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Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature feature production of iHeartRadio. I'm your host

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Speaker 1: of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology and evolutionary biology,

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Speaker 1: and today on this show, we are talking about biomimicry.

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Speaker 1: It is when humans plagiarized from animals. We are not

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Speaker 1: given any royalties to these creatures, and yet we use

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Speaker 1: them as inspiration for our inventions. We're talking about shark

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Speaker 1: skin suits in a non hannibal elector way, butterfly money.

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Speaker 1: We're talking about gecko tape. And I have a guest

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Speaker 1: who is bringing up some mystery animals even to me,

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Speaker 1: So discover this more as we answer the age old

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Speaker 1: question have you ever rubbed a shark? Joining me today

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Speaker 1: is host of the Maximum Fun Network podcast Just the

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Speaker 1: Zoo of Us. Ellen Weatherford, Welcome woo.

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Speaker 2: Nobody listening can see me dancing. I'm dancing.

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Speaker 1: Feel the energy.

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Speaker 2: Just imagine in your head that I'm dancing and it's

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Speaker 2: like really good, like I'm doing a really really like.

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Speaker 1: The subtle vibrations of the air waves into the microphone

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Speaker 1: as you dance does give an energy to the audio,

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Speaker 1: a dance energy. Ellen, have you ever have you ever

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Speaker 1: rubbed a shark.

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Speaker 2: I have rubbed a shark. It's kind of fun. How

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Speaker 2: you ask, because I just told this story like on

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Speaker 2: like two weeks ago, maybe on our podcast. So my

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Speaker 2: husband and I when we were just friends. This was

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Speaker 2: prior to our relationship with a bunch of other friends. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: I got shark. Sond We were out with a bunch

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Speaker 2: of friends on the beach in the middle of the night.

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Speaker 2: We were flying kites at like I don't know, eleven pm.

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Speaker 2: It's pitch black dark. I've got my dog out on

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Speaker 2: this beach. And she runs up and finds a dead

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Speaker 2: bonnet head shark on the beach. Yeah. This is in Florida,

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Speaker 2: by the way, I should have said. And Christian, who

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Speaker 2: is now my husband, picks it up and he's like,

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Speaker 2: you know, checking it out. He's he's looking at he's

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Speaker 2: interested in sharks and stuff. Sure, And I was like,

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Speaker 2: pleas me but I yeah, He's like, I'll mess with

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Speaker 2: it a little bit. And I have historically been absolutely

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Speaker 2: terrified of anything that lives in the water. I don't

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Speaker 2: want to touch it. If it's in the water, I

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Speaker 2: don't want to touch it. And so Christian asks me,

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Speaker 2: because he knows I'm I'm also just a perilously curious person.

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Speaker 2: And he says, do you know what a shark feels like?

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Speaker 2: And I was like, no, I don't. Uh what does

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Speaker 2: it feel like? He goes, I'm not gonna tell you.

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Speaker 2: I was like why not? And he's like, because I

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Speaker 2: think you should get over your fear and touch it.

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Speaker 2: It's dead, it can't do anything to you. So if

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Speaker 2: you want to find out what it feels like, you

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Speaker 2: got to touch it. And he knew that my curiosity

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Speaker 2: was going to get the better of me. And I did,

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Speaker 2: in fact touch the shark and I.

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Speaker 1: Rubbed it how to feel.

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Speaker 2: I don't know if you want me to spoil what

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Speaker 2: the texture is.

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Speaker 1: I've rubbed a shark before, I've rubbed rays, I've rubbed sharks,

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Speaker 1: I've rubbed a lot of things. Your fear about touching

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Speaker 1: things in the ocean is actually pretty reasonable, because there

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Speaker 1: are some things that if you touch, you could die.

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Speaker 2: Most things will mess you up.

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Speaker 1: A lot of things in the ocean will mess you up.

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Speaker 1: Like if you see a little yellow octopus with its

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Speaker 1: adorable and it's got bright blue rings, and you know,

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Speaker 1: don't touch that one. It'll kill you with a touch

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Speaker 1: A toxin, So your instinct is correct. But usually a shark,

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Speaker 1: especially dead one, is not going to hurt you if

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Speaker 1: you rub it. So, what did it feel like, Ellen,

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Speaker 1: when you were rubbing that dead shark.

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Speaker 2: So if you were to pet it as one would

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Speaker 2: a dog, when you pet it from like head to

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Speaker 2: tail in that direction, feels kind of like what you

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Speaker 2: would expect it to, like a sort of smooth feeling

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Speaker 2: from head to tail. But if you were to go

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Speaker 2: in the opposite direction, it is really really rough and

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Speaker 2: sand papery and like a like a really coarse grit

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Speaker 2: sand paper, like you could you could actually get a

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Speaker 2: rash from like rubbing it in the opposite direction.

