WEBVTT - The Gunpowder Plot, Part 1

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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<v Speaker 1>Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm to blame a chocolate boarding and I'm fair and

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<v Speaker 1>the topic we're about to discuss isn't exactly obscure, and

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<v Speaker 1>at least some of our listeners, the British contingent that is,

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<v Speaker 1>probably won't be able to say that they missed it

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<v Speaker 1>in history class. It has to do with a certain

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<v Speaker 1>celebration that's coming up in England on November five. Some

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<v Speaker 1>call it Bonfire Day, others call it Fireworks Night, and

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<v Speaker 1>still others know it as Guy Fox Day, referring to

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<v Speaker 1>the man whose name is most associated with the notorious

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<v Speaker 1>gunpowder plot afwarded attempt to blow up Parliament on November five.

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<v Speaker 1>It's also called the Powder Treason. Yeah, And people celebrate

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<v Speaker 1>or commemorate this day in different ways, and it's changed

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<v Speaker 1>a lot over the years, but the alternate names for

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<v Speaker 1>the event really give you a good general idea of

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<v Speaker 1>what goes on. People set off fireworks and they light

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<v Speaker 1>up their bonfires, and often a top of those bonfires,

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<v Speaker 1>they'll burn Guy Fox in effigy. So that might throw

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<v Speaker 1>some of you guys for a loop. Children will often

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<v Speaker 1>sell those effigies. Eventually they call them guys. They'll go

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<v Speaker 1>out and they'll sell them on the street and they'll

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<v Speaker 1>ask for a penny for the guy. And those same

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<v Speaker 1>kids are probably also pretty familiar with a famous rhyme.

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<v Speaker 1>Do you want to read it off for our listeners

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<v Speaker 1>to Blaine and sure, it's remember remember the fifth of November,

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<v Speaker 1>gunpowder treason and plot. I see no reason why gunpowder

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<v Speaker 1>treason should ever be forgot and thanks at least in

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<v Speaker 1>part to pop culture references. And we'll talk a little

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<v Speaker 1>bit more about that later. But many people outside of

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<v Speaker 1>the UK have heard this rhyme too, and perhaps they

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<v Speaker 1>even know the name guy Fox. I mean, if you've

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<v Speaker 1>ever seen the two thousand six movie V for Vendetta,

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<v Speaker 1>for example, this will surely ring a bell, or if

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<v Speaker 1>you just work in the house Stuff Works office. One

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<v Speaker 1>of our coworkers, Jonathan strick And of tech Stuff, is

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<v Speaker 1>definitely a fan of of rattling off this rhyme from

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<v Speaker 1>time to time. It's always fun to hear. Yeah, And

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<v Speaker 1>he and I were actually talking about that in reference

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<v Speaker 1>to the fact that there are a lot of misconceptions

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<v Speaker 1>out there about who exactly guy Fox was and what

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<v Speaker 1>November five is commemorating. Some simply think that Fox was

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<v Speaker 1>the hero of the day, and they might be surprised

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<v Speaker 1>to learn what we just told you, that he's burned

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<v Speaker 1>in effigy, or they at least think that he was

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<v Speaker 1>the mastermind of the Gunpowder plot, which wasn't the case

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<v Speaker 1>at all. He's actually kind of a minor character, not

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<v Speaker 1>a master criminal at all. Really, right, So we're going

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<v Speaker 1>to take a closer look at the Gunpowder plot, the

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<v Speaker 1>motives behind it, and the players involved, including who really

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<v Speaker 1>instigated the whole thing. And we're also going to discuss

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<v Speaker 1>some conflicting theories over the origins of the plot, but

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<v Speaker 1>we're going to get to that later. First, we're gonna

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<v Speaker 1>give you the generally accepted version of events, and to

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<v Speaker 1>do that we need to kind of set the scene

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<v Speaker 1>a bit. So there's an overarching conflict at the time

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<v Speaker 1>which ends up leading to the events will discuss, and

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<v Speaker 1>conflictus between English Catholics and English Protestants. And by the

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<v Speaker 1>time the Gunpowder plot was devised, Catholics in England had

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<v Speaker 1>had pretty rough go of it for many years, being

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<v Speaker 1>persecuted during the reign of Queen Elizabeth the First, who

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<v Speaker 1>was a Protestant. They had been subject to religious legislation

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<v Speaker 1>that required them to attend a parish church every Sunday.

