1 00:00:05,200 --> 00:00:07,920 Speaker 1: Hey, this is Annie and Smith. Welcome to stuff one 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:20,080 Speaker 1: ever told your protection of I Heart Radio. So today 3 00:00:20,600 --> 00:00:24,520 Speaker 1: we wanted to bring back a classic on infertility. So 4 00:00:24,720 --> 00:00:28,960 Speaker 1: content warning if that's something that is painful for you 5 00:00:29,000 --> 00:00:31,360 Speaker 1: to hear, just want to put that out there. We 6 00:00:31,400 --> 00:00:33,600 Speaker 1: wanted to bring this one back because we recently talked 7 00:00:33,640 --> 00:00:40,120 Speaker 1: about surrogacy and this is a big part of that conversation, 8 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:43,000 Speaker 1: or it can be. And also we really appreciate listeners 9 00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:47,440 Speaker 1: who have written in about their experiences and hopefully you 10 00:00:47,440 --> 00:00:53,120 Speaker 1: can share that and future listener Maile episodes and yeah, 11 00:00:53,200 --> 00:00:55,480 Speaker 1: this is something that I think we'll be talking about 12 00:00:55,480 --> 00:00:58,920 Speaker 1: a lot more if once when we get to one 13 00:00:58,960 --> 00:01:01,440 Speaker 1: of the fictional stories that were infertility is a big 14 00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:03,720 Speaker 1: role in it. Well, we know it's like a big 15 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:06,840 Speaker 1: horror like trope, but you and I talked about different levels, 16 00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:10,839 Speaker 1: whether it's miscarriage, not being able to have a child, 17 00:01:11,080 --> 00:01:13,640 Speaker 1: all of these things. Infertility like, there's a lot of 18 00:01:13,640 --> 00:01:16,319 Speaker 1: things to it that make sure to play on your 19 00:01:16,440 --> 00:01:21,279 Speaker 1: trauma and fears. Yes, and we absolutely, we absolutely should 20 00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:23,280 Speaker 1: and will talk about that because you know, we love 21 00:01:23,319 --> 00:01:27,360 Speaker 1: talking about our horror two and what baby. Yes, but 22 00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:30,720 Speaker 1: I do find it interesting that this story in particular 23 00:01:30,959 --> 00:01:34,119 Speaker 1: I wrote in high school. Yeah, I just think there's 24 00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:35,640 Speaker 1: a lot to unpack there, and there's a lot to 25 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:39,200 Speaker 1: unpack in all of this, But before we get to that. 26 00:01:39,400 --> 00:01:47,200 Speaker 1: In the meantime, please enjoy this classic episode Welcome to 27 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:56,440 Speaker 1: Stuff Mom Never Told You from how Stuff Works dot Com. Hello, 28 00:01:56,560 --> 00:01:59,040 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Caroline and I'm Kristen. 29 00:01:59,520 --> 00:02:02,480 Speaker 1: Today's topic is one that has been refusted by a 30 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:06,160 Speaker 1: lot of you listeners out there. It's a rather sensitive 31 00:02:06,200 --> 00:02:09,080 Speaker 1: topic for a lot of women and their partners. Um 32 00:02:09,080 --> 00:02:11,840 Speaker 1: it's we're talking about miscarriages today. It's a it's a 33 00:02:11,880 --> 00:02:14,919 Speaker 1: common health issue that a lot of people face, and 34 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:18,120 Speaker 1: we have never done anything just kind of giving you 35 00:02:18,160 --> 00:02:20,960 Speaker 1: the one oh one on miscarriages before, so today we 36 00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:24,160 Speaker 1: thought we would talk about the whole issue. Yeah, And 37 00:02:24,200 --> 00:02:27,760 Speaker 1: I think it's also important for us to talk about miscarriage, 38 00:02:27,760 --> 00:02:30,880 Speaker 1: not just because so many women experience it, but because 39 00:02:30,960 --> 00:02:35,120 Speaker 1: it's something that we don't talk about very much, probably 40 00:02:35,160 --> 00:02:39,760 Speaker 1: among ourselves, especially considering how common it is. Um So 41 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:42,520 Speaker 1: we're just gonna, yeah, walk through what it is and 42 00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:46,000 Speaker 1: why it happens, more importantly, almost why it doesn't happen 43 00:02:46,480 --> 00:02:52,680 Speaker 1: and the psychological repercussions. So, first off, what is a miscarriage. 44 00:02:52,840 --> 00:02:56,000 Speaker 1: This is coming from the National Institutes of Health, and 45 00:02:56,560 --> 00:03:00,520 Speaker 1: technically speaking, it's the spontaneous loss of a fetus before 46 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:05,400 Speaker 1: the twenty week of pregnancy, because pregnancy loss after the 47 00:03:05,440 --> 00:03:09,560 Speaker 1: twenty week is actually called a pre term delivery, right. 48 00:03:09,600 --> 00:03:14,600 Speaker 1: And another term for miscarriage is spontaneous abortion, and spontaneous 49 00:03:14,680 --> 00:03:17,840 Speaker 1: being the key word, this refers to a naturally occurring event, 50 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:21,679 Speaker 1: not anything to do with medical abortions or surgical abortions. 51 00:03:22,160 --> 00:03:25,000 Speaker 1: And there are other terms for early loss of pregnancy, 52 00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:30,519 Speaker 1: including what's termed a complete abortion, wherein all of the 53 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:38,080 Speaker 1: tissue of conception leaves the body, and there's incomplete, inevitable, infected, 54 00:03:38,080 --> 00:03:41,880 Speaker 1: and missed abortion. All of those different terms relate to 55 00:03:42,440 --> 00:03:44,720 Speaker 1: how much of the tissue leaves the body, whether or not, 56 00:03:44,920 --> 00:03:47,440 Speaker 1: as infected abortion implies whether or not there was some 57 00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:51,440 Speaker 1: kind of infection in the womb. Um. Missed abortion, for instance, 58 00:03:51,520 --> 00:03:55,680 Speaker 1: is when the pregnancy is lost but the products of 59 00:03:55,760 --> 00:04:00,280 Speaker 1: conception as they're called, remain inside of the body. Right. 