1 00:00:04,200 --> 00:00:07,880 Speaker 1: Hello, Hello, Welcome to Smart Talks with IBM, a podcast 2 00:00:07,880 --> 00:00:13,880 Speaker 1: from Pushkin Industries, iHeartRadio and IBM. I'm Malcolm Glabwell. This season, 3 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:16,959 Speaker 1: we're diving back into the world of artificial intelligence, but 4 00:00:17,040 --> 00:00:23,200 Speaker 1: with a focus on the powerful concept of open its possibilities, implications, 5 00:00:23,239 --> 00:00:26,560 Speaker 1: and misconceptions. We'll look at openness from a variety of 6 00:00:26,600 --> 00:00:30,600 Speaker 1: angles and explore how the concept is already reshaping industries, 7 00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:34,880 Speaker 1: ways of doing business, and our very notion of what's possible. 8 00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:38,879 Speaker 1: On today's episode, doctor Lori Santos sat down with two 9 00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:43,440 Speaker 1: women at the forefront of AI in education. Justina Nixon 10 00:00:43,479 --> 00:00:48,519 Speaker 1: Santil is Vice president and Chief Impact Officer of IBM 11 00:00:48,720 --> 00:00:53,280 Speaker 1: Corporate Social Responsibility, and April Dawson is an Associate Dean 12 00:00:53,320 --> 00:00:57,040 Speaker 1: of Technology and Innovation and Professor of Law at North 13 00:00:57,080 --> 00:01:01,960 Speaker 1: Carolina Central University School of Law. Together, they explore the 14 00:01:02,040 --> 00:01:06,880 Speaker 1: transformative impact of AI on education and the workforce. As 15 00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:11,840 Speaker 1: technology rapidly evolves, industries are being reshaped and the demand 16 00:01:11,840 --> 00:01:15,240 Speaker 1: for new skills is at an all time high. This 17 00:01:15,400 --> 00:01:19,959 Speaker 1: is opening up opportunities for diverse talent, enabling individuals from 18 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:23,000 Speaker 1: various backgrounds to excel in roles they might not have 19 00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:28,040 Speaker 1: previously considered. They also address the ethical considerations of AI, 20 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:34,080 Speaker 1: emphasizing the importance of maintaining a human centered approach. Whether 21 00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:36,720 Speaker 1: you're a teacher or student, or someone interested in the 22 00:01:36,760 --> 00:01:39,880 Speaker 1: future of work, it's essential to embrace the role of 23 00:01:39,920 --> 00:01:44,160 Speaker 1: AI in the education landscape. AI is not only changing 24 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:47,199 Speaker 1: the way we work, but also how we learn, making 25 00:01:47,400 --> 00:01:52,680 Speaker 1: education more accessible, personalized, and aligned with the demands of 26 00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:53,920 Speaker 1: the modern job market. 27 00:01:59,080 --> 00:02:01,240 Speaker 2: Just in anypels great to me both of you. I'm 28 00:02:01,280 --> 00:02:02,640 Speaker 2: so excited for this conversation. 29 00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:06,080 Speaker 3: Thank you for having me and thank you for having 30 00:02:06,120 --> 00:02:07,720 Speaker 3: me Justina. 31 00:02:07,840 --> 00:02:10,280 Speaker 2: To start, could you share some insights on your journey 32 00:02:10,320 --> 00:02:13,760 Speaker 2: to becoming IBM's Chief Impact Officer and how your background 33 00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:16,880 Speaker 2: in engineering shapes your approach to corporate social responsibility. 34 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:20,000 Speaker 4: So I've had an interest in journey. I'm an immigrant. 35 00:02:20,120 --> 00:02:23,200 Speaker 4: I was one of the only black women who graduated 36 00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:27,200 Speaker 4: from my school's mechanical engineering program many many years ago. 37 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:30,880 Speaker 4: I started my engineering career at a nuclear facility that's 38 00:02:30,919 --> 00:02:34,200 Speaker 4: around forty five miles outside of Buffalo, New York, and 39 00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:37,400 Speaker 4: eventually worked for one of the largest telecommunications companies in 40 00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:41,919 Speaker 4: the world in engineering, marketing, and eventually in corporate social responsibility. 41 00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:45,720 Speaker 4: I was hired to lead the organization away from traditional 42 00:02:45,760 --> 00:02:50,560 Speaker 4: philanthropy to creating platforms and solutions that leveraged four G 43 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:55,760 Speaker 4: and five G technologies to positively impact disadvantaged communities, and 44 00:02:55,840 --> 00:02:58,120 Speaker 4: that is what has led me to the work that 45 00:02:58,160 --> 00:03:00,960 Speaker 4: I do at IBM today. I have the honor of 46 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:04,079 Speaker 4: being the company's first Chief Impact Officer, and is such 47 00:03:04,080 --> 00:03:08,000 Speaker 4: a privilege and a responsibility to be at IBM, which 48 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:13,200 Speaker 4: has such a huge history in sustainability, in social and 49 00:03:13,240 --> 00:03:16,639 Speaker 4: in the ethical space as well. When I consider how 50 00:03:16,680 --> 00:03:20,160 Speaker 4: my background in engineering ties into the work that I do, 51 00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:26,560 Speaker 4: I actually think engineers are very skilled at analyzing data 52 00:03:26,600 --> 00:03:30,679 Speaker 4: and at innovative problem solving. The other thing where there's 53 00:03:30,720 --> 00:03:34,200 Speaker 4: a lot of alignment with my engineering background is really 54 00:03:34,240 --> 00:03:37,840 Speaker 4: around how do I think about using technology to solve 55 00:03:37,880 --> 00:03:40,800 Speaker 4: some of the biggest issues that we have in society? 56 00:03:41,200 --> 00:03:44,880 Speaker 4: And I get very excited about innovating and creating and 57 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:49,400 Speaker 4: leveraging technologies like AI and hybrid cloud to really bring 58 00:03:49,480 --> 00:03:51,760 Speaker 4: those into the work that we do and to solve 59 00:03:51,800 --> 00:03:54,760 Speaker 4: some of those big challenges that we have in society 60 00:03:54,760 --> 00:03:57,120 Speaker 4: today around sustainability and education. 61 00:03:57,600 --> 00:03:59,960 Speaker 2: That's fabulous. April, tell me about your path to be 62 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:02,720 Speaker 2: becoming Associate dean of Technology and Innovation as well as 63 00:04:02,760 --> 00:04:03,640 Speaker 2: a professor in law. 64 00:04:04,640 --> 00:04:09,320 Speaker 3: So I am a child of an educator, actually educators. 65 00:04:09,320 --> 00:04:12,360 Speaker 3: Both my parents are educators. I went to high school 66 00:04:12,400 --> 00:04:15,200 Speaker 3: where my mom taught, and it was in the eighties 67 00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:18,560 Speaker 3: and it was during that time period when teachers were 68 00:04:18,600 --> 00:04:21,719 Speaker 3: given Apple computers, so they were brand new. My mom 69 00:04:21,760 --> 00:04:24,719 Speaker 3: brought one home. I started playing with it. Then I 70 00:04:24,800 --> 00:04:27,520 Speaker 3: just kind of fell in love with the technology. I 71 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:30,719 Speaker 3: received my undergraduate degree in computer science because of that 72 00:04:30,800 --> 00:04:34,800 Speaker 3: early exposure. I went to Bennett College here in Greensboro, 73 00:04:34,880 --> 00:04:39,960 Speaker 3: North Carolina. It's an HBCU, a historically black college and university. 74 00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:44,599 Speaker 3: I was a programmer after graduating from Bennett, and I've 75 00:04:44,600 --> 00:04:48,360 Speaker 3: always loved technology, but I also had a love for 76 00:04:48,440 --> 00:04:51,440 Speaker 3: the law. So after being a programmer for a couple 77 00:04:51,440 --> 00:04:54,000 Speaker 3: of years, I decided to go to law school. And 78 00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:58,240 Speaker 3: even as a lawyer, I leveraged technology in my private practice. 