1 00:00:04,200 --> 00:00:06,640 Speaker 1: In this episode of News World, we're going to look 2 00:00:06,640 --> 00:00:10,119 Speaker 1: at somebody who dealt head on with student unrest on 3 00:00:10,200 --> 00:00:14,040 Speaker 1: college campus. I was very struck when I watched the 4 00:00:14,240 --> 00:00:21,360 Speaker 1: rebellion against America spread from campus to campus, students occupying buildings, 5 00:00:21,760 --> 00:00:24,479 Speaker 1: and I was reminded that we went through all of 6 00:00:24,520 --> 00:00:28,160 Speaker 1: this fifty six years ago, that we had, in fact, 7 00:00:28,760 --> 00:00:33,800 Speaker 1: the students at Columbia occupy Hamilton Hall on April thirtieth, 8 00:00:33,920 --> 00:00:37,640 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty eight, and fifty six years later, on the 9 00:00:37,720 --> 00:00:42,120 Speaker 1: same day, pro Palestinian activist took over Hamilton Hall again. 10 00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:46,280 Speaker 1: Now we've seen protests erupt in I think twenty four 11 00:00:46,320 --> 00:00:50,960 Speaker 1: different states on forty four campuses. Several thousand students have 12 00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:55,360 Speaker 1: been arrested and non students, as we're discovering at this stage, 13 00:00:55,720 --> 00:00:59,319 Speaker 1: and I suspect this is far from being over. And 14 00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:06,200 Speaker 1: I was reminded of the most famous confrontations involving students 15 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:10,919 Speaker 1: trying to take over and shape society by dominating their campuses, 16 00:01:11,319 --> 00:01:14,759 Speaker 1: and that was starting with Berkeley in the nineteen sixties. 17 00:01:15,160 --> 00:01:18,760 Speaker 1: And the person who stood up against the campus protests 18 00:01:19,319 --> 00:01:22,240 Speaker 1: was Governor Ronald Reagan. And so I wanted to vote 19 00:01:22,319 --> 00:01:26,880 Speaker 1: this podcast to Governor Reagan and how he dealt with 20 00:01:27,040 --> 00:01:30,319 Speaker 1: student unrest, both as a candidate and then as governor 21 00:01:30,360 --> 00:01:33,360 Speaker 1: of California. I think there are a lot of lessons 22 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:37,840 Speaker 1: that today's university leaders and political leaders could learn by 23 00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:52,360 Speaker 1: studying what Governor Reagan did. The governor's campaign when he 24 00:01:52,440 --> 00:01:56,800 Speaker 1: began in nineteen sixty five against presumably a very popular 25 00:01:56,880 --> 00:02:01,160 Speaker 1: incumbent who had defeated Richard Nixon in nineteen sixty two 26 00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:05,160 Speaker 1: by over a million votes, Edmund pat Brown. His son, 27 00:02:05,240 --> 00:02:08,800 Speaker 1: later Jerry Brown, became governor, and Pat Brown was in 28 00:02:08,800 --> 00:02:11,600 Speaker 1: its very tough to defeat. And that was a period 29 00:02:11,600 --> 00:02:15,679 Speaker 1: when actors weren't in the habit yet of running for office, 30 00:02:15,760 --> 00:02:20,040 Speaker 1: and so Reagan's advisors, who included the most famous consulting 31 00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:25,119 Speaker 1: firm in California, decided that he had to go out 32 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:29,000 Speaker 1: and do town hall meetings and answer questions and prove 33 00:02:29,080 --> 00:02:32,200 Speaker 1: that he knew enough to be governor. Now. The way 34 00:02:32,200 --> 00:02:34,280 Speaker 1: they developed that is they had a large shoe box 35 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:37,760 Speaker 1: filled with four x six cards, and each card represented 36 00:02:37,800 --> 00:02:41,000 Speaker 1: an answer on an issue. Reagan, being a professional actor, 37 00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:44,840 Speaker 1: could memorize the entire shoebox with amazing speed, and so 38 00:02:44,960 --> 00:02:47,480 Speaker 1: he was ready. He goes out to the first town 39 00:02:47,520 --> 00:02:52,960 Speaker 1: hall meeting and the audience asked him about Berkeley. Wasn't 40 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:55,560 Speaker 1: one of the cards. And he goes back and he 41 00:02:55,639 --> 00:02:59,480 Speaker 1: tells the consultants and they say, oh, you know, that's 42 00:02:59,560 --> 00:03:03,120 Speaker 1: not really an issue. Then he goes to the second 43 00:03:03,160 --> 00:03:06,640 Speaker 1: town hall meeting and once again, first question, what are 44 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:09,960 Speaker 1: you going to do about Berkeley? And he doesn't have 45 00:03:09,960 --> 00:03:12,239 Speaker 1: an answer to the cards. He gives his instinctive answer, 46 00:03:12,240 --> 00:03:14,200 Speaker 1: which became what he did for the rest of the campaign. 47 00:03:14,880 --> 00:03:17,360 Speaker 1: Goes back and sees his consultants and they say, you know, 48 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:19,400 Speaker 1: we really don't think it's an issue. And he has 49 00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:22,480 Speaker 1: this great line where he says, look, if they think 50 00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:26,880 Speaker 1: it's an issue, we think it's an issue because they 51 00:03:27,080 --> 00:03:29,799 Speaker 1: get to define what the issues are. And that also 52 00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:33,080 Speaker 1: reflected Reagan's whole attitude for his presidency that it was 53 00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:35,560 Speaker 1: the people who mattered, and you had to know what 54 00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:38,240 Speaker 1: the people wanted. But let's listen for a second, and 55 00:03:38,360 --> 00:03:43,800 Speaker 1: the June sixteenth, nineteen sixty nine KQED news interview, Reagan 56 00:03:43,880 --> 00:03:47,520 Speaker 1: described what had happened and how it became an issue. 57 00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:50,720 Speaker 2: Let's just straighten the record on something the people of 58 00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:54,600 Speaker 2: California made this an issue I did not. I campaigned 59 00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:57,360 Speaker 2: in the primary on a basis of question and answer. 60 00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:01,960 Speaker 2: In every public appearance, I opened myself being a new 61 00:04:03,560 --> 00:04:05,920 Speaker 2: factor on the political scene, and with people having no 62 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:09,360 Speaker 2: political record by which to judge, I threw myself open 63 00:04:09,360 --> 00:04:11,880 Speaker 2: to questions in audiences that went from three thousand to 64 00:04:11,960 --> 00:04:17,960 Speaker 2: thirty in size, And it became apparent for a certain 65 00:04:17,960 --> 00:04:20,200 Speaker 2: period of time that the first question that was going 66 00:04:20,240 --> 00:04:22,160 Speaker 2: to be asked of me was with regard to the 67 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:23,839 Speaker 2: University of California at Berkeley. 