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Speaker 1: Hey everyone, it's Eaves. Just wanted to let you know

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Speaker 1: that you'll be hearing an episode from me and an

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Speaker 1: episode from Tracy V. Wilson today. I hope you enjoyed

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Speaker 1: the show. Welcome to this Day in History Class from

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Speaker 1: how Stuff Works dot com and from the desk of

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Speaker 1: Stuff you missed in History Class. It's the show where

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Speaker 1: we explore the past one day at a time with

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Speaker 1: a quick look at what happened today in history. Hello,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy B. Wilson and

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Speaker 1: it's October. Ludmilla Pavlicchenko died on the Stay in nineteen

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Speaker 1: She was one of the most famous snipers in the

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Speaker 1: Soviet Red Army. Ludmilla Pavlichenko was born not far from

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Speaker 1: Kiev in nineteen sixteen, and in her youth she joined

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Speaker 1: the Volunteer Society for the Assistance of Army Aircraft and Fleet.

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Speaker 1: This is a paramilitary youth organization. It also involved a

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Speaker 1: lot of patriotism and athletics. It wasn't so much a

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Speaker 1: really volunteer organization though, even though the word volunteers in

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Speaker 1: the name, attendance was expect did and that's where she

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Speaker 1: first learned to shoot. She got a certificate in marksmanship

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Speaker 1: with the Volunteer Society for the Assistance of Army Aircraft

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Speaker 1: in Fleet. She went on to sniper's school while studying

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Speaker 1: at Kiev University. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union on

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Speaker 1: June ninety one, Pavlichenko decided to put her training to

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Speaker 1: use and she tried to join the army. She was

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Speaker 1: turned down though, because she was a woman. She kept trying.

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Speaker 1: They kept encouraging her to be a nurse, but she

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Speaker 1: didn't want to be a nurse. She wanted to be

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Speaker 1: a soldier. Not only did she want to be a soldier,

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Speaker 1: she had the skills required of being a soldier. Finally,

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Speaker 1: after all this persistence on her part, someone decided to

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Speaker 1: give her a test. She was with a unit that

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Speaker 1: was defending a hill and someone pointed out two Romanians

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Speaker 1: who were working with the Germans and told her to

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Speaker 1: shoot them, which she did. She was then accepted into

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Speaker 1: the Red Army's twenty five Chipaya of Rifle Division. In

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Speaker 1: her first seventy five days of service, she had a

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Speaker 1: hundred and eighty seven confirmed ills, and by the end

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Speaker 1: of that service that number had risen to three hundred

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Speaker 1: nine thirty six of these were German snipers, some of

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Speaker 1: which were effectively in duels with the enemy. From her

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Speaker 1: point of view, especially when it came to the snipers,

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Speaker 1: the work that she was doing was ultimately saving many

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Speaker 1: other lives. She was also wounded four times in the

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Speaker 1: line of duty while working as a sniper. Her reputation

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Speaker 1: as a sniper really spread, and the Red Army started

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Speaker 1: using her in recruitment materials and in propaganda. In ninety two,

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Speaker 1: she went to the United States to try to get

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Speaker 1: some support from the United States for Russia's military efforts

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Speaker 1: on the European continent. While she was in the US,

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Speaker 1: she became very close friends with Eleanor Roosevelt. Although the

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Speaker 1: press coverage in this tour, which there was a lot of,

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Speaker 1: was really focused on questions about her appearance and what

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Speaker 1: she was wearing, rather than her military service or the

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Speaker 1: Russian efforts that she had come to the United States

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Speaker 1: to try to get support for. At her she returned home,

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Speaker 1: she was promoted to major, She was named Hero of

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Speaker 1: the Soviet Union, and eventually she was depicted on a

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Speaker 1: postage stamp. After the end of World War Two, she

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Speaker 1: went back to school and she became historian, and then

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Speaker 1: in nineteen fifty seven, while Eleanor Roosevelt was on a

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Speaker 1: tour of Moscow, the two women were reunited. This was

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Speaker 1: something that Roosevelt had asked for again and again while

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Speaker 1: she was planning this trip. When she got to Moscow,

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Speaker 1: she kept asking her hosts please could she see Udmilla Pavlochenko.

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Speaker 1: After asking over and over, they finally agreed to let her,

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Speaker 1: although at first they would not allow the two women

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Speaker 1: to be alone together. It was, according to all accounts,

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Speaker 1: a very joyful reunion among the two of them once

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Speaker 1: they actually got to talk to each other. Leadmilla Pavlicchenko

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Speaker 1: died have a stroke at the age of fifty eight.

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Speaker 1: We talked about her, along with five other women on

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Speaker 1: the front lines in the May seventeen episode of Stuff

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Speaker 1: You Miss in History Class called six Impossible Episode Soldiers,

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Speaker 1: Snipers and Spies. Thanks very much to Tari Harrison for

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Speaker 1: all of her audio work on this podcast, and you

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Speaker 1: can subscribe to The Day in History Class on Apple Podcasts,

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Speaker 1: Google Podcasts, and wherever else you get your podcasts. Tomorrow

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Speaker 1: we will have the opening of a massive change to

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Speaker 1: a major church. Hi everyone, I'm Eves. Welcome to this

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Speaker 1: day and History Class, a show that will convince you

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Speaker 1: that history can be fascinating even when you expect it

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Speaker 1: not to be. The day was October tenth, nineteen eleven.

