1 00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:04,440 Speaker 1: It's August and we're finally getting some relief from the 2 00:00:04,519 --> 00:00:05,480 Speaker 1: summer heat. 3 00:00:05,559 --> 00:00:10,600 Speaker 2: Right, but we're also seeing the fall woes creeping in. 4 00:00:10,960 --> 00:00:14,680 Speaker 2: COVID numbers are spiking again across the country, and a 5 00:00:14,720 --> 00:00:17,159 Speaker 2: lot of people we know keep talking about this like 6 00:00:17,360 --> 00:00:20,360 Speaker 2: mysterious one day cold. They're like, oh, you know, my 7 00:00:20,440 --> 00:00:25,040 Speaker 2: nose is running, I'm sneezing, I'm coughing, and it doesn't 8 00:00:25,120 --> 00:00:25,840 Speaker 2: last very long. 9 00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:27,920 Speaker 1: But also, I mean it kind of tracks. We're at 10 00:00:27,960 --> 00:00:32,159 Speaker 1: the very beginning cusp of flu season, you know, And 11 00:00:32,200 --> 00:00:35,440 Speaker 1: I feel like every time this happens, summer ends, it 12 00:00:35,520 --> 00:00:37,440 Speaker 1: cools off people going back to school, so stuff is 13 00:00:37,479 --> 00:00:40,920 Speaker 1: spreading around the same conversation pops up. People are asking 14 00:00:41,000 --> 00:00:43,840 Speaker 1: how do you actually strengthen your immune system? 15 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:46,440 Speaker 2: And that's why this week we're bringing back one of 16 00:00:46,479 --> 00:00:50,920 Speaker 2: our favorite labs. It's Lab forty seven. All Immune Systems Go. 17 00:00:51,240 --> 00:00:53,320 Speaker 2: And if you've heard it before, just let this be 18 00:00:53,400 --> 00:00:56,440 Speaker 2: your refresher. And if you haven't, listen, close because there 19 00:00:56,440 --> 00:01:02,080 Speaker 2: will be a pop quiz. And I'm Zachiah and this 20 00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:09,680 Speaker 2: is Dope Labs. Welcome to Dope Labs, a weekly podcast 21 00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:12,800 Speaker 2: that mixes hardcore science with pop culture and a healthy 22 00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:25,000 Speaker 2: dose of friendship. This week, we're talking all about the 23 00:01:25,040 --> 00:01:28,680 Speaker 2: immune system. Specifically, we really wanted to know more about 24 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:31,120 Speaker 2: how it works and what we can do to make 25 00:01:31,160 --> 00:01:31,720 Speaker 2: it stronger. 26 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:34,560 Speaker 1: Yes, it's peak cold and flu season, and I've seen 27 00:01:34,600 --> 00:01:37,720 Speaker 1: a lot of you sharing elderberry syrup, ginger lemon emergency, 28 00:01:38,160 --> 00:01:40,280 Speaker 1: all of that on your IG stories. You're telling us 29 00:01:40,319 --> 00:01:42,319 Speaker 1: all about your immune system hacks and boosters. So this 30 00:01:42,440 --> 00:01:44,480 Speaker 1: lab is really for you. We're going to get into 31 00:01:44,520 --> 00:01:47,039 Speaker 1: what the immune system is and how it works. So 32 00:01:47,120 --> 00:01:48,320 Speaker 1: let's get into the recipation. 33 00:01:57,960 --> 00:01:59,880 Speaker 2: So before we say what do we know? What I 34 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:02,760 Speaker 2: know and what Tekia knows, It's two very different things. 35 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:09,480 Speaker 2: To be clear, I feel like I know next to 36 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:12,880 Speaker 2: nothing about the immune system and how it works. I 37 00:02:12,919 --> 00:02:16,200 Speaker 2: feel like I know very very basic things that I 38 00:02:16,200 --> 00:02:19,639 Speaker 2: think most people know, like your immune system is important 39 00:02:19,720 --> 00:02:22,840 Speaker 2: and having a good immune system will help you. But 40 00:02:23,080 --> 00:02:24,360 Speaker 2: that's kind of where it stops for me. 41 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:27,840 Speaker 1: Well, that's okay, because I'm going to help you ask 42 00:02:28,080 --> 00:02:31,600 Speaker 1: some other questions like where exactly is immune system in 43 00:02:31,639 --> 00:02:33,880 Speaker 1: the body, how does it work, what happens if it's 44 00:02:33,880 --> 00:02:37,640 Speaker 1: not working or if it's overworking, what's going on there? 45 00:02:37,919 --> 00:02:40,160 Speaker 1: And then I think the question we both have TT 46 00:02:40,680 --> 00:02:44,160 Speaker 1: is about all the hacks we see about strengthening and 47 00:02:44,200 --> 00:02:46,880 Speaker 1: boosting and enhancing the immune system. 48 00:02:47,280 --> 00:02:50,240 Speaker 2: Yes, some of it just seems like made up stuff, 49 00:02:50,280 --> 00:02:52,680 Speaker 2: Like I'm just like, who told you that? Who told 50 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:55,520 Speaker 2: you that? Like, oh, chew on your big toenail for 51 00:02:56,000 --> 00:02:58,080 Speaker 2: three minutes and then spit it out and spin round 52 00:02:58,480 --> 00:02:59,600 Speaker 2: like I don't. 53 00:02:59,520 --> 00:03:01,800 Speaker 1: Know, Oh yeah, I would chew on it, but if 54 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:03,639 Speaker 1: you do have to get you on it, definitely spit it. 55 00:03:03,600 --> 00:03:04,680 Speaker 2: Out all right. 56 00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:09,040 Speaker 1: That makes me feel like we are ready for the dissection. 57 00:03:09,240 --> 00:03:10,640 Speaker 1: You're ready, CC, I'm ready. 58 00:03:10,680 --> 00:03:20,000 Speaker 2: Hold my hand. Friend. 59 00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:25,400 Speaker 1: Our guest for today's lab is doctor Piel Gupta. 60 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:28,519 Speaker 3: My name is doctor Pyle Gupha. I am an adult 61 00:03:28,680 --> 00:03:32,800 Speaker 3: and pediatric allergy and asthma specialist and also a nominologist, 62 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:35,560 Speaker 3: and I live and work in New York City. 63 00:03:35,880 --> 00:03:39,640 Speaker 2: Okay, for me, let's start with the basics. What is 64 00:03:39,680 --> 00:03:40,760 Speaker 2: the immune system? 65 00:03:40,880 --> 00:03:44,880 Speaker 3: Our immune system is our body's way of protecting us 66 00:03:44,920 --> 00:03:48,160 Speaker 3: from foreign invaders. And what I mean by foreign invaders 67 00:03:48,200 --> 00:03:53,680 Speaker 3: are things like viruses, like bacteria, like fungi and even cancers. 68 00:03:53,840 --> 00:03:56,960 Speaker 2: Okay, so these are all the things we definitely don't 69 00:03:56,960 --> 00:03:57,960 Speaker 2: want in our bodies. 70 00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:00,080 Speaker 1: So if we zoom out, we can think about the 71 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:02,560 Speaker 1: body as this single tube from the mouth to the 72 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:05,760 Speaker 1: booty basically, and your skin is wrapping all of that 73 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:08,800 Speaker 1: and keeping everything in a closed system. So your skin 74 00:04:08,880 --> 00:04:11,280 Speaker 1: is like your protective barrier. Right, Our skin is a 75 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:14,880 Speaker 1: physical barrier to those foreign invaders and particles. 