1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,080 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:13,680 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,720 --> 00:00:16,799 Speaker 1: I'm Holly Fry and I'm Tracy Vie Wilson talking about 4 00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:19,680 Speaker 1: something I like a lot today. I'm so excited, actually 5 00:00:20,040 --> 00:00:23,880 Speaker 1: so in my sort of zone of pet topics. It's 6 00:00:23,880 --> 00:00:26,680 Speaker 1: a it's a big it's an intersection of several zones, 7 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:31,600 Speaker 1: it really is. Uh. And the legendary wardrobe of Marie Antoinette, 8 00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:33,280 Speaker 1: who is not exactly who we're talking about, but she 9 00:00:33,320 --> 00:00:37,320 Speaker 1: does figure prominently in the story. Her wardrobe has been criticized, 10 00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:39,880 Speaker 1: it's been envied, it's been discussed to no end by 11 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:44,680 Speaker 1: historians and sociologists. Uh. But where did all those glorious 12 00:00:44,680 --> 00:00:47,720 Speaker 1: clothes come from? Is a bigger question. And in large 13 00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:49,440 Speaker 1: part they were the work of a woman named Rose 14 00:00:49,479 --> 00:00:53,040 Speaker 1: Bertent and her staff and the town was a milliner 15 00:00:53,080 --> 00:00:56,279 Speaker 1: who found herself basically the stylus to the queen, and 16 00:00:56,320 --> 00:00:59,760 Speaker 1: she enjoyed a level of privilege that even royals were 17 00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:03,600 Speaker 1: not really given at that time. Uh. And while there 18 00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:07,280 Speaker 1: were certainly other people designing clothes long before, she was 19 00:01:07,319 --> 00:01:10,480 Speaker 1: the first to really make this sort of transition from 20 00:01:10,520 --> 00:01:14,119 Speaker 1: an anonymous dressmaker, although we'll talk in just a second 21 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:17,360 Speaker 1: about that term uh to a famous dressmaker, to like 22 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:20,800 Speaker 1: basically a famous designer. UH. And this was all because 23 00:01:20,840 --> 00:01:23,440 Speaker 1: of the patronage of you know, a famous clothes force. 24 00:01:24,200 --> 00:01:26,720 Speaker 1: And a note before we get started, UH, you'll hear 25 00:01:26,800 --> 00:01:29,640 Speaker 1: us refer to Rose Berta's throughout the episode as a milliner, 26 00:01:30,880 --> 00:01:33,080 Speaker 1: which in today's parlance would mean that she was a 27 00:01:33,080 --> 00:01:35,600 Speaker 1: hat maker. But in this time, someone with that title 28 00:01:35,640 --> 00:01:38,440 Speaker 1: didn't only make hats. A milliner could be called upon 29 00:01:38,560 --> 00:01:43,360 Speaker 1: to make dresses, to add trim and detailing to existing gowns. Sometimes, 30 00:01:43,400 --> 00:01:45,880 Speaker 1: like a gown would be brought in to be refreshed 31 00:01:45,920 --> 00:01:47,480 Speaker 1: and all the trims would be taken off and new 32 00:01:47,520 --> 00:01:50,640 Speaker 1: trims would be put on, and different um alterations would 33 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:54,040 Speaker 1: be made to make it look new and different. Other accessories, 34 00:01:54,040 --> 00:01:56,960 Speaker 1: sometimes even gloves and underpinnings, were also within the purview 35 00:01:57,040 --> 00:02:02,320 Speaker 1: of a milliner. UH. I use the terms interchangeably as 36 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:05,680 Speaker 1: milliner and dressmaker. Some historians get a little bit prickly 37 00:02:05,720 --> 00:02:11,000 Speaker 1: about that um because calling her a dressmaker sort of 38 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:14,600 Speaker 1: seems to devalue her position a little bit. To me, 39 00:02:14,639 --> 00:02:17,480 Speaker 1: it's a very important position to be called a dressmaker, 40 00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:20,160 Speaker 1: but just so you know, like she's technically a milliner, 41 00:02:20,760 --> 00:02:24,360 Speaker 1: that would be her title. Uh, I'm gonna use words interchangeably. 42 00:02:25,040 --> 00:02:26,960 Speaker 1: I'm okay with that, And I won't even talk about 43 00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:28,760 Speaker 1: We don't go into it, although we do mention one 44 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:32,959 Speaker 1: person related. The millinery trade at this time sometimes had 45 00:02:33,040 --> 00:02:36,000 Speaker 1: some negative associations with it, of women working in it 46 00:02:36,080 --> 00:02:40,800 Speaker 1: being also applying another trade. At times, it was not 47 00:02:40,840 --> 00:02:46,200 Speaker 1: known to be the most virtuous um occupation. Suddenly, this 48 00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:52,080 Speaker 1: makes the Seamstress Guild in Terry Pratchett's Discworld books really funny. 49 00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:54,760 Speaker 1: I mean, it was funny already, and now you haven't 50 00:02:54,760 --> 00:02:57,600 Speaker 1: just told me that it is even more funny. Yeah, 51 00:02:57,600 --> 00:02:59,520 Speaker 1: and we'll mention one other person that was kind of 52 00:02:59,520 --> 00:03:02,200 Speaker 1: tied to the millinery trade. That will kind of also 53 00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:04,480 Speaker 1: make that a little bit clearer and you'll see the 54 00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:07,920 Speaker 1: association's uh. But we're not really going into that whole 55 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:10,440 Speaker 1: the ceedy side of it too much should get started. 56 00:03:10,560 --> 00:03:13,840 Speaker 1: Absolutely So. Rose was born at Amien, and that was 57 00:03:13,880 --> 00:03:16,720 Speaker 1: a city about a hundred and twenty kilometers north of Parents, 58 00:03:17,160 --> 00:03:20,560 Speaker 1: and she was born on July second, seventy seven. Her 59 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:24,120 Speaker 1: name when she was born was Marie Jeanne Berton. And 60 00:03:24,480 --> 00:03:26,040 Speaker 1: one of the things that's interesting about this time in 61 00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:28,520 Speaker 1: history is that people would change their names pretty frequently, 62 00:03:29,680 --> 00:03:32,560 Speaker 1: sometimes as a move up the latter thing, and sometimes not. 63 00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:34,840 Speaker 1: But you will not hear her refer to that with 64 00:03:34,960 --> 00:03:39,400 Speaker 1: that name again. So just heads up. Her parents, Nicholas 65 00:03:39,680 --> 00:03:43,320 Speaker 1: and Marie Marguerite Breton, we're not particularly wealthy. Uh. And 66 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:46,040 Speaker 1: in an effort to provide from Marisian and her younger 67 00:03:46,080 --> 00:03:49,240 Speaker 1: brother Jean Ran, her mother worked as a sick nurse 68 00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:52,200 Speaker 1: to supplement the family income. Is what her father made 69 00:03:52,200 --> 00:03:55,120 Speaker 1: didn't really make enough for them to raise and educate 70 00:03:55,160 --> 00:03:58,880 Speaker 1: their children, which was something they really um prioritized. There's 71 00:03:58,920 --> 00:04:02,680 Speaker 1: a story in meal on glads bertem biography that Rose, 72 00:04:02,680 --> 00:04:05,720 Speaker 1: when she was still a child, became just completely obsessed 73 00:04:05,880 --> 00:04:08,920 Speaker 1: with having her palm read by a fortune teller who 74 00:04:09,120 --> 00:04:13,640 Speaker 1: was reported to be extremely insightful and was also imprisoned nearby. 75 00:04:13,800 --> 00:04:17,160 Speaker 1: And so since she had no money, Rose allegedly starved 76 00:04:17,360 --> 00:04:20,839 Speaker 1: starved herself so that she could bring food to the 77 00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:24,520 Speaker 1: fortune teller in exchange for having her palm read. Uh. 78 00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:27,080 Speaker 1: The reading was rendered, and according to the tale, the 79 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:29,479 Speaker 1: young girl was told that she would quote Rise to 80 00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:33,880 Speaker 1: great fortune and one day where a court dress. Yeah, 81 00:04:33,960 --> 00:04:37,280 Speaker 1: it's interesting. Uh. That biography, by the way, which will 82 00:04:37,320 --> 00:04:39,000 Speaker 1: reference a few more times and was one of the 83 00:04:39,040 --> 00:04:43,240 Speaker 1: big sources for this, was written in and I, Uh, 84 00:04:43,520 --> 00:04:45,960 Speaker 1: he did a lot of digging through records to get 85 00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:48,480 Speaker 1: a lot of stuff, a lot of the details and 86 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:52,080 Speaker 1: the the data about her existence and some of the 87 00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:55,200 Speaker 1: numbers and stuff. Right, but there is a little bit 88 00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:58,600 Speaker 1: of flourish, So I immediately kind of questioned this story, 89 00:04:59,560 --> 00:05:03,039 Speaker 1: but it's the interesting one to include this idea that 90 00:05:03,160 --> 00:05:07,680 Speaker 1: she was kind of obsessive and willing to do what 91 00:05:07,760 --> 00:05:11,520 Speaker 1: she had to do to achieve what she wanted. Rose's father, Nicholas, 92 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:15,760 Speaker 1: died on January seventeen fifty four, and that left the 93 00:05:15,800 --> 00:05:18,839 Speaker 1: family to survive as best they could on his wife's income. 