan and Alan

0:47:58.200 --> 0:48:02.040
<v Speaker 1>Dulles advised FDR on overt operations abroad in the pre

0:48:02.120 --> 0:48:04.920
<v Speaker 1>World War two years, and they used their connections to

0:48:05.000 --> 0:48:08.640
<v Speaker 1>arrange corporate cover for American agents headed into Nazi Europe

0:48:08.680 --> 0:48:11.400
<v Speaker 1>or the Soviet Union. When the war broke out for

0:48:11.440 --> 0:48:16.360
<v Speaker 1>the United States, the Room morphed rather naturally into the OSS,

0:48:16.400 --> 0:48:20.480
<v Speaker 1>the Office of Strategic Services. This was the chief US

0:48:20.520 --> 0:48:23.879
<v Speaker 1>spy agency of World War Two and the direct predecessor

0:48:23.960 --> 0:48:26.560
<v Speaker 1>of the CIA. But I'm getting ahead of myself here.

0:48:27.040 --> 0:48:29.359
<v Speaker 1>As the war drew nearer, Bill Donovan and a few

0:48:29.360 --> 0:48:31.640
<v Speaker 1>other far sighted men saw that the United States was

0:48:31.640 --> 0:48:34.759
<v Speaker 1>going to need an intelligence agency. In nineteen forty the

0:48:34.840 --> 0:48:37.719
<v Speaker 1>U s had basically no intelligence set up. What had

0:48:37.719 --> 0:48:40.919
<v Speaker 1>existed during World War One had basically been tossed into

0:48:40.960 --> 0:48:44.880
<v Speaker 1>the trash been In the intervening years, eight different government agencies,

0:48:44.920 --> 0:48:48.840
<v Speaker 1>including the FCC, gathered foreign intel in one form or another,

0:48:48.920 --> 0:48:50.760
<v Speaker 1>but none of them had any idea what the others

0:48:50.760 --> 0:48:54.319
<v Speaker 1>were doing. There was no Internet agency communication. Most of

0:48:54.320 --> 0:48:56.920
<v Speaker 1>what the White House knew about the foreign about foreign

0:48:56.960 --> 0:49:00.200
<v Speaker 1>countries internal affairs came from guys like Donovan, who the

0:49:00.239 --> 0:49:03.160
<v Speaker 1>President personally and traveled around doing his you know, spy

0:49:03.200 --> 0:49:05.880
<v Speaker 1>work on their own. So in the US entered the

0:49:05.920 --> 0:49:09.279
<v Speaker 1>war in nineteen forty one, the OSS was established to

0:49:09.320 --> 0:49:13.760
<v Speaker 1>formalize these very ad hoc intelligence networks. Alan Dullas joined

0:49:13.800 --> 0:49:16.480
<v Speaker 1>the OSS, and once again he was sent to Burn

0:49:16.600 --> 0:49:18.600
<v Speaker 1>for the duration of the war to get what intel

0:49:18.640 --> 0:49:21.479
<v Speaker 1>he could on Nazi occupied Europe, and again he wasn't

0:49:21.480 --> 0:49:25.120
<v Speaker 1>great at his job. Donovan's aids regularly complained about the

0:49:25.160 --> 0:49:27.960
<v Speaker 1>low quality of the intelligence coming out of Burn. In

0:49:28.040 --> 0:49:33.319
<v Speaker 1>nineteen forty four, Alan was responsible for two hilariously inaccurate predictions,

0:49:33.360 --> 0:49:36.600
<v Speaker 1>both based on bad intel. Prior to the Normandy landings,

0:49:36.600 --> 0:49:39.040
<v Speaker 1>he told his superiors that the Nazi regime was quote

0:49:39.239 --> 0:49:42.080
<v Speaker 1>near collapse and that the Allies would just haven't thus

0:49:42.120 --> 0:49:44.840
<v Speaker 1>have an easy time in France on D Day, which

0:49:45.280 --> 0:49:48.839
<v Speaker 1>I don't know if you've watched the documentary Saving Private Ryan,

0:49:48.880 --> 0:49:53.120
<v Speaker 1>but we did not. There were some bad days after

0:49:53.160 --> 0:49:57.320
<v Speaker 1>the invasion. Now, Alan Dullas was a very prominent figure

0:49:57.320 --> 0:49:58.919
<v Speaker 1>by the time the os S sent him to Burn,

0:49:59.000 --> 0:50:01.799
<v Speaker 1>and every German a in the country knew why he

0:50:01.840 --> 0:50:03.920
<v Speaker 1>was there as soon it was like publicized that he'd

0:50:04.000 --> 0:50:06.640
<v Speaker 1>arrived and that he was a spy. His guys as

0:50:06.640 --> 0:50:09.200
<v Speaker 1>a spy then did not fool anybody. Nobody got tricked

0:50:09.200 --> 0:50:12.040
<v Speaker 1>into thinking he was really a diplomat. By some accounts,

0:50:12.040 --> 0:50:14.080
<v Speaker 1>the main reason he was put in that position in

0:50:14.160 --> 0:50:17.640
<v Speaker 1>Burn at all was because his presence would draw out Nazis,

0:50:18.200 --> 0:50:20.920
<v Speaker 1>and while Allen was in Burn, he didn't just spy

0:50:21.000 --> 0:50:25.160
<v Speaker 1>on Nazis, he worked alongside them. See. One of Alan's

0:50:25.160 --> 0:50:27.640
<v Speaker 1>buddies during this period was a guy named Thomas McKittrick,

0:50:27.760 --> 0:50:31.360
<v Speaker 1>president of the Bank of International Sediments Settlements. The b

0:50:31.560 --> 0:50:34.399
<v Speaker 1>i S was one of the shadiest banks in history.