76 00:04:14,920 --> 00:04:17,080 Speaker 2: You know, you gotta stay moisturized. You gotta put lotion 77 00:04:17,160 --> 00:04:20,920 Speaker 2: on those elbows. Yes, moisturized skin is soft and supple 78 00:04:20,960 --> 00:04:25,680 Speaker 2: and plump, but not moisturized skin or dry skin cracks 79 00:04:25,720 --> 00:04:27,760 Speaker 2: and bleeds and things like that. 80 00:04:27,880 --> 00:04:30,800 Speaker 1: All right, we have our protective barrier of skin protecting 81 00:04:30,839 --> 00:04:35,520 Speaker 1: everything inside. If anything penetrates that barrier, it's then facing 82 00:04:35,600 --> 00:04:38,400 Speaker 1: our immune system. And the immune system can be split 83 00:04:38,480 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: into two parts, the innate immune system and the adaptive 84 00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:46,880 Speaker 1: or acquired immune system. So innate being the immune system 85 00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:49,800 Speaker 1: that you are born with. Yes, and that's not unique 86 00:04:49,839 --> 00:04:52,159 Speaker 1: to us. So if we look at it, all animals 87 00:04:52,200 --> 00:04:54,560 Speaker 1: have an innate immune system, and so do plants. 88 00:04:54,720 --> 00:04:57,479 Speaker 2: Oh I didn't know that. Yeah, I need to treat 89 00:04:57,520 --> 00:05:01,440 Speaker 2: my snake plant better. There it's currently three leaves sitting 90 00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:05,279 Speaker 2: on the floor. Okay, So there's our skin, which provides 91 00:05:05,320 --> 00:05:09,839 Speaker 2: a physical barrier. Then there's the innate and acquired immune systems. 92 00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:12,640 Speaker 2: So let's talk about the innate immune system first. 93 00:05:12,520 --> 00:05:15,880 Speaker 3: And so then innate immune systems are first line of deference, 94 00:05:16,320 --> 00:05:20,000 Speaker 3: and this line of defense or this army reacts to 95 00:05:20,120 --> 00:05:21,480 Speaker 3: fight infection quickly. 96 00:05:21,640 --> 00:05:25,599 Speaker 1: The innate immune system is non specific, so it just says, invader, 97 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:29,400 Speaker 1: respond right. It doesn't know who you are. It just 98 00:05:29,480 --> 00:05:30,680 Speaker 1: knows that it is not right. 99 00:05:30,839 --> 00:05:33,440 Speaker 2: That's like your house security system when you come in 100 00:05:33,480 --> 00:05:36,040 Speaker 2: the door. It's like, hey, I don't know who you are. 101 00:05:36,680 --> 00:05:38,680 Speaker 2: You may be the owner, you might not be. Yes, 102 00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:40,640 Speaker 2: but you better put it in a security code or 103 00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:42,000 Speaker 2: there's gonna be some problems. 104 00:05:42,279 --> 00:05:45,120 Speaker 1: Yes, you know. So let's say that system is not 105 00:05:45,279 --> 00:05:48,840 Speaker 1: very specific. It's just a strong first response. Our second 106 00:05:48,839 --> 00:05:51,360 Speaker 1: line of defense is the acquired immune system. So if 107 00:05:51,440 --> 00:05:53,679 Speaker 1: we were to compare these things, the innate immune system 108 00:05:53,760 --> 00:05:57,280 Speaker 1: is not specific, acquired is specific. The innate immune system 109 00:05:57,400 --> 00:06:00,560 Speaker 1: is permanent and the response is immediate. For the acquired 110 00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:03,120 Speaker 1: immune system is transient. It's not always permanent, and the 111 00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:05,919 Speaker 1: response is not immediate, but it is specific and is 112 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:08,599 Speaker 1: coming right for you, is right on time. So the 113 00:06:08,640 --> 00:06:12,320 Speaker 1: acquired immune system is something that your body builds over time, 114 00:06:12,400 --> 00:06:18,919 Speaker 1: and that's based off of socio physical factors. That's a 115 00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:23,120 Speaker 1: really good question. You begin building your acquired immune system 116 00:06:23,440 --> 00:06:28,559 Speaker 1: from being a fetus right across the placenta. The mom 117 00:06:28,720 --> 00:06:31,599 Speaker 1: is giving you some immunity right there, thanks mommy. 118 00:06:32,920 --> 00:06:36,120 Speaker 3: When a baby is first born, they're not ready to 119 00:06:36,400 --> 00:06:39,600 Speaker 3: fight every infection. They are fragile, and our immune systems 120 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:41,800 Speaker 3: when we're born aren't where we want them to be. 121 00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:45,200 Speaker 1: Then, even thinking about what happens as soon as you're born, 122 00:06:45,480 --> 00:06:47,920 Speaker 1: you have been inside this other closed system, so you 123 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:49,560 Speaker 1: don't have any bacteria. You know, how we talk about 124 00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:52,080 Speaker 1: the microbiome on the skin and how we talk about 125 00:06:52,120 --> 00:06:55,480 Speaker 1: the bacteria that's part of our personal environment. You acquire 126 00:06:55,600 --> 00:06:58,480 Speaker 1: that as you pass through the birth and canal, or 127 00:06:58,560 --> 00:07:00,760 Speaker 1: if you are delivered by c section, you acquire that 128 00:07:01,040 --> 00:07:03,760 Speaker 1: from that delivery process, and then you know that skin 129 00:07:03,839 --> 00:07:06,800 Speaker 1: to skin contact with mom. At that point, you are 130 00:07:07,120 --> 00:07:11,560 Speaker 1: being colonized with bacteria and other microorganisms right then, and 131 00:07:11,640 --> 00:07:14,360 Speaker 1: those things are all over your skin, colonizing the body. 132 00:07:14,480 --> 00:07:17,600 Speaker 1: So that's what's helping you specifically t T when you're 133 00:07:17,600 --> 00:07:21,040 Speaker 1: eating all that crazy food and helping you not get sick. 134 00:07:22,400 --> 00:07:26,440 Speaker 1: Those bacteria in your gut. You acquire that stuff from birth. 135 00:07:26,200 --> 00:07:29,280 Speaker 2: So your adaptive immune system starts developing from the jump 136 00:07:29,360 --> 00:07:32,320 Speaker 2: through the birth canal, skin to skin. All those germs 137 00:07:32,320 --> 00:07:35,040 Speaker 2: getting into your tiny baby body are what your body 138 00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:37,080 Speaker 2: needs to adapt to the outside world. 139 00:07:37,240 --> 00:07:40,320 Speaker 1: And so when you think about when a baby t 140 00:07:40,440 --> 00:07:42,920 Speaker 1: t is always sick, you know, like you've seen your 141 00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:46,240 Speaker 1: nieces and nephew with those running noses, Yes, that is 142 00:07:46,360 --> 00:07:49,880 Speaker 1: them being exposed to these foreign particles and pathogens, and 143 00:07:49,920 --> 00:07:53,760 Speaker 1: their immune systems are beginning to recognize these things and 144 00:07:53,800 --> 00:07:56,520 Speaker 1: getting smarter. So that's why kids get so sick when 145 00:07:56,520 --> 00:07:59,400 Speaker 1: they first go to like preschool or todaycare. 