WEBVTT - What has the world's deadliest venom? 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.920 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.560 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should know 0:00:08.160 --> 0:00:16.439 from house Stuff Works dot Com. Hey, and welcome to 0:00:16.480 --> 0:00:20.080 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant. 0:00:20.400 --> 0:00:23.840 Snowpocalypse eleven. Yeah, this is the first day we've been 0:00:23.880 --> 0:00:27.000 in the office this weekend. It Thursday afternoon. Yeah. And 0:00:27.040 --> 0:00:28.840 I know all you northern folks like to make fun 0:00:28.840 --> 0:00:32.319 of us here in the South, but it's just ya. 0:00:35.280 --> 0:00:37.160 You know what, next time it snows and ices seven 0:00:37.200 --> 0:00:39.960 inches in your city wherever you are up north, Like, 0:00:40.080 --> 0:00:42.400 don't salt any roads, don't get out any snow chains, 0:00:42.440 --> 0:00:45.080 don't get out any snowplows, and see how you do. 0:00:45.400 --> 0:00:48.720 Saw And that guy was like, uh, I'm sorry now 0:00:48.800 --> 0:00:50.280 he was. He was fine, he was a nice guy. 0:00:50.680 --> 0:00:52.640 I wasn't trying to be a jerk. I'm just saying 0:00:52.640 --> 0:00:54.640 we don't have the stuff to deal with it. No, 0:00:54.800 --> 0:00:58.720 apparently we have ten snowplows. Ten snowplows for the city 0:00:58.720 --> 0:01:01.400 of Atlanta. That's about what we don't think we should 0:01:01.400 --> 0:01:03.720 go out and buy fifty snowplows. Now though I didn't 0:01:03.760 --> 0:01:05.600 even know we had ten. Yeah, I thought that was 0:01:05.640 --> 0:01:11.199 pretty decent. It's a southern city, so yeah, um, it's 0:01:11.280 --> 0:01:14.760 the weather's fault, not Atlanta's fault, and that's right. So yeah, 0:01:14.800 --> 0:01:16.800 we had to come in to make sure that we 0:01:16.880 --> 0:01:20.520 still continue getting everybody stuff. You should knows. I can't 0:01:20.520 --> 0:01:24.400 imagine that publishing it will never happen, Chuck, Are you 0:01:24.600 --> 0:01:32.720 gonna it will never happen? Dude, Chuck sory. Okay, my 0:01:32.800 --> 0:01:36.080 knuckles are starting to you ready, yeah, warm enough to 0:01:36.080 --> 0:01:38.000 do this. Before we start this, can I say something 0:01:38.040 --> 0:01:42.000 to Australia because we're gonna be talking about Australia. They're 0:01:42.040 --> 0:01:46.240 suffering through some flooding there in Brisbane. It's like a 0:01:46.280 --> 0:01:49.200 five year flood, right, It's it's a big flood and 0:01:49.240 --> 0:01:52.920 it's um killed so far about thirty four people, and so, uh, 0:01:53.480 --> 0:01:55.760 we just want to say that, you know, we're thinking 0:01:55.760 --> 0:01:58.640 about your Australia. That's an awful thing and we're gonna 0:01:58.680 --> 0:02:01.720 be poking fun at you later on with all the 0:02:01.760 --> 0:02:06.760 deadly creatures there and your outback steakhouses, but um, we're 0:02:06.760 --> 0:02:09.480 thinking about you on a serious note. So having said that, 0:02:10.000 --> 0:02:16.880 let the jokes fly. Uh, Well, that's tough you just 0:02:16.919 --> 0:02:21.560 shut me down, all right, You ready, Yeah, let's do this, Okay. So, Chuck, 0:02:22.200 --> 0:02:25.560 there is a couple of different guys out there in 0:02:25.600 --> 0:02:32.040 the world who are in stiff competition right now to 0:02:32.120 --> 0:02:36.880 come up with a cure for cancer based on scorpion venom. 0:02:38.160 --> 0:02:40.840 There are two dudes and they are scrambling for their 0:02:40.960 --> 0:02:44.640 lives right now. Um. There's a guy at the St. 0:02:44.680 --> 0:02:48.320 Louis University School of Medicine and there's another guy who 0:02:49.120 --> 0:02:53.119 is at the Henry Ford Health System in Michigan. Okay, right, 0:02:53.680 --> 0:02:57.720 and both of them have found or are working upon 0:02:57.880 --> 0:03:03.200 the idea that scorpion and him something in it attacks glioma's, 0:03:03.240 --> 0:03:06.280 which are a very very deadly type of cancer cell 0:03:06.360 --> 0:03:11.440 brain cancer