0:50:34.440 --> 0:50:37.600
<v Speaker 1>Although nominally Swiss, by nineteen forty the b I S

0:50:37.640 --> 0:50:40.880
<v Speaker 1>was controlled by the Nazi regime. Five of its directors

0:50:40.920 --> 0:50:44.840
<v Speaker 1>would later be charged with war crimes incurred, including Hermann Schmitz,

0:50:44.880 --> 0:50:47.360
<v Speaker 1>who was also the CEO of I G. Farban, the

0:50:47.440 --> 0:50:51.840
<v Speaker 1>chemical conglomerate that manufactured zekelon b. Schmitz, by the way,

0:50:52.160 --> 0:50:56.160
<v Speaker 1>was also a client of Sullivan and Cromwell fun now

0:50:56.760 --> 0:51:00.480
<v Speaker 1>tied together. All this is so the b I S

0:51:00.560 --> 0:51:04.240
<v Speaker 1>became a critical partner to the Nazi regime, laundering hundreds

0:51:04.239 --> 0:51:06.400
<v Speaker 1>of millions of dollars in Nazi gold that had been

0:51:06.440 --> 0:51:09.560
<v Speaker 1>looted from occupied countries. Some of this gold had literally

0:51:09.600 --> 0:51:12.600
<v Speaker 1>been ripped out of the bodies of concentration camp inmates.

0:51:13.040 --> 0:51:16.400
<v Speaker 1>When Dulas and McKittrick started talking, one of Allen's goals

0:51:16.400 --> 0:51:19.120
<v Speaker 1>was to get information about the Nazi regime from McKittrick,

0:51:19.200 --> 0:51:22.040
<v Speaker 1>which is reasonable, But when he and McKittrick got to talking,

0:51:22.080 --> 0:51:25.120
<v Speaker 1>they discovered a point of common interest. They both had

0:51:25.200 --> 0:51:28.520
<v Speaker 1>friends and clients with assets in Nazi Germany, and they

0:51:28.560 --> 0:51:32.520
<v Speaker 1>wanted to protect those assets. Now FDR and his people

0:51:32.560 --> 0:51:34.719
<v Speaker 1>were aware of what Allan Doulas was getting up to,

0:51:34.840 --> 0:51:39.560
<v Speaker 1>and they tried to stop McKittrick. Treasury Secretary Henry morganthal Jr.

0:51:39.640 --> 0:51:42.400
<v Speaker 1>Hated the man and pushed the administration to block b

0:51:42.560 --> 0:51:45.560
<v Speaker 1>i S funds from being used in the United States.

0:51:45.920 --> 0:51:49.960
<v Speaker 1>McKittrick hired Foster Doulas to be his lawyer, and Foster

0:51:50.160 --> 0:51:53.840
<v Speaker 1>was able to reverse Morgan Thou's order. In nineteen forty three,

0:51:53.920 --> 0:51:56.800
<v Speaker 1>McKittrick even traveled to the United States for a banquet

0:51:56.840 --> 0:52:00.840
<v Speaker 1>in his honor, hosted by executives from General Motors, Standard Oil,

0:52:01.040 --> 0:52:03.600
<v Speaker 1>and other companies that had profited from aiding the Nazi

0:52:03.640 --> 0:52:06.080
<v Speaker 1>war effort and were grateful that McKittrick had gotten their

0:52:06.080 --> 0:52:09.359
<v Speaker 1>money out of the country. Now, as World War Two

0:52:09.440 --> 0:52:12.440
<v Speaker 1>drew to a close, McKittrick and Allan Dulas would collaborate

0:52:12.440 --> 0:52:16.040
<v Speaker 1>on their shadiest venture yet from the Devil's Chessboard quote.

0:52:16.719 --> 0:52:19.160
<v Speaker 1>In the final months of the conflict, the men collaborated

0:52:19.200 --> 0:52:22.960
<v Speaker 1>against a Roosevelt operation called Project safe Haven that sought

0:52:22.960 --> 0:52:26.040
<v Speaker 1>to track down and confiscate Nazi assets that were stashed

0:52:26.040 --> 0:52:29.960
<v Speaker 1>in neutral countries. Administration officials feared that by hiding their

0:52:29.960 --> 0:52:32.640
<v Speaker 1>ill gotten wealth, members of the German elite planned to

0:52:32.719 --> 0:52:35.040
<v Speaker 1>bide their time after the war and would then try

0:52:35.040 --> 0:52:39.400
<v Speaker 1>to regain power. Morgan Thaous Treasury Department team, which spearheaded

0:52:39.440 --> 0:52:42.080
<v Speaker 1>Projects safe Haven, reached out to the OSS and b

0:52:42.239 --> 0:52:45.120
<v Speaker 1>I s for assistance, but Dullas and McKittrick were more

0:52:45.120 --> 0:52:48.719
<v Speaker 1>inclined to protect their client's interests. Moreover, like many in

