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Speaker 1: Hi, everybody.

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Speaker 2: Chuck here on Saturday with an important show to curate

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Speaker 2: here on this select Saturday. It was an important episode,

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Speaker 2: a pretty depressing one though, because it's about the history

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Speaker 2: of land mines and it's from April tenth, twenty eighteen.

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Speaker 2: Wide land mines are the deadliest legacy of war. Welcome

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Speaker 2: to Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 3: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and

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Speaker 3: there's Charles w Chuck Bryant, and there's Jerry Rowland. Back

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Speaker 3: together again at last, Just like last week.

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Speaker 1: I was about to say, what are you talking about?

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Speaker 3: You know what I'm talking about, willis what you're talking about.

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Speaker 3: Oh that was a pretty good one, subtle, understated. So Chuck,

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Speaker 3: how are you feeling today?

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Speaker 1: I'm kind of tired of this weather.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, it's pretty nasty. Huh Yeah.

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Speaker 2: I mean it's almost April in Atlanta and it's still

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Speaker 2: cold at night.

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Speaker 1: It's during the day for that.

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Speaker 3: It usually like the way that Atlanta is for those

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Speaker 3: who don't know, it'll be cold, cold, cold, like really

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Speaker 3: cold down in the freezing. Sometimes it'll snow and then

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Speaker 3: it'll start to warm up, and then at the end

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Speaker 3: of February boom, one more snow out of nowhere and

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Speaker 3: then spring. That's not how it's going this time. No, No,

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Speaker 3: it's been like real gloomy and dismal. Huh.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I got the sads.

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Speaker 3: It's okay, it'll clear up soon enough. Easters on its way,

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Speaker 3: Peter Rabbit's gonna bring us some sunshine and.

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Speaker 1: Springtime good and poison eggs.

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Speaker 3: Poison eggs. No, you're thinking of Halloween candy. Oh right,

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Speaker 3: so today, Chuck, we're not talking about Halloween or easter

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Speaker 3: or even the weather. We're talking about something that has

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Speaker 3: been come kind of an international global issue, rightfully, so

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Speaker 3: in like the best way possible because in this case,

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Speaker 3: the international community, the global community has kind of come

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Speaker 3: together to try to alleviate a really overlooked problem literally

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Speaker 3: and figuratively overlooked problem land mines.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and has been This isn't like a brand new effort, No,

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Speaker 2: but it's a little daunting to say the least, and

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Speaker 2: depressing it is.

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Speaker 3: There's something like I saw, there's all these really, like

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Speaker 3: you say, depressing statistics all over the place when you

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Speaker 3: look into land mines. Fortunately, although they are daunting, they're

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Speaker 3: not so daunting that people are just like, forget it,

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Speaker 3: We're not even going to do this, right, But I

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Speaker 3: saw something like it would take eleven hundred years at

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Speaker 3: the current pace of progress to remove all the land

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Speaker 3: mines on Earth right now that are buried on Earth,

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Speaker 3: if not another single one is laid.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: Well, part of the problem though, was the number they're

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Speaker 2: laying land mines twenty five times faster. Yes, then we're

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Speaker 2: gathering up old land mines. Yes, yeah, that's the issue.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, it's funny like between two and a half million

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Speaker 3: and five million land mines are laid every year new ones.

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Speaker 2: And more than one hundred million in over seventy countries

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Speaker 2: around the world.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, that's a lot in places where there's no war

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Speaker 3: conflict going on any longer. That's the big problem with

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Speaker 3: land mines. Well, there's a couple of problems. One, they're indiscriminate.

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Speaker 3: They don't recognize whether you're a civilian or a soldier. Yeah,

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Speaker 3: they stick around long after the conflict is over, and

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Speaker 3: they still manage to kill and mame thousands of people

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Speaker 3: every year around the world. And apparently it's on an

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Speaker 3: upswing thanks to the conflicts in Yemen and Syria and

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Speaker 3: some of the work of isis as well.

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Speaker 1: Just so depressing, it really is.

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Speaker 3: There's nothing really more that like kind of embodies like

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Speaker 3: just the mute, killing, maiming aspect of war than a landmine.

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Speaker 3: It's just a dumb lump of explosive that you step

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Speaker 3: on and it blows you up, you know what I mean.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and especially the year's later effect, which is maybe

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Speaker 2: there hasn't been war for two decades and a little

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Speaker 2: kid can still come along and say, oh, what's this thing?

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Speaker 1: And then they don't have legs?

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Speaker 3: Yeah, and the kids thing is is real. So apparently

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Speaker 3: landmines kill disproportionately kill civilians way more than soldiers because

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Speaker 3: of their ability to be left over after a war,

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Speaker 3: and the most recent statistics from twenty sixteen, the majority

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Speaker 3: of the civilians killed were children. Yeah, I was, I was,

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Speaker 3: Actually I was talking to Yumi about it. She grew

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Speaker 3: up on Okinawa and there's a lot of World War

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Speaker 3: two unexploded ordinance around there, and she was telling me

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Speaker 3: that they used to watch like educational films, saying like,

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Speaker 3: if you see something metal in the woods, stay away,

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Speaker 3: go tell an adult. Yeah, I'm sure it's like the

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Speaker 3: movies they were taught you know.

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Speaker 1: Oh, I'm sure.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, when you're raised in an area where and we're

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Speaker 2: talking about landmines specifically, but in a lot of cases

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Speaker 2: they're just unexploded bombs and things like that too.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I know, like they find something like one hundred

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Speaker 3: tons of it in Belgium alone every year, most of

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Speaker 3: it from World War One. Still. Wow. So but we

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Speaker 3: are talking specifically about land mines, which seem to kind

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Speaker 3: of bear the focus of the international efforts to get

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Speaker 3: rid of them, because they are probably the biggest problem

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Speaker 3: of unexploded ordinance today.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. Well, should we go back in time here and

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Speaker 2: talk about the history?

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Speaker 3: Yeah? I think so.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, this one was interesting because I don't think a

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Speaker 2: lot of people when they hear about landmines know that

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Speaker 2: they started in like legit started during the American Civil War.

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Speaker 3: No, I thought world War two at the earliest.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: So in the American Civil War they were called torpedoes

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Speaker 2: or subterra shells. There was a man, a North Carolinian

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Speaker 2: named Gabriel Rains, who initially fought for the Union, but

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Speaker 2: then said, wait a minute, I'm from North Carolina. I'm

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Speaker 2: not actually sure how that switch happened.

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Speaker 3: He's like North Carolina's with the South ay ya Yai.

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Speaker 1: But he was the first person to.

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Speaker 2: Sort of play around with these and eventually get a

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Speaker 2: patent called the Rains Patent on what essentially was a

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Speaker 2: very sort of early crude but effective land mine.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, and so this is at a time when like

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Speaker 3: pitched battles are still the norm. Sure, where like your

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Speaker 3: infantry meets my infantry in a field and like you

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Speaker 3: do a bunch of shooting, and then we do a

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Speaker 3: bunch of shooting, and then there's advancement under tree and

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Speaker 3: cannons and stuff like that.

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Speaker 1: Is it our turn to shoot or their turn? I forgot?

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Speaker 3: I mean pretty much right, there's people like picnicking watching

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Speaker 3: the battle, like that's how that's how staged they were. Yeah,

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Speaker 3: and the Confederacy didn't necessarily play by those rules. They

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Speaker 3: did in many battles for sure, but they also definitely

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Speaker 3: had a gorilla facet to them as well. And this

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Speaker 3: definitely screams guerrilla warfare because the Union Army was taken

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Speaker 3: totally off guard by the early land mines that they encountered.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and it was not something that was readily accepted

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Speaker 2: into warfare. The generals were, well, everyone was scared first

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Speaker 2: of all, once they got wind of what these things

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Speaker 2: were there all of a sudden, like what like I

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Speaker 2: can like we're literally just walking through the woods and

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Speaker 2: now we can just die.

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Speaker 1: Right and with no enemy nearby.

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Speaker 3: And apparently Gabriel Reins himself was one of the first

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Speaker 3: to lay a bunch of these from the road to

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Speaker 3: Richmond after the defeat of a battle, and that's when

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Speaker 3: they first the Union army first encountered these things.

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Speaker 2: Well, yeah, so not only were they scared, but then

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Speaker 2: the the you know, the hierarchy, the generals were pretty

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Speaker 2: ticked off. They were like this is you know, one

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Speaker 2: of the quotes is the rebels have been guilty of

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Speaker 2: the most murderous and barbarous conduct. So they were not

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Speaker 2: welcomed into warfare. They thought it was sort of a

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Speaker 2: cheap trick and a dirty, a dirty, rotten thing to do.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, and like you said, it scared the troops, it

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Speaker 3: upset the generals. And these were not just like land

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Speaker 3: mines like we think of them now. They were like

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Speaker 3: booby trapped, like they put them in flower sacks, so

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Speaker 3: when you reached into a flower sack, boom that blew up.

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Speaker 3: They put them around like if the if the Confederates

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Speaker 3: abandoned like an outpost, they would put them around the well,

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Speaker 3: around the water like places they knew the Union troops

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Speaker 3: were going to go, and you could either set them

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Speaker 3: off by stepping on them, like a modern land mine,

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Speaker 3: or they would attach things like tools to them with

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Speaker 3: like a string, so you would bend down and pick

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Speaker 3: up the tool and set off this land mine that

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Speaker 3: was buried nearby. And at first the Confederates too, some

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Speaker 3: of the Confederate higher ups were like, I don't know

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Speaker 3: if this is okay, yea, even in a civil war,

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Speaker 3: and we're you know, the Confederacy were in some ways

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Speaker 3: a gorilla army. I'm not sure we should be using these.

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Speaker 3: And then finally after a while they're like, okay, we

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Speaker 3: kind of need every tool we can get in the toolbox.

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Speaker 3: And they acquiesced and started using them, and they spread

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Speaker 3: them all over the South apparently.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and they don't have any figures on the soldiers

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Speaker 2: that were killed, but they do know that total between

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Speaker 2: the Union and the Confederates thirty five. Well, actually that's

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Speaker 2: not true. Thirty five Union ships went down. One Confederate

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Speaker 2: ship went.

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Speaker 3: Down, which I'm taking was an accident.

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Speaker 2: I don't know, maybe yeah, But remarkably it says here

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Speaker 2: in this article you sent that they found them they

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Speaker 2: were still finding them in the nineteen sixties and alibi.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, which makes you wonder, I wonder, like, how many

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Speaker 3: are there still out there, like in around Atlanta.

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Speaker 1: You know, I don't know, I mean, surely none. Right.

