1 00:00:02,840 --> 00:00:06,880 Speaker 1: From Mediators World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is 2 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:11,360 Speaker 1: Cal's weekend review, presented by Steel Steel products are available 3 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:15,200 Speaker 1: only at authorized dealers. For more, go to Steel Dealers 4 00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:20,720 Speaker 1: dot com. Now here's your host, Ryan cal Callahan. 5 00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:25,560 Speaker 2: A new study from researchers at the University of California 6 00:00:25,600 --> 00:00:28,760 Speaker 2: has found that lab grown meat could produce between four 7 00:00:28,920 --> 00:00:33,120 Speaker 2: and twenty five times more atmosphere carbon dioxide than meat 8 00:00:33,159 --> 00:00:38,440 Speaker 2: grown by traditional methods, also known as just meat. Just Meat. 9 00:00:39,080 --> 00:00:41,680 Speaker 2: Reduced carbon emissions are one of the main selling points 10 00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:44,880 Speaker 2: of lab grown meat, doing away with millions of farting 11 00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:48,640 Speaker 2: cows by growing meat in a sterile lab environment must 12 00:00:48,680 --> 00:00:52,320 Speaker 2: mean less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, right not, According 13 00:00:52,360 --> 00:00:55,160 Speaker 2: to this particular study. To grow meat in the lab, 14 00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:58,080 Speaker 2: you need a growth medium, but this medium must first 15 00:00:58,160 --> 00:01:01,840 Speaker 2: be refined to eliminate endotoxs that can inhibit cell growth. 16 00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:05,920 Speaker 2: These researchers claim that this refinement process produces far more 17 00:01:05,959 --> 00:01:09,600 Speaker 2: CO two emissions than has previously been acknowledged. They asked 18 00:01:09,640 --> 00:01:13,080 Speaker 2: me that current refinement processes produced between five hundred and 19 00:01:13,160 --> 00:01:16,080 Speaker 2: forty two pounds and three three hundred and twenty five 20 00:01:16,120 --> 00:01:20,520 Speaker 2: pounds of CO two per kilogram of lab grown meat. Now, 21 00:01:20,520 --> 00:01:23,399 Speaker 2: if that doesn't mean anything to you, there's roughly two 22 00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:28,399 Speaker 2: point two pounds per kilogram, So you're exchanging two point 23 00:01:28,480 --> 00:01:33,720 Speaker 2: two pounds of lab grown meat substitute for somewhere between 24 00:01:33,880 --> 00:01:36,319 Speaker 2: five hundred and forty two pounds and three thousand, three 25 00:01:36,400 --> 00:01:40,759 Speaker 2: hundred and twenty five pounds of CO two, whereas regular 26 00:01:40,800 --> 00:01:45,920 Speaker 2: meat produces thirty six kilograms of CO two per kilogram 27 00:01:46,080 --> 00:01:49,880 Speaker 2: of regular meat. That data, mind you, is from our 28 00:01:50,040 --> 00:01:54,280 Speaker 2: world in data dot org. Now I should note that 29 00:01:54,320 --> 00:01:57,120 Speaker 2: this particular study that we've referenced has not yet been 30 00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:00,400 Speaker 2: peer reviewed. It's been submitted to a journal and published online, 31 00:02:00,400 --> 00:02:02,760 Speaker 2: but the study has not been subject to criticism from 32 00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:06,440 Speaker 2: other scientists yet. Reading between the lines, there also appears 33 00:02:06,480 --> 00:02:09,320 Speaker 2: to be some disagreement about exactly how much CO two 34 00:02:09,440 --> 00:02:13,120 Speaker 2: is produced by the medium refinement process. Still, I think 35 00:02:13,160 --> 00:02:16,880 Speaker 2: these researchers are asking an important question. There are costs 36 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:20,200 Speaker 2: to every benefit. Lab grown meat seems like it would 37 00:02:20,200 --> 00:02:23,320 Speaker 2: reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but there may be hidden costs 38 00:02:23,320 --> 00:02:27,200 Speaker 2: and unintended consequences most people don't think about, you know, 39 00:02:27,480 --> 00:02:32,160 Speaker 2: very very similar to electric vehicles. The end product, sure, 40 00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:34,520 Speaker 2: but getting to that end product has a heck of 41 00:02:34,520 --> 00:02:37,480 Speaker 2: a cost associated with it. Starting out heavy on the 42 00:02:37,480 --> 00:02:40,160 Speaker 2: week in review, there's that word again, heavy. 43 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:42,120 Speaker 1: Why are famed for heavy in the future? 44 00:02:42,200 --> 00:02:45,040 Speaker 2: Is there a problem with the earth gravitational pull? This 45 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:49,079 Speaker 2: week we've got Scotus Wotas, the crime Desk, and crossing Corners. 46 00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:50,840 Speaker 2: But first, I'm going to tell you about my week 47 00:02:52,480 --> 00:02:54,760 Speaker 2: in My week was a whole lot of fun. I 48 00:02:54,800 --> 00:02:57,120 Speaker 2: loaded the dogs up into the Black Series hit the 49 00:02:57,200 --> 00:02:59,800 Speaker 2: road in an attempt to fill my last three turkey 50 00:02:59,800 --> 00:03:02,680 Speaker 2: tap before the season ended, along with the month of May. 51 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:05,720 Speaker 2: As I've said before, hunting turkeys with the dogs is 52 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:09,800 Speaker 2: almost equal parts fun and frustrating. All of the uncontrollable 53 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:13,120 Speaker 2: dog movements are easily picked up by the keen periscope 54 00:03:13,160 --> 00:03:16,000 Speaker 2: of the tom turkey, especially one that has been hunted 55 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:19,640 Speaker 2: for over a month at this point. Wary wary birds. 56 00:03:19,880 --> 00:03:22,680 Speaker 2: The last week of the season here in Montana, however, 57 00:03:22,760 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 2: with my newly run over shotgun, I was able to 58 00:03:25,760 --> 00:03:28,440 Speaker 2: beg a big bird I intercepted on his way back 59 00:03:28,480 --> 00:03:30,520 Speaker 2: to the roost. Not the way I liked to do it, 60 00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:33,280 Speaker 2: but it was all the schedule would allow, and Montana 61 00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:36,040 Speaker 2: is a big state. In order to harvest all the 62 00:03:36,040 --> 00:03:39,520 Speaker 2: birds available in the spring, you must cover hundreds of 63 00:03:39,560 --> 00:03:42,200 Speaker 2: miles going from region to region to region where the 64 00:03:42,240 --> 00:03:45,600 Speaker 2: tags are available, which takes a lot of time. Our 65 00:03:45,680 --> 00:03:48,800 Speaker 2: next tag and challenge lay in a heavily populated area 66 00:03:48,800 --> 00:03:52,000 Speaker 2: of the state inhabited by a strong population of turkeys 67 00:03:52,160 --> 00:03:56,280 Speaker 2: and unfortunately turkey hunters. After identifying some areas on the 68 00:03:56,280 --> 00:03:58,280 Speaker 2: ol on X, the dogs and I took a long 69 00:03:58,360 --> 00:04:01,360 Speaker 2: hike off a steep mountain attempted to call two toms 70 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:05,440 Speaker 2: off of private land. It was no fun and there 71 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:09,760 Speaker 2: were no gobbles after the fly down kind of opening sequence. 