68 00:04:24,480 --> 00:04:28,920 Speaker 1: The fact is, the students at Berkeley had created the issue, 69 00:04:29,600 --> 00:04:32,920 Speaker 1: and Reagan began to shape a position about it. And 70 00:04:33,160 --> 00:04:36,440 Speaker 1: when he became candidate for governor, in a formal way 71 00:04:36,839 --> 00:04:41,000 Speaker 1: on the fourth of January nineteen sixty six, he talked 72 00:04:41,040 --> 00:04:44,040 Speaker 1: about the protest, and this is Reagan on what was 73 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:45,040 Speaker 1: happening at Berkeley. 74 00:04:45,640 --> 00:04:47,880 Speaker 2: My criticism of the administration at the time, end of 75 00:04:47,880 --> 00:04:52,440 Speaker 2: the administration of the university was that there seemed to 76 00:04:52,480 --> 00:04:56,680 Speaker 2: be no action being taken except an action of complete retreat. 77 00:04:56,720 --> 00:04:58,520 Speaker 2: And as a matter of fact, my predecessor, on a 78 00:04:58,560 --> 00:05:01,240 Speaker 2: number of occasions defended the things that were going on 79 00:05:01,920 --> 00:05:06,520 Speaker 2: as being a worthwhile part of education. I hardly saw 80 00:05:06,520 --> 00:05:09,120 Speaker 2: it that way, and that was why I said that, 81 00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:13,400 Speaker 2: being on the outside, that I thought the answer might 82 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:17,400 Speaker 2: be a blue ribbon citizens committee to do some investigating 83 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:18,440 Speaker 2: and finding out. 84 00:05:19,240 --> 00:05:19,560 Speaker 1: Well. 85 00:05:19,800 --> 00:05:25,159 Speaker 2: With the change in presidents immediately after my coming into office, 86 00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:29,880 Speaker 2: this became not the best thing to do. It couldn't 87 00:05:29,880 --> 00:05:32,240 Speaker 2: go out seeking a new president while you were having 88 00:05:32,279 --> 00:05:35,480 Speaker 2: an investigation going on. By this time, I don't think 89 00:05:35,520 --> 00:05:38,960 Speaker 2: the investigation is required. We know what's going on in 90 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:39,600 Speaker 2: the campuses. 91 00:05:40,600 --> 00:05:43,120 Speaker 3: Back at the turn of the century, we embarked on 92 00:05:43,160 --> 00:05:47,080 Speaker 3: a master plan of education. It was truly a bipartisan 93 00:05:47,120 --> 00:05:51,680 Speaker 3: effort above political rivalry indifferences. Its principal architects were a 94 00:05:51,680 --> 00:05:56,760 Speaker 3: Democrat assembly woman and a Republican assemblyman. Believing in that plan, 95 00:05:57,360 --> 00:06:00,480 Speaker 3: Californians taxed themselves at a rate higher than any other 96 00:06:00,520 --> 00:06:04,760 Speaker 3: Americans to build a great university. But it takes more 97 00:06:04,800 --> 00:06:08,119 Speaker 3: than dollars in stately buildings. Or do we no longer 98 00:06:08,160 --> 00:06:12,760 Speaker 3: think it necessary to teach self respect, self discipline, and respect. 99 00:06:12,400 --> 00:06:13,200 Speaker 2: For law and order. 100 00:06:14,360 --> 00:06:16,640 Speaker 3: Will we allow a great university to be brought to 101 00:06:16,680 --> 00:06:20,280 Speaker 3: its knees by a noisy, dissident minority. Will we meet 102 00:06:20,320 --> 00:06:24,120 Speaker 3: their neurotic vulgarities with vacillation and weakness, Or will we 103 00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:28,080 Speaker 3: tell those entrusted with administering the university, we expect them 104 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:31,600 Speaker 3: to enforce a code based on decency, common sense, and 105 00:06:31,680 --> 00:06:34,600 Speaker 3: dedication to the high and noble purpose of that university. 106 00:06:35,279 --> 00:06:37,120 Speaker 3: That they will have the full support of all of 107 00:06:37,200 --> 00:06:41,000 Speaker 3: us as long as they do this. But we'll settle 108 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:41,799 Speaker 3: for nothing less. 109 00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:47,320 Speaker 1: Notice how unequivocal he is, will settle for nothing less? 110 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:50,719 Speaker 1: And he wanted them to enforce a code to them 111 00:06:50,760 --> 00:06:56,800 Speaker 1: being the university based on decency, common sense, and dedication 112 00:06:57,279 --> 00:07:01,200 Speaker 1: to the high and noble purpose of that university. That 113 00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:06,080 Speaker 1: whole line explains the difference between the cowards and the 114 00:07:06,160 --> 00:07:09,840 Speaker 1: left wingers who today can't stand up to the students 115 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:12,680 Speaker 1: more to their own faculty, and in many cases the 116 00:07:12,680 --> 00:07:18,360 Speaker 1: faculty are even worse than the students now. Reagan originally 117 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:21,480 Speaker 1: thought they would have a Blue Ribbon citizens committee to 118 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:25,240 Speaker 1: investigating what was happening in the university, but after getting elected, 119 00:07:25,520 --> 00:07:28,080 Speaker 1: he realized that was not the best way to approach it. 120 00:07:28,720 --> 00:07:32,320 Speaker 1: On May twelfth, nineteen sixty six, as a candidate, Reagan 121 00:07:32,360 --> 00:07:35,200 Speaker 1: gave a speech at the cow Palace in San Francisco 122 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:38,720 Speaker 1: on the cal Palace was the very famous auditorium where 123 00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:43,400 Speaker 1: Barry Goldwater had been nominated two years earlier. Reagan, in 124 00:07:43,440 --> 00:07:47,160 Speaker 1: that May twelfth speech, talked about leadership and the decency 125 00:07:47,200 --> 00:07:49,800 Speaker 1: gap at the University of California at Berkeley. 126 00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:53,800 Speaker 4: They're a school minority of beatnik's radicals and filthy speech 127 00:07:53,800 --> 00:07:57,080 Speaker 4: advocates have brought shame on a great university, so much 128 00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:02,720 Speaker 4: so that applications applications for enrollment have dropped twenty one percent, 129 00:08:02,760 --> 00:08:05,880 Speaker 4: and there's evidence they'll continue to drop even more. Now. 130 00:08:05,880 --> 00:08:10,400 Speaker 4: We've all read the press reportings of the report that 131 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:13,560 Speaker 4: was handed in by the Senate subcommittee, and it charges 132 00:08:14,080 --> 00:08:17,400 Speaker 4: that the campus has become a rallying point for communists 133 00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:19,320 Speaker 4: and a center for sexual misconduct. 