1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,880 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,360 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hi everyone, I'm Eves and welcome to This 3 00:00:07,440 --> 00:00:10,600 Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a podcast where we rip out 4 00:00:10,600 --> 00:00:14,360 Speaker 1: a page from the history books. Every day. Today is 5 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:29,680 Speaker 1: October nineteen. The day was October two. Pope Gregory introduced 6 00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:33,519 Speaker 1: the Gregorian calendar as a way to reform the Julian calendar. 7 00:00:34,640 --> 00:00:38,040 Speaker 1: The previous day was October four on the Julian calendar. 8 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:41,600 Speaker 1: Until the end of the twenty one century, the Julian 9 00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:46,760 Speaker 1: calendar is thirteen days behind the Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian 10 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:50,680 Speaker 1: calendar is used in most of the world today. There's 11 00:00:50,680 --> 00:00:53,479 Speaker 1: a leap year. Every four years. On the Julian calendar, 12 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:56,560 Speaker 1: an extra day is added to the month of February, 13 00:00:56,720 --> 00:00:59,000 Speaker 1: so that the year is three hundred and sixty six 14 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:02,840 Speaker 1: days long. That means the Julian solar year is about 15 00:01:02,840 --> 00:01:05,800 Speaker 1: three hundred and sixty five and one fourth days long, 16 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:10,520 Speaker 1: But the solar year is slightly shorter than that. It 17 00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:13,720 Speaker 1: comes in at approximately three hundred and sixty five point 18 00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:17,919 Speaker 1: two four two days. Broken down, that's about three hundred 19 00:01:17,920 --> 00:01:21,319 Speaker 1: and sixty five days, five hours, forty eight minutes, and 20 00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:25,759 Speaker 1: forty five seconds. Because the Julian year was about eleven 21 00:01:25,760 --> 00:01:28,840 Speaker 1: minutes longer than the mean solar year. The date of 22 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:32,760 Speaker 1: the equinox, according to the Julian calendar, was many days 23 00:01:32,800 --> 00:01:36,440 Speaker 1: off from the observed date of the equinox. In reality, 24 00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:40,240 Speaker 1: that in turn caused dates on the religious calendar to 25 00:01:40,280 --> 00:01:43,399 Speaker 1: be skewed, since the date of Easter was based on 26 00:01:43,440 --> 00:01:48,120 Speaker 1: the Northern Hemisphere spring equinox. People were aware of this 27 00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:52,560 Speaker 1: drift and that calendar reform was needed for centuries before 28 00:01:52,600 --> 00:01:57,000 Speaker 1: the Gregorian calendar was introduced, but previous attempts to change 29 00:01:57,000 --> 00:02:01,200 Speaker 1: the calendar filled through. Still, the need to update the 30 00:02:01,240 --> 00:02:05,040 Speaker 1: calendar became more urgent. In its fifteen sixty two to 31 00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:08,560 Speaker 1: fifteen sixty three session, the Council of Trent called for 32 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:12,440 Speaker 1: Pope Paul the Third to reform the calendar. The plan 33 00:02:12,680 --> 00:02:15,120 Speaker 1: was to change the date of the vernal or spring 34 00:02:15,240 --> 00:02:19,120 Speaker 1: equinox back to March one, which was the date of 35 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:21,440 Speaker 1: the equinox that was fixed by the Church at the 36 00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:26,640 Speaker 1: time of the Council of Naucia, and it took until 37 00:02:26,760 --> 00:02:29,840 Speaker 1: fifteen eighty two for the change to happen, when Pope 38 00:02:29,880 --> 00:02:36,200 Speaker 1: gregoryte a papal bull authorizing a reformed calendar. Gregory's reforms 39 00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:39,480 Speaker 1: were based on the research and suggestions of Italian scientists 40 00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:46,480 Speaker 1: Aloisius Lilius and German mathematician Christopher Claudius. October four eighty 41 00:02:46,520 --> 00:02:50,440 Speaker 1: two on the Julian calendar was followed by October on 42 00:02:50,520 --> 00:02:54,040 Speaker 1: the Gregorian calendar, with no change in the continuity of 43 00:02:54,080 --> 00:02:58,000 Speaker 1: week days. The Church chose October so it could avoid 44 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:02,840 Speaker 1: disrupting any major Christian celebra rations. On the Gregorian calendar, 45 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:06,000 Speaker 1: no century year is a leap year unless it's divisible 46 00:03:06,120 --> 00:03:09,600 Speaker 1: by four hundred. This helps ensure the calendar year is 47 00:03:09,680 --> 00:03:13,480 Speaker 1: nearly the same length as the solar year. Much of 48 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:16,640 Speaker 1: Roman Catholic Europe adopted the new calendar within a year, 49 00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: but Protestant and Orthodox states were slow to follow. The 50 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:26,960 Speaker 1: Protestant German states switched in sixte Britain and its territories 51 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:30,440 Speaker 1: made the change in seventeen fifty two, and from there 52 00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:34,120 Speaker 1: more countries around the world adopted the Gregorian calendar until 53 00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:38,840 Speaker 1: its use was widespread, though many countries in Eastern Europe 54 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:43,000 Speaker 1: used the Julian calendar into the twentieth century. Though the 55 00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:48,240 Speaker 1: Gregorian calendar is the international standard, some countries use other calendars, 56 00:03:48,320 --> 00:03:54,040 Speaker 1: and people have proposed reforms to the Gregorian calendar. I'm Eaves, Jeffcode, 57 00:03:54,080 --> 00:03:56,720 Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today 58 00:03:56,760 --> 00:04:00,360 Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. Give us a shout or a 59 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:05,600 Speaker 1: share on social media at t D I h C Podcast. 60 00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:09,360 Speaker 1: If you prefer something a little bit more formal, then 61 00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:12,520 Speaker 1: you can write us at this Day at I heart 62 00:04:12,600 --> 00:04:16,640 Speaker 1: media dot com. I truly hope you enjoyed today's show. 63 00:04:16,760 --> 00:04:31,680 Speaker 1: We'll be back tomorrow with another episode. M For more 64 00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:34,240 Speaker 1: podcasts from my heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, 65 00:04:34,320 --> 00:04:36,960 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.