94 00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:21,159 Speaker 1: She was still working as a sick nurse and the 95 00:05:21,240 --> 00:05:25,640 Speaker 1: family struggled, but Rose always assisted her mother whenever possible. 96 00:05:25,720 --> 00:05:27,760 Speaker 1: She was not a girl that was afraid of hard work, 97 00:05:29,040 --> 00:05:31,960 Speaker 1: so when she was only sixteen, Rose decided to move 98 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:35,160 Speaker 1: to Paris. She was smart and pretty and decided to 99 00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:38,200 Speaker 1: use her charms to secure a position as an apprentice 100 00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:41,880 Speaker 1: at a millinery shop, and the shop was called trade Gallant, 101 00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:46,960 Speaker 1: which translates to gallant stroke or gallant feature. And this 102 00:05:47,080 --> 00:05:50,599 Speaker 1: shop was run by Mademoiselle Pageot, and it was already 103 00:05:50,680 --> 00:05:53,520 Speaker 1: a supplier of accessories to the courts of France and Spain, 104 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:56,320 Speaker 1: so it was really quite a good position to get into. 105 00:05:56,760 --> 00:06:00,320 Speaker 1: Around this same time, a young woman named Jean Key 106 00:06:00,839 --> 00:06:03,719 Speaker 1: was also an apprentice at another millinary shop, which was 107 00:06:03,800 --> 00:06:08,360 Speaker 1: run by Mademoiselle Labby Uh and Jean Biqu would later 108 00:06:08,400 --> 00:06:11,440 Speaker 1: find her way into the name Madame Duberry and set 109 00:06:11,480 --> 00:06:16,080 Speaker 1: her own place in history as King Louis the fifteenth Mistress. Yeah, 110 00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:17,800 Speaker 1: that's kind of one of those tie ins of a 111 00:06:17,880 --> 00:06:21,960 Speaker 1: woman who maybe was not super virtuous working in the 112 00:06:22,040 --> 00:06:26,680 Speaker 1: millinary trade. Still laughing about the seamsters skilled Uh and 113 00:06:26,800 --> 00:06:30,080 Speaker 1: Rose had not been working for very long for Mademoiselle 114 00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:33,520 Speaker 1: when she was dispatched one evening to make a delivery 115 00:06:33,560 --> 00:06:36,880 Speaker 1: to the Princess de Conti, And while she was at 116 00:06:36,920 --> 00:06:39,960 Speaker 1: the princess's residence, she made small talk with a woman 117 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:43,159 Speaker 1: that she believed to be a chambermaid. So, of course 118 00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:46,240 Speaker 1: it turns out that she was actually talking to the princess, 119 00:06:46,480 --> 00:06:50,120 Speaker 1: and Rose was just hugely embarrassed at her gaff, and 120 00:06:50,200 --> 00:06:54,919 Speaker 1: she apologized profusely. The Princess, who had found her to 121 00:06:54,920 --> 00:06:58,040 Speaker 1: be just quite charming, reassured her that no ill had 122 00:06:58,080 --> 00:07:01,000 Speaker 1: been done, her identity had not been made a parent. 123 00:07:01,720 --> 00:07:07,680 Speaker 1: The princess also promised ongoing goodwill towards britand on her part, yeah, 124 00:07:07,720 --> 00:07:09,640 Speaker 1: that was a good friend to have made, even though 125 00:07:09,640 --> 00:07:15,080 Speaker 1: it was accidental and maybe definitely also embarrassing. Yeah, and 126 00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:17,040 Speaker 1: the story is related in a way that she showed 127 00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:18,800 Speaker 1: up and it was quite late in the evening, and 128 00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:21,600 Speaker 1: this woman was already kind of dressed down. She was 129 00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:24,760 Speaker 1: definitely not in robes that would suggest her position at all. 130 00:07:25,440 --> 00:07:27,200 Speaker 1: So that's why Rose thought, oh, it's just a mate, 131 00:07:27,480 --> 00:07:29,400 Speaker 1: just chat while we wait for other people to come 132 00:07:29,400 --> 00:07:31,800 Speaker 1: and look at these gowns I've brought. And then it 133 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:35,280 Speaker 1: was not the case at all, um, And the Princess's 134 00:07:35,320 --> 00:07:39,800 Speaker 1: fondness for this young milliner was almost immediately manifest. Soon 135 00:07:39,840 --> 00:07:44,320 Speaker 1: after the two men and this embarrassing but fundamentally beneficial 136 00:07:44,520 --> 00:07:47,680 Speaker 1: event took place, a royal marriage between a Duke de 137 00:07:47,760 --> 00:07:52,600 Speaker 1: Shot and Louise Marie led de Bourbon was arranged, and 138 00:07:52,760 --> 00:07:56,160 Speaker 1: Rose at her new royal friends recommendation was called upon 139 00:07:56,360 --> 00:07:59,160 Speaker 1: to make the bride's true show. She's like a huge 140 00:07:59,240 --> 00:08:03,200 Speaker 1: get in turn. Yeah, that's a big deal. This was 141 00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:06,160 Speaker 1: a really lucrative bridal order, and it not only brought 142 00:08:06,240 --> 00:08:08,320 Speaker 1: Rose into the favor of the royals, who would all 143 00:08:08,360 --> 00:08:12,040 Speaker 1: need clothing and accessories, but it also elevated her position 144 00:08:12,120 --> 00:08:16,640 Speaker 1: in the shop. Mademoiselle Pagelle made Rose a partner in 145 00:08:16,760 --> 00:08:20,040 Speaker 1: the in the millinery shop, and from this point on 146 00:08:20,640 --> 00:08:23,960 Speaker 1: Rose's royal patrons only grew in number. The Duchess de 147 00:08:24,040 --> 00:08:27,600 Speaker 1: Shapla became a protectress. She, like the Princess de Conti, 148 00:08:28,040 --> 00:08:34,120 Speaker 1: looked out for Rose and really helped along her business interests. Unfortunately, 149 00:08:34,640 --> 00:08:37,839 Speaker 1: the Duke du Shot also took an interest in Rose 150 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:41,559 Speaker 1: and uh really pursued her very diligently in the hopes 151 00:08:41,600 --> 00:08:44,400 Speaker 1: of a romantic relationship, but she really was not having 152 00:08:44,440 --> 00:08:47,439 Speaker 1: that at all. Whether this is because she was loyal 153 00:08:47,480 --> 00:08:50,400 Speaker 1: to her customer, the Duchess, or simply because she just 154 00:08:50,480 --> 00:08:53,880 Speaker 1: was not interested in the man is is basically unclear, 155 00:08:54,040 --> 00:08:57,200 Speaker 1: but either way, she had no time for that business 156 00:08:57,880 --> 00:09:02,120 Speaker 1: was her response. And rumors of a plot that the 157 00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:05,560 Speaker 1: Duke had concocted to kidnap Rose and take her away 158 00:09:05,600 --> 00:09:08,240 Speaker 1: to a country house to sort of force her to 159 00:09:08,320 --> 00:09:12,280 Speaker 1: become his mistress. Reached the Milliner she found out about them, 160 00:09:12,320 --> 00:09:15,200 Speaker 1: but it made her constantly fearful that, you know, at 161 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:17,199 Speaker 1: any moment someone was going to pop out from around 162 00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:18,880 Speaker 1: the corner and snatch her and take her away to 163 00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:21,880 Speaker 1: the country. Sounds terrible, it really does. Just trying to 164 00:09:21,880 --> 00:09:25,160 Speaker 1: do her work her alone, trying to take your wife's clothes. 165 00:09:25,920 --> 00:09:29,520 Speaker 1: Please get out of my way. So one day Rose 166 00:09:29,640 --> 00:09:33,000 Speaker 1: was visiting the comtest du son about an order, and 167 00:09:33,200 --> 00:09:37,160 Speaker 1: the Duke came and also made this appearance. She refused 168 00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:39,600 Speaker 1: to get out of receipt when the Duke entered, and 169 00:09:39,640 --> 00:09:42,360 Speaker 1: when the Countess questioned her about why she was acting 170 00:09:42,400 --> 00:09:45,400 Speaker 1: this way, she was straight up front about it. She 171 00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:47,920 Speaker 1: explained that the Duke had clearly forgotten his place in 172 00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:50,520 Speaker 1: pursuit of her, and so she would not honor their 173 00:09:50,559 --> 00:09:53,720 Speaker 1: societal gap. Yeah, She's like, when he remembers his place, 174 00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:55,920 Speaker 1: I will treat him like he belongs in that place. 