134 00:08:19,920 --> 00:08:21,320 Speaker 5: I've never seen that report. 135 00:08:21,560 --> 00:08:23,840 Speaker 6: This is not only a sign of a leadership gap. 136 00:08:24,480 --> 00:08:25,640 Speaker 3: They're not the only sign. 137 00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:27,920 Speaker 2: It began a year ago when the so. 138 00:08:28,040 --> 00:08:31,160 Speaker 4: Called free speech advocates, who in truth have no appreciation 139 00:08:31,320 --> 00:08:33,760 Speaker 4: for freedom. 140 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:34,839 Speaker 5: We're allowed to. 141 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:37,120 Speaker 4: Assault and humiliate the symbol of law and order a 142 00:08:37,160 --> 00:08:38,280 Speaker 4: policeman on the campus. 143 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:39,959 Speaker 6: And that was the moment when the ring. 144 00:08:39,840 --> 00:08:41,640 Speaker 4: Leaders should have been taken to discoff of the neck 145 00:08:41,679 --> 00:08:43,520 Speaker 4: and thrown out of the university once before. 146 00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:47,160 Speaker 1: When you think about Reagan's description of a leadership gap, 147 00:08:47,520 --> 00:08:50,960 Speaker 1: and you look, for example, at Columbia University, you know 148 00:08:51,200 --> 00:08:55,640 Speaker 1: exactly how parallel these things are. You have presidency universities 149 00:08:55,840 --> 00:09:00,000 Speaker 1: who are intimidated by their faculty, intimidated by their students, 150 00:09:00,520 --> 00:09:03,959 Speaker 1: who were intimidated by foreign donors, and would just now 151 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:07,199 Speaker 1: begin to realize how much money is coming into these 152 00:09:07,320 --> 00:09:10,800 Speaker 1: universities from foreign countries, and, by the way, not being 153 00:09:10,840 --> 00:09:14,880 Speaker 1: reported even though they're legally required to. So Reagan decided 154 00:09:14,880 --> 00:09:18,160 Speaker 1: to take the university had on and in January nineteen 155 00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:21,920 Speaker 1: sixty seven, shortly after getting sworn in as governor, Reagan 156 00:09:21,960 --> 00:09:24,400 Speaker 1: proposed a plan which would cut the budget of the 157 00:09:24,480 --> 00:09:29,840 Speaker 1: University of California by twenty percent and start requiring tuition payments. 158 00:09:30,120 --> 00:09:32,200 Speaker 1: At the time, the students only had to pay one 159 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:35,520 Speaker 1: hundred and thirty five dollars a year in fees. Now, 160 00:09:35,559 --> 00:09:38,280 Speaker 1: on the Reagan plan, the tuition charge would be four 161 00:09:38,360 --> 00:09:41,040 Speaker 1: hundred dollars a year, with an additional two hundred and 162 00:09:41,040 --> 00:09:44,160 Speaker 1: seventy five dollars a year for in state students, but 163 00:09:44,200 --> 00:09:46,320 Speaker 1: it would be nine hundred and forty dollars a year 164 00:09:46,559 --> 00:09:50,520 Speaker 1: with additional fees for out of state students. In Reagan's mind, 165 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:54,880 Speaker 1: this was a state university and therefore was focused on 166 00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:58,679 Speaker 1: the students of the state of California. Even under the 167 00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:02,319 Speaker 1: Reagan plan, free tuition for some students would still be available, 168 00:10:02,640 --> 00:10:07,360 Speaker 1: but only for in state students. On January seventeenth, nineteen 169 00:10:07,400 --> 00:10:10,480 Speaker 1: sixty seven, still in his very first month as governor, 170 00:10:10,559 --> 00:10:13,680 Speaker 1: Governor Reagan issued a written statement on his plan to 171 00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:17,680 Speaker 1: raise tuition and cut the university budget. In that statement, 172 00:10:17,720 --> 00:10:21,480 Speaker 1: he said the following I'm quoting Governor Reagan as plainly 173 00:10:21,520 --> 00:10:23,680 Speaker 1: as we can. We have told the citizens of the 174 00:10:23,720 --> 00:10:27,160 Speaker 1: state the nature and size of our financial problem. We 175 00:10:27,200 --> 00:10:30,439 Speaker 1: are trying, through economies of roughly ten percent, to effect 176 00:10:30,480 --> 00:10:33,400 Speaker 1: saving somewhat in excess of two hundred million dollars, and 177 00:10:33,440 --> 00:10:36,199 Speaker 1: will strive for more. But even so, a part of 178 00:10:36,240 --> 00:10:38,440 Speaker 1: the debtset will have to be made up from new revenues. 179 00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:42,200 Speaker 1: At the same time, we must provide a margin for 180 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:46,679 Speaker 1: a new, broader based tax to relieve the overburdened property taxpayer, 181 00:10:46,920 --> 00:10:50,840 Speaker 1: principally the homeowner. Every segment of government must share in 182 00:10:50,840 --> 00:10:53,959 Speaker 1: the economies first, as every citizen must share in the 183 00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:58,400 Speaker 1: increased taxes, education and welfare total eighty percent or more 184 00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:01,640 Speaker 1: of the general fund spending. There is no way we 185 00:11:01,679 --> 00:11:04,400 Speaker 1: could exempt them from the belt tightening that is necessary. 186 00:11:04,800 --> 00:11:08,000 Speaker 1: If we did, we'd have to eliminate all other government 187 00:11:08,080 --> 00:11:12,440 Speaker 1: services to arrive at any meaningful reduction. So Reagan was 188 00:11:12,480 --> 00:11:15,760 Speaker 1: putting education, which had been up to then almost a 189 00:11:15,840 --> 00:11:19,160 Speaker 1: sacred institution, he was putting it right in line with 190 00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:22,040 Speaker 1: having to get to a balanced budget and to control 191 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:23,520 Speaker 1: the spending by the state. 