tumor. Right. Um, they go after glioma's first 0:03:11.520 --> 0:03:14.239 for some reason. So if these guys can figure out 0:03:14.720 --> 0:03:18.359 the treatments really weird, you inject the scorpion venom, it 0:03:18.400 --> 0:03:21.360 goes and attaches itself to the glioma, and then you 0:03:21.480 --> 0:03:24.960 radiate it and it just destroys everything. So if they 0:03:24.960 --> 0:03:27.320 can figure out how to get this to work reliably, 0:03:27.760 --> 0:03:30.120 they would have basically come up with a cure for 0:03:30.320 --> 0:03:34.960 brain cancer. I knew a guy undergoing that treatment. You're joking. Yeah, 0:03:35.000 --> 0:03:37.760 this was at the very beginning stages of it, like 0:03:38.120 --> 0:03:41.760 probably seven or eight years ago. Yeah, this is from 0:03:41.800 --> 0:03:45.040 two thousand six. Yeah, this guy was um. I worked 0:03:45.080 --> 0:03:47.720 for a company that produced documentaries, like medical documentaries, and 0:03:47.720 --> 0:03:50.280 they were documenting this guy's fight with cancer. And one 0:03:50.280 --> 0:03:52.160 of the things I remember at the time hearing was 0:03:52.200 --> 0:03:56.200 that he was undergoing a very experimental thing with scorpion venom. 0:03:56.280 --> 0:03:58.640 And we're all like what, But it wasn't about that, 0:03:58.680 --> 0:04:01.840 so I didn't learn much about it. Yeah. Interesting, it 0:04:02.000 --> 0:04:09.400 is very interesting, And scorpions, of course are extremely poisonous. Right, No, Josh, 0:04:09.680 --> 0:04:14.520 oh really, here's your here's your cocktail party. Fact of 0:04:14.520 --> 0:04:19.279 the day. There is a difference between venomous and poisonous. 0:04:19.320 --> 0:04:22.000 And the difference is not in the toxin, but in 0:04:22.000 --> 0:04:25.000 the way the toxin is transferred from the animal to 0:04:25.200 --> 0:04:30.279 the whatever. I never knew that I suspected as much. 0:04:30.400 --> 0:04:33.719 So poison is transmitted passively, Uh so you have to 0:04:33.839 --> 0:04:37.560 ingest it or absorb it somehow, and venom is injected, right, 0:04:37.600 --> 0:04:41.920 and usually poison like say a poison tree frog, where 0:04:42.120 --> 0:04:46.880 the dart frog. Yeah, the poison tree dark frog, poison 0:04:46.960 --> 0:04:49.440 dark frog, poison dart frog. Where am I getting tree from? 0:04:49.480 --> 0:04:52.880 I think they're they're in trees, right, the poison dart frog. 0:04:53.760 --> 0:04:56.760 It creates this poison passively, like you said, usually through 0:04:56.960 --> 0:04:59.840 a diet. That's how poison is created. And it's not 0:05:00.680 --> 0:05:03.320 out to hurt you unless you eat it or handle 0:05:03.360 --> 0:05:05.640 it in a way. It doesn't like you get the 0:05:05.680 --> 0:05:10.440 toxin absorbed through your skin. Boom, you're dead, right, or 0:05:10.960 --> 0:05:14.000 if you're a human being, you're on one heck of 0:05:14.040 --> 0:05:17.200 a trip, I would imagine. So, uh, you said something 0:05:17.320 --> 0:05:20.080 very important though. That's another difference. Poison is um created 0:05:20.080 --> 0:05:23.640 through the diet, whereas venom is inherent in the animal itself. Well, 0:05:23.680 --> 0:05:26.080 the animal creates it. Yeah, the animal creates it without 0:05:26.080 --> 0:05:27.880 the help of diet, right right, There's like some sort 0:05:27.920 --> 0:05:31.200 of mechanism in their metabolism that creates venom, and poison 0:05:31.320 --> 0:05:35.240 is generally a defensive um as a defensive role in 0:05:35.360 --> 0:05:39.560 venom is usually for the offense for predators. You want 0:05:39.600 --> 0:05:43.360 to get your prey bite, Yeah, like with a fang 0:05:43.440 --> 0:05:48.600 or a stinger, release some venom. Boom, you're fine, got dinner. 0:05:48.760 --> 0:05:52.880 Those are the differences. Yeah, So a scorpion isn't poisonous. 