79 00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:02,160 Speaker 3: When I decided to begin teaching almost twenty years ago, 80 00:05:02,920 --> 00:05:05,840 Speaker 3: I would ask myself, how could I leverage a technology 81 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:09,800 Speaker 3: to enhance my teaching to help the students better understand 82 00:05:09,839 --> 00:05:14,680 Speaker 3: the material. And so when our dean at the time 83 00:05:14,800 --> 00:05:18,240 Speaker 3: Brownie Lewis, when she was able to facilitate a five 84 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:21,920 Speaker 3: million dollar grant to North Carolina Central University School of Law, 85 00:05:22,720 --> 00:05:26,839 Speaker 3: we created the Technology Law and Policy Center, and she 86 00:05:27,040 --> 00:05:29,599 Speaker 3: asked me if I would be interested in serving as 87 00:05:29,680 --> 00:05:34,360 Speaker 3: the inaugural Associate Dean of Technology and Innovation. So suffice 88 00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:36,559 Speaker 3: it to say, I'm in my dream job. I'm able 89 00:05:36,640 --> 00:05:40,000 Speaker 3: to combine my love of technology, my love of law, 90 00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:43,840 Speaker 3: my love of education, and so it's really an exciting 91 00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:46,320 Speaker 3: time to be in a position like I have. 92 00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:49,719 Speaker 2: I love that, April. What inspired you to integrate AI 93 00:05:49,760 --> 00:05:52,200 Speaker 2: and technology into your law curriculum? 94 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:56,920 Speaker 3: It's interesting, As I mentioned before, I've always used it 95 00:05:57,279 --> 00:06:02,000 Speaker 3: personally as an educator, but the thought of teaching a 96 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:05,760 Speaker 3: class that really kind of focused on technology and the 97 00:06:05,839 --> 00:06:10,960 Speaker 3: legal implications of that really occurred because Ray Thomas, who 98 00:06:11,040 --> 00:06:13,800 Speaker 3: was an IP lawyer and worked at IBM at the 99 00:06:13,839 --> 00:06:17,360 Speaker 3: time in twenty twenty so around the pandemic, he encouraged 100 00:06:17,440 --> 00:06:21,280 Speaker 3: us to take advantage of the IBM Skills Build Training program, 101 00:06:21,360 --> 00:06:25,080 Speaker 3: the Train the Trainer program. So really, not until that 102 00:06:25,279 --> 00:06:28,880 Speaker 3: time period did I even really even think about teaching 103 00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:33,120 Speaker 3: a tech focused legal class. And during that time period, 104 00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:35,400 Speaker 3: a couple of my other colleagues and I we did 105 00:06:35,440 --> 00:06:39,039 Speaker 3: the train the Trainer blockchain course. I did the data 106 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:43,000 Speaker 3: science course, and then that next summer we team taught 107 00:06:43,040 --> 00:06:46,760 Speaker 3: the Blockchain for Lawyer's class, which we designed, and then 108 00:06:46,800 --> 00:06:50,760 Speaker 3: I taught a Data Science for Lawyers class, and so 109 00:06:51,080 --> 00:06:53,719 Speaker 3: that was, you know, really kind of the first iteration 110 00:06:53,880 --> 00:06:57,960 Speaker 3: of us really being intentional about teaching technology and law. 111 00:06:58,680 --> 00:07:02,080 Speaker 3: And then one of my other colleagues, doctor Savon Da Grady, 112 00:07:02,279 --> 00:07:04,919 Speaker 3: she is a professor at the School of Library and 113 00:07:04,920 --> 00:07:09,159 Speaker 3: Information Sciences here at NCCU. She reached out to me 114 00:07:09,240 --> 00:07:12,040 Speaker 3: and said, would you be interesting in teaching a joint 115 00:07:12,080 --> 00:07:15,720 Speaker 3: AI and the law class that would include her Masters 116 00:07:15,760 --> 00:07:18,920 Speaker 3: of Information Science students and my law students. So it's 117 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:23,440 Speaker 3: a wonderful interdisciplinary class where you have master's students and 118 00:07:23,560 --> 00:07:26,920 Speaker 3: law students and we talk about the foundations of AI, 119 00:07:27,080 --> 00:07:31,040 Speaker 3: we talk about the legal implications of policy implications, and 120 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:34,080 Speaker 3: so really, you know, this kind of all started because 121 00:07:34,120 --> 00:07:38,560 Speaker 3: of the resources that IBM have made available to NCCU. 122 00:07:39,920 --> 00:07:42,120 Speaker 2: That's so cool, and that class sounds amazing. I wish 123 00:07:42,160 --> 00:07:44,200 Speaker 2: I could like drop out of being a professor. I 124 00:07:44,320 --> 00:07:47,320 Speaker 2: dond this class. This sounds awesome soon as the question 125 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:49,080 Speaker 2: for both of you, in this age of AI and 126 00:07:49,120 --> 00:07:52,440 Speaker 2: open technology, does the role of education change? Are we 127 00:07:52,520 --> 00:07:54,640 Speaker 2: kind of at a different spot with what education should 128 00:07:54,680 --> 00:07:55,320 Speaker 2: be doing now. 129 00:07:56,160 --> 00:07:59,600 Speaker 4: When I look at the rule of education today from 130 00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:02,880 Speaker 4: the corporate point of view, I think it does change. 131 00:08:02,960 --> 00:08:06,880 Speaker 4: I was having a discussion earlier today with some members 132 00:08:06,880 --> 00:08:11,840 Speaker 4: of my team, and we were discussing early professional hires, 133 00:08:11,840 --> 00:08:15,240 Speaker 4: so people would want to hire right out of college, 134 00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:18,280 Speaker 4: and one of the first things that I shared was 135 00:08:18,360 --> 00:08:21,800 Speaker 4: some of the tasks that they would have done previously 136 00:08:22,160 --> 00:08:25,720 Speaker 4: will be automated. We will be using AI for those 137 00:08:26,240 --> 00:08:29,120 Speaker 4: basic tasks that in the past we would have hired 138 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:34,000 Speaker 4: an intern or a recent college graduate to do. And 139 00:08:34,040 --> 00:08:38,440 Speaker 4: it's so critical now that we look at higher level 140 00:08:38,679 --> 00:08:41,760 Speaker 4: types of tasks that we will need college graduates to do. 141 00:08:42,200 --> 00:08:46,160 Speaker 4: And I can foresee in the future hiring someone from 142 00:08:46,280 --> 00:08:49,960 Speaker 4: college who does not have at least a basic understanding 143 00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:52,880 Speaker 4: of AI. There will be some roles where they will 144 00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:55,720 Speaker 4: have to have an advanced understanding, especially if they're in 145 00:08:55,800 --> 00:09:00,240 Speaker 4: an engineering role or computer science role, but across the 146 00:09:00,280 --> 00:09:03,600 Speaker 4: board they will need to understand AI. So when I 147 00:09:03,640 --> 00:09:07,000 Speaker 4: think about the way that education is changing, whether you're 148 00:09:07,040 --> 00:09:10,959 Speaker 4: a college student, whether you are an adult professional, you 149 00:09:11,040 --> 00:09:14,000 Speaker 4: will need to be a lifelong learner and you will 150 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:18,720 Speaker 4: need to understand how to continuously upskill and reskill yourself 151 00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:22,440 Speaker 4: to be able to understand technologies like AI because of 152 00:09:22,480 --> 00:09:25,880 Speaker 4: the rapid acceleration of these types of technologies, and I 153 00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:29,360 Speaker 4: think that's very important. I think everyone has to be prepared, 154 00:09:29,559 --> 00:09:32,600 Speaker 4: if they're not doing it today, to upskill and reskill themselves. 155 00:09:32,960 --> 00:09:36,440 Speaker 4: And I can't foresee any roles in the future where 156 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:41,119 Speaker 4: candidates will not need to have a very basic understanding 157 00:09:41,120 --> 00:09:43,760 Speaker 4: of AI or even advanced understanding of AI. 158 00:09:45,200 --> 00:09:47,280 Speaker 2: That's great, April. Let me ask you a slightly different 159 00:09:47,360 --> 00:09:49,600 Speaker 2: version of the question, what is the significance of AI 160 00:09:49,679 --> 00:09:51,720 Speaker 2: for students and young professionals today? 