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Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, it's me Josh, your dear friend, and for

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Speaker 1: this week's s Y s K Selects, I've chosen How

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Speaker 1: Bioluminescence Works. We released it originally in September of two

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Speaker 1: thousand and twelve, and it's a straight ahead, super interesting

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Speaker 1: science E episode the best kind. And for some reason,

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Speaker 1: I sound so low key that it seems like I'm

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Speaker 1: going to mount into the floor at any moment. No

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Speaker 1: idea why. I hope you enjoy listening to it again

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Speaker 1: as much as I did. Welcome to Stuff you Should

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Speaker 1: Know from House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome

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Speaker 1: to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant,

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Speaker 1: and uh. You put us together and you get a

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Speaker 1: little something called Stuff you Should Know. And that's what

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Speaker 1: this is. Whether you like it or not, you have

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Speaker 1: to listen to it. It's right, um, Actually, no one

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Speaker 1: has to listen to this, Okay. It's part of both

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Speaker 1: Obama's and Romney's platforms. Yeah, it's a part of Obamacare.

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Speaker 1: You gotta listen to Stuff you Should Know, and you

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Speaker 1: gotta get an RFD chip in your hand, and you

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Speaker 1: have to give poor people all your money. None of

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Speaker 1: that is true that you have to listen to the

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Speaker 1: podcast and the Poor Pule party. Um chuck, Yes, how's

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Speaker 1: it going? It's great. Are you feeling sick? Do you

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Speaker 1: need any kind of care Obama or otherwise? Now? Are

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Speaker 1: you feeling sick? I'm fine. Tents like my shoulder muscles

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Speaker 1: are gonna pop right out of my skin. I went

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Speaker 1: to that foot massage place on Beauford Highway the other day.

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Speaker 1: You ever been there? Mm hm? Treat your feet? Is

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Speaker 1: that what it's called. Yeah, that's a great name. They'll

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Speaker 1: they'll do an hour on your feet for bucks if

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Speaker 1: that's what you desire. Oh yeah, no, about a little

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Speaker 1: bit bit into it, they'll ask you like, would you

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Speaker 1: want to go half and half like half body half

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Speaker 1: foot because basically they get you in there, they're going

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Speaker 1: at your feet and you're like, you know, I don't

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Speaker 1: know if I could do an hour on my feet.

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Speaker 1: Each time has gotten their own massage at this point,

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Speaker 1: right like they're just jelly cracked your toes. Yeah, so

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Speaker 1: that you think, yeah, you know, I'll pay another twenty

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Speaker 1: bucks for the body, right they give you t it's

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Speaker 1: really nice. You should go. It does sound nice, but

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Speaker 1: it's not like private, like you're in a big room

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Speaker 1: with like fifteen recliners. Everyone's just sitting around and well

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Speaker 1: we've gotten backrubs at the mall before. Yeah, that's true.

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Speaker 1: You remember, I don't know how I got on this.

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Speaker 1: Treat your feet Bufford Highway. Go eat some fun and

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Speaker 1: then go get your foot massage where it's good fun

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Speaker 1: around here. We're trying to figure that out. The Beauford Highway.

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Speaker 1: Yeah where uh if you are we going to do

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Speaker 1: this now? Okay? I like fun number two, um, which

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Speaker 1: is past Claremont. Um, it's in a little shopping center.

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Speaker 1: Just look it up, Okay, I mean it's it's all good,

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Speaker 1: all good fun. Um. Yeah, I don't know how we

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Speaker 1: got on there. But some places on Bufford Highway, oh

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Speaker 1: you use some money, seriously, at least some free fun. Um.

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Speaker 1: This is nothing to do with bioluminescence. No, it doesn't.

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Speaker 1: Although sometimes if you stir your foot around, chuck, you're

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Speaker 1: gonna see some um fungus possibly rise to the top

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Speaker 1: a couple of times. Yeah right, yeah, that's a good

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Speaker 1: one too. And um, were those things still alive and

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Speaker 1: not cooked, they possibly might glow. And where they glow,

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Speaker 1: you would say look at those things. They're bioluminescing. That's right,

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Speaker 1: because that's what they do. It is a life form

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Speaker 1: that generates their own glow inside their body, their own light. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: pretty awesome. Ye And um, you I read a different

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Speaker 1: um study. It was like, what what's the deal with this?

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Speaker 1: Because this is still very much a mystery. Um, we

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Speaker 1: have an idea of how this goes down, but not

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Speaker 1: in every case. We also don't understand why in a

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Speaker 1: lot of cases. Um. And and it's because we don't

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Speaker 1: understand how. And the thing is is, I don't think

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Speaker 1: it's that it's out of the grasp of science to

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Speaker 1: understand it. I think that when researchers are looking into this,

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Speaker 1: they just they become so transfixed on the beautiful glow

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Speaker 1: that they forget what they're doing and waste tons of time.

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Speaker 1: And then all of a sudden they're like, oh, I

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Speaker 1: gotta publish our parish. And then it's just like they

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Speaker 1: just write why on a piece of paper and send

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Speaker 1: it in, as Tracy Wilson of Pop Stuff Great Podcast

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Speaker 1: points out, and Tracy's articles are always awesome. Yeah, oh man,

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Speaker 1: they're comprehensive. You know, I never have to worry about it. Um. Sadly,

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Speaker 1: sometimes scientists can either harm the light making magic when

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Speaker 1: they try to study them it makes it hard to study,

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Speaker 1: or the animal will exhaust it's light making glow capabilities

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Speaker 1: out of like fear or defense or spite or spite,

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Speaker 1: which will also make it hard to study. So those

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Speaker 1: are a couple of reasons and the whole just why right, So, um,

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Speaker 1: we do have a pretty good handle to some extent.

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Speaker 1: But let's talk about what luminescence itself is, right with that.

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Speaker 1: This light bulb right here in this ikea brand lamp. Um,

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Speaker 1: it's incandescent. It's an incandescent light bulb. Chuck, I think

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Speaker 1: this is an edison bulb too, is taking? Oh? Is

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Speaker 1: it like the real old timey looking one that sort of? Um?

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Speaker 1: So that is pretty simple. It has electricity that passes

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Speaker 1: through a filment, just a thin metal piece of something metal,

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Speaker 1: and that heats up, and it heats up so much

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Speaker 1: that it gives off light, which is incredibly inefficient. And

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Speaker 1: if say a jellyfish for to do this, it would

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Speaker 1: catch fire even though it's under water. Right. So what

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Speaker 1: um living organisms do when they want to give off

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Speaker 1: light is something called cold light or bioluminescence, which is

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Speaker 1: the combination of chemicals that produce light. It's like a

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Speaker 1: glow stick but no heat. But it is just like

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Speaker 1: a glow stick. You're combining two things that will make

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Speaker 1: a glow exactly, except you don't have to shake up

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Speaker 1: the jellyfish and they do not like that. Or it's

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Speaker 1: like the glow sticks that I used to sell very

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Speaker 1: uh often at Stone Mountain laser show. It's like the

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Speaker 1: glower three summer that I used to dance with at Raves.