146 00:07:58,920 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 2: Because their bodies are being introduced to new bacteria that 147 00:08:02,960 --> 00:08:06,840 Speaker 2: they've never seen before, bacteria, viruses, all of that, and 148 00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:10,400 Speaker 2: that is how you develop that learned or acquired immunity. 149 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:12,320 Speaker 2: So then when you get to a big age like 150 00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:14,880 Speaker 2: our age, we've seen a lot of the things that 151 00:08:14,920 --> 00:08:17,440 Speaker 2: were in the nursery already, so our bodies are better 152 00:08:17,480 --> 00:08:18,720 Speaker 2: equipped to fight it. 153 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:20,840 Speaker 1: Yes, and you may be able to clear those things 154 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:24,200 Speaker 1: really quickly. So a cold that may have your little 155 00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:27,480 Speaker 1: toddler cousin with a running nose for a week, you 156 00:08:27,520 --> 00:08:29,520 Speaker 1: may have the sniffles for like one day, and you're good. 157 00:08:29,600 --> 00:08:31,239 Speaker 1: You're ready to bounce back and keep it moving. 158 00:08:31,440 --> 00:08:34,280 Speaker 3: And then as we get older, we get exposed to 159 00:08:34,320 --> 00:08:38,160 Speaker 3: the environment, which also exposes our body to foreign particles, 160 00:08:38,200 --> 00:08:41,200 Speaker 3: foreign substances, and our body starts to recognize what is 161 00:08:41,240 --> 00:08:44,560 Speaker 3: normal what is abnormal, and then the immune system slowly 162 00:08:44,559 --> 00:08:45,319 Speaker 3: starts to grow. 163 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:49,240 Speaker 2: So our immune system generally peaks between puberty and young 164 00:08:49,280 --> 00:08:52,800 Speaker 2: adulthood and starts to decline around the age of sixty. 165 00:08:53,040 --> 00:08:56,160 Speaker 3: That's why older individuals we have to be extra careful, 166 00:08:56,280 --> 00:08:59,280 Speaker 3: just like we are with babies, because they are more 167 00:08:59,320 --> 00:09:01,000 Speaker 3: susceptible to infection. 168 00:09:16,040 --> 00:09:19,480 Speaker 1: Really young babies in infants, so under six or seven months, 169 00:09:19,760 --> 00:09:22,560 Speaker 1: can't get a flu shot, so everybody around them gets 170 00:09:22,640 --> 00:09:25,000 Speaker 1: a flu shot to kind of cocoon them and to 171 00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:28,400 Speaker 1: keep themselves from passing something on to the baby. Similarly, 172 00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:31,000 Speaker 1: older adults, so over sixty five, they also have a 173 00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:33,280 Speaker 1: week immune system, but their immune system can handle a 174 00:09:33,280 --> 00:09:36,000 Speaker 1: little bit more than an infant can. So what we 175 00:09:36,120 --> 00:09:38,080 Speaker 1: find is that if you think about a flu shot, 176 00:09:38,320 --> 00:09:41,640 Speaker 1: if you were under five years old, we can say 177 00:09:41,760 --> 00:09:44,600 Speaker 1: just have like one dose compared to if you're an 178 00:09:44,600 --> 00:09:49,040 Speaker 1: adult of great health, and you're not compromised in any way. 179 00:09:49,360 --> 00:09:51,920 Speaker 1: You would have what we considered maybe two times the dose. 180 00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:54,280 Speaker 1: But for people who are over sixty five, the amount 181 00:09:54,440 --> 00:09:57,480 Speaker 1: of flu vaccine they're receiving is considered three times the 182 00:09:57,520 --> 00:10:00,480 Speaker 1: dose of what a kid would get because a kid 183 00:10:00,520 --> 00:10:03,840 Speaker 1: needs much less prompting. Their immune systems are so robust. 184 00:10:03,880 --> 00:10:05,679 Speaker 1: It's like, got it, Like if you were trying to 185 00:10:05,720 --> 00:10:07,160 Speaker 1: do a TikTok, I'm going to need a little bit 186 00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:11,720 Speaker 1: more time to get my TikTok together than somebody who's twelve. Right, 187 00:10:11,800 --> 00:10:13,760 Speaker 1: They're a native to that system. They know what to do. 188 00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:16,559 Speaker 1: It's just like a learning curve for your immune system 189 00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:17,360 Speaker 1: as you get older. 190 00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:25,960 Speaker 2: So now we know what the immune system is. We 191 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:28,760 Speaker 2: know that there's some that is innate, so that stuff 192 00:10:28,760 --> 00:10:31,200 Speaker 2: that you're born with, and then we know that there's 193 00:10:31,240 --> 00:10:34,000 Speaker 2: some aspects of our immune system that we acquire over 194 00:10:34,080 --> 00:10:38,320 Speaker 2: time based on exposure. But where is all of this happening? 195 00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:41,400 Speaker 2: Is there like an immune system orgon? Is it near? 196 00:10:41,800 --> 00:10:45,160 Speaker 2: My pancreas was just one of the one of the 197 00:10:45,200 --> 00:10:46,880 Speaker 2: only organs I remember from biology. 198 00:10:47,160 --> 00:10:54,360 Speaker 1: Like kid, me, you're doing good, You're doing good. Stomac well, 199 00:10:54,400 --> 00:10:57,480 Speaker 1: basically it's all over. It's not in any one place. 200 00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:01,040 Speaker 1: So in your bones, and I'm not just talking about 201 00:11:01,040 --> 00:11:03,920 Speaker 1: one bone, all your bones. Inside there's bone marrow, which 202 00:11:03,960 --> 00:11:06,840 Speaker 1: is this like spongy kind of stuff. That is the 203 00:11:06,840 --> 00:11:10,680 Speaker 1: place where lymphocytes are made. Lymphocytes are also maturing in 204 00:11:10,760 --> 00:11:13,400 Speaker 1: the thymus, which is if you think about like where 205 00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:15,920 Speaker 1: your neck is that butterfly organ over your neck, that's 206 00:11:15,960 --> 00:11:19,560 Speaker 1: your thyroid. Comes straight down between your lungs and your chest, 207 00:11:19,920 --> 00:11:22,640 Speaker 1: that's the thymus, and cells that are part of the 208 00:11:22,679 --> 00:11:25,160 Speaker 1: immune system are maturing right in there. You also have 209 00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:27,040 Speaker 1: like your lymph nodes, which are kind of like under 210 00:11:27,040 --> 00:11:29,000 Speaker 1: your arms if you've ever gotten sick and felt like 211 00:11:29,080 --> 00:11:31,800 Speaker 1: sore under your arms or right there under your jawline 212 00:11:31,880 --> 00:11:34,439 Speaker 1: a little bit. Yeah, there's even lymphnos right in the 213 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:37,680 Speaker 1: groin area too. Other areas are like the spleen and 214 00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:40,079 Speaker 1: even your tonsils. I just think of that as like 215 00:11:40,120 --> 00:11:41,760 Speaker 1: the battleground for our immune system. 