192 00:11:24,240 --> 00:11:24,400 Speaker 5: Now. 193 00:11:24,440 --> 00:11:27,719 Speaker 1: The president of the University of California, Clark Kerr, who 194 00:11:27,760 --> 00:11:30,400 Speaker 1: was a very famous national figure. He'd been at the 195 00:11:30,440 --> 00:11:33,480 Speaker 1: university for twenty two years, was so opposed to what 196 00:11:33,520 --> 00:11:38,280 Speaker 1: Reagan was doing that on January twentieth, nineteen sixty seven, 197 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:41,679 Speaker 1: still in Reagan's first month as governor, he was fired 198 00:11:41,840 --> 00:11:44,480 Speaker 1: by a vote of fourteen. Date that also happened to 199 00:11:44,480 --> 00:11:48,720 Speaker 1: be the first Board of Regents meeting that Governor Reagan attended. However, 200 00:11:48,760 --> 00:11:51,360 Speaker 1: the vote happened in a closed session an hour after 201 00:11:51,400 --> 00:11:55,040 Speaker 1: Reagan left to catch a plane to Los Angeles. Kerr 202 00:11:55,120 --> 00:11:58,640 Speaker 1: had been very vocal against Reagan's plan to cut funding 203 00:11:58,960 --> 00:12:03,160 Speaker 1: and enactuition university, and he'd been very unwilling to take 204 00:12:03,240 --> 00:12:06,920 Speaker 1: control of the university back from the students. The lead 205 00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:10,360 Speaker 1: story the next day, on January twenty first, nineteen sixty seven, 206 00:12:10,559 --> 00:12:15,760 Speaker 1: in the San Francisco Chronicle read UC Ragent's firecurr big 207 00:12:15,880 --> 00:12:19,280 Speaker 1: victory for Reagan. He was off to a serious start, 208 00:12:19,600 --> 00:12:23,000 Speaker 1: beginning to take on Berkeley and the problems of a 209 00:12:23,120 --> 00:12:26,679 Speaker 1: university that's out of control. On January twenty second, nineteen 210 00:12:26,720 --> 00:12:30,320 Speaker 1: sixty seven, Regent Theodore Meyer issued a statement published in 211 00:12:30,360 --> 00:12:34,679 Speaker 1: the San Francisco Chronicle quote Courage's relations with the regents 212 00:12:34,720 --> 00:12:38,120 Speaker 1: were adversely affected by his handling of the Berkeley campus 213 00:12:38,160 --> 00:12:41,920 Speaker 1: disorders in the fall of nineteen sixty four. Some subsequent 214 00:12:41,960 --> 00:12:45,719 Speaker 1: events did not improve the relationship. The resulting on certainty 215 00:12:46,000 --> 00:13:04,160 Speaker 1: and controversy had been harmful to the university in many ways. 216 00:13:06,679 --> 00:13:09,959 Speaker 1: Now notice, on the one hand, he's following a pattern 217 00:13:10,040 --> 00:13:13,760 Speaker 1: of being within the game, doing what it seems to 218 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:17,400 Speaker 1: be appropriate, not overruling the regents. On the other hand, 219 00:13:17,800 --> 00:13:20,840 Speaker 1: he is setting a tone and a framework whether regents 220 00:13:20,880 --> 00:13:25,679 Speaker 1: are doing what Reagan hoped would happen. Now that initial 221 00:13:25,720 --> 00:13:29,120 Speaker 1: approach did not automatically solve anything. Over the course of 222 00:13:29,200 --> 00:13:33,360 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty eight to California Highway patrolmen were fire bombed 223 00:13:33,720 --> 00:13:37,680 Speaker 1: during the June twenty eighth till July third riots. Officers 224 00:13:37,720 --> 00:13:41,320 Speaker 1: suffered serious burns, with one returning to limited duty. A 225 00:13:41,360 --> 00:13:44,720 Speaker 1: newly constructed building near the campus was bombed, which blew 226 00:13:44,720 --> 00:13:47,120 Speaker 1: a twelve by sixteen foot hole in the building and 227 00:13:47,160 --> 00:13:51,120 Speaker 1: broke a water pipe. A guardhouse in Berkeley campus was bombed. 228 00:13:51,440 --> 00:13:55,280 Speaker 1: The ROTC building on campus was bombed, and attempted bombing 229 00:13:55,559 --> 00:13:58,360 Speaker 1: of a Berkeley police car in the police station parking lot. 230 00:13:58,720 --> 00:14:01,480 Speaker 1: It would have blown up the car and several buildings 231 00:14:01,480 --> 00:14:04,640 Speaker 1: if the bomb had worked, but it didn't. An explosion 232 00:14:04,640 --> 00:14:08,240 Speaker 1: of a utility company tower near campus. Two bombing attempts 233 00:14:08,240 --> 00:14:12,080 Speaker 1: at nearby industrial plants. Neither of the bombs worked. Law 234 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:15,920 Speaker 1: enforcement confiscated over one thousand sticks of dynamite, more than 235 00:14:15,920 --> 00:14:20,560 Speaker 1: two hundred guns and other weapons, dozens of monotov cocktails 236 00:14:20,560 --> 00:14:24,120 Speaker 1: and materials used to make them in apartments or cars 237 00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:26,600 Speaker 1: in and around the Berkeley campus. There were about a 238 00:14:26,640 --> 00:14:29,720 Speaker 1: dozen arson attempts in Berkeley, causing at least eight hundred 239 00:14:29,760 --> 00:14:33,280 Speaker 1: thousand dollars in damage over seven months. Berkeley officials were 240 00:14:33,320 --> 00:14:37,200 Speaker 1: forced to declare a state of civil disaster during riots 241 00:14:37,200 --> 00:14:41,320 Speaker 1: taking place on June thirtieth to July third, nineteen sixty eight, 242 00:14:41,680 --> 00:14:45,560 Speaker 1: and August thirtieth to September ninth, nineteen sixty eight. In 243 00:14:45,600 --> 00:14:49,720 Speaker 1: both cases, outside police officers were brought in during the protest. 244 00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:53,200 Speaker 1: One officer was shot and survived, and dozens more were 245 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:56,720 Speaker 1: fired on. The summer riots of nineteen sixty eight cost 246 00:14:56,800 --> 00:15:00,920 Speaker 1: at least two hundred and fifty thousand dollars in property damage. Additionally, 247 00:15:01,280 --> 00:15:04,480 Speaker 1: there were financial losses for local businesses and the cost 248 00:15:04,560 --> 00:15:08,760 Speaker 1: of increased police presence has never been reported. Notice, by 249 00:15:08,800 --> 00:15:12,520 Speaker 1: the way, that this was a very violent perd nationwide. 250 00:15:12,840 --> 00:15:16,240 Speaker 1: The FBI estimated that in nineteen sixty nine to seventy 251 00:15:16,640 --> 00:15:20,960 Speaker 1: there were twenty five hundred bombings. The level of militancy 252 00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:23,920 Speaker 1: were beginning to see now, if it is not stopped, 253 00:15:24,680 --> 00:15:28,640 Speaker 1: grows and frankly, becomes almost like a cancer in getting 254 00:15:28,640 --> 00:15:32,760 Speaker 1: more violent, more dangerous. The people who are the hardcore 255 00:15:32,920 --> 00:15:36,000 Speaker 1: become even harder, and they gradually turned to levels of 256 00:15:36,040 --> 00:15:41,240 Speaker 1: violence that at the beginning seemed inconceivable. The campus draft 257 00:15:41,280 --> 00:15:44,960 Speaker 1: opposition planned on May seventeenth, nineteen sixty eight, to hold 258 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:48,760 Speaker 1: an anti draft Vietnam commencement at the University of California. 