1 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,680 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff 2 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:13,880 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 3 00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:17,400 Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Douglas. And uh, 4 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:20,640 Speaker 1: today we're talking about dads, about fathers, but not not 5 00:00:20,680 --> 00:00:23,599 Speaker 1: just boring human fathers. We're talking about the dads of nature, 6 00:00:23,960 --> 00:00:27,560 Speaker 1: the dads of the wild, the dad's the animal kingdom. Yeah, 7 00:00:27,600 --> 00:00:33,080 Speaker 1: the dads with tales and paws and claws, I mean, 8 00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:36,960 Speaker 1: you know, and sometimes mucus filled pouches and oh you're 9 00:00:37,040 --> 00:00:40,160 Speaker 1: jumping ahead there, yeah yeah, um, but yeah, we're gonna 10 00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:42,720 Speaker 1: bring you mucus filled pouches and all sorts of tales 11 00:00:42,800 --> 00:00:45,080 Speaker 1: of of dads in the wild. And I guess it's 12 00:00:45,080 --> 00:00:49,080 Speaker 1: sort of like an early like Father's Day, um inquisition 13 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:51,880 Speaker 1: into the wild and how dads behave. Yeah, we're gonna 14 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:53,480 Speaker 1: look at the good, the bad, and ugly, and we're 15 00:00:53,479 --> 00:00:55,600 Speaker 1: just gonna go ahead be upfront about the fact that 16 00:00:55,640 --> 00:00:59,000 Speaker 1: we are bringing our anthropomorphic baggage with us on this one. 17 00:00:59,160 --> 00:01:01,720 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah. And um, as we have done a 18 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:05,000 Speaker 1: lot of research on on different types of dad animals, 19 00:01:05,040 --> 00:01:08,800 Speaker 1: we have found a ton of anthropomorphicism too. I mean, 20 00:01:08,840 --> 00:01:11,880 Speaker 1: not just in uh, an article being carried on the 21 00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:14,920 Speaker 1: news wire about a specific dad in the wild, but 22 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:17,600 Speaker 1: studies too, Yeah, because I mean, we can't help but 23 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:20,120 Speaker 1: bring that in with us. And and and in some cases, 24 00:01:20,200 --> 00:01:22,840 Speaker 1: we're studying fatherhood in nature to try to get a 25 00:01:22,880 --> 00:01:26,920 Speaker 1: better handle on fatherhood um, just within human um, the 26 00:01:26,959 --> 00:01:29,840 Speaker 1: human species and human civilization, which you know that the 27 00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:31,840 Speaker 1: jury is still kind of out on exactly what a 28 00:01:31,880 --> 00:01:35,760 Speaker 1: father is to us. It's rather complicated idea. So it 29 00:01:36,240 --> 00:01:39,919 Speaker 1: gets even trickier when we start taking our uncertain model 30 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:43,160 Speaker 1: of human fatherhood and then start applying it to other 31 00:01:43,280 --> 00:01:46,440 Speaker 1: cases where evolution has you know, come up with a 32 00:01:46,480 --> 00:01:50,320 Speaker 1: situation that clearly works, but it may not, uh may 33 00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:53,080 Speaker 1: not have a lot of parallels with human fatherhood. Yeah. 34 00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:55,280 Speaker 1: I was thinking about that even in human culture. I 35 00:01:55,280 --> 00:01:57,000 Speaker 1: mean that what it means to be a father in 36 00:01:57,040 --> 00:02:00,640 Speaker 1: one culture is completely different than another. So there you go. 37 00:02:00,880 --> 00:02:04,160 Speaker 1: We just got the pinnopoly of craziness going on. Well, 38 00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:08,200 Speaker 1: let's let's dive in. Let's talk about the good guys, yeah, 39 00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:12,880 Speaker 1: and the casby fathers, yeah, the wild and in some 40 00:02:12,919 --> 00:02:18,119 Speaker 1: cases the discipline daddies, yeah, the tough love dad's yeah. Yeah. 41 00:02:18,160 --> 00:02:20,440 Speaker 1: One of my favorites is and I think just because 42 00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:24,480 Speaker 1: of the imagery is something called Darwin's frog. And these 43 00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:27,560 Speaker 1: guys are really cool because they safeguard their offspring inside 44 00:02:27,560 --> 00:02:31,520 Speaker 1: their mouths, and the female lays about thirty eggs and 45 00:02:31,560 --> 00:02:34,640 Speaker 1: then the male guards the nest and then after the 46 00:02:34,720 --> 00:02:38,360 Speaker 1: tadpoles hatch, that's when he scoops them into his vocal 47 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:42,040 Speaker 1: sack and then from there the tadpoles feed off their 48 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:45,400 Speaker 1: egg yolk and then once they grow legs, the father 49 00:02:45,480 --> 00:02:48,320 Speaker 1: opens his mouth and lets them hop free. I love it. 50 00:02:49,480 --> 00:02:52,600 Speaker 1: And if if he encounters any predators along the way, 51 00:02:52,600 --> 00:02:54,280 Speaker 1: he can roll over and play dead and look like 52 00:02:54,320 --> 00:02:58,480 Speaker 1: dead leaves. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, so he's a pretty 53 00:02:58,480 --> 00:03:00,000 Speaker 1: good dad. I like it just because it reminded me 54 00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:02,920 Speaker 1: like Zeus and Athena, like emerging from his head all 55 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:05,359 Speaker 1: the out of his mouth and like little frog legs 56 00:03:05,400 --> 00:03:08,400 Speaker 1: coming out of the mouth is pretty exciting. Yeah, and well, 57 00:03:08,440 --> 00:03:11,160 Speaker 1: I love exam. Anytime they're an animal keeps its young 58 00:03:11,160 --> 00:03:14,960 Speaker 1: and it's now it's kind of awesome. Yeah sure yeah. Uh. 59 00:03:15,080 --> 00:03:17,560 Speaker 1: Now there's another frog that deserves quick mentioned, and that's 60 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:22,160 Speaker 1: the barking frog. And this is a North American frog 61 00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:24,799 Speaker 1: and Uh, he stays near the eggs after they's hat 62 00:03:24,800 --> 00:03:26,880 Speaker 1: they've hatched. He doesn't keep them in his mouth, but 63 00:03:26,919 --> 00:03:28,760 Speaker 1: he peas on them to keep them from drying out. 64 00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:32,959 Speaker 1: So so he has a different parenting approach that definitely 65 00:03:32,960 --> 00:03:36,160 Speaker 1: doesn't really have any close parallels with human fatherhood, but 66 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:38,760 Speaker 1: it's pretty it's pretty important. If if dad wasn't there 67 00:03:38,760 --> 00:03:41,160 Speaker 1: to pee on the young uns, they would not survive 68 00:03:41,200 --> 00:03:44,360 Speaker 1: in the wild. Oh man, I just there's so many 69 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:48,200 Speaker 1: things I can't say right now, but you gotta do 70 00:03:48,200 --> 00:03:51,360 Speaker 1: what you gotta do, right yeah. Yeah. And then I 71 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:55,760 Speaker 1: think that one of the iconic figures in nature and 72 00:03:55,840 --> 00:03:58,320 Speaker 1: we all know are penguins, right, oh, yes, these are 73 00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:00,440 Speaker 1: the big ones. People were probably like and we're going 74 00:04:00,480 --> 00:04:02,320 Speaker 1: to kick off with penguins, but we didn't. We threw 75 00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:04,080 Speaker 1: them for a curve. That's right, We give you one too, 76 00:04:04,080 --> 00:04:08,400 Speaker 1: punch um. Yeah. And uh, the Empire penguins, Yes, the 77 00:04:08,440 --> 00:04:12,440 Speaker 1: Emperor penguins in particular, because they they live these long 78 00:04:12,480 --> 00:04:14,920 Speaker 1: winners out on the open eyes, and