WEBVTT - Selects: Why Landmines Are The Deadliest Legacy Of War 0:00:00.720 --> 0:00:01.440 Hi, everybody. 0:00:01.680 --> 0:00:05.960 Chuck here on Saturday with an important show to curate 0:00:06.000 --> 0:00:08.200 here on this select Saturday. It was an important episode, 0:00:09.400 --> 0:00:12.320 a pretty depressing one though, because it's about the history 0:00:12.440 --> 0:00:15.720 of land mines and it's from April tenth, twenty eighteen. 0:00:16.040 --> 0:00:24.640 Wide land mines are the deadliest legacy of war. Welcome 0:00:24.760 --> 0:00:32.000 to Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:34.040 --> 0:00:36.600 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and 0:00:36.640 --> 0:00:40.120 there's Charles w Chuck Bryant, and there's Jerry Rowland. Back 0:00:40.159 --> 0:00:43.920 together again at last, Just like last week. 0:00:44.640 --> 0:00:47.000 I was about to say, what are you talking about? 0:00:47.280 --> 0:00:50.440 You know what I'm talking about, willis what you're talking about. 0:00:51.600 --> 0:00:57.840 Oh that was a pretty good one, subtle, understated. So Chuck, 0:00:57.880 --> 0:00:58.800 how are you feeling today? 0:01:00.160 --> 0:01:01.520 I'm kind of tired of this weather. 0:01:02.360 --> 0:01:04.520 Yeah, it's pretty nasty. Huh Yeah. 0:01:04.520 --> 0:01:07.080 I mean it's almost April in Atlanta and it's still 0:01:07.120 --> 0:01:08.040 cold at night. 0:01:08.680 --> 0:01:10.480 It's during the day for that. 0:01:11.160 --> 0:01:14.280 It usually like the way that Atlanta is for those 0:01:14.319 --> 0:01:17.080 who don't know, it'll be cold, cold, cold, like really 0:01:17.120 --> 0:01:19.400 cold down in the freezing. Sometimes it'll snow and then 0:01:19.440 --> 0:01:22.200 it'll start to warm up, and then at the end 0:01:22.200 --> 0:01:25.240 of February boom, one more snow out of nowhere and 0:01:25.280 --> 0:01:29.800 then spring. That's not how it's going this time. No, No, 0:01:30.480 --> 0:01:32.880 it's been like real gloomy and dismal. Huh. 0:01:32.959 --> 0:01:34.200 Yeah, I got the sads. 0:01:35.000 --> 0:01:38.520 It's okay, it'll clear up soon enough. Easters on its way, 0:01:39.440 --> 0:01:42.240 Peter Rabbit's gonna bring us some sunshine and. 0:01:42.240 --> 0:01:44.480 Springtime good and poison eggs. 0:01:45.680 --> 0:01:49.559 Poison eggs. No, you're thinking of Halloween candy. Oh right, 0:01:51.120 --> 0:01:54.680 so today, Chuck, we're not talking about Halloween or easter 0:01:54.880 --> 0:01:59.800 or even the weather. We're talking about something that has 0:01:59.840 --> 0:02:05.960 been come kind of an international global issue, rightfully, so 0:02:06.120 --> 0:02:09.600 in like the best way possible because in this case, 0:02:09.680 --> 0:02:12.680 the international community, the global community has kind of come 0:02:12.720 --> 0:02:18.480 together to try to alleviate a really overlooked problem literally 0:02:18.520 --> 0:02:22.120 and figuratively overlooked problem land mines. 0:02:23.080 --> 0:02:26.200 Yeah, and has been This isn't like a brand new effort, No, 0:02:26.400 --> 0:02:29.800 but it's a little daunting to say the least, and 0:02:29.880 --> 0:02:31.640 depressing it is. 0:02:32.160 --> 0:02:34.800 There's something like I saw, there's all these really, like 0:02:34.840 --> 0:02:37.720 you say, depressing statistics all over the place when you 0:02:37.720 --> 0:02:41.840 look into land mines. Fortunately, although they are daunting, they're 0:02:41.880 --> 0:02:44.120 not so daunting that people are just like, forget it, 0:02:44.160 --> 0:02:46.200 We're not even going to do this, right, But I 0:02:46.240 --> 0:02:49.720 saw something like it would take eleven hundred years at 0:02:49.720 --> 0:02:53.440 the current pace of progress to remove all the land 0:02:53.480 --> 0:02:55.880 mines on Earth right now that are buried on Earth, 0:02:56.520 --> 0:02:58.880 if not another single one is laid. 0:02:59.400 --> 0:02:59.640 Yeah. 0:02:59.720 --> 0:03:02.440 Well, part of the problem though, was the number they're 0:03:02.520 --> 0:03:05.720 laying land mines twenty five times faster. Yes, then we're 0:03:05.760 --> 0:03:09.239 gathering up old land mines. Yes, yeah, that's the issue. 