259 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:53,840 Speaker 1: The Campus Draft Opposition was a registered campus organization with 260 00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:58,120 Speaker 1: both students and faculty members. And interestingly, we now have 261 00:15:58,200 --> 00:16:02,560 Speaker 1: had Senator Bernie Sanders that with all the student demonstrations, 262 00:16:02,960 --> 00:16:06,200 Speaker 1: with what's coming up this summer in Chicago, where remember 263 00:16:06,440 --> 00:16:10,880 Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty eight there were huge demonstrations and the 264 00:16:10,920 --> 00:16:13,760 Speaker 1: police ended up using tear gas and the country was 265 00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:17,760 Speaker 1: horrified during the Democratic National Convention in nineteen sixty eight 266 00:16:17,880 --> 00:16:21,680 Speaker 1: to see the speeches inside and the riots outside. Well, 267 00:16:21,880 --> 00:16:26,640 Speaker 1: Senator Sanders just said, it's possible that Gaza and the 268 00:16:26,680 --> 00:16:31,200 Speaker 1: war are going to become for President Biden what Vietnam 269 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:35,240 Speaker 1: was for President Johnson. Was pretty sobering comments by Senator 270 00:16:35,280 --> 00:16:38,240 Speaker 1: Sander and worth keeping in mind as you look at 271 00:16:38,240 --> 00:16:41,280 Speaker 1: the parallels back with how Reagan dealt with it. The 272 00:16:42,080 --> 00:16:46,240 Speaker 1: anti War Effort Vietnam commencement was planned to be held 273 00:16:46,240 --> 00:16:48,840 Speaker 1: in the steps of Sprull Hall because the organization was 274 00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:52,240 Speaker 1: denied the use of the ten thousand seat Greek Theater 275 00:16:52,360 --> 00:16:55,840 Speaker 1: on campus by US District Judge William T. Schwegert, who 276 00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:58,560 Speaker 1: refused to order the university to let them use the 277 00:16:58,560 --> 00:17:02,600 Speaker 1: theater more than seven hundred Berkeley students who were refusing 278 00:17:02,640 --> 00:17:06,359 Speaker 1: to sign up for the draft planned on attending. Governor 279 00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:09,240 Speaker 1: Reagan was vocally against this and said that he hoped 280 00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:13,359 Speaker 1: the regents would ask university President Charles J. Hitch to 281 00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:17,240 Speaker 1: cancel the event. Reagan warned that unless the regents called 282 00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:20,439 Speaker 1: off the event quote, I will review my options for 283 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:24,240 Speaker 1: other actions. Reagan also noted that any demonstration against the 284 00:17:24,320 --> 00:17:27,680 Speaker 1: draft and that encouraged students to not sign up should 285 00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:32,600 Speaker 1: be considered treason. May tenth, nineteen sixty eight. Reagan letter 286 00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:35,320 Speaker 1: to Theodore Meyer, Chairman of the Board of Regents, wrote 287 00:17:35,480 --> 00:17:39,719 Speaker 1: that Berkeley administrators should revoke the group's official campus registration 288 00:17:40,280 --> 00:17:46,439 Speaker 1: and discipline any faculty member involved. Six thousand university students 289 00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:51,440 Speaker 1: and faculty attended the hour long Vietnam commencement anyways, ignoring 290 00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:55,959 Speaker 1: the ban. Several hundred attendance pledged to refuse military service 291 00:17:56,320 --> 00:17:59,800 Speaker 1: and signed I won't go statements. They were, in effect 292 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:03,840 Speaker 1: publicly pledging to break the law. Students chanted, as long 293 00:18:03,880 --> 00:18:06,119 Speaker 1: as the United States is involved in this war, I 294 00:18:06,160 --> 00:18:10,000 Speaker 1: will not serve in the armed forces. The organizers argued 295 00:18:10,040 --> 00:18:12,760 Speaker 1: that it was not a Vietnam commencement, despite a banner 296 00:18:12,760 --> 00:18:15,080 Speaker 1: which set it was, but there was an anti draft 297 00:18:15,200 --> 00:18:18,320 Speaker 1: rally which they had permission to have. Regent board members 298 00:18:18,320 --> 00:18:21,080 Speaker 1: stated that it was an example of free expression in 299 00:18:21,119 --> 00:18:25,080 Speaker 1: an orderly setting and refused to have disciplinary measures against 300 00:18:25,119 --> 00:18:29,280 Speaker 1: the students and faculty and attendance. In June, Reagan suggested 301 00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:32,520 Speaker 1: that the Board of Regents have a special University of 302 00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:36,159 Speaker 1: California report that looked into how Regent's policy is implemented. 303 00:18:36,800 --> 00:18:40,199 Speaker 1: Reagan set at a news conference quote, I intend to 304 00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:43,600 Speaker 1: promote the ideas suggested before that I think the Regents 305 00:18:43,600 --> 00:18:46,400 Speaker 1: should have a staff, a small staff of their own, 306 00:18:46,760 --> 00:18:50,200 Speaker 1: reporting directly to the Regents on the implementation of region's 307 00:18:50,240 --> 00:18:53,480 Speaker 1: policy and to make sure that policy is being carried 308 00:18:53,520 --> 00:18:56,800 Speaker 1: out in various campuses. By the way, this is a 309 00:18:56,840 --> 00:19:01,359 Speaker 1: theme that we'll see again and again, because over and 310 00:19:01,359 --> 00:19:03,399 Speaker 1: over again you have people at the very top who 311 00:19:03,440 --> 00:19:06,359 Speaker 1: are elected find out that they can't enforce their will, 312 00:19:06,400 --> 00:19:09,400 Speaker 1: they can't get things done, and that the bureaucracy simply 313 00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:13,960 Speaker 1: ignores them or subverts what they want. Now, Reagan had 314 00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:16,920 Speaker 1: come to realize that he had to be as tough 315 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:19,639 Speaker 1: as he needed to be to quell the situation, to 316 00:19:19,680 --> 00:19:23,160 Speaker 1: bring about peace and safety, and to enforce the law. 317 00:19:23,880 --> 00:19:27,040 Speaker 1: February fifth, nineteen sixty nine, he declared a state of 318 00:19:27,119 --> 00:19:31,480 Speaker 1: extreme emergency at the request of local officials during violence 319 00:19:31,520 --> 00:19:34,639 Speaker 1: connected with the Third World Liberation Front strike at the 320 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:38,240 Speaker 1: University of California, Berkeley. According to a New York Times article, 321 00:19:38,560 --> 00:19:43,280 Speaker 1: Reagan authorized H. W. Sullivan, commissioner of the California Highway Patrol, 322 00:19:43,720 --> 00:19:47,399 Speaker 1: to provide all necessary manpower and aid to Sheriff Frank 323 00:19:47,440 --> 00:19:51,160 Speaker 1: Madigan of Alameda County to maintain order on the campus. 