0:05:53.000 --> 0:05:56.080 It is venomous. It produces its own venom on purpose, 0:05:56.800 --> 0:06:02.520 uses it on purpose. Venomous, right, poison tree, dark frog, 0:06:03.720 --> 0:06:06.840 that's poisonous. It even says it in the name poison 0:06:08.880 --> 0:06:12.520 through the skin. All right, So, Chuck, this is something 0:06:12.560 --> 0:06:17.960 I've always wondered, Right, what is the most venomous animal 0:06:18.279 --> 0:06:21.560 on the planet. I would imagine that it's something along 0:06:21.560 --> 0:06:25.200 the lines of a cobra. Maybe maybe they have them 0:06:25.200 --> 0:06:28.640 in Florida. Those things are extremely poisonous, right, are they 0:06:28.680 --> 0:06:31.839 the most poisonous? I'm sorry, venomous animal? How many times 0:06:31.839 --> 0:06:33.480 do you think we'll do that this time after we 0:06:33.520 --> 0:06:35.000 explained that we're gonna screw it up, We'll get a 0:06:35.120 --> 0:06:39.520 very accurate number from Aaron Cooper. I'm sure, Um, what 0:06:39.720 --> 0:06:43.880 the the most venomous animal? I would think is either 0:06:43.920 --> 0:06:46.640 a coral snake I should say before I read this article, 0:06:47.360 --> 0:06:49.360 the black mamba maybe I've always heard those are pretty. 0:06:49.520 --> 0:06:53.200 That's another one to the um black widow spider, or 0:06:53.279 --> 0:06:55.800 possibly the brown recluse. Like you always hear black widows 0:06:56.360 --> 0:06:58.720 gonna kill you. That's what my dad always said to 0:06:58.760 --> 0:07:02.120 me before I went to eap every night. But um, 0:07:02.279 --> 0:07:06.320 the brown recluse. Apparently it is way way worse. It's 0:07:06.320 --> 0:07:09.240 because they Yeah, sure, I've heard that black widows. Man, 0:07:09.240 --> 0:07:11.680 I see those all the time. They always scare me. Yeah, 0:07:11.720 --> 0:07:15.600 well they look really scared that that shiny black body 0:07:15.680 --> 0:07:18.240 with the red hourglass and that look like we are 0:07:18.280 --> 0:07:23.640 you looking at I'll kill you? Uh, those are not, Josh, 0:07:23.680 --> 0:07:25.600 but I would have guessed placed my guesses on some 0:07:25.680 --> 0:07:28.800 of those things as well before this article. Apparently the 0:07:28.840 --> 0:07:35.080 deadliest most venomous animal being on the planet is found 0:07:35.080 --> 0:07:38.680 in the ocean right off of the coast of Australia. Yep, 0:07:39.080 --> 0:07:42.240 the box jellyfish a k a. The sea wasp right 0:07:42.680 --> 0:07:47.360 a k a. The marine stinger. Yeah, I think that's 0:07:47.360 --> 0:07:49.880 a stupid name, like sea wasp. Sea wasp is bad. 0:07:50.080 --> 0:07:52.040 I think they have these at the Georgia Aquarium, although 0:07:52.040 --> 0:07:56.080 I may be wrong. They have those little little translucent, 0:07:56.160 --> 0:08:00.120 sort of fluorescent almost jellyfish. I think a lot out 0:08:00.080 --> 0:08:02.400 of them are like that, though, are they. Well, now 0:08:02.440 --> 0:08:06.880 I know that they're not like solid orange, You're like 0:08:06.920 --> 0:08:12.400 they have tentacles. They sort of look like jelly. Uh. 0:08:12.440 --> 0:08:16.120 These are pale blue, almost transparent um and they are 0:08:16.280 --> 0:08:19.480 of the most deadly creatures in the world because they 0:08:19.480 --> 0:08:22.920 can kill a human in five minutes or less. That's 0:08:22.960 --> 0:08:25.640 pretty quick they can. So if you're out of see, 0:08:26.120 --> 0:08:29.800 you will likely die before you reach help. Yeah, you're 0:08:29.800 --> 0:08:32.920 going too shock. The venom of the box jellyfish or 0:08:33.000 --> 0:08:38.280 sea wasp um. It paralyzes your central nervous system, right, 0:08:38.360 --> 0:08:41.280 so you can't breathe, your heart stop speeding, your muscles, 0:08:41.280 --> 0:08:44.520 stop working. You probably do all sorts of unpleasant things 0:08:45.320 --> 0:08:48.560 in your pants. Yeah much, you have this control yourself, 0:08:48.840 --> 0:08:51.360 and that's probably the least of your worries at that point, 0:08:51.440 --> 0:08:54.320 because you are dying and you're swimming back to shore. 