0:03:09.880 --> 0:03:13.040 Yeah, it's funny like between two and a half million 0:03:13.080 --> 0:03:17.040 and five million land mines are laid every year new ones. 0:03:16.960 --> 0:03:21.160 And more than one hundred million in over seventy countries 0:03:21.480 --> 0:03:22.239 around the world. 0:03:22.520 --> 0:03:26.880 Yeah, that's a lot in places where there's no war 0:03:27.120 --> 0:03:29.800 conflict going on any longer. That's the big problem with 0:03:29.919 --> 0:03:33.440 land mines. Well, there's a couple of problems. One, they're indiscriminate. 0:03:33.760 --> 0:03:40.320 They don't recognize whether you're a civilian or a soldier. Yeah, 0:03:40.480 --> 0:03:44.800 they stick around long after the conflict is over, and 0:03:45.040 --> 0:03:48.960 they still manage to kill and mame thousands of people 0:03:49.000 --> 0:03:52.360 every year around the world. And apparently it's on an 0:03:52.400 --> 0:03:57.280 upswing thanks to the conflicts in Yemen and Syria and 0:03:57.960 --> 0:03:59.920 some of the work of isis as well. 0:04:00.120 --> 0:04:02.000 Just so depressing, it really is. 0:04:02.760 --> 0:04:07.920 There's nothing really more that like kind of embodies like 0:04:08.600 --> 0:04:14.880 just the mute, killing, maiming aspect of war than a landmine. 0:04:14.880 --> 0:04:17.680 It's just a dumb lump of explosive that you step 0:04:17.720 --> 0:04:19.599 on and it blows you up, you know what I mean. 0:04:19.760 --> 0:04:24.839 Yeah, and especially the year's later effect, which is maybe 0:04:25.120 --> 0:04:29.080 there hasn't been war for two decades and a little 0:04:29.160 --> 0:04:32.200 kid can still come along and say, oh, what's this thing? 0:04:32.839 --> 0:04:34.400 And then they don't have legs? 0:04:34.760 --> 0:04:37.880 Yeah, and the kids thing is is real. So apparently 0:04:38.160 --> 0:04:44.440 landmines kill disproportionately kill civilians way more than soldiers because 0:04:44.440 --> 0:04:46.320 of their ability to be left over after a war, 0:04:46.839 --> 0:04:51.600 and the most recent statistics from twenty sixteen, the majority 0:04:51.640 --> 0:04:54.840 of the civilians killed were children. Yeah, I was, I was, 0:04:54.880 --> 0:04:57.320 Actually I was talking to Yumi about it. She grew 0:04:57.400 --> 0:04:59.720 up on Okinawa and there's a lot of World War 0:04:59.760 --> 0:05:02.839 two unexploded ordinance around there, and she was telling me 0:05:02.880 --> 0:05:05.720 that they used to watch like educational films, saying like, 0:05:06.040 --> 0:05:08.599 if you see something metal in the woods, stay away, 0:05:08.680 --> 0:05:11.040 go tell an adult. Yeah, I'm sure it's like the 0:05:11.480 --> 0:05:13.560 movies they were taught you know. 0:05:13.680 --> 0:05:14.280 Oh, I'm sure. 0:05:14.400 --> 0:05:17.080 Yeah, when you're raised in an area where and we're 0:05:17.120 --> 0:05:20.680 talking about landmines specifically, but in a lot of cases 0:05:20.680 --> 0:05:23.159 they're just unexploded bombs and things like that too. 0:05:23.520 --> 0:05:26.120 Yeah, I know, like they find something like one hundred 0:05:26.160 --> 0:05:29.359 tons of it in Belgium alone every year, most of 0:05:29.400 --> 0:05:34.359 it from World War One. Still. Wow. So but we 0:05:34.400 --> 0:05:36.920 are talking specifically about land mines, which seem to kind 0:05:36.960 --> 0:05:41.600 of bear the focus of the international efforts to get 0:05:41.720 --> 0:05:44.440 rid of them, because they are probably the biggest problem 0:05:44.440 --> 0:05:46.520 of unexploded ordinance today. 