72 00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:12,720 Speaker 2: So back up the mountain and onto the next stop. 73 00:04:13,320 --> 00:04:16,600 Speaker 2: We hiked a small hill, found fresh turkey poop, and 74 00:04:16,680 --> 00:04:21,080 Speaker 2: my spirits lifted just until Snort, being the bird dog 75 00:04:21,160 --> 00:04:24,479 Speaker 2: she is, found the hen turkey and sent her god 76 00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:28,000 Speaker 2: knows how far down the mountain across a river. Anyway, 77 00:04:28,560 --> 00:04:31,080 Speaker 2: no gobbles the next morning, but we did call in 78 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:33,720 Speaker 2: a bearded hen, which is legal to kill in this 79 00:04:33,760 --> 00:04:37,400 Speaker 2: particular region. Yes, if it meant meat on the table 80 00:04:37,520 --> 00:04:40,359 Speaker 2: versus none, I would happily kill a tom out of 81 00:04:40,360 --> 00:04:43,960 Speaker 2: a tree, But I just can't kill a hen. That's 82 00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:47,919 Speaker 2: like killing sixteen turkeys. Upon packing up and scratching my 83 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:51,000 Speaker 2: head as to where the next option is, I realized 84 00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:54,919 Speaker 2: that I hadn't tempted fate enough in this location. So 85 00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:57,279 Speaker 2: I pulled over at the next wide spot on the map, 86 00:04:57,480 --> 00:05:02,040 Speaker 2: grabbed diaphragm, call the dogs and not my shotgun or 87 00:05:02,080 --> 00:05:04,480 Speaker 2: my boots, and headed up the trail and my flops 88 00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:08,440 Speaker 2: or you know, slippers if you prefer. Sometimes you have 89 00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:11,520 Speaker 2: to tempt fate. I think you probably know what I'm 90 00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:14,000 Speaker 2: talking about here. You have to put yourself in a 91 00:05:14,080 --> 00:05:17,479 Speaker 2: stupid enough situation that you dare the hunting gods to 92 00:05:17,520 --> 00:05:21,640 Speaker 2: put their thumb or spurs in your eye? Was that 93 00:05:21,720 --> 00:05:24,560 Speaker 2: a gobble? The dogs looked in the same direction. Up 94 00:05:24,600 --> 00:05:27,720 Speaker 2: the trail, we advanced to a small opening about seventy 95 00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:34,360 Speaker 2: five yards across, and equal parts elation and depression. As 96 00:05:34,400 --> 00:05:37,359 Speaker 2: I know I have to now run the mile or 97 00:05:37,400 --> 00:05:39,000 Speaker 2: so back to the track to get the rest of 98 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:42,919 Speaker 2: my garb. As you diehard turkey hunters know, locating with 99 00:05:43,000 --> 00:05:46,240 Speaker 2: a diaphragm is not the best option. You can strike 100 00:05:46,279 --> 00:05:49,719 Speaker 2: a hot bird that cools off very quickly if left unattended, 101 00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:52,400 Speaker 2: wondering what the hell happened to that hymn as you, 102 00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:55,080 Speaker 2: you know, get your situation in order. But that's what 103 00:05:55,160 --> 00:05:58,120 Speaker 2: I did now, Huffing and puffing in the hot sun 104 00:05:58,200 --> 00:06:01,480 Speaker 2: of the now early afternoon, I grab my highly experimental 105 00:06:01,560 --> 00:06:05,200 Speaker 2: FHF turkey pack shotgun and decoy, stare at my boots 106 00:06:05,520 --> 00:06:08,839 Speaker 2: and think better not. You have a three o'clock meeting 107 00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:12,680 Speaker 2: you have to be on and being overly serious hasn't 108 00:06:12,720 --> 00:06:16,160 Speaker 2: been working. So back up the trail we go, free 109 00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:18,680 Speaker 2: towing it as it were, all the way to the 110 00:06:18,720 --> 00:06:22,240 Speaker 2: little picturesque meadow where the turkey had been. It is 111 00:06:22,279 --> 00:06:25,440 Speaker 2: now hot, still and silent, which I knew would happen, 112 00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:28,400 Speaker 2: and being as I was naked from the ankles down, 113 00:06:28,760 --> 00:06:32,240 Speaker 2: I should turn back for the truck right unless I 114 00:06:32,320 --> 00:06:34,919 Speaker 2: went a little further and higher onto the ridge and 115 00:06:35,080 --> 00:06:38,679 Speaker 2: into the next saddle, which I made just twenty minutes 116 00:06:38,760 --> 00:06:41,280 Speaker 2: late for my three pm meeting. But there were two 117 00:06:41,320 --> 00:06:44,719 Speaker 2: bars of reception on this ridge. Thirty minutes later, about 118 00:06:44,720 --> 00:06:47,840 Speaker 2: to wrap up my work call, two big horn sheep 119 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:52,440 Speaker 2: walked into my meeting space, oblivious to my impromptu office situation. 120 00:06:53,160 --> 00:06:56,000 Speaker 2: Ten minutes later we were back on the hunt off 121 00:06:56,040 --> 00:06:59,360 Speaker 2: the ridge out of cell reception that glorious dead spot 122 00:06:59,480 --> 00:07:03,360 Speaker 2: of being bothered. We worked into the next little mountain meadow, 123 00:07:03,880 --> 00:07:07,440 Speaker 2: quietly approaching in my slippers, and let out a casual 124 00:07:07,720 --> 00:07:10,880 Speaker 2: hen kind of on the mosey type of call sequence, 125 00:07:11,320 --> 00:07:20,760 Speaker 2: A little schmash smash map mi shmap two birds and 126 00:07:20,800 --> 00:07:23,400 Speaker 2: they were coming our way. I got the dogs hidden, 127 00:07:23,560 --> 00:07:26,040 Speaker 2: I staked decoy on the little knob that we were on, 128 00:07:26,360 --> 00:07:29,000 Speaker 2: slid into position on a tree, and over the next 129 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:32,920 Speaker 2: two hours the birds worked in really tight, then wandered away, 130 00:07:33,280 --> 00:07:36,560 Speaker 2: and then really tight, and then wandered away on three 131 00:07:36,600 --> 00:07:40,240 Speaker 2: different occasions. They do not trust us, so I made 132 00:07:40,280 --> 00:07:43,240 Speaker 2: the decision to aggressively cut the distance the next time 133 00:07:43,280 --> 00:07:45,960 Speaker 2: I hear the gobbles wander off, which is always a 134 00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:49,040 Speaker 2: risky call. In fact, it flies right in the face 135 00:07:49,240 --> 00:07:52,240 Speaker 2: of my favorite turkey