0:52:48.760 --> 0:52:52.200
<v Speaker 1>the upper echelons of US finance and National security, Dullas

0:52:52.239 --> 0:52:54.720
<v Speaker 1>believed that a good number of these powerful German figures

0:52:54.719 --> 0:52:57.520
<v Speaker 1>should be returned to post war power to ensure that

0:52:57.600 --> 0:53:00.840
<v Speaker 1>Germany would be a strong bulwark against the Soviet Union,

0:53:02.040 --> 0:53:05.759
<v Speaker 1>and working with McKittrick, Alan Dulas was hugely successful installing

0:53:05.800 --> 0:53:09.759
<v Speaker 1>Projects safe Haven and ensuring that many surviving Nazi collaborators

0:53:10.120 --> 0:53:14.080
<v Speaker 1>escaped the war with their fortunes intact. But you know

0:53:14.160 --> 0:53:18.560
<v Speaker 1>who didn't escape the war their fortunes intact? The products

0:53:18.560 --> 0:53:21.680
<v Speaker 1>and services here's here's some fucking ads. You know what

0:53:21.680 --> 0:53:30.320
<v Speaker 1>we're doing here. So we're back and we're talking about

0:53:30.440 --> 0:53:34.560
<v Speaker 1>how Alan Dulas helped get Nazi money out of Europe

0:53:34.600 --> 0:53:37.920
<v Speaker 1>and helped Nazi collaborators escaped the war with their all

0:53:37.920 --> 0:53:41.360
<v Speaker 1>their money. So Foster was also involved in the protecting

0:53:41.440 --> 0:53:44.880
<v Speaker 1>Nazi fortunes game, working from New York. He used the

0:53:44.960 --> 0:53:47.399
<v Speaker 1>kind of corporate bullshit math people like him are great

0:53:47.440 --> 0:53:49.840
<v Speaker 1>at to hide the US assets of I. G. Farban

0:53:50.160 --> 0:53:53.120
<v Speaker 1>Merk and other German cartels that legally should have been

0:53:53.120 --> 0:53:57.279
<v Speaker 1>confiscated by the federal government. David Talbot writes, quote, some

0:53:57.440 --> 0:54:00.560
<v Speaker 1>of Foster's legal origami allowed the Nazi regime to create

0:54:00.600 --> 0:54:03.440
<v Speaker 1>bottlenecks in the production of essential war materials such as

0:54:03.480 --> 0:54:06.800
<v Speaker 1>dies diesel fuel injection motors that the US military needed

0:54:06.800 --> 0:54:09.960
<v Speaker 1>for trucks, submarines, and airplanes. By the end of the war,

0:54:10.120 --> 0:54:13.240
<v Speaker 1>many of Foster's clients were under investigation by the Justice

0:54:13.280 --> 0:54:17.000
<v Speaker 1>Department's Anti Trust Division, and Foster himself was under scrutiny

0:54:17.040 --> 0:54:20.080
<v Speaker 1>for collaboration with the enemy. But Foster's brother was guarding

0:54:20.080 --> 0:54:22.880
<v Speaker 1>his back from his frontline position in Europe. Allen was

0:54:22.920 --> 0:54:25.839
<v Speaker 1>well placed to destroy incriminating evidence and to block any

0:54:25.880 --> 0:54:28.920
<v Speaker 1>investigations that threatened the two brothers and their law firm.

0:54:29.080 --> 0:54:31.920
<v Speaker 1>Shredding of captured Nazi records was the favorite tactic of

0:54:32.000 --> 0:54:34.799
<v Speaker 1>Dullus and his associates, who stayed behind to help run

0:54:34.840 --> 0:54:39.040
<v Speaker 1>the occupation of post war Germany. Observed Nazi hunter John Loftus,

0:54:39.040 --> 0:54:42.040
<v Speaker 1>who poured through numerous war documents related to the Dullus

0:54:42.080 --> 0:54:44.680
<v Speaker 1>brothers when he served as US Prosecutor in the Justice

0:54:44.680 --> 0:54:49.920
<v Speaker 1>Department under President Jimmy Carter. So pretty cool brothers all

0:54:49.960 --> 0:54:55.160
<v Speaker 1>all together. It's hard to overstate that the fact that

0:54:55.200 --> 0:54:58.359
<v Speaker 1>even before, for people that are not World War two

0:54:58.560 --> 0:55:03.279
<v Speaker 1>history bus, the fear of the Soviet Union and the

0:55:03.320 --> 0:55:09.200
<v Speaker 1>beginning of the Cold War started before World War Two

0:55:09.320 --> 0:55:11.480
<v Speaker 1>was over. We're not going to get off into the

0:55:11.600 --> 0:55:14.080
<v Speaker 1>use of the atomic bomb, and how part of that

0:55:14.320 --> 0:55:17.799
<v Speaker 1>had to do with positioning with jockey for position with

0:55:17.840 --> 0:55:21.880
<v Speaker 1>the Soviets, and everyone knew what was coming next, or

0:55:21.880 --> 0:55:23.840
<v Speaker 1>at least the people who pulled the strings of Howard

0:55:23.920 --> 0:55:25.880
<v Speaker 1>knew what was coming next, that you were going to

0:55:25.960 --> 0:55:33.480
<v Speaker 1>transition neatly from this war right into possibly Okay, when