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Speaker 3: Well, you would hope also that after this time the

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Speaker 3: explosives would have decayed enough after being exposed to whether

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Speaker 3: for this long. One of the articles that we used

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Speaker 3: said that that land mines, modern land mines have a

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Speaker 3: useful life of over fifty years. Surely by now whatever

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Speaker 3: they had attached to the Confederate land mines are no

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Speaker 3: longer useful, even if you did find them in the woods,

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Speaker 3: I would think so, which is not to say you

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Speaker 3: should do like a belly flop on it to test

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Speaker 3: it out. You find something that even vaguely resembles a

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Speaker 3: landmine in the woods of the southeastern United States, run

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Speaker 3: and tell somebody, Yeah.

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Speaker 1: That is the.

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Speaker 2: Worst way to test out whether or not a landmine

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Speaker 2: is still capable of working.

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Speaker 3: Agreed, is the belly flop method. Yep. So the Civil

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Speaker 3: Wars where they got their start, and they came into

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Speaker 3: use pretty quickly after they were invented, but it was

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Speaker 3: World War One and then really World War Two where

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Speaker 3: they really came into focus. And our article from how

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Speaker 3: Stuff Works says that the land mines for World War

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Speaker 3: one and two were invented to prevent people from picking

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Speaker 3: up the land mines that were originally invented to blow

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Speaker 3: up tanks.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean, there were certain they realized that there

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Speaker 2: were a few uses. They could either lay a minefield

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Speaker 2: to keep a group of troops and or tanks from

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Speaker 2: going to a certain place. Sometimes it was to reroute

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Speaker 2: a group of people in tanks to a different area

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Speaker 2: because they're like, oh, well, we know that's minefield, so

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Speaker 2: we got to go this way, which might play right

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Speaker 2: into the plans of the opposition.

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Speaker 1: And then sometimes it's.

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Speaker 2: Just to slow everybody down until they can get reinforcements.

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Speaker 1: Right.

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Speaker 3: So, I mean, there is a use for this besides

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Speaker 3: just blowing somebody up. There's a larger strategic use.

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Speaker 1: For me.

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Speaker 3: I hadn't really thought about it. I always thought it

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Speaker 3: was just, you know, a nasty way of blowing somebody

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Speaker 3: up by chance, you know, But it really does send

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Speaker 3: a message too. Which is don't keep going straight, right,

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Speaker 3: You're gonna have to go one way or another. Yeah,

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Speaker 3: because obviously this place is mined. And really there's only

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Speaker 3: one way to find out whether a place is mine too,

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Speaker 3: especially during warfare. Like it's not like the enemy posts

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Speaker 3: sign that says we've mined this field. Suckers, like you

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Speaker 3: find out because one of them goes off, either on

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Speaker 3: a tank or one of your soldiers.

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Speaker 2: You know, well, yeah, and if one of them goes off,

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Speaker 2: it's there. I don't think they were using like random

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Speaker 2: rogue land mines. It was more likely a minefield, right.

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Speaker 3: So World War two is where they really kind of

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Speaker 3: came into play. One of the things I saw is

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Speaker 3: that one of so I guess by the numbers, the

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Speaker 3: most mind place in the world as far as countries go,

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Speaker 3: is Egypt. Oh really, it's like what I mean, by

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Speaker 3: a long shot, Egypt has something like I think two

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Speaker 3: hundred and thirty million no, sorry, twenty three million minds

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Speaker 3: unexploded around Egypt. Egypt's not that big, right, Holy cow.

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Speaker 3: I think they have like sixty per square kilometer square

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Speaker 3: miles something like that. So they've got twenty three million minds.

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Speaker 3: And I was like why Egypt, And it was the

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Speaker 3: Nazis during the North African theater fighting in World War Two.

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Speaker 3: The Nazis mined all over around there, but apparently Egypt

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Speaker 3: got the brunt of it. And there's still twenty three

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Speaker 3: million unexploded minds by they estimate in Egypt from World

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Speaker 3: War two.

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Speaker 1: Should we take a break?

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Speaker 2: Yeah's all right, We'll take a break and we'll come

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Speaker 2: back and we'll talk about the two main types of

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Speaker 2: land mines that we're going to cover today right after.

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Speaker 3: This definitely large hous of Egypt.

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Speaker 4: Sk as w S k AS good you.

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Speaker 2: Should all right, so, uh, for the purposes of this,

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Speaker 2: and you know, there are more than three hundred and

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Speaker 2: fifty types of minds, so that would be exhaustive.

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Speaker 1: To go through all those. But the way our article.

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Speaker 2: Breaks it down, which makes sense to me, or in

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Speaker 2: the two main groups, which are anti personnel minds and

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Speaker 2: anti tank minds, they both do about the same thing,

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Speaker 2: which is explode after pressure is put on them. But

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Speaker 2: in the cases of a tank, of course, they're going

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Speaker 2: to be bigger with more boom and require more weight

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Speaker 2: in order to make it go boom, right, more pressure.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, So the the the anti anti personnel minds. Those

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Speaker 3: are much lighter, much smaller, much cheaper, and I think

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Speaker 3: found in much greater abundance around the world. For sure.

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Speaker 3: There's one that this article covers called the M fourteen

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Speaker 3: blast mind, And we should say there's actually a few

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Speaker 3: different types of minds, especially as far as anti personnel

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Speaker 3: minds go.

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Speaker 4: Right.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, so there's this the standard blast mind, which is

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Speaker 3: you step on it, it goes boom and bad things

279
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Speaker 3: happen to you as a result. There's the bounding mind

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Speaker 3: or bouncing mind. Basically it means the same thing where

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Speaker 3: you step on the mind, a fuses lit that ignites

282
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Speaker 3: a propeller charge which shoots the mind upward from under

283
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Speaker 3: the ground just barely covered over by the ground up

284
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Speaker 3: to about chester head height, which then the mine explodes.

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Speaker 3: So it's designed to do even worse damage.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, those are called bouncing Betty's or german S minds,

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Speaker 2: either for spring or shrapnel, and those I think I've

288
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Speaker 2: seen those movies before. That stuff is just nuts.

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Speaker 3: Man.

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Speaker 2: You step on something and all of a sudden it

291
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Speaker 2: bounces up in the air to about your chest.

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Speaker 3: And makes a horrible whizzing sound too. If I remember correctly.

293
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Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean talk about like just sheer intimidation factor too.

294
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Speaker 3: Sure, And so the bouncing mind or the bounding mind

295
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Speaker 3: is meant clearly to kill. The blast mind is meant

296
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Speaker 3: to maim. It's probably it may not kill you, although

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Speaker 3: you could die of like your injuries later on from

298
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Speaker 3: like an infection or something like that, or you could

299
00:16:33,440 --> 00:16:35,840
Speaker 3: bleed out if it if it got enough of your

300
00:16:35,880 --> 00:16:38,800
Speaker 3: femoral artery, you would be in big trouble there. But

301
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Speaker 3: it's it's designed mainly just to maim you, take you

302
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Speaker 3: out of commission. Whereas a bounding mind is meant to

303
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Speaker 3: blow you up and kill you. Then there's a fragmentation mind.

304
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Speaker 3: That's the third type of anti personnel mind. And I

305
00:16:53,600 --> 00:16:55,800
Speaker 3: don't I mean, like for those of you out here,

306
00:16:55,840 --> 00:16:57,520
Speaker 3: you can't see me and chuck, but our fingers are

307
00:16:57,560 --> 00:16:59,720
Speaker 3: kind of like digging into the tabletop.

308
00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:01,320
Speaker 1: Yeah, it's all unnerving.

309
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Speaker 3: This is just so grim and gruesome. You know, it's

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Speaker 3: not we're not even talking about shooting somebody. It's talking

311
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Speaker 3: about these things designed to blow somebody up or blow

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Speaker 3: their leg off, you know.

313
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Speaker 2: Yeah, And I think what's most disconcerting about like a

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Speaker 2: minefield of blast minds. Is the purpose to lay a

315
00:17:20,200 --> 00:17:25,080
Speaker 2: minefield of blast minds is to almost certainly re route

316
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Speaker 2: somebody or to keep somebody from going somewhere. So it's

317
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Speaker 2: not like they're saying, we're going to put down three

318
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Speaker 2: hundred minds here because we want to blow off three hundred.

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Speaker 1: Feet of soldiers. They just have to scatter them.

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Speaker 2: So a couple of people get their feet blown off

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Speaker 2: and they go, holy cower in a minefield.

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Speaker 1: We got to go a different direction.

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Speaker 2: But the residual effect is there's still two hundred and

324
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Speaker 2: ninety eight of those things out there. You know, it's

325
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Speaker 2: like a numbers game. So it's just it's like the

326
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Speaker 2: lowest common denominator of strategy almost Yeah.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, but it's effective, which is why they keep using them.

328
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Speaker 1: Yeah.

329
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Speaker 3: And I think also like if the army, the army

330
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Speaker 3: that was retreating laying those mines in their wake, if

331
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Speaker 3: they got three hundred feet blown off, they'd be fine

332
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Speaker 3: with that. Even though that, like you say, that's not

333
00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:20,000
Speaker 3: the that's not the ultimate aim of it. It's to

334
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Speaker 3: redirect people or to stall them until reinforcements can come

335
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Speaker 3: for you.

336
00:18:24,520 --> 00:18:26,679
Speaker 2: Well yeah, and you don't keep going like after it

337
00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:29,840
Speaker 2: happens a couple of times or maybe even once. You

338
00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:31,880
Speaker 2: don't think, well, man, let's just press on and see

339
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Speaker 2: what happens.

340
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Speaker 3: Right, Maybe that was a fluke, Maybe that was a

341
00:18:34,680 --> 00:18:39,880
Speaker 3: geothermal spring, right, and you talked about someone's foot being

342
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Speaker 3: blown off. Supposedly, the nickname for the M fourteen blast mind,

343
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Speaker 3: which we'll talk about in a second, those are called toepoppers,

344
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Speaker 3: which kind of under sells it to me, I think.

345
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Speaker 1: Yeah.

346
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Speaker 3: So the last one, the last type of anti personnel

347
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Speaker 3: mind is a fragmentation mind, and that's meant to get

348
00:18:57,760 --> 00:19:00,359
Speaker 3: a bunch of guys all at once, all around, and

349
00:19:00,400 --> 00:19:02,960
Speaker 3: it may not it may not take off their leg,

350
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Speaker 3: it may not kill anybody, but it's certainly going to

351
00:19:04,960 --> 00:19:10,440
Speaker 3: slow down several soldiers at once because these blow up

352
00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:12,240
Speaker 3: and they shoot fragments everywhere.