161 00:09:52,480 --> 00:09:56,080 Speaker 3: When we think about the disruption that JENAI especially has 162 00:09:56,200 --> 00:10:00,000 Speaker 3: caused within the legal profession, students have to be more 163 00:10:00,080 --> 00:10:04,400 Speaker 3: or adept when it comes to feeling comfortable, being uncomfortable, 164 00:10:04,480 --> 00:10:07,560 Speaker 3: and learning something new. The other thing that I would 165 00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:11,560 Speaker 3: just kind of emphasize from an educational standpoint is this 166 00:10:11,679 --> 00:10:16,360 Speaker 3: also means that educators have to approach teaching differently. You know, 167 00:10:16,400 --> 00:10:21,280 Speaker 3: I've been teaching for going on twenty years and things 168 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:24,160 Speaker 3: are kind of being turned on their heads somewhat, right, 169 00:10:24,720 --> 00:10:29,760 Speaker 3: and I have had to upskill and reskill. We can't 170 00:10:29,800 --> 00:10:32,559 Speaker 3: teach that what we don't know. We can't monitor that 171 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:34,880 Speaker 3: what we don't know. Just as the students have to 172 00:10:35,000 --> 00:10:38,880 Speaker 3: understand generative AI, the educators have to understand it as well. 173 00:10:39,400 --> 00:10:41,800 Speaker 2: Yeah, this is something I've felt in the classroom myself 174 00:10:41,840 --> 00:10:45,440 Speaker 2: as a psychology professor, right, is that I'm realizing how 175 00:10:45,600 --> 00:10:47,679 Speaker 2: much I need to kind of go back to school 176 00:10:47,720 --> 00:10:50,240 Speaker 2: and learn about all these AI tools, not just so 177 00:10:50,280 --> 00:10:51,560 Speaker 2: that I can teach it, but just so I can 178 00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:54,440 Speaker 2: understand how my students are using these things, right, but 179 00:10:54,520 --> 00:10:57,160 Speaker 2: also to figure out how I can enhance the educational 180 00:10:57,160 --> 00:10:59,800 Speaker 2: experience of my own students in psychology right by giving 181 00:10:59,840 --> 00:11:02,520 Speaker 2: them access to these tools. And so, yeah, I'm curious 182 00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:06,000 Speaker 2: in your experience, how does AI actually enhance the educational 183 00:11:06,040 --> 00:11:08,240 Speaker 2: experience for your law students. And I'm curious if you 184 00:11:08,240 --> 00:11:10,080 Speaker 2: could give an example of the type of thing you 185 00:11:10,120 --> 00:11:11,119 Speaker 2: do in your classroom. 186 00:11:11,840 --> 00:11:14,840 Speaker 3: Yes, So one of the things that I tell my 187 00:11:14,920 --> 00:11:17,840 Speaker 3: students is you got to get your hands dirty. You 188 00:11:17,920 --> 00:11:20,680 Speaker 3: can't understand these tools if you don't kind of dig 189 00:11:20,720 --> 00:11:23,839 Speaker 3: in and just see how they work, so one giving 190 00:11:23,880 --> 00:11:27,360 Speaker 3: them permission and encouraging them to do it. In terms 191 00:11:27,440 --> 00:11:31,040 Speaker 3: of how they might be able to use these tools 192 00:11:31,080 --> 00:11:34,600 Speaker 3: to help them learn better, I encourage them to as 193 00:11:34,640 --> 00:11:39,240 Speaker 3: they're wrestling maybe with concepts that are confusing, they haven't 194 00:11:39,240 --> 00:11:41,800 Speaker 3: completely wrapped their heads around it. And when we think 195 00:11:41,800 --> 00:11:45,480 Speaker 3: about large language models, these tools are really helpful in 196 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:49,040 Speaker 3: that sense. Right, if there's a passage in the book 197 00:11:49,040 --> 00:11:52,080 Speaker 3: and you're not quite following it, or there's a case 198 00:11:52,320 --> 00:11:55,800 Speaker 3: right and you need some assistance in breaking it down, 199 00:11:56,520 --> 00:11:59,120 Speaker 3: running that information through a large language model and then 200 00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:02,960 Speaker 3: asking questions about it can be really beneficial. Also in 201 00:12:03,040 --> 00:12:06,679 Speaker 3: the law score the legal contexts, large language models are 202 00:12:06,720 --> 00:12:09,200 Speaker 3: really helpful for that as well. But one thing I 203 00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:12,280 Speaker 3: do caution my students is that any understanding that you 204 00:12:12,360 --> 00:12:15,320 Speaker 3: think you have gained through the use of these tools, 205 00:12:15,679 --> 00:12:18,079 Speaker 3: you need to circle back to your professor and make 206 00:12:18,080 --> 00:12:19,840 Speaker 3: sure that your understanding is correct. 207 00:12:20,679 --> 00:12:22,760 Speaker 2: I love that, and I've seen the importance of that 208 00:12:22,840 --> 00:12:25,280 Speaker 2: in my own classroom too. You mentioned so many of 209 00:12:25,280 --> 00:12:27,160 Speaker 2: the things that these tools are great at, but I 210 00:12:27,200 --> 00:12:29,400 Speaker 2: think another thing that AI in the classroom can help 211 00:12:29,480 --> 00:12:33,600 Speaker 2: us with is democratizing the classroom, and so Justina, I'm curious, 212 00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:36,440 Speaker 2: in what ways do you think integrating AI into education 213 00:12:36,559 --> 00:12:38,520 Speaker 2: is help us going to bridge these gaps and actually 214 00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:40,960 Speaker 2: democratize access to education even more. 215 00:12:41,320 --> 00:12:44,120 Speaker 4: Yeah, I think it's going to really make a difference 216 00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:48,080 Speaker 4: in providing access to education in many different ways. I 217 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:50,640 Speaker 4: want to give you an example through alla IBM Skills 218 00:12:50,679 --> 00:12:55,880 Speaker 4: Bill program, we're infusing AI technology into the platform to 219 00:12:55,920 --> 00:13:01,760 Speaker 4: create a more personalized enhance experience for learners in every language. 220 00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:05,760 Speaker 4: So we are creating personalized learning pathways, we are tailoring 221 00:13:06,600 --> 00:13:11,080 Speaker 4: the access to our learners to meet their individual needs, 222 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:14,440 Speaker 4: and we are also using AI to answer questions in 223 00:13:14,480 --> 00:13:17,680 Speaker 4: a more timely and accurate manner. If you really think 224 00:13:17,679 --> 00:13:20,240 Speaker 4: about it, you will need a significant staff to be 225 00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:23,840 Speaker 4: able to respond quickly to questions to make sure the 226 00:13:23,880 --> 00:13:28,280 Speaker 4: questions are accurate. With AI, we can answer questions immediately, 227 00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:31,480 Speaker 4: we can answer them in a more sophisticated way than 228 00:13:31,480 --> 00:13:34,120 Speaker 4: we did in the past, and we can also offer 229 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:38,840 Speaker 4: cost recommendations and learning pathways that meet their needs. We 230 00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:42,679 Speaker 4: have courses such as AI Ethics and prompt Writing and 231 00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:46,320 Speaker 4: getting started with machine learning all the way to actually 232 00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:50,679 Speaker 4: use in coding to help create these large language models. 233 00:13:50,720 --> 00:13:53,520 Speaker 4: So When you think about the average learner that we 234 00:13:53,559 --> 00:13:56,720 Speaker 4: are working with, they may want just an introductory course 235 00:13:56,840 --> 00:14:00,640 Speaker 4: on AI ethics or understand it and how to use 236 00:14:00,679 --> 00:14:04,160 Speaker 4: AI in their day to day work, or they actually 237 00:14:04,160 --> 00:14:07,560 Speaker 4: may want to understand how do you really leverage or 238 00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:09,719 Speaker 4: code for a large language model, And I think it's 239 00:14:09,760 --> 00:14:12,800 Speaker 4: important to give them all the different options and create 240 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:16,280 Speaker 4: those personalized learning pathways for them. The other thing around 241 00:14:16,520 --> 00:14:21,560 Speaker 4: really democratizing opportunities to provide free access to this kind 242 00:14:21,560 --> 00:14:24,040 Speaker 4: of learning, and we do that again through our Skills 243 00:14:24,080 --> 00:14:29,400 Speaker 4: Bill program. If you have courses that you can only 244 00:14:29,640 --> 00:14:33,640 Speaker 4: pay to access, then you're really not giving the opportunity 245 00:14:33,680 --> 00:14:37,080 Speaker 4: for everyone to advance and to learn. So by leveraging 246 00:14:37,120 --> 00:14:40,440 Speaker 4: AI on our platform but also providing that free access, 247 00:14:40,760 --> 00:14:44,160 Speaker 4: we're really helping to bridge the gap for learners and 248 00:14:44,200 --> 00:14:47,720 Speaker 4: make sure they can upskill and reskill themselves and help 249 00:14:47,760 --> 00:14:50,479 Speaker 4: them also increase social and economic mobility. 250 00:14:51,680 --> 00:14:54,240 Speaker 2: It sounds like an amazing program, Justina. Can you describe 251 00:14:54,240 --> 00:14:57,600 Speaker 2: the vision behind IBM Skills Built and how it's built 252 00:14:57,600 --> 00:14:59,360 Speaker 2: to reach so many learners around the world. 253 00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:03,440 Speaker 4: So IBM has always been committed to investing in the 254 00:15:03,480 --> 00:15:08,480 Speaker 4: future of work, and we've offered educational experiences for many, 255 00:15:08,520 --> 00:15:13,400 Speaker 4: many years. And IBM Skills Built is a program. Again, 256 00:15:13,480 --> 00:15:16,760 Speaker 4: it's free, it's open, anyone can access it. But it's 257 00:15:16,800 --> 00:15:20,920 Speaker 4: really around getting access to the right technical skills and 258 00:15:21,040 --> 00:15:24,760 Speaker 4: workplace learning skills so that you could be prepared for 259 00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:29,760 Speaker 4: a career in technology, but in any industry and any field. 