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<v Speaker 1>And it wasn't just that they had to go to

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<v Speaker 1>church every Sunday. If you didn't go, it was known

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<v Speaker 1>as recusancy, and according to an article by Simon Adams

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<v Speaker 1>in History Today, the penalty for recusancy was originally a

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<v Speaker 1>one shilling fine, but that ended up going up to

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<v Speaker 1>twenty pounds a month by fight one, which I mean

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<v Speaker 1>that still sounds like a lot of money today twounds

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<v Speaker 1>that's pretty set. Forty dollars or so about that. So

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<v Speaker 1>Elizabeth had been excommunicated by the pope, and she saw

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<v Speaker 1>recusants as potential traders. Thus the really high fine and

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<v Speaker 1>the strict rules about what Catholics had to do right.

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<v Speaker 1>And there were other parts to these anal laws as

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<v Speaker 1>they were called um one that declared that it was

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<v Speaker 1>treason basically to convert a subject to Catholicism, and also

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<v Speaker 1>treason for a jesuit or a priest to enter the country.

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<v Speaker 1>People who broke these laws were executed, but toward the

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<v Speaker 1>end of the fifteen nineties, Catholics started to have a

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<v Speaker 1>little bit of hope. Elizabeth was getting older and she

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<v Speaker 1>was childless and didn't have an air so there was

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<v Speaker 1>the thinking, hey, maybe the next monarch would be a

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<v Speaker 1>little bit more tolerant of Catholics. And when James the

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<v Speaker 1>sixth of Scotland took the throne in sixteen o three

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<v Speaker 1>after Elizabeth died, making him King James the First of England,

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<v Speaker 1>he kind of seemed to be that guy. His wife,

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<v Speaker 1>for example, Anne of Denmark, she was Catholic, and with

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<v Speaker 1>Anne's help, James had sort of campaigned for support from

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<v Speaker 1>other Catholic powers in Europe and from the Pope also

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<v Speaker 1>before Elizabeth's death to kind of prepare himself to not

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<v Speaker 1>have opposition when he took the throne in England. So

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<v Speaker 1>those things kind of gave Catholics a little bit of

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<v Speaker 1>They're like, okay, he seems friendly towards Catholics. And also,

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<v Speaker 1>according to an article in History Review by Pauline Croft,

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<v Speaker 1>James was pretty open minded at least seemed that way

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<v Speaker 1>at first. He said to have commented that he didn't

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<v Speaker 1>really want there to be more Catholics in England, so

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<v Speaker 1>he didn't want there to be more converts or for

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<v Speaker 1>more people to come in, but if they kept their

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<v Speaker 1>Catholic nous kind of on the down low and followed

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<v Speaker 1>the law, he wouldn't bother them, or at least there

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<v Speaker 1>wouldn't be major violence, like a live and let live philosophy.

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<v Speaker 1>Almost so Catholics caughtland of this, and some people thought, well,

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<v Speaker 1>maybe it means the end of the recusancy laws period,

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<v Speaker 1>and some Catholics even went as far as to petition

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<v Speaker 1>James before his coronation for toleration, really hoping that something

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<v Speaker 1>would come out of this new monarch. James wouldn't go

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<v Speaker 1>that far, and he said that he'd suspend the monthly

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<v Speaker 1>recusancy finds for as long as they continued to support him,

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<v Speaker 1>So he kind of offered a halfway bargain there, and

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<v Speaker 1>he also added a few people with Catholic sympathy to

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<v Speaker 1>the Privy Council, including the Earl of Northumberland. So yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>I mean that seems like a bit of a win,

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<v Speaker 1>especially coming after Elizabeth. But for many Catholics, they were

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<v Speaker 1>just disappointed that they were disappointed that there weren't more

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<v Speaker 1>changes than they saw under James. And as evidence of

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<v Speaker 1>how disgruntled some people were, with James already. Two plots

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<v Speaker 1>against the king were discovered as early as June and

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<v Speaker 1>July three, just to give you an idea of exactly