hunting saying, which is, of course, 136 00:07:52,280 --> 00:07:55,800 Speaker 2: you kill them with your ass, not your feet. But 137 00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:57,680 Speaker 2: the dogs and I moved up quick, and as luck 138 00:07:57,720 --> 00:08:00,400 Speaker 2: would have it, the Thomises were still tall talking to 139 00:08:00,440 --> 00:08:02,920 Speaker 2: each other. We pushed right up to the edge of 140 00:08:02,920 --> 00:08:07,160 Speaker 2: this little ridge let out one little yelp yep. It 141 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:10,120 Speaker 2: was as inquisitive a yelp as I could make. Like 142 00:08:10,160 --> 00:08:14,800 Speaker 2: you boys still here. Instantly two redheads appear, and only 143 00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:18,080 Speaker 2: one ran away. On a whim and test of fate, 144 00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:20,840 Speaker 2: we struck the birds at twelve thirty and we were 145 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:24,400 Speaker 2: plucked and packed and gutted and heading slowly down the 146 00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:27,720 Speaker 2: sheep trail to the truck by six pm, only one 147 00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:31,760 Speaker 2: tag to go before Turkey season ends. Moving on to 148 00:08:31,800 --> 00:08:36,800 Speaker 2: the legal desk. By now, you've probably heard about the 149 00:08:36,840 --> 00:08:40,400 Speaker 2: Supreme Court ruling that significantly reduced protections for wetlands in 150 00:08:40,440 --> 00:08:43,880 Speaker 2: the United States. The Court ruled unanimously that the land 151 00:08:43,960 --> 00:08:46,959 Speaker 2: belonging to the plaintiffs in this case does not include 152 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:51,600 Speaker 2: federally protected waterways. However, and this is a big however, 153 00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:55,520 Speaker 2: they disagreed on what kinds of wetlands should receive federal 154 00:08:55,600 --> 00:09:00,359 Speaker 2: protection through a permitting process overseen by the Environmental Protection Agency. 155 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:03,640 Speaker 2: As with most Supreme Court cases, this one gets into 156 00:09:03,640 --> 00:09:06,040 Speaker 2: the weeds, or in this case, the cattails. But I'll 157 00:09:06,080 --> 00:09:08,640 Speaker 2: do my best to hit the highlights. Under the Clean 158 00:09:08,679 --> 00:09:12,120 Speaker 2: Water Act, the federal government has jurisdiction to regulate Waters 159 00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:16,079 Speaker 2: of the United States or wotas. The controversy stems from 160 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:19,800 Speaker 2: disagreement about what is and what isn't a water of 161 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:24,120 Speaker 2: the United States. According to Congress, navigable waterways at the 162 00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:27,600 Speaker 2: time of statehood are considered waters of the US. Nearly 163 00:09:27,679 --> 00:09:30,439 Speaker 2: everything else is up in the air. In practice, this 164 00:09:30,559 --> 00:09:33,240 Speaker 2: means that landowners and developers who have to apply for 165 00:09:33,320 --> 00:09:35,840 Speaker 2: permits if they want to dredge or fill in these 166 00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:39,199 Speaker 2: waters or put in drain tile that sort of nonsense, 167 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:42,559 Speaker 2: which is a headache for those folks, and sometimes their 168 00:09:42,559 --> 00:09:45,720 Speaker 2: permits are rejected. But I don't think anyone can deny 169 00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:48,760 Speaker 2: that the Clean Water Act has been a huge benefit 170 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:52,280 Speaker 2: to everything that relies on clean water to survive, which, 171 00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:55,920 Speaker 2: as it turns out, is everything. In this latest ruling, 172 00:09:56,080 --> 00:09:58,400 Speaker 2: the Supreme Court tried to define which water should be 173 00:09:58,480 --> 00:10:02,000 Speaker 2: covered under the Clean Water Act. Various presidents and courts 174 00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:04,560 Speaker 2: have tried to answer this question over the years, but 175 00:10:04,640 --> 00:10:07,280 Speaker 2: the last major development came in two thousand and six, 176 00:10:07,360 --> 00:10:10,080 Speaker 2: and that year the Supreme Court issued a ruling that 177 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:14,400 Speaker 2: established the significant nexus test. Under this test, a body 178 00:10:14,440 --> 00:10:17,040 Speaker 2: of water is considered waters of the United States if 179 00:10:17,080 --> 00:10:20,760 Speaker 2: it constitutes a significant nexus to waters that are either 180 00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:25,080 Speaker 2: navigable or could reasonably be made So everyone agrees that 181 00:10:25,120 --> 00:10:28,240 Speaker 2: this standard is vague and unworkable, but it maintained the 182 00:10:28,280 --> 00:10:31,280 Speaker 2: EPA's ability to protect wetlands that did not connect on 183 00:10:31,400 --> 00:10:35,280 Speaker 2: the surface to a navigable body of water. Most believe 184 00:10:35,440 --> 00:10:38,480 Speaker 2: that the Court could do away with the significant nexus test, 185 00:10:38,720 --> 00:10:41,319 Speaker 2: but no one was quite sure what they'd replace it with. 186 00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:44,079 Speaker 2: Now we have our answer. In a five to four 187 00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:47,880 Speaker 2: majority decision, the Court ruled that wetlands are only protected 188 00:10:47,880 --> 00:10:50,400 Speaker 2: by the Clean Water Act if they have a continuous 189 00:10:50,400 --> 00:10:54,040 Speaker 2: surface connection with a larger navigable body of water that 190 00:10:54,160 --> 00:10:58,240 Speaker 2: makes it quote difficult to determine where the water ends 191 00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:01,880 Speaker 2: and the wetland begins. In other words, even if a 192 00:11:01,920 --> 00:11:05,240 Speaker 2: wetland is separated from a navigable waterway by a man 193 00:11:05,280 --> 00:11:09,920 Speaker 2: made structure, it wouldn't count as waters of the United States. 194 00:11:10,640 --> 00:11:14,960 Speaker 2: Justices Alito, Thomas, Roberts, Gorsuch, and Barrett voted with the majority, 195 00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:19,959 Speaker 2: while Justice's Kavanaugh, Kegan, Sodomyer, and Jackson constituted the minority. 196 00:11:20,400 --> 00:11:23,240 Speaker 2: It's unclear right now to what extent this ruling will 197 00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:25,840 Speaker 2: impact hunters and anglers, but I think it's safe to 198 00:11:25,840 --> 00:11:29,160 Speaker 2: say it won't be good. By some estimates, this new 199 00:11:29,200 --> 00:11:33,199 Speaker 2: definition would eliminate Clean Water Act protection for over half 200 00:11:33,360 --> 00:11:37,800 Speaker 2: of our nation's wetlands and eighteen percent of the nation's streams. 