260 00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:35,440 Speaker 4: We know now that understanding technology, understanding AI or cybersecurity 261 00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:39,400 Speaker 4: or any of those tech topics are needed whether you're 262 00:15:39,480 --> 00:15:42,360 Speaker 4: working in a tech company, or whether you're working in 263 00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:45,840 Speaker 4: retail or in legal or any of these different industries, 264 00:15:45,880 --> 00:15:47,520 Speaker 4: so we want to make sure we could provide that 265 00:15:47,560 --> 00:15:50,920 Speaker 4: access to learners. In twenty twenty one, we launched a 266 00:15:50,960 --> 00:15:54,120 Speaker 4: global commitment to skill thirty million people by twenty thirty 267 00:15:54,560 --> 00:15:58,520 Speaker 4: and we are making significant progress against that goal. Just 268 00:15:58,640 --> 00:16:01,680 Speaker 4: last year we reported that we skilled eleven point five 269 00:16:01,760 --> 00:16:05,320 Speaker 4: million learners around the world, and these are learners that 270 00:16:05,560 --> 00:16:10,400 Speaker 4: enrolled in IBM courses, including access in our platform, IBM 271 00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:14,640 Speaker 4: Skills Build, and it's really the cornerstone of our education 272 00:16:14,760 --> 00:16:18,800 Speaker 4: work at IBM. We're really focused on scaling our work 273 00:16:19,080 --> 00:16:24,080 Speaker 4: through partnerships, so we partner with historically black colleges and universities, 274 00:16:24,120 --> 00:16:26,520 Speaker 4: and that's how of course we got the chance to 275 00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:30,960 Speaker 4: meet April. We partner with nonprofit organizations across the globe. 276 00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:34,480 Speaker 4: We also partner with governments to make sure we provide 277 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:37,800 Speaker 4: that free access to the communities that are aligned with 278 00:16:37,840 --> 00:16:41,400 Speaker 4: their national agenda around skilling and those communities that are 279 00:16:41,440 --> 00:16:45,480 Speaker 4: most in need. It's really important that we scale the 280 00:16:45,560 --> 00:16:50,360 Speaker 4: program through those premier partnerships, so that's extremely important to us. 281 00:16:51,320 --> 00:16:55,560 Speaker 1: The vision behind IBM Skills Build is truly inspiring. In 282 00:16:55,600 --> 00:16:59,560 Speaker 1: a world where technology is changing every industry, having access 283 00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:03,280 Speaker 1: to these crucial skills is more important than ever. This 284 00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:07,120 Speaker 1: initiative is breaking down barriers and ensuring that people from 285 00:17:07,200 --> 00:17:10,760 Speaker 1: all walks of life can participate in the future of work. 286 00:17:11,680 --> 00:17:15,840 Speaker 1: In order to effectively scale a platform, the strategic collaborations 287 00:17:15,840 --> 00:17:21,240 Speaker 1: with educational institutions, nonprofits and governments are key. It's clear 288 00:17:21,280 --> 00:17:25,560 Speaker 1: that IBM is deeply invested in creating long lasting change 289 00:17:25,680 --> 00:17:29,840 Speaker 1: in communities around the world. This approach will strengthen the 290 00:17:29,880 --> 00:17:34,159 Speaker 1: workforce globally, helping to bridge the digital divide and create 291 00:17:34,280 --> 00:17:37,040 Speaker 1: more equitable opportunities in the tech space. 292 00:17:38,600 --> 00:17:40,399 Speaker 2: So now we're shifting gears to think a little bit 293 00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:43,280 Speaker 2: about the real world insights. Justina What can you tell 294 00:17:43,359 --> 00:17:46,000 Speaker 2: us about the skills first movement? This seems to be 295 00:17:46,040 --> 00:17:48,840 Speaker 2: an open approach to attracting top talent. What are you 296 00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:50,560 Speaker 2: hearing from students and partners. 297 00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:55,000 Speaker 4: Yeah, So, IBM has been leading the skills first movement 298 00:17:55,119 --> 00:17:57,439 Speaker 4: full quite some time. And one of the things that 299 00:17:57,480 --> 00:18:00,840 Speaker 4: we realize, and we actually tested this out, is that 300 00:18:00,960 --> 00:18:04,240 Speaker 4: you don't always need a four year degree to be 301 00:18:04,320 --> 00:18:07,560 Speaker 4: successful at a tech job. So when we looked at 302 00:18:07,640 --> 00:18:11,159 Speaker 4: the job postings that we had, we decided to make 303 00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:15,160 Speaker 4: a commitment to have at least fifty percent of our 304 00:18:15,320 --> 00:18:19,800 Speaker 4: job postings not requiring a four year degree. And when 305 00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:23,040 Speaker 4: we started hiring people without a four year degree in 306 00:18:23,119 --> 00:18:28,160 Speaker 4: certain roles, we realized that they were as successful as 307 00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:30,320 Speaker 4: those with a four year degree. Now, this doesn't work 308 00:18:30,359 --> 00:18:33,199 Speaker 4: across the board, but this is really a way to 309 00:18:33,400 --> 00:18:37,080 Speaker 4: get access to what I consider to be untapped talent 310 00:18:37,680 --> 00:18:40,159 Speaker 4: that are skilled in different ways. Maybe they've had some 311 00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:44,400 Speaker 4: experiences already, maybe they have a different set of badges 312 00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:48,399 Speaker 4: and certificates or other credentials that can support them getting 313 00:18:48,440 --> 00:18:51,640 Speaker 4: access to some of the roles that are offered by companies. 314 00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:55,439 Speaker 4: So this is really a way to help address the 315 00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:59,480 Speaker 4: opportunity gap and provide a pathway for diverse talent. 316 00:19:00,680 --> 00:19:03,040 Speaker 2: What impact do you think AI has had on global 317 00:19:03,119 --> 00:19:05,040 Speaker 2: learning standards broadly so far? 318 00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:08,919 Speaker 3: I think from the perspective of a law student realizing 319 00:19:08,960 --> 00:19:11,680 Speaker 3: that this little universe in which we kind of thought 320 00:19:11,760 --> 00:19:15,480 Speaker 3: we might operate has expanded. When we think about AI 321 00:19:15,560 --> 00:19:18,400 Speaker 3: and we think about the implications of AI, it goes 322 00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:21,800 Speaker 3: far beyond our state national I mean, you have to 323 00:19:21,840 --> 00:19:25,640 Speaker 3: have an understanding of what's going on in other countries. 324 00:19:25,720 --> 00:19:28,680 Speaker 3: So even when we're thinking about the regulation of AI 325 00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:32,680 Speaker 3: and the governance of AI and policies surrounding AI, it 326 00:19:32,760 --> 00:19:36,040 Speaker 3: means you have to be open to learning about what's 327 00:19:36,080 --> 00:19:40,119 Speaker 3: happening in other countries where AI is disrupting those spaces 328 00:19:40,160 --> 00:19:43,800 Speaker 3: as well. So again, I think it really underscores for 329 00:19:44,080 --> 00:19:47,560 Speaker 3: our law students how you have to see yourself as 330 00:19:47,600 --> 00:19:51,000 Speaker 3: part of a larger team. Lawyers don't work in isolation, 331 00:19:51,320 --> 00:19:55,359 Speaker 3: and it's really good that law students are recognizing that 332 00:19:55,520 --> 00:19:56,760 Speaker 3: while they're still in school. 333 00:19:57,720 --> 00:20:00,200 Speaker 2: So it really seems like these technologies are kind of 334 00:20:00,280 --> 00:20:03,159 Speaker 2: changing the learning experience and law by making kind of 335 00:20:03,240 --> 00:20:06,040 Speaker 2: broader and maybe more global. Justina, can you share an 336 00:20:06,080 --> 00:20:08,800 Speaker 2: example of how IBM skills Build has made a significant 337 00:20:08,800 --> 00:20:11,080 Speaker 2: difference in other kinds of learning journeys. 338 00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:11,400 Speaker 3: Yeah. 339 00:20:11,440 --> 00:20:13,720 Speaker 4: Absolutely, I mean this is one of the most rewarding 340 00:20:13,760 --> 00:20:16,520 Speaker 4: parts of my job. What I get excited about is 341 00:20:16,560 --> 00:20:19,800 Speaker 4: when I travel and I meet with students who have 342 00:20:19,840 --> 00:20:22,159 Speaker 4: been a part of IBM Skills Build and they have 343 00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:27,000 Speaker 4: been able to use the learning, the certificates, the opportunities 344 00:20:27,400 --> 00:20:30,359 Speaker 4: that we've provided them around mentorship as well to be 345 00:20:30,400 --> 00:20:33,000 Speaker 4: able to move into a better paying job or a 346 00:20:33,040 --> 00:20:36,879 Speaker 4: new job that they did not have the opportunity previously. 