0:08:54.880 --> 0:08:57.960 The problem is when you encounter one of these things, 0:08:58.280 --> 0:09:01.800 if it does indeed sting you, when if you pull 0:09:01.920 --> 0:09:06.200 your arm away, that actually tends to cause more of 0:09:06.240 --> 0:09:11.000 the stingers to latch onto you and deliver even more venom. Right. So, 0:09:11.240 --> 0:09:13.920 so if this happens to you, just just still play 0:09:13.920 --> 0:09:15.600 still and let it sting the crap out of you. 0:09:16.360 --> 0:09:18.200 How does this happen? Though, Josh, what are these little 0:09:18.240 --> 0:09:23.760 deal he's called? Uh? They are called nematicists, right. Nematicists 0:09:23.760 --> 0:09:28.400 are these little cells that how something called snido blasts 0:09:28.480 --> 0:09:33.240 and this is real. Yeah, and it was a lovely 0:09:33.360 --> 0:09:39.120 British one. She went canolst Kanto blast. It's Kate Middleton, 0:09:39.480 --> 0:09:41.840 it was. This is the only British one we know 0:09:41.960 --> 0:09:44.880 right now. So each tentacle has five thousand of the 0:09:45.240 --> 0:09:48.760 nematosists that are housed in the blast. Okay, so, and 0:09:49.000 --> 0:09:52.480 the Knido blasts are basically like the little charge of 0:09:52.600 --> 0:09:56.720 venom that shoot out, right, And there's a trigger protruding 0:09:56.760 --> 0:09:59.640 from the nematosist, which basically is like a little it 0:09:59.640 --> 0:10:02.120 looks like a little claw. The trigger is and when 0:10:02.160 --> 0:10:07.720 this thing is triggered, the knido blast shoots out, deposits 0:10:07.760 --> 0:10:10.880 the venom in you, and you're in big trouble. Now 0:10:11.040 --> 0:10:16.040 that's just one Knido blast, right, There's apparently a ton 0:10:16.120 --> 0:10:19.800 of these on any given tentacle. Correct, you have five 0:10:19.840 --> 0:10:24.840 thousand stingers, uh, seventy five thousand total. If you have 0:10:24.880 --> 0:10:30.559 fifteen tentacles nematicists, that's a lot. Oh yeah. And all 0:10:30.600 --> 0:10:34.120 it takes is probably a few to do some major damage. 0:10:34.520 --> 0:10:35.880 I wondered if one of the reasons it was so 0:10:35.960 --> 0:10:39.520 deadly was because there's just so many. I would definitely 0:10:39.559 --> 0:10:42.600 think so. I think it's very powerful venom. Yeah, right, 0:10:42.679 --> 0:10:45.880 so that the pairing of the two is deadly. Uh, 0:10:45.920 --> 0:10:51.280 and the the reaction of the um nematicist trigger the 0:10:52.040 --> 0:10:55.920 knido blast. Now, the neumatosis is triggered releasing the knido 0:10:55.960 --> 0:11:00.559 blast um by chemicals in our skin pheromones I would egine. Yeah, 0:11:00.600 --> 0:11:05.120 that's key. And some Australians have very cleverly figured out 0:11:05.200 --> 0:11:11.120 that for some reason, nylon, as in pantyhose, keeps this 0:11:11.240 --> 0:11:14.840 chemical from seeping out and being detected by the kinnado blast. 0:11:14.880 --> 0:11:16.760 So you can just walk right up to a box 0:11:16.840 --> 0:11:21.439 jellyfish with pantyhose on your arm or your head and 0:11:21.840 --> 0:11:24.800 rub the jellyfish and it won't do anything. Do not 0:11:25.000 --> 0:11:27.920 do that, But I'm just saying theoretically you could. So 0:11:27.960 --> 0:11:31.880 if you see some AUSS surfers wearing pantyhose, then uh, 0:11:32.080 --> 0:11:35.080 don't want, don't don't hate. That's probably the reason why. 0:11:35.559 --> 0:11:38.760 That's the reason why, Well, you never know, you don't do. 0:11:38.920 --> 0:11:42.559 You might just be into that kind of thing. Luckily, 0:11:42.679 --> 0:11:45.880 there are some cures for this there, things like vinegar 0:11:46.559 --> 0:11:50.040 um acetic acid can render it harmless. Yeah. And the 0:11:50.160 --> 0:11:52.880 funny it's like one of the deadliest animals on the planet. 0:11:52.880 --> 0:11:55.800 But then vinegar like that's fine, it's crazy. And there's 0:11:55.800 --> 0:11:59.280 an anti venom And notice I did not say anti venom, 0:11:59.360 --> 0:12:01.640 which people usually say anti venom. That is not correct. 0:12:01.640 --> 0:12:04.840 Although it's sort of accepted now, it's still not proper. 