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Speaker 1: You were a Raves and I was selling these things

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Speaker 1: during like Lee Greenwoods, Lee Greenwood, Lee Green Would you

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Speaker 1: Proud to be an American? Yeah? Boy, I heard that

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Speaker 1: song five thousand times. Anyone who's never been to Stone Mountain, Georgia.

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Speaker 1: They have a big rock there and they have a

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Speaker 1: laser show on it during the summer. It's a big

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Speaker 1: rock that has a basically the Confederate heroes carved into

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Speaker 1: the side of it by the guy who did Mount Rushmore.

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Speaker 1: How is that the same guy? Yeah? And they show

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Speaker 1: a very corny laser show every summer since like the

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Speaker 1: early nineteen eighties, and not just once this summer, like

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Speaker 1: every night during the summer night. Yeah, that's why I've

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Speaker 1: heard it ten thousand times. It's something and Chuck, you

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Speaker 1: still work there. I think you left that out selling

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Speaker 1: glow sticks. Glow sticks full circle. Yes, all right, let's

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Speaker 1: quit stalling. Let's talk about bioluminescence. Okay, that's all over

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Speaker 1: the place. Uh. Like you said, we don't know exactly

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Speaker 1: how it works in all cases, but we do know

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Speaker 1: that these animals do mix together different substances, just like

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Speaker 1: a glow stick, wood and uh, to turn their little

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Speaker 1: glow on and off. Um, here on the planet, not

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Speaker 1: in the ocean, because that's where most of the stuff

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Speaker 1: takes place here on planet Earth, on the dry land. Uh,

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Speaker 1: you can have things glowing like fox fire, which is

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Speaker 1: this fungus that feeds on rotting wood. You look at

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Speaker 1: pictures of fox fire. Pretty cool. Yeah, it's eerie, doesn't

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Speaker 1: look real, but it's real. It's very real. Um. The

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Speaker 1: jack O lander mushroom you can google that as well.

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Speaker 1: That's my favorite bioluminescent organism. Why just because it's the

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Speaker 1: sample things land on Terra Firma. Because it's a perfectly

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Speaker 1: named thing, the jack O lander and mushroom, Like it

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Speaker 1: has that glow coming through the gills um and just

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Speaker 1: the gills, so it looks like there's like this glow

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Speaker 1: coming inside and there's like holes where it's coming out of.

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Speaker 1: It's so neat. My favorite on Terra firma is the

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Speaker 1: lightning bug a k a. The firefly here in the South,

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Speaker 1: and I guess I'm not sure where else they calm

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Speaker 1: lightning bugs, but definitely in the South. You'll see them

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Speaker 1: come out every summer. And if you're a little kid,

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Speaker 1: you can go around and catch them and put them

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Speaker 1: in a jar and then and then release them. And

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Speaker 1: in fact, you may be harming them just by catching them.

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Speaker 1: But but you don't want to do if you're a kid,

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Speaker 1: is like smash these things because it's just you know,

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Speaker 1: that means you're gonna end up being a serial killer

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Speaker 1: one day probably. Uh So the firefly is uh you know,

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Speaker 1: you generally think of them as the adults lying around,

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Speaker 1: but their little larva can glow as well on the ground,

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Speaker 1: and a lot of people call um firefly lava glow worms,

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Speaker 1: but glow worms are apparently another kind of fly. Larvae.

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Speaker 1: Fireflies are fireflies or lightning bugs. That's right. Um centipedes millipedes,

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Speaker 1: There's all all kinds of little things that can glow. Worms. Uh,

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Speaker 1: there's some worms that give off a bioluminescent sludge and

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Speaker 1: no one has any idea why is it their poop?

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Speaker 1: And I don't think so. Remember the the the secretion

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Speaker 1: they produce when they're mating and all that. It's probably

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Speaker 1: like that. It probably comes from the ring. I can't

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Speaker 1: remember the name of the ring. So that's on Earth.

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Speaker 1: But if you really want to get down to some

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Speaker 1: cool glowing creatures, you need to dive down into the

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Speaker 1: ocean to the twilight zone, which I think we've talked

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Speaker 1: about that, haven't we know we talked about it in

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Speaker 1: biospeleiolo in caves. Yeah, there's different zones of light penetration

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Speaker 1: in caves and in the ocean too, that's right. Um,

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Speaker 1: the twilight zone is generally about six d and sixty

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Speaker 1: to feet deep on th six. It depends because obviously

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Speaker 1: different kinds of ocean water are gonna allow different amounts

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Speaker 1: of light in. It depends on what the ocean floor

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Speaker 1: looks like. But it is um. It is the this

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Speaker 1: photic or poorly lit zone deeper than the eu photic

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Speaker 1: sunlit zone or good zone or shallower than the aphotic

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Speaker 1: midnight zone, which is like scary no light. That's a

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Speaker 1: scary time down there. Those are the things down there

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Speaker 1: that have like no eyes, right because there's no sam

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Speaker 1: like with the caves. So um, yeah, I remember what

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Speaker 1: was the Prometheus salaman? Yeah, just three ft long and

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Speaker 1: doesn't have eyes. The scariest thing ever except for the

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Speaker 1: cigar shark, which will actually get to in here. Okay,

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Speaker 1: so is that the cookie cotter shark? Yeah? Man, the

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Speaker 1: thing's frightening. Um. So in this uh, this twilight zone,

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Speaker 1: the sphotic zone or mezo pelagic zone, mesopelagic zone, stop

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Speaker 1: laughing at me. Uh there, this is where most of

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Speaker 1: the bioluminescent organisms on Earth can be found. And the

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Speaker 1: light that penetrates this area um is a blue green

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Speaker 1: color because the red, yellow, orange. Yeah, the red, yellow

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Speaker 1: and orange are absorbed by the seawater above and the

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Speaker 1: violet is scattered, so the blue and the green are

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Speaker 1: the ones that get through. So everything is just kind

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Speaker 1: of color blue green, that's what the sunlight is. So

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Speaker 1: most of the bioluminescent organisms in this um dysphotic zone

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Speaker 1: dysphotic zone have evolved to produce light at that same

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Speaker 1: wavelength from something like four four hundred seventy nine nanometers,

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Speaker 1: which is like the blue green spectrum. That's right, So

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Speaker 1: matches that sunlight, yeah, which is pretty cool. Yeah, well

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Speaker 1: we'll get to it. But it can lead to some

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Speaker 1: cool things like camouflage. So they but it also means

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Speaker 1: that it travels farther light travels. That that type of

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Speaker 1: light travels the farthest in water because it has a

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Speaker 1: shorter wavelength than the other types. So an animal producing

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Speaker 1: this could really cook down there. Basically, Uh, we're talking jellyfish, shrimp, krill, squid,

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Speaker 1: other kinds of fish, marine worms, whatever the heck that is.