0:05:46.800 --> 0:05:49.919 Yeah. Well, should we go back in time here and 0:05:49.960 --> 0:05:50.839 talk about the history? 0:05:51.000 --> 0:05:51.640 Yeah? I think so. 0:05:52.120 --> 0:05:55.760 Yeah, this one was interesting because I don't think a 0:05:55.760 --> 0:05:58.040 lot of people when they hear about landmines know that 0:05:58.120 --> 0:06:02.719 they started in like legit started during the American Civil War. 0:06:03.040 --> 0:06:05.280 No, I thought world War two at the earliest. 0:06:05.680 --> 0:06:06.000 Yeah. 0:06:06.040 --> 0:06:10.520 So in the American Civil War they were called torpedoes 0:06:11.040 --> 0:06:14.800 or subterra shells. There was a man, a North Carolinian 0:06:14.880 --> 0:06:19.120 named Gabriel Rains, who initially fought for the Union, but 0:06:19.240 --> 0:06:22.320 then said, wait a minute, I'm from North Carolina. I'm 0:06:22.320 --> 0:06:23.960 not actually sure how that switch happened. 0:06:24.360 --> 0:06:28.240 He's like North Carolina's with the South ay ya Yai. 0:06:30.000 --> 0:06:32.360 But he was the first person to. 0:06:34.120 --> 0:06:37.640 Sort of play around with these and eventually get a 0:06:37.680 --> 0:06:41.599 patent called the Rains Patent on what essentially was a 0:06:41.720 --> 0:06:45.760 very sort of early crude but effective land mine. 0:06:46.440 --> 0:06:48.720 Yeah, and so this is at a time when like 0:06:48.839 --> 0:06:52.640 pitched battles are still the norm. Sure, where like your 0:06:52.800 --> 0:06:55.960 infantry meets my infantry in a field and like you 0:06:56.000 --> 0:06:57.400 do a bunch of shooting, and then we do a 0:06:57.400 --> 0:07:00.240 bunch of shooting, and then there's advancement under tree and 0:07:00.279 --> 0:07:01.400 cannons and stuff like that. 0:07:01.760 --> 0:07:03.760 Is it our turn to shoot or their turn? I forgot? 0:07:03.920 --> 0:07:07.600 I mean pretty much right, there's people like picnicking watching 0:07:07.640 --> 0:07:11.239 the battle, like that's how that's how staged they were. Yeah, 0:07:11.280 --> 0:07:14.760 and the Confederacy didn't necessarily play by those rules. They 0:07:14.760 --> 0:07:17.840 did in many battles for sure, but they also definitely 0:07:17.880 --> 0:07:22.640 had a gorilla facet to them as well. And this 0:07:22.880 --> 0:07:27.600 definitely screams guerrilla warfare because the Union Army was taken 0:07:27.880 --> 0:07:32.400 totally off guard by the early land mines that they encountered. 0:07:33.120 --> 0:07:36.680 Yeah, and it was not something that was readily accepted 0:07:36.720 --> 0:07:41.600 into warfare. The generals were, well, everyone was scared first 0:07:41.640 --> 0:07:43.800 of all, once they got wind of what these things 0:07:43.840 --> 0:07:46.440 were there all of a sudden, like what like I 0:07:46.440 --> 0:07:49.800 can like we're literally just walking through the woods and 0:07:49.840 --> 0:07:51.320 now we can just die. 0:07:51.640 --> 0:07:53.040 Right and with no enemy nearby. 0:07:53.360 --> 0:07:56.640 And apparently Gabriel Reins himself was one of the first 0:07:56.720 --> 0:07:58.600 to lay a bunch of these from the road to 0:07:58.720 --> 0:08:01.760 Richmond after the defeat of a battle, and that's when 0:08:01.800 --> 0:08:04.640 they first the Union army first encountered these things. 