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<v Speaker 1>how soon that is, Elizabeth had died in March um,

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<v Speaker 1>so really just a couple of months. These plots were

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<v Speaker 1>called the Bye and the Main plots, and there were

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<v Speaker 1>different people involved in each, but just to give you

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<v Speaker 1>a summary of these. In the by plot, the goal

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<v Speaker 1>was to kidnap the king and his eldest son, Prince Henry,

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<v Speaker 1>and forged James to replace his chief ministers and to

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<v Speaker 1>declare Catholic toleration. And the main plot, on the other hand,

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<v Speaker 1>conspirators hoped to get rid of James entirely and to

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<v Speaker 1>put his English born cousin, Lady Arabel Stewart, on the throne.

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<v Speaker 1>According to Crofts article, though both of these plots were

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<v Speaker 1>pretty incompetent, which I guess is probably why they didn't

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<v Speaker 1>work out, But the fact that they were found out

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<v Speaker 1>didn't stop others from cooking up their own conspiracies, which

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<v Speaker 1>is where the Gunpowder plot begins. So we're going to

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<v Speaker 1>start talking about this conspiracy by talking about the conspirators specifically.

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<v Speaker 1>The plot began with a man named Robert Catesby, and

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<v Speaker 1>Catesby was a devout Catholic and he had become very

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<v Speaker 1>disillusioned with the government early on when he saw his

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<v Speaker 1>father being persecuted for not conforming to Church of England rules,

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<v Speaker 1>and Katsby himself had been imprisoned for a brief time

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<v Speaker 1>after fighting in an uprising lad by Robert Devereaux, who

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<v Speaker 1>was the second Earl of Essex back in sixteen o one.

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<v Speaker 1>So Katesby really wasn't like the Catholics who were entering

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<v Speaker 1>James Rain with a lot of hope and thinking there

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<v Speaker 1>was a lot of promise. He didn't trust in those promises,

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<v Speaker 1>and he he wasn't counting on anything. Catesby was also

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<v Speaker 1>kind of a ringleader of a small group of men

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<v Speaker 1>who had taken part in Essex Revolt with him, including

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<v Speaker 1>Jack and kit Wright and Francis Tresham. Other men related

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<v Speaker 1>to them were also sympathetic to their cause. Thomas Percy,

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<v Speaker 1>for example, who worked for and was related to the

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<v Speaker 1>Earl of Northumberland, was brother in law to the rights

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<v Speaker 1>and then Robert and Thomas Wintour, who were known for

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<v Speaker 1>giving priest refuge in their homes, were related to Katesby,

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<v Speaker 1>so at first they hoped that maybe Spain would invade

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<v Speaker 1>England to help the Catholics, and they offered their support

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<v Speaker 1>to Spain in that regard. But Spain was actually hoping

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<v Speaker 1>to end hostility with England at the time and was

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<v Speaker 1>in the process of starting to negotiate a peace treaty

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<v Speaker 1>to that effect, so Katesby and his buddy started to

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<v Speaker 1>give up on Spain as a solution. We're not sure

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<v Speaker 1>exactly when the idea for the plot started brewing, but

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<v Speaker 1>by the beginning of sixteen o four, Katesby shared with

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<v Speaker 1>tom Win Tour that he thought of a way to

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<v Speaker 1>solve their problem al right, So in January, the King

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<v Speaker 1>had announced that he was going to call parliament soon,

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<v Speaker 1>and Katesby's idea was to blow up the House of

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<v Speaker 1>Parliament while they were in session, and apparently when Tour

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<v Speaker 1>was kind of hesitant about this, but Katsby was a

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<v Speaker 1>smooth talker and ultimately convinced the gang. So Kidsby held

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<v Speaker 1>a meeting of people who were to be involved in

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<v Speaker 1>the plot on May sixteen o four in London at

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<v Speaker 1>the Duck and Drake lodging house in the Strand, and

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<v Speaker 1>he had three of his posse there, Tom Wintour, Thomas

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<v Speaker 1>Percy and Jack Right. But there was a fifth person

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<v Speaker 1>to a very important one, none other than Guy Fox himself.