0:12:04.880 --> 0:12:07.320 It's at anti venn V and I n one of 0:12:07.360 --> 0:12:12.600 my personal little gripes jib yeah, jibe, people say jive, 0:12:12.840 --> 0:12:17.400 yes they do. Um chuck. Apparently it takes about two 0:12:17.440 --> 0:12:21.800 to three minutes to die from a box jellyfish injection, right, 0:12:21.880 --> 0:12:26.480 it's fast. Um. There's been over hundred people who have 0:12:26.720 --> 0:12:33.319 died since ninety four in Australia alone. How many. Yeah, 0:12:33.400 --> 0:12:35.800 that's a lot of dead people just from this jellyfish, 0:12:35.880 --> 0:12:39.319 just from the box jellyfish, just in Australia. And apparently 0:12:39.360 --> 0:12:42.920 from November to May they come into the North Shore 0:12:43.600 --> 0:12:45.760 and a lot of times they're just like, well the 0:12:45.760 --> 0:12:48.559 beaches closed until May, until these things leave because they 0:12:48.640 --> 0:12:53.720 will kill you write. But also in Australia they believe 0:12:53.800 --> 0:12:57.520 that there is pound for pound another jellyfish, which, by 0:12:57.559 --> 0:13:00.360 the way, the box jellyfish is not a tree jellyfish. 0:13:00.400 --> 0:13:02.920 It's in the family. It's not a true jellyfish. And 0:13:03.000 --> 0:13:05.439 neither is. I'm gonna try this, but I'm pretty sure 0:13:05.440 --> 0:13:11.480 I'm gonna butcher the eruke Engi. Eruk Engi I heard of? 0:13:11.520 --> 0:13:14.400 That is that in here. No, it's the the eruk 0:13:14.400 --> 0:13:16.559 and Gi jellyfish. It's like the size of a fingernail, 0:13:17.520 --> 0:13:20.000 but it can kill people. It can kill you, just 0:13:20.040 --> 0:13:22.400 this little thing right, so pound for pound, it's definitely 0:13:22.440 --> 0:13:25.840 more venomous than the box jellyfish. But there was this 0:13:25.880 --> 0:13:29.280 guy who there there's this thing called eruk and Gi syndrome, 0:13:29.320 --> 0:13:34.000 and the Erukanji are a tribe of Australian Aborigines and 0:13:34.040 --> 0:13:35.679 they live near the water, and every once in a 0:13:35.679 --> 0:13:37.280 while one of them would go out into the water 0:13:37.360 --> 0:13:42.360 and just mysteriously die right there swimming. So there's a 0:13:42.400 --> 0:13:45.000 doctor who suspected that there was a jellyfish involved, and 0:13:45.040 --> 0:13:47.679 he started looking for it and he found it that 0:13:47.840 --> 0:13:51.160 what it's now called the eruk and Gi jellyfish. Um 0:13:51.200 --> 0:13:53.959 But to prove his point, he took this one little 0:13:53.960 --> 0:13:58.679 tiny jellyfish stung himself, his son, and the lifeguard on duty, 0:13:58.840 --> 0:14:00.680 and all three of them ended up in the hospital, 0:14:00.760 --> 0:14:03.559 like at the edge of death because of this one 0:14:03.640 --> 0:14:07.400 little jelly fish and he's like I found it, So 0:14:07.480 --> 0:14:13.400 that one is probably the deadliest jellyfish pound for pound, definitely. Well, 0:14:13.400 --> 0:14:15.880 the box jellyfish we should mention too. Even if it 0:14:15.920 --> 0:14:20.040 doesn't kill you, it is a how do you pronounce that? Dermonic? 0:14:20.080 --> 0:14:23.120 It's dermonocratic? Is that right? So that means that it 0:14:23.200 --> 0:14:26.520 kills your skin cells and tissue underneath. So even if 0:14:26.520 --> 0:14:28.400 it like wraps around your arm and you manage to 0:14:28.400 --> 0:14:30.520 get it off and live, it can like turn your 0:14:30.520 --> 0:14:33.680 skin black and dead, and you'll be scarred for life 0:14:33.720 --> 0:14:35.720 and no one will love you. No one will ever 0:14:35.760 --> 0:14:38.480 love you. Can but I think you'd be so happy 0:14:38.520 --> 0:14:40.680 to be alive. You could live without love, sure for 0:14:40.680 --> 0:14:43.200 a little while, and then you'd be like, why didn't 0:14:43.200 --> 0:14:46.440 the jellyfish just take me? Why didn't I wear a pantyhose? 