324 00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:56,159 Speaker 1: The state of emergency read quote. Any student suspended or 325 00:19:56,200 --> 00:19:59,960 Speaker 1: expelled from a state university, college, junior college, or high 326 00:20:00,080 --> 00:20:03,800 Speaker 1: school who afterward entered the property of a public educational 327 00:20:03,880 --> 00:20:07,000 Speaker 1: institution without permission of the chief campus officer or his 328 00:20:07,119 --> 00:20:12,040 Speaker 1: representative would be guilty of criminal trespass. Any student convicted 329 00:20:12,080 --> 00:20:15,040 Speaker 1: of criminal offense growing out of a campus disturbments would 330 00:20:15,040 --> 00:20:18,320 Speaker 1: be dismissed and could not enter a state school or 331 00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:21,639 Speaker 1: college for at least one year. Any faculty member or 332 00:20:21,720 --> 00:20:25,040 Speaker 1: other employee of a college or university, or a similar 333 00:20:25,200 --> 00:20:29,400 Speaker 1: offense in these circumstances would be dismissed and become ineligible 334 00:20:29,680 --> 00:20:33,000 Speaker 1: for further employment at a state college or school without 335 00:20:33,040 --> 00:20:36,679 Speaker 1: specific permission of the government board. He would be illegal 336 00:20:37,040 --> 00:20:41,640 Speaker 1: to bring a loud speaker on any campus without official permission. Now, 337 00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:46,640 Speaker 1: these are clear specific steps that every university could take, 338 00:20:47,119 --> 00:20:50,280 Speaker 1: and that probably they have to take if they're going 339 00:20:50,320 --> 00:20:54,280 Speaker 1: to get control back of the campuses today. Now, despite 340 00:20:54,320 --> 00:20:58,520 Speaker 1: having issued these very strong position in the state of emergency, 341 00:20:59,119 --> 00:21:03,160 Speaker 1: things continued to decay, and as of February twenty first, 342 00:21:03,280 --> 00:21:06,119 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty nine, a total of one hundred and twenty 343 00:21:06,119 --> 00:21:10,080 Speaker 1: five adults and two juveniles were arrested during the Third 344 00:21:10,119 --> 00:21:13,720 Speaker 1: World Liberation Front strike, which started in the Berkeley campus 345 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:17,520 Speaker 1: on January twenty second, nineteen sixty nine. Of that number, 346 00:21:17,760 --> 00:21:21,040 Speaker 1: eighty eight were students, thirty four were not students, two 347 00:21:21,080 --> 00:21:23,960 Speaker 1: were faculty members, and three were non teaching employees of 348 00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:26,680 Speaker 1: the university. And noticed by the way that we're getting 349 00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:30,159 Speaker 1: increasing reports that maybe as much as half of the 350 00:21:30,160 --> 00:21:33,120 Speaker 1: people involved in the incidents on campus who are being arrested, 351 00:21:33,520 --> 00:21:36,200 Speaker 1: up to half of them are not in fact students 352 00:21:36,440 --> 00:21:38,440 Speaker 1: and don't belong on the campus in the first place. 353 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:43,040 Speaker 1: In Reagan's era, of the students, one was dismissed, eleven 354 00:21:43,119 --> 00:21:47,440 Speaker 1: were on interim suspension, sixty faced disciplinary hearings and thirty 355 00:21:47,480 --> 00:21:51,760 Speaker 1: nine runner investigation for possible disciplinary hearings. Twenty eight of 356 00:21:51,760 --> 00:21:54,720 Speaker 1: the non students who were previously students were barred for 357 00:21:54,760 --> 00:21:58,520 Speaker 1: readmission at the university. During a press conference on February 358 00:21:58,520 --> 00:22:01,439 Speaker 1: twenty at nineteen sixty nine, Reagans said, I do not 359 00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:04,520 Speaker 1: feel the university has matched us with a determination to 360 00:22:04,560 --> 00:22:07,960 Speaker 1: help us effectively. He went on. Governor Reagan, at the 361 00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:11,880 Speaker 1: University of California Berkeley Border Regents meeting on February twenty first, 362 00:22:11,960 --> 00:22:16,520 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty nine, demanded that striking students to be expelled 363 00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:21,120 Speaker 1: and faculty be fired. We're seeing what real leadership from 364 00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:25,119 Speaker 1: somebody who's committed to restoring order can really look like. 365 00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:28,080 Speaker 1: Outside of the February twenty first, nineteen sixty nine Board 366 00:22:28,080 --> 00:22:32,879 Speaker 1: of Regents meeting, about three thousand railed outside protesting and, 367 00:22:32,920 --> 00:22:37,080 Speaker 1: as the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, shouted on principal epithets 368 00:22:37,440 --> 00:22:41,399 Speaker 1: directed against Governor Reagan. All of this continued to build. 369 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:45,800 Speaker 1: The People's Park protests May fifteenth to June two was 370 00:22:45,840 --> 00:22:48,920 Speaker 1: the fourth major riode at Berkeley in less than a year. 371 00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:52,760 Speaker 1: What happened was an undeveloped area that was now slated 372 00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:56,160 Speaker 1: for development became a symbol for the left wing students, 373 00:22:56,560 --> 00:22:59,119 Speaker 1: and they decided that they were going to in fact 374 00:22:59,119 --> 00:23:02,960 Speaker 1: occupy the park. The People's Park were just a blank 375 00:23:03,080 --> 00:23:07,320 Speaker 1: space was becoming a real problem for the police beginning 376 00:23:07,359 --> 00:23:10,640 Speaker 1: in May of nineteen sixty nine. During April twenty eighth 377 00:23:10,800 --> 00:23:14,720 Speaker 1: to May fourteenth, nineteen sixty nine, police received forty eight 378 00:23:15,119 --> 00:23:19,040 Speaker 1: formal complaints of incidents happening in the park. The university 379 00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:20,840 Speaker 1: decided to put up a fence around the park to 380 00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:24,000 Speaker 1: keep out on oneted individuals or The university surveyed the 381 00:23:24,040 --> 00:23:28,480 Speaker 1: area and prepared for previously planned development. On May fourteenth, 382 00:23:28,680 --> 00:23:33,280 Speaker 1: Berkeley University posted no trespassing signs around People's Park in Berkeley. 