0:55:33.480 --> 0:55:36.359
<v Speaker 1>we set up the Manhattan Project, we didn't set up

0:55:36.400 --> 0:55:39.520
<v Speaker 1>a project to build two bombs. We set up to

0:55:39.560 --> 0:55:42.960
<v Speaker 1>build a whole bunch of them, because even though we

0:55:43.040 --> 0:55:45.320
<v Speaker 1>knew it wasn't gonna take a whole bunch to defeat

0:55:45.440 --> 0:55:50.320
<v Speaker 1>Nazi Germany, those were being built for whatever was coming

0:55:50.360 --> 0:55:54.280
<v Speaker 1>with the Soviets. So the fact that they so quickly

0:55:54.440 --> 0:55:57.439
<v Speaker 1>pivoted from okay, we've beaten the Nazis. Now we need

0:55:57.480 --> 0:56:03.520
<v Speaker 1>to protect what of her business interests against the whatever

0:56:03.600 --> 0:56:05.920
<v Speaker 1>is coming from the threat of communism, which is going

0:56:05.960 --> 0:56:09.719
<v Speaker 1>to inform these guys entire worldview right of the next

0:56:09.719 --> 0:56:14.480
<v Speaker 1>couple of decades that they're alive. That happened immediately, like

0:56:14.880 --> 0:56:17.720
<v Speaker 1>as the World War Two was winding down, the people

0:56:17.760 --> 0:56:21.080
<v Speaker 1>who would be the Cold warriors were already kind of

0:56:21.120 --> 0:56:24.640
<v Speaker 1>getting into position. Yeah, and that's a big part of

0:56:24.680 --> 0:56:28.040
<v Speaker 1>what's happening here now. The death of Franklin delan Or

0:56:28.120 --> 0:56:30.560
<v Speaker 1>Roosevelt immediately prior to the end of World War Two

0:56:30.800 --> 0:56:34.440
<v Speaker 1>was hugely fortunate for the Dullest brothers. David Talbot argues

0:56:34.480 --> 0:56:37.480
<v Speaker 1>that had FDR survived the war, they probably would have

0:56:37.520 --> 0:56:41.880
<v Speaker 1>faced criminal charges. Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg, who served

0:56:41.880 --> 0:56:45.280
<v Speaker 1>with Allan in the OSS, later claimed that both brothers

0:56:45.320 --> 0:56:48.240
<v Speaker 1>were guilty of treason during World War Two, and again,

0:56:48.480 --> 0:56:51.799
<v Speaker 1>Supreme Court Justice, you know, like not not, this is

0:56:51.800 --> 0:56:54.919
<v Speaker 1>not a fringe attitude that these guys committed treason during

0:56:54.960 --> 0:56:57.760
<v Speaker 1>the war. Um, but of course they were not punished.

0:56:57.960 --> 0:57:00.920
<v Speaker 1>When the war ended. Alan stayed on with the OSS.

0:57:01.360 --> 0:57:03.759
<v Speaker 1>His first two jobs were to gather evidence that could

0:57:03.800 --> 0:57:08.480
<v Speaker 1>be used in the Nuremberg War crimes trials, and his

0:57:08.560 --> 0:57:12.360
<v Speaker 1>other job was to bring Nazi spy master Reinhard Galen

0:57:12.480 --> 0:57:15.160
<v Speaker 1>into the OSS to help them spy on the Soviets.

0:57:15.440 --> 0:57:18.400
<v Speaker 1>So his jobs are both find evidence about these Nazi

0:57:18.440 --> 0:57:20.640
<v Speaker 1>war criminals who we can prosecute them, and you know

0:57:20.680 --> 0:57:25.520
<v Speaker 1>this guy who ran the Nazi secret police, hire him,

0:57:25.560 --> 0:57:27.840
<v Speaker 1>not again, not the only Nazi who's going to be

0:57:28.080 --> 0:57:33.960
<v Speaker 1>getting by. It was a whole it was a whole thing,

0:57:33.360 --> 0:57:37.120
<v Speaker 1>whole Well, if you know American history, the line between

0:57:37.200 --> 0:57:40.680
<v Speaker 1>behavior that will get you executed for treason and that

0:57:40.720 --> 0:57:43.160
<v Speaker 1>will get you put in charge of the country is

0:57:43.200 --> 0:57:47.920
<v Speaker 1>surprisingly blurry. Yeah, it's it really is on which side

0:57:47.960 --> 0:57:50.440
<v Speaker 1>of that line you can land on any given moment.

0:57:51.240 --> 0:57:55.080
<v Speaker 1>Uh yeah, And it's some speaking of other Nazis, there's

0:57:55.080 --> 0:57:57.760
<v Speaker 1>a TV show out now called for All Mankind that's

0:57:57.800 --> 0:57:59.680
<v Speaker 1>like an un alternate history of like what if the

0:57:59.760 --> 0:58:01.400
<v Speaker 1>so it has gotten to the moon first? And it

0:58:01.440 --> 0:58:04.240
<v Speaker 1>kind of reimagines the space race, you know, and how

0:58:04.240 --> 0:58:06.760
<v Speaker 1>it would have changed as a result of that. Um.