0:14:47.440 --> 0:14:50.520 So there it is, right, the the box jellyfish, or 0:14:50.560 --> 0:14:54.240 at least the eric and gi un gi jellyfish, or 0:14:54.280 --> 0:14:58.400 the deadliest most venomous animals on the planet. Right, So 0:14:58.480 --> 0:15:01.320 are we done? No, you know as well as I 0:15:01.320 --> 0:15:04.080 do that we're not done. Let's teasing. Let's talk about 0:15:04.160 --> 0:15:07.280 venom in general, and uh, the reason why it's hard 0:15:07.320 --> 0:15:12.000 to test its potency is because it's you know, like you. 0:15:12.760 --> 0:15:14.640 So the answer to the question is, no, they're not 0:15:14.680 --> 0:15:19.280 necessarily not necessarily what the most venomous animals on the planet. No, 0:15:19.280 --> 0:15:22.000 no, no no, they are. Okay, I'm just talking about difficulties 0:15:22.000 --> 0:15:25.480 and testing venom potency. It's tough because when you let's say, 0:15:25.520 --> 0:15:27.560 you get this deadly venom and you inject it into 0:15:27.760 --> 0:15:30.560 a lab rat, it's not necessarily gonna even if you 0:15:30.600 --> 0:15:33.960 do the pound uh, the equation to equate it to 0:15:33.960 --> 0:15:36.400 a human, like a full sized human. What are you 0:15:36.480 --> 0:15:41.200 laughing at? Uh? A rat doesn't necessarily react in the 0:15:41.200 --> 0:15:43.160 same way that a human would. Right, And what are 0:15:43.160 --> 0:15:46.040 you talking about is the UM what's called the lethal 0:15:46.120 --> 0:15:49.680 dosage dosage standard LD fifty, Right, you explain that it's 0:15:49.720 --> 0:15:53.840 kind of cruel. It's very cruel. Basically, they figure out, um, 0:15:53.960 --> 0:15:57.680 how much of a venom uh it takes to kill 0:15:57.840 --> 0:16:02.280 fifty of a lab population. And we're not talking about 0:16:02.280 --> 0:16:05.600 like the grad students were a bunch of mice or 0:16:05.680 --> 0:16:08.600 rats or whatever. So let's say you have you know, 0:16:08.760 --> 0:16:12.920 twenty UM twenty mice and you inject them all with 0:16:13.480 --> 0:16:17.120 a venom. However much venom it takes to kill half 0:16:17.200 --> 0:16:21.480 of them is what's considered the l D fifty measurement, right, 0:16:21.600 --> 0:16:25.000 which you'd express in terms of like um, with a mouse, 0:16:25.600 --> 0:16:30.160 you'd be like, uh, it's five milligrams of box jellyfish 0:16:30.280 --> 0:16:35.360 venom to every ten grams of mouse weight. Yeah, it's 0:16:35.440 --> 0:16:38.520 it's for every one hundred grams of the animals body 0:16:38.600 --> 0:16:44.480 weight the amount of venom, right or large animals. So 0:16:44.480 --> 0:16:47.480 so a low number is deadly. For instance, the coral 0:16:47.560 --> 0:16:51.440 snake has an l D fifty of one point three. 0:16:51.840 --> 0:16:55.040 In the box jellyfishes is point oh four, So it's 0:16:55.280 --> 0:16:57.920 the corals because the LD fifty of one point three 0:16:58.400 --> 0:17:02.640 on I guess a mouse because it's specific to the animal, 0:17:02.680 --> 0:17:07.160 and like a proper LD fifty measurement will say the 0:17:07.200 --> 0:17:11.960 way that it's injected, like orally skin injected, right, um, 0:17:12.040 --> 0:17:16.359 and then the animal, so it'll be like h zero 0:17:16.440 --> 0:17:22.439 point for LD fifty rat comma skin transdormal um you know, 0:17:22.920 --> 0:17:27.879 one k dash So sorry, so sorry, risk, and you 0:17:27.920 --> 0:17:30.400 bring up an excellent point. That's it is a very 0:17:30.440 --> 0:17:33.520 cruel way of figuring out how deadly a venom is. Right, 0:17:35.200 --> 0:17:39.280 So in large part it's been discontinued or abandoned. Um. Well, 0:17:39.320 --> 0:17:41.000 at least there's been calls for it. I don't think 0:17:41.000 --> 0:17:43.720 the research is quite as fast and loose as it 0:17:43.800 --> 0:17:49.919 once was. Right, Yeah, there was a crazy time for 0:17:50.080 --> 0:17:51.919 l D fifty ratings. Yeah, they're trying to figure out 0:17:51.960 --> 0:17:54.159 better ways to do this, But the whole point is 0:17:54.200 --> 0:17:57.520 to create a scale of comparison. Like you don't want 0:17:57.560 --> 0:18:00.440 coral snake to bite you, but you really really don't 0:18:00.480 --> 0:18:03.280 want to box jellyfish to brite you. I don't really 0:18:03.280 --> 0:18:06.600 want either one to bite me away from both of them, 0:18:07.000 --> 0:18:09.919 that'd be my my call. Uh. I wonder what some 0:18:09.920 --> 0:18:11.560 of those methods are. They didn't They didn't mention this 0:18:11.600 --> 0:18:15.000 in the article curious what well to to measure the 0:18:15.600 --> 0:18:17.920 potency of a venom? If they're getting away from l 0:18:17.960 --> 0:18:20.280 D fifty, how is she gonna tell unless you kill something? 