175 00:09:56,520 --> 00:09:59,840 Speaker 1: Just kind of a wonderfully sassy and just to do 176 00:09:59,880 --> 00:10:02,560 Speaker 1: it in front of one of his you know, social 177 00:10:02,880 --> 00:10:06,000 Speaker 1: equals was very cool. People get mad sometimes and we 178 00:10:06,040 --> 00:10:08,199 Speaker 1: talk about how much we love the people were talking about. 179 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:10,440 Speaker 1: But this is at the moment when the switch goes 180 00:10:10,480 --> 00:10:14,199 Speaker 1: to I love her. Uh. And the Duke was caught 181 00:10:14,240 --> 00:10:16,400 Speaker 1: in his game in front of this pier, and he 182 00:10:16,480 --> 00:10:18,800 Speaker 1: did not deny it. But he did call Rose a 183 00:10:18,800 --> 00:10:22,880 Speaker 1: little serpent. I saw it was by the same translator 184 00:10:23,360 --> 00:10:25,520 Speaker 1: of this biography, and one he called her a viper, 185 00:10:25,559 --> 00:10:28,240 Speaker 1: and one he called her a serpent, like two different 186 00:10:29,120 --> 00:10:32,520 Speaker 1: um translations by the same person. So but the important 187 00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:35,079 Speaker 1: thing is that he left her alone after that, kind 188 00:10:35,080 --> 00:10:37,760 Speaker 1: of gave up his pursuit. Uh. And before we get 189 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:39,400 Speaker 1: to the next step in Rose's career, do you want 190 00:10:39,400 --> 00:10:41,320 Speaker 1: to pause for a moment and have a word from 191 00:10:41,360 --> 00:10:46,280 Speaker 1: a sponsor. Yes. So back to Rose Bertin. As her 192 00:10:46,280 --> 00:10:49,520 Speaker 1: popularity with the royal class group, she sort of outgrew 193 00:10:49,600 --> 00:10:52,840 Speaker 1: her position with Mademoiselle Pegette. So the Duchess was in 194 00:10:52,880 --> 00:10:56,320 Speaker 1: the habit of assisting young women in their entrepreneurial efforts, 195 00:10:56,360 --> 00:10:59,679 Speaker 1: and she had already given Rose her favor. So with 196 00:10:59,720 --> 00:11:03,079 Speaker 1: the Uchess's financial backing, Rose set up her shop a 197 00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:07,840 Speaker 1: Grand Mogul in the Rude Descent Honoree, and in addition 198 00:11:07,840 --> 00:11:11,280 Speaker 1: to bankrolling this enterprise, the Duchess de Hipload also used 199 00:11:11,280 --> 00:11:14,200 Speaker 1: her position to send business Rose's way and kind of 200 00:11:14,240 --> 00:11:17,079 Speaker 1: anchors Rosa's pr agent within the royal class, which she 201 00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:19,080 Speaker 1: had already been doing to some degree, but once she 202 00:11:19,120 --> 00:11:22,200 Speaker 1: had financially set up this business, she really wanted it 203 00:11:22,240 --> 00:11:26,360 Speaker 1: to succeed. In seventeen seventy, the Duchess met with Madame 204 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:30,320 Speaker 1: Dannaya and Madame the Misery, and these were the lady 205 00:11:30,360 --> 00:11:32,840 Speaker 1: in waiting in first chambermaid who had been selected to 206 00:11:32,920 --> 00:11:37,760 Speaker 1: attend the new Dolphine, who was Marie Antoinette. The Duchess 207 00:11:37,880 --> 00:11:42,320 Speaker 1: praised Rosa's skills and personality and suggested that she'd be 208 00:11:42,400 --> 00:11:45,320 Speaker 1: chosen to make the ensemble that the new Princess would 209 00:11:45,400 --> 00:11:49,400 Speaker 1: change into at Strasburg border crossing as she stepped onto 210 00:11:49,480 --> 00:11:53,160 Speaker 1: French soil and became a woman of France. Yes, so, 211 00:11:53,280 --> 00:11:55,600 Speaker 1: just in case anybody doesn't know that hasn't seen the 212 00:11:55,600 --> 00:12:00,920 Speaker 1: movies about Marie Antoinette, etcetera. When she crossed from Austria 213 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:03,560 Speaker 1: into France, she changed all of her clothes, she changed 214 00:12:03,600 --> 00:12:05,920 Speaker 1: everything so that she would emerge onto French soil as 215 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:09,560 Speaker 1: a French princess and leave Austria behind. And so Rose 216 00:12:09,640 --> 00:12:11,760 Speaker 1: made that outfit that she changed into, which is a 217 00:12:11,840 --> 00:12:14,600 Speaker 1: huge deal because that was also the outfit that most 218 00:12:14,600 --> 00:12:17,280 Speaker 1: people would see her in for the first time, sort 219 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:23,240 Speaker 1: of her arrival ensemble symbolic and also actually important. And 220 00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:27,640 Speaker 1: the lobbying of the Duchess's chapla, along with similar please 221 00:12:27,800 --> 00:12:31,000 Speaker 1: from other royals that Barton had won over as clients, 222 00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:34,400 Speaker 1: actually got the young entrepreneur her order and the first 223 00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:37,880 Speaker 1: exposure to her of her work to the new Princess. So, 224 00:12:37,960 --> 00:12:41,080 Speaker 1: in addition to it being important because it was a 225 00:12:41,200 --> 00:12:45,120 Speaker 1: huge imagery issue for France, it also gave the woman 226 00:12:45,160 --> 00:12:47,920 Speaker 1: who would be queen her first taste of French clothing, 227 00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:52,080 Speaker 1: so it was important on many levels. Yeah, so bertend 228 00:12:52,240 --> 00:12:55,240 Speaker 1: soon got her first in person introduction to the princess 229 00:12:55,280 --> 00:13:00,199 Speaker 1: from Austria. It's entirely likely that the talented but also 230 00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:03,920 Speaker 1: business savvy milliner was just completely aware of the opportunity 231 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:07,200 Speaker 1: that was presenting itself to her. If she pleased the 232 00:13:07,240 --> 00:13:11,040 Speaker 1: new Dolphine, all of France would be clamoring for her work, 233 00:13:11,880 --> 00:13:14,520 Speaker 1: and thanks again to the high praise that her existing 234 00:13:14,559 --> 00:13:17,959 Speaker 1: clientele gave her, fine, she was awarded a royal order 235 00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:21,160 Speaker 1: for the Princess in the amount of two twenty thousand livres, 236 00:13:21,280 --> 00:13:24,120 Speaker 1: which is worth roughly four thousand dollars at the time. 237 00:13:24,200 --> 00:13:27,240 Speaker 1: So that's in seventeen seventy two, so that is a 238 00:13:27,320 --> 00:13:30,000 Speaker 1: huge fortune really, So we should point out that this 239 00:13:30,160 --> 00:13:32,440 Speaker 1: rise to the favor of the queen was not like 240 00:13:32,480 --> 00:13:36,319 Speaker 1: an instantaneous process. Marie Antoinette had arrived in France in 241 00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:40,040 Speaker 1: seventeen seventy and it was seventeen seventy two when Britague 242 00:13:40,080 --> 00:13:43,480 Speaker 1: got her first order. There were a lot more to 243 00:13:43,520 --> 00:13:49,839 Speaker 1: come after that though. The Dauphine's clothing allowance in seventy 244 00:13:49,480 --> 00:13:54,400 Speaker 1: seventeen seventy two was one hundred and twenty thousand livres annually, 245 00:13:54,640 --> 00:13:58,000 Speaker 1: and that's roughly twenty four thousand dollars, very very roughly, 246 00:13:59,160 --> 00:14:01,720 Speaker 1: but about one order of that money. I mean, even 247 00:14:01,720 --> 00:14:03,520 Speaker 1: in today's money, if you just told me you have 248 00:14:03,520 --> 00:14:05,880 Speaker 1: twenty four dollars to spend on clothes this year, I'd 249 00:14:05,880 --> 00:14:09,400 Speaker 1: be like, right on high five, I'm laughing. I would 250 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:12,400 Speaker 1: show up to work in a ball gown every day, um, 251 00:14:12,559 --> 00:14:15,800 Speaker 1: But about one quarter of that expense was allocated for 252 00:14:15,920 --> 00:14:18,280 Speaker 1: quote ordinary dresses, like the dresses she would just wear 253 00:14:18,280 --> 00:14:19,960 Speaker 1: in her day to day life. If there was nothing 254 00:14:19,960 --> 00:14:22,920 Speaker 1: important to do, just highly unlikely when you are a dauphine, 255 00:14:23,400 --> 00:14:27,800 Speaker 1: because then three quarters of that was designated for extraordinary expenses, 256 00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:31,600 Speaker 1: i e. Fancy pants, unicorn dresses, like all of the 257 00:14:31,960 --> 00:14:34,480 Speaker 1: big You're going to an event, you're being presented at X, 258 00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:38,400 Speaker 1: Y