347 00:20:37,280 --> 00:20:39,880 Speaker 4: We had one of our learners, his name was Oscar 348 00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:43,560 Speaker 4: and he arrived in California from Mexico when he was 349 00:20:43,600 --> 00:20:46,360 Speaker 4: around five years old, and he worked and he attended 350 00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:50,399 Speaker 4: college full time. But during his last semester he was 351 00:20:50,480 --> 00:20:53,520 Speaker 4: introduced to the IBM Skills Build program through the Hispanic 352 00:20:53,640 --> 00:20:58,040 Speaker 4: Heritage Foundation, one of our partners, and through the career 353 00:20:58,080 --> 00:21:01,560 Speaker 4: assessment tool of the program identified areas where he could 354 00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:05,439 Speaker 4: excel and it allowed him to dig deeper into learning 355 00:21:05,520 --> 00:21:08,720 Speaker 4: paths that matched his interests and his skills. So he 356 00:21:08,800 --> 00:21:13,240 Speaker 4: started taking courses such as AI Fundamentals, He earned credentials 357 00:21:13,520 --> 00:21:16,640 Speaker 4: and he was able to get a better role when 358 00:21:16,680 --> 00:21:20,520 Speaker 4: he graduated from college. So we have so many beneficiaries 359 00:21:20,560 --> 00:21:23,560 Speaker 4: of the program who have been able to access the training, 360 00:21:23,880 --> 00:21:27,600 Speaker 4: also access the mentorship that we provide through the program, 361 00:21:27,800 --> 00:21:30,440 Speaker 4: and able to get a better pain on new job 362 00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:31,040 Speaker 4: because of it. 363 00:21:31,880 --> 00:21:35,040 Speaker 2: That's fabulous, Peopril, I know your students have used IBM 364 00:21:35,080 --> 00:21:37,400 Speaker 2: Skills Build. Can you give us an example of how 365 00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:39,679 Speaker 2: it's made an important impact on a student's journey. 366 00:21:39,760 --> 00:21:44,399 Speaker 3: Yes, absolutely so. I mentioned that we taught a Blockchain 367 00:21:44,480 --> 00:21:48,760 Speaker 3: for Lawyers class and one of the students had a 368 00:21:48,800 --> 00:21:53,600 Speaker 3: big interest in blockchain cryptocurrency. He actually also had a 369 00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:56,800 Speaker 3: master's in information science and so he was a dual 370 00:21:56,840 --> 00:21:59,840 Speaker 3: degree student. He was also in my AI and the 371 00:22:00,119 --> 00:22:03,280 Speaker 3: law class, so we not only got the blockchain certificate, 372 00:22:03,760 --> 00:22:07,320 Speaker 3: he got the AI Foundation certificate. He wound up being 373 00:22:07,359 --> 00:22:10,119 Speaker 3: the editor in chief of the law journal and he 374 00:22:10,280 --> 00:22:13,040 Speaker 3: is a legal tech lawyer. And so this kind of 375 00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:15,920 Speaker 3: goes back to what Justina was saying about making sure 376 00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:20,000 Speaker 3: that the talent that's there has access to the resources. 377 00:22:20,040 --> 00:22:22,160 Speaker 3: It really does make a big difference in so many 378 00:22:22,200 --> 00:22:23,320 Speaker 3: of our students' lives. 379 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:27,600 Speaker 2: That's such an inspiring story, Justina. I'm curious what impact 380 00:22:27,680 --> 00:22:29,959 Speaker 2: Skills Build has had on the communities you work with, 381 00:22:30,080 --> 00:22:31,600 Speaker 2: maybe even beyond just students. 382 00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:37,400 Speaker 4: Yeah, so it has had a tremendous impact in our communities. 383 00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:41,080 Speaker 4: I think one of the big things about digital skills 384 00:22:41,119 --> 00:22:46,040 Speaker 4: and upskill in and reskilling is not just in certain areas. 385 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:49,679 Speaker 4: For example, I mentioned the story of Oscar who was 386 00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:53,040 Speaker 4: graduating from college got access to Skills Build. It helped 387 00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:56,720 Speaker 4: him get a better paying job. But we have programs 388 00:22:56,760 --> 00:23:00,200 Speaker 4: in sustainability as well where we are working with farmers 389 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:04,160 Speaker 4: in the middle of Texas and we are providing access 390 00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:07,000 Speaker 4: to skills Build as well so that they can use 391 00:23:07,080 --> 00:23:10,520 Speaker 4: the technology and understand the technology that we are bringing 392 00:23:10,680 --> 00:23:14,840 Speaker 4: to them throughout Sustainability Accelerator program. And what's so interesting 393 00:23:14,880 --> 00:23:18,360 Speaker 4: about this is we need to upskill and reskill them 394 00:23:18,400 --> 00:23:21,120 Speaker 4: as well. So if you think about certain jobs where 395 00:23:21,160 --> 00:23:24,400 Speaker 4: you just need to better understand the data or the technology, 396 00:23:24,880 --> 00:23:27,600 Speaker 4: our partnerships with nonprofits to be able to bring it 397 00:23:27,640 --> 00:23:30,959 Speaker 4: to people in different fields and sustainability is one that 398 00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:34,320 Speaker 4: we focus on as well. That has been inspiring to me. 399 00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:38,120 Speaker 4: We also have programs where we focus on girls, especially 400 00:23:38,200 --> 00:23:41,359 Speaker 4: in India, and make sure we're giving them access to 401 00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:44,880 Speaker 4: this kind of training and mentorship. Again to make them 402 00:23:45,320 --> 00:23:48,000 Speaker 4: competitive in the marketplace, to make sure that they have 403 00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:51,040 Speaker 4: an opportunity at a good paying job and that they 404 00:23:51,040 --> 00:23:55,160 Speaker 4: could be independent. So our global partners work with us 405 00:23:55,240 --> 00:24:00,040 Speaker 4: on leveraging skills, build curating it in a way that 406 00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:03,080 Speaker 4: makes sense for their communities that they want to impact. 407 00:24:03,160 --> 00:24:06,600 Speaker 4: And we focus on women who have left the workforce 408 00:24:06,760 --> 00:24:09,520 Speaker 4: and they want to return. We focus on veterans. We 409 00:24:09,640 --> 00:24:13,640 Speaker 4: focus on black communities in the US or Hispanic communities. 410 00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:17,680 Speaker 4: So we really look at those really great global partnerships 411 00:24:17,680 --> 00:24:20,880 Speaker 4: and make sure we are bringing in people who would 412 00:24:20,920 --> 00:24:23,760 Speaker 4: have been otherwise left out of the tech field and 413 00:24:24,040 --> 00:24:27,240 Speaker 4: giving them the opportunity to reskill and upskill themselves and 414 00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:30,520 Speaker 4: helping them through our partnerships, connect to good paying jobs 415 00:24:30,560 --> 00:24:31,000 Speaker 4: as well. 416 00:24:31,720 --> 00:24:34,760 Speaker 2: So so far we've been focused on students in their learning, 417 00:24:34,800 --> 00:24:37,320 Speaker 2: but now I want to turn to both of your learning. 418 00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:40,280 Speaker 2: I'm curious, what are some challenges that you've faced in 419 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:42,400 Speaker 2: your careers and how have you overcome them? 420 00:24:42,880 --> 00:24:46,640 Speaker 3: Yeah. Sure, So. One of the things that I quickly 421 00:24:46,680 --> 00:24:50,200 Speaker 3: found out was that law school was not as I envisioned. 