201 00:11:38,240 --> 00:11:41,840 Speaker 2: That amounts to about twenty million acres of wetlands without 202 00:11:41,960 --> 00:11:46,400 Speaker 2: federal protection. Now here's an interesting insight from a duck 203 00:11:46,480 --> 00:11:49,839 Speaker 2: hunting buddy of mine down in Arkansas who was nice 204 00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:53,640 Speaker 2: enough to write in and point out that a lot 205 00:11:53,679 --> 00:11:58,200 Speaker 2: of the Dike Levy weir pump situations that they use, 206 00:11:58,640 --> 00:12:02,880 Speaker 2: not this guy specifically, but a lot of duck hunting operations, farms, 207 00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:06,160 Speaker 2: et cetera in that neck of the woods have been 208 00:12:06,240 --> 00:12:13,160 Speaker 2: hesitant to develop more waterfowl habitat by flooding timber field edges, 209 00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:17,520 Speaker 2: et cetera, because they didn't want to create an adjoining 210 00:12:17,720 --> 00:12:23,359 Speaker 2: waterway to a navigable waterway that could then be considered 211 00:12:23,720 --> 00:12:28,800 Speaker 2: in theory water under federal jurisdiction under the Clean Water Act, 212 00:12:29,200 --> 00:12:33,320 Speaker 2: or considered you know, waters of the United States. So, 213 00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:37,080 Speaker 2: with this new interpretation of waters of the United States, 214 00:12:37,640 --> 00:12:41,120 Speaker 2: those farmers in those areas who have the inclination to 215 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:45,000 Speaker 2: create more wetland habitat will be able to do so 216 00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:48,560 Speaker 2: without the idea that somebody's gonna come knock on their 217 00:12:48,559 --> 00:12:50,600 Speaker 2: door and say, Hey, I got to tell you what 218 00:12:50,600 --> 00:12:53,560 Speaker 2: I'm gonna do. With your private property. Peeche you got 219 00:12:53,600 --> 00:12:57,800 Speaker 2: it good. Anyway. What I think about is driving through 220 00:12:57,840 --> 00:13:01,200 Speaker 2: like North and South Dakota, where you see a lot 221 00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:05,520 Speaker 2: of active farm operations out there laying drain tile to 222 00:13:05,640 --> 00:13:10,760 Speaker 2: drain these intermittent wetlands, which are of course incredibly incredibly 223 00:13:10,880 --> 00:13:15,560 Speaker 2: vital to all sorts of migrating birds, but not to 224 00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:19,280 Speaker 2: mention our native upland birds and you know, deer and 225 00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:23,200 Speaker 2: analope species as well, so hunters and anglers understand how 226 00:13:23,240 --> 00:13:26,840 Speaker 2: important these habitats are. Ducks, geese, fish, and a host 227 00:13:26,880 --> 00:13:30,360 Speaker 2: of other animals and plants. A twenty eighteen pole conducted 228 00:13:30,360 --> 00:13:33,960 Speaker 2: by the TRCP found that ninety two percent of sportsmen 229 00:13:33,960 --> 00:13:37,040 Speaker 2: and women want the federal government to strengthen or maintain 230 00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:40,640 Speaker 2: current standards for clean water protections, and ninety three percent 231 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:43,280 Speaker 2: believe that the Clean Water Act has been a positive 232 00:13:43,320 --> 00:13:46,679 Speaker 2: thing for our country. Will continue tracking this story as 233 00:13:46,679 --> 00:13:50,320 Speaker 2: it progresses. The Biden administration just issued a new rule 234 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:53,720 Speaker 2: in January that clarified which wetlands are federally protected. But 235 00:13:53,840 --> 00:13:57,320 Speaker 2: because Fresh Case Law Trump's an administrative rule, they'll have 236 00:13:57,360 --> 00:13:59,800 Speaker 2: to go back to the drawing board. I imagine they'll 237 00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:02,880 Speaker 2: try to write that rule to maximize wetland protection under 238 00:14:02,880 --> 00:14:05,440 Speaker 2: this new standard, but I'm not sure how far they'll 239 00:14:05,440 --> 00:14:08,600 Speaker 2: be able to go. States will also continue to maintain 240 00:14:08,679 --> 00:14:13,600 Speaker 2: permitting processes for construction on wetlands, but obviously those standards 241 00:14:13,600 --> 00:14:17,280 Speaker 2: will differ significantly from state to state. For now, I 242 00:14:17,320 --> 00:14:19,800 Speaker 2: think we should renew our efforts to conserve the wetlands 243 00:14:19,800 --> 00:14:22,240 Speaker 2: we have left. Get in touch with your local chapter 244 00:14:22,280 --> 00:14:25,840 Speaker 2: of Ducks Unlimited, Delta Waterfowl Trout Unlimited, and see how 245 00:14:25,840 --> 00:14:28,160 Speaker 2: you can help. You may not be able to influence 246 00:14:28,160 --> 00:14:31,120 Speaker 2: a Supreme Court decision, but you can pick up trash 247 00:14:31,240 --> 00:14:34,440 Speaker 2: down at the local lake. Those habitat improvement projects and 248 00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:38,240 Speaker 2: fundraising efforts are more important now than ever. If you're 249 00:14:38,280 --> 00:14:41,200 Speaker 2: not into picking up trash, and you know, maybe you 250 00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:44,960 Speaker 2: see your local neighbor there who's out there with the 251 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:47,360 Speaker 2: back home and they want to dig a big long 252 00:14:47,440 --> 00:14:50,600 Speaker 2: line and drop some drain tile in, And you could 253 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:53,160 Speaker 2: mosey over there and say, hey, what's it worth to 254 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:57,720 Speaker 2: you to keep that thing producing waterfowl and invertebrate life 255 00:14:57,720 --> 00:15:01,160 Speaker 2: and all the things that make nature happen. You could 256 00:15:01,400 --> 00:15:04,080 Speaker 2: have your own little stewardship project. What do you think 257 00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:12,760 Speaker 2: of that moving on to the crime desk. A Pennsylvania 258 00:15:12,800 --> 00:15:14,920 Speaker 2: man is going to prison after he accidentally shot his 259 00:15:14,960 --> 00:15:17,600 Speaker 2: elderly neighbor while trying to kill a deer. But this 260 00:15:17,720 --> 00:15:20,280 Speaker 2: wasn't your typical case of mistaken identity in the woods. 