383 00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:37,120 Speaker 1: Demonstrators took down the fifty one signs and burned them 384 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:40,720 Speaker 1: in a fire pit. Later that day, about three hundred 385 00:23:40,760 --> 00:23:44,520 Speaker 1: and fifty people gathered at the park. Seventy five people 386 00:23:44,560 --> 00:23:47,840 Speaker 1: brought sleeping gear on blankets to occupy the site overnight. 387 00:23:48,520 --> 00:23:51,680 Speaker 1: About two hundred and seventy five officers were sent from 388 00:23:51,680 --> 00:23:55,520 Speaker 1: the Berkeley Police Department, Alameda County Sheriff's Office, and the 389 00:23:55,560 --> 00:23:59,639 Speaker 1: California Highway Patrol. On May fifteenth, nineteen sixty nine. At 390 00:23:59,680 --> 00:24:03,399 Speaker 1: four forty five am, police informed the cloud that they 391 00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:06,880 Speaker 1: were trespassing and were told to leave or be arrested. 392 00:24:07,480 --> 00:24:10,000 Speaker 1: Only about a dozen state most of the crowd left. 393 00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:14,080 Speaker 1: Three people were arrested. At six twenty am, a construction 394 00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:16,480 Speaker 1: crew went to the site to build a fence around 395 00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:19,600 Speaker 1: the park to prevent people from occupy it. About one 396 00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:22,760 Speaker 1: hundred people showed up, but did not intervene with the construction, 397 00:24:23,160 --> 00:24:25,879 Speaker 1: so the police made no attempt at arresting them. A 398 00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:28,359 Speaker 1: group of students addressed the crowd, telling them that a 399 00:24:28,400 --> 00:24:30,879 Speaker 1: mass protest was to take place at noon on the 400 00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:35,119 Speaker 1: Spraul Hall Plaza. By noon, about two thousand people gathered 401 00:24:35,119 --> 00:24:39,080 Speaker 1: at Sproul Hall Plaza, including people not affiliated with the college. 402 00:24:39,400 --> 00:24:41,760 Speaker 1: At the start of the noon protest, one hundred and 403 00:24:41,840 --> 00:24:46,000 Speaker 1: fifty nine officers, thirty seven Berkeley Police, twenty six Sheriff's 404 00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:49,320 Speaker 1: deputies in one hundred California Highway Patrol were on duty. 405 00:24:50,080 --> 00:24:53,320 Speaker 1: Various speatures took place, ending with the UC student Body 406 00:24:53,359 --> 00:24:56,280 Speaker 1: President Daniel Siegel saying, quote, if we were to win 407 00:24:56,359 --> 00:24:58,560 Speaker 1: this thing, it is because we are making it more 408 00:24:58,600 --> 00:25:01,080 Speaker 1: costly for the university to put up its fence than 409 00:25:01,119 --> 00:25:03,399 Speaker 1: it is for them to take down the fence. Let's 410 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:05,960 Speaker 1: go and take over the park. The group of two 411 00:25:05,960 --> 00:25:09,280 Speaker 1: thousand then started advancing the People's Park, where the construction 412 00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:15,480 Speaker 1: crew was still putting up the fence. Violence ensued. Rocks, sticks, bricks, 413 00:25:15,680 --> 00:25:18,720 Speaker 1: pieces of pipe were thrown at the officers. Cherry bombs 414 00:25:18,720 --> 00:25:22,760 Speaker 1: began exploding on the streets. Protests broke local business windows 415 00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:27,160 Speaker 1: vandalized police cars. At twelve fifty two PM, officers began 416 00:25:27,240 --> 00:25:29,919 Speaker 1: throwing tear gas containers in the crowd in hopes to 417 00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:33,560 Speaker 1: contain them and to protect themselves. The officers were unable 418 00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:36,600 Speaker 1: to control the violence, and other officers arrived at two fifteen. 419 00:25:37,640 --> 00:25:40,800 Speaker 1: By that evening, at least one hundred and three officers 420 00:25:40,840 --> 00:25:44,439 Speaker 1: were injured, twenty two businesses had their windows smashed, and 421 00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:48,639 Speaker 1: an unknown number of police cars were damaged. At nine pm, 422 00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:53,359 Speaker 1: Governor Reagan signed a proclamation declaring a national emergency calling 423 00:25:53,400 --> 00:25:56,280 Speaker 1: the National Guard. At the request of local and state 424 00:25:56,359 --> 00:26:00,560 Speaker 1: law enforcement. The Berkeley City Council voted eight to one 425 00:26:00,760 --> 00:26:04,840 Speaker 1: against sending in the National Guard. Reagan ignored them and 426 00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:08,040 Speaker 1: sent the Guard anyway. During the period of May fifteenth 427 00:26:08,040 --> 00:26:10,840 Speaker 1: to twenty fourth, there were a total of seven hundred 428 00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:13,800 Speaker 1: and sixty eight arrests, two hundred and seventy two university 429 00:26:13,840 --> 00:26:17,480 Speaker 1: students and four hundred and ninety six non university students, 430 00:26:17,920 --> 00:26:21,800 Speaker 1: almost a two to one margin of non students, About 431 00:26:21,840 --> 00:26:23,919 Speaker 1: forty percent of those arrested were not residents of the 432 00:26:23,920 --> 00:26:27,520 Speaker 1: town of Berkeley and came from out of town. According 433 00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:30,240 Speaker 1: to a report published on July first, nineteen sixty nine, 434 00:26:30,280 --> 00:26:34,280 Speaker 1: to Governor Reagan detailing the People's Park confrontation, the cost 435 00:26:34,320 --> 00:26:37,480 Speaker 1: of maintaining the National Guard support forces at Berkeley was 436 00:26:37,600 --> 00:26:40,840 Speaker 1: estimated by the Department of Finance at almost fifty thousand 437 00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:43,800 Speaker 1: dollars a day. The troops were withdrawn on June second, 438 00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:47,560 Speaker 1: making a total of seventeen days duty. A preliminary answer 439 00:26:47,600 --> 00:26:50,400 Speaker 1: of the cost was seven hundred and sixty four thousand 440 00:26:50,400 --> 00:26:53,439 Speaker 1: dollars for the National Guard expenses. And remember this is 441 00:26:53,480 --> 00:26:56,480 Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty nine dollars, so you'd have to multiply 442 00:26:56,560 --> 00:26:58,840 Speaker 1: by three or four to get to a current cost. 443 00:26:59,359 --> 00:27:03,280 Speaker 1: And in April seventeenth, nineteen seventy press conference, the university 444 00:27:03,359 --> 00:27:07,080 Speaker 1: spokes when accused Reagan of escalating the situation by bringing 445 00:27:07,119 --> 00:27:11,000 Speaker 1: in the National Guard. Reagan responded, first. 