216 00:11:41,960 --> 00:11:43,880 Speaker 2: Really, our tonsils are spleen. 217 00:11:44,120 --> 00:11:46,040 Speaker 1: What was the other one? The lymph nodes. 218 00:11:46,559 --> 00:11:48,120 Speaker 2: Lymph nodes spleen. 219 00:11:48,559 --> 00:11:49,800 Speaker 1: Okay, you're getting it. 220 00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:53,160 Speaker 2: I'm following. I'm following some. 221 00:11:53,120 --> 00:11:57,720 Speaker 3: Of the fighters in this army are things like macrifages, bhasa, fylls, 222 00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:01,160 Speaker 3: dendritic cells, or neutrophils. So these are all fancy names 223 00:12:01,679 --> 00:12:04,120 Speaker 3: for cells in our body that do different things to 224 00:12:04,120 --> 00:12:07,800 Speaker 3: get rid of the bacteria or viruses or other foreign invaders. 225 00:12:08,160 --> 00:12:11,800 Speaker 3: Macrifages are kind of like these big cells that kind 226 00:12:11,800 --> 00:12:15,720 Speaker 3: of engulf whatever foreign particle they see. The chemicals inside 227 00:12:15,720 --> 00:12:18,640 Speaker 3: of the macrophage just eat up whatever they see, and 228 00:12:18,720 --> 00:12:22,240 Speaker 3: so that's kind of what a macropage does. Neutrophills are 229 00:12:22,559 --> 00:12:24,720 Speaker 3: kind of in a similar way doing that same thing. 230 00:12:24,920 --> 00:12:28,760 Speaker 1: Those cell types and neutrophills, basophylls, mass cells, dendritic cells, 231 00:12:29,040 --> 00:12:31,560 Speaker 1: those are all part of our innate immune system and 232 00:12:31,640 --> 00:12:34,000 Speaker 1: so tt like you mentioned, if things slip past our 233 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:36,720 Speaker 1: innate immune system, they move on to our second line 234 00:12:36,720 --> 00:12:39,079 Speaker 1: of defense, which is our acquired immune system. 235 00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:43,520 Speaker 2: The acquired immune system uses lymphocytes, so those are cells 236 00:12:43,559 --> 00:12:45,640 Speaker 2: that circulate in the blood and are made up of 237 00:12:45,720 --> 00:12:48,880 Speaker 2: T cells and B cells to target specific pathogens. 238 00:12:48,960 --> 00:12:53,600 Speaker 3: These cells take longer to develop because their behaviors evolve 239 00:12:54,120 --> 00:12:57,480 Speaker 3: from learned experiences, but they tend to live longer than 240 00:12:57,480 --> 00:13:02,360 Speaker 3: innate cells and the adaptive immune cells remember foreign invaders 241 00:13:02,520 --> 00:13:05,880 Speaker 3: after their first encounter and then fight them off the 242 00:13:05,920 --> 00:13:09,439 Speaker 3: next time more easily. So this is really the fundamental 243 00:13:09,480 --> 00:13:12,160 Speaker 3: concept and promise for how vaccines work. 244 00:13:12,240 --> 00:13:16,000 Speaker 1: For example, yes, remember in the HIV episodes with doctor 245 00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:18,920 Speaker 1: Christine Daniels, we talked about creating that mugshot, and so 246 00:13:18,960 --> 00:13:20,640 Speaker 1: your immune system is like I already know who you 247 00:13:20,679 --> 00:13:22,560 Speaker 1: are and I know what to do. Uh huh. That's 248 00:13:22,600 --> 00:13:25,720 Speaker 1: basically what we're doing when we expose our bodies to vaccines, 249 00:13:25,880 --> 00:13:27,679 Speaker 1: speeding up that learning process. 250 00:13:27,800 --> 00:13:30,280 Speaker 2: So, now that we understand how the immune system works, 251 00:13:30,640 --> 00:13:32,800 Speaker 2: what are some signs we can look for to know 252 00:13:32,920 --> 00:13:34,160 Speaker 2: that it's working. 253 00:13:34,360 --> 00:13:36,880 Speaker 1: One of the most common misconceptions is that if you 254 00:13:36,960 --> 00:13:40,040 Speaker 1: get quote unquote sick, so like if your nose is running, 255 00:13:40,120 --> 00:13:42,280 Speaker 1: or if you are achy, or if you have a fever, 256 00:13:42,600 --> 00:13:45,520 Speaker 1: that your immune system isn't working. But that's actually a 257 00:13:45,559 --> 00:13:48,360 Speaker 1: sign that it is. Let's take lymph nodes for example. 258 00:13:48,640 --> 00:13:51,600 Speaker 3: Lymph Nodes are tissues that are found all over our bodies, 259 00:13:51,920 --> 00:13:54,760 Speaker 3: and lymph nodes produce white blood cells and white blood 260 00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:56,199 Speaker 3: cells help fight off infection. 261 00:13:56,440 --> 00:13:59,360 Speaker 2: Lymph Nodes can be found underneath our neck, under our arms, 262 00:13:59,360 --> 00:14:01,880 Speaker 2: near our gurn and literally all over. 263 00:14:02,160 --> 00:14:04,840 Speaker 3: When we actually get sick, then our lynth nodes go 264 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:08,079 Speaker 3: into action, and that's when they get inflamed, and that's 265 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:11,040 Speaker 3: when they get bigger. That's evidence that your body is 266 00:14:11,120 --> 00:14:13,440 Speaker 3: doing something to fight off infection. 267 00:14:13,760 --> 00:14:16,240 Speaker 1: And so when we think about people's response to the 268 00:14:16,280 --> 00:14:20,280 Speaker 1: COVID vaccine and boosters or even the flu shot, sore arms, fatigue, 269 00:14:20,640 --> 00:14:22,920 Speaker 1: all of that is just a sign that your immune 270 00:14:22,960 --> 00:14:23,880 Speaker 1: system is working. 271 00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:27,120 Speaker 2: You know that the flu shot makes me hurl every 272 00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:28,400 Speaker 2: time I get it. 273 00:14:28,520 --> 00:14:29,960 Speaker 1: I didn't know that, girl. 274 00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:32,480 Speaker 2: It happened at your house in North Carolina. 275 00:14:33,120 --> 00:14:35,080 Speaker 1: Oh the flu shot did that to you, haven't. You 276 00:14:35,160 --> 00:14:37,240 Speaker 1: just had a different kind of responding. 277 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:39,840 Speaker 2: Paint the picture for you, okay, o was as a 278 00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:40,680 Speaker 2: kid's parents' house. 279 00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:41,880 Speaker 1: Oh, at my parents' house. 280 00:14:42,160 --> 00:14:45,240 Speaker 2: Yes. We were hitting golf balls with her dad, and 281 00:14:45,280 --> 00:14:47,920 Speaker 2: I had just gotten a flu shot like two days before. 