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Speaker 1: They're exactly what you think it is. Yeah, what are

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Speaker 1: those one worms called? It like come up out of

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Speaker 1: the little tubes tube worms? Oh yeah, yeah, I believe

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Speaker 1: that's what they're called. Um, either that or I just

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Speaker 1: made some terrible like sixth grade joke, but um, they

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Speaker 1: they they are like on the ocean bottom and they

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Speaker 1: they have they just come out of these tubes and

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Speaker 1: grab stuff and go back in there like three ft long.

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Speaker 1: You've not seen this sea snake to me? Yeah, but

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Speaker 1: there I think they're attached, or they may be attached

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Speaker 1: to their tubes, or they just never come all the

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Speaker 1: way out. I'm gonna have to look into that. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Uh so you talked about the blue green light is

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Speaker 1: what they generally produce. Um. There is something called the

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Speaker 1: loose jawfish which actually can make red light very deep

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Speaker 1: in the ocean. But that's really unusual that can make

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Speaker 1: red light, and it's um. A lot of species can't

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Speaker 1: even see the color red down there because I don't

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Speaker 1: know if they're just their brains aren't used to it

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Speaker 1: because they never see it. So the loose jaw uses

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Speaker 1: this thing um to to basically sneak up on people. Um,

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Speaker 1: it's like Jane Gum at the end of Silence of

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Speaker 1: the Lambs, and and like the fish are like Jodie

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Speaker 1: Foster and Jamee Gum is the loose jaw fish coming

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Speaker 1: up behind her like I can see you, you can't

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Speaker 1: see me. So, like we said earlier, we don't know

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Speaker 1: for sure why all these uh bioluminescent forms of life

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Speaker 1: are down there doing their thing. Um. You did mention

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Speaker 1: the earthworm that has the secretion. They don't know why

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Speaker 1: they do that. The mushroom spores. They think that maybe

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Speaker 1: it's um to attract insect to spread these spores. That's

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Speaker 1: why the mushroom glows makes sense. Um. Sometimes and this

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Speaker 1: one's kind of cute. Sometimes animals will light up when

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Speaker 1: something nearby them lights up, which I think might just

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Speaker 1: be a little like, hey, how you doing? I can

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Speaker 1: glow too. Well, that's how fireflies are doing. Yeah, they're

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Speaker 1: attracting mates right with a like a very specific pattern.

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Speaker 1: They use it to communicate like, hey, you're looking pretty good.

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Speaker 1: Meet you by the fence post, right, yeah, um, let's

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Speaker 1: go get some fun. So should we talk about the

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Speaker 1: dino flagellates the dino flagellates, dina flagellates? Am I pronouncing

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Speaker 1: it wrong? No? I think that was wrong? Okay? Uh?

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Speaker 1: Well yeah, so have you ever seen Apollo thirteen? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: you remember the part where um they had a problem.

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Speaker 1: Is it Tom level? Gym level? Where gym level? And

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Speaker 1: uh is hanging out with Bill Paxxton and they're talking

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Speaker 1: about how they're just shooting the breeze while they're trying

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Speaker 1: to stay alive, and um, he talks about how he

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Speaker 1: was flying a mission, um coming in on an aircraft

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Speaker 1: carrier and there was a blackout and he couldn't see

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Speaker 1: where he was going. He couldn't find the aircraft carrier

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Speaker 1: to land, and he's running low and fuel. Then all

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Speaker 1: of a sudden he looks and he notices that there's

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Speaker 1: a bunch of um. He calls it like glowing algae

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Speaker 1: or whatever. But what he's talking about where dino flagelets

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Speaker 1: that were kicked up by the wake of the aircraft carrier,

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Speaker 1: and he used them as like a runway to guide

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Speaker 1: him in. I remember that part. That's a great part,

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Speaker 1: that whole movie from like start to finish with. But

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Speaker 1: these dino flagelets create what's called the milky sea when

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Speaker 1: you get enough of them together, when they're disturbed physically,

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Speaker 1: they start to glow, and if you have a bunch

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Speaker 1: of them, you can see him from space. Actually, in

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Speaker 1: this article there's a picture of a pretty substantial milky

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Speaker 1: sea off the coast of Africa. Pretty cool stuff. And

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Speaker 1: if you google milky Sea two you can see some

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Speaker 1: like that's cool looking. But I like the shots from

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Speaker 1: like low flying planes, helicopters very cool looking and uh

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Speaker 1: a little eerie, yeah, if that may say so. They

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Speaker 1: have no idea again, why dino flage lates would glow

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Speaker 1: when they're disturbed. Obviously they're like trying to register their complaint.

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Speaker 1: They can't talk, you can't flip anyone off because they

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Speaker 1: glow out of anger apparent. Um. They they there's a

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Speaker 1: theory called the burglar alarm theory. I like this one.

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Speaker 1: Or basically they think that, um, when dinoflage lets start

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Speaker 1: to glow, it's because there's little fish eating on them, right,

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Speaker 1: which is disturbing. They think that maybe they glow to

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Speaker 1: basically alert larger fish that will come eat the smaller

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Speaker 1: fish so they'll stop eating the dino flagelets, that there's

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Speaker 1: little fish in the area. Pretty awesome, Like hey, help

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Speaker 1: come eat this guy because you're bigger. Uh. Here's some

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Speaker 1: other and you know, these are the ones that are

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Speaker 1: the most understood because there is a lot of uncertainty.

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Speaker 1: Like we said like ten times. Um, but here's here's

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Speaker 1: some of the reasons that they think they're doing this communication,

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Speaker 1: which we've mentioned with the firefly or the lightning bug. Uh,

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Speaker 1: to locate food, maybe to use it as an actual

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Speaker 1: light to see in the dark. Pretty cool, or a

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Speaker 1: spotlight to catch prey. Oh like temporarily blind something gotcha

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00:17:59,200 --> 00:18:02,719
Speaker 1: or no, like go find it. It's very dark in here.

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Speaker 1: I need to see what fish are to attract prey,

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Speaker 1: like the anglerfish. Like look at this bright glow, come here, chomp. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I love that one. What was that in Finding Nemo Man?