0:18:21.280 --> 0:18:23.000 I wonder if it's one of those things where you 0:18:23.040 --> 0:18:25.800 know how it says like not tested on animals. One 0:18:25.840 --> 0:18:28.000 of the reasons why there's so many products that say 0:18:28.040 --> 0:18:30.840 that now is because they already did all the animal testing. 0:18:31.280 --> 0:18:33.199 They're not using a lot. There's not a lot of 0:18:33.200 --> 0:18:36.560 new stuff that they're introducing that need animal testing, So 0:18:37.680 --> 0:18:40.320 these people didn't test it on animals, but somebody thirty 0:18:40.400 --> 0:18:42.920 years ago didn't. It's fine that that's what the label 0:18:42.920 --> 0:18:45.200 should say. No longer necessary to test on it, right, 0:18:46.040 --> 0:18:50.080 Like we specifically didn't test on animals. Right. Uh, let's 0:18:50.080 --> 0:18:53.800 you wanna talk about some other deadly venomous creatures and 0:18:53.840 --> 0:18:58.480 they're in Australia. Yeah, dangerous with really dangerous stuff. Yes. 0:18:58.640 --> 0:19:03.120 The geographic snail Josh is found along the coral reefs 0:19:03.160 --> 0:19:06.760 of the Indo Pacific and it is uh little brown 0:19:06.760 --> 0:19:11.280 and white gastropod and it has the ability to paralyze 0:19:11.280 --> 0:19:15.800 you almost instantly with a little mini spear. It's like 0:19:15.840 --> 0:19:17.760 extends a tube, black organ with a spear on the 0:19:17.840 --> 0:19:20.960 end of it and just boom, you swim by and 0:19:21.160 --> 0:19:24.639 you paralyzed. And some little smaller creatures die before they 0:19:24.680 --> 0:19:26.920 even realize they've been bitten. In't that awesome? Yeah? They're 0:19:26.920 --> 0:19:30.400 like what the or not even what the? Yeah, just 0:19:30.920 --> 0:19:32.439 they're like I wonder why I'm going to have for 0:19:32.640 --> 0:19:35.960 lunch and then nothing, Yeah, then you aren't lunch. And 0:19:36.000 --> 0:19:39.840 apparently this little spear that this protrusion um can reach 0:19:39.880 --> 0:19:43.879 anywhere on it shells, so you can't pick it up anywhere. Yeah, 0:19:44.080 --> 0:19:45.840 or you're in big trouble. You go at it from 0:19:45.880 --> 0:19:47.560 like the very rear and you think I'm safe here, 0:19:47.560 --> 0:19:50.959 and I think you'd probably use like long tongue or 0:19:51.000 --> 0:19:54.760 something like that. That's how you handle a cone snail. Uh. 0:19:54.840 --> 0:19:57.800 The inland taipe An, I've never heard of the snake. 0:19:58.200 --> 0:20:02.400 It's a snake. It's an Australian. And let's talk about 0:20:02.400 --> 0:20:06.960 its venom. Okay, the taipe hand has a venomous bite 0:20:07.119 --> 0:20:10.480 powerful enough. This is this sign a T shirt to 0:20:10.680 --> 0:20:14.480 kill fifteen thousand mice. It's a lot of mice death. 0:20:14.520 --> 0:20:16.520 I don't know how many humans that is, but that's 0:20:16.640 --> 0:20:20.760 certainly more than one. Yeah, I would think. Ah, they 0:20:20.800 --> 0:20:23.159 created an anti vennin luckily, but before that you were 0:20:23.200 --> 0:20:26.160 pretty much toast if you got bitten by one of these. Yeah. 0:20:26.200 --> 0:20:28.120 And do you want to talk about any even real 0:20:28.200 --> 0:20:32.159 quick anti what antie vennin? Yeah? Go ahead. So you 0:20:32.160 --> 0:20:36.560 know how it's made, right? Uh? No, I didn't until today, 0:20:36.600 --> 0:20:40.919 but it's pretty awesome. Let's hear. Basically, they milk, right, 0:20:40.960 --> 0:20:44.280 And there's actually a guy in Kentucky whose job it is, 0:20:44.600 --> 0:20:48.840 and he's one of several I imagine he milks venomous snakes. 