they choose the 79 00:04:14,960 --> 00:04:18,960 Speaker 1: most hostile time imaginable to breed. They're they're you know, 80 00:04:19,000 --> 00:04:22,800 Speaker 1: their their their inland. They're freezing, and now is the 81 00:04:22,839 --> 00:04:26,280 Speaker 1: time they're going to bring a delicate offspring into one 82 00:04:26,279 --> 00:04:28,960 Speaker 1: of the most hostile environments on the planet. Yeah. And 83 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:30,920 Speaker 1: if you've seen March of the Penguins, you know we're 84 00:04:30,920 --> 00:04:33,159 Speaker 1: talking about here. That's when they all sort of huddle 85 00:04:33,279 --> 00:04:36,240 Speaker 1: together in mass and it almost looks like they need 86 00:04:36,279 --> 00:04:39,200 Speaker 1: to have like you know, tin drums with like you know, 87 00:04:39,360 --> 00:04:43,479 Speaker 1: pieces of kindling in it, you know, to keep warm. Here, 88 00:04:43,480 --> 00:04:46,960 Speaker 1: I am anthropomorphosizing right here. That was kind of an 89 00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:50,720 Speaker 1: anthropomorphizing film, right, Oh. Yeah, absolutely, And that was one 90 00:04:50,760 --> 00:04:53,360 Speaker 1: of those things that I completely tugged at your heartstrings 91 00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:57,159 Speaker 1: because you see this struggle for life happening. Yeah. I 92 00:04:57,200 --> 00:04:59,320 Speaker 1: had more of a struggle to stay awake when I 93 00:04:59,320 --> 00:05:02,599 Speaker 1: watched it. Good you told me that I don't understand that. Well, 94 00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:04,760 Speaker 1: you know, it's like you're watching The March of the Penguins. 95 00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:08,120 Speaker 1: It's all I just like, you know, all this wind 96 00:05:08,279 --> 00:05:11,760 Speaker 1: and and you know, nice white vista's and penguins standing 97 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:15,320 Speaker 1: there looking cute, and and then Morgan Freeman is talking 98 00:05:15,320 --> 00:05:17,360 Speaker 1: to you and the next thing you know, you've you've 99 00:05:17,360 --> 00:05:18,840 Speaker 1: gone to sleep in the credits are rolling. So I 100 00:05:18,880 --> 00:05:20,920 Speaker 1: don't know how that turned out, but I assume the 101 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:23,240 Speaker 1: Penguins March. I can kind of understand that. I was 102 00:05:23,279 --> 00:05:26,000 Speaker 1: just thinking about eraser Head and like, where how much 103 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:28,440 Speaker 1: of that film is just about the noise, you know? 104 00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:30,800 Speaker 1: And then yeah, you've got the tundrick winds. Like when 105 00:05:30,800 --> 00:05:32,480 Speaker 1: you think the March of the Penguins, you think a 106 00:05:32,560 --> 00:05:36,159 Speaker 1: raser Head, absolutely do. Yeah, I mean he was a 107 00:05:36,160 --> 00:05:38,680 Speaker 1: father as well, all right, well yeah he was. Probably 108 00:05:39,040 --> 00:05:41,880 Speaker 1: he was a bad brother though, I guess. But anyway, Yeah, 109 00:05:41,880 --> 00:05:43,799 Speaker 1: I mean, this is the cool thing about these guys 110 00:05:44,839 --> 00:05:48,560 Speaker 1: is that after the mother lays the egg, they do 111 00:05:48,640 --> 00:05:54,480 Speaker 1: this really intricate little handoff between each other from from 112 00:05:54,520 --> 00:05:56,320 Speaker 1: to the father, so that he can then sort of 113 00:05:56,680 --> 00:05:59,960 Speaker 1: put the egg, you know, cuddle of the egg inside 114 00:06:00,360 --> 00:06:02,640 Speaker 1: well not inside himself, but in the folds of his 115 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:05,920 Speaker 1: own flesh and keep that egg warm. Yeah. It's kind 116 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:08,360 Speaker 1: of like the like aren't there. And there's some sort 117 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:10,359 Speaker 1: of like a parlor game where you have to pass 118 00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:13,039 Speaker 1: up an egg from one person or the other and 119 00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:16,160 Speaker 1: you like like take a chicken egg and you like 120 00:06:16,520 --> 00:06:19,520 Speaker 1: clutch it between your neck and your chest and then 121 00:06:19,520 --> 00:06:21,680 Speaker 1: the other person has to get the egg, but you 122 00:06:21,680 --> 00:06:23,440 Speaker 1: can't drop the egg. It's just like some sort of 123 00:06:23,520 --> 00:06:27,960 Speaker 1: nineteenth century village like parlor game. I think it's like 124 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:31,159 Speaker 1: a party game from back when kids didn't you know, 125 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:33,800 Speaker 1: we're too poor to have actual games. I think you 126 00:06:33,880 --> 00:06:35,880 Speaker 1: use like an apple or a balloon or something as well. 127 00:06:35,960 --> 00:06:38,280 Speaker 1: But it's kind of like that. It's it's because if 128 00:06:38,320 --> 00:06:41,120 Speaker 1: they if the egg ends up rolling away, it's not 129 00:06:41,160 --> 00:06:43,880 Speaker 1: gonna last long at all, like right, because the conditions 130 00:06:43,880 --> 00:06:47,279 Speaker 1: are so very hard. Yeah, like time is of the essence, 131 00:06:47,320 --> 00:06:49,680 Speaker 1: even like just a understand it's just you know, a 132 00:06:49,680 --> 00:06:51,720 Speaker 1: few seconds, if that thing rolls a few feet away, 133 00:06:51,800 --> 00:06:54,360 Speaker 1: it could still do. Yeah, you're right. And that's that's 134 00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:57,640 Speaker 1: why I thought it was such an amazing film to 135 00:06:57,760 --> 00:07:00,479 Speaker 1: see that, you know, life is so precarious that with 136 00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:03,320 Speaker 1: those two seconds have transfer from from the mother to 137 00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:06,480 Speaker 1: the father, that the egg could in fact roll away 138 00:07:06,560 --> 00:07:09,080 Speaker 1: or there'd be some sort of horrible accent that would happen. 139 00:07:09,600 --> 00:07:11,560 Speaker 1: But yeah, I mean that that's what happens. The dad 140 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:15,080 Speaker 1: then kind of tucks up the egg and sits there 141 00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:19,440 Speaker 1: in that freezing cold, being bombarded by the winds. Now 142 00:07:19,800 --> 00:07:22,480 Speaker 1: that the egg is actually balanced on his feet too, 143 00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:24,800 Speaker 1: it's not like a situation where he's like setting on 144 00:07:24,840 --> 00:07:27,760 Speaker 1: it like a chicken or something. He's balancing it on 145 00:07:27,760 --> 00:07:30,760 Speaker 1: the top of his feet with his like tummy fat 146 00:07:30,800 --> 00:07:34,760 Speaker 1: over it and uh and and keeping it warm that way. 147 00:07:34,880 --> 00:07:38,000 Speaker 1: And then baby sits it for two months and eats nothing. 