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Speaker 1: That thing was scary. I didn't see that movie was

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Speaker 1: a good one. Yeah, Camouflage. I don't watch any of

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Speaker 1: those anymore because Emily doesn't like them. Oh, yes, she

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Speaker 1: doesn't like Disney movies. She doesn't like any of those

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Speaker 1: Pixar movies because it's always like some tragedy, like someone

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Speaker 1: dies in its heartbreak and keep her away from Toy

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Speaker 1: Story three. Dude, I can't even watch that movie. I

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Speaker 1: made her watch up and she was just like a

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Speaker 1: like a little blob of play floor. The first ten

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Speaker 1: minutes are just so sad. Yeah, my god. But I

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Speaker 1: always explained to her, like this is why they make

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Speaker 1: these movies, so kids can learn how to cope with death,

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Speaker 1: and then they see like it's all happy afterwards, you know,

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Speaker 1: all right, Camouflage, this is the coolest one. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: the it's pretty It makes sense too, if you're in

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Speaker 1: the ocean, and if you've ever like swum down ten

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Speaker 1: or fiftet and looked up, open your eyes in the ocean.

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Speaker 1: I've done it. Um. It's it's hard to see stuff

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Speaker 1: below you, but it's easy to look up because you

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Speaker 1: know the sunlight's penetrating down and see like the silhouette

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Speaker 1: or in the case of Jaws, you see like the

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Speaker 1: silhouette of the lady's legs on the raft. You know

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00:19:12,560 --> 00:19:16,879
Speaker 1: that's good eating. Um. If you have like in the

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Speaker 1: case of what's it called counter elimination, you can actually

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Speaker 1: produce spots on your underside to make it more difficult

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Speaker 1: for a fish beneath you, a predator beneath you to

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Speaker 1: look up and like make out what's going on. Like

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Speaker 1: you won't have the the the perfect little silhouette outline

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Speaker 1: of a yummy fish. It'll confuse it basically because you're

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00:19:36,880 --> 00:19:40,400
Speaker 1: cutting down in the contrast, pretty cool, like you're creating

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Speaker 1: light that blends in with that same blue green light,

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Speaker 1: and all of a sudden you disappear well or just

336
00:19:46,760 --> 00:19:50,720
Speaker 1: breaks up your shape so you don't look like you should. Um.

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00:19:50,800 --> 00:19:54,200
Speaker 1: And then there's the opposite, the cookie cutter or cigar shark,

338
00:19:54,560 --> 00:19:56,960
Speaker 1: which is the name I think you made up um no,

339
00:19:57,240 --> 00:20:01,320
Speaker 1: that's real, which basically has the the reverse of that

340
00:20:01,480 --> 00:20:04,760
Speaker 1: where the bottom, the underside of the cookie cutter shark

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00:20:04,920 --> 00:20:08,480
Speaker 1: glows except for this one spot in the middle that

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00:20:08,960 --> 00:20:13,119
Speaker 1: is dark that looks like a small fish, So of

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00:20:13,600 --> 00:20:16,879
Speaker 1: shark or some other animal looking up. We'll be like,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna go eat that fish, and then all of

345
00:20:18,600 --> 00:20:20,960
Speaker 1: a sudden it's like, oh god, it's a cookie cutter

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Speaker 1: slash cigar shark. And then the cookie cutter shark takes

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00:20:24,800 --> 00:20:27,560
Speaker 1: a bite out of them, the round bite. Yeah, that's

348
00:20:27,560 --> 00:20:29,520
Speaker 1: why they call it the cookie cutter. It's like a

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00:20:29,560 --> 00:20:33,080
Speaker 1: little plug of flesh. And if you've ever seen google

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00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:36,560
Speaker 1: these dudes in their face, it's like the most frightening

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00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:38,320
Speaker 1: little thing you've ever seen in your life. Yeah, they're

352
00:20:38,359 --> 00:20:42,040
Speaker 1: pretty terrifying. And you'll see pictures of like a shark

353
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Speaker 1: or away all washed up on the shore with like

354
00:20:44,359 --> 00:20:47,680
Speaker 1: hundreds of these little bite plugs taken out of them. Yeah,

355
00:20:47,720 --> 00:20:50,840
Speaker 1: it's pretty awful. That's a that's a terrible way to go. Yeah,

356
00:20:50,920 --> 00:20:53,280
Speaker 1: but good for you, cigar shark, because you're small and

357
00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:55,960
Speaker 1: you're doing what you can. It's a tough world down there.

358
00:20:56,200 --> 00:21:00,640
Speaker 1: It's wildy, you know, it's diphotic and then off defenses

359
00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:04,320
Speaker 1: the last reason. Um And basically, like a squid may

360
00:21:04,400 --> 00:21:07,040
Speaker 1: release inc to cloud your vision, some of these things

361
00:21:07,119 --> 00:21:10,159
Speaker 1: can release a cloud of a glowing cloud two uh,

362
00:21:10,800 --> 00:21:13,479
Speaker 1: basically make you sit back and put on pink floyd

363
00:21:13,520 --> 00:21:15,399
Speaker 1: and like chill out for a little while. Yeah, I

364
00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:17,320
Speaker 1: looked it up. There's a shrimp. There's a type of

365
00:21:17,359 --> 00:21:21,640
Speaker 1: shrimp that releases a bioluminescent clown and I couldn't get

366
00:21:21,680 --> 00:21:25,119
Speaker 1: the name. I saw both fire breathing and vomiting shrimp

367
00:21:26,080 --> 00:21:29,440
Speaker 1: for the common names. But yeah, it just spits it out.

368
00:21:29,960 --> 00:21:32,640
Speaker 1: That's not what I would want. Order on the menu,

369
00:21:33,440 --> 00:21:37,160
Speaker 1: the fried vomiting shrimp. Uh, and make sure there's extra

370
00:21:37,280 --> 00:21:41,440
Speaker 1: poop in the main vein crowds. Um, So what's going

371
00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:46,280
Speaker 1: on here? How? How is this magic happening? Well, just

372
00:21:46,840 --> 00:21:49,200
Speaker 1: like we've mentioned with a light stick and involves two

373
00:21:49,240 --> 00:21:54,359
Speaker 1: different substances mixed together to produce this reaction. Um. And

374
00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:56,440
Speaker 1: there can be all different kinds of kinds of chemicals,

375
00:21:56,560 --> 00:22:00,400
Speaker 1: but depending on the on the fish or the being,

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00:22:00,960 --> 00:22:06,960
Speaker 1: the being, the life, uh, the God's gift. The one

377
00:22:07,080 --> 00:22:10,080
Speaker 1: is a a lucifer in and that's the light producer

378
00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:12,680
Speaker 1: and the other is a lucif phrase and that is

379
00:22:12,800 --> 00:22:17,040
Speaker 1: the enzyme that catalyzes it. So and those aren't specific

380
00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:19,800
Speaker 1: things like you you wouldn't look at the chemical composition

381
00:22:19,840 --> 00:22:22,000
Speaker 1: of something and be like, oh, that's a lucifer in. Yeah,

382
00:22:22,800 --> 00:22:25,720
Speaker 1: something can be a lucifer and it's a generic term

383
00:22:25,880 --> 00:22:29,440
Speaker 1: for something that produces light or something that catalyzes the

384
00:22:29,520 --> 00:22:33,639
Speaker 1: production of light, the lucifhrase. That is correct, and they

385
00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:38,280
Speaker 1: will mix together and a lot of times the lucifer

386
00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:40,960
Speaker 1: in is something called a photo protein and it needs

387
00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:43,280
Speaker 1: an eye on a charged ion to get things going.