422 00:24:50,280 --> 00:24:52,160 Speaker 3: You kind of go in you think it's one thing, 423 00:24:52,200 --> 00:24:55,760 Speaker 3: it's another. The curriculum can be very surprising it's not 424 00:24:55,920 --> 00:25:00,720 Speaker 3: like the undergraduate curriculum, and I just had to kind 425 00:25:00,720 --> 00:25:05,000 Speaker 3: of reach out and develop mentors. And I was very 426 00:25:05,119 --> 00:25:09,520 Speaker 3: lucky in that I had a number of individuals who 427 00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:13,000 Speaker 3: provided me with a tremendous amount of support. And I 428 00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:15,199 Speaker 3: think that's one of the reasons why I love teaching 429 00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:18,720 Speaker 3: so much, is to be able to support the students 430 00:25:19,400 --> 00:25:21,679 Speaker 3: and just help them kind of build their community and 431 00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:24,800 Speaker 3: their network so they can excel, and then they can 432 00:25:24,880 --> 00:25:27,119 Speaker 3: reach back and help others excel as well. 433 00:25:28,240 --> 00:25:30,879 Speaker 2: I love that. Justina, same question, What are some key 434 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:33,119 Speaker 2: challenges that you've faced in your career and how have 435 00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:33,880 Speaker 2: you overcome them? 436 00:25:33,960 --> 00:25:38,480 Speaker 4: Yeah, I'm smiling because what April mentioned is exactly the 437 00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:41,359 Speaker 4: experience I've had. I was one of the only black 438 00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:45,880 Speaker 4: women to graduate from my school's mechanical engineering program, and 439 00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:50,000 Speaker 4: when my children were very young, I also stepped away 440 00:25:50,040 --> 00:25:53,399 Speaker 4: from the workforce for several years to focus on them. 441 00:25:53,960 --> 00:25:57,680 Speaker 4: And I don't think I would be successful today without 442 00:25:57,680 --> 00:26:00,720 Speaker 4: the help of mentors. They're the ones that really helped 443 00:26:00,760 --> 00:26:04,960 Speaker 4: me to be successful, to understand the corporate environment, to 444 00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:09,320 Speaker 4: connect me with other opportunities, and I think it's important 445 00:26:09,320 --> 00:26:13,040 Speaker 4: to me to make myself available to others, and that's 446 00:26:13,359 --> 00:26:15,360 Speaker 4: a really big part of what I do. I want 447 00:26:15,400 --> 00:26:19,600 Speaker 4: to make myself at my field more representative of the 448 00:26:19,640 --> 00:26:21,280 Speaker 4: work that we do, and I want to make sure 449 00:26:21,320 --> 00:26:25,000 Speaker 4: that I provide access to others and give others the 450 00:26:25,040 --> 00:26:28,320 Speaker 4: same types of opportunities I have. And that's why I 451 00:26:28,359 --> 00:26:31,480 Speaker 4: do enjoy leading this type of work at IBM. 452 00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:34,080 Speaker 2: Here here to both of you giving back to the 453 00:26:34,080 --> 00:26:37,639 Speaker 2: students that we were back in the day. It's so important, Justina. 454 00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:40,560 Speaker 2: IBM has a goal of equipping thirty million learners with 455 00:26:40,640 --> 00:26:43,560 Speaker 2: technology skills by twenty thirty as part of the IBM 456 00:26:43,760 --> 00:26:47,880 Speaker 2: Skills Build programming. Why is this initiative important and how 457 00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:50,119 Speaker 2: is IBM planning to exactly achieve this? 458 00:26:50,880 --> 00:26:53,359 Speaker 4: Yeah, we believe the talent gap is one of the 459 00:26:53,359 --> 00:26:57,320 Speaker 4: biggest challenges that we face in society today. So AI 460 00:26:57,760 --> 00:27:01,119 Speaker 4: of course is accelerating this movement and there's more of 461 00:27:01,119 --> 00:27:04,600 Speaker 4: a sense of urgency. However, we know that there is 462 00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:08,040 Speaker 4: a significant talent gap and that there are many people 463 00:27:08,240 --> 00:27:11,080 Speaker 4: that are disadvantaged who are not getting access to the 464 00:27:11,160 --> 00:27:14,320 Speaker 4: right opportunities, and that's why we made the commitment to 465 00:27:14,320 --> 00:27:17,480 Speaker 4: skill thirty million people by twenty thirty and that's why 466 00:27:17,520 --> 00:27:21,040 Speaker 4: we're providing free access to programs like IBM Skills Build 467 00:27:21,720 --> 00:27:24,840 Speaker 4: with over a thousand courses in twenty languages, to make 468 00:27:24,880 --> 00:27:28,280 Speaker 4: them accessible to all and to give others the chance 469 00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:32,280 Speaker 4: to be successful. Last year, we also announced the commitment 470 00:27:32,400 --> 00:27:36,000 Speaker 4: to train two million people in AI over the next 471 00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:40,200 Speaker 4: three years, because again, we understand the importance of AI 472 00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:44,800 Speaker 4: and understanding it to be successful in any job, especially 473 00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:48,360 Speaker 4: an entry level job. So we're continuing to expand our 474 00:27:48,440 --> 00:27:53,840 Speaker 4: AI offerings because we know that it is exacerbating the 475 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:57,199 Speaker 4: talent gap and we know that these skills will be 476 00:27:57,280 --> 00:27:59,720 Speaker 4: in demand significantly by. 477 00:27:59,680 --> 00:28:03,439 Speaker 2: Cop So April, Justina just mentioned, you know, all the 478 00:28:03,520 --> 00:28:05,960 Speaker 2: changes that we're seeing at AI. I'm curious what role 479 00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:09,040 Speaker 2: you think educators play in terms of making students aware 480 00:28:09,119 --> 00:28:12,760 Speaker 2: of all these technological and societal changes happening in their fields. 481 00:28:13,280 --> 00:28:16,720 Speaker 3: Yeah, educators are so vital. And one of the things 482 00:28:16,720 --> 00:28:20,480 Speaker 3: that I've noticed is that students who have not engaged 483 00:28:20,520 --> 00:28:24,560 Speaker 3: with the tech have not done so either because an educator, 484 00:28:24,600 --> 00:28:28,119 Speaker 3: a teacher or professor has told them not to that 485 00:28:28,359 --> 00:28:30,440 Speaker 3: you know, they just say, you know, no, you can't 486 00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:33,040 Speaker 3: use it, or they haven't said anything at all. They 487 00:28:33,040 --> 00:28:36,760 Speaker 3: haven't encouraged them to look into it, to try it. 488 00:28:37,160 --> 00:28:42,160 Speaker 3: And we have to encourage students to become familiar with 489 00:28:42,240 --> 00:28:45,200 Speaker 3: these tools for all the reasons that Justina mentioned in 490 00:28:45,320 --> 00:28:49,200 Speaker 3: terms of what the workforce is demanding, but also if 491 00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:52,800 Speaker 3: we don't provide them with guidance, then there's the real 492 00:28:52,920 --> 00:28:56,680 Speaker 3: chance that they will use them inappropriately. So we have 493 00:28:56,840 --> 00:29:01,520 Speaker 3: to provide them with permission to dive in. We have 494 00:29:01,640 --> 00:29:06,080 Speaker 3: to teach them how to use these tools ethically, with integrity, 495 00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:09,400 Speaker 3: what are the best practices, And again that kind of 496 00:29:09,400 --> 00:29:12,520 Speaker 3: goes back to something I mentioned before, which I speak 497 00:29:12,560 --> 00:29:16,560 Speaker 3: about a lot, is that it requires educators to themselves 498 00:29:16,880 --> 00:29:19,640 Speaker 3: learn about these tools. And that's one of the reasons 499 00:29:19,680 --> 00:29:23,800 Speaker 3: why I was so appreciative of the Trainer program because 500 00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:27,720 Speaker 3: again we started offering courses at the law school, because 501 00:29:28,360 --> 00:29:31,840 Speaker 3: these courses were provided free of charge, of course to 502 00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:36,640 Speaker 3: our faculty, so we were able to upskill and reskill 503 00:29:36,840 --> 00:29:39,800 Speaker 3: and then turn around and share that with our students. 504 00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:43,480 Speaker 3: So educators are vital. But I also think that we 505 00:29:43,560 --> 00:29:46,720 Speaker 3: need to make sure we do a better job as 506 00:29:46,760 --> 00:29:50,880 Speaker 3: a society of supporting our educators so that they can 507 00:29:50,960 --> 00:29:55,400 Speaker 3: gain the knowledge and then pay that forward to the students. 508 00:29:55,320 --> 00:29:58,280 Speaker 2: Right, because not everybody's providing the kinds of free resources 509 00:29:58,280 --> 00:30:02,400 Speaker 2: the IBM provides. Were teachers who really need it, April, 510 00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:05,560 Speaker 2: in what ways has IBM Skills Build changed your perspective 511 00:30:05,640 --> 00:30:07,880 Speaker 2: on the potential of AI and education? 512 00:30:08,560 --> 00:30:10,800 Speaker 3: Well as far as the potential, it makes it so 513 00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:14,720 Speaker 3: much easier, right, I mean, it lightens the lift for educators. 