0:58:06.840 --> 0:58:09.280
<v Speaker 1>One of the guys, a real guy who was probably

0:58:09.320 --> 0:58:11.960
<v Speaker 1>the single man most responsible for the U S rocket

0:58:12.000 --> 0:58:15.000
<v Speaker 1>program was Werner von Brown, who built the Nazi V

0:58:15.120 --> 0:58:18.040
<v Speaker 1>two rockets. UM. And there's a couple of really good

0:58:18.080 --> 0:58:20.400
<v Speaker 1>scenes with Von Brown in the show, UM that I

0:58:20.440 --> 0:58:24.280
<v Speaker 1>actually think, do a do do? Do him do justice

0:58:24.280 --> 0:58:26.680
<v Speaker 1>to what he did? But yeah, you're right, Jason, this

0:58:26.760 --> 0:58:30.000
<v Speaker 1>is a ton of guys that they do this with. UM.

0:58:30.040 --> 0:58:32.320
<v Speaker 1>But it's interesting to me that Alan's job is both

0:58:32.360 --> 0:58:35.120
<v Speaker 1>to find evidence about Nazi war crimes and to hire

0:58:35.160 --> 0:58:38.360
<v Speaker 1>a Nazi spy master. UM. And we'll talk about Reinhard

0:58:38.400 --> 0:58:41.480
<v Speaker 1>Galen a little more in the next episode. UM. So

0:58:41.680 --> 0:58:46.440
<v Speaker 1>Allen worked on these tasks until September, when President Harry

0:58:46.440 --> 0:58:50.800
<v Speaker 1>Truman signed in order abolishing the OSS. During the war,

0:58:50.960 --> 0:58:54.040
<v Speaker 1>the agency had accumulated a number of secret powers that

0:58:54.080 --> 0:58:56.840
<v Speaker 1>were seen as necessary for the survival of the nation.

0:58:57.400 --> 0:59:00.600
<v Speaker 1>Truman was worried that these powers in peacetime might be

0:59:00.680 --> 0:59:04.880
<v Speaker 1>a threat to American democracy. He transferred the OSS research

0:59:05.000 --> 0:59:07.800
<v Speaker 1>Unit to the State Department and its espionage units to

0:59:07.800 --> 0:59:11.480
<v Speaker 1>the War Department. Alan, Dulis and most of his fellow spooks, though,

0:59:11.720 --> 0:59:15.320
<v Speaker 1>found themselves out of a job. The years immediately following

0:59:15.320 --> 0:59:17.720
<v Speaker 1>World War Two were rough ones for Alan and Foster.

0:59:18.160 --> 0:59:21.240
<v Speaker 1>Allen was particularly unhappy with peace and spent his free

0:59:21.240 --> 0:59:24.680
<v Speaker 1>time writing letters to old Oss comrades and saying things like,

0:59:25.120 --> 0:59:28.080
<v Speaker 1>most of my time is spent reliving those exciting days.

0:59:28.600 --> 0:59:31.000
<v Speaker 1>So he's actually kind of depressed after World War Two

0:59:31.000 --> 0:59:32.840
<v Speaker 1>because he doesn't get to be a fun spy anymore.

0:59:33.600 --> 0:59:36.760
<v Speaker 1>Foster does better in the post war years. He expands

0:59:36.800 --> 0:59:39.600
<v Speaker 1>his reputation as a public intellectual. During the war, he

0:59:39.640 --> 0:59:42.640
<v Speaker 1>had been overcome by a new flowering of his Christian faith,

0:59:42.920 --> 0:59:45.680
<v Speaker 1>which led him to preach tolerance and forgiveness and urge

0:59:45.760 --> 0:59:49.600
<v Speaker 1>peace between the warring powers. But starting in late nineteen five,

0:59:49.680 --> 0:59:52.320
<v Speaker 1>he changed rapidly in the direction of a hawk. The

0:59:52.360 --> 0:59:55.040
<v Speaker 1>cause was, of course, the U. S. S R. From

0:59:55.080 --> 0:59:58.160
<v Speaker 1>the Brothers quote. In a series of articles for Life,

0:59:58.200 --> 1:00:00.400
<v Speaker 1>he painted a steadily more frightening pa sure of the

1:00:00.400 --> 1:00:03.160
<v Speaker 1>Soviet threat. His first major volley was a two part

1:00:03.200 --> 1:00:07.320
<v Speaker 1>series published in June ninety six entitled Thoughts on Soviet

1:00:07.360 --> 1:00:09.560
<v Speaker 1>Conduct and What to Do About It. In it, he

1:00:09.640 --> 1:00:12.760
<v Speaker 1>set the urgent tone that defined how he um, the

1:00:12.800 --> 1:00:16.000
<v Speaker 1>Republican and Democratic parties, and most Americans would view the

1:00:16.040 --> 1:00:20.080
<v Speaker 1>world for a generation. Soviet leaders, Foster wrote, had launched

1:00:20.080 --> 1:00:24.240
<v Speaker 1>a worldwide campaign that aimed to subjugate the West, to quote,

1:00:24.400 --> 1:00:27.600
<v Speaker 1>eliminate what are to us the essentials of a free society,

1:00:27.920 --> 1:00:31.120
<v Speaker 1>and to impose on conquered people's a system repugnant to

1:00:31.160 --> 1:00:34.960
<v Speaker 1>our ideals of humanity and fair play. Already, he asserted,

1:00:35.040 --> 1:00:37.440
<v Speaker 1>the Soviets had built a shadowy network of allies and