261 00:15:20,560 --> 00:15:22,960 Speaker 2: Forty one year old Michael Lloyd had returned from a 262 00:15:23,040 --> 00:15:25,440 Speaker 2: hunting trip in December of twenty one when he stopped 263 00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:28,400 Speaker 2: in his neighbor's driveway and popped off two rounds from 264 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:32,120 Speaker 2: his forty five handgun at a deer. Lloyd missed the deer, 265 00:15:32,400 --> 00:15:35,120 Speaker 2: but he did hit his eighty three year old neighbor, 266 00:15:35,120 --> 00:15:37,960 Speaker 2: who was standing in the bushes behind the deer. Lloyd 267 00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:40,440 Speaker 2: stayed at the scene to render aid, which is probably 268 00:15:40,480 --> 00:15:42,920 Speaker 2: why he's only spending less than two years in jail 269 00:15:42,960 --> 00:15:46,880 Speaker 2: for reckless endangerment rather than a much longer stint for manslaughter. 270 00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:51,000 Speaker 2: The elderly neighbor survived but has been reportedly struggling to recover, 271 00:15:51,320 --> 00:15:54,560 Speaker 2: as you might imagine. Along with his prison sentence, Lloyd 272 00:15:54,600 --> 00:15:57,000 Speaker 2: will have his hunting license revoked for five years and 273 00:15:57,040 --> 00:16:00,320 Speaker 2: will pay twenty nine thousand dollars in restitution. He also 274 00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:03,760 Speaker 2: apologized multiple times before the sentencing, claimed to have given 275 00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:06,600 Speaker 2: away all his guns and says he'll never hunt again. 276 00:16:07,160 --> 00:16:10,280 Speaker 2: Not that I think he was hunting. When the incident occurred, 277 00:16:12,280 --> 00:16:15,440 Speaker 2: Yellowstone National Park caused a minor firestorm on social media 278 00:16:15,480 --> 00:16:17,640 Speaker 2: after they posted an image of a man trying to 279 00:16:17,680 --> 00:16:20,960 Speaker 2: carry a baby bison. That's actually not what got everyone 280 00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:24,520 Speaker 2: so upset. Park officials explained that after the calf became 281 00:16:24,560 --> 00:16:27,480 Speaker 2: separated from herd crossing the Lamar River, the man pulled 282 00:16:27,480 --> 00:16:29,720 Speaker 2: the calf away from the river and pushed it back 283 00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:32,880 Speaker 2: onto the road. Park rangers later tried to reunite the 284 00:16:32,880 --> 00:16:35,800 Speaker 2: calf with its mother, but the mother rejected it, presumably 285 00:16:35,880 --> 00:16:38,320 Speaker 2: because it had been handled. Some folks were upset at 286 00:16:38,360 --> 00:16:41,000 Speaker 2: the man for interfering with Yellowstone wildlife, but even more 287 00:16:41,040 --> 00:16:43,840 Speaker 2: people were upset because park rangers had to euthanize the 288 00:16:43,880 --> 00:16:46,640 Speaker 2: calf after they were unable to reunite it with its herd. 289 00:16:47,120 --> 00:16:50,000 Speaker 2: Social media users wondered why Yellowstone did not care for 290 00:16:50,040 --> 00:16:53,080 Speaker 2: the bison or send it to another facility. Park officials 291 00:16:53,080 --> 00:16:56,360 Speaker 2: explained that federal and state regulations prohibit the transport of 292 00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:59,160 Speaker 2: bison out of Yellowstone unless those bison are going to 293 00:16:59,200 --> 00:17:02,600 Speaker 2: meet processing or scientific research facilities. The park has a 294 00:17:02,680 --> 00:17:06,320 Speaker 2: quarantine facility, but officials decided that a newborn calf abandoned 295 00:17:06,359 --> 00:17:09,000 Speaker 2: by its mother was not a good candidate for quarantine, 296 00:17:09,359 --> 00:17:13,120 Speaker 2: but a great candidate for the smoker. That's a joke, 297 00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:16,120 Speaker 2: but I mean that's what I'd do. Come on, park employees. 298 00:17:16,640 --> 00:17:18,840 Speaker 2: It sounds like the calf wasn't likely to survive no 299 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:21,399 Speaker 2: matter what the rangers did, so they killed it and 300 00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:24,480 Speaker 2: left its body on the landscape because quote National Parks, 301 00:17:24,480 --> 00:17:27,639 Speaker 2: Preserve and natural processes. The man who one of you 302 00:17:27,680 --> 00:17:30,720 Speaker 2: pointed out looks exactly like Mike Ermantrot from the TV 303 00:17:30,760 --> 00:17:34,800 Speaker 2: show Breaking Bad has been identified as Clifford Walters of Haaii. 304 00:17:35,400 --> 00:17:39,080 Speaker 2: He pleaded guilty to one count of feeding, touching, teasing, frightening, 305 00:17:39,240 --> 00:17:43,160 Speaker 2: or intentionally disturbing wildlife. The US Attorney's Office for Wyoming 306 00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:45,359 Speaker 2: said he was ordered to pay around one thousand bucks 307 00:17:45,359 --> 00:17:48,240 Speaker 2: in a fine and payment to the park's wildlife fund. 308 00:17:50,200 --> 00:17:53,840 Speaker 2: Pennsylvania game wardens busted six individuals last week for allegedly 309 00:17:53,920 --> 00:17:56,480 Speaker 2: poaching more than one hundred white tailed deer over the 310 00:17:56,520 --> 00:17:59,400 Speaker 2: last six months, in what officials are calling a complete 311 00:17:59,400 --> 00:18:03,560 Speaker 2: disregard for our wildlife resources. These six yahoos left most 312 00:18:03,560 --> 00:18:05,880 Speaker 2: of those deer to rot after killing them last fall 313 00:18:05,920 --> 00:18:10,119 Speaker 2: and winter. Three of the individuals, Hunter Atherton, Abigail Hoover, 314 00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:13,840 Speaker 2: and Kayu Patterson were twenty years old. The other three 315 00:18:13,880 --> 00:18:17,560 Speaker 2: were juveniles. Witnesses reported dead deer in their yards and fields, 316 00:18:17,640 --> 00:18:20,439 Speaker 2: and wardens observed the poacher's spotlighting deer at night and 317 00:18:20,480 --> 00:18:23,600 Speaker 2: shooting them with a twenty two magnum rifle. When asked, 318 00:18:23,680 --> 00:18:26,199 Speaker 2: they told wardens that they shot the deer quote just 319 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:28,840 Speaker 2: for fun. They likely won't be having much more fun 320 00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:31,440 Speaker 2: for a while. Some of their charges are felonies, carrying 321 00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:33,919 Speaker 2: a maximum sentence of thirty six months in jail and 322 00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:37,200 Speaker 2: a fifteen thousand dollars fine. Let's hope the court opts 323 00:18:37,280 --> 00:18:40,159 Speaker 2: to teach these youngsters a lesson and nip these budding 324 00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:43,560 Speaker 2: poachers before they blossom. I'd probably get them jobs in 325 00:18:43,600 --> 00:18:49,000 Speaker 2: a meat processing facility. Up in Washington State, another poacher 326 00:18:49,040 --> 00:18:51,760 Speaker 2: got busted after hunters reported seeing them on their trail 327 00:18:51,840 --> 00:18:54,920 Speaker 2: cameras in real time. Thanks to Alex Young for sending 328 00:18:55,040 --> 00:18:58,320 Speaker 2: us this story. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife police 329 00:18:58,320 --> 00:19:00,560 Speaker 2: reported that they received a call from a hunter who 330 00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:02,480 Speaker 2: had seen a man with a rifle on his cellular 331 00:19:02,560 --> 00:19:05,160 Speaker 2: trail camp. The hunter saw a pack of dogs chasing 332 00:19:05,240 --> 00:19:07,399 Speaker 2: a bear, and then the man walked by. About twenty 333 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:10,240 Speaker 2: minutes later, a game warden was dispatched to the area, 334 00:19:10,280 --> 00:19:12,119 Speaker 2: and it wasn't long before she met the thirty one 335 00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:14,680 Speaker 2: year old suspect walking out of the woods. He at 336 00:19:14,680 --> 00:19:17,119 Speaker 2: first claimed that he was just exercising his dogs and 337 00:19:17,160 --> 00:19:19,639 Speaker 2: he was no longer carrying his rifle, but the warden 338 00:19:19,680 --> 00:19:22,560 Speaker 2: noticed fresh lacerations on the dog's faces, and the man 339 00:19:22,600 --> 00:19:26,240 Speaker 2: soon led wardens to the dead bear, his rifle and handgun. 340 00:19:26,680 --> 00:19:29,119 Speaker 2: He will be facing charges for closed season bear hunting, 341 00:19:29,320 --> 00:19:32,800 Speaker 2: unlawful use of dogs to pursue bear hunting while trustpassing, 342 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:36,320 Speaker 2: and waste of game. The stars lined up on this case, 343 00:19:36,480 --> 00:19:39,400 Speaker 2: said Captain Dan Chadwick. We were fortunate that this crime 344 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:42,160 Speaker 2: was captured by a cellular trail camera that alerted the owner, 345 00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,920 Speaker 2: who then quickly called it in. All the poachers and 346 00:19:45,040 --> 00:19:49,399 Speaker 2: charges except hunting while truspassing, are gross misdemeanors, punishable by 347 00:19:49,520 --> 00:19:51,159 Speaker 2: up to one year in jail and up to a 348 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:53,879 Speaker 2: five thousand dollars fine plus a two thousand dollars criminal 349 00:19:53,880 --> 00:19:58,880 Speaker 2: wildlife penalty. A Colorado man spent three days in jail 350 00:19:58,920 --> 00:20:00,639 Speaker 2: and was forced to pay over a third thousand dollars 351 00:20:00,640 --> 00:20:03,680 Speaker 2: in fines and court costs after he released a bobcat 352 00:20:03,720 --> 00:20:06,639 Speaker 2: from a trap. Back in November, forty year old Adam 353 00:20:06,680 --> 00:20:09,919 Speaker 2: Reich posted on his Facebook page that he had released 354 00:20:09,920 --> 00:20:12,280 Speaker 2: a bobcat from a leg hold trap and had been 355 00:20:12,320 --> 00:20:15,560 Speaker 2: injured in the process. According to the news outlet Sweetwater Now, 356 00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:18,639 Speaker 2: the Facebook post showed Reich with cuts to his arm 357 00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:21,159 Speaker 2: and face and included a photo of the bobcat. The 358 00:20:21,240 --> 00:20:24,240 Speaker 2: man deleted the post, but not before someone notified officials. 359 00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:26,879 Speaker 2: Game Warden visited the trap site later that day and 360 00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:29,800 Speaker 2: found evidence that Reuch had been at the scene. Even 361 00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:32,680 Speaker 2: though the man pleaded no contest to unlawful release of 362 00:20:32,720 --> 00:20:35,280 Speaker 2: a fur bearer from a trap, he still maintains the 363 00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:38,439 Speaker 2: cat attacked him first. He said, quote, this cat jumped 364 00:20:38,440 --> 00:20:40,480 Speaker 2: on me and chewed me up pretty good. It took 365 00:20:40,520 --> 00:20:44,040 Speaker 2: everything I had to control this bobcat. During this process, 366 00:20:44,119 --> 00:20:45,840 Speaker 2: I was able to free the cat from the trap 367 00:20:45,880 --> 00:20:47,560 Speaker 2: as I really did not know what else to do 368 00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:51,040 Speaker 2: in the situation. Along with probation and fines, Reuch was 369 00:20:51,080 --> 00:20:53,720 Speaker 2: also ordered not to go within five hundred yards of 370 00:20:53,760 --> 00:20:59,240 Speaker 2: any legally set traps. In Texas, a duck hunter was 371 00:20:59,240 --> 00:21:02,800 Speaker 2: given multiple citations and warnings after game wardens found eighteen 372 00:21:02,880 --> 00:21:05,880 Speaker 2: holed duck carcasses in the dumpster at his mobile home park. 373 00:21:06,240 --> 00:21:08,800 Speaker 2: An employee at the park notified wardens about the ducks. 374 00:21:08,920 --> 00:21:11,600 Speaker 2: Hats off to that employee, and when confronted, the hunter 375 00:21:11,680 --> 00:21:14,639 Speaker 2: admitted throwing them in the trash. He explained that he 376 00:21:14,680 --> 00:21:17,240 Speaker 2: had accepted the ducks from two other hunters after attending 377 00:21:17,280 --> 00:21:19,480 Speaker 2: a guided hunt. He threw those ducks in the bed 378 00:21:19,480 --> 00:21:21,840 Speaker 2: of his truck and drove somewhere else for another hunt. 379 00:21:21,880 --> 00:21:24,320 Speaker 2: The next day. He said he no longer felt like 380 00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:26,880 Speaker 2: cleaning the ducks when he returned home, so he threw 381 00:21:26,920 --> 00:21:30,040 Speaker 2: them in the dumpster no longer felt like an officer. 382 00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:34,679 Speaker 2: In a first of its kind lawsuit, the Kentucky Department 383 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:37,920 Speaker 2: of Fish Wildlife is suing a hunter for illegally importing 384 00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:41,640 Speaker 2: a deer head from Wisconsin. The hunter, Nicholas Behringer, already 385 00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:44,919 Speaker 2: admitted to bringing a deer head back from Wisconsin in 386 00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:47,879 Speaker 2: violation of Kentucky law, and he paid the fifty dollars 387 00:21:47,880 --> 00:21:50,840 Speaker 2: fine in addition to court fees. But for the first 388 00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:53,760 Speaker 2: time ever, the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife is 389 00:21:53,760 --> 00:21:57,400 Speaker 2: bringing a civil suit seeking nearly nineteen hundred dollars in damages. 