353
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Speaker 1: Yeah, like a pretty long way, right.

354
00:19:15,080 --> 00:19:19,920
Speaker 3: So the Claymore mine is an example of a fragmentation

355
00:19:20,119 --> 00:19:24,040
Speaker 3: grenade or a fragmentation mine. And then so too are

356
00:19:24,080 --> 00:19:27,480
Speaker 3: cluster mines, which kind of fall into a different category

357
00:19:27,560 --> 00:19:31,840
Speaker 3: because they're dropped out of bombs, typically drop from aircraft.

358
00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:35,640
Speaker 3: They fall out of cylinders, hundreds of them, and then

359
00:19:35,760 --> 00:19:37,800
Speaker 3: when they hit the ground they blow up. And shoot

360
00:19:38,119 --> 00:19:41,720
Speaker 3: hundreds of fragments. So each of those hundreds of small

361
00:19:42,119 --> 00:19:45,480
Speaker 3: mines shoots out hundreds of fragments. The reason they become

362
00:19:45,560 --> 00:19:47,840
Speaker 3: de facto land mines is because not all of them

363
00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:50,359
Speaker 3: blow up, and so they can be found later and

364
00:19:50,359 --> 00:19:52,560
Speaker 3: then blow up when they're being handled by a kid

365
00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:54,879
Speaker 3: or a curious civilian or something.

366
00:19:55,160 --> 00:19:58,840
Speaker 1: Play more with claymore. Remember that from The Simpsons. No,

367
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:00,520
Speaker 1: I think it was.

368
00:20:01,320 --> 00:20:03,040
Speaker 2: Well, it was a long time ago, but I think

369
00:20:03,080 --> 00:20:05,600
Speaker 2: that was like a poster in the shop of like

370
00:20:05,640 --> 00:20:06,680
Speaker 2: an army navy.

371
00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:08,800
Speaker 3: Store or something like that guy the guy missing an

372
00:20:08,920 --> 00:20:12,320
Speaker 3: arm Oh maybe so, Yeah, I remember that was like

373
00:20:12,359 --> 00:20:14,320
Speaker 3: one of the first season ones. I'll bet it was

374
00:20:14,359 --> 00:20:16,080
Speaker 3: old for sure. I forgot about him.

375
00:20:16,119 --> 00:20:18,879
Speaker 2: Oh and by the way, our buddy Kevin Pollack just

376
00:20:18,960 --> 00:20:22,639
Speaker 2: guessed it on The Simpsons. After that many years, I

377
00:20:22,640 --> 00:20:23,959
Speaker 2: would have thought he would have been on by now.

378
00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:26,720
Speaker 2: But he did like two or three voices this past week.

379
00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:29,240
Speaker 3: I did not know that. I got to see that one.

380
00:20:29,320 --> 00:20:30,040
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's good.

381
00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:31,920
Speaker 3: How did he do did he crack under pressure?

382
00:20:32,320 --> 00:20:33,040
Speaker 1: Yeah?

383
00:20:33,080 --> 00:20:34,840
Speaker 3: He did a great job. I'm sure he did.

384
00:20:35,359 --> 00:20:35,639
Speaker 1: All right.

385
00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:40,679
Speaker 2: So the M fourteen is these are small like it

386
00:20:40,680 --> 00:20:43,120
Speaker 2: fits in the palm of your hand. It's about an

387
00:20:43,119 --> 00:20:45,960
Speaker 2: inch and a half one point six inches tall and

388
00:20:46,040 --> 00:20:49,800
Speaker 2: about two point two inches in diameter. And we developed

389
00:20:49,800 --> 00:20:51,920
Speaker 2: this here in the US in the nineteen fifties and

390
00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:54,840
Speaker 2: it has been sort of a go to around the

391
00:20:54,880 --> 00:20:55,800
Speaker 2: world since then.

392
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Speaker 1: This one is not a very big.

393
00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:04,360
Speaker 2: Boom, but it does cause damage with these little these

394
00:21:04,359 --> 00:21:05,520
Speaker 2: little silver bebes that.

395
00:21:05,480 --> 00:21:06,040
Speaker 1: It shoots out.

396
00:21:06,280 --> 00:21:09,879
Speaker 3: That's the toepopper one. Yeah, so, oh, it does have

397
00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:11,480
Speaker 3: bebes that it shoots out. I thought it was just

398
00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:12,680
Speaker 3: a straight up blast mine.

399
00:21:12,760 --> 00:21:14,240
Speaker 1: Oh, I thought this one had bbs.

400
00:21:14,840 --> 00:21:19,320
Speaker 3: Maybe I don't know. I know that this I don't know.

401
00:21:19,400 --> 00:21:22,119
Speaker 3: Possibly it could be modified. But it is small and

402
00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:25,360
Speaker 3: it looks like a mean little hockey puck basically, yeah,

403
00:21:25,440 --> 00:21:27,960
Speaker 3: the meanest the whole the And one of the things

404
00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:31,399
Speaker 3: that you're going to find in minds throughout the world

405
00:21:31,560 --> 00:21:35,359
Speaker 3: is something that's called a Belleville spring, and it's basically

406
00:21:35,440 --> 00:21:39,959
Speaker 3: like a washer that you put on, well a bolt.

407
00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:41,760
Speaker 3: You know, what else are you going to put a

408
00:21:41,880 --> 00:21:44,760
Speaker 3: washer on, you weirdo? So it's a washer, but it's

409
00:21:44,840 --> 00:21:49,520
Speaker 3: kind of popped upward on one side, so the Belleville

410
00:21:49,560 --> 00:21:52,840
Speaker 3: spring holds up the firing pin. But when you put

411
00:21:52,920 --> 00:21:55,280
Speaker 3: enough pressure on it and you overcome the pressure, the

412
00:21:55,320 --> 00:21:58,080
Speaker 3: upward pressure being exerted by the Belleville spring, it kind

413
00:21:58,080 --> 00:22:01,479
Speaker 3: of pops downward and when it does that, it taps

414
00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:04,760
Speaker 3: that firing pin which shoots down into the detonator. It's

415
00:22:04,880 --> 00:22:09,320
Speaker 3: really cheap, really easy to use, and really effective, and

416
00:22:09,359 --> 00:22:13,000
Speaker 3: it's found through in minds of all different types and varieties.

417
00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:15,880
Speaker 3: It's usually the thing holding everything in place, and then

418
00:22:16,320 --> 00:22:19,040
Speaker 3: that's what pressure overcomes, is a Belleville spring, and they're

419
00:22:19,040 --> 00:22:21,160
Speaker 3: found in the M fourteen minds as well.

420
00:22:21,480 --> 00:22:24,800
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's sort of like the hand grenade. It's not

421
00:22:24,840 --> 00:22:29,959
Speaker 2: a very sophisticated piece of gear. It's very kind of rudimentary.

422
00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:32,800
Speaker 2: On all of them, there's some sort of safety clip,

423
00:22:33,320 --> 00:22:36,359
Speaker 2: just like a grenade. You remove the clip and usually

424
00:22:36,400 --> 00:22:39,040
Speaker 2: there's some sort of switch that either says I mean,

425
00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:42,359
Speaker 2: it doesn't say this, but basically it says either boom

426
00:22:42,480 --> 00:22:45,080
Speaker 2: or no boom, and you switch it to boom and

427
00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:48,600
Speaker 2: set it down and walk away, yeah backwards, I assume.

428
00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:52,800
Speaker 3: Yeah, slowly, and yeah, you cover it up me with

429
00:22:52,840 --> 00:22:55,000
Speaker 3: some leaves, a little bit of dirt, just enough so

430
00:22:55,040 --> 00:22:57,159
Speaker 3: that it can't be seen, but not enough that you

431
00:22:57,200 --> 00:22:59,760
Speaker 3: would dampen the blast at all or make it so

432
00:22:59,800 --> 00:23:02,000
Speaker 3: that any of the pressures damp them. And all it

433
00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:04,720
Speaker 3: takes is like twenty pounds or nine kilograms of pressure

434
00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:08,080
Speaker 3: from say somebody stepping on it, and that sets off

435
00:23:08,119 --> 00:23:12,280
Speaker 3: the I think it's got something like how many grams of.

436
00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:15,240
Speaker 1: Tetral third thirty one in the fourteen.

437
00:23:15,600 --> 00:23:17,960
Speaker 3: So that's again that's not very much, but it's enough

438
00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:20,640
Speaker 3: that you will, say, lose your foot, or if you're

439
00:23:20,640 --> 00:23:23,000
Speaker 3: stepping directly on it, you may lose part of your leg,

440
00:23:23,200 --> 00:23:25,720
Speaker 3: and not necessarily right then, but you may have to

441
00:23:25,760 --> 00:23:28,840
Speaker 3: have it amputated later on, which makes it even nastier.

442
00:23:29,160 --> 00:23:31,440
Speaker 3: I understand the point of this. It's like there's one

443
00:23:31,480 --> 00:23:35,000
Speaker 3: soldier who's not fighting anymore. He's over there sapping the

444
00:23:35,000 --> 00:23:40,680
Speaker 3: healthcare resources of the medical core. I mean, that's that's

445
00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:43,919
Speaker 3: a that's a lifelong entry. That's a nasty thing to

446
00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:49,280
Speaker 3: put down as a three dollar a three dollars weapon

447
00:23:49,520 --> 00:23:53,320
Speaker 3: that's just left behind under the dirt, by the hundreds,

448
00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:56,000
Speaker 3: by the thousands, by the millions apparently every year.

449
00:23:56,080 --> 00:23:58,520
Speaker 2: Yeah, imagine that setting these is a little unnerving too,

450
00:23:58,640 --> 00:24:02,440
Speaker 2: Like I know that technically, even for these small ones.

451
00:24:02,480 --> 00:24:06,440
Speaker 2: It takes, however, many pounds of pressure. But it's still

452
00:24:06,480 --> 00:24:09,280
Speaker 2: probably a little bit unnerving when you flip that thing

453
00:24:09,320 --> 00:24:11,679
Speaker 2: to on and keep a little dirt on top of it.

454
00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:13,760
Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean you don't want to like throw a

455
00:24:13,800 --> 00:24:16,320
Speaker 3: dirt chunk on it or anything like that. Yeah. Or

456
00:24:16,359 --> 00:24:18,480
Speaker 3: what about being the guy who drives the truck that

457
00:24:18,520 --> 00:24:21,240
Speaker 3: has crates full of those things in the back. Yeah,

458
00:24:21,520 --> 00:24:23,520
Speaker 3: you're just hoping that all of them have the safety

459
00:24:23,560 --> 00:24:27,080
Speaker 3: in Yeah. So that's the M fourteen. That's the one

460
00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:30,320
Speaker 3: that's probably the most common throughout the world, mostly because

461
00:24:30,320 --> 00:24:32,399
Speaker 3: it's the cheapest. Like I said, it costs about three

462
00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:36,600
Speaker 3: US dollars to make one of those things, although supposedly

463
00:24:36,800 --> 00:24:40,760
Speaker 3: it costs about one thousand dollars to remove one man. Well,

464
00:24:40,800 --> 00:24:42,680
Speaker 3: that's part of the problem too, Yeah for sure.