60 00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:03,880 Speaker 1: And there's also this term called threatened miscarriage. This is 61 00:04:03,920 --> 00:04:08,440 Speaker 1: basically when the symptoms of miscarriage occur whether without vaginal bleeding, 62 00:04:08,720 --> 00:04:11,400 Speaker 1: and half of threatened miscarriages do in fact in in 63 00:04:11,480 --> 00:04:15,320 Speaker 1: pregnancy loss. And so the signs of miscarriage include things 64 00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:19,880 Speaker 1: like cramping, bleeding, and lower back pain. And there was 65 00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:21,680 Speaker 1: one column that I was reading in Slate by a 66 00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:24,960 Speaker 1: woman named Sarah shem Kiss who was talking about how 67 00:04:25,560 --> 00:04:31,839 Speaker 1: miscarriage is often portrayed on television as this one time event, 68 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:33,800 Speaker 1: like where a woman goes to the bathroom and she 69 00:04:33,880 --> 00:04:37,960 Speaker 1: sees blood and then it's over. And one thing that 70 00:04:37,960 --> 00:04:39,560 Speaker 1: a lot of people might not realize is that this 71 00:04:39,600 --> 00:04:42,240 Speaker 1: can be a process that can take at least in 72 00:04:42,279 --> 00:04:48,200 Speaker 1: shem Kisses case, as long as a week to happen. Um. So, yeah, 73 00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:50,320 Speaker 1: then that just is just kind of putting it out 74 00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:54,919 Speaker 1: there to clarify how the process can can vary for 75 00:04:54,960 --> 00:04:57,960 Speaker 1: different women. Right, And so we should take a look 76 00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:03,240 Speaker 1: at the causes of miscarriage because contrary to you know, 77 00:05:03,279 --> 00:05:06,000 Speaker 1: there's a lot of misinformation I feel like around around 78 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:10,360 Speaker 1: things like this, having sex, exercise, mild falls, and most 79 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:16,000 Speaker 1: medications do not cause miscarriage. Again, sex exercise, mild falls, 80 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:19,479 Speaker 1: medications not a cause of miscarriage, and a lot of 81 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:22,400 Speaker 1: times when it happens, there might be some guilt on 82 00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:26,560 Speaker 1: the part of the mother and her partner, thinking that 83 00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:30,200 Speaker 1: there might be something wrong with their genes that caused 84 00:05:30,279 --> 00:05:34,000 Speaker 1: this pregnancy loss, But in fact, most miscarriages are caused 85 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:38,200 Speaker 1: by chromosomal problems that essentially make it impossible for the 86 00:05:38,279 --> 00:05:42,920 Speaker 1: baby to develop. But those problems are usually not related 87 00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:47,560 Speaker 1: to mother's or father's genes, right, And a common chromosomal 88 00:05:47,640 --> 00:05:50,880 Speaker 1: issue that comes up is that the embryo or fetus 89 00:05:50,920 --> 00:05:54,960 Speaker 1: has a chromosome that causes it to develop abnormally. And 90 00:05:55,040 --> 00:05:57,159 Speaker 1: this is not usually a sign of a condition that 91 00:05:57,200 --> 00:06:01,679 Speaker 1: could cause problems in future pregnancies, because it usually happens 92 00:06:01,680 --> 00:06:04,640 Speaker 1: by chance when the egg divides and grows. And this 93 00:06:04,720 --> 00:06:07,720 Speaker 1: is actually a problem that causes at least half of miscarriages. 94 00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:10,680 Speaker 1: And one thing that medical scholars have been looking more 95 00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:14,799 Speaker 1: closely at too in recent years is a correlation between 96 00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:20,239 Speaker 1: miscarriage and partners age, not the mother's age, um they're 97 00:06:20,440 --> 00:06:24,640 Speaker 1: the frequency. For instance, of these kinds of chromosomal anomalies 98 00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:31,320 Speaker 1: in spermatozoa appear to increase with male age, So, for instance, 99 00:06:31,520 --> 00:06:34,159 Speaker 1: in two thousand four, there was a study published an 100 00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:37,960 Speaker 1: American Journal of epidemiology, which found that pregnancies by fathers 101 00:06:38,240 --> 00:06:43,160 Speaker 1: fifty years or older carried twice the risk of miscarriage 102 00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:47,480 Speaker 1: compared with pregnancies with younger fathers and some other possible 103 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:50,680 Speaker 1: risk factors for miscarriage include things like drug and alcohol 104 00:06:50,720 --> 00:06:57,240 Speaker 1: abuse during pregnancy, exposure to environmental toxins, hormone problems, infection, obesity, 105 00:06:57,440 --> 00:07:01,880 Speaker 1: or on the flip side, being extremely underweight, um smoking, 106 00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:05,279 Speaker 1: and problems with the body's immune response. Yeah. An age 107 00:07:05,360 --> 00:07:08,480 Speaker 1: can also be a factor for risk of miscarriage as well, 108 00:07:08,480 --> 00:07:10,720 Speaker 1: as we talked about in our episode on why it's 109 00:07:10,760 --> 00:07:15,160 Speaker 1: harder to get pregnant after thirty five, because the risk 110 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:19,840 Speaker 1: of miscarriages hiring women who are older and at risk 