148 00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:41,360 Speaker 1: See this, I mean that's dedication right there. I would say, 149 00:07:41,440 --> 00:07:43,160 Speaker 1: like if it were a day or two that he 150 00:07:43,240 --> 00:07:47,360 Speaker 1: had to undergo like these really austere conditions, I'd be like, yeah, okay, 151 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:50,560 Speaker 1: no big deal, but yeah to two months starving yourself 152 00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:53,440 Speaker 1: just so you can warm this little egg. And meanwhile 153 00:07:53,600 --> 00:07:56,280 Speaker 1: mom is off trying to go get some food, right, yeah, 154 00:07:56,320 --> 00:07:59,800 Speaker 1: because remember there in this really hostile, isolated environment inland, 155 00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:02,640 Speaker 1: and the penguin's there's no food around. The penguin has 156 00:08:02,640 --> 00:08:04,000 Speaker 1: to the mom has to march all the way to 157 00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:08,080 Speaker 1: the ocean to go catch something, chew it up, and 158 00:08:08,080 --> 00:08:12,480 Speaker 1: then bring the precious uh fish fishy vomit back for 159 00:08:12,520 --> 00:08:16,160 Speaker 1: the kiddos. Yeah, fishy vomit, fishy vomit stew. But yeah, 160 00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:17,760 Speaker 1: I mean, and then her life is in danger too, 161 00:08:17,800 --> 00:08:20,760 Speaker 1: right because she's trying to come back. She certainly prey 162 00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:23,000 Speaker 1: at that point when she enters the water. But yep, 163 00:08:23,120 --> 00:08:29,160 Speaker 1: those guys definitely iconic. And then another great dad. Um, great, 164 00:08:29,240 --> 00:08:31,160 Speaker 1: I think again, because he's taking on the bulk of 165 00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:35,800 Speaker 1: responsibilities here in terms of jest stating, is a seahorse 166 00:08:36,120 --> 00:08:38,959 Speaker 1: Oh yes, this is the other big example where the 167 00:08:39,720 --> 00:08:42,960 Speaker 1: female actually inserts a tube into the male's brood pouch 168 00:08:43,480 --> 00:08:45,880 Speaker 1: and him pregnates him with eggs. That was pretty x 169 00:08:46,040 --> 00:08:51,280 Speaker 1: x X yeah. Um yes and actually a National Wildlife Federation. 170 00:08:51,400 --> 00:08:53,880 Speaker 1: This is from their article A Father's Day Top ten. 171 00:08:54,760 --> 00:08:58,160 Speaker 1: According to evolutionary e collegist Sarah Lewis at Touch University, 172 00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:01,439 Speaker 1: seahorses are the champions paternal care. They are one of 173 00:09:01,480 --> 00:09:05,160 Speaker 1: the few animals where the males are more phoologically specialized 174 00:09:05,160 --> 00:09:07,200 Speaker 1: to take care of the young. So there's sort of there. 175 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:12,120 Speaker 1: They're not just doing this because you know it's a choice. Yeah, 176 00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:15,120 Speaker 1: this is part of their biology. And uh and when 177 00:09:15,120 --> 00:09:18,160 Speaker 1: we're talking about him, the male sea horse carrying babies, 178 00:09:18,160 --> 00:09:20,360 Speaker 1: we're having as many as two thousand at a time 179 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:23,880 Speaker 1: and this pregnancy last ten to twenty five days, which 180 00:09:23,960 --> 00:09:26,280 Speaker 1: done so much does but you know, these guys don't 181 00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:29,440 Speaker 1: live that long. And um, of course it's important to 182 00:09:29,440 --> 00:09:32,200 Speaker 1: note that the dad doesn't stick around neither, just the 183 00:09:32,200 --> 00:09:34,160 Speaker 1: mother after they're born. This is a case where we 184 00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:37,360 Speaker 1: talk about the you know, the champion, the parental instinct 185 00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:40,600 Speaker 1: and you know, evolutionary necessity of the the seahorse fathers. 186 00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:44,280 Speaker 1: But after the young are born, they're on their own, 187 00:09:44,320 --> 00:09:46,800 Speaker 1: which is why they have as many as two thousand 188 00:09:46,840 --> 00:09:48,760 Speaker 1: at a time, because most of those are going to 189 00:09:48,800 --> 00:09:52,120 Speaker 1: wind up eaten or dead, right right, So I guess 190 00:09:52,120 --> 00:09:53,960 Speaker 1: the father is a good father in the sense that 191 00:09:54,080 --> 00:09:56,880 Speaker 1: he's helping out again during the testation period, but he 192 00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:58,839 Speaker 1: hits the road. And it was this the one too 193 00:09:58,840 --> 00:10:00,280 Speaker 1: that you're saying that the mom was kind a near 194 00:10:00,360 --> 00:10:03,360 Speaker 1: do well, Like right after she impregnates the sea horse, 195 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:05,839 Speaker 1: she just kind of takes off. Yeah, but I mean, 196 00:10:05,960 --> 00:10:07,720 Speaker 1: but then again, it's like it's not like he stays 197 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:10,679 Speaker 1: around after he is you know, well, I'm not sure 198 00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:15,199 Speaker 1: what the word is, um gives birth, Yeah, sort of 199 00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:19,480 Speaker 1: jet the eggs, Yeah, shoots and uh and get to 200 00:10:19,480 --> 00:10:22,800 Speaker 1: put up a finer number percentage on that that whole 201 00:10:22,920 --> 00:10:25,959 Speaker 1: uh most of them die. Think a fewer than five 202 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:31,400 Speaker 1: infant sea horses in every thousand survived to adulthood. Yeah, okay, Yeah, 203 00:10:31,559 --> 00:10:34,079 Speaker 1: so so there you go. And then this is another 204 00:10:34,120 --> 00:10:36,360 Speaker 1: one that I like, Red Fox, the red Fox may 205 00:10:36,400 --> 00:10:39,120 Speaker 1: be the best one, not the Red Fox, only one 206 00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:42,199 Speaker 1: D and one X. We're not talking about the star Stanford, 207 00:10:42,640 --> 00:10:47,320 Speaker 1: that's right. Although he was a good dad, yeah, I thought, well, okay, 208 00:10:47,440 --> 00:10:51,760 Speaker 1: I guess good is relative. Yeah, I don't know, but 209 00:10:51,840 --> 00:10:54,240 Speaker 1: I don't know anything about his the actual Red Fox, 210 00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:58,560 Speaker 1: but I guess he was an alright dad in the fiction. Yeah, um, 211 00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:01,800 Speaker 1: but yeah, for about a month after the fox female 212 00:11:01,880 --> 00:11:04,560 Speaker 1: gives birth, the father provides food for her every four 213 00:11:04,600 --> 00:11:07,280 Speaker 1: to six hours, which is pretty great for a whole month. 214 00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:12,160 Speaker 1: And father that yeah, he was like a postpartum dula 215 00:11:12,280 --> 00:11:14,120 Speaker 1: kind of as well, or even just you know in 216 00:11:14,200 --> 00:11:18,440 Speaker 1: some cultures where the all the the matriarchs sort of 217 00:11:18,440 --> 00:11:20,400 Speaker 1: move in for a month and take care of the female. 218 00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:25,080 Speaker 1: He's actually performing a very similar task. And he's really 219 00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:27,720 Speaker 1: playful with the pups, and he's very attentive for about 220 00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:30,920 Speaker 1: three months, right, but then the tough love kicks in 221 00:11:32,080 --> 00:11:36,280 Speaker 1: and uh. And this is through David Henry and in 222 00:11:36,320 --> 00:11:39,040 Speaker 1: colleges for the Canadian National Park. He says, through years 223 00:11:39,040 --> 00:11:42,160 Speaker 1: of observation, I've come to believe parents start reducing food 224 00:11:42,240 --> 00:11:44,559 Speaker 1: as a tactic to get the pups moving away from 225 00:11:44,600 --> 00:11:48,320 Speaker 1: the den um it's so the fox actually starts to 226 00:11:48,360 --> 00:11:51,760 Speaker 1: reduce the food supply, but does something really kind of cool. 227 00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:55,760 Speaker 1: He takes food and then he buries it nearby, so 228 00:11:55,840 --> 00:11:58,640 Speaker 1: he's not completely like saying, you're on your own their kids. 229 00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:02,560 Speaker 1: This allows the young foxes to try to sniff out 230 00:12:03,240 --> 00:12:07,560 Speaker 1: the meal essentially, and um it starts to cultivate hunting habits. 