465
00:24:43,040 --> 00:24:45,000
Speaker 1: So the M sixteen is another kind.

466
00:24:45,080 --> 00:24:48,760
Speaker 2: This is one of the bounding or fragmentation minds that

467
00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:51,600
Speaker 2: we're talking about that pop up from the ground, and

468
00:24:51,640 --> 00:24:55,680
Speaker 2: that has three main components, the mind fuse propelling charge

469
00:24:55,720 --> 00:24:58,280
Speaker 2: to lift it out, like you said, and then this

470
00:24:58,480 --> 00:24:59,480
Speaker 2: cast iron housing.

471
00:24:59,560 --> 00:25:00,719
Speaker 1: And it is it is bigger.

472
00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:04,639
Speaker 2: It's about almost eight inches tall and about five inches

473
00:25:04,640 --> 00:25:07,880
Speaker 2: in diameter. And it has about a little over one

474
00:25:07,960 --> 00:25:11,960
Speaker 2: pounds of T and T inside, so that's quite a

475
00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:12,879
Speaker 2: bit of boom going on.

476
00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:16,360
Speaker 3: Yes, and again when you either step on the thing

477
00:25:16,440 --> 00:25:19,800
Speaker 3: and you overcome the pressure from the Bellville spring or

478
00:25:19,920 --> 00:25:22,040
Speaker 3: I think these things can also be booby trapped, so

479
00:25:22,160 --> 00:25:27,440
Speaker 3: like a wire can be attached to the firing pin.

480
00:25:27,560 --> 00:25:32,920
Speaker 3: Either way, the firing pin shoots down, ignites that percussion cap,

481
00:25:33,119 --> 00:25:36,320
Speaker 3: which sends the thing upward, and then a second detonator

482
00:25:36,359 --> 00:25:39,960
Speaker 3: that's been on a delay fuse explodes once it reaches

483
00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:41,880
Speaker 3: about three feet or a meter into the air.

484
00:25:42,359 --> 00:25:42,600
Speaker 1: Yeah.

485
00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:44,840
Speaker 2: I think one of the scariest parts of this one

486
00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:47,680
Speaker 2: too is, at least in the movies, there's like that

487
00:25:47,720 --> 00:25:51,639
Speaker 2: split second where you're a soldier and you see that

488
00:25:51,680 --> 00:25:53,440
Speaker 2: thing pop up in the air and you know what's

489
00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:54,640
Speaker 2: coming right.

490
00:25:55,119 --> 00:25:58,879
Speaker 3: Yeah, With a regular old blast mine, it's like step boom.

491
00:25:59,359 --> 00:26:01,640
Speaker 3: You know, you probably don't have much of a chance

492
00:26:01,680 --> 00:26:05,040
Speaker 3: to register that you just stepped on something. Whereas yeah,

493
00:26:05,119 --> 00:26:08,280
Speaker 3: that fragmentation mine, and again, like the sound that it

494
00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:12,640
Speaker 3: makes is just horrifically unnerving. Yeah, well, I should say,

495
00:26:12,640 --> 00:26:14,040
Speaker 3: at least from the movies.

496
00:26:13,840 --> 00:26:17,520
Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, when movies are always right, yeah, speaking of

497
00:26:17,520 --> 00:26:20,159
Speaker 2: movies though, like in the hurt Locker I know, and

498
00:26:20,240 --> 00:26:25,200
Speaker 2: I've seen in other movies like I think, generally step

499
00:26:25,200 --> 00:26:28,160
Speaker 2: on it and once that pressure is released is when

500
00:26:28,160 --> 00:26:33,720
Speaker 2: the boom happens. So I remember episodes of maybe Mash

501
00:26:33,800 --> 00:26:35,840
Speaker 2: and other like war movies I've seen there have been

502
00:26:36,960 --> 00:26:39,679
Speaker 2: like soldiers would step on one and hear the click

503
00:26:40,440 --> 00:26:42,480
Speaker 2: and then be like, well, I've got to stand on

504
00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:43,960
Speaker 2: this thing now until we figure it out.

505
00:26:44,359 --> 00:26:47,760
Speaker 3: Right. I was under that impression too, But nowhere in

506
00:26:47,840 --> 00:26:50,440
Speaker 3: my research did I find that to be the case.

507
00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:53,200
Speaker 3: Oh really, Yeah. For me, everything I saw was once

508
00:26:53,240 --> 00:26:56,639
Speaker 3: you step on it and that pressure overcomes the Belleville spring,

509
00:26:57,040 --> 00:27:00,840
Speaker 3: the firing pin is shot downward into the debt cap,

510
00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:03,359
Speaker 3: and then once that happens, or the detonator I should say,

511
00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:07,040
Speaker 3: once that happens, the whole thing explodes. There's not like

512
00:27:07,119 --> 00:27:10,320
Speaker 3: a once you lift up, then the pressure or the

513
00:27:10,320 --> 00:27:11,439
Speaker 3: firing pin has dropped.

514
00:27:11,640 --> 00:27:14,320
Speaker 2: My guess is that they did not completely create that

515
00:27:14,359 --> 00:27:16,200
Speaker 2: out of whole cloth, and out of the three hundred

516
00:27:16,200 --> 00:27:18,760
Speaker 2: and fifty types of land mines that some of them

517
00:27:18,800 --> 00:27:19,359
Speaker 2: probably do that.

518
00:27:19,760 --> 00:27:22,160
Speaker 3: Yeah, you're probably right. I'm just saying I didn't run

519
00:27:22,160 --> 00:27:25,000
Speaker 3: across any that had that, and I noticed that as well.

520
00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:28,239
Speaker 2: So next up we have the tank mines that we

521
00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:32,720
Speaker 2: were talking about with the arrival of tanks, basically is

522
00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:36,880
Speaker 2: when we started getting these anti tank mines. And they're

523
00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:40,160
Speaker 2: much much larger and they require at least like three

524
00:27:40,240 --> 00:27:43,879
Speaker 2: hundred plus pounds of pressure. So unless you're a big

525
00:27:43,920 --> 00:27:47,440
Speaker 2: boy soldier, then you're not going to detonate them by

526
00:27:47,440 --> 00:27:50,719
Speaker 2: stepping on them. It's still probably Again, I don't think

527
00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:53,560
Speaker 2: you would give that a try and say, only Wig

528
00:27:53,640 --> 00:27:55,400
Speaker 2: two seventy five, let me show what happens.

529
00:27:55,520 --> 00:28:00,880
Speaker 1: Yeah, but those are built to disable a tank.

530
00:28:00,960 --> 00:28:03,280
Speaker 2: Sometimes it can have so much boom that it can

531
00:28:03,560 --> 00:28:05,760
Speaker 2: it can kill people around it, but generally it's to

532
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:09,159
Speaker 2: blow the tracks off of the tank.

533
00:28:09,359 --> 00:28:13,000
Speaker 3: Right and yeah, and so once the tank is disabled,

534
00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:18,160
Speaker 3: that's a big Yeah, that's a big win. So again,

535
00:28:18,240 --> 00:28:20,959
Speaker 3: they started making those, from what I can understand as

536
00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:23,080
Speaker 3: far as World War One goes, they made those first,

537
00:28:23,560 --> 00:28:26,560
Speaker 3: and then they made the anti personnel ones to keep

538
00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:29,159
Speaker 3: people from just going up and picking up the mines

539
00:28:29,200 --> 00:28:30,000
Speaker 3: and removing them.

540
00:28:30,600 --> 00:28:33,439
Speaker 2: Yeah, so like they'll surround an anti tank mine with

541
00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:35,920
Speaker 2: several anti personnel.

542
00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:38,840
Speaker 3: Mines, right, and you said it has a big boom

543
00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:41,880
Speaker 3: to it. It's this thing is it has twenty to

544
00:28:42,360 --> 00:28:47,000
Speaker 3: almost twenty three pounds, so over ten kilograms of composition

545
00:28:47,160 --> 00:28:50,200
Speaker 3: B yeah, which is TNT and RDX.

546
00:28:50,320 --> 00:28:51,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's a lot of boom.

547
00:28:51,520 --> 00:28:55,480
Speaker 3: It is a lot of boom. And if you have

548
00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:59,240
Speaker 3: ever seen anybody removing anti tank mine, you get the

549
00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:02,000
Speaker 3: impression that, yes, it would, it would tear a tank

550
00:29:02,080 --> 00:29:05,480
Speaker 3: up pretty pretty well. Yeah, and you want to take

551
00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:07,560
Speaker 3: another break and then come back and talk about removing

552
00:29:07,560 --> 00:29:10,120
Speaker 3: some of these things, Yeah, let's do it. Okay, definitely

553
00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:15,880
Speaker 3: should know, Chlo.

554
00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:24,120
Speaker 4: Sk As why why s k.

555
00:29:28,280 --> 00:29:34,200
Speaker 3: You should know? Okay, Chuck. So we talked about what's

556
00:29:34,200 --> 00:29:37,040
Speaker 3: out there and how many are out there. There are

557
00:29:37,080 --> 00:29:42,440
Speaker 3: people who are dedicated to removing these things. Yes, as

558
00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:47,320
Speaker 3: a matter of fact, the group formed the an International

559
00:29:48,160 --> 00:29:55,640
Speaker 3: Landmine Treaty BAND treaty to basically outlaw those things, and

560
00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:58,600
Speaker 3: there's one hundred and sixty four countries that have signed it.

561
00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:01,200
Speaker 3: Most of those, I think one hundred si have ratified it,

562
00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:06,080
Speaker 3: and it basically says that we are not going to produce,

563
00:30:06,680 --> 00:30:11,320
Speaker 3: stockpile or transfer any mines any longer, land mines of

564
00:30:11,360 --> 00:30:15,200
Speaker 3: any kind any longer, and we're also going to work

565
00:30:15,280 --> 00:30:18,719
Speaker 3: toward removing old minds and getting rid of them, and

566
00:30:18,760 --> 00:30:24,440
Speaker 3: then financially and medically assisting the survivors or victims of

567
00:30:24,880 --> 00:30:29,080
Speaker 3: land mines, casualties of land mines specifically, I think civilians

568
00:30:29,080 --> 00:30:32,440
Speaker 3: who have undergone who have been blown up by a landmine,

569
00:30:32,640 --> 00:30:35,040
Speaker 3: and they I think they formed in like nineteen ninety

570
00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:37,560
Speaker 3: five and within two years they won the Nobel Prize.