111 00:07:20,040 --> 00:07:25,120 Speaker 1: starts to elevate after age thirty, but it really escalates 112 00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:29,760 Speaker 1: after forty. But no matter the age of the mother, 113 00:07:30,120 --> 00:07:33,720 Speaker 1: miscarriage is most likely to happen early. In fact, most 114 00:07:33,760 --> 00:07:37,280 Speaker 1: miscarriages occurred during the first seven weeks of pregnancy. Eight 115 00:07:37,320 --> 00:07:40,360 Speaker 1: out of ten miscarriages happened during the first three months 116 00:07:40,360 --> 00:07:44,080 Speaker 1: of pregnancy, and second trimemester miscarriages happened in just one 117 00:07:44,120 --> 00:07:47,000 Speaker 1: to five of pregnancies. Yeah, I kind of put another 118 00:07:47,080 --> 00:07:52,080 Speaker 1: way more than half of all pregnancies are spontaneously lost 119 00:07:52,360 --> 00:07:55,480 Speaker 1: before a woman even knows she's pregnant, before she even 120 00:07:55,840 --> 00:08:00,200 Speaker 1: misses a period. That's how common that's happened. So, in 121 00:08:00,240 --> 00:08:03,920 Speaker 1: other words, women might have miscarriages and not even know 122 00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:07,000 Speaker 1: it because they didn't even realize they were pregnant, right, 123 00:08:07,080 --> 00:08:10,200 Speaker 1: And you know, as as horrifying as the experience of 124 00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:16,160 Speaker 1: miscarriage is, typically, statistically it is usually a one time occurrence. 125 00:08:16,280 --> 00:08:19,120 Speaker 1: Most women who miscarry go on to have a healthy 126 00:08:19,160 --> 00:08:23,520 Speaker 1: pregnancy after the miscarriage. However, there is a recovery period, 127 00:08:23,560 --> 00:08:26,440 Speaker 1: and people kind of debate how long this period should 128 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:29,120 Speaker 1: go on. You know, do you wait a long time, 129 00:08:29,240 --> 00:08:32,240 Speaker 1: do you try again immediately? Should you take you know, 130 00:08:32,320 --> 00:08:36,319 Speaker 1: basically mental health into consideration when you're doing that. And 131 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:39,960 Speaker 1: while it of course varies from person to person, the 132 00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:43,360 Speaker 1: physical recovery from miscarriage in most cases takes only a 133 00:08:43,400 --> 00:08:45,880 Speaker 1: few hours to a couple of days. Yeah, I mean, 134 00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:49,400 Speaker 1: your periods will likely return within four to six weeks, 135 00:08:49,440 --> 00:08:52,720 Speaker 1: and it is possible to become pregnant during the menstrual 136 00:08:52,760 --> 00:08:57,280 Speaker 1: cycle immediately after a miscarriage. Now that said, the World 137 00:08:57,280 --> 00:09:01,120 Speaker 1: Health Organization recommends waiting at least six months before trying 138 00:09:01,160 --> 00:09:04,320 Speaker 1: to conceive. That six month waiting period seems to be 139 00:09:04,720 --> 00:09:08,400 Speaker 1: standard advice, although more recent studies are starting to call 140 00:09:08,520 --> 00:09:11,640 Speaker 1: that in a question because the w h O is 141 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:18,119 Speaker 1: recommending that six month wait time based largely on maternal 142 00:09:18,160 --> 00:09:22,079 Speaker 1: health in developing countries where medical care is less reliable 143 00:09:22,480 --> 00:09:26,199 Speaker 1: and where women tend to get pregnant at earlier ages. Correct. Yeah, 144 00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:29,000 Speaker 1: and the British Medical Journal actually says that women who 145 00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:32,120 Speaker 1: conceive within six months of a miscarriage instead of waiting 146 00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:34,200 Speaker 1: up to a year, end up reducing their risk of 147 00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:37,120 Speaker 1: another miscarriage by a third, and they also increase their 148 00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:41,080 Speaker 1: chances of a healthy and successful pregnancy. But Julius Shelley, 149 00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:44,960 Speaker 1: who's an associate professor at Deacon University in Burwood, Australia, 150 00:09:45,200 --> 00:09:49,480 Speaker 1: wrote an editorial accompanying that British Medical Journal study offering 151 00:09:49,559 --> 00:09:53,120 Speaker 1: a little bit of a qualification, saying, quote, we cannot 152 00:09:53,160 --> 00:09:56,760 Speaker 1: really tell whether pregnancy is conceived very soon after a 153 00:09:56,840 --> 00:09:59,800 Speaker 1: miscarriage really do have better outcomes, or whether women in 154 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:02,840 Speaker 1: poles too conceive quickly following a miscarriage have better outcomes 155 00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:09,080 Speaker 1: in subsequent pregnancy than couples who take longer to conceive, right, 156 00:10:09,120 --> 00:10:11,599 Speaker 1: And so I mean it kind of depends person to 157 00:10:11,679 --> 00:10:14,240 Speaker 1: person really on your own personal health and all of 158 00:10:14,280 --> 00:10:17,440 Speaker 1: that stuff. I mean, if you're healthy and feel ready, 159 00:10:17,640 --> 00:10:20,480 Speaker 1: doctors say there might not be a need to wait. Uh, 160 00:10:20,640 --> 00:10:23,200 Speaker 1: you know, if you're if you're taking your prenatal vitamins 161 00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:25,520 Speaker 1: or your full like acid supplements, you know that that 162 00:10:25,600 --> 00:10:29,400 Speaker 1: usually starts months before you even conceive, as long as 163 00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:33,000 Speaker 1: you're maintaining a healthy weight, including physical activity, uh and 164 00:10:33,120 --> 00:10:35,840 Speaker 1: eating a healthy diet and of course managing stress and 165 00:10:35,840 --> 00:10:38,079 Speaker 1: avoiding alcohol, smoking out sort of stuff. Yeah, and