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Speaker 1: Revolutionaries in wu Chong, China, rebelled against the rule of

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Speaker 1: the Shing dynasty. The uprising marked the start of the

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Speaker 1: Shihai Revolution, leading to the fall of China's last imperial

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Speaker 1: dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. People

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Speaker 1: in China and Taiwan, as well as Chinese people around

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Speaker 1: the world, commemorate the anniversary of the Wu chongg Uprising,

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Speaker 1: also known as Double Tan Day. In the late nineteenth

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Speaker 1: and early twentieth century, the Qing dynasty was struggling to

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Speaker 1: maintain power as imperial powers asserted their dominance in Chinese territory.

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Speaker 1: The Opium Wars between the Hing and the British government

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Speaker 1: forced China to open treaty ports for international trade and

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Speaker 1: forced China to seed Hong Kong to the UK, among

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Speaker 1: other losses for China, and the First Sino Japanese War

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Speaker 1: led China to lose more territory, and China's defeat demonstrated

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Speaker 1: its weakness. A reform movement popped up as the government

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Speaker 1: lost prestige, but most of the reform measures were repealed.

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Speaker 1: Disillusionment with Manchu rulers and the Shing dynasty reached a peak,

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Speaker 1: and revolutionary groups began forming across China. Many of these

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Speaker 1: groups banned it together in Japan and nineteen o five

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Speaker 1: to form the Tong mong Hui, led by Song xiin,

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Speaker 1: sonja Urn and Huang Shing. The Toung mong Hwi advocated

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Speaker 1: replacing the Ching government with the republican one. They rejected

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Speaker 1: the gradual approach to reform that loyalists pushed for. The

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Speaker 1: Tong man Hui led rebellions against the Xing in the

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Speaker 1: years leading up to the Wu Chong Uprising. Chinese people

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Speaker 1: overseas helped fund revolutionary efforts in China, most of which

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Speaker 1: originated in South China. In April of nineteen eleven, Huang

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Speaker 1: Qing and other revolutionaries led a failed uprising in guang

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Speaker 1: Shou in southern China. In this uprising, like many of

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Speaker 1: the others, the Shing Army killed many revolutionaries and effectively

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Speaker 1: put an end to the revolt. But even though the

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Speaker 1: rebellions often failed, they still destabilized the control of the

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Speaker 1: Qing dynasty. The uprising in wu Chong on October two

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Speaker 1: turned into a nationalist revolt that spread around South China.

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Speaker 1: It had its roots in protests against the Hing decision

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Speaker 1: to nationalize too privately owned railways in central China. The

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Speaker 1: Shan court suppressed resistance with armed force, and as the

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Speaker 1: conflict surrounding the railway issue escalated, support of the Shing

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Speaker 1: government continued to decline. The government stationed new army regiments

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Speaker 1: in Hubei Province, where wu Chong is located, but many

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Speaker 1: of the people in the military in Hubei were revolutionaries

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Speaker 1: for republican sympathizers. Revolutionaries in the area began plotting and

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Speaker 1: uprising against the Shan and stockpiling munitions, but on October nine,

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Speaker 1: a bomb accidentally exploded in a hong Ko building, exposing

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Speaker 1: the efforts of revolutionaries, so the next day, the Wu

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Speaker 1: Chang regiment staged a mutiny, taking over government buildings and

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Speaker 1: seizing control of the city. The day after that, the

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Speaker 1: revolutionaries established a military government in Hubei Province. Similar uprisings

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Speaker 1: soon began in other Chinese provinces, which declared their allegiance

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Speaker 1: to the Tung Ma Hue and agreed to secede from

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Speaker 1: the Hing government. Zung Yi Hian was not directly involved

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Speaker 1: in the Wu Chang Uprising, as he was traveling in

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Speaker 1: the United States when it took place, but he returned

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Speaker 1: to China near the end of nineteen eleven and was

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Speaker 1: soon elected as provisional President of the newly declared Republic

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Speaker 1: of China, though not long after he turned the position

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Speaker 1: over to Yin Shikai. The last emperor of the Xiang dynasty,

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Speaker 1: abdicated in February of nineteen twelve, ending thousands of years

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Speaker 1: of imperial rule. The Republic of China lasted until nineteen

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Speaker 1: forty nine, when the Chinese Communist Party proclaimed the People's

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Speaker 1: Republic of China. I'm each Chef Coote and hopefully you

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Speaker 1: know a little more about history today than you did yesterday.

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Speaker 1: If you haven't gotten your fill of history yet, you

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Speaker 1: can find us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at t

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Speaker 1: d I h C podcast. You can also shoot us

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Speaker 1: an email at this day at i heart media dot com.

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Speaker 1: We're here every day so you know where to find

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Speaker 1: us by. For more podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit

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