446 00:27:10,760 --> 00:27:12,679 Speaker 5: Of all, the police have a very difficult role. I 447 00:27:12,680 --> 00:27:14,840 Speaker 5: think that every doubt should be resolved in their favor. 448 00:27:15,320 --> 00:27:17,640 Speaker 5: At the same time, as a citizen, if you throw 449 00:27:17,640 --> 00:27:19,600 Speaker 5: a rocke at me, I have no right to use 450 00:27:19,600 --> 00:27:22,440 Speaker 5: a gun back at you. It's this escalation of force 451 00:27:22,480 --> 00:27:24,720 Speaker 5: that we've got to stop. But as Nixon has said 452 00:27:24,760 --> 00:27:27,040 Speaker 5: that we've got to lower our voices. What I find 453 00:27:27,119 --> 00:27:30,040 Speaker 5: is that Governor Reagan and some of the police activity, 454 00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:32,480 Speaker 5: not all of it. Most of it is excellent, but 455 00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:35,160 Speaker 5: some of it is escalating. As I've said before that 456 00:27:35,520 --> 00:27:38,680 Speaker 5: instead of throwing water in these situations and quieting them down, 457 00:27:39,040 --> 00:27:41,840 Speaker 5: I find certain individuals in our public life are throwing 458 00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:44,240 Speaker 5: kerosen and making the situation worse. We're going to get 459 00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:45,720 Speaker 5: somebody killed if it isn't stopped. 460 00:28:07,560 --> 00:28:12,080 Speaker 1: There's some key things that we have to recognize. One 461 00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:15,359 Speaker 1: is that the problems we're facing today go back a 462 00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:20,159 Speaker 1: long way. Reagan thoroughly understand that. In fact, in a 463 00:28:21,160 --> 00:28:25,159 Speaker 1: May twelfth, nineteen seventy speech at the San Francisco Hilton, 464 00:28:25,640 --> 00:28:29,600 Speaker 1: he suggested the students are being indoctrinated in college campuses. 465 00:28:29,840 --> 00:28:33,720 Speaker 6: I have a terrible suspicion that if we really I 466 00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:36,320 Speaker 6: could open the door on higher education. We would find 467 00:28:36,320 --> 00:28:41,760 Speaker 6: that our young people, many many of them, have been 468 00:28:41,760 --> 00:28:46,960 Speaker 6: indoctrinated in thousands of social science courses, not to find 469 00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:49,280 Speaker 6: it the way it is, but to believe it the 470 00:28:49,280 --> 00:28:52,680 Speaker 6: way it isn't that they have been indoctrinated with one 471 00:28:52,760 --> 00:28:57,840 Speaker 6: viewpoint regarding our system. When students tell me that the 472 00:28:57,920 --> 00:29:01,600 Speaker 6: capitalistic system must go, and these are not rioting students, 473 00:29:01,640 --> 00:29:02,600 Speaker 6: these are good students. 474 00:29:03,120 --> 00:29:07,880 Speaker 1: I think it's very important to understand that Reagan recognized 475 00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:11,640 Speaker 1: the core problems we're now dealing with. If you look 476 00:29:11,680 --> 00:29:15,840 Speaker 1: at his farewell address in January nineteen eighty nine, he 477 00:29:15,960 --> 00:29:21,440 Speaker 1: warns that we are failing to protect American citizenship, we're 478 00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:24,720 Speaker 1: failing to teach American history, and that we have a 479 00:29:24,760 --> 00:29:29,040 Speaker 1: great problem growing among our young people. Well, that's just 480 00:29:29,240 --> 00:29:32,880 Speaker 1: metastasized over and over again, and we are today faced 481 00:29:32,880 --> 00:29:35,840 Speaker 1: with not yet as big a problem, not yet as 482 00:29:35,920 --> 00:29:40,400 Speaker 1: violent a problem, but clearly a growing challenge of people 483 00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:44,680 Speaker 1: who are overtly anti American, people who chant death to America, 484 00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:50,080 Speaker 1: people who chant death to Israel, clear open vivid anti Semitism, 485 00:29:50,520 --> 00:29:54,720 Speaker 1: and a dramatically greater influence from foreign governments who have 486 00:29:54,800 --> 00:29:59,720 Speaker 1: given billions of dollars to the very universities whose leaders 487 00:29:59,720 --> 00:30:03,600 Speaker 1: are now afraid to defend America and fraid to defend 488 00:30:03,600 --> 00:30:05,840 Speaker 1: the rule of law. I think you can learn a 489 00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:10,040 Speaker 1: lot about Governor Ronald Reagan's approach to student protests. We 490 00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:13,040 Speaker 1: have it on our showpage at neut world dot com. Certainly, 491 00:30:13,040 --> 00:30:15,440 Speaker 1: if you go to the Reagan Library, the amount of 492 00:30:15,440 --> 00:30:19,800 Speaker 1: material they have is astounding. Governor Reagan and then President Reagan, 493 00:30:19,840 --> 00:30:23,360 Speaker 1: we're always clear, always firm, and always willing to stand 494 00:30:23,400 --> 00:30:26,440 Speaker 1: up for what he believed in. I think it's very 495 00:30:26,440 --> 00:30:29,760 Speaker 1: important for us to recognize that we once again are 496 00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:32,840 Speaker 1: at the hinge of history. We once again have to 497 00:30:32,840 --> 00:30:36,840 Speaker 1: stand up for freedom, for America, for citizenship, for the 498 00:30:36,920 --> 00:30:39,760 Speaker 1: rule of law, and that Reagan is a pretty good 499 00:30:39,800 --> 00:30:50,000 Speaker 1: guide for how to do that. I'm going to thank 500 00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:52,760 Speaker 1: you for listening. We can learn more about Governor Reagan's 501 00:30:52,760 --> 00:30:55,760 Speaker 1: approach to student protesters on our show page at neut 502 00:30:55,800 --> 00:30:58,800 Speaker 1: world dot com. Newt World is produced by Ginglis three 503 00:30:58,840 --> 00:31:02,880 Speaker 1: sixty and iHeartMedia. Our executive producer is Guernsey Sloan and 504 00:31:02,960 --> 00:31:06,760 Speaker 1: our researcher is Rachel Peterson. The artwork for the show 505 00:31:07,240 --> 00:31:10,320 Speaker 1: was created by Steve Penley, special thanks to the team 506 00:31:10,360 --> 00:31:13,719 Speaker 1: at Ginger Street sixty. If you've been enjoying Newtsworld, I 507 00:31:13,800 --> 00:31:16,600 Speaker 1: hope you'll go to Apple Podcast and both rate us 508 00:31:16,600 --> 00:31:19,720 Speaker 1: with five stars and give us a review so others 509 00:31:19,760 --> 00:31:22,760 Speaker 1: can learn what it's all about. Right now, listeners of 510 00:31:22,800 --> 00:31:27,120 Speaker 1: Newtsworld concerner from my three free weekly columns at gingerstre 511 00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:32,200 Speaker 1: sixty dot com slash newsletter. I'm Newt Gingrich. This is Neutsworld.