231 00:12:07,880 --> 00:12:09,840 Speaker 1: Oh that's cool. Yeah. Yeah, you'll see this kind of 232 00:12:09,840 --> 00:12:12,520 Speaker 1: behavior in a number of different animals where they'll there's 233 00:12:12,520 --> 00:12:15,600 Speaker 1: this teaching going on. I think it's like, I think 234 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:18,559 Speaker 1: it's uh, um mere cats. Meercats are the ones that 235 00:12:18,679 --> 00:12:21,920 Speaker 1: stand up and yes, yeah, yeah, the meercats like they'll 236 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:25,480 Speaker 1: they'll do things like like wound a scorpion so that 237 00:12:25,600 --> 00:12:28,720 Speaker 1: the young one can can kill it and learn to kill. 238 00:12:28,800 --> 00:12:34,000 Speaker 1: So yeah, that the teaching that hunting instinct. What's the phrase, 239 00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:36,520 Speaker 1: Give a man a fish and he'll eat a meal. 240 00:12:36,720 --> 00:12:38,480 Speaker 1: This is an all. Give a man a fish and 241 00:12:38,480 --> 00:12:41,040 Speaker 1: he'll eat for a day. Teach a man to fish 242 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:44,280 Speaker 1: and he'll eat, and he'll always fish all day. Yeah, 243 00:12:44,480 --> 00:12:47,800 Speaker 1: they always have food something or something. He'll get really bored. 244 00:12:48,400 --> 00:12:50,320 Speaker 1: But that was just that was me. I got really 245 00:12:50,360 --> 00:12:54,560 Speaker 1: boored fishing. Um, it's nice. I think it's relaxing. There's 246 00:12:54,600 --> 00:12:58,320 Speaker 1: another really cool example of fatherhood that I ran across, 247 00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:02,679 Speaker 1: and this is a bird called jacana and this uh, 248 00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:06,200 Speaker 1: this Virgil find in Texas, but generally it's more of 249 00:13:06,200 --> 00:13:10,720 Speaker 1: a Mexican kind of bird. And this is a situation 250 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:15,559 Speaker 1: where the female actually has a harem of of males 251 00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:20,800 Speaker 1: that serve her and perform various domestic tasks, including building 252 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:24,600 Speaker 1: the nests, rearing individual clutches of eggs, and so she'll 253 00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:28,400 Speaker 1: have like up to four male counterparts scarring around doing 254 00:13:28,400 --> 00:13:30,960 Speaker 1: her bidding. So yeah, so you can have four dads, 255 00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:35,000 Speaker 1: four attentive dads if you happen to well to to 256 00:13:35,080 --> 00:13:39,400 Speaker 1: completely anthem anthropomorphosize that situation. That absolutely reminds me of 257 00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:42,439 Speaker 1: the Mosle people in China. Have you heard about them? 258 00:13:42,880 --> 00:13:49,679 Speaker 1: It's the matriarchal society. And basically, um, the males really 259 00:13:49,679 --> 00:13:53,240 Speaker 1: helped tend to the women and and they kind of 260 00:13:53,280 --> 00:13:56,520 Speaker 1: go out and they help rear the children, but they 261 00:13:56,559 --> 00:13:59,400 Speaker 1: don't actually help to rear their own children. And the 262 00:13:59,440 --> 00:14:01,800 Speaker 1: reason for the say is that the Mosl woman they 263 00:14:01,840 --> 00:14:04,120 Speaker 1: make all the choices in terms of partners that they 264 00:14:04,200 --> 00:14:08,199 Speaker 1: want to um have sex with. Or have a child with, 265 00:14:08,440 --> 00:14:10,560 Speaker 1: and they may decide that they want that guy to 266 00:14:10,600 --> 00:14:13,600 Speaker 1: walk in the morning. Um, But that doesn't mean that 267 00:14:13,600 --> 00:14:15,840 Speaker 1: he you know, can't see his child. It just means 268 00:14:15,880 --> 00:14:18,160 Speaker 1: that he probably is going to play more of a 269 00:14:18,280 --> 00:14:21,360 Speaker 1: role in that society as an uncle. So if a 270 00:14:21,560 --> 00:14:24,560 Speaker 1: if a woman in the most um society has a child, 271 00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:27,080 Speaker 1: most likely that child is going to be reared by 272 00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:31,600 Speaker 1: like four or five uncles, while the mosolam is is 273 00:14:31,680 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 1: often about working. Well, they have that kind of lines 274 00:14:34,280 --> 00:14:37,840 Speaker 1: up there, so certain extent, Yeah, yeah, I saw parallels. 275 00:14:37,880 --> 00:14:40,200 Speaker 1: I don't know, but that that may be. Also think 276 00:14:40,360 --> 00:14:43,880 Speaker 1: of father's roles in general, like what we would might say, well, 277 00:14:43,880 --> 00:14:46,080 Speaker 1: that's kind of bad because the father is not taking 278 00:14:46,080 --> 00:14:49,880 Speaker 1: an active part in his child's life, right, and so 279 00:14:50,840 --> 00:14:54,160 Speaker 1: you know, we we'll call that bad. You know. And 280 00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:58,280 Speaker 1: in the animal world, and we definitely have a lot 281 00:14:58,280 --> 00:15:01,880 Speaker 1: of examples here of that take off. Yeah, again, this 282 00:15:02,480 --> 00:15:06,600 Speaker 1: certainly works for these various species, but by human comparisons, 283 00:15:06,600 --> 00:15:08,200 Speaker 1: we could sort of say they're kind of bad. Dad's 284 00:15:09,120 --> 00:15:12,560 Speaker 1: one that that I like that it isn't you know, 285 00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:15,480 Speaker 1: this dad isn't terrible, But it's an interesting model to 286 00:15:15,480 --> 00:15:19,280 Speaker 1: to h to compare to to human fatherhood. You have 287 00:15:19,480 --> 00:15:25,080 Speaker 1: a particular species of morodent known as the well actually, 288 00:15:25,120 --> 00:15:30,800 Speaker 1: he's a marsupial brown and techinus, which is also known 289 00:15:30,920 --> 00:15:36,240 Speaker 1: as Maclay's marsupial mouse, and the male mates for twelve 290 00:15:36,320 --> 00:15:40,200 Speaker 1: hours at a time, ump sharing mating season, just just 291 00:15:40,840 --> 00:15:43,240 Speaker 1: one and just one you know, female to another, just 292 00:15:43,320 --> 00:15:48,960 Speaker 1: running orgiastic. Yeah, and he eventually um humps himself to 293 00:15:49,040 --> 00:15:53,080 Speaker 1: death quite quite quite quite frankly. So he goes around, 294 00:15:53,120 --> 00:15:57,560 Speaker 1: he does his his reproductive duties and just tires himself 295 00:15:57,600 --> 00:16:01,360 Speaker 1: out so much that he just dies. And uh, but 296 00:16:01,440 --> 00:16:04,320 Speaker 1: this isn't sad at all, because he's kind of worthless. 297 00:16:04,360 --> 00:16:06,760 Speaker 1: He's you know, he's you know, he's he's he's really 298 00:16:06,880 --> 00:16:09,720 Speaker 1: he's a really sexy marsupial. He's apparently a lot of 299 00:16:09,720 --> 00:16:12,680 Speaker 1: fun to to run around with, but he doesn't have 300 00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:16,840 Speaker 1: any real skills beyond this. So he does everybody a 301 00:16:16,880 --> 00:16:19,920 Speaker 1: favor and kicks the bucket before the the the the 302 00:16:20,080 --> 00:16:25,160 Speaker 1: young marsupial um mice, the young brown at at tech 303 00:16:25,200 --> 00:16:26,640 Speaker 1: and well, I don't know what the plural of a 304 00:16:26,720 --> 00:16:30,120 Speaker 1: technis would be, the a technist this is um begin 305 00:16:30,200 --> 00:16:32,520 Speaker 1: to grow, so he's not there's not another mouth to 306 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:35,040 Speaker 1: feed there. Yeah. Yeah, I mean this is still kind 307 00:16:35,080 --> 00:16:37,280 Speaker 1: a little bit depressing that that's his only role. And 308 00:16:37,400 --> 00:16:39,040 Speaker 1: well maybe not to him. Maybe he's like, this is 309 00:16:39,040 --> 00:16:41,680 Speaker 1: a perfect life for me. Well, but twelve our stretches 310 00:16:41,720 --> 00:16:44,040 Speaker 1: of sex, this is great. Yeah. But then again, as 311 00:16:44,080 --> 00:16:46,880 Speaker 1: i've I've actually drawn this comparison with a particular species 312 00:16:46,920 --> 00:16:50,440 Speaker 1: in the past, this is an interesting um look at 313 00:16:51,040 --> 00:16:53,760 Speaker 1: a species as a as a female species, as the 314 00:16:53,960 --> 00:16:57,400 Speaker 1: female is the species and the male is just a secondary, 315 00:16:57,520 --> 00:17:00,960 Speaker 1: secondary and adaptation of mutation that's necessar ary for reproduction. 316 00:17:01,440 --> 00:17:03,520 Speaker 1: So you know, it's like it's like drones and a 317 00:17:03,560 --> 00:17:06,000 Speaker 1: bee hive and the hive itself is female, but they 318 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:08,720 Speaker 1: have to create males here and there to just to 319 00:17:08,960 --> 00:17:10,880 Speaker 1: make sure that there's some sort of denic diversity sort 320 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:14,240 Speaker 1: of situation. And uh, I'm like them, you're pinning down there. Yeah. 321 00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:23,520 Speaker 1: This presentation is brought to you by Intel Sponsors of Tomorrow. 