I 166 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:41,240 Speaker 1: would imagine too that that weight time might also depend 167 00:10:41,360 --> 00:10:45,160 Speaker 1: on the type of miscarriage that occurs, like we were 168 00:10:45,320 --> 00:10:47,880 Speaker 1: referenced at the top of the podcast of the various 169 00:10:48,040 --> 00:10:51,360 Speaker 1: kinds that can happen. Um. But one thing too that 170 00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:54,079 Speaker 1: we wanted to mention is the question of whether or 171 00:10:54,120 --> 00:10:58,560 Speaker 1: not having a medical abortion of voluntary abortion in any 172 00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:02,760 Speaker 1: way predisposes you to miscarriage, because I think that is 173 00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:06,040 Speaker 1: a fairly common assumption. When I was just poking around 174 00:11:06,080 --> 00:11:09,520 Speaker 1: on Google looking for solid data on this, there were 175 00:11:09,559 --> 00:11:13,959 Speaker 1: a lot of uh, sort of inflammatory types of blog 176 00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:17,200 Speaker 1: posts that immediately pop up saying that if you have 177 00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:20,320 Speaker 1: an abortion, then you are risking you know, a subsequent 178 00:11:20,400 --> 00:11:25,640 Speaker 1: miscarriage or infertility. Um However, the Royal College of Obstetricians 179 00:11:25,679 --> 00:11:29,640 Speaker 1: and Gynecologists says, quote, there are no proven associations between 180 00:11:29,640 --> 00:11:35,280 Speaker 1: induced abortion and subsequent topic pregnancy, placenta, previa or infertility. 181 00:11:35,320 --> 00:11:39,480 Speaker 1: And one reason that some people have thought that misca 182 00:11:39,679 --> 00:11:45,120 Speaker 1: that abortion might lead to miscarriage is because it's based 183 00:11:45,120 --> 00:11:50,640 Speaker 1: on old data. Basically, abortion technology has improved and it 184 00:11:50,679 --> 00:11:54,960 Speaker 1: made it safer for the mother and left the uterus 185 00:11:54,960 --> 00:11:58,880 Speaker 1: and the cervix more intact, So there should not be 186 00:11:59,559 --> 00:12:03,680 Speaker 1: a great or risk of miscarriage right exactly. And one 187 00:12:03,840 --> 00:12:07,120 Speaker 1: risk factor that we didn't really touch on fully is 188 00:12:07,440 --> 00:12:10,839 Speaker 1: the idea that women who have had previous miscarriages are 189 00:12:10,880 --> 00:12:15,520 Speaker 1: at a greater risk of having future miscarriages. And yes, 190 00:12:15,520 --> 00:12:17,520 Speaker 1: this is a definite risk factor, but it is it 191 00:12:17,600 --> 00:12:20,280 Speaker 1: is small. Less than five percent of women have two 192 00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:23,520 Speaker 1: consecutive miscarriages and only one percent have three or more 193 00:12:23,559 --> 00:12:26,840 Speaker 1: consecutive miscarriages. And this is coming from the Mayo Clinic. 194 00:12:27,440 --> 00:12:30,240 Speaker 1: Uh they write that after two consecutive miscarriages, there's a 195 00:12:30,320 --> 00:12:35,640 Speaker 1: seventy chance the next pregnancy will be maintained. Now somewhat counterintuitively, 196 00:12:35,760 --> 00:12:41,280 Speaker 1: after three miscarriages, in fact, that risk drops to But 197 00:12:41,320 --> 00:12:46,880 Speaker 1: when looking for the reasons why someone might be experiencing 198 00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:52,680 Speaker 1: recurrent miscarriages, but in cases of recurrent miscarriage, the big 199 00:12:52,760 --> 00:12:56,199 Speaker 1: question mark often is why it's happening, because I believe 200 00:12:56,240 --> 00:12:58,959 Speaker 1: this was reported on in the New York Times that 201 00:13:00,120 --> 00:13:05,560 Speaker 1: in fewer than half of couples experiencing that will doctors 202 00:13:05,679 --> 00:13:10,480 Speaker 1: pinpoint a definite cause, and the causes of recurrent miscarriage 203 00:13:10,600 --> 00:13:16,040 Speaker 1: really tie back to miscarriage overall, UH, the overwhelming majority 204 00:13:16,240 --> 00:13:21,880 Speaker 1: of these recurrent miscarriages that happened because of chromosome or abnormalities, which, 205 00:13:21,920 --> 00:13:24,760 Speaker 1: as we already discussed, increase with the mother's age and 206 00:13:24,800 --> 00:13:27,839 Speaker 1: with the father's age. There could be genetic errors in 207 00:13:27,880 --> 00:13:30,120 Speaker 1: the egg or sperm that results in embryos with too 208 00:13:30,120 --> 00:13:35,320 Speaker 1: many or too few chromosomes, but environmental factors are rarely 209 00:13:35,360 --> 00:13:39,400 Speaker 1: linked to pregnancy loss, and there have been no associations 210 00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:43,559 Speaker 1: between environmental factors and recurrent pregnancy loss established. There could 211 00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:47,240 Speaker 1: also be an inherited disorder that raises a woman's risk 212 00:13:47,440 --> 00:13:51,560 Speaker 1: of blood clots um also called thrombosis, that can increase 213 00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:54,920 Speaker 1: the risk of fetal death in the second half of 214 00:13:54,960 --> 00:14:00,240 Speaker 1: pregnancy as well, and if you experience multiple miscarriages, there 215 00:14:00,240 --> 00:14:02,320 Speaker 1: there are tests that you can have when you go 216 00:14:02,360 --> 00:14:05,880 Speaker 1: to your doctor, things like blood tests. They can evaluate 217 00:14:05,920 --> 00:14:09,120 Speaker 1: it to detect problems with hormones your immune system. There 218 00:14:09,160 --> 00:14:12,960 Speaker 1: are chromosomal tests that you and your partner might both 219 00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:15,280 Speaker 1: have your blood tested to determine if chromosomes can be 220 00:14:15,320 --> 00:14:17,959 Speaker 1: a factor. If there is tissue from the miscarriage that's 221 00:14:18,000 --> 00:14:23,000 Speaker 1: remaining that can be tested, and these chromosomal analyzes can 222 00:14:23,080 --> 00:14:26,920 Speaker 1: basically see if there's some inherited genetic cause that happens. 