1:00:37.520 --> 1:00:40.640
<v Speaker 1>non communist countries who pretended to be patriots but in

1:00:40.720 --> 1:00:45.560
<v Speaker 1>reality take much guidance from Moscow. This made Soviet Communism

1:00:45.600 --> 1:00:49.400
<v Speaker 1>the unseen force directing nationalist movements in Asia, Africa and

1:00:49.520 --> 1:00:52.680
<v Speaker 1>Latin America. Never in history have a few men in

1:00:52.720 --> 1:00:58.040
<v Speaker 1>a single country achieved such worldwide influence, he concluded, And

1:00:58.120 --> 1:01:00.360
<v Speaker 1>here we go. This is a huge part of what

1:01:00.400 --> 1:01:03.480
<v Speaker 1>the John Birch society becomes. Right, And he's not a

1:01:03.480 --> 1:01:07.280
<v Speaker 1>fringe figure. The Birches are. He's not everything about that

1:01:07.320 --> 1:01:10.320
<v Speaker 1>we kind of take for granted about the way to

1:01:10.440 --> 1:01:14.000
<v Speaker 1>this day we talk about the world will eventually be

1:01:14.080 --> 1:01:18.760
<v Speaker 1>either all communist or it will be all America. It

1:01:18.800 --> 1:01:21.160
<v Speaker 1>will all be America. There will there will either be

1:01:22.520 --> 1:01:24.840
<v Speaker 1>Chick fil A restaurants in every country in the world,

1:01:25.000 --> 1:01:27.439
<v Speaker 1>or else we will all fall to China. But the

1:01:27.440 --> 1:01:30.960
<v Speaker 1>the the idea that the world will eventually be all

1:01:31.080 --> 1:01:35.320
<v Speaker 1>one thing or all the other. This is where it starts,

1:01:35.640 --> 1:01:39.840
<v Speaker 1>and once that idea takes hold, to this day we

1:01:39.880 --> 1:01:43.480
<v Speaker 1>still live under that. When you know, when nine eleven happened,

1:01:44.000 --> 1:01:46.960
<v Speaker 1>there was no thought of attacking that as this is

1:01:47.000 --> 1:01:49.280
<v Speaker 1>a single terrorist group and these people need to be

1:01:49.360 --> 1:01:53.600
<v Speaker 1>arrested and rooted out. It's no this is worldwide Islam,

1:01:54.120 --> 1:01:57.640
<v Speaker 1>that we must fight a war everywhere because the whole

1:01:57.720 --> 1:02:01.640
<v Speaker 1>world will either be under the umbrella of al Qaeda,

1:02:02.000 --> 1:02:04.240
<v Speaker 1>or else the whole world will be under the umbrella

1:02:04.280 --> 1:02:08.440
<v Speaker 1>of American Christianity and capitalism. And there is like this

1:02:08.520 --> 1:02:13.120
<v Speaker 1>idea that it's everywhere, the enemy is everywhere, and the

1:02:13.240 --> 1:02:18.560
<v Speaker 1>we must therefore also be everywhere. We must have spies everywhere,

1:02:18.560 --> 1:02:21.520
<v Speaker 1>we must have bases everywhere. This, in my view, is

1:02:21.520 --> 1:02:24.520
<v Speaker 1>where it starts. It's so important to note that, Jason,

1:02:25.320 --> 1:02:30.120
<v Speaker 1>because that didn't used to be how conflict work, right,

1:02:30.400 --> 1:02:33.560
<v Speaker 1>They didn't. It didn't. It's you like, it didn't always

1:02:33.640 --> 1:02:35.760
<v Speaker 1>have to be like, Okay, well, this group of people

1:02:35.760 --> 1:02:38.439
<v Speaker 1>has attacked us, which means we're now in an existential

1:02:38.480 --> 1:02:42.280
<v Speaker 1>struggle for the future of the entire human race. Um.

1:02:42.320 --> 1:02:45.800
<v Speaker 1>But that's the only place the rhetoric goes now, Like

1:02:45.840 --> 1:02:48.040
<v Speaker 1>instantly now down to the point where like people are

1:02:48.240 --> 1:02:49.840
<v Speaker 1>there are people who will talk that way about like

1:02:49.880 --> 1:02:53.120
<v Speaker 1>fucking cancel culture right that it's like the start of

1:02:53.160 --> 1:02:57.480
<v Speaker 1>this slide into a totalitarian healthscape, because that's that's just

1:02:57.560 --> 1:03:00.000
<v Speaker 1>where once you raise the rhetoric to that level, it's

1:03:00.120 --> 1:03:02.080
<v Speaker 1>it's I mean, for one thing, it's unprofitable to have

1:03:02.160 --> 1:03:04.080
<v Speaker 1>it be anywhere lower, right, You're just not going to

1:03:04.120 --> 1:03:06.160
<v Speaker 1>get people interested, and then you don't make that sweet

1:03:06.200 --> 1:03:11.360
<v Speaker 1>sub stack money. Are you gonna get on substack? Jason,

1:03:13.120 --> 1:03:17.280
<v Speaker 1>I don't. I don't know. It's I've heard it will

1:03:17.320 --> 1:03:20.200
<v Speaker 1>come down to how it's CMS is set up. Is

1:03:20.200 --> 1:03:23.640
<v Speaker 1>it easy to use? I don't know, but yeah, I'm

1:03:23.680 --> 1:03:26.600
<v Speaker 1>thinking about it. I think I think, I think I could.