322 00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:31,040 Speaker 1: Another dad is that I was surprised about actually is 323 00:17:31,080 --> 00:17:34,639 Speaker 1: the dog the domesticated dog. I should say domesticated dogs 324 00:17:34,680 --> 00:17:38,199 Speaker 1: don't really give a care about their own offspring, but 325 00:17:38,320 --> 00:17:41,040 Speaker 1: they are highly protective of human children. And of course 326 00:17:41,080 --> 00:17:44,359 Speaker 1: we We talked about this and the podcast is Your 327 00:17:44,359 --> 00:17:47,520 Speaker 1: Dog Love You? Um. And you know, we know that 328 00:17:47,560 --> 00:17:50,199 Speaker 1: they evolve to really partner up with humans, so that 329 00:17:50,320 --> 00:17:52,960 Speaker 1: kind of makes sense. But at the same time, you know, 330 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:56,280 Speaker 1: to see that they have that ability um in this 331 00:17:56,280 --> 00:17:58,119 Speaker 1: this one instance, but they don't apply it across the 332 00:17:58,160 --> 00:18:00,600 Speaker 1: board to their own species is kind of interesting, especially 333 00:18:01,040 --> 00:18:04,800 Speaker 1: knowing that they evolved from wolves and wolves are actually 334 00:18:04,840 --> 00:18:08,159 Speaker 1: great dats. Well, but you look at domestic dogs and we, 335 00:18:08,480 --> 00:18:10,359 Speaker 1: as we've discussed in the past, we've really done a 336 00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:13,600 Speaker 1: number on dogs and domesticating them. We've we've taken like 337 00:18:13,640 --> 00:18:16,520 Speaker 1: an like in the case of uh, you know, various 338 00:18:16,600 --> 00:18:19,760 Speaker 1: hurting dogs. We've taken an animal's natural hunting instinct. We've 339 00:18:19,840 --> 00:18:23,359 Speaker 1: perverted it into this thing where they go out and 340 00:18:23,359 --> 00:18:26,360 Speaker 1: and control our prey animals for us and move them 341 00:18:26,359 --> 00:18:28,480 Speaker 1: around and in some in some cases make them look 342 00:18:28,520 --> 00:18:30,800 Speaker 1: like a video game if you've looked at that on YouTube, 343 00:18:31,240 --> 00:18:34,280 Speaker 1: um and uh. And then we take them out of 344 00:18:34,280 --> 00:18:36,119 Speaker 1: that environment and like put them in a you know, 345 00:18:36,160 --> 00:18:40,920 Speaker 1: somebody's uh, urban apartment, and then the dog has nothing 346 00:18:40,960 --> 00:18:43,440 Speaker 1: to do. We've we've perverted its original purpose and then 347 00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:46,480 Speaker 1: taking that the new purpose away from it. So yeah, 348 00:18:46,560 --> 00:18:49,080 Speaker 1: and as one astute listener pointed out, it's a lot 349 00:18:49,119 --> 00:18:52,320 Speaker 1: like Stockholm syndrome. Right yeah, just let's say, okay, fine, 350 00:18:52,560 --> 00:18:56,480 Speaker 1: you're the human feed me. Um. Another interesting one the 351 00:18:56,480 --> 00:18:59,280 Speaker 1: grizzly bear. Oh wait now this is wait, I've got 352 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:02,000 Speaker 1: one more before we get to the grizzly and that 353 00:19:02,160 --> 00:19:06,680 Speaker 1: is the the elephant. Um. Elephant fatherhood is kind of 354 00:19:06,720 --> 00:19:09,480 Speaker 1: interesting because you end up with basically two separate herds. 355 00:19:09,520 --> 00:19:12,399 Speaker 1: You'll have the female herds that nurture the young, like 356 00:19:12,440 --> 00:19:15,280 Speaker 1: if you see videos of you know, like elephants going 357 00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:17,560 Speaker 1: around and packs of them moving around with their with 358 00:19:17,640 --> 00:19:20,400 Speaker 1: their herds of them moving with the with the young elephants. 359 00:19:20,440 --> 00:19:23,280 Speaker 1: And to those are female herds with the like the 360 00:19:23,320 --> 00:19:25,840 Speaker 1: grandma's and the and the mothers and the and the 361 00:19:25,920 --> 00:19:28,679 Speaker 1: and the little babies, uh and and and that's the 362 00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:31,360 Speaker 1: female herd. But then you have the male herd, and 363 00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:34,840 Speaker 1: they generally roam the huge distances as well, but they 364 00:19:34,920 --> 00:19:38,040 Speaker 1: kind of keep separate and they're looking for other female 365 00:19:38,040 --> 00:19:42,120 Speaker 1: herds because they just want to go and reproduce um. So, 366 00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:45,320 Speaker 1: but you occasionally have these situations where a mother's a 367 00:19:45,359 --> 00:19:48,800 Speaker 1: mother will be poached or die in a lot of cases, sadly, 368 00:19:48,800 --> 00:19:51,159 Speaker 1: it's it's it's a situation with the mother's poach and 369 00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:53,800 Speaker 1: then there's no one to look after the the young, 370 00:19:54,240 --> 00:19:57,520 Speaker 1: the baby elephant, and so you might encounter that young 371 00:19:57,560 --> 00:20:00,560 Speaker 1: elephant just wandering in with a bunch of of males 372 00:20:01,320 --> 00:20:03,400 Speaker 1: and this is this can be a pretty dangerous situation 373 00:20:03,480 --> 00:20:05,720 Speaker 1: for the for the young. Not because the males are 374 00:20:05,760 --> 00:20:08,760 Speaker 1: gonna you know, go nuts on the on the baby elephants, 375 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:11,080 Speaker 1: but they just they don't have this prunal instinct and 376 00:20:11,119 --> 00:20:14,760 Speaker 1: they can't milk the animal, they can't provide food, and 377 00:20:14,760 --> 00:20:18,680 Speaker 1: they're not going to provide protection right yet. Apparently if 378 00:20:18,720 --> 00:20:22,360 Speaker 1: the elephant is old enough, though, uh, the male elephants 379 00:20:22,359 --> 00:20:26,520 Speaker 1: can actually help out. That being said, um, if the 380 00:20:26,680 --> 00:20:29,639 Speaker 1: if the male baby elephant, if the male elephant actually 381 00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:31,240 Speaker 1: is mature enough to where it can eat and it 382 00:20:31,240 --> 00:20:35,520 Speaker 1: can grow, and it's then then you see sort of 383 00:20:35,560 --> 00:20:38,240 Speaker 1: two interesting things. If there's if there's nobody around to 384 00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:42,040 Speaker 1: to raise this elephant, he can basically become kind of 385 00:20:42,080 --> 00:20:45,560 Speaker 1: a helion and go around, uh, for instance, killing rhinoceroses. 386 00:20:45,840 --> 00:20:48,560 Speaker 1: There was a for sport, I guess or do you know, 387 00:20:48,640 --> 00:20:49,960 Speaker 1: just had a meanness he's like going to the bar 388 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:53,360 Speaker 1: and picking fights. Uh, Like forty nine rhinoceros deaths were 389 00:20:53,359 --> 00:20:57,919 Speaker 1: attributed to rogue elephants of this kind between nine in 390 00:20:57,960 --> 00:21:00,720 Speaker 1: the wild. That's interesting. What about because I think about 391 00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:04,119 Speaker 1: this as a socialization thing, So you know, what about 392 00:21:04,119 --> 00:21:08,680 Speaker 1: within their own species? Well with well, but that's the thing. 393 00:21:08,760 --> 00:21:12,160 Speaker 1: If there are other males around, built males, they'll kind 394 00:21:12,160 --> 00:21:16,399 Speaker 1: of bully the this adolescent and make him behave and 395 00:21:16,440 --> 00:21:19,320 Speaker 1: bring him into their fold. So so this is like 396 00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:23,240 Speaker 1: the studies that say within humans the human population, if 397 00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:28,120 Speaker 1: if you apply corporal punishment like aggressive spanking, you're going 398 00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:32,760 Speaker 1: to raise probably an aggressive kid, I guess. But but 399 00:21:32,760 --> 00:21:34,639 Speaker 1: I mean the real take home here is that that 400 00:21:34,760 --> 00:21:37,280 Speaker 1: elephant dad's they're not so good for the early years, 401 00:21:37,440 --> 00:21:39,800 Speaker 1: Like they're kind of worthless for the early years. But 402 00:21:40,240 --> 00:21:42,200 Speaker 1: but you have that kid that has like a trouble childhood, 403 00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:44,640 Speaker 1: runs away from home, ends up looking at finding his dad, 404 00:21:44,680 --> 00:21:46,879 Speaker 1: you know, looking him up on the internet and falling 405 00:21:46,880 --> 00:21:49,160 Speaker 1: in with him and then reconnecting with his father. Well, 406 00:21:49,200 --> 00:21:53,840 Speaker 1: that story can take place in uh an elephant society. 