0:08:05.000 --> 0:08:06.960 Well, yeah, so not only were they scared, but then 0:08:07.040 --> 0:08:11.400 the the you know, the hierarchy, the generals were pretty 0:08:11.440 --> 0:08:13.120 ticked off. They were like this is you know, one 0:08:13.160 --> 0:08:15.600 of the quotes is the rebels have been guilty of 0:08:15.640 --> 0:08:19.880 the most murderous and barbarous conduct. So they were not 0:08:20.040 --> 0:08:22.960 welcomed into warfare. They thought it was sort of a 0:08:23.080 --> 0:08:27.240 cheap trick and a dirty, a dirty, rotten thing to do. 0:08:27.640 --> 0:08:30.520 Yeah, and like you said, it scared the troops, it 0:08:30.600 --> 0:08:34.240 upset the generals. And these were not just like land 0:08:34.240 --> 0:08:37.000 mines like we think of them now. They were like 0:08:37.080 --> 0:08:39.400 booby trapped, like they put them in flower sacks, so 0:08:39.440 --> 0:08:42.160 when you reached into a flower sack, boom that blew up. 0:08:42.360 --> 0:08:44.760 They put them around like if the if the Confederates 0:08:44.760 --> 0:08:48.320 abandoned like an outpost, they would put them around the well, 0:08:48.480 --> 0:08:50.920 around the water like places they knew the Union troops 0:08:50.920 --> 0:08:53.240 were going to go, and you could either set them 0:08:53.240 --> 0:08:55.360 off by stepping on them, like a modern land mine, 0:08:55.720 --> 0:08:58.080 or they would attach things like tools to them with 0:08:58.160 --> 0:09:01.079 like a string, so you would bend down and pick 0:09:01.160 --> 0:09:03.400 up the tool and set off this land mine that 0:09:03.520 --> 0:09:07.520 was buried nearby. And at first the Confederates too, some 0:09:07.600 --> 0:09:10.080 of the Confederate higher ups were like, I don't know 0:09:10.280 --> 0:09:14.600 if this is okay, yea, even in a civil war, 0:09:15.200 --> 0:09:18.280 and we're you know, the Confederacy were in some ways 0:09:18.520 --> 0:09:21.079 a gorilla army. I'm not sure we should be using these. 0:09:21.120 --> 0:09:23.599 And then finally after a while they're like, okay, we 0:09:23.960 --> 0:09:26.440 kind of need every tool we can get in the toolbox. 0:09:26.480 --> 0:09:29.760 And they acquiesced and started using them, and they spread 0:09:29.760 --> 0:09:31.240 them all over the South apparently. 0:09:31.720 --> 0:09:35.600 Yeah, and they don't have any figures on the soldiers 0:09:35.600 --> 0:09:38.840 that were killed, but they do know that total between 0:09:39.600 --> 0:09:43.160 the Union and the Confederates thirty five. Well, actually that's 0:09:43.240 --> 0:09:46.640 not true. Thirty five Union ships went down. One Confederate 0:09:46.679 --> 0:09:47.240 ship went. 0:09:47.120 --> 0:09:49.000 Down, which I'm taking was an accident. 0:09:50.600 --> 0:09:55.000 I don't know, maybe yeah, But remarkably it says here 0:09:55.000 --> 0:09:57.040 in this article you sent that they found them they 0:09:57.040 --> 0:09:59.959 were still finding them in the nineteen sixties and alibi. 0:10:01.400 --> 0:10:04.720 Yeah, which makes you wonder, I wonder, like, how many 0:10:04.760 --> 0:10:07.280 are there still out there, like in around Atlanta. 0:10:07.360 --> 0:10:12.400 You know, I don't know, I mean, surely none. Right. 0:10:12.679 --> 0:10:14.760 Well, you would hope also that after this time the 0:10:15.200 --> 0:10:18.439 explosives would have decayed enough after being exposed to whether 0:10:18.520 --> 0:10:21.320 for this long. One of the articles that we used 0:10:21.360 --> 0:10:26.000 said that that land mines, modern land mines have a 0:10:26.800 --> 0:10:30.800 useful life of over fifty years. Surely by now whatever 0:10:30.840 --> 0:10:33.800 they had attached to the Confederate land mines are no 0:10:33.880 --> 0:10:36.080 longer useful, even if you did find them in the woods, 0:10:36.120 --> 0:10:37.800 I would think so, which is not to say you 0:10:37.840 --> 0:10:39.880 should do like a belly flop on it to test 0:10:39.920 --> 0:10:42.880 it out. You find something that even vaguely resembles a 0:10:42.960 --> 0:10:46.080 landmine in the woods of the southeastern United States, run 0:10:46.120 --> 0:10:47.439 and tell somebody, Yeah. 0:10:47.280 --> 0:10:47.680 That is the. 0:10:49.520 --> 0:10:51.640 Worst way to test out whether or not a landmine 0:10:51.679 --> 0:10:53.160 is still capable of working. 