282 00:14:48,200 --> 00:14:49,960 Speaker 2: It was my very first flu shot, so I didn't 283 00:14:49,960 --> 00:14:51,680 Speaker 2: know nothing was going to happen to me. He put 284 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:54,880 Speaker 2: lamb on the grill. We was eating good, okay, hitting 285 00:14:54,920 --> 00:14:57,840 Speaker 2: golf balls. Her dad is launching those golf balls into 286 00:14:57,840 --> 00:15:00,480 Speaker 2: the stratosphere. And then all of a sudden and I'm like, 287 00:15:00,960 --> 00:15:05,720 Speaker 2: something is not right. I start to feel lightheaded. And 288 00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:08,880 Speaker 2: then I say I'm about to throw up. I run 289 00:15:08,960 --> 00:15:12,240 Speaker 2: to the bathroom. I felt awful because we had so 290 00:15:12,360 --> 00:15:14,040 Speaker 2: much good food that I was like, I really hope 291 00:15:14,080 --> 00:15:15,360 Speaker 2: he doesn't think it was his food, because I know 292 00:15:15,400 --> 00:15:17,040 Speaker 2: it's not his food. I don't know what's wrong with me. 293 00:15:17,320 --> 00:15:19,320 Speaker 2: But then I was like, I have to go home, 294 00:15:19,480 --> 00:15:22,640 Speaker 2: and so I drove back to Dorn and then proceeded 295 00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:25,280 Speaker 2: to vomit my life away for the next two days. 296 00:15:25,360 --> 00:15:27,160 Speaker 1: And does this happen every time you get a flu shot? 297 00:15:27,320 --> 00:15:28,200 Speaker 1: Not that extreme? 298 00:15:28,640 --> 00:15:30,480 Speaker 2: So that was my very first flu shot. So it 299 00:15:30,480 --> 00:15:33,240 Speaker 2: makes sense based on what you and doctor Gupta have 300 00:15:33,280 --> 00:15:35,880 Speaker 2: been saying about the immune system. My first experience with 301 00:15:35,920 --> 00:15:39,320 Speaker 2: the flu shot, I had a really strong reaction because 302 00:15:39,320 --> 00:15:41,360 Speaker 2: my body's like, okay, is how do we get rid 303 00:15:41,400 --> 00:15:43,560 Speaker 2: of this? What is this? This is something new that 304 00:15:43,560 --> 00:15:46,040 Speaker 2: we've never seen before. But now every time I get 305 00:15:46,080 --> 00:15:49,280 Speaker 2: the flu shot since then, I'll get supernauxous. Sometimes I'll 306 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:51,200 Speaker 2: throw up. But the last time I got it, I 307 00:15:51,240 --> 00:15:54,080 Speaker 2: just felt a little queasy, and so, m M, I'm 308 00:15:54,080 --> 00:15:56,280 Speaker 2: guessing this immune system is doing what it's supposed to do. 309 00:15:56,280 --> 00:15:57,520 Speaker 2: It's given what it's supposed to give. 310 00:15:57,880 --> 00:16:00,240 Speaker 3: Yeah, and if you don't have those symptoms. If you 311 00:16:00,280 --> 00:16:02,920 Speaker 3: don't have that akiness or you didn't really get sick, 312 00:16:02,960 --> 00:16:05,640 Speaker 3: it doesn't mean the immune system wasn't working. It just 313 00:16:05,680 --> 00:16:08,920 Speaker 3: means that you can feel your immune system working more 314 00:16:08,960 --> 00:16:09,920 Speaker 3: than maybe somebody else. 315 00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:14,120 Speaker 1: Another example of the immune system working. Baby, you've seen 316 00:16:14,120 --> 00:16:18,520 Speaker 1: me suffer from this is allergies. That's our immune system overreacting. 317 00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:21,760 Speaker 2: Listen, I have allergies, but I have never seen someone 318 00:16:22,040 --> 00:16:24,000 Speaker 2: suffer like my friend. 319 00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:27,200 Speaker 1: Okay, you don't want to be outside with me without 320 00:16:27,200 --> 00:16:30,720 Speaker 1: a Xytec and a flow naz spray nostril. 321 00:16:31,320 --> 00:16:34,440 Speaker 2: I've got to get my friend inside. She is perishing. 322 00:16:34,720 --> 00:16:35,640 Speaker 2: Every time our. 323 00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:38,280 Speaker 3: Immune system all of a sudden looks at a dog 324 00:16:38,360 --> 00:16:41,680 Speaker 3: protein or a cat protein or you know, dust mighte 325 00:16:41,880 --> 00:16:44,200 Speaker 3: and all of a sudden thinks that this is something 326 00:16:44,200 --> 00:16:46,440 Speaker 3: that I need to react against, when in fact, it's 327 00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:49,280 Speaker 3: not something that you need to react against. So it 328 00:16:49,320 --> 00:16:52,360 Speaker 3: isn't like the tree because tree protein is actually good. 329 00:16:52,400 --> 00:16:54,680 Speaker 3: It's good for environment, we need more of it. But 330 00:16:54,880 --> 00:16:58,120 Speaker 3: it's that when our body sees it, it's reacting in 331 00:16:58,160 --> 00:17:02,840 Speaker 3: an abnormal way and ripple effect of all these chemicals 332 00:17:02,880 --> 00:17:07,120 Speaker 3: being released, and those chemicals are what caused the damage 333 00:17:07,160 --> 00:17:10,440 Speaker 3: and the inflammation and all the symptoms that we experience. 334 00:17:10,600 --> 00:17:13,760 Speaker 1: So when we think about how people are treating their allergies, 335 00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:16,520 Speaker 1: a lot of people are taking antihistamines and things like this, 336 00:17:16,600 --> 00:17:19,520 Speaker 1: and what they're doing is actually dampening their immune system. 337 00:17:19,560 --> 00:17:22,480 Speaker 1: They're turning that reaction down so that they're not getting 338 00:17:22,480 --> 00:17:26,240 Speaker 1: so much of the running nose and the inflammation. Histamines 339 00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:29,840 Speaker 1: are chemicals involved in our immune system, and if you 340 00:17:30,080 --> 00:17:33,640 Speaker 1: take benadrill or something like that for allergies, you'll see 341 00:17:33,680 --> 00:17:37,639 Speaker 1: the term antihistamine. And what that's doing is you can 342 00:17:37,680 --> 00:17:40,159 Speaker 1: think of it as kind of sequestering those histamines away 343 00:17:40,240 --> 00:17:42,639 Speaker 1: so you don't get those responses like the running nose 344 00:17:42,680 --> 00:17:46,240 Speaker 1: and the itchy eyes and the inflammation that's associated with 345 00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:50,280 Speaker 1: our immune systems overreacting to these allergens. Right, So you're 346 00:17:50,320 --> 00:17:52,879 Speaker 1: basically saying, hey, take it easy, all right. 347 00:17:53,320 --> 00:17:55,240 Speaker 2: It's holding your immus as Tom back home back. 348 00:17:55,359 --> 00:17:55,520 Speaker 4: Yeah. 349 00:17:56,040 --> 00:17:58,280 Speaker 1: Yes, that's exactly what it's like. And the nice thing 350 00:17:58,400 --> 00:18:01,040 Speaker 1: is that it's specific to the allergens, so it doesn't 351 00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:04,000 Speaker 1: mean that your immune system is impaired from protecting you 352 00:18:04,080 --> 00:18:06,119 Speaker 1: against other things. So that's really nice to have that 353 00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:08,320 Speaker 1: kind of specific targeting for allergies. 354 00:18:08,760 --> 00:18:11,280 Speaker 2: Okay, so let's take a break and when we come back, 355 00:18:11,320 --> 00:18:14,240 Speaker 2: we'll talk all about what happens when the immune system 356 00:18:14,440 --> 00:18:17,119 Speaker 2: doesn't work and what we can do to strengthen our 357 00:18:17,160 --> 00:18:37,639 Speaker 2: immune system. 