223 00:14:26,920 --> 00:14:28,920 Speaker 1: And that's in less than five percent of couples. But 224 00:14:29,320 --> 00:14:32,360 Speaker 1: I mean, you know, talking about the immune system problems 225 00:14:32,360 --> 00:14:34,680 Speaker 1: and the hormonal problems, like you know we mentioned in 226 00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:37,680 Speaker 1: our thyroid episode that you know that is both when 227 00:14:37,680 --> 00:14:39,880 Speaker 1: you have something like graves or hashimotos, that's both a 228 00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:44,600 Speaker 1: hormone and an immune disorder problem. So having those tests 229 00:14:44,680 --> 00:14:47,040 Speaker 1: leading up to pregnancy, whether you've had miscarriages or not, 230 00:14:47,160 --> 00:14:49,600 Speaker 1: is very important. Yeah, and and again we want to 231 00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:54,320 Speaker 1: underscore that on the bright side, about sixty two of 232 00:14:54,360 --> 00:14:58,480 Speaker 1: women with unexplained repeated miscarriages still go on to have 233 00:14:58,880 --> 00:15:03,400 Speaker 1: healthy pregnancy. So even if you've had multiple miscarriages, it's 234 00:15:03,440 --> 00:15:07,640 Speaker 1: certainly likely that you can still have a baby. So 235 00:15:07,680 --> 00:15:12,040 Speaker 1: we've talked about the physical repercussions of miscarriage, what what 236 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:14,640 Speaker 1: might be going on inside the body, but we also 237 00:15:14,680 --> 00:15:19,680 Speaker 1: need to talk about how miscarriage can impact the mind 238 00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:22,720 Speaker 1: and your emotional well being, not just for mothers, but 239 00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:25,960 Speaker 1: also for partners as well. So we're going to get 240 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:29,520 Speaker 1: into the psychology of pregnancy loss when we come right 241 00:15:29,560 --> 00:15:33,000 Speaker 1: back from a quick break and now back to the podcast. 242 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:36,400 Speaker 1: So we were talking a lot about the physical causes 243 00:15:36,440 --> 00:15:40,080 Speaker 1: and effects of miscarriages, but one thing we have not 244 00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:42,680 Speaker 1: talked about yet is the psychological effect, the burden that 245 00:15:42,720 --> 00:15:46,240 Speaker 1: the mother and her partner feel when this tragedy has happened, 246 00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:51,040 Speaker 1: and calling it a tragedy is I mean, I feel 247 00:15:51,040 --> 00:15:53,960 Speaker 1: like a lot of times when miscarriages are discussed, they're 248 00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:58,040 Speaker 1: kind of brushed off anyone outside of the couple or 249 00:15:58,080 --> 00:16:00,080 Speaker 1: the mother who is having the child. It's kind of 250 00:16:00,400 --> 00:16:03,000 Speaker 1: the attitude is like, oh, well, you'll be okay, just 251 00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:06,280 Speaker 1: try try again. Well, and especially if it's lost early 252 00:16:06,640 --> 00:16:09,200 Speaker 1: and the pregnancy to right there seems to be kind 253 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:13,160 Speaker 1: of this general misunderstanding about the emotional toll that a 254 00:16:13,200 --> 00:16:16,280 Speaker 1: miscarriage can take on a couple or a mother. However, 255 00:16:16,320 --> 00:16:20,280 Speaker 1: early it happens, traditionally, it's kind of this private event, 256 00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:22,400 Speaker 1: you know. I know a friend of mine had a 257 00:16:22,440 --> 00:16:25,120 Speaker 1: miscarriage before she had her children, and I didn't even 258 00:16:25,200 --> 00:16:26,920 Speaker 1: know about it. You know, it was once she was 259 00:16:26,960 --> 00:16:30,760 Speaker 1: pregnant with her now two year old that you know, 260 00:16:30,960 --> 00:16:33,160 Speaker 1: she said, oh, yeah, you know, early on, I had 261 00:16:33,200 --> 00:16:36,040 Speaker 1: this thing. And and it's almost as if a lot 262 00:16:36,080 --> 00:16:38,160 Speaker 1: of moms feel like they're not allowed to be sad, 263 00:16:38,280 --> 00:16:40,760 Speaker 1: or they're not allowed to be sad in public. Yeah, 264 00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:44,240 Speaker 1: but a new research suggests that some women might actually 265 00:16:44,400 --> 00:16:47,480 Speaker 1: more in for a lot longer than expected, which is, 266 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:49,560 Speaker 1: you know, part of why we wanted to to talk 267 00:16:49,600 --> 00:16:53,000 Speaker 1: about this issue, to kind of open up these conversational 268 00:16:53,040 --> 00:16:57,440 Speaker 1: lines for women to feel more comfortable talking about these experiences, 269 00:16:57,520 --> 00:17:01,560 Speaker 1: because it can last even after the birth of a 270 00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:05,720 Speaker 1: healthy child, although of course, the range and severity of 271 00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:10,320 Speaker 1: the symptoms are going to vary, right and uh. Janet Jaffee, 272 00:17:10,400 --> 00:17:13,000 Speaker 1: who is a clinical psychologist at the Center for Reproductive 273 00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:15,720 Speaker 1: Psychology in San Diego, says that it's kind of the 274 00:17:15,800 --> 00:17:19,679 Speaker 1: medical commonality of miscarriages that lead us to kind of 275 00:17:19,680 --> 00:17:22,680 Speaker 1: brushing them off, to underestimate the impact that they can 276 00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:26,080 Speaker 1: have on a family. Um Jaffe says that it's a 277 00:17:26,080 --> 00:17:28,639 Speaker 1: traumatic loss not only of the pregnancy, but of a 278 00:17:28,680 --> 00:17:30,919 Speaker 1: woman's sense of self and her hopes and her dreams 279 00:17:30,960 --> 00:17:34,080 Speaker 1: of the future. She has