407 00:21:53,840 --> 00:21:57,040 Speaker 1: There was no human projecting right there, No, not at all. 408 00:21:59,240 --> 00:22:00,960 Speaker 1: The elephants are first saying we should we should do 409 00:22:01,240 --> 00:22:03,440 Speaker 1: a whole podcast on them eventually. Oh yeah, I think 410 00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:06,879 Speaker 1: I told you that when I used to work um 411 00:22:06,880 --> 00:22:09,320 Speaker 1: at a zoo, I would have these dreams about elephants 412 00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:11,800 Speaker 1: all the time when I worked there. Didn't you say 413 00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:15,360 Speaker 1: they were about trampling? Yeah, Steven Tyler was writing one 414 00:22:15,359 --> 00:22:16,959 Speaker 1: of the elephants and one of my dreams, and I 415 00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:19,120 Speaker 1: was like, this is so wrong. Steven Tyler should not 416 00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:23,200 Speaker 1: be writing that elephant. Take take out of that which 417 00:22:23,200 --> 00:22:26,320 Speaker 1: you will, um. Grizzlies. Yes, okay, these are the bad, 418 00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:31,120 Speaker 1: these guys. Yeah, these you're right, You're right. This this 419 00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:33,200 Speaker 1: is that you get. You're good, You're bad, and these 420 00:22:33,200 --> 00:22:36,440 Speaker 1: guys are ugly. Uh. The reason is that they're gonna 421 00:22:36,600 --> 00:22:39,479 Speaker 1: go after any cub, regardless of whether or not it's 422 00:22:39,520 --> 00:22:42,920 Speaker 1: their offspring. Try and raise them their brothers offspring. They're 423 00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:46,040 Speaker 1: going to eat. Don't you think that? I mean to me, 424 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:50,280 Speaker 1: I think that, you know, on the scale of badness ugliness, 425 00:22:50,359 --> 00:22:53,040 Speaker 1: that that pretty much tops it. Um. But you know, 426 00:22:53,080 --> 00:22:55,680 Speaker 1: I mean, think about it. The territory of a typical 427 00:22:55,720 --> 00:22:59,920 Speaker 1: Grizzlies about twelve hundred square miles, right, And a meal 428 00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:02,320 Speaker 1: is a meal. A meal is a meal, right, And 429 00:23:02,359 --> 00:23:05,280 Speaker 1: we did that whole episode on cannibalism, which if you're 430 00:23:05,320 --> 00:23:08,199 Speaker 1: just hearing about it now, we should stress that cannibalism 431 00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:12,600 Speaker 1: episode is only about animals and the wild, and we're 432 00:23:12,600 --> 00:23:16,359 Speaker 1: not documenting our own cannibalism. It's not about human cannibalism. 433 00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:17,720 Speaker 1: So if you're thinking, like dude, I don't want to 434 00:23:17,720 --> 00:23:19,840 Speaker 1: hear about, you know, a bunch of serial killers, it's 435 00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:21,840 Speaker 1: not like that. Um, you know, but there is sex 436 00:23:21,840 --> 00:23:24,880 Speaker 1: and violence in the in the Animal King, like sexual 437 00:23:25,119 --> 00:23:28,320 Speaker 1: cannibalism at all. But in that podcast, we really drove 438 00:23:28,320 --> 00:23:30,640 Speaker 1: home the fact that if you stirp away all these 439 00:23:30,760 --> 00:23:37,480 Speaker 1: human morality issues and cultural issues, cannibalism makes economic sense 440 00:23:37,480 --> 00:23:40,320 Speaker 1: in the wild because it's all about an exchange of 441 00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:43,680 Speaker 1: energy and there's that cub and if you're in the mail, 442 00:23:43,760 --> 00:23:47,200 Speaker 1: you're just absorbing that energy into your own well, especially 443 00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:50,760 Speaker 1: if you move into the later months of this summer. Right, Um, 444 00:23:50,960 --> 00:23:55,080 Speaker 1: like saying in Alaska and salmon is no longer plentiful 445 00:23:55,320 --> 00:23:58,720 Speaker 1: and really actually the bears are starving. Um. If they 446 00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:00,840 Speaker 1: happen to come upon a little up, they're probably gonna 447 00:24:00,840 --> 00:24:03,320 Speaker 1: stuff it in its mouth because, like you said here, 448 00:24:03,359 --> 00:24:05,520 Speaker 1: you go, there's some protein. It's gonna sustain you for 449 00:24:05,560 --> 00:24:08,720 Speaker 1: a while. Um. And you know, there have been some 450 00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:11,639 Speaker 1: people that say that it's an effort by bears to 451 00:24:11,720 --> 00:24:13,640 Speaker 1: kind of cold down the pack so that they don't 452 00:24:13,680 --> 00:24:15,399 Speaker 1: have to compete for food sources. And there are other 453 00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:18,080 Speaker 1: people that say that it's a way to force the 454 00:24:18,119 --> 00:24:20,760 Speaker 1: other bears into astros if they if they lose their young. 455 00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:23,840 Speaker 1: But again, other people just point to the fact that, 456 00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:27,480 Speaker 1: like you said, it's food. Yeah, it's sad though a 457 00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:30,320 Speaker 1: little bit well, and you know, you also have plenty 458 00:24:30,359 --> 00:24:33,080 Speaker 1: of you know, like we talked about the sea horses. 459 00:24:33,119 --> 00:24:35,280 Speaker 1: You know that seahorses don't do anything with the raising 460 00:24:35,280 --> 00:24:38,240 Speaker 1: of their young, but that they're not carnivores. But you 461 00:24:38,240 --> 00:24:41,960 Speaker 1: have a carnivorous species like the Komodo dragon. Komodo dragons 462 00:24:42,359 --> 00:24:44,520 Speaker 1: lay their eggs and that's pretty much it. They've done 463 00:24:44,560 --> 00:24:47,600 Speaker 1: their their parenting duty, and if they run across a 464 00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:51,640 Speaker 1: baby komodo dragon after that mother or father, it doesn't matter. 465 00:24:51,680 --> 00:24:54,840 Speaker 1: They're going to eat it because it's food. And everything's 466 00:24:54,840 --> 00:24:59,399 Speaker 1: food to the commodo dragon. Even Phil Bronstein's foot Sharon 467 00:24:59,480 --> 00:25:02,560 Speaker 1: Stones think X has been now right, Oh did did 468 00:25:02,760 --> 00:25:04,520 Speaker 1: they eat the whole foot. I think it's just the 469 00:25:04,520 --> 00:25:07,320 Speaker 1: toes when I'm just saying any to your point, anything 470 00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:10,199 Speaker 1: is food to a Commoto dragon, except and this is 471 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:14,119 Speaker 1: the really crazy thing. The the the the baby commodo dragons 472 00:25:14,119 --> 00:25:16,639 Speaker 1: know of course that they can climb trees. Komotos can 473 00:25:16,680 --> 00:25:18,439 Speaker 1: sort of. They can climb to a certain extent, but 474 00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:21,000 Speaker 1: not as much as the little ones. So they know 475 00:25:21,080 --> 00:25:24,000 Speaker 1: they can climb and hide. But they can also roll 476 00:25:24,040 --> 00:25:27,840 Speaker 1: an excrement because Commodo dragons will eat just about anything 477 00:25:28,040 --> 00:25:30,560 Speaker 1: but um, but things that are covered in excrement, or 478 00:25:30,640 --> 00:25:35,280 Speaker 1: things can things that contain excrement. For instance, when they're 479 00:25:35,280 --> 00:25:37,520 Speaker 1: eating the guts of something, they'll sling the guts around 480 00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:40,800 Speaker 1: just to empty them before they digest that they you know, 481 00:25:41,040 --> 00:25:45,119 Speaker 1: actually chew them up and swallow. Wow. Yeah, it's disgusting. 