388
00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:46,160
Speaker 1: That would be the lucifhrase. That's right. But in all

389
00:22:46,240 --> 00:22:49,520
Speaker 1: cases there's some sort of trigger. Could be mechanical, could

390
00:22:49,520 --> 00:22:53,080
Speaker 1: be chemical, could be neurological startle, Yeah, it could be

391
00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:56,000
Speaker 1: something they don't understand yet, but something triggers these two

392
00:22:56,600 --> 00:23:01,119
Speaker 1: things to get together and make this reaction. One thing

393
00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:06,240
Speaker 1: that I didn't realize was the word lucifer means lightbringer. Yeah,

394
00:23:06,480 --> 00:23:08,720
Speaker 1: I never knew that, you mean. I um went on

395
00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:11,720
Speaker 1: a little side tear last night trying to figure out

396
00:23:11,800 --> 00:23:16,000
Speaker 1: why the devil would be named the light bringer? Did

397
00:23:16,080 --> 00:23:19,080
Speaker 1: you find out? It's a mystery it's um Latin and

398
00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:24,720
Speaker 1: it came years like centuries after Um the Old Testament

399
00:23:24,840 --> 00:23:27,800
Speaker 1: was originally written, and I can't remember what version, but

400
00:23:27,920 --> 00:23:32,480
Speaker 1: it was basically like added on by thin. I guess

401
00:23:32,520 --> 00:23:36,199
Speaker 1: the Romans maybe added it on, but it's because it's

402
00:23:36,280 --> 00:23:40,720
Speaker 1: Latin and the original version was not written in Latin. Lightbringer,

403
00:23:41,080 --> 00:23:44,600
Speaker 1: the Lightbringer, the morning Star, that's another way to put it.

404
00:23:45,480 --> 00:23:48,600
Speaker 1: They said maybe it had to do with Venus, because

405
00:23:48,720 --> 00:23:53,200
Speaker 1: Venus is like a false star, and so maybe lucifer

406
00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:56,639
Speaker 1: is a false angel, is what they were saying. But

407
00:23:57,680 --> 00:24:00,680
Speaker 1: because the devil would always come in disguise. Maybe, Yeah,

408
00:24:00,880 --> 00:24:04,760
Speaker 1: I think that's weak light Bringer. That's pretty specific, Like

409
00:24:04,920 --> 00:24:07,399
Speaker 1: what is that? I bet there's some theologian that has

410
00:24:07,440 --> 00:24:09,320
Speaker 1: the answer here. I want to hear it. Yeah, I

411
00:24:09,480 --> 00:24:37,760
Speaker 1: was hard to find out about that one. So, Um,

412
00:24:37,960 --> 00:24:41,040
Speaker 1: you've got lucifer in, you've got lucifhrase. Some of these

413
00:24:41,160 --> 00:24:44,880
Speaker 1: chemical reactions require another substance, and a lot of times

414
00:24:44,960 --> 00:24:50,200
Speaker 1: it's oxygen, right, So luciferen will come in in contact

415
00:24:50,240 --> 00:24:53,160
Speaker 1: with an oxygen molecule and then the luciphrase comes along,

416
00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:59,040
Speaker 1: and then you've got a bioluminescent glow, which is pretty cool. Yeah,

417
00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:01,920
Speaker 1: But they also think that that's one of the reasons

418
00:25:02,520 --> 00:25:05,119
Speaker 1: I should say that's one of the reasons why they

419
00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:11,400
Speaker 1: think that bioluminescence is an accidental byproduct of regular old

420
00:25:11,440 --> 00:25:16,040
Speaker 1: evolution and that originally, um, like there's a lucifering called

421
00:25:16,320 --> 00:25:22,199
Speaker 1: um ceiling terrazine. I believe it's how you pronounce it, right, Uh.

422
00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:25,240
Speaker 1: And it's an antioxidant. It goes around and tries to

423
00:25:25,320 --> 00:25:31,840
Speaker 1: find like rogue, harmful free radicals, oxygen derivatives, right and

424
00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:36,680
Speaker 1: get rid of them. Uh. And they think that this

425
00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:41,720
Speaker 1: happened this was a process that was way way older

426
00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:47,080
Speaker 1: than bioluminescence, and then along came some substance that became

427
00:25:47,119 --> 00:25:51,440
Speaker 1: a lucifhrase, and then light was created, and then it

428
00:25:51,560 --> 00:25:56,200
Speaker 1: was just a byproduct like heats, a byproduct of metabolism, right. Um.

429
00:25:57,160 --> 00:25:59,800
Speaker 1: But they think also that over time this happened in

430
00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:03,000
Speaker 1: like maybe it's going on inside of us right now

431
00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:05,680
Speaker 1: if we're producing light but we just don't know it,

432
00:26:05,920 --> 00:26:08,040
Speaker 1: or it's just so weak that we wouldn't even possibly

433
00:26:08,080 --> 00:26:11,280
Speaker 1: be able to detect it. But this happened enough times

434
00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:14,840
Speaker 1: in animals in the ocean where suddenly ones could catch

435
00:26:14,880 --> 00:26:17,359
Speaker 1: prey more easily because they could see better than other

436
00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:21,159
Speaker 1: animals that weren't bioluminescing, And so it was selected in

437
00:26:21,280 --> 00:26:24,480
Speaker 1: these skies. And now bioluminescence is its own trait rather

438
00:26:24,560 --> 00:26:30,879
Speaker 1: than a byproduct of the antioxidant process. I bet you're right. Oh,

439
00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:33,119
Speaker 1: it's that's not me man. I think you just cooked

440
00:26:33,119 --> 00:26:37,719
Speaker 1: this up. I wish that's better than why as far

441
00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:40,159
Speaker 1: as research papers go, Yeah, throw a theory out there,

442
00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:43,080
Speaker 1: see if it sticks. That's what I say. So the

443
00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:45,600
Speaker 1: deal with these these animals is they either have all

444
00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:48,760
Speaker 1: this stuff like in their body as part of them,

445
00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:52,040
Speaker 1: or they have a little relationship with a bacteria like

446
00:26:52,160 --> 00:26:56,960
Speaker 1: producing bacteria that live in a light organ And this

447
00:26:57,160 --> 00:26:59,560
Speaker 1: is pretty cool, Like some of these animals can pull

448
00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:01,960
Speaker 1: this organ back into their body like it's always on.