514 00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:21,920 Speaker 3: If I had to design the AI Foundations class ground up, 515 00:30:22,360 --> 00:30:24,440 Speaker 3: there's no way I could have done that. And if 516 00:30:24,440 --> 00:30:28,959 Speaker 3: we're thinking about exposing students, regardless of their area of 517 00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:34,960 Speaker 3: study to AI or to technology, those that are experts 518 00:30:35,000 --> 00:30:38,840 Speaker 3: in those particular spaces, they're not going to be able 519 00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:43,480 Speaker 3: to build those courses. So having something like IBM Skills 520 00:30:43,480 --> 00:30:46,800 Speaker 3: Build available so that we can, you know, design a 521 00:30:46,840 --> 00:30:49,960 Speaker 3: course around those modules that are already put together is 522 00:30:50,120 --> 00:30:53,920 Speaker 3: incredibly helpful. And so it means the potential of providing 523 00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:59,080 Speaker 3: AI education to all students. It just really increases the possibility, 524 00:30:59,080 --> 00:31:00,840 Speaker 3: which is good for for all of us. 525 00:31:02,360 --> 00:31:04,720 Speaker 2: Justina, as you think about your work at IBM, how 526 00:31:04,720 --> 00:31:07,600 Speaker 2: do you balance the need for technological innovation with the 527 00:31:07,640 --> 00:31:10,800 Speaker 2: importance of maintaining a human centered approach and education. 528 00:31:11,400 --> 00:31:16,000 Speaker 4: I really like how April touched on ethics earlier because 529 00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:19,400 Speaker 4: it is so important that we continue to make sure 530 00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:21,600 Speaker 4: that human is at the center of everything that we 531 00:31:21,640 --> 00:31:25,360 Speaker 4: do and that we are protecting people even as we 532 00:31:25,480 --> 00:31:29,680 Speaker 4: foster innovation with AI and the way that IBM has 533 00:31:29,760 --> 00:31:34,120 Speaker 4: done that, we've had reasonable policies and guardrails in place 534 00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:38,040 Speaker 4: around everything that we do around AI. I'm actually a 535 00:31:38,080 --> 00:31:40,440 Speaker 4: part of our AI Ethics Board. We meet on a 536 00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:45,920 Speaker 4: regular basis to discuss cases, to discuss technology, and we 537 00:31:46,080 --> 00:31:50,760 Speaker 4: actually have discussions and make decisions on what is the 538 00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:54,400 Speaker 4: right thing to do, and we are always considering a 539 00:31:54,520 --> 00:31:57,480 Speaker 4: human centered approach. How do we make sure that we 540 00:31:57,520 --> 00:31:59,880 Speaker 4: are protecting people and how do we make sure that 541 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:03,600 Speaker 4: that we have their voice in every decision that we make. 542 00:32:04,120 --> 00:32:08,560 Speaker 4: We have three principles around trust and transparency, and the 543 00:32:08,600 --> 00:32:13,400 Speaker 4: first is the purpose of AI is to augment human intelligence, 544 00:32:13,560 --> 00:32:17,120 Speaker 4: not replace it. The second is that data and insights 545 00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:20,160 Speaker 4: belong to their creators, So with anyone that we work with, 546 00:32:20,600 --> 00:32:23,959 Speaker 4: we make sure that we protect their data insights and 547 00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:26,800 Speaker 4: it belongs to them, it doesn't belong to us. And 548 00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:32,200 Speaker 4: then any new technology, including any AI products, systems, platforms, 549 00:32:32,680 --> 00:32:37,160 Speaker 4: must be transparent and explainable. So I think that's important 550 00:32:37,160 --> 00:32:39,520 Speaker 4: to have those types of principles in place. I'm proud 551 00:32:39,520 --> 00:32:41,840 Speaker 4: to be a part of the AI Ethics Board making 552 00:32:41,880 --> 00:32:47,040 Speaker 4: decisions around how AI is deployed, and I think making 553 00:32:47,040 --> 00:32:50,240 Speaker 4: sure that we continue to keep humans people at the 554 00:32:50,280 --> 00:32:53,479 Speaker 4: center of every decision we make around innovation is how 555 00:32:53,520 --> 00:32:54,880 Speaker 4: we protect them. 556 00:32:55,400 --> 00:32:57,880 Speaker 2: So we've talked so much about all the changes that 557 00:32:57,920 --> 00:32:59,760 Speaker 2: are happening right now. Just you know, I kind of 558 00:32:59,800 --> 00:33:02,840 Speaker 2: want you to put on your future prediction cap what 559 00:33:02,880 --> 00:33:06,200 Speaker 2: future developments do you anticipate in the realm of open education. 560 00:33:07,040 --> 00:33:09,800 Speaker 4: I think that and I've been in education a very 561 00:33:09,840 --> 00:33:13,040 Speaker 4: long time, and I remember us talking about personalized learning 562 00:33:13,920 --> 00:33:17,520 Speaker 4: maybe ten years fifteen years ago, and I'm not sure 563 00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:21,600 Speaker 4: it ever came to fruition in the way that we imagined. 564 00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:26,240 Speaker 4: And we know that the teacher will always be the guide. 565 00:33:26,280 --> 00:33:28,520 Speaker 4: They will always be the one that's needed. I don't 566 00:33:28,560 --> 00:33:32,280 Speaker 4: think any technology will ever replace teachers. But I think 567 00:33:32,320 --> 00:33:36,440 Speaker 4: what AI can do is enhanced that experience by really 568 00:33:36,480 --> 00:33:42,560 Speaker 4: creating personalized learning content and experiences in the education space. 569 00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:44,680 Speaker 4: I think that is one of the things that I 570 00:33:44,720 --> 00:33:47,920 Speaker 4: would say should be something we see in the very 571 00:33:47,960 --> 00:33:52,600 Speaker 4: near future around the acceleration of AI April. 572 00:33:52,640 --> 00:33:55,120 Speaker 2: You've done so much elegant work teaching your students about 573 00:33:55,160 --> 00:33:58,520 Speaker 2: AI and technology. I'm curious what advice you have for 574 00:33:58,680 --> 00:34:02,080 Speaker 2: other educators and technologists looking to advocate for a skills 575 00:34:02,120 --> 00:34:05,160 Speaker 2: first approach or more AI training for their students. What 576 00:34:05,200 --> 00:34:06,920 Speaker 2: advice would you have for them. 577 00:34:07,360 --> 00:34:09,880 Speaker 3: The first piece of advice that I always give is 578 00:34:09,960 --> 00:34:13,560 Speaker 3: don't feel overwhelmed because you can. I mean, there's a 579 00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:16,120 Speaker 3: lot going on. It's hard to keep up with how 580 00:34:16,160 --> 00:34:18,200 Speaker 3: fast things are moving, even for those of us that 581 00:34:18,640 --> 00:34:21,600 Speaker 3: love this space. You don't have to do everything at once, 582 00:34:21,880 --> 00:34:25,520 Speaker 3: just you know, baby steps, and that's that's absolutely fine. 583 00:34:25,760 --> 00:34:26,080 Speaker 1: Thank you. 584 00:34:26,120 --> 00:34:27,600 Speaker 2: As a professor, I have to say I needed to 585 00:34:27,600 --> 00:34:30,399 Speaker 2: hear that, so giving myself grace taking that one to heart. 586 00:34:30,760 --> 00:34:34,439 Speaker 3: In fact, I have in my PowerPoint presentation the first 587 00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:36,680 Speaker 3: slide I put up is of a turtle and it 588 00:34:36,760 --> 00:34:39,040 Speaker 3: says slow your role. And it's like, I'm going to 589 00:34:39,120 --> 00:34:41,120 Speaker 3: be talking about a lot of things, but I want 590 00:34:41,160 --> 00:34:44,280 Speaker 3: you to remember this slide, just slow your role. It's okay. 591 00:34:44,600 --> 00:34:48,439 Speaker 3: The other thing that I encourage professors to do is 592 00:34:48,520 --> 00:34:51,960 Speaker 3: to join an educator community group, and there are a 593 00:34:52,080 --> 00:34:55,040 Speaker 3: lot that have popped up as a result of jin 594 00:34:55,120 --> 00:34:57,719 Speaker 3: Ai and the disruption that we're seeing just in the 595 00:34:57,840 --> 00:35:03,240 Speaker 3: education space. And so how can crowdsource our advice without 596 00:35:03,239 --> 00:35:05,759 Speaker 3: a doubt If you're thinking about a particular assignment, and 597 00:35:05,840 --> 00:35:09,920 Speaker 3: how you might use Jenai in crafting that assignment or 598 00:35:09,960 --> 00:35:14,239 Speaker 3: incorporating it in the assessment, there is a professor out 599 00:35:14,239 --> 00:35:17,680 Speaker 3: there who has either already done it or they're also 600 00:35:17,800 --> 00:35:21,240 Speaker 3: thinking about it. So you know, let's be more collaborative. 601 00:35:21,800 --> 00:35:24,759 Speaker 3: And I will say that's been really wonderful for me 602 00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:30,280 Speaker 3: as a law professor, being able to collaborate with professors 603 00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:34,480 Speaker 3: from other disciplines. And the last thing that I would say, 604 00:35:35,120 --> 00:35:38,399 Speaker 3: you know, sometimes it can be hard to convince your 605 00:35:38,440 --> 00:35:44,200 Speaker 3: colleagues within your institution to be progressive. And if you 606 00:35:44,239 --> 00:35:47,640 Speaker 3: can bring an outside speaker to come in and kind 607 00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:51,040 Speaker 3: of just share what's going on, that can oftentimes get 608 00:35:51,080 --> 00:35:54,760 Speaker 3: people moving even if you within the building aren't able 609 00:35:54,800 --> 00:35:57,480 Speaker 3: to get that same traction. So those are kind of 610 00:35:57,480 --> 00:35:59,799 Speaker 3: the three pieces of advice that I'll typically give. 611 00:35:59,800 --> 00:36:03,799 Speaker 2: Par So, this has been a fabulous conversation that we 612 00:36:03,840 --> 00:36:06,920 Speaker 2: are reaching the end of our time. But before we wrap, 613 00:36:07,200 --> 00:36:12,120 Speaker 2: let's do a speed round. Ready, First question, April First, 614 00:36:12,480 --> 00:36:16,400 Speaker 2: complete this sentence in five years, AI will blank. 