0:10:53.360 --> 0:10:57.480 Agreed, is the belly flop method. Yep. So the Civil 0:10:57.520 --> 0:11:00.559 Wars where they got their start, and they came into 0:11:00.640 --> 0:11:03.760 use pretty quickly after they were invented, but it was 0:11:03.880 --> 0:11:07.040 World War One and then really World War Two where 0:11:07.080 --> 0:11:11.240 they really came into focus. And our article from how 0:11:11.280 --> 0:11:16.920 Stuff Works says that the land mines for World War 0:11:16.960 --> 0:11:21.920 one and two were invented to prevent people from picking 0:11:22.040 --> 0:11:25.320 up the land mines that were originally invented to blow 0:11:25.400 --> 0:11:26.679 up tanks. 0:11:27.280 --> 0:11:29.800 Yeah, I mean, there were certain they realized that there 0:11:29.800 --> 0:11:33.640 were a few uses. They could either lay a minefield 0:11:33.720 --> 0:11:37.160 to keep a group of troops and or tanks from 0:11:37.200 --> 0:11:42.000 going to a certain place. Sometimes it was to reroute 0:11:42.200 --> 0:11:45.079 a group of people in tanks to a different area 0:11:45.080 --> 0:11:46.959 because they're like, oh, well, we know that's minefield, so 0:11:46.960 --> 0:11:49.280 we got to go this way, which might play right 0:11:49.280 --> 0:11:50.679 into the plans of the opposition. 0:11:51.600 --> 0:11:52.600 And then sometimes it's. 0:11:52.600 --> 0:11:56.839 Just to slow everybody down until they can get reinforcements. 0:11:57.280 --> 0:11:57.480 Right. 0:11:57.679 --> 0:11:59.520 So, I mean, there is a use for this besides 0:11:59.600 --> 0:12:02.880 just blowing somebody up. There's a larger strategic use. 0:12:02.960 --> 0:12:03.199 For me. 0:12:03.840 --> 0:12:05.640 I hadn't really thought about it. I always thought it 0:12:05.679 --> 0:12:08.760 was just, you know, a nasty way of blowing somebody 0:12:08.840 --> 0:12:11.319 up by chance, you know, But it really does send 0:12:11.360 --> 0:12:15.200 a message too. Which is don't keep going straight, right, 0:12:15.200 --> 0:12:17.040 You're gonna have to go one way or another. Yeah, 0:12:17.080 --> 0:12:20.680 because obviously this place is mined. And really there's only 0:12:20.720 --> 0:12:22.920 one way to find out whether a place is mine too, 0:12:23.280 --> 0:12:27.240 especially during warfare. Like it's not like the enemy posts 0:12:27.280 --> 0:12:31.200 sign that says we've mined this field. Suckers, like you 0:12:31.280 --> 0:12:33.280 find out because one of them goes off, either on 0:12:33.320 --> 0:12:34.840 a tank or one of your soldiers. 0:12:34.880 --> 0:12:37.040 You know, well, yeah, and if one of them goes off, 0:12:37.080 --> 0:12:40.400 it's there. I don't think they were using like random 0:12:40.640 --> 0:12:44.199 rogue land mines. It was more likely a minefield, right. 0:12:45.000 --> 0:12:47.640 So World War two is where they really kind of 0:12:47.640 --> 0:12:49.600 came into play. One of the things I saw is 0:12:49.600 --> 0:12:53.760 that one of so I guess by the numbers, the 0:12:53.960 --> 0:12:57.840 most mind place in the world as far as countries go, 0:12:58.080 --> 0:13:01.720 is Egypt. Oh really, it's like what I mean, by 0:13:01.760 --> 0:13:05.720 a long shot, Egypt has something like I think two 0:13:05.800 --> 0:13:11.480 hundred and thirty million no, sorry, twenty three million minds 0:13:11.559 --> 0:13:15.040 unexploded around Egypt. Egypt's not that big, right, Holy cow. 0:13:15.559 --> 0:13:19.880 I think they have like sixty per square kilometer square 0:13:19.920 --> 0:13:22.280 miles something like that. So they've got twenty three million minds. 