482 00:25:46,359 --> 00:25:48,520 Speaker 1: So yeah, this is the But it's another case of 483 00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:52,199 Speaker 1: you know, of of the young and uh uh, you know, 484 00:25:52,240 --> 00:25:55,440 Speaker 1: they're they're just not a part of a species where 485 00:25:55,480 --> 00:25:58,920 Speaker 1: there's any kind of parenting after birth. So right, right, 486 00:25:58,960 --> 00:26:02,040 Speaker 1: there's there's not a lot of and holding. Right, Uh, 487 00:26:02,080 --> 00:26:06,240 Speaker 1: there's no monastory schooling for sure. Pipe fish I thought 488 00:26:06,359 --> 00:26:10,000 Speaker 1: were interesting and uh, for a couple of reasons. But 489 00:26:10,119 --> 00:26:13,320 Speaker 1: one of my favorite article titles that I stumbled on 490 00:26:13,760 --> 00:26:17,280 Speaker 1: in the research was this male pipe fish aboard embryos 491 00:26:17,359 --> 00:26:20,920 Speaker 1: of ugly mothers. Yes, the pipe fish is a close 492 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:23,760 Speaker 1: relative of the sea horse. Yeah, exactly. And the pipe 493 00:26:23,800 --> 00:26:27,240 Speaker 1: fish carries the you know, it goes to the gestation 494 00:26:27,320 --> 00:26:31,560 Speaker 1: period as well, carries the eggs in um what's called 495 00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:35,399 Speaker 1: a male's brood pouch for safekeeping and nurturing. But it 496 00:26:35,440 --> 00:26:38,320 Speaker 1: turns out that the pipe fish are actually what they think, 497 00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:42,160 Speaker 1: naturally selecting both before and after during this process. So 498 00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:45,879 Speaker 1: first they're going to seek out larger female pipe fish, 499 00:26:45,960 --> 00:26:49,159 Speaker 1: so this is the attractive part of that headline. They 500 00:26:49,280 --> 00:26:54,639 Speaker 1: like they like, they like their ladies large and um. 501 00:26:54,680 --> 00:26:58,959 Speaker 1: And then what they find is that those eggs that 502 00:26:59,320 --> 00:27:01,680 Speaker 1: are the result to that union, those are the ones 503 00:27:01,720 --> 00:27:03,920 Speaker 1: that they're actually going to nurture more. They can actually 504 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:08,000 Speaker 1: withhold resources, and they do withhold resources sometimes with the 505 00:27:08,200 --> 00:27:12,760 Speaker 1: smaller fish, uh that they mate with. Yeah, so that's 506 00:27:12,800 --> 00:27:17,680 Speaker 1: the abort part, right. Um. So it's kind of interesting. Um, 507 00:27:18,040 --> 00:27:20,480 Speaker 1: you know, some people think that it's and this was 508 00:27:20,720 --> 00:27:22,480 Speaker 1: actually to me this was the best part of the article. 509 00:27:22,520 --> 00:27:25,919 Speaker 1: It says it is possible that large females can manipulate 510 00:27:26,040 --> 00:27:28,639 Speaker 1: males so that they give birth to their offspring, whereas 511 00:27:28,680 --> 00:27:32,320 Speaker 1: males may have greater control over smaller females than they 512 00:27:32,359 --> 00:27:35,639 Speaker 1: do over him. So they're thinking that maybe that's why 513 00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:40,160 Speaker 1: the survival rate of the female um pipe fishes children 514 00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:44,120 Speaker 1: are greater, that she exerts some sort of influence over him, 515 00:27:44,760 --> 00:27:46,880 Speaker 1: which again, like this is one of those things that 516 00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:50,000 Speaker 1: you know in terms of anthroporre spizing, and like, oh, really, 517 00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:54,000 Speaker 1: just is he scared of her? I just there's a 518 00:27:54,040 --> 00:27:56,840 Speaker 1: lot of drama. Imagine if if pipe fish had soap operas. 519 00:27:57,280 --> 00:28:00,520 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, it'd be crazy. I think there's an 520 00:28:00,560 --> 00:28:03,680 Speaker 1: idea there. Yeah. I also like the idea of they're 521 00:28:03,680 --> 00:28:06,679 Speaker 1: being cuttlefish um soap operas because you have all the 522 00:28:06,720 --> 00:28:10,600 Speaker 1: weird gender bending with cuttlefish where the small males will 523 00:28:11,240 --> 00:28:13,400 Speaker 1: will change their color and size to where they look 524 00:28:13,440 --> 00:28:17,280 Speaker 1: like females and then they'll they're drag queening. Yeah, but 525 00:28:17,320 --> 00:28:19,119 Speaker 1: then they'll use that. See they'll be like they'll be 526 00:28:19,160 --> 00:28:22,200 Speaker 1: like a big um, a big cuttlefish, you know, a 527 00:28:22,240 --> 00:28:24,720 Speaker 1: big daddy, you know, tough guy cuttlefish kind of like 528 00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:27,560 Speaker 1: the big muscleman on the from the beach, you know, 529 00:28:27,720 --> 00:28:30,119 Speaker 1: and he's hanging out with the beautiful lady cuttlefish and 530 00:28:30,119 --> 00:28:32,320 Speaker 1: and he's all like, nobody getting in my cuttlefish. This 531 00:28:32,359 --> 00:28:35,080 Speaker 1: is my lady. I'm gonna mate with her. Meanwhile, the young, 532 00:28:35,200 --> 00:28:38,400 Speaker 1: the smaller male cuttlefish, who can't really go toe to 533 00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:41,360 Speaker 1: toe with this guy disguises himself as a female, slips 534 00:28:41,360 --> 00:28:44,040 Speaker 1: in there and he's just like, oh, what's that another lady? Yeah, 535 00:28:44,160 --> 00:28:46,720 Speaker 1: get in line. But he goes in mates with the 536 00:28:46,760 --> 00:28:49,720 Speaker 1: female and then you know, and then slips away. And 537 00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:53,200 Speaker 1: the big muscle cuttlefish is uh, you know, has no 538 00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:55,440 Speaker 1: idea anything took place. That's like a pedrole mom. But 539 00:28:55,520 --> 00:28:58,800 Speaker 1: our built film. And actually I'm thinking about Isabella Rustling, right. 540 00:28:59,240 --> 00:29:01,840 Speaker 1: She has the show. Have you seen it before? No, 541 00:29:01,960 --> 00:29:05,080 Speaker 1: I don't think. I cannot remember the title UM, but 542 00:29:05,120 --> 00:29:08,160 Speaker 1: it's either on like HBO or i f C. And 543 00:29:08,240 --> 00:29:13,320 Speaker 1: she dramatizes these events in nature and it's great. Actually 544 00:29:13,360 --> 00:29:16,200 Speaker 1: she usually has like full body costumes as the creature 545 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:18,920 Speaker 1: that she's portraying, and a lot of times she actually 546 00:29:18,960 --> 00:29:22,440 Speaker 1: talks about this the mating rituals and the sexual lives 547 00:29:22,480 --> 00:29:25,640 Speaker 1: of um, the animal kingdom and it's so bizarre because 548 00:29:25,640 --> 00:29:29,440 Speaker 1: it's Isabella Rossellini dressed up as a praying mantis or 549 00:29:29,480 --> 00:29:33,080 Speaker 1: you know, it's very uh. I encourage you to see 550 00:29:33,120 --> 00:29:36,880 Speaker 1: it if if it is on or coming back. Yeah. 551 00:29:37,040 --> 00:29:41,080 Speaker 1: I was always really confused about how Isabella Rosalini beautiful 552 00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:44,600 Speaker 1: lady and then Dave Foley kids in the hall member 553 00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:47,680 Speaker 1: yes day Folly would would would dress and drag for 554 00:29:47,760 --> 00:29:50,640 Speaker 1: comedy bits and he would look alarmingly like Isabella Rossalini. 