615 00:36:17,560 --> 00:36:24,080 Speaker 3: In five years, AI will be more fully leveraged to 616 00:36:24,200 --> 00:36:29,040 Speaker 3: help lawyers better serve their clients more efficiently, and will 617 00:36:29,080 --> 00:36:31,640 Speaker 3: help close the access to justice gap. 618 00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:35,480 Speaker 2: Nice justin the same question. 619 00:36:35,960 --> 00:36:40,799 Speaker 4: In five years, AI will have disrupted every industry and 620 00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:44,319 Speaker 4: there would have been significant advancements made in education and 621 00:36:44,360 --> 00:36:46,240 Speaker 4: sustainability with the use of AI. 622 00:36:47,400 --> 00:36:50,440 Speaker 2: Okay, speed round question number two. What is the number 623 00:36:50,440 --> 00:36:53,200 Speaker 2: one thing that people misunderstand about AI? 624 00:36:53,680 --> 00:36:57,640 Speaker 4: Justinat you first, The number one misunderstanding about AI is 625 00:36:57,680 --> 00:37:00,680 Speaker 4: that it's going to destroy everyone's jobs. I think that 626 00:37:01,360 --> 00:37:05,080 Speaker 4: people with AI skills or understanding of AI will have 627 00:37:05,120 --> 00:37:06,680 Speaker 4: some advantages in the workplace. 628 00:37:07,280 --> 00:37:12,920 Speaker 3: April, the number one thing people misunderstand about AI is 629 00:37:12,960 --> 00:37:19,879 Speaker 3: that only computer scientists or mathematicians or engineers can understand it. 630 00:37:20,560 --> 00:37:23,799 Speaker 3: You can gain an understanding again through baby steps, and 631 00:37:23,840 --> 00:37:28,640 Speaker 3: there are so many resources available. If you explore the 632 00:37:28,640 --> 00:37:31,879 Speaker 3: information and bite sized pieces, you can begin to wrap 633 00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:32,640 Speaker 3: your head around it. 634 00:37:33,440 --> 00:37:36,399 Speaker 2: Okay, next speed around question. What advice would you give 635 00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:40,400 Speaker 2: yourself ten years ago to better prepare you for today? Justina, 636 00:37:40,480 --> 00:37:41,319 Speaker 2: you first. 637 00:37:41,560 --> 00:37:44,600 Speaker 4: The advice I would give myself ten years ago is 638 00:37:44,640 --> 00:37:49,960 Speaker 4: to continue learning. I always love understanding technology. I always 639 00:37:50,440 --> 00:37:53,520 Speaker 4: dove deep into whether it's machine learning or four G 640 00:37:53,640 --> 00:37:58,120 Speaker 4: and five G technologies. Understanding AI and hybrid cloud today 641 00:37:58,239 --> 00:38:01,560 Speaker 4: is something that I also enjoy doing, so I would 642 00:38:01,560 --> 00:38:06,759 Speaker 4: say continue learning, continue diving into these technologies, continue understanding 643 00:38:06,800 --> 00:38:10,440 Speaker 4: what it means for you and your future career, April. 644 00:38:11,480 --> 00:38:16,040 Speaker 3: Be more interdisciplinary, so stay current with the evolution of 645 00:38:16,080 --> 00:38:21,680 Speaker 3: computer science, but also incorporate the study of data and 646 00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:26,840 Speaker 3: ethics and sociology because the challenges they're opposed by AI, 647 00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:32,160 Speaker 3: they're multifaceted and you have to have an understanding in 648 00:38:32,200 --> 00:38:36,480 Speaker 3: these areas to really address the promise and the challenges 649 00:38:36,520 --> 00:38:36,920 Speaker 3: of AI. 650 00:38:37,719 --> 00:38:41,280 Speaker 2: Final speed round question, how are you already using AI 651 00:38:41,360 --> 00:38:43,520 Speaker 2: in your day to day life today? April. 652 00:38:44,239 --> 00:38:46,960 Speaker 3: So I use it in my teaching. The other way 653 00:38:47,120 --> 00:38:49,359 Speaker 3: that I plan on using it in the future is 654 00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:52,880 Speaker 3: serving the students and then using the data analysis tool 655 00:38:53,320 --> 00:38:57,239 Speaker 3: to help me gather that information and figure out how 656 00:38:57,320 --> 00:39:00,880 Speaker 3: best to address the information that I've received for my students. 657 00:39:01,480 --> 00:39:05,320 Speaker 4: Nice Justina, Yeah, So the way that we're using AI 658 00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:10,560 Speaker 4: today is to actually analyze complex and large data sets 659 00:39:10,600 --> 00:39:14,880 Speaker 4: in our sustainability work to provide insights to some of 660 00:39:14,960 --> 00:39:20,240 Speaker 4: our partners on how they can increase crop yield, for example, 661 00:39:20,760 --> 00:39:24,520 Speaker 4: or how they can deliver clean energy solutions to rural areas. 662 00:39:24,560 --> 00:39:27,960 Speaker 4: So were actively using it in the programs that we 663 00:39:28,080 --> 00:39:33,000 Speaker 4: have within our corporate Social Responsibility portfolio and also integrating 664 00:39:33,040 --> 00:39:34,800 Speaker 4: it into our Skills Bill platform. 665 00:39:36,080 --> 00:39:38,319 Speaker 2: Well, thank you both so much. You did excellent in 666 00:39:38,320 --> 00:39:41,080 Speaker 2: the speed round, but it was just so fabulous to 667 00:39:41,080 --> 00:39:42,640 Speaker 2: talk to you both today. I think this is a 668 00:39:42,719 --> 00:39:46,200 Speaker 2: time of so many exciting challenges in the field of education, 669 00:39:46,320 --> 00:39:48,960 Speaker 2: and it was fabulous to hear more about how AI 670 00:39:49,040 --> 00:39:51,640 Speaker 2: and IBM Skills Build and so many technologies can help 671 00:39:51,680 --> 00:39:53,960 Speaker 2: us out. Thank you both so much for this fun conversation. 672 00:39:54,239 --> 00:39:55,920 Speaker 4: Thank you for having us. It was great. 673 00:39:56,239 --> 00:39:57,960 Speaker 3: Yes, thank you, Thank you. 674 00:40:00,760 --> 00:40:04,680 Speaker 1: What an insightful conversation with Justina and April. This discussion 675 00:40:04,840 --> 00:40:09,600 Speaker 1: demonstrated how technology and education can intersect to create a 676 00:40:09,640 --> 00:40:14,720 Speaker 1: meaningful impact in today's educational landscape. Students must utilize AI 677 00:40:14,760 --> 00:40:18,080 Speaker 1: in the classroom in order to prepare for the modern workforce, 678 00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:22,880 Speaker 1: and educators must use the technology, including IBM Skills Build, 679 00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:28,239 Speaker 1: to train students for the complexities of tomorrow's challenges. As 680 00:40:28,239 --> 00:40:32,200 Speaker 1: April and Justina emphasized, impact starts by centering the humans 681 00:40:32,320 --> 00:40:36,319 Speaker 1: using the tool. Ensuring their empowered to access, adopt, and 682 00:40:36,440 --> 00:40:40,120 Speaker 1: excel with the technology is just as critical as the 683 00:40:40,160 --> 00:40:44,560 Speaker 1: power of the tool itself. Justina and April's work is 684 00:40:44,600 --> 00:40:48,200 Speaker 1: a powerful reminder that as we continue to integrate AI 685 00:40:48,280 --> 00:40:52,920 Speaker 1: technology into our educational systems, we have the opportunity to 686 00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:57,839 Speaker 1: create more equitable and accessible learning environments. It's clear that 687 00:40:57,880 --> 00:41:01,000 Speaker 1: the future of learning and technology is right and the 688 00:41:01,040 --> 00:41:07,520 Speaker 1: adoption of AI is crucial in shaping that future. Smart 689 00:41:07,560 --> 00:41:10,799 Speaker 1: Talks with IBM is produced by Matt Romano, Joey Fishground, 690 00:41:10,880 --> 00:41:15,360 Speaker 1: Amy Gains McQuaid, and Jacob Goldstein or edited by Lydia 691 00:41:15,560 --> 00:41:19,600 Speaker 1: gene Kott. Our engineers are Sarah Bugaer and Ben Tolliday. 692 00:41:20,040 --> 00:41:23,279 Speaker 1: Theme song by Gramoscope. Special thanks to the eight Bar 693 00:41:23,360 --> 00:41:26,560 Speaker 1: and IBM teams, as well as the Pushkin marketing team. 694 00:41:26,760 --> 00:41:29,920 Speaker 1: Smart Talks with IBM is a production of Pushkin Industries 695 00:41:30,120 --> 00:41:35,000 Speaker 1: and Ruby Studio at iHeartMedia. To find more Pushkin podcasts, 696 00:41:35,239 --> 00:41:40,200 Speaker 1: listen on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 697 00:41:40,320 --> 00:41:44,920 Speaker 1: listen to podcasts. I'm Malcolm Glapwa. This is a paid 698 00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:49,719 Speaker 1: advertisement from IBM. The conversations on this podcast don't necessarily 699 00:41:49,800 --> 00:41:53,759 Speaker 1: represent IBM's positions, strategies, or opinions