0:20:49.320 --> 0:20:51.760 It makes some pretty pretty good money doing it, but 0:20:51.800 --> 0:20:54.920 it's a lot of repetitive work. Like a graham of 0:20:55.520 --> 0:20:59.520 oh what is it, I think, um, rattlesnake. Maybe, no, 0:20:59.640 --> 0:21:03.800 coral snake. A gram of coral snake. Venom to be 0:21:03.920 --> 0:21:07.080 used to make any venom um is like a grand 0:21:07.280 --> 0:21:09.160 thousand dollars, Like you can sell it for a thousand 0:21:09.200 --> 0:21:11.920 dollars of pop. But it takes like three folks to 0:21:12.000 --> 0:21:15.399 create a graham of this venom. Right, so the guys 0:21:15.440 --> 0:21:19.600 working hard, but he's being paid well for his anyway. 0:21:19.840 --> 0:21:25.239 They milk whatever animal it is, whether it's black widow box, jellyfish, uh, 0:21:25.440 --> 0:21:31.600 a rattlesnake exactly, um, and they take the venom. They 0:21:32.160 --> 0:21:37.040 slowly introduce it into a horse's system. I think I 0:21:37.080 --> 0:21:42.400 didn't know this. The horse becomes immunized through to this 0:21:43.119 --> 0:21:47.560 venom whatever it is right over. Yeah, And then this 0:21:47.560 --> 0:21:50.920 this immunization is expressed in its hemoglobin. So they take 0:21:50.920 --> 0:21:55.960 the horse's hemoglobin. That's so it's immunized horse hemoglobin. That's 0:21:55.960 --> 0:21:59.520 an a venom. That's what they're injecting into you. And 0:21:59.520 --> 0:22:01.960 I was reading how they do it. If you come 0:22:01.960 --> 0:22:04.200 in you're like I got bit by a black widow, 0:22:04.240 --> 0:22:08.960 just like Dad said, right, Um, they they apparently if 0:22:09.000 --> 0:22:12.240 you're age sixteen to sixty, black widows are not quite 0:22:12.240 --> 0:22:14.720 so bad like they're They're like, you can treat this 0:22:14.760 --> 0:22:16.719 with muscle relaxers and it should go away in a 0:22:16.720 --> 0:22:19.240 couple of days. Yeah, I've heard you feel pretty bad, Yes, 0:22:19.560 --> 0:22:24.040 very anxious and well you have trouble brilli. But after 0:22:24.080 --> 0:22:26.240 a couple of days it should pass and muscle relaxers 0:22:26.359 --> 0:22:30.920 will work. And barbiturous if you're real anxious. But um, 0:22:30.960 --> 0:22:33.320 if it's if you suspect it maybe a fatal bite, 0:22:33.480 --> 0:22:36.520 you use this anti venom, you vandon. I'm sorry, Chuck. 0:22:37.400 --> 0:22:39.680 You take a little bit and you, um, you mix 0:22:39.720 --> 0:22:44.359 it in with sodium solution, saltwater, and um, you start 0:22:44.359 --> 0:22:49.119 out with a point zero one solution and you go 0:22:49.200 --> 0:22:50.879 up to I think all the way up to a 0:22:50.960 --> 0:22:54.120 one to ten solution. Uh. And then that you give 0:22:54.200 --> 0:22:56.800 them the full dose of anti venom, which is horsteam 0:22:56.840 --> 0:23:00.399 with globin and that crazy extuff that never happens. That's 0:23:00.400 --> 0:23:03.919 how we treat snake bites in the century. Here's some 0:23:03.960 --> 0:23:08.399 horse blood. You mentioned pain killer. I did want to 0:23:08.400 --> 0:23:12.400 mention quickly that the the cone, not the cone snail, 0:23:12.560 --> 0:23:16.280 but the cone shell. I wonder if that's the same thing. Apparently, 0:23:16.280 --> 0:23:20.280 the cone shell's venom has been developed by drug companies 0:23:20.400 --> 0:23:23.399 for chronic pain because the venom is said to be 0:23:23.480 --> 0:23:27.399 ten thousand times stronger than morphine. That's a pain killer 0:23:28.119 --> 0:23:32.200 right there. I got anything else? Oh wait? The funnel 0:23:32.240 --> 0:23:37.399 web spider, also in Australia, also can kill you very quickly, 0:23:37.480 --> 0:23:42.080 under fifteen minutes. And uh it's known for being very aggressive. 0:23:42.640 --> 0:23:46.760 So you put two two words together, aggressive spider, and 0:23:46.880 --> 0:23:49.480 you'll see the back of my head walking out the 0:23:49.520 --> 0:23:52.560 door for the airport. I don't like spiders. I'm not 0:23:52.600 --> 0:23:56.119 big on spiders either, nor aggressive ones. Well, those are 0:23:56.119 --> 0:23:58.240 the worst kind of spiders really, because you know you're 0:23:58.280 --> 0:24:00.240 raised like well, if you leave them alone, they'll leave 0:24:00.240 --> 0:24:02.600 you alone. Except for that one. Yeah, he'll come after 0:24:02.640 --> 0:24:04.359 you in your sleep and crawl up your nose and 0:24:04.440 --> 0:24:07.199