or Z, You're going to meet another member of 259 00:14:38,480 --> 00:14:41,080 Speaker 1: royalty from another country that's here with an envoy, any 260 00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:44,000 Speaker 1: of those types of things. So that already is a 261 00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:47,520 Speaker 1: lot of money. In October of seventeen seventy four, Marie 262 00:14:47,560 --> 00:14:55,400 Speaker 1: Ants when it's clothing allowance rose to two hundred thousand libra. Yeah. Again, 263 00:14:55,680 --> 00:14:59,400 Speaker 1: it's almost doubling it from before. I mean not quite almost, 264 00:14:59,520 --> 00:15:01,480 Speaker 1: but almost. It brings it to I mean I'm doing 265 00:15:01,520 --> 00:15:02,960 Speaker 1: quick math in my head and brings it to close 266 00:15:02,960 --> 00:15:06,360 Speaker 1: to at the time still, I mean it's like a 267 00:15:06,400 --> 00:15:08,920 Speaker 1: million dollar budget. Now. I could not find a good 268 00:15:08,920 --> 00:15:12,360 Speaker 1: comparison of like what that would equal. It's really hard 269 00:15:12,400 --> 00:15:15,280 Speaker 1: to compare dollar amount well, and especially because livra no 270 00:15:15,320 --> 00:15:18,880 Speaker 1: longer exists as a form of currency, so tricky. But 271 00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:23,280 Speaker 1: once Marie Antoinette became queen, she uh. In her first 272 00:15:23,320 --> 00:15:26,440 Speaker 1: year as queen, she accrued in a debt of three 273 00:15:26,520 --> 00:15:30,720 Speaker 1: hundred thousand livre in clothing expenses, and the King did 274 00:15:30,720 --> 00:15:33,000 Speaker 1: not actually know she was racking up quite that much, 275 00:15:34,160 --> 00:15:37,720 Speaker 1: but she did it just the same. So the vast 276 00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:40,800 Speaker 1: majority of this money was going right to Rose Berton. 277 00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:44,800 Speaker 1: And so this sounds incredibly lucrative, and it is. It 278 00:15:44,920 --> 00:15:47,160 Speaker 1: was only a small portion of the money that she 279 00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:51,280 Speaker 1: was making through her shop. So that where the Dauphine 280 00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:53,960 Speaker 1: and then Queen went for her gowns and her accessories, 281 00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:56,920 Speaker 1: that was where everyone wanted to go. Yeah, I mean 282 00:15:56,920 --> 00:16:01,640 Speaker 1: Bartana really had kind of become this huge um business 283 00:16:01,720 --> 00:16:05,600 Speaker 1: juggernaut in a way, because you know, and we should 284 00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:08,120 Speaker 1: I shouldn't I mischaracterized when I wrote in the notes 285 00:16:08,200 --> 00:16:09,720 Speaker 1: that it's like a small part of her business. It 286 00:16:09,760 --> 00:16:11,280 Speaker 1: was a huge part of her business. But she was 287 00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:14,360 Speaker 1: getting a lot of business on top of that. So 288 00:16:14,560 --> 00:16:20,520 Speaker 1: I mean millions of dollars in the very vague equivalent 289 00:16:20,560 --> 00:16:23,520 Speaker 1: of today's money being spent in this one millinery shop 290 00:16:23,520 --> 00:16:28,960 Speaker 1: on clothes by the royal class. Uh. And we talked 291 00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:32,200 Speaker 1: about Mary Antoinette becoming queen, and we should talk about 292 00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:35,280 Speaker 1: her coronation gown because it was quite something and it 293 00:16:35,320 --> 00:16:40,680 Speaker 1: was a betime creation. So Traditionally, the clothing choices for 294 00:16:40,680 --> 00:16:44,080 Speaker 1: the male royals and attendance at a coronation ceremony would 295 00:16:44,120 --> 00:16:48,560 Speaker 1: be in a style which evoked no specific era or 296 00:16:48,640 --> 00:16:54,320 Speaker 1: style of dress. Of course, neither Murray Antoinette nor Rose 297 00:16:54,400 --> 00:16:58,680 Speaker 1: Bertan would agree to that idea at all. Yeah, And additionally, 298 00:16:58,800 --> 00:17:01,720 Speaker 1: I mean they kind of had this this room to 299 00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:04,880 Speaker 1: argue about it, or argue their case because a royal 300 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:07,720 Speaker 1: consort had not been part of a coronation since Catherine 301 00:17:07,720 --> 00:17:11,840 Speaker 1: de Medici in seven. There had been several bachelor kings 302 00:17:11,840 --> 00:17:15,160 Speaker 1: in a row on the French throne. So uh, there 303 00:17:15,320 --> 00:17:17,760 Speaker 1: was more than a two hundred year long lag since 304 00:17:17,800 --> 00:17:21,200 Speaker 1: the last lady in Marie Antoinette's position, and there wasn't 305 00:17:21,280 --> 00:17:23,840 Speaker 1: a convention to follow based on that, And so the 306 00:17:23,920 --> 00:17:26,760 Speaker 1: Dauphine and her designer kind of took advantage of that 307 00:17:26,800 --> 00:17:28,800 Speaker 1: gap in protocol to go, all right, we're making a 308 00:17:28,840 --> 00:17:31,280 Speaker 1: huge gown and it's going to be ridiculous and wonderful. 309 00:17:31,760 --> 00:17:36,120 Speaker 1: That ridiculous and wonderful, is right. The gown Bertemp made 310 00:17:36,119 --> 00:17:39,560 Speaker 1: for Marie Antoinette to where it was encrusted with jewels, 311 00:17:39,640 --> 00:17:44,240 Speaker 1: including many many sapphires, and also heavy embroidery. This made 312 00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:49,160 Speaker 1: the garment enormously heavy. Uh. The dressmaker slash designer tried 313 00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:52,040 Speaker 1: to arrange a special carriage just to take it to 314 00:17:52,160 --> 00:17:54,119 Speaker 1: the seam to be clean. Yeah, I don't know that 315 00:17:54,240 --> 00:17:57,720 Speaker 1: she was granted that wish and Marie Antoinette was placed 316 00:17:57,760 --> 00:18:03,119 Speaker 1: on a special stand and to view the ceremony. And 317 00:18:03,160 --> 00:18:06,520 Speaker 1: I don't know if you know load bearing issues were 318 00:18:06,560 --> 00:18:09,400 Speaker 1: part of that because of this gown, she couldn't really 319 00:18:09,440 --> 00:18:11,760 Speaker 1: walk around in it. Yeah, gowns of this era were 320 00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:16,240 Speaker 1: already extremely heavy compared to what we wear today. Yeah, 321 00:18:16,720 --> 00:18:21,560 Speaker 1: this would be extraordinarily heavy on top of that already heavy, Yeah, 322 00:18:21,600 --> 00:18:24,359 Speaker 1: I mean it would not be People probably have the 323 00:18:24,400 --> 00:18:27,879 Speaker 1: image of the big, wide hipped you know, the penny 324 00:18:27,920 --> 00:18:31,760 Speaker 1: a U shaped gowns. It's not uncommon for those to 325 00:18:31,840 --> 00:18:34,400 Speaker 1: take twenty yards of fabric just because of the many 326 00:18:34,520 --> 00:18:37,800 Speaker 1: layers and the the shape of it is so wide, 327 00:18:39,440 --> 00:18:41,200 Speaker 1: it's so on top of the weight of twenty yards 328 00:18:41,200 --> 00:18:44,280 Speaker 1: of fabric is the weight of Heaven only knows the 329 00:18:44,359 --> 00:18:48,200 Speaker 1: value of all of those jewels and heavy like gold 330 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:52,320 Speaker 1: bouyon embroidery, which is very heavy on its own, and 331 00:18:52,359 --> 00:18:57,160 Speaker 1: then underpinning in case that was not enough. Yes, so 332 00:18:57,320 --> 00:19:02,760 Speaker 1: it was a significant achievement and clothing engineering, I would 333 00:19:02,760 --> 00:19:07,679 Speaker 1: even say so. As the crowds followed Marie Antoninette in style, 334 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:10,760 Speaker 1: Briton was able to develop this rather ingenious way to 335 00:19:10,840 --> 00:19:13,000 Speaker 1: just keep the money flowing in. She would take the 336 00:19:13,119 --> 00:19:15,199 Speaker 1: orders from the rest of the royals for gowns that 337 00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:17,560 Speaker 1: were similar to the ones of the Queen war And 338 00:19:17,640 --> 00:19:20,280 Speaker 1: as the Queen saw more and more people dressed like her, 339 00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:22,960 Speaker 1: she would get tired of that and want something new 340 00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:26,639 Speaker 1: and different. Yes, so Britton would design new styles for 341 00:19:26,680 --> 00:19:29,159 Speaker 1: her majesty. You know, she also had a hand in 342 00:19:29,440 --> 00:19:32,240 Speaker 1: in the hairstyle, so there was lifting the hair higher, 343 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:34,520 Speaker 1: there was shifting the drape of a skirt by bustling 344 00:19:34,520 --> 00:19:38,640 Speaker 1: at all, a polonaise, accenting with feathers, et cetera. And 345 00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:41,520 Speaker 1: with each of these changes that kind of