358 00:18:38,040 --> 00:18:40,320 Speaker 1: We're back and we're talking about the immune system with 359 00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:43,040 Speaker 1: doctor Piel Gupta. Now that we have a better understanding 360 00:18:43,040 --> 00:18:44,879 Speaker 1: of what the immune system does and how it works, 361 00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:49,040 Speaker 1: what happens if it's not working. So what we've learned 362 00:18:49,080 --> 00:18:51,640 Speaker 1: is that there are some immune system disorders and they 363 00:18:51,680 --> 00:18:54,400 Speaker 1: mostly have to do with the immune system operating out 364 00:18:54,440 --> 00:18:59,040 Speaker 1: of balance, either underreacting or overreacting to a foreign invader. 365 00:18:59,320 --> 00:19:03,240 Speaker 1: When the immune sys is underreacting, it's called an immune deficiency. 366 00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:06,840 Speaker 3: So an immune deficiency is when our body isn't reacting 367 00:19:07,119 --> 00:19:11,800 Speaker 3: to viruses, bacteria, fungi. And it can be from the cells, 368 00:19:11,880 --> 00:19:13,760 Speaker 3: you know, all of these different cells, from a part 369 00:19:13,760 --> 00:19:17,280 Speaker 3: of those cells not working properly, or that there aren't 370 00:19:17,480 --> 00:19:20,600 Speaker 3: enough of those cells to help fight infection. So it 371 00:19:20,600 --> 00:19:22,760 Speaker 3: can be either the function or it. 372 00:19:22,640 --> 00:19:25,600 Speaker 1: Can be the amount. And immune deficiency can be primary 373 00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:28,360 Speaker 1: which means it was inherited at birth, or secondary which 374 00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:30,800 Speaker 1: means it's not an innate disorder. But something that is 375 00:19:30,880 --> 00:19:34,080 Speaker 1: secondary to another condition such as cancer or AIDS, which 376 00:19:34,119 --> 00:19:38,000 Speaker 1: stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and those immune deficiencies 377 00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:40,040 Speaker 1: can range in severity and treatment. 378 00:19:40,440 --> 00:19:44,679 Speaker 3: So in those situations, you know, those patients need extra boosters, 379 00:19:44,720 --> 00:19:49,040 Speaker 3: they need more antibiotics, they need stronger antibiotics than other people. 380 00:19:49,200 --> 00:19:52,000 Speaker 3: If it's a severe immune deficiency, we sometimes have to 381 00:19:52,040 --> 00:19:55,240 Speaker 3: actually replace the bone marrow, and that the more severe 382 00:19:55,320 --> 00:19:58,360 Speaker 3: ones will show up at birth, and so we actually 383 00:19:58,440 --> 00:20:01,240 Speaker 3: have a screening system to kind of find those immune 384 00:20:01,280 --> 00:20:04,800 Speaker 3: deficiencies very quickly when a baby is born so that 385 00:20:04,840 --> 00:20:07,280 Speaker 3: we can help protect them and take care of them 386 00:20:07,640 --> 00:20:10,000 Speaker 3: and make sure that they don't get that first infection 387 00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:13,320 Speaker 3: that could lead to unfortunate circumstances. 388 00:20:13,520 --> 00:20:15,560 Speaker 2: So then what about the other side of the coin 389 00:20:15,680 --> 00:20:19,240 Speaker 2: when our immune system is overreactive. 390 00:20:18,560 --> 00:20:22,200 Speaker 3: And then the overactive immune system is you know, things 391 00:20:22,280 --> 00:20:29,320 Speaker 3: like autoimmune diseases, so you know where like thyroid dysfunction, lupus, rheumatrate, arthritis, 392 00:20:29,359 --> 00:20:31,840 Speaker 3: things like that where our immune system might be acting 393 00:20:31,880 --> 00:20:35,400 Speaker 3: against us. Then we get other issues where a lot 394 00:20:35,440 --> 00:20:37,720 Speaker 3: of inflammation, a lot of the things that we use 395 00:20:37,800 --> 00:20:41,280 Speaker 3: to fight infection and turn then causes problems in our body. 396 00:20:41,480 --> 00:20:44,240 Speaker 2: So some parts of our immune system we cannot change 397 00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:47,240 Speaker 2: because it's just what we're born with and so there's 398 00:20:47,280 --> 00:20:49,200 Speaker 2: not much we can do to fix it. But there 399 00:20:49,200 --> 00:20:52,520 Speaker 2: are aspects of our lives that do affect our immune 400 00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:55,280 Speaker 2: system that we have some control over, like sleep. And 401 00:20:55,320 --> 00:20:58,320 Speaker 2: we just finished talking about sleep in the last two labs, 402 00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:01,199 Speaker 2: and what we know about sleep is that it is 403 00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:03,760 Speaker 2: not created equal. There are some of us who have 404 00:21:03,920 --> 00:21:07,159 Speaker 2: the privilege of being able to get eight hours of 405 00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:10,480 Speaker 2: deep sleep, but there are other people who don't because 406 00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:15,080 Speaker 2: of where they live, their job schedules, or anything in between. 407 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:18,399 Speaker 3: But definitely for the immune system, we know that during 408 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:21,080 Speaker 3: sleep we're actually producing certain side of kinds that we 409 00:21:21,119 --> 00:21:25,040 Speaker 3: need in order to fight infection. So cyto kinds are 410 00:21:25,240 --> 00:21:30,160 Speaker 3: essentially just chemicals that then call other players into action. 411 00:21:30,440 --> 00:21:33,320 Speaker 1: If we don't produce those side of kinds, we're susceptible 412 00:21:33,560 --> 00:21:36,399 Speaker 1: to all types of attacks on our immune system. So, 413 00:21:36,800 --> 00:21:39,000 Speaker 1: like you said, TT, yes, sleep is key for a 414 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:41,000 Speaker 1: healthy immune system. But what are some of the other 415 00:21:41,040 --> 00:21:44,119 Speaker 1: things you've seen people doing to increase their immune health. 416 00:21:44,160 --> 00:21:47,240 Speaker 2: Oh, my goodness, so many things. I think you mentioned 417 00:21:47,240 --> 00:21:52,320 Speaker 2: that elderberry, which yes, I had never heard of, but 418 00:21:52,440 --> 00:21:56,320 Speaker 2: not everybody is, you know, injecting into their veins. 419 00:21:56,520 --> 00:21:59,680 Speaker 1: The other thing that I remember being big was celery juice. 420 00:22:00,119 --> 00:22:02,000 Speaker 1: When everybody was drinking all that celery. 421 00:22:01,720 --> 00:22:05,359 Speaker 2: Juice, Yes, and everybody is me. I was drinking celery 422 00:22:05,440 --> 00:22:08,280 Speaker 2: juice for a little bit. I didn't know then it's disgusting. 423 00:22:08,359 --> 00:22:11,000 Speaker 2: That's why I was adding it into my juices that 424 00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:13,400 Speaker 2: I was making at the time that had apple, cucumber, 425 00:22:13,520 --> 00:22:16,320 Speaker 2: gender and things like that. And I was like, oh, celery, 426 00:22:17,040 --> 00:22:19,760 Speaker 2: and I put the celery in the thing. Celery. Let 427 00:22:19,760 --> 00:22:22,320 Speaker 2: me tell you, you'll know if they're celery in that juice 428 00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:25,240 Speaker 2: that you're drinking, because it turns it to something pungent. 