390 00:21:57,800 --> 00:22:02,520 Speaker 2: That amount represents the department's cost of investigation, testing, prosecution, 391 00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:07,000 Speaker 2: and disposal of the infected carcass parts. Barringer legally checked 392 00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:10,600 Speaker 2: his eight point bucky in accordance with Wisconsin's regulations. According 393 00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:13,639 Speaker 2: to a Kentucky DFW press release, he then brought the 394 00:22:13,680 --> 00:22:16,879 Speaker 2: intact head of the deer into Kentucky four taxidermy, in 395 00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:20,919 Speaker 2: violation of Kentucky's prohibition on the importation of deer carcasses 396 00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:24,480 Speaker 2: or high risk parts having tissue potentially infected with chronic 397 00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:28,320 Speaker 2: wasting disease. The deer tested positive for CWD and still 398 00:22:28,359 --> 00:22:31,360 Speaker 2: contained the brain and spinal cord, but it remained frozen, 399 00:22:31,560 --> 00:22:37,160 Speaker 2: supposed no risk of spreading CWD into Kentucky. The main 400 00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:40,160 Speaker 2: Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife was seeking the public's 401 00:22:40,160 --> 00:22:43,160 Speaker 2: help identifying a woman who brought a baby raccoon into 402 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:45,560 Speaker 2: a pet co in the city of Auburn. The woman 403 00:22:45,640 --> 00:22:47,760 Speaker 2: brought the raccoon into the story trying to get its 404 00:22:47,880 --> 00:22:51,520 Speaker 2: nails trimmed, and multiple store patrons handled the raccoon. Some 405 00:22:51,640 --> 00:22:55,040 Speaker 2: even kissed it. The Main Wildlife Department later posted an 406 00:22:55,080 --> 00:22:57,560 Speaker 2: update on its Facebook page that the raccoon had been 407 00:22:57,600 --> 00:23:01,200 Speaker 2: located and did not test positive for raises. No word 408 00:23:01,240 --> 00:23:04,960 Speaker 2: on whether the woman is facing charges or penalties. And 409 00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:08,600 Speaker 2: moving on to the latest greatest story, the public land desk. 410 00:23:10,440 --> 00:23:13,080 Speaker 2: A federal judge in Wyoming ruled last week the public 411 00:23:13,160 --> 00:23:17,240 Speaker 2: land users who corner cross are immune from civil liability. 412 00:23:17,720 --> 00:23:20,119 Speaker 2: This isn't the end of the Wyoming corner crossing case, 413 00:23:20,160 --> 00:23:22,399 Speaker 2: but it's a big step in the right direction in 414 00:23:22,480 --> 00:23:25,840 Speaker 2: a huge win for public land hunters and anglers. If 415 00:23:25,840 --> 00:23:28,440 Speaker 2: you haven't been following this story, here's a quick recap. 416 00:23:28,760 --> 00:23:31,080 Speaker 2: In twenty twenty and twenty twenty one, a group of 417 00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:34,360 Speaker 2: hunters from Missouri We're going elk hunting and mule deer 418 00:23:34,400 --> 00:23:38,160 Speaker 2: hunting near Elk Mountain in southeast Wyoming. The public parcels 419 00:23:38,200 --> 00:23:40,600 Speaker 2: that they were hunting were mixed in with private land 420 00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:44,240 Speaker 2: in a checkerboard pattern. Instead of walking across private land 421 00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:47,680 Speaker 2: to reach public these hunters used a ladder to climb 422 00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:50,560 Speaker 2: from one public block to another at the corner where 423 00:23:50,600 --> 00:23:53,480 Speaker 2: those blocks meet. Now I have to say they only 424 00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:58,560 Speaker 2: used a ladder in order to completely not touch the 425 00:23:58,600 --> 00:24:01,720 Speaker 2: property of the land owner, as one of the land 426 00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:05,280 Speaker 2: owner's agents had put two te posts in a length 427 00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:09,040 Speaker 2: of chain at that corner as a deterrent from this 428 00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:13,440 Speaker 2: legal public access. But even though these guys were clearly 429 00:24:13,480 --> 00:24:16,520 Speaker 2: doing their best to avoid trespassing, that wasn't enough for 430 00:24:16,680 --> 00:24:20,760 Speaker 2: landowner fred Eshelman. He pressed charges against the hunters, and 431 00:24:20,800 --> 00:24:23,560 Speaker 2: when a court found them not guilty of criminal trustpass 432 00:24:23,760 --> 00:24:27,080 Speaker 2: he sued in federal civil court. He claimed the hunters 433 00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:29,560 Speaker 2: had damaged his property's value to the tune of seven 434 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,560 Speaker 2: million dollars, and the case was presented before Chief US 435 00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:36,560 Speaker 2: District Judged Scott Scavdaal. Eshlman argued that even though the 436 00:24:36,600 --> 00:24:39,760 Speaker 2: hunters had not touched his property, they still trespassed into 437 00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:43,359 Speaker 2: his property's airspace. The hunters argued that Eshlman violated the 438 00:24:43,440 --> 00:24:47,919 Speaker 2: Unlawful Enclosures Act, which prohibits anyone from restricting access to 439 00:24:47,960 --> 00:24:51,840 Speaker 2: public land. The judge issued a resounding opinion in favor 440 00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:54,439 Speaker 2: of the hunters. Quote the court finds that where a 441 00:24:54,480 --> 00:24:58,280 Speaker 2: person corner crosses on foot within the checkerboard pattern from 442 00:24:58,359 --> 00:25:01,000 Speaker 2: public land to public land without touching the surface of 443 00:25:01,040 --> 00:25:05,000 Speaker 2: private land and without damaging private property, there is no 444 00:25:05,119 --> 00:25:08,560 Speaker 2: liability for trust pass. The judge relied heavily on a 445 00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:13,280 Speaker 2: nineteen fourteen case known as McKay v. UINTA Development Company. 446 00:25:13,640 --> 00:25:15,920 Speaker 2: In that case, a federal court ruled that a sheep 447 00:25:15,960 --> 00:25:18,960 Speaker 2: farmer could move his herd across private land to access 448 00:25:18,960 --> 00:25:23,360 Speaker 2: public parcels in southern Wyoming. That court found that individuals 449 00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:27,560 Speaker 2: quote possess a reasonable way of passage over the unenclosed 450 00:25:27,720 --> 00:25:31,359 Speaker 2: tract of land without being guilty of trustpass. To answer 451 00:25:31,440 --> 00:25:35,520 Speaker 2: Eshelmann's argument about airspace, the judge cited another nineteen seventy 452 00:25:35,560 --> 00:25:38,919 Speaker 2: four case from the Tenth Circuit Court. In that case, 453 00:25:38,960 --> 00:25:41,840 Speaker 2: the court ruled that for someone to trespass into a 454 00:25:41,960 --> 00:25:45,920 Speaker 2: property's airspace, they had to in some other way damage 455 00:25:45,960 --> 00:25:50,520 Speaker 2: the property or interfere with the use of that property. Furthermore, 456 00:25:50,680 --> 00:25:54,760 Speaker 2: the Wyoming legislature just passed a law this year prohibiting 457 00:25:54,840 --> 00:26:00,000 Speaker 2: hunters from quote traveling through private property to access public land. 458 00:26:00,480 --> 00:26:06,200 Speaker 2: But that law clarified traveling through. Traveling