updated the style, 346 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:43,960 Speaker 1: the masses would follow and the Queen would again want 347 00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:47,280 Speaker 1: something new. So she kind of developed this perfect cycle 348 00:19:47,359 --> 00:19:51,920 Speaker 1: of just continuous orders planned obsolescence of royal clothing. So 349 00:19:51,960 --> 00:19:56,480 Speaker 1: smart it was really an effective business model. Her shop 350 00:19:56,560 --> 00:19:59,199 Speaker 1: stayed busy with an array of clients wanting all the 351 00:19:59,240 --> 00:20:02,240 Speaker 1: latest style, while she simultaneously worked on fashions for the 352 00:20:02,320 --> 00:20:04,919 Speaker 1: Queen that we're going to become the next big style 353 00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:07,159 Speaker 1: and bring the same people right back to her for 354 00:20:07,280 --> 00:20:10,760 Speaker 1: a wardrobe update. And in France and particularly the Court 355 00:20:10,840 --> 00:20:13,480 Speaker 1: of France at the time, to be out of date 356 00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:16,760 Speaker 1: on your style was really an embarrassment and could really 357 00:20:16,760 --> 00:20:21,440 Speaker 1: affect you socially, which is ridiculous, but that's how it works, uh. 358 00:20:21,600 --> 00:20:24,080 Speaker 1: And Bartag normally visited the Queen twice a week and 359 00:20:24,119 --> 00:20:27,400 Speaker 1: she would discuss new designs. She would review sketches and textiles. 360 00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:30,399 Speaker 1: They would talk about the styling and accessorizing that was 361 00:20:30,440 --> 00:20:33,720 Speaker 1: going to accompany individual looks. Uh. And so she really 362 00:20:33,760 --> 00:20:37,119 Speaker 1: became her stylist, and in many regards, even though there 363 00:20:37,119 --> 00:20:39,560 Speaker 1: were other people making clothes for the Queen as well. 364 00:20:39,600 --> 00:20:42,480 Speaker 1: If that can just blow your mind some more hundreds 365 00:20:42,520 --> 00:20:46,000 Speaker 1: of gowns a year um. But this level of access 366 00:20:46,040 --> 00:20:48,919 Speaker 1: to the Queen that Bartag had would normally be absolutely 367 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:53,240 Speaker 1: unheard of for someone outside the royal circle. But Briant 368 00:20:53,240 --> 00:20:55,880 Speaker 1: to win It's obsession with fashion afforded the millinery these 369 00:20:55,880 --> 00:20:59,400 Speaker 1: special privileges, and it also earned bear Town the nickname 370 00:20:59,480 --> 00:21:03,919 Speaker 1: Minister Fashion. Among Marie Antoinette's critics she was really getting 371 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:05,840 Speaker 1: land based in the press a lot as being the 372 00:21:05,880 --> 00:21:09,080 Speaker 1: source of waste or one of the purveyors of waste 373 00:21:09,119 --> 00:21:13,080 Speaker 1: in the the royal court, that she they had realized 374 00:21:13,080 --> 00:21:15,920 Speaker 1: she had figured out this wonderful way to keep money 375 00:21:15,960 --> 00:21:19,800 Speaker 1: coming in constantly, and that she was purposely kind of 376 00:21:19,840 --> 00:21:23,560 Speaker 1: putting an expiration date on everything by making similar copies 377 00:21:23,600 --> 00:21:28,000 Speaker 1: of dresses. Uh. And they they really kind of lampooned 378 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:30,919 Speaker 1: her in the press. So it's important to remember that 379 00:21:30,960 --> 00:21:34,080 Speaker 1: while Barton was benefiting financially from her relationship with the 380 00:21:34,160 --> 00:21:38,320 Speaker 1: Queen and the Queen's circle, the real benefit was this 381 00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 1: so called protection that she had been offered by so 382 00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:43,840 Speaker 1: many of them. So for example, at one point, one 383 00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:46,720 Speaker 1: of Breton's relatives, who was a widow making her living 384 00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:50,920 Speaker 1: as a bookseller, was arrested for selling pamphlets that satirized 385 00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:54,399 Speaker 1: public officials in seventeen seventy three. Breton was able to 386 00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:56,720 Speaker 1: just call up all of her friends among the royalty 387 00:21:56,800 --> 00:22:01,200 Speaker 1: for help. So first her relative was released from the Bestie, 388 00:22:01,440 --> 00:22:04,520 Speaker 1: but at her sentencing she was exiled from Paris for 389 00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:08,600 Speaker 1: five years as a punishment, and Barton continued to campaign 390 00:22:08,680 --> 00:22:12,840 Speaker 1: on behalf of the bookseller. After this, this sentencing happened, 391 00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:15,760 Speaker 1: and thanks to pressure from Marie Antoinette and other ladies 392 00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:18,600 Speaker 1: of the court, that sentence was overturned a month after 393 00:22:18,640 --> 00:22:21,600 Speaker 1: it was issued. So not only did this woman wind 394 00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:24,359 Speaker 1: up being freed, but then she was invited to dine 395 00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:27,040 Speaker 1: with the Queen and she became the court bookseller, which 396 00:22:27,119 --> 00:22:30,840 Speaker 1: was a position that she held until the Revolution ousted 397 00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:35,320 Speaker 1: Louis the sixteenth from his seat. And in another instance, 398 00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:37,959 Speaker 1: during a royal procession through Paris en route to an 399 00:22:37,960 --> 00:22:41,879 Speaker 1: event which had many carriages in it, the Queen, seeing 400 00:22:41,880 --> 00:22:44,160 Speaker 1: Barton and her staff on the balcony of the shop 401 00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:48,640 Speaker 1: in rutissent, Honore acknowledged her dressmaker, which is a huge 402 00:22:48,680 --> 00:22:50,680 Speaker 1: honor for you know, a queen to point you out 403 00:22:50,720 --> 00:22:54,040 Speaker 1: and kind of nod to you in one of these processions, 404 00:22:54,119 --> 00:22:57,080 Speaker 1: and this resulted in every carriage after that of the 405 00:22:57,160 --> 00:23:01,560 Speaker 1: King and Queen also having to acknowledge her. Uh. Apparently, 406 00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:05,800 Speaker 1: Barton spent the day basically curteyed carriages, and on at 407 00:23:05,840 --> 00:23:09,000 Speaker 1: least two equate occasions, the Queen also arranged for Barton 408 00:23:09,119 --> 00:23:11,040 Speaker 1: to be led to a better seat at the theater 409 00:23:11,560 --> 00:23:14,240 Speaker 1: when she was when she realized that her stylist was 410 00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:17,119 Speaker 1: sitting in a less than stellar position to enjoy the entertainment. 411 00:23:17,560 --> 00:23:21,800 Speaker 1: So Barton had really achieved an unprecedented level, like an 412 00:23:21,840 --> 00:23:25,239 Speaker 1: unprecedented rise from her beginnings to where she ended up 413 00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:28,040 Speaker 1: once she had the favor of the Queen. So to 414 00:23:28,080 --> 00:23:31,320 Speaker 1: be granted these kinds of favor, favors and especially with 415 00:23:31,359 --> 00:23:35,280 Speaker 1: this much regularity by those in the highest positions of society, 416 00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:39,680 Speaker 1: was quite an accomplishment for this, you know, girl from 417 00:23:40,080 --> 00:23:44,399 Speaker 1: I'm Young. So other women such as Madame Duberry, who 418 00:23:44,440 --> 00:23:47,399 Speaker 1: we talked about earlier, had basically slept their way to 419 00:23:47,440 --> 00:23:50,800 Speaker 1: the top of French society. Breton had used her entrepreneurial 420 00:23:50,840 --> 00:23:53,720 Speaker 1: skill to get there. Yeah, which really says quite a 421 00:23:53,720 --> 00:23:56,080 Speaker 1: bit about her and support the idea of how very 422 00:23:56,119 --> 00:23:59,440 Speaker 1: smart she was. Uh. And as she cemented her place 423 00:23:59,480 --> 00:24:02,560 Speaker 1: as a milan or to the nobility, she did have 424 00:24:02,720 --> 00:24:07,119 Speaker 1: a little bit of uh that thing that often happens 425 00:24:07,160 --> 00:24:10,000 Speaker 1: to people when they get famous really quickly. She got 426 00:24:10,040 --> 00:24:13,959 Speaker 1: a little bit of a superior attitude sometimes. Uh. There 427 00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:16,080 Speaker 1: are tales of her telling clients that she was going 428 00:24:16,119 --> 00:24:18,280 Speaker 1: to delay their orders because she and the Queen had 429 00:24:18,320 --> 00:24:22,080 Speaker 1: decided that a style should not be debuted until later, 430 00:24:22,760 --> 00:24:25,840 