571
00:30:38,040 --> 00:30:40,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, this is an interesting one because the US and

572
00:30:40,760 --> 00:30:42,880
Speaker 2: Cuba are one of the only two Western countries that

573
00:30:42,920 --> 00:30:47,600
Speaker 2: have not signed on to this. However, the US is

574
00:30:47,640 --> 00:30:50,920
Speaker 2: also probably the leading country in the world at pouring

575
00:30:50,960 --> 00:30:56,320
Speaker 2: money into land mine eradication and support. And for their money,

576
00:30:56,360 --> 00:30:59,920
Speaker 2: they say listen, I mean, this is what they say.

577
00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:00,680
Speaker 1: At least they say.

578
00:31:00,680 --> 00:31:02,479
Speaker 2: The only reason that we're not signing on to this

579
00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:05,920
Speaker 2: is because of the demilitarized zone between North Korea and

580
00:31:05,920 --> 00:31:09,240
Speaker 2: South Korea. We need that line of defense so North

581
00:31:09,320 --> 00:31:13,120
Speaker 2: Korea cannot march in there and attack our ally in

582
00:31:13,160 --> 00:31:13,840
Speaker 2: South Korea.

583
00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:17,000
Speaker 1: I don't know whether to believe that.

584
00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:19,760
Speaker 2: I know the Obama administration came close to signing on,

585
00:31:20,280 --> 00:31:23,960
Speaker 2: but he never did. It's virtually guaranteed that the Trump

586
00:31:23,960 --> 00:31:27,600
Speaker 2: administration won't sign on, there's like a zero percent chance

587
00:31:27,600 --> 00:31:31,040
Speaker 2: of that happening. But the more and more nuclear capable

588
00:31:31,160 --> 00:31:34,960
Speaker 2: North Korea gets, the less and less reason that you're

589
00:31:35,000 --> 00:31:38,320
Speaker 2: going to have to have those land mines scattered throughout

590
00:31:38,320 --> 00:31:40,600
Speaker 2: the DMZ there, right, So I don't know whether to

591
00:31:40,640 --> 00:31:42,800
Speaker 2: buy that or not, but they say that that's the reason,

592
00:31:43,280 --> 00:31:45,440
Speaker 2: and to their credit, they do spend more money and

593
00:31:45,480 --> 00:31:47,920
Speaker 2: time and efforts trying to clear the world of land

594
00:31:47,960 --> 00:31:48,960
Speaker 2: mines in any other country.

595
00:31:48,960 --> 00:31:53,440
Speaker 3: I think, yeah, yeah, they're definitely a leader in reality,

596
00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:56,400
Speaker 3: but they're still criticized that the US is still criticized

597
00:31:56,400 --> 00:31:59,120
Speaker 3: by for not having signed on to this treaty. Sure,

598
00:31:59,320 --> 00:32:02,600
Speaker 3: because there's a lot of other states that may actually

599
00:32:02,600 --> 00:32:05,560
Speaker 3: follow suit if the United States did. They're in the

600
00:32:05,640 --> 00:32:13,920
Speaker 3: company of Iran, Israel, Azerbaijan, a lot of Russia, Yeah, Russia,

601
00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:19,280
Speaker 3: a lot of former Soviet satellite states, China, some pretty

602
00:32:19,360 --> 00:32:23,760
Speaker 3: big players in as far as global militaries go, right,

603
00:32:23,840 --> 00:32:26,280
Speaker 3: or militaries around the world go. So if the United

604
00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:28,400
Speaker 3: States did that, it would exert some pressure on some

605
00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:30,280
Speaker 3: of the other ones. But like you said, the Trump

606
00:32:30,320 --> 00:32:34,600
Speaker 3: administration is not huge on international treaties, and this I

607
00:32:34,680 --> 00:32:36,960
Speaker 3: think it was the New York Times Editorial Board that

608
00:32:37,040 --> 00:32:39,760
Speaker 3: said there's a zero percent chance of assigning it right,

609
00:32:40,280 --> 00:32:44,240
Speaker 3: but we are still one of the leaders in actually

610
00:32:44,320 --> 00:32:49,560
Speaker 3: removing minds. The United States military stockpile is pretty small.

611
00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:51,840
Speaker 3: I think it's around three million right now, and as

612
00:32:51,880 --> 00:32:54,840
Speaker 3: far as I know, we're not deploying anymore. And we

613
00:32:54,920 --> 00:32:57,320
Speaker 3: really have it since I think two thousand and three

614
00:32:58,080 --> 00:33:01,320
Speaker 3: in Iraq when we have invaded Rock. That was the

615
00:33:01,400 --> 00:33:05,560
Speaker 3: last time we laid landmines as far as the US goes.

616
00:33:05,400 --> 00:33:08,560
Speaker 2: Right, yeah, and three million sounds like a lot, and

617
00:33:08,640 --> 00:33:10,720
Speaker 2: it is, but compared to like a Russia, which has

618
00:33:10,760 --> 00:33:13,960
Speaker 2: like between twenty and thirty million, it's not as many.

619
00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:17,120
Speaker 3: So one thing that like, I thought that was pretty

620
00:33:17,160 --> 00:33:20,400
Speaker 3: odd too. I was like, the DMZ, that's what that's

621
00:33:20,440 --> 00:33:23,680
Speaker 3: why we're not signing onto this landmine treaty. That's weird.

622
00:33:24,280 --> 00:33:26,960
Speaker 3: And then I started looking up cluster bombs and there's

623
00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:29,760
Speaker 3: another treaty kind of like a corollary treaty to the

624
00:33:29,840 --> 00:33:35,160
Speaker 3: International Landmine Treaty to ban cluster bombs as well, and

625
00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:37,760
Speaker 3: that has some it's much newer, but it has I

626
00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:39,560
Speaker 3: think a pretty decent amount, like one hundred and twenty

627
00:33:39,640 --> 00:33:44,360
Speaker 3: countries already signed on to it, but with cluster bombs.

628
00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:47,080
Speaker 3: I was looking up the Pentagon's reasoning for not signing

629
00:33:47,080 --> 00:33:50,680
Speaker 3: on to this treaty. So back in I think two

630
00:33:50,760 --> 00:33:55,880
Speaker 3: thousand and eight, the Bush administration said, the US will

631
00:33:55,920 --> 00:33:59,600
Speaker 3: sign this, this cluster bomb ban treaty if we have

632
00:33:59,680 --> 00:34:02,280
Speaker 3: not done developed cluster bombs that have a failure rate

633
00:34:02,360 --> 00:34:05,280
Speaker 3: of one percent or less, meaning only one out of

634
00:34:05,280 --> 00:34:08,080
Speaker 3: every hundred of those little bomblets that comes out of

635
00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:13,799
Speaker 3: the cluster bomb cylinder doesn't explode upon contact. Right, And

636
00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:17,719
Speaker 3: apparently just within the last few days, the Pentagon said, well,

637
00:34:17,760 --> 00:34:21,640
Speaker 3: the deadline's twenty nineteen. We haven't developed cluster bombs that

638
00:34:21,719 --> 00:34:24,319
Speaker 3: have that low of a failure rate, so we're just

639
00:34:24,360 --> 00:34:27,680
Speaker 3: going to ignore that and keep using cluster bombs. And

640
00:34:28,040 --> 00:34:32,279
Speaker 3: the report said it's because they want to reserve the

641
00:34:32,360 --> 00:34:34,640
Speaker 3: right to use them in case of a ground war

642
00:34:34,680 --> 00:34:37,680
Speaker 3: with North Korea. So I'm like, what do you guys

643
00:34:37,800 --> 00:34:41,600
Speaker 3: know that we don't know, Like it's is it really

644
00:34:41,640 --> 00:34:44,960
Speaker 3: that eminent a ground war with Korea that we need

645
00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:48,000
Speaker 3: to reserve the right to use cluster bombs and land mines?

646
00:34:48,080 --> 00:34:51,120
Speaker 3: Still that like, is it are we that close to

647
00:34:51,160 --> 00:34:54,080
Speaker 3: the knife edge. And if so, then this, the whole,

648
00:34:54,200 --> 00:34:56,879
Speaker 3: the whole nuclear thing makes me even more nervous than

649
00:34:56,880 --> 00:34:57,520
Speaker 3: it did before.

650
00:34:57,920 --> 00:35:00,840
Speaker 2: Yeah, it should, I'll make you nervous.

651
00:35:01,160 --> 00:35:03,799
Speaker 3: It does. So I'll tell you one thing that makes

652
00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:06,360
Speaker 3: everybody nervous, chuck, and that's being out in a minefield

653
00:35:06,400 --> 00:35:07,440
Speaker 3: removing land mines.

654
00:35:07,960 --> 00:35:08,200
Speaker 1: Yeah.

655
00:35:08,239 --> 00:35:14,439
Speaker 2: So this is this has many many problems to root out.

656
00:35:14,600 --> 00:35:17,880
Speaker 2: First of all, finding the minds. Like you said earlier,

657
00:35:17,880 --> 00:35:20,160
Speaker 2: they're not in marked. They don't say here's a minefield

658
00:35:20,520 --> 00:35:24,200
Speaker 2: and here's where they're all located. So finding these things,

659
00:35:24,400 --> 00:35:28,239
Speaker 2: millions of them around the world is really tough. And

660
00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:31,799
Speaker 2: even when you find the minefield, it's tough. So, like

661
00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:35,160
Speaker 2: the first thing is to find the minefield, then it's

662
00:35:36,120 --> 00:35:37,400
Speaker 2: it depends on how you do it. And we're going

663
00:35:37,480 --> 00:35:39,440
Speaker 2: to talk about all the ways that they're trying to

664
00:35:39,480 --> 00:35:43,719
Speaker 2: do this, some of which are very rudimentary, which the

665
00:35:43,840 --> 00:35:46,960
Speaker 2: very first one you can do is called probing the ground.

666
00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:51,400
Speaker 2: That means walking around with a stick or a bayonet

667
00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:53,000
Speaker 2: and poking around.

668
00:35:53,080 --> 00:35:55,840
Speaker 3: Lightly, very lightly, oh so lightly.

669
00:35:55,960 --> 00:35:59,200
Speaker 2: Yeah, I get the feeling that this is I'm sure

670
00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:00,680
Speaker 2: it's still done in some parts of the world, but

671
00:36:00,840 --> 00:36:03,280
Speaker 2: they're certainly not one of the more advanced operations.