through required physically 459 00:26:06,280 --> 00:26:09,560 Speaker 2: touching the surface of private property, and so would not 460 00:26:09,720 --> 00:26:14,120 Speaker 2: have applied to these hunters or hunters who cross at 461 00:26:14,160 --> 00:26:17,840 Speaker 2: the corners. Taking all these things together, the judge came 462 00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:20,679 Speaker 2: to the common sense conclusion that the hunters have just 463 00:26:20,760 --> 00:26:23,400 Speaker 2: as much right to the airspace above those corners as 464 00:26:23,560 --> 00:26:26,679 Speaker 2: Eshelman does. This is a good ruling, but it's not 465 00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:28,600 Speaker 2: the end of the story. For one thing, it doesn't 466 00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:31,960 Speaker 2: make corner crossing legal across the country. In fact, it 467 00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:35,080 Speaker 2: may not even make corner crossing legal in every situation 468 00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:38,000 Speaker 2: in Wyoming. We spoke with Dave Wilms, who you may 469 00:26:38,040 --> 00:26:40,920 Speaker 2: remember from episode three to three of the Meat Eater 470 00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:44,960 Speaker 2: podcasts where we covered this case. Wilms is an attorney hunter, 471 00:26:45,280 --> 00:26:48,440 Speaker 2: Senior director for Western Wildlife at the National Wildlife Federation, 472 00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:52,040 Speaker 2: and former policy advisor to the Governor of Wyoming. He 473 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:56,040 Speaker 2: explained that while the judge clearly removed civiliability from corner 474 00:26:56,080 --> 00:26:58,520 Speaker 2: crossers in the state, the judge seemed to limit his 475 00:26:58,600 --> 00:27:02,200 Speaker 2: decision to land laid out in a checkerboard pattern. This 476 00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:05,359 Speaker 2: pattern emerged as a result of the westward expansion of 477 00:27:05,400 --> 00:27:08,439 Speaker 2: the railroad, and the judge only references this type of 478 00:27:08,520 --> 00:27:12,600 Speaker 2: land in his decision. Here's Wilms, I'm. 479 00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:15,120 Speaker 3: Not actually sure that it would suggest that you're open 480 00:27:15,160 --> 00:27:18,440 Speaker 3: to corner crossing anywhere in Wyoming. That's not crystal clear to. 481 00:27:18,400 --> 00:27:19,480 Speaker 1: Me when I read the opinion. 482 00:27:19,680 --> 00:27:23,760 Speaker 3: In fact, it seems like it's fairly narrowly tailored to 483 00:27:24,320 --> 00:27:26,160 Speaker 3: just the railroad checkerboard. 484 00:27:26,760 --> 00:27:30,679 Speaker 2: The judge didn't specifically exclude non checkerboard land, but Wilms 485 00:27:30,720 --> 00:27:33,880 Speaker 2: points out that this decision leaves the point open for interpretation. 486 00:27:34,480 --> 00:27:37,840 Speaker 2: The decision may also not apply to other criminal cases. 487 00:27:38,160 --> 00:27:41,359 Speaker 2: The new Wyoming law I mentioned earlier likely protects corner 488 00:27:41,359 --> 00:27:44,359 Speaker 2: crossers on all types of landlocked land, but if the 489 00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:48,560 Speaker 2: legislature changes that statute, it's unclear whether this decision could 490 00:27:48,560 --> 00:27:52,280 Speaker 2: save them from criminal trespass charges. Here's the bottom line 491 00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:54,119 Speaker 2: with the covey that I'm not a lawyer, and this 492 00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:57,280 Speaker 2: is not legal advice. If you live in Wyoming, corner 493 00:27:57,280 --> 00:27:59,600 Speaker 2: crossing is more legal than it was two years ago, 494 00:27:59,840 --> 00:28:03,240 Speaker 2: but you still might find yourself dealing with trespassed charges. 495 00:28:03,560 --> 00:28:05,440 Speaker 2: If you live in any other state, you'll have to 496 00:28:05,520 --> 00:28:08,080 Speaker 2: check with your state's laws. The only thing that can 497 00:28:08,119 --> 00:28:11,440 Speaker 2: make corner crossing legal across the country is a Supreme 498 00:28:11,520 --> 00:28:14,359 Speaker 2: Court decision or an Act of Congress, which is a 499 00:28:14,359 --> 00:28:17,359 Speaker 2: long way from happening. It's more likely that each state 500 00:28:17,400 --> 00:28:20,520 Speaker 2: addresses this issue based on its own political climate. In 501 00:28:20,560 --> 00:28:23,119 Speaker 2: the state legislature. Here's Wilms again. 502 00:28:23,680 --> 00:28:26,119 Speaker 3: I've always thought one of the outgrowths of this case, 503 00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:30,800 Speaker 3: regardless of how it played out, is that depending on 504 00:28:30,880 --> 00:28:33,399 Speaker 3: what you state you're in and the politics of that state, 505 00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:35,600 Speaker 3: you might wind up with a different answer in a 506 00:28:35,600 --> 00:28:38,280 Speaker 3: different state. But the states may step in and say 507 00:28:39,200 --> 00:28:40,400 Speaker 3: we need to address. 508 00:28:40,040 --> 00:28:44,920 Speaker 2: This so as we're usual. The answer is get involved 509 00:28:45,040 --> 00:28:48,320 Speaker 2: and stay involved. If you'd like to access landlocked public 510 00:28:48,400 --> 00:28:51,920 Speaker 2: land via corner crossing, get in touch with your state legislators. 511 00:28:52,160 --> 00:28:55,320 Speaker 2: Tell them you want them to sponsor a bill clarifying 512 00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:59,160 Speaker 2: the legality of corner crossing in your state, and that 513 00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:03,000 Speaker 2: you'll be watching to make sure they follow through. That's 514 00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:04,920 Speaker 2: all I've got for you this week. Thank you so 515 00:29:05,040 --> 00:29:07,960 Speaker 2: much for listening, and remember to write in to a 516 00:29:08,200 --> 00:29:10,920 Speaker 2: s K C. A L. That's an asscal at the 517 00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:13,320 Speaker 2: Meat Eater dot com and let me know what's going 518 00:29:13,360 --> 00:29:15,480 Speaker 2: on in your neck of the woods. If you're way 519 00:29:15,520 --> 00:29:17,800 Speaker 2: behind on those yard jors, you may want to check 520 00:29:17,800 --> 00:29:21,920 Speaker 2: out www. Dot steel Dealers dot com and find a local, 521 00:29:21,960 --> 00:29:25,040 Speaker 2: knowledgeable steel dealer near you. Go down there, tell them 522 00:29:25,080 --> 00:29:28,000 Speaker 2: your issues, your challenges that you're facing in your own 523 00:29:28,040 --> 00:29:29,960 Speaker 2: back forty and they're gonna get you set up with 524 00:29:30,000 --> 00:29:31,600 Speaker 2: what you need, and they're not going to try to 525 00:29:31,600 --> 00:29:34,040 Speaker 2: send you home with what you don't. Thanks again, and 526 00:29:34,120 --> 00:29:35,160 Speaker 2: I'll talk to you next week.