0:13:22.440 --> 0:13:25.280 And I was like why Egypt, And it was the 0:13:25.360 --> 0:13:30.360 Nazis during the North African theater fighting in World War Two. 0:13:30.400 --> 0:13:34.480 The Nazis mined all over around there, but apparently Egypt 0:13:34.559 --> 0:13:36.480 got the brunt of it. And there's still twenty three 0:13:36.520 --> 0:13:40.320 million unexploded minds by they estimate in Egypt from World 0:13:40.320 --> 0:13:40.760 War two. 0:13:41.360 --> 0:13:42.280 Should we take a break? 0:13:43.040 --> 0:13:45.000 Yeah's all right, We'll take a break and we'll come 0:13:45.000 --> 0:13:47.840 back and we'll talk about the two main types of 0:13:47.960 --> 0:13:50.959 land mines that we're going to cover today right after. 0:13:50.800 --> 0:13:57.640 This definitely large hous of Egypt. 0:13:59.600 --> 0:14:09.760 Sk as w S k AS good you. 0:14:09.760 --> 0:14:17.600 Should all right, so, uh, for the purposes of this, 0:14:17.880 --> 0:14:19.920 and you know, there are more than three hundred and 0:14:20.000 --> 0:14:23.680 fifty types of minds, so that would be exhaustive. 0:14:23.120 --> 0:14:26.480 To go through all those. But the way our article. 0:14:26.160 --> 0:14:28.160 Breaks it down, which makes sense to me, or in 0:14:28.280 --> 0:14:30.560 the two main groups, which are anti personnel minds and 0:14:30.600 --> 0:14:35.760 anti tank minds, they both do about the same thing, 0:14:35.840 --> 0:14:40.200 which is explode after pressure is put on them. But 0:14:40.360 --> 0:14:42.200 in the cases of a tank, of course, they're going 0:14:42.240 --> 0:14:46.720 to be bigger with more boom and require more weight 0:14:47.640 --> 0:14:50.400 in order to make it go boom, right, more pressure. 0:14:50.720 --> 0:14:57.320 Yeah, So the the the anti anti personnel minds. Those 0:14:57.360 --> 0:14:59.880 are much lighter, much smaller, much cheaper, and I think 0:15:00.080 --> 0:15:04.200 found in much greater abundance around the world. For sure. 0:15:04.040 --> 0:15:08.840 There's one that this article covers called the M fourteen 0:15:09.440 --> 0:15:11.480 blast mind, And we should say there's actually a few 0:15:11.480 --> 0:15:15.160 different types of minds, especially as far as anti personnel 0:15:15.200 --> 0:15:15.720 minds go. 0:15:15.880 --> 0:15:16.000 Right. 0:15:16.200 --> 0:15:20.640 Yeah, so there's this the standard blast mind, which is 0:15:20.680 --> 0:15:24.320 you step on it, it goes boom and bad things 0:15:24.360 --> 0:15:28.120 happen to you as a result. There's the bounding mind 0:15:28.520 --> 0:15:32.760 or bouncing mind. Basically it means the same thing where 0:15:32.960 --> 0:15:38.160 you step on the mind, a fuses lit that ignites 0:15:38.160 --> 0:15:42.480 a propeller charge which shoots the mind upward from under 0:15:42.480 --> 0:15:45.040 the ground just barely covered over by the ground up 0:15:45.120 --> 0:15:48.960 to about chester head height, which then the mine explodes. 0:15:49.440 --> 0:15:51.680 So it's designed to do even worse damage. 0:15:51.840 --> 0:15:55.640 Yeah, those are called bouncing Betty's or german S minds, 0:15:56.840 --> 0:15:59.800 either for spring or shrapnel, and those I think I've 0:15:59.800 --> 0:16:03.200 seen those movies before. That stuff is just nuts. 0:16:03.240 --> 0:16:03.360 Man. 0:16:03.440 --> 0:16:05.080 You step on something and all of a sudden it 0:16:05.880 --> 0:16:08.479 bounces up in the air to about your chest. 0:16:08.600 --> 0:16:11.600 And makes a horrible whizzing sound too. If I remember correctly. 