Speaker 1: and she would sometimes shrug off customers of lower rank 431 00:24:26,359 --> 00:24:28,760 Speaker 1: by selling them fashions that were out of date, even 432 00:24:28,760 --> 00:24:31,520 Speaker 1: though wearing them would be social suicide. Like there's one 433 00:24:31,520 --> 00:24:35,840 Speaker 1: tale of a nobleman who is trying to get a 434 00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:39,160 Speaker 1: hat for a relative or a friend who is from 435 00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:41,000 Speaker 1: the country, and she's like, sell them on the last 436 00:24:41,000 --> 00:24:43,960 Speaker 1: month's hats. Yeah. So she really was just kind of 437 00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:46,199 Speaker 1: saying like, you're unimportant, I don't really care about you, 438 00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:48,520 Speaker 1: which is a terrible way to do business. But she 439 00:24:48,600 --> 00:24:50,600 Speaker 1: had so much she kind of felt like she could 440 00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:57,399 Speaker 1: make these, uh, less than ideal statements to people. She 441 00:24:57,600 --> 00:25:00,280 Speaker 1: also is said to have responded to criticis is hum 442 00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:04,120 Speaker 1: from people by reminding them that her work was good 443 00:25:04,200 --> 00:25:06,879 Speaker 1: enough for the Queen. I personally have no problem with 444 00:25:06,920 --> 00:25:09,520 Speaker 1: her saying this. Yeah, it sounds like she was pretty 445 00:25:09,520 --> 00:25:12,399 Speaker 1: petulant about it, though, where someone said, oh, you know 446 00:25:12,600 --> 00:25:15,520 Speaker 1: this dress, uh, this bodice isn't quite right, and she'd 447 00:25:15,560 --> 00:25:18,080 Speaker 1: be like, it's good enough with the Queen. Yeah. It's 448 00:25:18,160 --> 00:25:20,600 Speaker 1: kind of a snooty, petuity way to do it. I 449 00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:23,760 Speaker 1: can't understand it in point of fact, but uh. She 450 00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:26,040 Speaker 1: would also turn down work for the wives of white 451 00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:28,359 Speaker 1: collar workers, so like if a lawyer's wife came to her, 452 00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:31,120 Speaker 1: she'd be like, I don't really need your business. Uh. 453 00:25:31,160 --> 00:25:34,120 Speaker 1: This backfired on her though, because one of her employees, 454 00:25:34,880 --> 00:25:37,200 Speaker 1: UH set up shop for herself and made a pretty 455 00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:40,200 Speaker 1: good living catering to the customers that Bartang cast off, 456 00:25:40,840 --> 00:25:44,119 Speaker 1: and they became rivals to some degree. And after an 457 00:25:44,119 --> 00:25:47,760 Speaker 1: altercation where the furious Barton allegedly spat in the face 458 00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:51,159 Speaker 1: of this former employee, there was a dramatic legal battle. 459 00:25:52,480 --> 00:25:54,600 Speaker 1: So her snobbery kind of bit her on the tail. 460 00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:58,679 Speaker 1: So Mademoiselle Pico, who was the former employee, said that 461 00:25:58,720 --> 00:26:02,000 Speaker 1: she was so shocked by Bertime's behavior that she passed out. 462 00:26:02,240 --> 00:26:05,240 Speaker 1: Britag countered that she had never behaved in such a manner. 463 00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:08,919 Speaker 1: The initial judgment found Bertag guilty, but she appealed, and 464 00:26:09,000 --> 00:26:11,720 Speaker 1: at this point the Queen intervened, So not only was 465 00:26:11,760 --> 00:26:15,560 Speaker 1: the previous judgment overturned, but Mademoiselle Pico was also ordered 466 00:26:15,600 --> 00:26:18,280 Speaker 1: to pay the expenses that were associated with the appeal. 467 00:26:18,760 --> 00:26:21,200 Speaker 1: So yet another example of where it was really good 468 00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:23,320 Speaker 1: for Barton to have all these friends in high places. 469 00:26:23,840 --> 00:26:27,040 Speaker 1: So because of her close association with the Queen and 470 00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:30,320 Speaker 1: the Queen's circle. It is probably no surprise that as 471 00:26:30,359 --> 00:26:33,199 Speaker 1: the revolution shifted the balance of power in France, it 472 00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:37,919 Speaker 1: also shifted Birtann's fortunes. Even after the royal family was 473 00:26:37,960 --> 00:26:41,199 Speaker 1: in custody of the National Assembly, Britang continued to deliver 474 00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:43,639 Speaker 1: gowns to the Queen, although they were much simpler than 475 00:26:43,640 --> 00:26:48,080 Speaker 1: what she'd been making before. And these deliveries, uh, it's 476 00:26:48,119 --> 00:26:50,880 Speaker 1: worth pointing out we're definitely an act of devotion. So 477 00:26:50,960 --> 00:26:54,000 Speaker 1: at the time, the Milliner, having lost her social standing 478 00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:56,919 Speaker 1: in large part, was also having trouble collecting debts from 479 00:26:56,960 --> 00:27:00,320 Speaker 1: other clients. And so even though her finances as we're 480 00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:03,760 Speaker 1: starting to crumble, she still clothed the dethroned queen like 481 00:27:03,800 --> 00:27:07,120 Speaker 1: she was still very appreciative of their relationship. Once Marie 482 00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:10,800 Speaker 1: An's when it was executed, Pretend, realizing that things were 483 00:27:10,800 --> 00:27:12,760 Speaker 1: not going to go well for her, fled to London. 484 00:27:13,359 --> 00:27:15,800 Speaker 1: She set up a shop there and catered to many 485 00:27:15,880 --> 00:27:18,760 Speaker 1: of her previous patrons from France who had also fled. 486 00:27:19,560 --> 00:27:21,959 Speaker 1: She did return to France a couple of years later, though, 487 00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:25,600 Speaker 1: in but she had no career at the level that 488 00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:28,480 Speaker 1: she had once known. To go back to her name 489 00:27:28,520 --> 00:27:31,800 Speaker 1: was associated still with Louis the sixteenth of Marianntoinette, and 490 00:27:31,880 --> 00:27:34,320 Speaker 1: the styles of dresses that she really excelled at were 491 00:27:34,359 --> 00:27:37,880 Speaker 1: no longer fashionable. Uh. The fashion dolls that she had 492 00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:41,200 Speaker 1: once made as miniature versions of her fashion designs, which 493 00:27:41,200 --> 00:27:43,440 Speaker 1: would be sent out sort of as three D catalogs 494 00:27:43,440 --> 00:27:45,960 Speaker 1: for people to see. Like it was almost like if 495 00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:48,560 Speaker 1: you picture a fashion doll today in a beautiful gown, 496 00:27:48,560 --> 00:27:51,520 Speaker 1: and you would go, I want that gown. Um. They 497 00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:54,359 Speaker 1: became popular as collectible, so she was still making those 498 00:27:54,359 --> 00:27:55,919 Speaker 1: and she was still making a living. It wasn't like 499 00:27:55,960 --> 00:27:59,200 Speaker 1: she was a pariah, but she was really never able 500 00:27:59,240 --> 00:28:01,320 Speaker 1: to return to the level of success that she had 501 00:28:01,359 --> 00:28:05,720 Speaker 1: known during Louis the sixteenth reign. Eventually, Louie Nicola Berta, 502 00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:08,200 Speaker 1: who was Rose's nephew, was set up in her old 503 00:28:08,240 --> 00:28:12,400 Speaker 1: shop and he sold Linen's and other fancy articles. Rose 504 00:28:12,440 --> 00:28:15,760 Speaker 1: still owned the shop, but she was mired in ongoing 505 00:28:15,800 --> 00:28:19,560 Speaker 1: efforts to settle all the old pre revolution debts, and 506 00:28:19,680 --> 00:28:22,280 Speaker 1: in the early eighteen hundreds, is she had gotten older, 507 00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:25,800 Speaker 1: Rose would occasionally still sell small orders to royals who 508 00:28:25,800 --> 00:28:29,119 Speaker 1: remembered her as a broker of the most elegant styles, 509 00:28:29,160 --> 00:28:31,680 Speaker 1: but these really served to kind of stroke her ego 510 00:28:31,760 --> 00:28:35,520 Speaker 1: more than they filled her pocketbook. While she struggled financially, 511 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:39,160 Speaker 1: Rose also offered her services to old friends as favors. 