1:03:26.640 --> 1:03:29.680
<v Speaker 1>I could just take a Glenn Greenwald turn um do

1:03:29.800 --> 1:03:32.960
<v Speaker 1>pretty well on that. You have to get canceled first,

1:03:33.080 --> 1:03:38.360
<v Speaker 1>and then you have to make getting canceled your entire personality.

1:03:38.800 --> 1:03:40.960
<v Speaker 1>There are people who have tried to cancel me because

1:03:41.000 --> 1:03:44.440
<v Speaker 1>there's certain I'm a CIA asset um, which is why

1:03:44.480 --> 1:03:47.720
<v Speaker 1>I'm doing this episode to provide good pr for my employers.

1:03:51.800 --> 1:03:55.720
<v Speaker 1>Good stuff. So Foster's writing was influential and formed a

1:03:55.720 --> 1:03:58.280
<v Speaker 1>major part of the glow growing belief among US leaders

1:03:58.280 --> 1:04:00.800
<v Speaker 1>that the Soviet Union was hell bent on world domination.

1:04:01.200 --> 1:04:04.600
<v Speaker 1>Despite his antipathy to the Dulles brothers, Truman embraced this idea.

1:04:04.800 --> 1:04:07.880
<v Speaker 1>In seven he spoke before a joint session of Congress

1:04:07.880 --> 1:04:11.960
<v Speaker 1>and declared totalitarian regimes imposed on free people's by direct

1:04:12.040 --> 1:04:15.520
<v Speaker 1>or indirect aggression undermine the foundations of international peace and

1:04:15.560 --> 1:04:18.920
<v Speaker 1>hence the security of the United States. He asked Congress

1:04:18.960 --> 1:04:21.680
<v Speaker 1>for four hundred million dollars in military aid to give

1:04:21.720 --> 1:04:26.000
<v Speaker 1>to nations with growing communist movements in order to suppress them. Obviously,

1:04:26.320 --> 1:04:28.920
<v Speaker 1>this marked the start of the Truman doctrine and what

1:04:29.040 --> 1:04:32.120
<v Speaker 1>many historians will name as the opening salvo of the

1:04:32.160 --> 1:04:35.360
<v Speaker 1>Cold War. Now, while Foster was beating the drums of

1:04:35.400 --> 1:04:37.640
<v Speaker 1>conflict with the U S. S R. Alan and his

1:04:37.680 --> 1:04:41.360
<v Speaker 1>old OSS buddies were tramping around Washington talking to any

1:04:41.400 --> 1:04:43.920
<v Speaker 1>elected leader who would listen about the pressing need for

1:04:43.960 --> 1:04:48.280
<v Speaker 1>a peacetime intelligence agency. The United States had never had

1:04:48.320 --> 1:04:51.120
<v Speaker 1>anything like that, but Dullis and his friends went further,

1:04:51.320 --> 1:04:54.840
<v Speaker 1>insisting that this new agency should have secret powers greater

1:04:54.920 --> 1:04:58.160
<v Speaker 1>than even the OSS had enjoyed. This new agency would

1:04:58.200 --> 1:05:01.400
<v Speaker 1>be different from anything that had insisted before then. Now,

1:05:01.440 --> 1:05:04.640
<v Speaker 1>at the time, the standard among national intelligence agencies was

1:05:04.680 --> 1:05:09.000
<v Speaker 1>that you kept intelligence gathering separate from analysis and action.

1:05:09.120 --> 1:05:12.120
<v Speaker 1>So one group of people gets the information, another group

1:05:12.120 --> 1:05:14.400
<v Speaker 1>of people decides what to do about it and actually

1:05:14.440 --> 1:05:17.080
<v Speaker 1>acts based on it. Right, a kind of a separation

1:05:17.080 --> 1:05:20.240
<v Speaker 1>of powers, so you don't have an all powerful organization

1:05:20.760 --> 1:05:24.800
<v Speaker 1>gathering information and overthrowing governments of its own accord um,

1:05:24.840 --> 1:05:29.160
<v Speaker 1>you know. Not a bad idea, Uh again, Yeah, it

1:05:29.280 --> 1:05:32.760
<v Speaker 1>was one of the reasons people didn't want these things

1:05:32.760 --> 1:05:34.040
<v Speaker 1>to be tied, as they thought it would lead to

1:05:34.040 --> 1:05:37.960
<v Speaker 1>a situation where operatives gathering information would bias the information

1:05:38.000 --> 1:05:41.400
<v Speaker 1>they gathered towards whatever actions they already wanted to take.