449
00:27:02,600 --> 00:27:03,920
Speaker 1: Sometimes they don't want the light to be on, so

450
00:27:03,960 --> 00:27:05,840
Speaker 1: they'll pull it back in the body. Or they have

451
00:27:06,160 --> 00:27:08,960
Speaker 1: a little something like a light uh an eyelid that

452
00:27:09,040 --> 00:27:11,400
Speaker 1: they can just kind of close over the light, which

453
00:27:11,440 --> 00:27:16,080
Speaker 1: is pretty amazing. But it's always going. Yeah, And what

454
00:27:16,240 --> 00:27:19,040
Speaker 1: the other thing with evolution is they think that because

455
00:27:19,119 --> 00:27:21,560
Speaker 1: they don't see this as often in lakes, because lakes

456
00:27:21,560 --> 00:27:25,080
Speaker 1: are younger, then they think it maybe happened independently at

457
00:27:25,119 --> 00:27:27,679
Speaker 1: different parts in the ocean. So I talked to Tracey

458
00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:29,680
Speaker 1: about this, and it was a little hinky. She wrote

459
00:27:29,680 --> 00:27:32,240
Speaker 1: this a long time because she couldn't quite remember what

460
00:27:32,359 --> 00:27:34,320
Speaker 1: the point was. But the point was that they think

461
00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:41,280
Speaker 1: that because the process of antioxidation is a normal thing, um,

462
00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:46,840
Speaker 1: that the the conditions were right for bioluminescence to be

463
00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:50,159
Speaker 1: selected naturally in some places, but it wouldn't in like

464
00:27:50,240 --> 00:27:54,320
Speaker 1: a lake. So the the idea that this happened independently

465
00:27:54,440 --> 00:27:59,800
Speaker 1: and spontaneously when needed through evolution is kind of backed

466
00:28:00,080 --> 00:28:02,359
Speaker 1: by the idea that you don't really see bioluminescence at

467
00:28:02,359 --> 00:28:06,080
Speaker 1: the bottom of leaks because you don't need it. It

468
00:28:06,160 --> 00:28:08,080
Speaker 1: all makes sense when you just peel the peel the

469
00:28:08,080 --> 00:28:12,040
Speaker 1: little curtain back, doesn't it? When you peel the glowing

470
00:28:12,160 --> 00:28:15,480
Speaker 1: skin bag? What else you got? Anything else you've seen

471
00:28:15,520 --> 00:28:20,720
Speaker 1: glowing cats? Yeah? The Mayo Clinic likes to put jellyfish

472
00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:24,640
Speaker 1: jeans in animals the most the biggest one so far

473
00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:28,080
Speaker 1: as a cat, and make it glow because they're checking

474
00:28:28,280 --> 00:28:32,240
Speaker 1: um disease. They're using it to mark the progression of diseases.

475
00:28:32,720 --> 00:28:35,320
Speaker 1: But they made a glowing cat. It's pretty cool, now

476
00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:38,000
Speaker 1: does the I gotta look at this. It glows under

477
00:28:38,040 --> 00:28:40,680
Speaker 1: a blue light, but it glows green, and it's like

478
00:28:40,800 --> 00:28:44,280
Speaker 1: the cat glows green like it. I guess it's the hair.

479
00:28:45,080 --> 00:28:48,120
Speaker 1: The cara tin it produces has some sort of fluorescent

480
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:55,640
Speaker 1: property to it, but it's it's not bioluminescent in it's fluorescent,

481
00:28:55,920 --> 00:28:58,480
Speaker 1: and fluorescent is where you take light of on color

482
00:28:58,920 --> 00:29:01,200
Speaker 1: and reflect it back, absorb it and reflected back of

483
00:29:01,280 --> 00:29:03,760
Speaker 1: it as a different color. You're not actually producing light,

484
00:29:04,440 --> 00:29:07,360
Speaker 1: all right. I just looked it up. Wow, it's a

485
00:29:07,400 --> 00:29:10,880
Speaker 1: glowing cat, and I double check the date, double check

486
00:29:10,920 --> 00:29:14,920
Speaker 1: the damn Like, this better not be in April Fools article,

487
00:29:15,040 --> 00:29:23,120
Speaker 1: but it's not. Yeah, I want one of those this photo. Yeah, okay,

488
00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:27,479
Speaker 1: so if you you're done, I'm done. Yeah. There's glowing

489
00:29:27,560 --> 00:29:30,120
Speaker 1: rats too. Now these are baby cats. I think you

490
00:29:30,200 --> 00:29:34,600
Speaker 1: should pulled kittens in some countries. Um if you if

491
00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:37,400
Speaker 1: you want to learn more about bioluminescence, you should type

492
00:29:37,440 --> 00:29:40,240
Speaker 1: that in to the search bar. And you want to

493
00:29:40,320 --> 00:29:43,560
Speaker 1: type b I O l U M I N E

494
00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:50,160
Speaker 1: S C E n CE mouthful in the search bar

495
00:29:50,200 --> 00:29:52,560
Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com and it'll bring up

496
00:29:52,600 --> 00:29:56,800
Speaker 1: this very cool article with some pretty glowing pictures. UM,

497
00:29:57,040 --> 00:29:59,680
Speaker 1: and I said, uh, search bar somewhere in there, which

498
00:29:59,720 --> 00:30:01,840
Speaker 1: means it's time for listener mail. No, it's not Josh.

499
00:30:02,040 --> 00:30:04,560
Speaker 1: Today is part two of you want to say it.

500
00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:12,400
Speaker 1: For those of you don't know, this is a point

501
00:30:12,440 --> 00:30:15,160
Speaker 1: at the show where we um thank people for little

502
00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:18,560
Speaker 1: tokens and gifts and chatch keys and things that they

503
00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:21,600
Speaker 1: have sent us. Foods sometimes foods, and um, it's a

504
00:30:21,640 --> 00:30:23,600
Speaker 1: good chance to hear your name on the show as

505
00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:25,880
Speaker 1: a as a thank you, and it's a good chance

506
00:30:25,960 --> 00:30:28,000
Speaker 1: for some of you to find out where you can

507
00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:29,640
Speaker 1: get some of these things, because a lot of times

508
00:30:29,680 --> 00:30:33,520
Speaker 1: they're like really great creative crafty things. People write books,

509
00:30:33,560 --> 00:30:37,480
Speaker 1: and like we want to support uh crafters and writers

510
00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:42,400
Speaker 1: and bakers of cookies, and we want to support Bill Wagoner,

511
00:30:42,680 --> 00:30:45,160
Speaker 1: who sent us a bumper sticker on how to pronounce

512
00:30:45,240 --> 00:30:49,520
Speaker 1: Nevada Nevada. I'll never get used to that. It's not right.