512 00:28:39,200 --> 00:28:42,920 Speaker 1: She never really pressed them for payment. It's like all 513 00:28:42,960 --> 00:28:46,320 Speaker 1: of her wiles that she had used to make such 514 00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:53,760 Speaker 1: a huge fortune stopped being part of her her operating plan. Yeah. Uh. 515 00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:56,320 Speaker 1: You know, while she was at the height of her career, 516 00:28:56,400 --> 00:29:00,280 Speaker 1: really difficult and judgmental by some people's descriptions, she seemed 517 00:29:00,280 --> 00:29:02,640 Speaker 1: to soften a lot after the Revolution took the wind 518 00:29:02,640 --> 00:29:04,520 Speaker 1: out of her sales. And I think she saw a 519 00:29:04,560 --> 00:29:06,680 Speaker 1: sort of camaraderie with these people that were in a 520 00:29:07,280 --> 00:29:10,120 Speaker 1: similar boat, of like, we had this life and now 521 00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:13,040 Speaker 1: everything has changed, and now we're kind of all in 522 00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:15,840 Speaker 1: this together, and let's take care of each other with dresses, 523 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:21,640 Speaker 1: with beautiful clothes. Uh. Sadly, Rose died on September twenty eight, 524 00:29:21,920 --> 00:29:25,080 Speaker 1: thirteen in the village of Epinay, where she owned land 525 00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:28,200 Speaker 1: and spent her time away from Paris. She was sixty six, 526 00:29:28,760 --> 00:29:31,680 Speaker 1: and while she was certainly no longer famous the way 527 00:29:31,680 --> 00:29:34,600 Speaker 1: she had been in her heyday, her obituary did run 528 00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:38,200 Speaker 1: in numerous papers, and there were many kind remembrances written 529 00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:41,400 Speaker 1: about both her style and her generosity, particularly later in life, 530 00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:45,360 Speaker 1: although even before she became famous, people would talk about 531 00:29:45,400 --> 00:29:47,360 Speaker 1: how how sweet she was and how she was very kind. 532 00:29:47,440 --> 00:29:49,280 Speaker 1: So it seems like she kind of became a little 533 00:29:49,280 --> 00:29:51,040 Speaker 1: bit of a tyrant for a brief period when she 534 00:29:51,120 --> 00:29:54,640 Speaker 1: was super wildly popular, uh, and then that shifted back 535 00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:58,240 Speaker 1: to sort of her her more natural nature. Her two nephews, 536 00:29:58,280 --> 00:30:02,120 Speaker 1: Claude Charlemagne and Nicholas, and two nieces discovered that there 537 00:30:02,120 --> 00:30:05,480 Speaker 1: were still many uncollected debts that were owed to Barton, 538 00:30:06,120 --> 00:30:08,280 Speaker 1: and so after she died they did manage to recover 539 00:30:08,360 --> 00:30:10,480 Speaker 1: some of that money for the estate, but it took 540 00:30:10,520 --> 00:30:15,440 Speaker 1: several decades. They really had to work quite diligently to 541 00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:19,239 Speaker 1: collect any of that money. In the introduction to the 542 00:30:19,320 --> 00:30:24,000 Speaker 1: biography that we referenced earlier by Emil Langelade, he wrote, 543 00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:27,920 Speaker 1: the reign of Marie Antoinette was one of futility and chiffon, 544 00:30:28,440 --> 00:30:30,760 Speaker 1: and if the queen did not create the office of 545 00:30:30,800 --> 00:30:34,280 Speaker 1: a minister of fashion, the court of Versailles was nevertheless 546 00:30:34,320 --> 00:30:38,320 Speaker 1: always crowded with hair dressers, dressmakers, and milliners who exercised 547 00:30:38,320 --> 00:30:42,400 Speaker 1: more influence than the King's counselors. Rose Bertown was one 548 00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:46,880 Speaker 1: of their numbers. Yeah, she definitely had a huge impact 549 00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:51,000 Speaker 1: on fashion and happenings of the day. I mean it 550 00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:53,040 Speaker 1: was more than clothes. She was making clothes, but it 551 00:30:53,080 --> 00:30:56,480 Speaker 1: was more than clothes. And I just kind of love, 552 00:30:56,680 --> 00:31:00,240 Speaker 1: you know, any backstory on fashion designers. Well, and the 553 00:31:00,680 --> 00:31:04,040 Speaker 1: first portion of the story that basically going from nothing 554 00:31:04,160 --> 00:31:07,320 Speaker 1: to being the primary dressmaker to the clean reminds me 555 00:31:07,400 --> 00:31:12,720 Speaker 1: of Don't Laugh, the Katy Perry movie, where we basically 556 00:31:15,360 --> 00:31:17,800 Speaker 1: we basically learned that all of her stylists and makeup 557 00:31:17,800 --> 00:31:19,920 Speaker 1: people and people making her dresses, a lot of them 558 00:31:19,920 --> 00:31:22,000 Speaker 1: are are people that she knew from before she became 559 00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:25,480 Speaker 1: really famous, and she kind of brought them to her 560 00:31:25,520 --> 00:31:29,120 Speaker 1: crazy outlandish clothing. And now they have makes an entertainment. 561 00:31:29,160 --> 00:31:32,160 Speaker 1: Now they have careers in entertainment. Not not so much. 562 00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:35,760 Speaker 1: You understand that that connection, you know. And I'm also 563 00:31:35,920 --> 00:31:39,480 Speaker 1: quite fond of the Katy Perry movie for reasons that 564 00:31:39,560 --> 00:31:43,040 Speaker 1: are somewhat foreign to me as not particularly a fan 565 00:31:43,080 --> 00:31:45,440 Speaker 1: of Katy Perry. Yeah, I'm in the same boat. That 566 00:31:45,480 --> 00:31:47,280 Speaker 1: was a good movie. Tracy got me to watch it 567 00:31:47,520 --> 00:31:50,680 Speaker 1: and it's not historical in any way. But my friend 568 00:31:50,720 --> 00:31:53,280 Speaker 1: Alice watched it and was like, everyone should watch this 569 00:31:53,360 --> 00:31:55,920 Speaker 1: because you just get to see people genuinely love something 570 00:31:56,120 --> 00:31:58,320 Speaker 1: that they're really excited about for an hour and a half. 571 00:31:58,360 --> 00:32:01,600 Speaker 1: And you know, I am thankful Alice every time I 572 00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:07,080 Speaker 1: think about Katie Perry. Uh. And now, jumping way off 573 00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:09,160 Speaker 1: of this stuff, do we have listener mails? We do, 574 00:32:09,280 --> 00:32:12,480 Speaker 1: and it's aboutter Everest episode. We got a few. Uh, 575 00:32:12,560 --> 00:32:14,400 Speaker 1: we got quite a few emails about Everest, which made 576 00:32:14,440 --> 00:32:16,960 Speaker 1: me very happy. Uh. Several were glad that we talked 577 00:32:16,960 --> 00:32:20,600 Speaker 1: so much about Tensing orgay, uh, because it's the shirt, 578 00:32:20,640 --> 00:32:23,720 Speaker 1: but he doesn't always get mentioned on the same level 579 00:32:23,840 --> 00:32:27,600 Speaker 1: as Sir Edmund Hillary. But to me, they're equal, and 580 00:32:27,680 --> 00:32:31,720 Speaker 1: I mean definitely they may not in social standing, particularly 581 00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:33,080 Speaker 1: from the British point of view, and it was all 582 00:32:33,120 --> 00:32:35,920 Speaker 1: going on, have been equals in my head, they're equals. Well, 583 00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:40,240 Speaker 1: they both participated in that same feat and they could 584 00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:42,800 Speaker 1: not have done it without one another. Yeah, they shared, 585 00:32:42,920 --> 00:32:45,720 Speaker 1: to my line, pretty much the same exact experience, so 586 00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:48,280 Speaker 1: you can't really mention one and not give the other 587 00:32:48,360 --> 00:32:52,480 Speaker 1: equal credits. Uh. However, this came from our listener Katie, 588 00:32:52,520 --> 00:32:54,480 Speaker 1: and she says, you're Tracy and Holly. I wanted to 589 00:32:54,480 --> 00:32:57,000 Speaker 1: write to you and tell you about my encounter with Everest. 