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<v Speaker 1>So Fox is an interesting character in this whole discussion

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<v Speaker 1>about the tensions between the Protestants and the Catholics. He

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<v Speaker 1>was a militant Catholic convert from Yorkshire. He was born

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<v Speaker 1>April thirteenth, fifteen seventy, to a Protestant dad and a

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<v Speaker 1>Catholic mom. His dad died when he was young, though,

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<v Speaker 1>so his mom and her actions in the underground Catholic

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<v Speaker 1>community in England really ended up being a big influence

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<v Speaker 1>on him. Fox also went to St. Peters School in York,

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<v Speaker 1>which also had Catholic leaning, so that probably had a

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<v Speaker 1>big influence in how his views turned out he grew up,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's also where he might have met the Wright brothers.

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<v Speaker 1>He ended up going into military service abroad, serving in

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<v Speaker 1>the Spanish Army in the Netherlands from Fife to about

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<v Speaker 1>sixteen o four. In sixteen o three, though, he was

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<v Speaker 1>sent on a diplomatic mission to Spain to try and

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<v Speaker 1>convince them to invade England, much like Katesby and friends

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<v Speaker 1>did before and that's also where he might have come

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<v Speaker 1>into contact with Katesby's crew through these interactions, So just

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<v Speaker 1>looking for areas where he might have met up with

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<v Speaker 1>them or where they may have heard of him. At

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<v Speaker 1>any rate, Katesby and his fellow plotters needed someone like

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<v Speaker 1>Fox in the mix. He was their muscle of sorts.

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<v Speaker 1>He knew something about guns and ammo, and since he'd

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<v Speaker 1>been away from England for so long, his face was unknown,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's a key point to remember, very important because

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<v Speaker 1>he was going to have to do some sort of

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<v Speaker 1>reconnaissance type work. So those five conspirators had their meeting

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<v Speaker 1>in the Strand and they took an oath of secrecy

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<v Speaker 1>and they said mass and then they talked about the plan.

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<v Speaker 1>So by that time, Parliament had been in session since

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<v Speaker 1>March and was expected to last at least a couple

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<v Speaker 1>of months more so. The plan was to lease a

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<v Speaker 1>house next to the House of Lord's Chamber in the

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<v Speaker 1>Old Palace of Westminster. Then they would dig a tunnel

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<v Speaker 1>from the sellers of the Least House to the foundations

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<v Speaker 1>of the Chamber and put some gunpowder in there. They'd

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<v Speaker 1>bring the gunpowder in at night from Catesby's house across

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<v Speaker 1>the tents, so you can start to get the sense

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<v Speaker 1>of why it would be important to not be a

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<v Speaker 1>guy everybody recognized around town. Yeah, you wouldn't want to

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<v Speaker 1>be recognized because there was a lot of at stake.

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<v Speaker 1>If this worked, they were going to be blowing up Parliament.

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<v Speaker 1>They were going to be killing the king also his son,

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<v Speaker 1>and his other son was sickly. So the plan after

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<v Speaker 1>this was to kidnap young Princess Elizabeth and basically make

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<v Speaker 1>her their puppet queen. But I mean, the details surrounding

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<v Speaker 1>this were still kind of sketchy, and we're going to

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<v Speaker 1>talk about that a little bit more later. But once

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<v Speaker 1>they settled on a general plan, or part one of

0:12:04.160 --> 0:12:07.240
<v Speaker 1>the plan at least, they set to it. Percy leased

0:12:07.240 --> 0:12:09.360
<v Speaker 1>the house with the help of his connections to the

0:12:09.400 --> 0:12:13.200
<v Speaker 1>Earl of Northumberland. But then on July seven, Parliament was

0:12:13.240 --> 0:12:17.559
<v Speaker 1>postponed and scheduled to reconvene in February of sixteen o five.