672
00:36:03,280 --> 00:36:03,880
Speaker 1: Any longer.

673
00:36:04,280 --> 00:36:06,880
Speaker 3: I get the impression that that's what soldiers do when

674
00:36:06,960 --> 00:36:09,040
Speaker 3: they're like, Nope, we can't go around, we have to

675
00:36:09,120 --> 00:36:12,239
Speaker 3: keep going straight. Probably, so that that's what because they

676
00:36:12,280 --> 00:36:15,000
Speaker 3: use sticks or bayonets typically, and they're trained to kind

677
00:36:15,040 --> 00:36:18,160
Speaker 3: of do it very very lightly. So I think that's

678
00:36:18,160 --> 00:36:18,960
Speaker 3: who does that.

679
00:36:19,560 --> 00:36:21,480
Speaker 1: All right. So you've also got trained dogs.

680
00:36:22,280 --> 00:36:24,720
Speaker 2: This is horrifying when you think about a dog getting

681
00:36:24,719 --> 00:36:27,759
Speaker 2: blown up, but they are trained to sniff out these

682
00:36:27,880 --> 00:36:31,080
Speaker 2: explosive vapors and the bomb ingredients.

683
00:36:32,160 --> 00:36:34,680
Speaker 3: I also saw rats have been trained by a company

684
00:36:34,680 --> 00:36:35,480
Speaker 3: called a Popo.

685
00:36:35,719 --> 00:36:36,960
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, rats and bees.

686
00:36:37,520 --> 00:36:39,719
Speaker 3: Oh I didn't see bees. That makes sense though.

687
00:36:39,719 --> 00:36:43,160
Speaker 1: Yeah, bees are trained, and that was one of the

688
00:36:43,160 --> 00:36:44,080
Speaker 1: things you sent over to me.

689
00:36:44,680 --> 00:36:46,319
Speaker 3: The bees were How did I miss that?

690
00:36:46,520 --> 00:36:48,160
Speaker 1: I don't know, because you're all about bees.

691
00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:49,520
Speaker 3: I love bees.

692
00:36:50,600 --> 00:36:51,240
Speaker 1: Yeah, the bees.

693
00:36:51,280 --> 00:36:56,520
Speaker 2: Apparently, it said the hard part is not training them

694
00:36:56,920 --> 00:36:59,399
Speaker 2: to find these things, but tracking them once you release

695
00:36:59,480 --> 00:37:04,920
Speaker 2: the honey bee. So they're trained with sugar coated TNT

696
00:37:05,840 --> 00:37:08,719
Speaker 2: and then of course they can find the That's how

697
00:37:08,719 --> 00:37:10,520
Speaker 2: they find the tn T, but it has no sugar

698
00:37:10,520 --> 00:37:11,040
Speaker 2: on it.

699
00:37:11,080 --> 00:37:15,440
Speaker 3: Right, One of the I guess I think. So that

700
00:37:15,560 --> 00:37:18,799
Speaker 3: to me is a big step up from poking with

701
00:37:18,840 --> 00:37:22,200
Speaker 3: a stick. Yes, in between those two is using a

702
00:37:22,239 --> 00:37:27,120
Speaker 3: good old fashioned metal detector. Yeah, it works, but the

703
00:37:27,200 --> 00:37:31,680
Speaker 3: problem is twofold one. Metal detectors send a signal back

704
00:37:31,719 --> 00:37:34,879
Speaker 3: for anything that has any metal to it whatsoever. So

705
00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:38,640
Speaker 3: you get a hit and you are very like gingerly

706
00:37:39,160 --> 00:37:42,200
Speaker 3: searching the area to see if there is a mine there. Nope,

707
00:37:42,239 --> 00:37:45,080
Speaker 3: it's a it's an old roaman coin, or it's like

708
00:37:45,120 --> 00:37:49,640
Speaker 3: an old butterfly top to a Miller beer can. It's

709
00:37:49,719 --> 00:37:52,240
Speaker 3: anything metal, right, So that's one part of the problem.

710
00:37:52,480 --> 00:37:54,560
Speaker 3: And then the second part of the problem is that

711
00:37:54,800 --> 00:37:58,880
Speaker 3: you you actually may miss metal because some types of

712
00:37:58,960 --> 00:38:02,880
Speaker 3: the three hundred and fifty different varieties of minds use

713
00:38:03,040 --> 00:38:05,960
Speaker 3: very little metal. Some of them are almost entirely plastics.

714
00:38:06,239 --> 00:38:06,319
Speaker 1: Ye.

715
00:38:06,840 --> 00:38:09,080
Speaker 3: So not only are you picking up stuff that's not

716
00:38:09,160 --> 00:38:12,040
Speaker 3: a landmine and then wasting time seeing if it is

717
00:38:12,040 --> 00:38:15,360
Speaker 3: a landmine, you're actually potentially missing land mines as well.

718
00:38:16,360 --> 00:38:16,640
Speaker 1: Yeah.

719
00:38:16,680 --> 00:38:21,520
Speaker 2: So that's a problem because that was my first thought

720
00:38:21,640 --> 00:38:23,640
Speaker 2: is like, I remember when I was a kid, my

721
00:38:23,719 --> 00:38:25,080
Speaker 2: dad was all over that metal.

722
00:38:24,800 --> 00:38:25,640
Speaker 1: Detector on the beach.

723
00:38:25,840 --> 00:38:28,000
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, so just get a lot of my dads

724
00:38:28,000 --> 00:38:31,759
Speaker 2: out there or dudes like my dad and just tell

725
00:38:31,800 --> 00:38:32,480
Speaker 2: them to go wild.

726
00:38:32,719 --> 00:38:35,440
Speaker 3: Yeah, they can coordinate over CB while they're driving their

727
00:38:35,520 --> 00:38:38,120
Speaker 3: jeep sides of the minefield. They totally would.

728
00:38:38,960 --> 00:38:43,600
Speaker 2: Some more promising newer technology, specifically being developed at Ohio

729
00:38:43,600 --> 00:38:46,000
Speaker 2: State University, and I think they're actually using this now,

730
00:38:46,120 --> 00:38:53,080
Speaker 2: is called GPR, or ground penetrating radar. This uses magic

731
00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:56,160
Speaker 2: leprechauns inside a machine.

732
00:38:55,640 --> 00:38:57,800
Speaker 3: Who exert no pressure to tell.

733
00:38:57,600 --> 00:38:59,840
Speaker 1: You where these things are underground.

734
00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:02,920
Speaker 3: Yeah, it's actually it's pretty sweet. It's like a metal

735
00:39:02,920 --> 00:39:08,440
Speaker 3: detector ground penet penetrating radar combo. So the ground penetrating

736
00:39:08,520 --> 00:39:11,080
Speaker 3: radar can show you if it's an anomaly. But then

737
00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:16,120
Speaker 3: the radar also interacts with explosives and the electrical properties

738
00:39:16,200 --> 00:39:18,719
Speaker 3: unique to explosives, so it can actually tell you there's

739
00:39:18,719 --> 00:39:23,120
Speaker 3: something we're down there, and the amazing Creskin here thinks

740
00:39:23,120 --> 00:39:24,000
Speaker 3: that it's TNT.

741
00:39:24,640 --> 00:39:25,720
Speaker 1: Yeah, and this is crazy.

742
00:39:25,800 --> 00:39:29,920
Speaker 2: Once they find these landmines with the GPR device, it

743
00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:33,799
Speaker 2: shoots chemical agents, two of them into the ground that

744
00:39:33,920 --> 00:39:38,920
Speaker 2: actually solidifies the triggering mechanism at first along with the soil,

745
00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:43,160
Speaker 2: and then a second chemical agent that solidifies all of

746
00:39:43,200 --> 00:39:44,920
Speaker 2: the mind in the soil, so they can just be

747
00:39:44,960 --> 00:39:45,520
Speaker 2: scooped up.

748
00:39:45,960 --> 00:39:48,719
Speaker 1: Right. Well, I don't understand that. What is it? I

749
00:39:48,880 --> 00:39:50,760
Speaker 1: just I don't know. Is it cement?

750
00:39:51,080 --> 00:39:53,080
Speaker 3: I don't know if it was proprietary or what. But

751
00:39:53,120 --> 00:39:55,759
Speaker 3: I couldn't find what those chemical agents were. But they

752
00:39:55,800 --> 00:39:59,120
Speaker 3: sound pretty awesome. Yeah, and not something you want to

753
00:39:59,280 --> 00:39:59,959
Speaker 3: get on your hand.

754
00:40:00,520 --> 00:40:04,920
Speaker 1: No, you know, no wash hands, flush eyes.

755
00:40:05,320 --> 00:40:08,080
Speaker 3: So that's actually that's that's like you said, that's in use.

756
00:40:08,160 --> 00:40:12,839
Speaker 3: That's a huge innovation because it shows you you get

757
00:40:12,840 --> 00:40:15,040
Speaker 3: like the hits that you get from a metal detector,

758
00:40:15,080 --> 00:40:16,880
Speaker 3: but you also don't get the misses. And then it

759
00:40:16,920 --> 00:40:19,840
Speaker 3: also shows you if something is roughly the size or

760
00:40:19,880 --> 00:40:23,720
Speaker 3: shape of a landmine, so you don't waste time digging

761
00:40:23,800 --> 00:40:28,680
Speaker 3: up old old butterfly bottle caps. Right, Yeah, I like it.

762
00:40:28,719 --> 00:40:32,000
Speaker 3: That's my favorite, and it came from the Ohio State University.

763
00:40:32,320 --> 00:40:34,839
Speaker 3: This article gets it wrong. It calls it scientists at

764
00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:37,360
Speaker 3: Ohio State University the shame.

765
00:40:37,760 --> 00:40:44,960
Speaker 2: Yeah, my favorite are these big heavy machines. So if

766
00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:46,839
Speaker 2: you and I didn't ever think I was a kid

767
00:40:46,840 --> 00:40:50,319
Speaker 2: who liked I never played with like Tonka trucks and

768
00:40:50,320 --> 00:40:52,959
Speaker 2: stuff much, I was obviously you know, we talked about

769
00:40:52,960 --> 00:40:55,640
Speaker 2: the Evil can Eevil and stuff like that, model model cars.

770
00:40:56,400 --> 00:40:59,959
Speaker 2: But for some reason, as an adult, heavy machinery really

771
00:41:00,840 --> 00:41:05,440
Speaker 2: really turns my crank. So go look up on your

772
00:41:05,440 --> 00:41:10,440
Speaker 2: Google images the Panther and the ard Vark tank or

773
00:41:11,400 --> 00:41:16,480
Speaker 2: mind removal machines and just delight in these huge things

774
00:41:16,520 --> 00:41:22,000
Speaker 2: that are part Bobcat, part hum v h.