lost her reproductive story and 280 00:17:34,160 --> 00:17:37,439 Speaker 1: it needs to be grieved. Yeah, and a woman who 281 00:17:37,520 --> 00:17:41,679 Speaker 1: has a miscarriage is understandably at risk for symptoms of 282 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:46,280 Speaker 1: depression and anxiety, not just immediately following the miscarriage, but 283 00:17:46,400 --> 00:17:50,480 Speaker 1: in in the years to come and even after having 284 00:17:50,560 --> 00:17:53,600 Speaker 1: a healthy child. Women who miscarry also have a higher 285 00:17:53,720 --> 00:17:57,720 Speaker 1: risk of postpartum depression. And there is a paper published 286 00:17:57,720 --> 00:17:59,920 Speaker 1: in the British Journal of Psychiatry in two thousand eleven 287 00:18:00,359 --> 00:18:03,840 Speaker 1: looking at this, and the researcher followed more than thirteen 288 00:18:03,920 --> 00:18:08,520 Speaker 1: thousand women for three years post birth, and of those 289 00:18:08,760 --> 00:18:12,280 Speaker 1: who had miscarriages, they were about hundred. Of those women 290 00:18:12,440 --> 00:18:18,120 Speaker 1: who had had a miscarriage, fient experienced clinically significant depression 291 00:18:18,240 --> 00:18:21,760 Speaker 1: and or exiety anxiety during and after the pregnancies for 292 00:18:21,920 --> 00:18:25,400 Speaker 1: up to those three years. And this can really affect 293 00:18:25,440 --> 00:18:30,080 Speaker 1: women as they become mothers, as they bear healthy children. UM. 294 00:18:30,119 --> 00:18:33,040 Speaker 1: A study looked at women who had delivered a child 295 00:18:33,080 --> 00:18:37,280 Speaker 1: within nineteen months after a miscarriage and found that of 296 00:18:37,320 --> 00:18:41,960 Speaker 1: the infants had disorganized attachments to their mothers, that it 297 00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:44,600 Speaker 1: was still affecting them in the way that they viewed 298 00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:47,520 Speaker 1: their healthy children. And not only can it take a 299 00:18:47,560 --> 00:18:51,240 Speaker 1: toll on mother's relationship with her children, but understandably it 300 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:55,400 Speaker 1: can take a toll on her relationship with her partner. Um. 301 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:59,440 Speaker 1: There have been there's been research into how miscarriage can 302 00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:03,520 Speaker 1: impact act uh sex life for instance, and a lot 303 00:19:03,560 --> 00:19:07,560 Speaker 1: of times you'll see in heterosexual relationships men might be 304 00:19:08,040 --> 00:19:12,440 Speaker 1: ready to move on and wanted reignite that flame, whereas 305 00:19:12,520 --> 00:19:17,359 Speaker 1: women might not be ready to have sex for a while. Yeah, exactly. 306 00:19:17,680 --> 00:19:20,320 Speaker 1: And we should look at at at partners, both both 307 00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:23,879 Speaker 1: male and female partners when it comes to having a 308 00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:30,000 Speaker 1: miscarriage because traditionally, the feelings experienced by the partner tend 309 00:19:30,080 --> 00:19:34,199 Speaker 1: to be dismissed, both within the family and without, and 310 00:19:34,240 --> 00:19:36,720 Speaker 1: studies have shown that men are not satisfied with the 311 00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:40,760 Speaker 1: support they get from others. Nonetheless, research also has shown 312 00:19:40,840 --> 00:19:45,040 Speaker 1: that that men absolutely grieve these losses as well, but 313 00:19:45,080 --> 00:19:49,520 Speaker 1: it might not be as intense or as enduring as 314 00:19:49,520 --> 00:19:52,840 Speaker 1: their partners, which is understandable because it's not as much 315 00:19:52,960 --> 00:19:56,680 Speaker 1: of a physical experience perhaps for them. Right In. The 316 00:19:57,640 --> 00:20:01,520 Speaker 1: study in the Journal of Psychosomatic Research found on that um, 317 00:20:01,560 --> 00:20:04,639 Speaker 1: for both men and women in these situations, giving up 318 00:20:04,640 --> 00:20:09,120 Speaker 1: their personal expectations, hopes for, and fantasies about the unborn 319 00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:12,800 Speaker 1: child is a major source of grieving. Some men, on 320 00:20:12,840 --> 00:20:15,800 Speaker 1: the other hand, feel burdened, particularly by their wives grief 321 00:20:15,920 --> 00:20:19,639 Speaker 1: or depressive reactions. I'm sure, feeling helpless, not knowing what 322 00:20:19,680 --> 00:20:21,960 Speaker 1: to do or say. They can't say anything right exactly. 323 00:20:22,040 --> 00:20:26,000 Speaker 1: I mean, there's no way to to magically fix that situation. 324 00:20:26,600 --> 00:20:30,919 Speaker 1: Um And So you see sort of gender stereotypical differences 325 00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:35,080 Speaker 1: emerging in these studies of how men tend to manage 326 00:20:35,119 --> 00:20:38,960 Speaker 1: their grief compared to women. For instance, one study publish 327 00:20:39,040 --> 00:20:42,520 Speaker 1: in n a Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology found 328 00:20:42,560 --> 00:20:47,720 Speaker 1: that men might display less what they call immediate active grief, 329 00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:50,639 Speaker 1: but they might also be more vulnerable to feelings of 330 00:20:50,680 --> 00:20:55,480 Speaker 1: despair and difficulty coping, probably because of a sense of helplessness. 331 00:20:56,160 --> 00:20:58,040 Speaker 1: Right And, While studies have shown that no matter how 332 00:20:58,040 --> 00:21:01,119 Speaker 1: advanced the pregnancy is, the woman and will likely feel 333 00:21:01,400 --> 00:21:05,320 Speaker 1: the same sense of loss. For men, the more advanced 334 00:21:05,320 --> 00:21:07,920 Speaker 1: it is, the greater their sense of loss, the more 335 00:21:07,960 --> 00:21:10,600 Speaker 1: it's almost like they're getting to know this little person 336 00:21:10,800 --> 00:21:14,520 Speaker 1: from the ultrasound on, whereas the woman's sense of grief 337 00:21:14,600 --> 00:21:17,000 Speaker 1: is heightened either way. Yeah, and there have been similar 338 00:21:17,040 --> 00:21:20,639 Speaker 1: studies on this conducted among lesbian couples as well, and 339 00:21:20,640 --> 00:21:25,680 Speaker 1: it finds for the non pregnant lesbian partner similar feelings 340 00:21:25,760 --> 00:21:30,960 Speaker 1: that that husbands or boyfriends might experience in heterosexual relationships. 