513
00:30:50,080 --> 00:30:52,400
Speaker 1: It is right, but I tell everyone that writes in

514
00:30:52,720 --> 00:30:55,400
Speaker 1: only people from Nevada say it that way. Everyone else

515
00:30:55,440 --> 00:31:01,200
Speaker 1: says Nevada Nevada. That's Nevada, all right, Lily her sister

516
00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:03,840
Speaker 1: Toby and brother in law Danny start a company called

517
00:31:03,920 --> 00:31:07,080
Speaker 1: Please Be Good Humans. Oh yeah, remem of these guys. Uh,

518
00:31:07,120 --> 00:31:08,760
Speaker 1: they sent us some shirts. I think they sent some

519
00:31:08,920 --> 00:31:12,400
Speaker 1: to stickers. They've got them. Know everybody has stickers. We

520
00:31:12,520 --> 00:31:15,040
Speaker 1: passed them out. Oh well, Kristen Conger, I think that's

521
00:31:15,120 --> 00:31:16,800
Speaker 1: a short too though. Oh she did. I think so.

522
00:31:16,880 --> 00:31:20,640
Speaker 1: Oh that's great. Um. And basically everything is has the

523
00:31:20,720 --> 00:31:26,240
Speaker 1: pbg H logo on it, which is like be good

524
00:31:26,280 --> 00:31:29,520
Speaker 1: to each other, and of everything they sell goes to

525
00:31:29,640 --> 00:31:32,440
Speaker 1: the charity of your choice. So if you go there

526
00:31:33,120 --> 00:31:36,920
Speaker 1: Please Be Good Humans the Internet, you can actually get

527
00:31:36,960 --> 00:31:39,280
Speaker 1: some of the stuff and choose your own charity that

528
00:31:40,400 --> 00:31:43,160
Speaker 1: will go to. Very nice message, Very nice. Um. How

529
00:31:43,160 --> 00:31:47,760
Speaker 1: about some Randy Carbonone action. Yeah, he sent us his

530
00:31:47,840 --> 00:31:51,840
Speaker 1: Pirate Gags booklet, which is a tailor made for Pirate

531
00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:55,640
Speaker 1: Day talking about tool and Pirate Day. If you want

532
00:31:55,640 --> 00:31:58,840
Speaker 1: to learn more about that, you could go to Pirate

533
00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:03,440
Speaker 1: Day I R A T E A D A Y

534
00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:06,400
Speaker 1: dot blog spot dot com and hook up with Randy

535
00:32:06,480 --> 00:32:12,680
Speaker 1: Carbonny Action. Christopher M. Roth with an E at the end,

536
00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:15,400
Speaker 1: sent us a kindle version of his book Dirk Danger

537
00:32:15,520 --> 00:32:17,680
Speaker 1: Loves Life. I don't have a kindle yet, and I'm

538
00:32:17,720 --> 00:32:23,200
Speaker 1: dying to read this thing just sitting there. Um, Susannah

539
00:32:23,520 --> 00:32:28,080
Speaker 1: from Archie the Archie Comics. Um, she sent us a

540
00:32:28,160 --> 00:32:30,520
Speaker 1: bunch of stuff. She she she sends us stuff in

541
00:32:30,640 --> 00:32:33,840
Speaker 1: like waves. I guess you could put it. But most recently, um,

542
00:32:34,040 --> 00:32:38,120
Speaker 1: she sent us a Archie meets Kiss hardcover book of

543
00:32:38,240 --> 00:32:42,400
Speaker 1: Kevin Keller book. Um, that's the first gay character. That's right,

544
00:32:42,920 --> 00:32:46,000
Speaker 1: the first gay comic book character. This whole green Lantern hubbub.

545
00:32:46,560 --> 00:32:49,280
Speaker 1: I haven't heard that. Oh yeah, there's apparently two Green

546
00:32:49,360 --> 00:32:51,200
Speaker 1: Lanterns and one of them came out as gay and

547
00:32:51,480 --> 00:32:54,800
Speaker 1: just a man in the comic that he came out.

548
00:32:54,880 --> 00:32:59,200
Speaker 1: And yeah, but Archie's got a beat. It's right because

549
00:32:59,240 --> 00:33:02,160
Speaker 1: of Kevin Kelly was the first gay character. Uh in

550
00:33:02,800 --> 00:33:06,160
Speaker 1: the Jinx comics that Susannah is she draw right produced

551
00:33:06,160 --> 00:33:08,239
Speaker 1: those which yeah, I mean that's her baby. So, um

552
00:33:08,960 --> 00:33:11,239
Speaker 1: support the Jinx comics and archiees a hole. She sent

553
00:33:11,320 --> 00:33:13,520
Speaker 1: his shirts and what we were supposed to meet at

554
00:33:13,600 --> 00:33:16,280
Speaker 1: uh comic on but she said they were slammed in

555
00:33:16,280 --> 00:33:18,760
Speaker 1: the booth and she was unable to get away. Oh

556
00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:22,080
Speaker 1: I met Uncle John's reader people from reader people. They

557
00:33:22,160 --> 00:33:25,920
Speaker 1: gave us shirts and t hats. Very nice, so thank

558
00:33:25,960 --> 00:33:29,320
Speaker 1: you as well. We're from Mad Magazine too, which just

559
00:33:29,480 --> 00:33:32,760
Speaker 1: like floored me. Did you write the guy back? I

560
00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:36,840
Speaker 1: totally did you? Yeah, I finally did. Um. Daniel Mackenzie

561
00:33:36,920 --> 00:33:41,720
Speaker 1: from Oakland, California, Sennison LP from his band shut I Unison,

562
00:33:42,560 --> 00:33:47,280
Speaker 1: awesome music, indie rock, little noisy, little melodic, right up

563
00:33:47,320 --> 00:33:50,320
Speaker 1: my alley, shut Out Unison. I didn't see that one.

564
00:33:50,560 --> 00:33:54,760
Speaker 1: It's good stuff. Um, Andy Parr Sentison edition of Games

565
00:33:54,880 --> 00:33:58,720
Speaker 1: Magazine's World of Puzzles. Is that the one that had

566
00:33:58,920 --> 00:34:02,680
Speaker 1: us as a I believe so yeah, stuff you should

567
00:34:02,720 --> 00:34:05,080
Speaker 1: know was a clue in a word search. I believe

568
00:34:05,960 --> 00:34:08,799
Speaker 1: nobody got it. I don't get this one. That's cool,

569
00:34:08,880 --> 00:34:10,920
Speaker 1: but it was very nice that he uh he did.

570
00:34:11,120 --> 00:34:13,800
Speaker 1: He went to that trouble. Uh. Suki s u k

571
00:34:14,080 --> 00:34:17,640
Speaker 1: I Design Laboratory sentis some hankies and that this was

572
00:34:17,800 --> 00:34:22,560
Speaker 1: the lady who designed the baby head T shirt with

573
00:34:22,719 --> 00:34:25,200
Speaker 1: the fly. Yeah, our favorite T shirt of the submissions,

574
00:34:25,680 --> 00:34:28,800
Speaker 1: the most disturbing one. It was one of my five favorites.