775
00:41:22,360 --> 00:41:24,360
Speaker 1: And they're they're just so rudimentary.

776
00:41:24,480 --> 00:41:30,040
Speaker 2: Like literally one of them, the Ardvark has these It

777
00:41:30,080 --> 00:41:34,120
Speaker 2: has like a spinning thing that sits out in front

778
00:41:34,160 --> 00:41:37,279
Speaker 2: of it that just spins chains and like whips the

779
00:41:37,320 --> 00:41:41,040
Speaker 2: ground with big metal chains. H. I mean, it's so

780
00:41:41,960 --> 00:41:44,279
Speaker 2: brain dead and rudimentary. That said, let's just get a

781
00:41:44,280 --> 00:41:47,239
Speaker 2: big heavy thing out there that smashes the ground with

782
00:41:47,320 --> 00:41:48,440
Speaker 2: chains and.

783
00:41:48,320 --> 00:41:51,719
Speaker 3: The point is to just set off a landmine encounters right,

784
00:41:52,040 --> 00:41:55,200
Speaker 3: so it's like and the Ardvark just takes it. It's

785
00:41:55,520 --> 00:41:59,480
Speaker 3: a huge anti tank. Mines just blowing up right underneath

786
00:41:59,480 --> 00:42:01,640
Speaker 3: these chains that are whipping up the ground the front

787
00:42:01,680 --> 00:42:03,800
Speaker 3: part of the Ardvark. And I saw a video of

788
00:42:03,840 --> 00:42:08,440
Speaker 3: a guy in one who I guess hit a mine

789
00:42:08,719 --> 00:42:10,960
Speaker 3: and they show him in the cab and he barely

790
00:42:11,040 --> 00:42:14,279
Speaker 3: is jostled by the explosion, this huge explosion that they

791
00:42:14,320 --> 00:42:16,560
Speaker 3: show like eighty times because it's I think on the

792
00:42:16,560 --> 00:42:20,719
Speaker 3: Military Channel or something like that, and it's like, why

793
00:42:20,760 --> 00:42:23,160
Speaker 3: don't you just make everything out of whatever you're making the.

794
00:42:23,239 --> 00:42:25,399
Speaker 1: Art bark out, Why isn't the tank made of that?

795
00:42:25,719 --> 00:42:28,040
Speaker 3: It's that same joke as like, you know, why don't

796
00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:29,640
Speaker 3: you make the whole plane out of the black box?

797
00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:31,799
Speaker 3: If black box is the one thing that's always about.

798
00:42:31,960 --> 00:42:34,960
Speaker 3: But it's true and I'm sure I think with M

799
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:38,200
Speaker 3: wraps like mine. I can't remember what it stands for,

800
00:42:38,360 --> 00:42:41,319
Speaker 3: but you remember the IEDs that were killing so many

801
00:42:41,360 --> 00:42:45,440
Speaker 3: American soldiers at the beginning of the Iraq War, and

802
00:42:45,440 --> 00:42:49,759
Speaker 3: then they figured out a way to armor plate humviies

803
00:42:50,440 --> 00:42:54,400
Speaker 3: so that they were kind of impervious to IEDs. I

804
00:42:54,400 --> 00:42:57,040
Speaker 3: think it's basically the same technology on the Ardvark.

805
00:42:57,640 --> 00:42:59,480
Speaker 2: Yeah, So that one, like you said, has a dude

806
00:42:59,480 --> 00:43:02,880
Speaker 2: in it. Then there's the Panther, and that is a

807
00:43:02,920 --> 00:43:09,000
Speaker 2: sixty ton remote controlled thing. So this has somebody on

808
00:43:09,120 --> 00:43:13,120
Speaker 2: the side with a joystick operating this thing through a minefield.

809
00:43:13,160 --> 00:43:16,879
Speaker 2: This has big metal rollers to set off These set

810
00:43:16,920 --> 00:43:19,480
Speaker 2: off the mines, and then they are regular tanks that

811
00:43:19,520 --> 00:43:23,160
Speaker 2: you can sort of retrofit with a plow that sort

812
00:43:23,160 --> 00:43:26,960
Speaker 2: of plows along and gently pushes these mines out of

813
00:43:26,960 --> 00:43:30,320
Speaker 2: the dirt in the path. Then someone can come along

814
00:43:30,400 --> 00:43:33,880
Speaker 2: and I don't know, I guess collect them in a

815
00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:34,760
Speaker 2: pink basket.

816
00:43:35,040 --> 00:43:39,000
Speaker 3: Yeah. No, there's there's a there's another machine called a

817
00:43:39,000 --> 00:43:42,640
Speaker 3: burm processing assembly. It just goes down through these these

818
00:43:42,719 --> 00:43:46,240
Speaker 3: mounds of dirt that have mines in them and shakes

819
00:43:46,360 --> 00:43:49,080
Speaker 3: the mines out of the dirt and sets them off

820
00:43:49,120 --> 00:43:50,960
Speaker 3: to the side so they're exposed, so they can be

821
00:43:51,000 --> 00:43:52,160
Speaker 3: picked up and detonated.

822
00:43:53,560 --> 00:43:59,680
Speaker 2: We mentioned bees and rats and dogs. Very sadly, elephants

823
00:44:00,520 --> 00:44:03,880
Speaker 2: can sniff out mines. They're pretty good at it. They

824
00:44:03,880 --> 00:44:08,240
Speaker 2: don't use elephants to do this because that just doesn't

825
00:44:08,239 --> 00:44:11,000
Speaker 2: make much sense, but they have killed and injured a

826
00:44:11,000 --> 00:44:11,720
Speaker 2: bunch of elephants.

827
00:44:12,080 --> 00:44:12,279
Speaker 3: Yeah.

828
00:44:12,880 --> 00:44:16,279
Speaker 2: My favorite new machine that they're using, and this makes

829
00:44:16,520 --> 00:44:21,960
Speaker 2: total sense, are drones. The mine Kifon drone k A

830
00:44:22,280 --> 00:44:25,920
Speaker 2: f O N. This is a drone basically that I

831
00:44:26,000 --> 00:44:30,640
Speaker 2: was developed by a guy named Masud Hassani and it's

832
00:44:30,680 --> 00:44:32,400
Speaker 2: a drone that does the work of the human It's

833
00:44:32,400 --> 00:44:34,520
Speaker 2: a drone with metal detectors attached to it.

834
00:44:35,160 --> 00:44:37,360
Speaker 1: So it just flies really low over.

835
00:44:37,239 --> 00:44:41,960
Speaker 2: The ground and detects these land mines with nobody walking

836
00:44:42,000 --> 00:44:43,600
Speaker 2: on the ground or no machine on the ground.

837
00:44:44,040 --> 00:44:45,120
Speaker 1: Makes total sense.

838
00:44:45,000 --> 00:44:46,680
Speaker 3: It really does. It's great. And then what does it

839
00:44:46,719 --> 00:44:49,239
Speaker 3: do is it market on like GPS or something like that.

840
00:44:49,360 --> 00:44:52,080
Speaker 2: Yeah, it marks it on a GPS and then can

841
00:44:52,120 --> 00:44:54,920
Speaker 2: even come back and place a detonator, drop a detonator

842
00:44:54,960 --> 00:44:57,840
Speaker 2: on it, basically fly away and it explodes itself.

843
00:44:58,520 --> 00:44:59,640
Speaker 3: That's pretty awesome.

844
00:45:00,000 --> 00:45:03,719
Speaker 2: And they're only like five grand compared to robots and

845
00:45:03,719 --> 00:45:06,120
Speaker 2: stuff like that can go from eighty to half a

846
00:45:06,160 --> 00:45:06,800
Speaker 2: million bucks.

847
00:45:06,880 --> 00:45:10,319
Speaker 3: Yeah, the art VARC looks extremely expensive for sure.

848
00:45:10,520 --> 00:45:11,480
Speaker 1: Imagine it's not cheap.

849
00:45:12,040 --> 00:45:17,600
Speaker 3: So we talked about the International band Treaty, the campaign

850
00:45:17,680 --> 00:45:20,359
Speaker 3: to ban land mines that won the Nobel Prize in

851
00:45:20,440 --> 00:45:25,600
Speaker 3: nineteen ninety seven. Their work actually had a huge impact

852
00:45:26,560 --> 00:45:31,160
Speaker 3: in I think nineteen ninety nine there's a peak of

853
00:45:31,800 --> 00:45:37,440
Speaker 3: casualties worldwide from land mines of nine two hundred and

854
00:45:37,480 --> 00:45:41,719
Speaker 3: twenty eight. By twenty thirteen they'd gotten that down to

855
00:45:41,760 --> 00:45:44,920
Speaker 3: thirty four hundred and fifty and it really looked like

856
00:45:45,040 --> 00:45:47,880
Speaker 3: the work of this group and like the international treaty

857
00:45:47,880 --> 00:45:51,880
Speaker 3: that it created, and all these countries signed was having

858
00:45:52,040 --> 00:45:59,080
Speaker 3: a real genuine impact on landmine casualties. Apparently the tide

859
00:45:59,080 --> 00:46:01,799
Speaker 3: turned in two thousand and sixteen and the numbers have

860
00:46:01,840 --> 00:46:04,280
Speaker 3: started to go back up. So the low was thirty

861
00:46:04,280 --> 00:46:09,360
Speaker 3: four fifty in twenty thirteen. In twenty sixteen it was

862
00:46:09,520 --> 00:46:14,680
Speaker 3: up to eighty six hundred and five, which has got

863
00:46:14,719 --> 00:46:16,600
Speaker 3: to be really demoralizing.

864
00:46:17,719 --> 00:46:21,080
Speaker 2: Yeah, and I think you said very early on a

865
00:46:21,080 --> 00:46:22,960
Speaker 2: lot of this is because of what's going on at

866
00:46:23,040 --> 00:46:26,000
Speaker 2: Yemen and Syria right now, right right, so.

867
00:46:25,880 --> 00:46:29,000
Speaker 3: Sad I saw Also, remember I said Egypt has a

868
00:46:29,000 --> 00:46:31,600
Speaker 3: lot of old minds from World War Two. Apparently Isis

869
00:46:31,680 --> 00:46:36,000
Speaker 3: is taken to digging those up and replanting them. And

870
00:46:36,040 --> 00:46:38,680
Speaker 3: we should say, you know, land mines and IEDs are

871
00:46:38,760 --> 00:46:41,200
Speaker 3: virtually one and the same. It's just land mines are

872
00:46:42,120 --> 00:46:48,840
Speaker 3: mass produced, whereas IEDs are made by insurgent bomb makers.