341 00:21:31,359 --> 00:21:35,200 Speaker 1: Um for instance, in one study talked about how often 342 00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:38,679 Speaker 1: the response is, you know, a sense of having not 343 00:21:38,800 --> 00:21:42,320 Speaker 1: only lost the baby, but also kind of having lost 344 00:21:42,359 --> 00:21:46,239 Speaker 1: emotionally speaking, the partner not knowing how to sort of 345 00:21:46,440 --> 00:21:50,280 Speaker 1: rebuild that connection. How do you move forward from that? 346 00:21:50,920 --> 00:21:56,120 Speaker 1: Right and researcher Denuda M. Washner said that lesbian couples 347 00:21:56,160 --> 00:22:00,480 Speaker 1: do face kind of a unique situation psychologically and emotionally 348 00:22:00,560 --> 00:22:02,960 Speaker 1: in that they're going to be a lot of people 349 00:22:03,080 --> 00:22:06,040 Speaker 1: who didn't approve of this union and this pregnancy in 350 00:22:06,080 --> 00:22:08,639 Speaker 1: the first place, So there might even be a greater 351 00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:11,479 Speaker 1: lack of support for them in this time. Well, they 352 00:22:11,560 --> 00:22:14,520 Speaker 1: might have to go to greater links as well. To 353 00:22:15,080 --> 00:22:18,360 Speaker 1: go about getting pregnant in the first place, right, And 354 00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:20,720 Speaker 1: and that even ties in with other studies that have 355 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:24,159 Speaker 1: shown that women who go through like fertility treatments or 356 00:22:24,280 --> 00:22:27,320 Speaker 1: IVF or something like that, their grief tends to be 357 00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:30,959 Speaker 1: extended past the point of where other women are starting 358 00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:33,560 Speaker 1: to move on. Yeah, and and I don't want to 359 00:22:33,600 --> 00:22:36,920 Speaker 1: leave gay fathers out of the equation as well, because 360 00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:40,240 Speaker 1: I'm sure there can be a similar process. For instance, 361 00:22:40,280 --> 00:22:44,280 Speaker 1: if you're, you know, hoping to adopt and that falls through. 362 00:22:44,320 --> 00:22:46,760 Speaker 1: I mean, any time you're going to experience some kind 363 00:22:46,800 --> 00:22:51,600 Speaker 1: of of loss of unexpected child, we need to be 364 00:22:51,640 --> 00:22:55,320 Speaker 1: able to to talk about it into to grieve with 365 00:22:55,400 --> 00:22:59,280 Speaker 1: them and for them, and and allow that process to happen. 366 00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:02,280 Speaker 1: So so the question would be, then, you know, if 367 00:23:02,320 --> 00:23:05,320 Speaker 1: you are the friend, what can you do if you 368 00:23:05,359 --> 00:23:09,000 Speaker 1: find out that that someone you know has experienced a miscarriage. 369 00:23:09,400 --> 00:23:13,720 Speaker 1: Well grief expert Robbie Miller Kaplan stresses that a miscarriage 370 00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:16,720 Speaker 1: is a death in the family, and just like any death, 371 00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:20,280 Speaker 1: the bereaved must grieve for the loved ones they have lost. 372 00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:23,080 Speaker 1: And so she says, first it's really important to acknowledge 373 00:23:23,080 --> 00:23:25,680 Speaker 1: the loss that your friend is experienced. Yeah, she says, 374 00:23:25,840 --> 00:23:27,680 Speaker 1: you should treat your friend just like you would treat 375 00:23:27,720 --> 00:23:29,320 Speaker 1: a loved one who had who has had a family 376 00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:32,640 Speaker 1: member die, send flowers, write a note, bring a meal, 377 00:23:33,520 --> 00:23:36,800 Speaker 1: or just offered to visit and listen, you know, right, 378 00:23:36,880 --> 00:23:40,000 Speaker 1: And she stresses that when you're talking with your friend 379 00:23:40,119 --> 00:23:43,280 Speaker 1: and listening to your friend, kind of repeat things back 380 00:23:43,320 --> 00:23:46,520 Speaker 1: to him or her so that she or he knows 381 00:23:46,560 --> 00:23:48,919 Speaker 1: you're listening, you're actually taking it all in and that 382 00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:52,320 Speaker 1: they're being heard. Yeah, and this is this also echoes 383 00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:55,479 Speaker 1: what we've heard from stuff I've never told you listeners 384 00:23:55,520 --> 00:23:59,000 Speaker 1: who have written and requesting this topic sort of not 385 00:23:59,119 --> 00:24:03,600 Speaker 1: only the knee to be able to talk about it 386 00:24:03,640 --> 00:24:06,400 Speaker 1: and sort of isolation that they felt, but also how 387 00:24:06,440 --> 00:24:10,560 Speaker 1: helpful it was in instances when they did have friends 388 00:24:10,560 --> 00:24:14,000 Speaker 1: who acknowledge the loss and took it seriously and didn't 389 00:24:14,040 --> 00:24:16,000 Speaker 1: just pat them on the head and say, oh, well, 390 00:24:16,359 --> 00:24:20,080 Speaker 1: you'll get pregnant down the road, which statistically, yeah, the 391 00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:22,479 Speaker 1: odds are definitely in your favor that that will happen, 392 00:24:23,119 --> 00:24:29,000 Speaker 1: but that doesn't discount the immediate grief that you're experiencing, right, 393 00:24:29,040 --> 00:24:32,879 Speaker 1: And I mean, researching for this episode was educational for 394 00:24:32,880 --> 00:24:36,639 Speaker 1: for me, definitely, because I mean, how many of us 395 00:24:36,720 --> 00:24:38,800 