590 00:32:57,320 --> 00:32:58,840 Speaker 1: I thought the best way I could do this was 591 00:32:58,880 --> 00:33:00,840 Speaker 1: to copy the email that I sent to my friends 592 00:33:00,840 --> 00:33:03,200 Speaker 1: on the night I descended from Everest. I won a 593 00:33:03,240 --> 00:33:06,320 Speaker 1: competition for an all expenses paid trip to base Camp two. 594 00:33:06,800 --> 00:33:08,640 Speaker 1: Here's what I had to say on the night I returned, 595 00:33:09,560 --> 00:33:11,920 Speaker 1: and this is her email to her friends. Hi, guys, 596 00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:14,000 Speaker 1: hope you're all well. Just a quick update. I have 597 00:33:14,120 --> 00:33:17,320 Speaker 1: just descended from six thousand, seven hundred forty fives and 598 00:33:17,360 --> 00:33:20,800 Speaker 1: am completely wrecked. I think that I was completely unprepared 599 00:33:20,800 --> 00:33:23,280 Speaker 1: for how tough it was, both physically and mentally, and 600 00:33:23,320 --> 00:33:25,120 Speaker 1: I certainly had more than a few moments where I 601 00:33:25,120 --> 00:33:27,560 Speaker 1: didn't think I was going to keep moving. Out of 602 00:33:27,560 --> 00:33:30,040 Speaker 1: the four competition winners, only two of us made it 603 00:33:30,080 --> 00:33:33,680 Speaker 1: to six thousand meters. Chia, the other winner, descended almost 604 00:33:33,680 --> 00:33:36,560 Speaker 1: immediately due to pretty acute altitude illness. I got to 605 00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:38,719 Speaker 1: spend a couple of nights at Everest Camp to at 606 00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:41,760 Speaker 1: six thousand, six hundred meters before I made the climb 607 00:33:41,800 --> 00:33:45,400 Speaker 1: to six thousand, seven d forty five. I really wanted 608 00:33:45,440 --> 00:33:47,200 Speaker 1: to make it to seven thousand, but at that point 609 00:33:47,240 --> 00:33:49,560 Speaker 1: my vision was blurring in my left eye and completely 610 00:33:49,600 --> 00:33:52,120 Speaker 1: gone in my right eye. Okay, as my asside. When 611 00:33:52,160 --> 00:33:54,280 Speaker 1: I read that, I kind of had one of those 612 00:33:54,320 --> 00:33:57,120 Speaker 1: holy crap moments because I had not read much about 613 00:33:57,160 --> 00:33:59,720 Speaker 1: people's vision failing, and I can't imagine how scary that 614 00:33:59,760 --> 00:34:02,800 Speaker 1: would be. Uh So, back to her letter, I hardly 615 00:34:02,880 --> 00:34:05,000 Speaker 1: remember anything as the air was so thin, but it 616 00:34:05,040 --> 00:34:07,800 Speaker 1: was definitely worth it. I can see why people give 617 00:34:07,880 --> 00:34:10,799 Speaker 1: up everything for high altitude climbing, although I certainly don't 618 00:34:10,840 --> 00:34:13,480 Speaker 1: think I have the nerve for it. I almost lost 619 00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:15,600 Speaker 1: my life every night in the base camps as you 620 00:34:15,640 --> 00:34:18,279 Speaker 1: hear nothing but the ice creak and crack beneath your tent, 621 00:34:18,760 --> 00:34:21,000 Speaker 1: not to mention feeling pretty sorry for myself in the 622 00:34:21,000 --> 00:34:24,960 Speaker 1: freezing temperatures that would also be me. I hate cold. 623 00:34:25,560 --> 00:34:27,160 Speaker 1: I was lucky enough to spend some time in the 624 00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:29,200 Speaker 1: camps with people who are getting ready to ascend the 625 00:34:29,239 --> 00:34:31,640 Speaker 1: summit in the first two weeks of May. They spend 626 00:34:31,719 --> 00:34:33,560 Speaker 1: month living on the mountain at a cost of about 627 00:34:33,640 --> 00:34:36,400 Speaker 1: forty dollars for a single chance to get to the summit. 628 00:34:36,800 --> 00:34:39,880 Speaker 1: Only about them actually make it the rest end up 629 00:34:39,880 --> 00:34:42,480 Speaker 1: turning back due to the altitude, the weather, or injuries, 630 00:34:42,880 --> 00:34:44,960 Speaker 1: speaking of which I am happy to report I have 631 00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:48,560 Speaker 1: only dislocated two fingers, sprained my knee, and infection in 632 00:34:48,600 --> 00:34:50,279 Speaker 1: my hand in a bit of a cold. Not too 633 00:34:50,320 --> 00:34:52,319 Speaker 1: bad with my track record. I'll be in touch soon. 634 00:34:53,719 --> 00:34:55,640 Speaker 1: And then Katie goes on to say to us, it 635 00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:58,640 Speaker 1: was a spectacular trip and a once in a lifetime opportunity, 636 00:34:58,680 --> 00:35:01,520 Speaker 1: but so dangerous and unforgive being that I'm not sure 637 00:35:01,560 --> 00:35:03,360 Speaker 1: I would be able to either do it again or 638 00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:05,839 Speaker 1: allow anyone I love to attempt it. Anyway, I thought 639 00:35:05,880 --> 00:35:08,480 Speaker 1: you might enjoy this glimpse into a climber's life. Boy 640 00:35:08,520 --> 00:35:12,520 Speaker 1: did I? Yeah? That vision thing terrified me. Um. Thank 641 00:35:12,560 --> 00:35:14,520 Speaker 1: you so much, Katie, because that's an insight that I 642 00:35:15,160 --> 00:35:19,360 Speaker 1: certainly wouldn't have. I don't know anybody personally that's climbed Everest, um, 643 00:35:19,400 --> 00:35:21,640 Speaker 1: and I kind of yearned for those. You can read 644 00:35:21,680 --> 00:35:25,200 Speaker 1: the people's accounts, but getting well, and pretty much as 645 00:35:25,239 --> 00:35:27,319 Speaker 1: soon as the episode came out, we started having people 646 00:35:27,320 --> 00:35:30,120 Speaker 1: on Twitter that were like, Hey, meet my friend who Yeah, 647 00:35:30,520 --> 00:35:33,080 Speaker 1: some Everest climbing. Yeah. We also had a lot of 648 00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:35,640 Speaker 1: people asking us to do a similar episode about Kato. 649 00:35:36,560 --> 00:35:40,040 Speaker 1: We might Maybe they might. I think I think that 650 00:35:40,120 --> 00:35:42,759 Speaker 1: might depend on whether it's going to sound like Everest 651 00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:46,000 Speaker 1: again with a lot of the names changed. Maybe. Yeah, 652 00:35:46,520 --> 00:35:51,759 Speaker 1: we'll see. We'll see, is the answer of the time. Yeah, 653 00:35:51,920 --> 00:35:54,440 Speaker 1: not because we want to discount anybody's ideas. There's just 654 00:35:54,480 --> 00:35:58,360 Speaker 1: there's a lot there's always in it some things, particularly 655 00:35:58,360 --> 00:36:00,360 Speaker 1: with episode ideas. There are a lot of things that 656 00:36:00,400 --> 00:36:02,560 Speaker 1: we've talked about before. They don't always pan out. In 657 00:36:02,600 --> 00:36:05,520 Speaker 1: the early stages of research, you realize like this is 658 00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:08,279 Speaker 1: a road that's not really gonna yield any sort of 659 00:36:08,280 --> 00:36:10,360 Speaker 1: results that we can really work with. Yeah, the episode 660 00:36:10,400 --> 00:36:12,840 Speaker 1: we're going to record next in this particular recording session 661 00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:17,120 Speaker 1: being one of it. So thank you again so much, Katie. 662 00:36:17,120 --> 00:36:19,360 Speaker 1: That was very very cool. And if you want to 663 00:36:19,360 --> 00:36:22,680 Speaker 1: write to us and share your experiences on Everest or 664 00:36:22,760 --> 00:36:26,080 Speaker 1: with dressmakers or anything else that you want to share, 665 00:36:26,120 --> 00:36:28,720 Speaker 1: you can do so by rating us at History Podcast 666 00:36:28,800 --> 00:36:31,680 Speaker 1: at Discovery dot com. You can connect with us on 667 00:36:31,680 --> 00:36:35,040 Speaker 1: Facebook at Facebook dot com, slash missed in History, on 668 00:36:35,080 --> 00:36:37,879 Speaker 1: Twitter at mist in History, at mist in history dot 669 00:36:37,880 --> 00:36:41,280 Speaker 1: tumbler dot com, and at pinterest dot com. Slash missed 670 00:36:41,280 --> 00:36:44,040 Speaker 1: in History If you want to learn a little bit 671 00:36:44,080 --> 00:36:45,680 Speaker 1: more about what we talked about today, you can go 672 00:36:45,840 --> 00:36:48,279 Speaker 1: to how stuff works dot com and type in the 673 00:36:48,320 --> 00:36:51,120 Speaker 1: words rose Bertem which is b E R t I 674 00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:54,000 Speaker 1: N in the search bar, and you will get an 675 00:36:54,080 --> 00:36:57,200 Speaker 1: article that is top five Marie Antoinette scandals because they 676 00:36:57,239 --> 00:37:01,240 Speaker 1: do mention her ridiculous spending on her beautiful and amazing 677 00:37:01,320 --> 00:37:03,600 Speaker 1: order so much money. If you don't want to spell bartime, 678 00:37:03,640 --> 00:37:05,160 Speaker 1: you can put Marie into a net in. But that's 679 00:37:05,160 --> 00:37:08,960 Speaker 1: also one that sometimes people have trouble transposing the vowels 680 00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:11,480 Speaker 1: and can be a little bit tricky, So that's the scoop. 681 00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:14,560 Speaker 1: If you want to research the that or almost anything else, 682 00:37:14,640 --> 00:37:17,400 Speaker 1: you can do that at how stuff works dot com 683 00:37:17,440 --> 00:37:19,800 Speaker 1: and you can visit us personally at missed in history 684 00:37:19,800 --> 00:37:26,440 Speaker 1: dot com. We hope you do both those things for 685 00:37:26,560 --> 00:37:28,880 Speaker 1: more on this and thousands of other topics. Because it 686 00:37:28,960 --> 00:37:41,640 Speaker 1: has stuff works dot com. Audible dot com is the 687 00:37:41,719 --> 00:37:45,880 Speaker 1: leading provider of downloadable digital audio books and spoken word entertainment. 688 00:37:46,200 --> 00:37:49,200 Speaker 1: Audible has more than one thousand titles to choose from 689 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:51,880 Speaker 1: to be downloaded to your iPod or m P three player. 690 00:37:52,440 --> 00:37:55,520 Speaker 1: Go to audible podcast dot com. Slash history to get 691 00:37:55,560 --> 00:37:58,080 Speaker 1: a free audio book download of your choice when you 692 00:37:58,120 --> 00:37:58,920 Speaker 1: sign up today.