555 00:29:50,840 --> 00:29:54,080 Speaker 1: I can say that he's got those big dewy eyes. Ye. Yeah, 556 00:29:54,200 --> 00:29:57,280 Speaker 1: put a little mass scare on a thin line. I'm 557 00:29:57,320 --> 00:30:00,480 Speaker 1: telling you between gender. It's a gender performance, right, that's 558 00:30:00,480 --> 00:30:02,920 Speaker 1: what That's what a dry queenning is. Well. I hope 559 00:30:02,960 --> 00:30:05,280 Speaker 1: Isabel a little Rosalini does one on cuttle fish if 560 00:30:05,320 --> 00:30:09,440 Speaker 1: she is not already. So Isabella, if you're listening for 561 00:30:09,440 --> 00:30:13,200 Speaker 1: a request, well hey, well there's some some animal fathers 562 00:30:13,240 --> 00:30:15,960 Speaker 1: for everybody. And I happen to have a little listener 563 00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:18,160 Speaker 1: man here about in this episode we did on the 564 00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:22,200 Speaker 1: placebo effect. Yes, the red tail or the blue tail Um, Yeah, 565 00:30:22,560 --> 00:30:24,680 Speaker 1: I believe believe that's the one. And this is uh 566 00:30:24,840 --> 00:30:27,160 Speaker 1: from a listener about the name is Jamie Jamie says, 567 00:30:27,160 --> 00:30:31,000 Speaker 1: I enjoyed your podcast in the placebo effect, and there's more. 568 00:30:32,160 --> 00:30:36,400 Speaker 1: While there is a very real psychological and psychological, very 569 00:30:36,400 --> 00:30:39,000 Speaker 1: real psychological response to taking a sugar peel, there are 570 00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:41,840 Speaker 1: also several other factors that can impact the measurement of 571 00:30:41,880 --> 00:30:44,600 Speaker 1: a dress deficiency. Two of the most important are the 572 00:30:44,720 --> 00:30:47,520 Speaker 1: natural course of a disease and regression to the mean. 573 00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:49,960 Speaker 1: And this is really interesting because there was a recent 574 00:30:49,960 --> 00:30:53,440 Speaker 1: episode of Radio Lab that dealt with this um. Most 575 00:30:53,480 --> 00:30:57,040 Speaker 1: diseases are naturally waxing and waning, and many may be 576 00:30:57,160 --> 00:31:01,280 Speaker 1: resolved naturally without any intervention placebo or otherwise. As a result, 577 00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:04,080 Speaker 1: giving up al Cibo to one people with depression will 578 00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:07,200 Speaker 1: not just result in better mood because of the psychological 579 00:31:07,240 --> 00:31:09,600 Speaker 1: effects of getting a pill, but also due to the 580 00:31:09,640 --> 00:31:12,360 Speaker 1: fact that depressed individuals often have periods of good mood 581 00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:15,240 Speaker 1: for no reason other than natural progression of the disease. 582 00:31:15,480 --> 00:31:18,400 Speaker 1: They would improve without any intervention at all. Regression to 583 00:31:18,440 --> 00:31:21,040 Speaker 1: the mean is another effect that can cause over u 584 00:31:21,440 --> 00:31:25,200 Speaker 1: overestimation of the placebo effect. Essentially, regression to the mean 585 00:31:25,360 --> 00:31:29,560 Speaker 1: means that an individual experiencing extremely bad symptoms one day 586 00:31:29,760 --> 00:31:33,560 Speaker 1: will likely have better symptoms the next day, regardless of intervention. 587 00:31:33,960 --> 00:31:36,560 Speaker 1: Couple this with the fact that patients with worse symptoms 588 00:31:36,560 --> 00:31:38,920 Speaker 1: will be more likely to start and start new medication 589 00:31:39,040 --> 00:31:42,080 Speaker 1: or interest study or get a new treatment, and it's 590 00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:44,600 Speaker 1: easy to see the patients entering a research facility with 591 00:31:44,840 --> 00:31:48,320 Speaker 1: very bad symptoms will improve placebo or no placebo. Finally, 592 00:31:48,360 --> 00:31:52,800 Speaker 1: patients may also experience the Hawthorn effect, whereby merely being 593 00:31:52,840 --> 00:31:55,960 Speaker 1: in a trial UH causes of like a drug trial, 594 00:31:56,480 --> 00:31:59,680 Speaker 1: causes patients to act better or claim greater symptom relad, 595 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:03,080 Speaker 1: perhaps in a subconscious effort to please the examiner. While 596 00:32:03,080 --> 00:32:05,840 Speaker 1: it is commonly used to discuss behavioral studies, the Hawthorn 597 00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:10,400 Speaker 1: effect has some consequences for medical research. So and then 598 00:32:10,480 --> 00:32:12,480 Speaker 1: Jamie is the first year of med student, by the way, Yeah, 599 00:32:12,480 --> 00:32:14,160 Speaker 1: and I think that's really interesting, And we talked about 600 00:32:14,280 --> 00:32:17,160 Speaker 1: in the placebo effect how the medical community is really 601 00:32:17,160 --> 00:32:20,280 Speaker 1: trying to redefine what the placebo effect is because of 602 00:32:20,280 --> 00:32:23,000 Speaker 1: course it depends on what your sample sizes and what 603 00:32:23,040 --> 00:32:26,880 Speaker 1: the what they're suffering from absolutely in terms of really 604 00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:28,560 Speaker 1: being able to judge it. So it's not like a 605 00:32:28,640 --> 00:32:31,480 Speaker 1: one size fit all thing that um that you can 606 00:32:31,520 --> 00:32:34,520 Speaker 1: apply across the board right in terms of okay, here's 607 00:32:34,680 --> 00:32:38,040 Speaker 1: here are metrics that we're gonna figure this out, and 608 00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:39,760 Speaker 1: the regression of the mean too. It's also it's all 609 00:32:39,800 --> 00:32:42,120 Speaker 1: about like I do one study and I might get 610 00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:45,200 Speaker 1: kind of a crazy skewed result, like I wonder if 611 00:32:45,200 --> 00:32:49,280 Speaker 1: people prefer the movie Blade one or the movie Blade too, 612 00:32:49,760 --> 00:32:54,320 Speaker 1: And the first study said that, Wow, people like Blade 613 00:32:54,320 --> 00:32:56,280 Speaker 1: one better. How is that possible? Since Blade two is 614 00:32:56,320 --> 00:32:59,960 Speaker 1: clearly the better film? And then the more that you act, 615 00:33:00,040 --> 00:33:02,520 Speaker 1: really do the study you see that you get your 616 00:33:02,840 --> 00:33:07,720 Speaker 1: results increasingly resemble the actual situation, which of course where 617 00:33:07,760 --> 00:33:11,520 Speaker 1: most people agree to Blade two is the better film. 618 00:33:11,560 --> 00:33:15,920 Speaker 1: Actual studies there you go, Yeah, so hey, if you 619 00:33:15,960 --> 00:33:18,280 Speaker 1: have any interesting kidits you want to share with us, 620 00:33:18,280 --> 00:33:20,280 Speaker 1: So you want to interact with us? UM, you can 621 00:33:20,320 --> 00:33:22,520 Speaker 1: find us on Twitter and Facebook. We are blow the 622 00:33:22,520 --> 00:33:24,719 Speaker 1: mind on both of those or just throw, you know, 623 00:33:24,760 --> 00:33:28,560 Speaker 1: blow the mind into Google Angel You'll you'll likely land 624 00:33:28,600 --> 00:33:31,840 Speaker 1: at one of those, UM and also dropped by the 625 00:33:31,840 --> 00:33:35,240 Speaker 1: how stuff Works homepage. That's how stuff works dot Com. 626 00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:38,120 Speaker 1: Go to that search bar that we have their poppy 627 00:33:38,200 --> 00:33:41,120 Speaker 1: in Fatherhood and you will be just in awe of 628 00:33:41,160 --> 00:33:43,000 Speaker 1: the number of search results you will get a number 629 00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:46,360 Speaker 1: of really awesome items up to explore, especially as we 630 00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:49,000 Speaker 1: know approach Father's Day at all that's right, what's a 631 00:33:49,000 --> 00:33:52,320 Speaker 1: good father? Father? And if you would like to weigh 632 00:33:52,320 --> 00:33:55,440 Speaker 1: in on any of this, including the Blade film, uh, 633 00:33:55,520 --> 00:33:58,480 Speaker 1: feel free to give us an email or send us 634 00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:02,600 Speaker 1: an email of your preference at bo the Mind at 635 00:34:02,680 --> 00:34:09,120 Speaker 1: How's that works dot com. Be sure to check out 636 00:34:09,120 --> 00:34:12,279 Speaker 1: our new video podcast, Stuff from the Future. Join how 637 00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:14,880 Speaker 1: staf work staff as we explore the most promising and 638 00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:17,080 Speaker 1: perplexing possibilities of tomorrow.