0:12:18.200 --> 0:12:21.280
<v Speaker 1>Before that meeting ended, though, they did manage to reconfirm

0:12:21.360 --> 0:12:24.600
<v Speaker 1>all of those penalties that applied to Catholics and recusancy

0:12:24.640 --> 0:12:28.840
<v Speaker 1>fines were reinstated, so adding fuel to this potential explosive

0:12:28.920 --> 0:12:32.480
<v Speaker 1>fire exactly, so they agreed to start working again in

0:12:32.520 --> 0:12:36.000
<v Speaker 1>the fall keep moving towards their plot. But Parliament was

0:12:36.040 --> 0:12:39.440
<v Speaker 1>delayed again until October sixteen o five, and eventually it

0:12:39.480 --> 0:12:42.680
<v Speaker 1>was rescheduled again until November five, so they agreed to

0:12:42.679 --> 0:12:46.000
<v Speaker 1>start work again that February. That march, though, they had

0:12:46.040 --> 0:12:49.320
<v Speaker 1>a stroke of luck the lease for a ground floor

0:12:49.360 --> 0:12:53.000
<v Speaker 1>seller between their tunnel and the House of Lords meeting

0:12:53.040 --> 0:12:57.160
<v Speaker 1>space became available. According to the BBC, that seller extended

0:12:57.240 --> 0:12:59.800
<v Speaker 1>right underneath the House of Lords, so it allowed the

0:13:00.000 --> 0:13:03.480
<v Speaker 1>waters to pack the gunpowder, thirty six barrels of it,

0:13:03.480 --> 0:13:06.559
<v Speaker 1>in fact, right where it would be the most dangerous.

0:13:07.600 --> 0:13:10.560
<v Speaker 1>So we're not going to end with a bang for

0:13:10.600 --> 0:13:13.920
<v Speaker 1>this episode. We're gonna keep you hanging and continue with

0:13:14.040 --> 0:13:18.360
<v Speaker 1>a part two. I know those of you in England

0:13:18.440 --> 0:13:22.360
<v Speaker 1>will probably get to your celebrations now. You can email

0:13:22.480 --> 0:13:25.600
<v Speaker 1>us maybe and let us know what you what you

0:13:25.640 --> 0:13:28.160
<v Speaker 1>do for Guy Fox Day, whether you have a bonfire

0:13:28.440 --> 0:13:31.640
<v Speaker 1>or sell effigies in the streets, or whether you do

0:13:31.679 --> 0:13:33.959
<v Speaker 1>anything at all. We're kind of interested to see how

0:13:34.000 --> 0:13:37.800
<v Speaker 1>many people observe and commemorate this day. And I've read

0:13:37.840 --> 0:13:42.040
<v Speaker 1>all kinds of strange and neat things that people do

0:13:42.280 --> 0:13:45.240
<v Speaker 1>to celebrate it. I think I read something about rolling

0:13:45.320 --> 0:13:50.120
<v Speaker 1>flaming barrels down the street in certain towns. So let

0:13:50.200 --> 0:13:52.920
<v Speaker 1>us know what you do. UM, if you do anything

0:13:53.000 --> 0:13:55.520
<v Speaker 1>fun or different where you live. UM, we'd love to

0:13:55.559 --> 0:13:57.920
<v Speaker 1>know where History podcast at how stuff Works dot com

0:13:58.080 --> 0:14:00.160
<v Speaker 1>or you can look us up on Facebook or on

0:14:00.200 --> 0:14:02.760
<v Speaker 1>Twitter at mst in history and I think we do

0:14:02.960 --> 0:14:07.160
<v Speaker 1>have a blog post. Molly Edmonds wrote it for how

0:14:07.200 --> 0:14:10.160
<v Speaker 1>to Stuff like stuff you can do for Guy Fox Day,

0:14:10.280 --> 0:14:13.160
<v Speaker 1>mostly involved food you can eat. I get the idea

0:14:13.200 --> 0:14:16.079
<v Speaker 1>there are some traditional foods, but you can find that

0:14:16.160 --> 0:14:19.240
<v Speaker 1>by looking on the blogs on our home page at

0:14:19.360 --> 0:14:26.280
<v Speaker 1>www dot how stuff works dot com. Be sure to

0:14:26.360 --> 0:14:29.120
<v Speaker 1>check out our new video podcast, Stuff from the Future.

0:14:29.480 --> 0:14:31.800
<v Speaker 1>Join how Stuff Work staff as we explore the most

0:14:31.800 --> 0:14:36.360
<v Speaker 1>promising and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow the house Stuff Works

0:14:36.400 --> 0:14:39.600
<v Speaker 1>iPhone up has a ride. Download it today on iTunes