873
00:46:49,080 --> 00:46:53,080
Speaker 3: They're usually not commercially produced. Right, there's no contract that

874
00:46:53,120 --> 00:46:54,800
Speaker 3: ISIS has out with somebody.

875
00:46:55,000 --> 00:46:56,800
Speaker 1: Did you ever see hurt Locker? The hurt Locker?

876
00:46:56,920 --> 00:46:58,000
Speaker 3: No, I haven't seen that one.

877
00:46:58,320 --> 00:47:00,000
Speaker 1: Man, that's a good movie. Talk about tens.

878
00:47:00,640 --> 00:47:02,359
Speaker 3: I can imagine it. I mean that's what they do, right,

879
00:47:02,400 --> 00:47:05,239
Speaker 3: They go and remove mines right or bombs.

880
00:47:05,239 --> 00:47:08,120
Speaker 2: Any IED's bombs, anything like any unexploded thing.

881
00:47:09,120 --> 00:47:10,000
Speaker 1: Jeremy Renners in it.

882
00:47:10,040 --> 00:47:12,719
Speaker 2: And these it's just amazing, Like they just wear these

883
00:47:12,719 --> 00:47:18,480
Speaker 2: like big heavy suits basically like anti blast suits and

884
00:47:18,520 --> 00:47:20,480
Speaker 2: then work very carefully and slowly.

885
00:47:20,840 --> 00:47:27,640
Speaker 3: Yeah. Oh one other thing, chuck, Yes, Princess Diana.

886
00:47:28,560 --> 00:47:30,560
Speaker 2: Yeah, we have to mention her. I mean some of

887
00:47:30,600 --> 00:47:34,400
Speaker 2: the probably her most important work she did as princess

888
00:47:35,360 --> 00:47:39,480
Speaker 2: was in the final years of her life working to

889
00:47:39,600 --> 00:47:43,400
Speaker 2: try and raise awareness to eradicate land mines around the world.

890
00:47:44,560 --> 00:47:47,160
Speaker 2: Just amazing stuff. And she wasn't. She took a lot

891
00:47:47,200 --> 00:47:51,160
Speaker 2: of heat, sometimes from within her own country. Yeah, sometimes

892
00:47:51,200 --> 00:47:56,200
Speaker 2: they didn't. They thought she was just not being super helpful.

893
00:47:56,520 --> 00:48:01,160
Speaker 2: Some people would bag on her for just doing like

894
00:48:01,200 --> 00:48:03,960
Speaker 2: photo ops and stuff like that, but by all accounts

895
00:48:04,040 --> 00:48:06,840
Speaker 2: she was. I mean, she did what she could. She

896
00:48:07,239 --> 00:48:09,200
Speaker 2: had a lot of things that happened off the cameras.

897
00:48:09,560 --> 00:48:12,440
Speaker 2: She would go and visit these hospitals where these children

898
00:48:12,440 --> 00:48:16,080
Speaker 2: were affected, and it was a humanitarian effort to really

899
00:48:16,160 --> 00:48:18,919
Speaker 2: kind of shine a light and raise awareness more than like, hey,

900
00:48:18,960 --> 00:48:21,960
Speaker 2: I can create policy as the princess.

901
00:48:22,040 --> 00:48:24,200
Speaker 1: She knew she couldn't do that. But she did a

902
00:48:24,280 --> 00:48:25,880
Speaker 1: lot of great work to raise.

903
00:48:25,640 --> 00:48:29,040
Speaker 2: Awareness, and when she died it was a very sad

904
00:48:29,120 --> 00:48:33,360
Speaker 2: day and they obviously for many reasons. But Nobel Prize

905
00:48:33,400 --> 00:48:36,960
Speaker 2: winning whinner Jody Williams said the death of Princess Diana

906
00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:41,160
Speaker 2: meant that the anti landmine activist lost their most visible advocate,

907
00:48:41,840 --> 00:48:43,600
Speaker 2: So that was very sad.

908
00:48:43,640 --> 00:48:44,399
Speaker 1: She did great work.

909
00:48:44,719 --> 00:48:46,800
Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean, it takes a certain kind of person

910
00:48:46,880 --> 00:48:50,040
Speaker 3: to say, well, the global spotlight is on me right now.

911
00:48:50,280 --> 00:48:57,120
Speaker 3: I'm going to walk over here to this underserved population

912
00:48:57,840 --> 00:49:00,160
Speaker 3: of people who are being blown up by left over

913
00:49:00,239 --> 00:49:02,520
Speaker 3: land minds that people don't really know about, and now

914
00:49:02,520 --> 00:49:05,239
Speaker 3: the spotlight's on them. Yeah, that says quite a bit

915
00:49:05,280 --> 00:49:09,200
Speaker 3: about somebody to do that. Pretty amazing. So you got

916
00:49:09,200 --> 00:49:09,719
Speaker 3: anything else?

917
00:49:09,719 --> 00:49:10,520
Speaker 1: I got nothing else.

918
00:49:11,120 --> 00:49:13,239
Speaker 3: If you want to know more about land minds, you

919
00:49:13,440 --> 00:49:16,360
Speaker 3: can type those words in the search bar at houstuffworks

920
00:49:16,400 --> 00:49:19,440
Speaker 3: dot com. And since I said landmine, it's time for

921
00:49:19,600 --> 00:49:20,279
Speaker 3: listener mail.

922
00:49:23,400 --> 00:49:26,200
Speaker 2: I'm going to call this brother and Sister listening pair.

923
00:49:29,040 --> 00:49:31,240
Speaker 2: I was never a good headline writer on newspaper staff.

924
00:49:31,280 --> 00:49:32,400
Speaker 3: By the way, it's tough.

925
00:49:34,080 --> 00:49:36,160
Speaker 1: Hey, guys, finally feel like I have something to write about.

926
00:49:36,239 --> 00:49:39,279
Speaker 2: My brother introduced me to your show over Christmas just

927
00:49:39,280 --> 00:49:41,360
Speaker 2: this year, and I've been slowly working my way through

928
00:49:41,920 --> 00:49:44,960
Speaker 2: from dB Cooper to ex Murders to Winchester Mystery House

929
00:49:45,200 --> 00:49:48,080
Speaker 2: to Jellyfish. I love them all. So first of all,

930
00:49:48,080 --> 00:49:50,440
Speaker 2: thanks to my brother Michael, who lives in Savannah, for

931
00:49:50,520 --> 00:49:53,120
Speaker 2: the introduction. He actually plays a role in why I'm writing.

932
00:49:53,480 --> 00:49:57,279
Speaker 2: I just finished listening to the Vampire Hannix episode and

933
00:49:57,360 --> 00:50:00,640
Speaker 2: at the beginning you talked about coming upon dead bodies. Well,

934
00:50:00,680 --> 00:50:02,640
Speaker 2: growing up, a dead body was discovered in the ravine

935
00:50:02,640 --> 00:50:04,640
Speaker 2: behind our neighbor's house and they had to pull it

936
00:50:04,719 --> 00:50:05,120
Speaker 2: up the hill.

937
00:50:05,160 --> 00:50:06,920
Speaker 1: So my brother and I got.

938
00:50:06,719 --> 00:50:09,680
Speaker 2: Out our spy gear took pictures of the policemen in

939
00:50:09,719 --> 00:50:12,440
Speaker 2: paramedics pulling up the dead body and carrying it away.

940
00:50:12,680 --> 00:50:14,520
Speaker 2: It's a lot of excitement and at the time we

941
00:50:14,560 --> 00:50:16,799
Speaker 2: didn't really think about it, but when the photos came

942
00:50:16,840 --> 00:50:19,600
Speaker 2: back developed, it really finally hit home how creepy it

943
00:50:19,680 --> 00:50:20,920
Speaker 2: was that we had seen a dead body.

944
00:50:21,239 --> 00:50:21,439
Speaker 3: Yeah.

945
00:50:21,880 --> 00:50:25,480
Speaker 2: Anyway, thanks for providing interesting and entertaining episodes.

946
00:50:25,719 --> 00:50:28,000
Speaker 1: I teach kindergarten. It's funny.

947
00:50:28,040 --> 00:50:30,600
Speaker 2: She talked about being drawn to the darker episodes as

948
00:50:30,640 --> 00:50:33,800
Speaker 2: a kindergarten teacher. She says, sometimes you just need a

949
00:50:33,800 --> 00:50:37,120
Speaker 2: break from boogers and Paul Patrol and here grown ups

950
00:50:37,120 --> 00:50:38,800
Speaker 2: talk about cool and interesting stuff.

951
00:50:39,320 --> 00:50:40,280
Speaker 1: That is from Melissa.

952
00:50:40,840 --> 00:50:42,840
Speaker 2: She's going to be at our DC show and Michael

953
00:50:42,920 --> 00:50:45,440
Speaker 2: and Savannah is upset because he can't go.

954
00:50:45,800 --> 00:50:47,799
Speaker 3: Yeah, well he should fly up to DC. There are

955
00:50:47,840 --> 00:50:48,440
Speaker 3: such things as.

956
00:50:48,360 --> 00:50:51,600
Speaker 2: Airplane's greater chances of that happening than us going to

957
00:50:51,640 --> 00:50:52,479
Speaker 2: Savannah for a show.

958
00:50:52,719 --> 00:50:56,640
Speaker 3: And or there is always room for boogers, Melissa, don't

959
00:50:56,640 --> 00:50:57,320
Speaker 3: be mistaken.

960
00:50:57,440 --> 00:50:59,640
Speaker 1: There is room for boogers. By Josh Clark.

961
00:51:00,960 --> 00:51:03,919
Speaker 3: Thanks for writing in. Hey to you both, and thanks

962
00:51:03,960 --> 00:51:07,520
Speaker 3: for listening, and send us those pictures. If you want

963
00:51:07,600 --> 00:51:09,080
Speaker 3: to get in touch with us, you can send us

964
00:51:09,080 --> 00:51:11,880
Speaker 3: an email. The Stuff podcast at HowStuffWorks dot com and

965
00:51:11,920 --> 00:51:13,440
Speaker 3: has always hang out with us at our home on

966
00:51:13,480 --> 00:51:18,480
Speaker 3: the web. Stuff you Should Know dot Com.

967
00:51:18,680 --> 00:51:21,560
Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

968
00:51:21,640 --> 00:51:25,839
Speaker 1: more podcasts my Heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

969
00:51:25,920 --> 00:51:27,800
Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.