0:16:11.760 --> 0:16:16.000 Yeah, I mean talk about like just sheer intimidation factor too. 0:16:16.280 --> 0:16:19.720 Sure, And so the bouncing mind or the bounding mind 0:16:19.760 --> 0:16:24.760 is meant clearly to kill. The blast mind is meant 0:16:24.760 --> 0:16:27.720 to maim. It's probably it may not kill you, although 0:16:27.760 --> 0:16:30.400 you could die of like your injuries later on from 0:16:30.400 --> 0:16:33.440 like an infection or something like that, or you could 0:16:33.440 --> 0:16:35.840 bleed out if it if it got enough of your 0:16:35.880 --> 0:16:38.800 femoral artery, you would be in big trouble there. But 0:16:38.840 --> 0:16:42.560 it's it's designed mainly just to maim you, take you 0:16:42.640 --> 0:16:45.480 out of commission. Whereas a bounding mind is meant to 0:16:46.320 --> 0:16:49.720 blow you up and kill you. Then there's a fragmentation mind. 0:16:50.240 --> 0:16:53.560 That's the third type of anti personnel mind. And I 0:16:53.600 --> 0:16:55.800 don't I mean, like for those of you out here, 0:16:55.840 --> 0:16:57.520 you can't see me and chuck, but our fingers are 0:16:57.560 --> 0:16:59.720 kind of like digging into the tabletop. 0:17:00.120 --> 0:17:01.320 Yeah, it's all unnerving. 0:17:01.480 --> 0:17:04.320 This is just so grim and gruesome. You know, it's 0:17:04.359 --> 0:17:06.960 not we're not even talking about shooting somebody. It's talking 0:17:06.960 --> 0:17:10.320 about these things designed to blow somebody up or blow 0:17:10.359 --> 0:17:11.359 their leg off, you know. 0:17:11.680 --> 0:17:16.159 Yeah, And I think what's most disconcerting about like a 0:17:16.240 --> 0:17:20.159 minefield of blast minds. Is the purpose to lay a 0:17:20.200 --> 0:17:25.080 minefield of blast minds is to almost certainly re route 0:17:25.080 --> 0:17:28.960 somebody or to keep somebody from going somewhere. So it's 0:17:28.960 --> 0:17:31.400 not like they're saying, we're going to put down three 0:17:31.480 --> 0:17:34.399 hundred minds here because we want to blow off three hundred. 0:17:34.160 --> 0:17:38.480 Feet of soldiers. They just have to scatter them. 0:17:38.560 --> 0:17:42.160 So a couple of people get their feet blown off 0:17:42.200 --> 0:17:43.800 and they go, holy cower in a minefield. 0:17:43.840 --> 0:17:44.960 We got to go a different direction. 0:17:45.880 --> 0:17:48.960 But the residual effect is there's still two hundred and 0:17:49.040 --> 0:17:51.720 ninety eight of those things out there. You know, it's 0:17:51.760 --> 0:17:56.359 like a numbers game. So it's just it's like the 0:17:56.400 --> 0:18:01.720 lowest common denominator of strategy almost Yeah. 0:18:02.480 --> 0:18:05.920 Yeah, but it's effective, which is why they keep using them. 0:18:06.000 --> 0:18:06.480 Yeah. 0:18:06.520 --> 0:18:09.399 And I think also like if the army, the army 0:18:09.400 --> 0:18:12.240 that was retreating laying those mines in their wake, if 0:18:12.280 --> 0:18:14.920 they got three hundred feet blown off, they'd be fine 0:18:14.960 --> 0:18:17.159 with that. Even though that, like you say, that's not 0:18:17.280 --> 0:18:20.000 the that's not the ultimate aim of it. It's to 0:18:20.480 --> 0:18:24.000 redirect people or to stall them until reinforcements can come 0:18:24.000 --> 0:18:24.280 for you. 0:18:24.520 --> 0:18:26.679 Well yeah, and you don't keep going like after it 0:18:26.760 --> 0:18:29.840 happens a couple of times or maybe even once. You 0:18:29.880 --> 0:18:31.880 don't think, well, man, let's just press on and see 0:18:31.920 --> 0:18:32.480 what happens. 0:18:32.640 --> 0:18:34.639 Right, Maybe that was a fluke, Maybe that was a 0:18:34.680 --> 0:18:39.880 geothermal spring, right, and you talked about someone's foot being 0:18:39.920 --> 0:18:43.200 blown off. Supposedly, the nickname for the M fourteen blast mind, 0:18:43.200 --> 0:18:46.119 which we'll talk about in a second, those are called toepoppers, 0:18:46.600 --> 0:18:48.960 which kind of under sells it to me, I think. 