429 00:22:25,680 --> 00:22:29,000 Speaker 2: You'll know if it's gross. Look at the ingredients, they're 430 00:22:29,040 --> 00:22:29,639 Speaker 2: celery in it. 431 00:22:29,760 --> 00:22:32,320 Speaker 1: When you think about those things, celery feels like the tuba, 432 00:22:32,480 --> 00:22:34,960 Speaker 1: like you're praying a beautiful siphony with your juices, and 433 00:22:34,960 --> 00:22:37,880 Speaker 1: if you put celery in there, it's like coming like, yes, 434 00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:52,120 Speaker 1: it's not right. But I wonder, like when I think 435 00:22:52,160 --> 00:22:55,520 Speaker 1: about immune health and all of these things the stomach 436 00:22:55,680 --> 00:22:59,000 Speaker 1: and the acids in our stomach, they're destroying things that 437 00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:01,399 Speaker 1: we put in there, So oh, is that really working, 438 00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:04,520 Speaker 1: can we eat our way to better immune hill As far. 439 00:23:04,440 --> 00:23:08,440 Speaker 3: As nutrition goes and diet and the immune system in general, 440 00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:11,359 Speaker 3: having a healthy diet is going to allow you to 441 00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:14,119 Speaker 3: have a healthy immune system and a healthy body. So 442 00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:17,520 Speaker 3: I'll take, like, for example, vitamin C. Our bodies don't 443 00:23:17,560 --> 00:23:20,159 Speaker 3: make vitamin seed, right, but we need it for our 444 00:23:20,160 --> 00:23:23,159 Speaker 3: immune system. And we get vitamin C from our diet, 445 00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:27,480 Speaker 3: and usually it's from citrus, fruits, strawberries, green vegetables, tomatoes, 446 00:23:28,040 --> 00:23:33,199 Speaker 3: And the recommended dietary allowance for men is ninety milligrams 447 00:23:33,240 --> 00:23:36,200 Speaker 3: per day and for women at seventy five milligrams per day. 448 00:23:36,520 --> 00:23:39,000 Speaker 3: That's pretty easy to get if you have a pretty 449 00:23:39,160 --> 00:23:41,760 Speaker 3: well balanced diet. You don't have to work very hard 450 00:23:41,760 --> 00:23:42,159 Speaker 3: to get it. 451 00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:45,280 Speaker 1: But if you're eating any of those things, then I'm 452 00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:48,920 Speaker 1: not saying anybody on this line is not eating those things, 453 00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:50,159 Speaker 1: but some people might not be. 454 00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:51,840 Speaker 2: I do take a vitamin seafood. 455 00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:54,720 Speaker 1: Well, that's a good pay you are taking a supplement. 456 00:23:55,119 --> 00:23:56,520 Speaker 1: So does that make a difference? 457 00:24:02,160 --> 00:24:02,399 Speaker 4: You know? 458 00:24:02,600 --> 00:24:05,760 Speaker 3: According to Harvard Health, the data on vitamin C is 459 00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:09,240 Speaker 3: that it's only marginally beneficial when it comes to things 460 00:24:09,280 --> 00:24:11,560 Speaker 3: like the common cult and when you see something like 461 00:24:11,560 --> 00:24:14,280 Speaker 3: that where it says it's only marginally beneficial. That means 462 00:24:14,280 --> 00:24:17,240 Speaker 3: that more than likely taking large amounts of vitamin C 463 00:24:18,040 --> 00:24:20,520 Speaker 3: is maybe going to help you a little bit, but 464 00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:21,399 Speaker 3: maybe not so. 465 00:24:21,480 --> 00:24:24,000 Speaker 2: Doctor Gupta is saying that at least for something like 466 00:24:24,080 --> 00:24:27,800 Speaker 2: vitamin C, focusing on a healthy, balanced lifestyle is the 467 00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:30,800 Speaker 2: most important thing and getting plenty of exercise and sleep 468 00:24:30,840 --> 00:24:33,080 Speaker 2: as well. Those are the best things you can do 469 00:24:33,200 --> 00:24:35,800 Speaker 2: to keep up a healthy immune system and best to 470 00:24:35,840 --> 00:24:38,080 Speaker 2: focus on before you start adding supplements. 471 00:24:38,119 --> 00:24:40,960 Speaker 3: And then the other big, big, big factor for all 472 00:24:41,000 --> 00:24:44,240 Speaker 3: of these supplements and things like that is the cost 473 00:24:44,680 --> 00:24:47,240 Speaker 3: and the safety. So you know, even though it says 474 00:24:47,400 --> 00:24:50,920 Speaker 3: quote unquote natural on something, if you're taking an enlarger 475 00:24:51,040 --> 00:24:55,320 Speaker 3: doses because they're saying that these higher doses might be beneficial, 476 00:24:55,640 --> 00:24:58,200 Speaker 3: well it could also be the opposite. It could also 477 00:24:58,560 --> 00:25:01,920 Speaker 3: yield a side effect because anything in a higher concentration 478 00:25:02,040 --> 00:25:03,400 Speaker 3: can also cause problems. 479 00:25:03,480 --> 00:25:05,960 Speaker 1: Well, just know, our bodies can't absorb all those vitamins 480 00:25:05,960 --> 00:25:07,280 Speaker 1: and they really can end up as waste. 481 00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:09,720 Speaker 3: Something that my girlfriend just said the other day, which 482 00:25:09,760 --> 00:25:13,160 Speaker 3: is super important and she's a physician, also is that 483 00:25:13,359 --> 00:25:17,800 Speaker 3: Americans have the most expensive p in all of the world. 484 00:25:18,119 --> 00:25:19,640 Speaker 1: Ah literally liquid gold. 485 00:25:21,160 --> 00:25:23,679 Speaker 2: This is perfect because in next week's lab we are 486 00:25:23,720 --> 00:25:29,000 Speaker 2: talking to doctor Alice Lichtenstein about vitamins and why our 487 00:25:29,160 --> 00:25:31,679 Speaker 2: p is so expensive in the United States. We're going 488 00:25:31,760 --> 00:25:34,200 Speaker 2: to talk about the vitamin industry, and we're going to 489 00:25:34,240 --> 00:25:37,080 Speaker 2: be talking about what we need to be considering if 490 00:25:37,280 --> 00:25:49,119 Speaker 2: or when we decide we want to take vitamins. I 491 00:25:49,119 --> 00:25:50,399 Speaker 2: think one of the things that I feel like is 492 00:25:50,440 --> 00:25:53,800 Speaker 2: really important with what doctor Gupto was saying, is that 493 00:25:53,960 --> 00:25:57,560 Speaker 2: our immune system, our innate immune system or the immune 494 00:25:57,560 --> 00:26:00,800 Speaker 2: system that we develop over time. It's not something that 495 00:26:01,200 --> 00:26:03,080 Speaker 2: you know some people can help. The stuff that we 496 00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:06,960 Speaker 2: are born with or the conditions that someone might have 497 00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:09,960 