1:05:42.120 --> 1:05:45.320
<v Speaker 1>During World War Two, the OSS had ignored this traditional

1:05:45.360 --> 1:05:47.960
<v Speaker 1>dividing line and justified it because they were you know,

1:05:47.960 --> 1:05:50.040
<v Speaker 1>it was World War Two. The situation was extreme. We

1:05:50.080 --> 1:05:53.200
<v Speaker 1>gotta do what we gotta do. Dullis and their fellows, though,

1:05:53.440 --> 1:05:56.960
<v Speaker 1>wanted this new agency Truman was establishing to retain this

1:05:57.080 --> 1:06:01.920
<v Speaker 1>power in peace time. Now, after disbanding the OSS, President

1:06:01.920 --> 1:06:05.560
<v Speaker 1>Truman had formed an organization called the Central Intelligence Group

1:06:05.720 --> 1:06:08.680
<v Speaker 1>to advise him to advise him on intelligence matters. It

1:06:08.760 --> 1:06:11.400
<v Speaker 1>had no authority to carry out operations. It was just

1:06:11.480 --> 1:06:16.560
<v Speaker 1>about keeping the president informed. Alan Basically, Alan Dolis decides, Okay,

1:06:16.600 --> 1:06:19.000
<v Speaker 1>we've got this thing, the c i G. Maybe the

1:06:19.000 --> 1:06:21.600
<v Speaker 1>way to get what I want to establish a new

1:06:21.640 --> 1:06:24.840
<v Speaker 1>OSS is to expand what the c i G can do.

1:06:24.920 --> 1:06:27.360
<v Speaker 1>Because Truman's already willing to make the c i G

1:06:27.520 --> 1:06:29.680
<v Speaker 1>B a thing, I could just gradually push it to

1:06:29.720 --> 1:06:33.240
<v Speaker 1>have more and more power. In nineteen forty six, Republicans

1:06:33.280 --> 1:06:36.840
<v Speaker 1>won big and congressional elections. This gave the old OSS

1:06:36.920 --> 1:06:40.360
<v Speaker 1>men like Alan the leverage they needed. In nine seven,

1:06:40.360 --> 1:06:43.160
<v Speaker 1>they succeeded in pushing a bill through Congress that established

1:06:43.160 --> 1:06:46.360
<v Speaker 1>a National Security Council to advise the president on foreign

1:06:46.400 --> 1:06:50.920
<v Speaker 1>policy and a Central Intelligence Agency to gather intel and

1:06:51.080 --> 1:06:53.080
<v Speaker 1>act on it. That's what the c i G became.

1:06:53.520 --> 1:06:56.480
<v Speaker 1>According to one write up of the deliberations behind this bill,

1:06:56.560 --> 1:07:00.760
<v Speaker 1>collected by Stephen Kinzer, quote, there were strong objections to

1:07:00.800 --> 1:07:03.400
<v Speaker 1>having a single agency with the authority to both collect

1:07:03.440 --> 1:07:06.800
<v Speaker 1>secret intelligence and to process and evaluate it for the president.

1:07:07.240 --> 1:07:10.400
<v Speaker 1>The objections were overruled, and the CIA became a unique

1:07:10.480 --> 1:07:14.760
<v Speaker 1>organization among Western intelligence services, which uniformly keep their secret

1:07:14.800 --> 1:07:19.720
<v Speaker 1>operations separate from their overall intelligence activities. Now, the National

1:07:19.760 --> 1:07:23.000
<v Speaker 1>Security Act also contained a key clause which was worded

1:07:23.080 --> 1:07:25.840
<v Speaker 1>vaguely enough to give the new agency a frightening amount

1:07:25.840 --> 1:07:29.880
<v Speaker 1>of leeway. The CIA was authorized to carry out not

1:07:30.000 --> 1:07:34.040
<v Speaker 1>only duties explicitly spelled out by the law, but also

1:07:34.200 --> 1:07:38.360
<v Speaker 1>quote such other functions and duties related to intelligence affecting

1:07:38.360 --> 1:07:41.840
<v Speaker 1>the national security as the National Security Council made from

1:07:41.840 --> 1:07:45.800
<v Speaker 1>time to time direct This technically meant that the agency

1:07:45.880 --> 1:07:50.520
<v Speaker 1>could take any action anywhere on Earth with the President's approval.

1:07:51.240 --> 1:07:58.480
<v Speaker 1>And they did, and they share did Uh. And we're

1:07:58.480 --> 1:08:02.200
<v Speaker 1>gonna talk about that Jason in part three, But for now,

1:08:02.320 --> 1:08:07.120
<v Speaker 1>we're going to talk about you. Yes, my most recent

1:08:07.160 --> 1:08:11.040
<v Speaker 1>book is called Zoe Punches the Future and the Dick. Uh.

1:08:11.160 --> 1:08:15.040
<v Speaker 1>If you're dissuaded by that title or by my personality,

1:08:15.560 --> 1:08:18.679
<v Speaker 1>read the read or reviews. Okay, all very good, They're

1:08:18.680 --> 1:08:24.360
<v Speaker 1>all good, or just pretend it's called Weathering Heights. Yeah,

1:08:24.439 --> 1:08:27.719
<v Speaker 1>that's actually my fifth novel. I've got a bunch out there. Uh.

1:08:27.920 --> 1:08:30.720
<v Speaker 1>The online booksellers make it very easy to find them

1:08:30.720 --> 1:08:35.120
<v Speaker 1>because they'll all be gathered together. Otherwise, I'm on all

1:08:35.160 --> 1:08:38.160
<v Speaker 1>of the social media platforms Just google my name. It's

1:08:38.560 --> 1:08:43.559
<v Speaker 1>they'll come up. Yeah, google Jason's name, find him, find

1:08:43.600 --> 1:08:47.519
<v Speaker 1>his books, find him. You know, be your own. See

1:08:47.520 --> 1:08:50.200
<v Speaker 1>I be the CIA you want to see in the world.

1:09:00.680 --> 1:09:00.920
<v Speaker 1>Eight