Speaker 1: really know what to say or how to act or 396 00:24:38,840 --> 00:24:40,640 Speaker 1: how to treat this, And so I think it's so 397 00:24:40,720 --> 00:24:43,679 Speaker 1: important that we show through all of these studies that 398 00:24:43,720 --> 00:24:48,000 Speaker 1: we cited that this, this is a huge ordeal that 399 00:24:48,119 --> 00:24:51,560 Speaker 1: families and women go through, and it is isolating. It 400 00:24:51,680 --> 00:24:54,560 Speaker 1: is isolating because you have kind of a general attitude 401 00:24:54,600 --> 00:24:57,280 Speaker 1: in the culture of like myth, you'll you'll be fine, 402 00:24:57,480 --> 00:24:59,960 Speaker 1: You'll you'll totally be fine. You're not you know, your health, 403 00:25:00,160 --> 00:25:03,320 Speaker 1: it's fine, whereas a lot of these women feel, you know, no, 404 00:25:03,520 --> 00:25:07,240 Speaker 1: it's not fine. I lost someone important to me. Yeah. So, UM, 405 00:25:07,600 --> 00:25:10,240 Speaker 1: I know, like you said at the beginning of the podcast, Caroline, 406 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:12,600 Speaker 1: this was a sensitive topic to talk about, and I 407 00:25:12,600 --> 00:25:14,879 Speaker 1: can imagine that for some people listening it might have 408 00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:17,879 Speaker 1: been a difficult one an emotional one to listen to. 409 00:25:18,440 --> 00:25:22,480 Speaker 1: But we just want to invite you to share with us. UM. 410 00:25:22,520 --> 00:25:25,320 Speaker 1: You can email us mom Stuff at Discovery dot com. 411 00:25:25,960 --> 00:25:28,960 Speaker 1: You can tweet us at mom Stuff podcast, or share 412 00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:32,280 Speaker 1: with the whole community of Stuff Mom Never Told You 413 00:25:32,680 --> 00:25:36,439 Speaker 1: listeners and viewers over on Facebook as well. UM, and 414 00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:38,560 Speaker 1: we have a couple of messages to share with you 415 00:25:38,680 --> 00:25:45,840 Speaker 1: in fact right now. So We've got a couple of 416 00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:51,240 Speaker 1: letters here from listeners about our episode on cursing, swearing, 417 00:25:51,400 --> 00:25:54,840 Speaker 1: F bombs, and women, And this one comes from Jill, 418 00:25:54,840 --> 00:25:57,639 Speaker 1: who writes, Hi, guys, I was so excited when I 419 00:25:57,680 --> 00:26:00,440 Speaker 1: saw you did a podcast on swearing because it's honestly 420 00:26:00,480 --> 00:26:03,240 Speaker 1: one of my favorite things to do. I know that 421 00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:05,879 Speaker 1: sounds lame, but I feel such a release of stress 422 00:26:05,920 --> 00:26:09,119 Speaker 1: whenever I throw F bombs around. It just feels so free, 423 00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:11,080 Speaker 1: and it's one of the best things about being an adult, 424 00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:14,840 Speaker 1: not having to limit myself to vocabulary someone else's deemed fit. 425 00:26:15,240 --> 00:26:17,080 Speaker 1: With that said, I always make sure I'm not in 426 00:26:17,119 --> 00:26:19,920 Speaker 1: public when I do it in case it upsets someone. 427 00:26:20,040 --> 00:26:23,280 Speaker 1: It really shouldn't. They are just words, she writes in 428 00:26:23,400 --> 00:26:26,879 Speaker 1: all caps. Thanks for the enlightening podcast. I eff ing 429 00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:31,639 Speaker 1: love it. Um. Well, I have a message here from 430 00:26:31,720 --> 00:26:37,240 Speaker 1: Crystal Um. She says, being a professional, or as professionals, 431 00:26:37,240 --> 00:26:39,240 Speaker 1: one can be in a line of work where you 432 00:26:39,320 --> 00:26:42,240 Speaker 1: sometimes feel the need to scream out loud. Insurance claims, 433 00:26:42,680 --> 00:26:44,960 Speaker 1: I do feel that urge to curse out loud in 434 00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:48,200 Speaker 1: the workplace every so often, sometimes more than once a day. 435 00:26:48,240 --> 00:26:51,120 Speaker 1: But I digress. I've heard people say that cursing as 436 00:26:51,160 --> 00:26:55,040 Speaker 1: a lady makes you seem less educated, I e. She 437 00:26:55,080 --> 00:26:57,800 Speaker 1: couldn't find a better word in her vocabulary to express 438 00:26:57,880 --> 00:27:00,719 Speaker 1: that point. I hold a bachelor's degree and would consider 439 00:27:00,720 --> 00:27:03,560 Speaker 1: myself highly educated, But sometimes my old standby is such 440 00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:06,320 Speaker 1: as fiddle d d or goodness simply won't cut it. 441 00:27:06,800 --> 00:27:09,600 Speaker 1: I find myself letting an F bomb slip out at times, 442 00:27:09,680 --> 00:27:12,120 Speaker 1: and although I may not be the most pleased with it, later, 443 00:27:12,160 --> 00:27:15,199 Speaker 1: it just feels better. Thank you for offering an escape 444 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:18,840 Speaker 1: from my day to day stresses. You're welcome, Crystal, and 445 00:27:19,080 --> 00:27:21,639 Speaker 1: I hope that us relieving you from some of your 446 00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:25,120 Speaker 1: stresses means you dropped a couple of fewer f bond 447 00:27:25,160 --> 00:27:27,320 Speaker 1: at the office. So thank you for writing in, and 448 00:27:27,400 --> 00:27:30,040 Speaker 1: thanks to everybody who's written into us. Mom Stuff at 449 00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:32,639 Speaker 1: Discovery dot com is where you can email us, and 450 00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:35,480 Speaker 1: you can also find all of our social media links, 451 00:27:35,520 --> 00:27:39,400 Speaker 1: every single podcast, blog post, and video. It's stuff Mom 452 00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:45,639 Speaker 1: Never told You dot com for more on this and 453 00:27:45,720 --> 00:27:48,280 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Does it how stuff works dot 454 00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:57,040 Speaker 1: com