Speaker 2: that can dictate a lot of different things. So when 498 00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:13,639 Speaker 2: she talked about the thyroid, there's thyroid deficiencies where you 499 00:26:13,680 --> 00:26:16,439 Speaker 2: can have an overactive thyroid and then that leads to 500 00:26:16,760 --> 00:26:22,840 Speaker 2: other health issues like weight gain or fatigue or depression, 501 00:26:23,359 --> 00:26:25,320 Speaker 2: and those are all linked to your thyroid. So I 502 00:26:25,320 --> 00:26:28,720 Speaker 2: think these types of distinctions are important to realize. One 503 00:26:28,960 --> 00:26:33,360 Speaker 2: mind your business and most of all, mind your own 504 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:37,719 Speaker 2: immune system and keep those things in mind when people 505 00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:42,240 Speaker 2: are struggling with different ailments like diabetes, like lupus like 506 00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:45,199 Speaker 2: thyroid disease. I think, first of all, you have no 507 00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:48,200 Speaker 2: clue what's going on in your immune system until something 508 00:26:48,240 --> 00:26:51,880 Speaker 2: goes wrong. I mean, it is magical how all these 509 00:26:51,880 --> 00:26:55,160 Speaker 2: different systems are operating and interconnecting and with so many 510 00:26:55,160 --> 00:26:55,880 Speaker 2: different inputs. 511 00:26:55,880 --> 00:26:57,639 Speaker 1: If we think back to the things we've talked about 512 00:26:57,680 --> 00:27:03,080 Speaker 1: psychologically socially, those things have biological implications. The health you 513 00:27:03,200 --> 00:27:06,159 Speaker 1: had at fifteen is not the health you're going to 514 00:27:06,240 --> 00:27:08,000 Speaker 1: have at thirty, and it's not the health you're gonna 515 00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:10,720 Speaker 1: have at sixty. And it's designed that way. So when 516 00:27:10,720 --> 00:27:12,480 Speaker 1: people say I'm at the best health of my life, 517 00:27:12,480 --> 00:27:14,479 Speaker 1: that may be different than somebody else's health. You know, 518 00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:17,360 Speaker 1: as much as we feel in control, we're not really 519 00:27:17,359 --> 00:27:20,120 Speaker 1: in control of, you know, what's happening in our bodies. 520 00:27:20,400 --> 00:27:23,479 Speaker 1: You're born with a certain set of components and you 521 00:27:23,520 --> 00:27:25,840 Speaker 1: do what you can with that. And I think there's 522 00:27:25,880 --> 00:27:28,119 Speaker 1: been a lot of conversation when we think about wellness 523 00:27:28,160 --> 00:27:30,600 Speaker 1: that sometimes I feel like it goes off the rails 524 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:32,520 Speaker 1: about like, oh, you got to do this stuff to 525 00:27:32,560 --> 00:27:35,840 Speaker 1: be healthy. There are genetic differences, there are all these 526 00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:37,800 Speaker 1: other things that kind of happen along the way, and 527 00:27:37,840 --> 00:27:39,240 Speaker 1: I think we just need to be aware of that 528 00:27:39,560 --> 00:27:42,119 Speaker 1: and that your immune system is designed to peak, you know, 529 00:27:42,119 --> 00:27:44,280 Speaker 1: at a certain age and then start dropping off. And 530 00:27:44,359 --> 00:27:46,879 Speaker 1: what those peaks and valleys look like and how often 531 00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:49,480 Speaker 1: they happen could be tied to so many other factors. 532 00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:50,719 Speaker 1: There's just no way to know. 533 00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:52,920 Speaker 2: Yeah, I think that's a great point. So it also 534 00:27:53,440 --> 00:27:56,320 Speaker 2: makes you think, like, check in with yourself. Are you 535 00:27:56,400 --> 00:28:00,800 Speaker 2: noticing anything abnormal or something that you feel like it 536 00:28:00,800 --> 00:28:02,760 Speaker 2: happens to you more often? You are getting sick more 537 00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:05,880 Speaker 2: often than other people. Maybe that's the perfect time talk 538 00:28:05,920 --> 00:28:08,320 Speaker 2: to your doctor about it. Yes, like we said in 539 00:28:08,320 --> 00:28:11,400 Speaker 2: our early episode, protect your neck. Did you see how 540 00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:13,400 Speaker 2: people were making fun of Kevin Durant because his leg 541 00:28:13,480 --> 00:28:14,760 Speaker 2: was ashym. 542 00:28:14,560 --> 00:28:17,080 Speaker 1: Yes, so you know that's social commentary, but that's also 543 00:28:17,320 --> 00:28:20,960 Speaker 1: health advice. Kevin Durant, please moisturize your first line of defense. 544 00:28:21,040 --> 00:28:25,639 Speaker 2: But one of the symptoms for hashimotives disease is dry skin. 545 00:28:25,960 --> 00:28:29,360 Speaker 2: Is dry skin? Yes, so now I feel bad. Yeah, 546 00:28:29,560 --> 00:28:31,240 Speaker 2: I mean I didn't comment on the internet. 547 00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:33,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, but we don't never comment on the internet like that. 548 00:28:34,480 --> 00:28:36,680 Speaker 1: You were yourself under your. 549 00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:40,240 Speaker 2: Yeah, but that doesn't mean go out and start diagnosing 550 00:28:40,240 --> 00:28:42,760 Speaker 2: people with stuff, No mind your business, they will go 551 00:28:42,840 --> 00:28:43,479 Speaker 2: to their doctor. 552 00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:46,760 Speaker 1: That's the main diagnosis. That's what I'm doing in my business. 553 00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:49,440 Speaker 2: It's none of my business. It's none of my business. 554 00:28:49,880 --> 00:29:03,240 Speaker 4: Yes, Special thanks to today's guest expert, Doctor Payel Gupta. 555 00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:06,959 Speaker 1: Find her on Instagram at NYC doctor and on Twitter 556 00:29:07,040 --> 00:29:11,800 Speaker 1: at NYC Doctor Gupta. Dope Labs is an original production 557 00:29:11,960 --> 00:29:15,920 Speaker 1: from Mega Oh Media Group. Producers are Jenny Rattlett Mast 558 00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:19,800 Speaker 1: and Lydia Smith of Way Runner Studios. Editing and sound 559 00:29:19,840 --> 00:29:25,160 Speaker 1: designed by Rob Smerciak, Mixing by Hannis Brown. Original music 560 00:29:25,240 --> 00:29:30,320 Speaker 1: composed and produced by Taka Yasuzawa and Alex Segira from Spotify, 561 00:29:30,560 --> 00:29:35,000 Speaker 1: Executive producer Gina Delback and creative producer Candice Manriquez. Rin 562 00:29:35,800 --> 00:29:40,880 Speaker 1: Special thanks to Shirley Ramos, Yasmini, Fifi Kamulolia, Zil Krack 563 00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:45,200 Speaker 1: and Brian Marquis. Executive producers from Mega Oh Media Group 564 00:29:45,480 --> 00:30:00,840 Speaker 1: are My Internet Vesties, TC Shodia and Zakiyah Wattley