575
00:34:29,320 --> 00:34:31,960
Speaker 1: It was my favorite, I think, yeah, but um, she

576
00:34:32,120 --> 00:34:34,200
Speaker 1: designed that and she sent us some hankies with like

577
00:34:34,680 --> 00:34:39,120
Speaker 1: these hankies have like sleeping sickness and hepatitis and like

578
00:34:39,200 --> 00:34:42,960
Speaker 1: the chemical combinations of these on the hanky. Yeah, it's

579
00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:46,760
Speaker 1: pretty funny. That's what's contained within. Yeah, that's pretty awesome.

580
00:34:47,400 --> 00:34:50,359
Speaker 1: Um yeah, thank you for those. Duff Man sent it's

581
00:34:50,400 --> 00:34:55,120
Speaker 1: the Springfield Isotopes couzy. Yeah from deaf Man himself. Yeah, uh,

582
00:34:55,360 --> 00:34:59,279
Speaker 1: we appreciate that, sir. Uh. Silver Fox broad Band sent

583
00:34:59,360 --> 00:35:01,640
Speaker 1: a Silver Fox T shirts and at first I was all,

584
00:35:02,040 --> 00:35:04,759
Speaker 1: what did this broadband company sending his shirts? Then I

585
00:35:04,840 --> 00:35:09,719
Speaker 1: looked up they supply internet for senior homes, So I

586
00:35:09,920 --> 00:35:12,400
Speaker 1: was all of a sudden wark with pride. Everyone at

587
00:35:12,440 --> 00:35:16,239
Speaker 1: my gym thinks that I'm a Silver Foxes. They wear

588
00:35:16,320 --> 00:35:19,759
Speaker 1: that shirt a lot. It's always comfortable. Let's see. The

589
00:35:19,840 --> 00:35:22,360
Speaker 1: guys from rock tail Ours send us a T shirt

590
00:35:22,719 --> 00:35:26,600
Speaker 1: a podcast about rock music. Um, that's rock and then

591
00:35:26,719 --> 00:35:30,560
Speaker 1: tail t a l e our check them out. Bike

592
00:35:30,760 --> 00:35:33,920
Speaker 1: rappers dot com uh with w R A p B

593
00:35:34,160 --> 00:35:37,759
Speaker 1: are not rapping like music. They sent us some reflective

594
00:35:37,760 --> 00:35:41,120
Speaker 1: bike rappers and dog collars basically just these little bell

595
00:35:41,160 --> 00:35:44,920
Speaker 1: grow thinks such an easy invention, but but necessary, and

596
00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:47,759
Speaker 1: you wrap them on the frame of your bike to

597
00:35:47,880 --> 00:35:50,120
Speaker 1: make your bike more reflective. And they have a little

598
00:35:50,160 --> 00:35:54,400
Speaker 1: reflective dog collars too. It's pretty cool. Um. We've got

599
00:35:54,520 --> 00:35:56,960
Speaker 1: Christmas cards from a bunch of people. Thank you very much.

600
00:35:56,960 --> 00:35:59,840
Speaker 1: From this is how far behind we are. It's Christmas

601
00:36:00,080 --> 00:36:04,240
Speaker 1: July everybody, Nick and Lindsay Devon, b Becca Evans, Andrew

602
00:36:04,400 --> 00:36:08,000
Speaker 1: and Janelle Thomas. So thank you very much. Merry Christmas

603
00:36:08,200 --> 00:36:11,759
Speaker 1: all your people, and happy Halloween. M oh and I've

604
00:36:11,800 --> 00:36:14,120
Speaker 1: got one more. Send us a Halloween card. Oh, thanks,

605
00:36:14,160 --> 00:36:17,400
Speaker 1: Happy Halloween, am uh. And then again from Nick and Lindsay.

606
00:36:17,440 --> 00:36:20,400
Speaker 1: They sent us Valentine state cards. Yeah, they're They're pretty sweet.

607
00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:22,239
Speaker 1: They send us stuff. Are you done because I got

608
00:36:22,320 --> 00:36:24,439
Speaker 1: two more in this one ahead, let's go for it, dude.

609
00:36:25,120 --> 00:36:28,600
Speaker 1: David Beaver's family has been making a magnetic calendar for

610
00:36:28,760 --> 00:36:31,880
Speaker 1: fifty years, and not just one. They've been making the

611
00:36:32,320 --> 00:36:37,239
Speaker 1: magnetic calendars for fifty years. Uh. The Magnetic Calendar dot

612
00:36:37,320 --> 00:36:41,080
Speaker 1: com owned, operated, made and sourced in the Midwest. It's

613
00:36:41,120 --> 00:36:43,759
Speaker 1: a selling point family business. They've been doing this for

614
00:36:43,920 --> 00:36:46,919
Speaker 1: how long fifty years? Fifty years? Uh? And then Jill

615
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:49,279
Speaker 1: Swing sent us a Twinkie the kid t shirts, so

616
00:36:49,400 --> 00:36:51,400
Speaker 1: thank you very much. Yeah, I believe it was how

617
00:36:51,440 --> 00:36:53,920
Speaker 1: made design to write. I don't know, I think it is,

618
00:36:54,120 --> 00:36:56,600
Speaker 1: was it? Yeah? Well, thank you everybody that was very

619
00:36:56,680 --> 00:37:00,239
Speaker 1: kind of you. Yeah, we have one more installment fell

620
00:37:00,320 --> 00:37:02,360
Speaker 1: here soon and then I have to do it because

621
00:37:02,400 --> 00:37:04,400
Speaker 1: these are all the ones that Chuck compiled. I think

622
00:37:04,440 --> 00:37:06,640
Speaker 1: it's most of them that you have a lot. I've

623
00:37:06,680 --> 00:37:08,880
Speaker 1: got a decent amount. All right, Well then there'll be

624
00:37:08,920 --> 00:37:10,759
Speaker 1: a part four, okay, and then we'll start all over

625
00:37:10,880 --> 00:37:14,200
Speaker 1: all right, all right? If you want to send us something,

626
00:37:14,560 --> 00:37:18,080
Speaker 1: even something is innocuous, is just a hello, You can

627
00:37:18,160 --> 00:37:20,880
Speaker 1: tweet to us at s y s K podcast. You

628
00:37:20,960 --> 00:37:23,600
Speaker 1: can join us on Facebook dot com, uh slash stuff

629
00:37:23,640 --> 00:37:26,920
Speaker 1: you should know, and you can send us an email

630
00:37:27,040 --> 00:37:35,840
Speaker 1: to Stuff Podcast at how stuff works dot com for

631
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