0:18:49.160 --> 0:18:49.760 Yeah. 0:18:50.240 --> 0:18:53.440 So the last one, the last type of anti personnel 0:18:53.520 --> 0:18:57.720 mind is a fragmentation mind, and that's meant to get 0:18:57.760 --> 0:19:00.359 a bunch of guys all at once, all around, and 0:19:00.400 --> 0:19:02.960 it may not it may not take off their leg, 0:19:03.000 --> 0:19:04.879 it may not kill anybody, but it's certainly going to 0:19:04.960 --> 0:19:10.440 slow down several soldiers at once because these blow up 0:19:10.640 --> 0:19:12.240 and they shoot fragments everywhere. 0:19:12.520 --> 0:19:14.760 Yeah, like a pretty long way, right. 0:19:15.080 --> 0:19:19.920 So the Claymore mine is an example of a fragmentation 0:19:20.119 --> 0:19:24.040 grenade or a fragmentation mine. And then so too are 0:19:24.080 --> 0:19:27.480 cluster mines, which kind of fall into a different category 0:19:27.560 --> 0:19:31.840 because they're dropped out of bombs, typically drop from aircraft. 0:19:32.280 --> 0:19:35.640 They fall out of cylinders, hundreds of them, and then 0:19:35.760 --> 0:19:37.800 when they hit the ground they blow up. And shoot 0:19:38.119 --> 0:19:41.720 hundreds of fragments. So each of those hundreds of small 0:19:42.119 --> 0:19:45.480 mines shoots out hundreds of fragments. The reason they become 0:19:45.560 --> 0:19:47.840 de facto land mines is because not all of them 0:19:47.880 --> 0:19:50.359 blow up, and so they can be found later and 0:19:50.359 --> 0:19:52.560 then blow up when they're being handled by a kid 0:19:52.680 --> 0:19:54.879 or a curious civilian or something. 0:19:55.160 --> 0:19:58.840 Play more with claymore. Remember that from The Simpsons. No, 0:20:00.000 --> 0:20:00.520 I think it was. 0:20:01.320 --> 0:20:03.040 Well, it was a long time ago, but I think 0:20:03.080 --> 0:20:05.600 that was like a poster in the shop of like 0:20:05.640 --> 0:20:06.680 an army navy. 0:20:06.480 --> 0:20:08.800 Store or something like that guy the guy missing an 0:20:08.920 --> 0:20:12.320 arm Oh maybe so, Yeah, I remember that was like 0:20:12.359 --> 0:20:14.320 one of the first season ones. I'll bet it was 0:20:14.359 --> 0:20:16.080 old for sure. I forgot about him. 0:20:16.119 --> 0:20:18.879 Oh and by the way, our buddy Kevin Pollack just 0:20:18.960 --> 0:20:22.639 guessed it on The Simpsons. After that many years, I 0:20:22.640 --> 0:20:23.959 would have thought he would have been on by now. 0:20:24.000 --> 0:20:26.720 But he did like two or three voices this past week. 0:20:27.000 --> 0:20:29.240 I did not know that. I got to see that one. 0:20:29.320 --> 0:20:30.040 Yeah, that's good. 0:20:30.200 --> 0:20:31.920 How did he do did he crack under pressure? 0:20:32.320 --> 0:20:33.040 Yeah? 0:20:33.080 --> 0:20:34.840 He did a great job. I'm sure he did. 0:20:35.359 --> 0:20:35.639 All right. 0:20:35.680 --> 0:20:40.679 So the M fourteen is these are small like it 0:20:40.680 --> 0:20:43.120 fits in the palm of your hand. It's about an 0:20:43.119 --> 0:20:45.960 inch and a half one point six inches tall and 0:20:46.040 --> 0:20:49.800 about two point two inches in diameter. And we developed 0:20:49.800 --> 0:20:51.920 this here in the US in the nineteen fifties and 0:20:52.000 --> 0:20:54.840 it has been sort of a go to around the 0:20:54.880 --> 0:20:55.800 world since then. 0:20:56.720 --> 0:20:59.560 This one is not a very big. 0:20:59.400 --> 0:21:04.360 Boom, but it does cause damage with these little these 0:21:04.359 --> 0:21:05.520 little silver bebes that. 0:21:05.480 --> 0:21:06.040 It shoots out. 0:21:06.280 --> 0:21:09.879 That's the toepopper one. Yeah, so, oh, it does have 0:21:09.920 --> 0:21:11.480 bebes that it shoots out. I thought it was just 0:21:11.520 --> 0:21:12.680 a straight up blast mine. 0:21:12.760 --> 0:21:14.240 Oh, I thought this one had bbs. 0:21:14.840 --> 0:21:19.320 Maybe I don't know. I know that this I don't know. 0:21:19.400 --> 0:21:22.119