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Speaker 1: In fact, researchers do sometimes get rashes, like when they

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Speaker 1: handle sharks gitting too much.

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Speaker 2: It seems like the least cool injury you could get

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Speaker 2: when working with sharks.

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Speaker 1: It sounds like it sounds like you could be easily

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Speaker 1: misunderstood if you're like, I got a rash from rubbing

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Speaker 1: this shark. But yeah, it's it's not. It's not ideal

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Speaker 1: thing to rub in the wrong direction. It's actually kind

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Speaker 1: of reminds me a bit of cat tongues, you know,

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Speaker 1: like that, Yeah, like they're kind of smooth in one direction,

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Speaker 1: but they're super sand papery and rough in the other direction.

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Speaker 1: And have you ever liked.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and they don't look that way, like when you

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Speaker 2: just look at them, you can't. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: When you look at a distance, you're like, that's just

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Speaker 1: a little tongue that should feel gross and wet, but

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Speaker 1: it's like actually really rough. And when you look at

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Speaker 1: it more closely, you see all these like kind of

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Speaker 1: tiny like hooks, like it looks a little bit like velcrow.

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Speaker 1: And that's what causes that sort of coarse texture with sharks.

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Speaker 1: The thing that's causing that coarse texture is denticles, which

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Speaker 1: I love the word. It is just such a fun word,

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Speaker 1: and dentical.

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Speaker 2: You cannot stress enough the d at the beginning delta.

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Speaker 2: We're not talking about tentacles. They're not covered in tiny

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Speaker 2: little tentacles that would be Lovecraftian.

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Speaker 1: I can only assume that denticles comes from the same

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna say Latin root as dentin or dental meaning tooth,

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Speaker 1: because it is these are tooth like projections, and when

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Speaker 1: you look at a shark skin close up, it kind

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Speaker 1: of looks like tiny our teeth all lined up kind

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Speaker 1: of like dragon scales, I want to say, And so

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Speaker 1: it makes sense then, right, like imagine you're petting a dragon,

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Speaker 1: as I do all the time, and you're petting it

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Speaker 1: in one way where the scales are sort of like

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Speaker 1: the direction the scales are facing, then it will be smooth.

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Speaker 1: But if you pet against it, it's gonna be really

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Speaker 1: rough in sand paper. And so that's why that shark

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Speaker 1: feels like you could sort of you know, finish a

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Speaker 1: wood project, a table that you've been working on.

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Speaker 2: This is my shark lathed.

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Speaker 1: Yeah you like you like this banister? I I evened

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Speaker 1: it out with shark, so uh yeah. So they have

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Speaker 1: these these these denticles and they are really interesting because

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Speaker 1: they offer these shark a few cool perks. One is

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Speaker 1: obviously kind of some armor, right, Like it makes their

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Speaker 1: skin a little harder, a little tougher, And you'd think

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Speaker 1: that maybe this is for like shark on shark sort

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Speaker 1: of attacks, but like it, which is true. It can

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Speaker 1: make them a little more tough endurable like against other

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Speaker 1: sharks or whales or large you know fish. But it

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Speaker 1: has a lot of use actually for the small things,

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Speaker 1: so like barnacles, parasites, bacteria, even algae. It the surface

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Speaker 1: makes it harder for them to adhere to, to stick to,

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Speaker 1: and so there it's kind of like you know, like

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Speaker 1: if you have a section cup and you put it

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Speaker 1: on like glass, like that's stuck on there forever and

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Speaker 1: it's really hard to get it off. But if you

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Speaker 1: put it on like a wall that's kind of bumpy,

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Speaker 1: you stick it on there, it doesn't have as much

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Speaker 1: like suction. It's harder to like stick on there. Even

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Speaker 1: though like bartacles don't necessarily use like section to stick

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Speaker 1: on things. It's like a similar concept board. It's like

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Speaker 1: their their adherence to the shark is made more difficult

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Speaker 1: by the fact that it has this y, like sharp

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Speaker 1: bumpy texture.

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Speaker 2: Like disrupts the sort of adherence to exactly. It's it's

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Speaker 2: funny that you say suction because the like, just two

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Speaker 2: weeks ago, I was talking to a researcher named Amani

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Speaker 2: Weber Schultz who studies were moras and they do suction

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Speaker 2: right on to like the underside or the side of

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Speaker 2: a shark. And a lot of the things we talked

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Speaker 2: about was that she actually studies denticals on different types

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Speaker 2: of sharks and was telling me about how not only

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Speaker 2: do like different species of sharks have different shapes of

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Speaker 2: the denticals, just like how different sharks have different teeth, right,

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Speaker 2: Like you can you can identify, like what shark a

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Speaker 2: tooth came from by the shape of it. And it

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Speaker 2: goes for the denticals too, that if you really zoom in,

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Speaker 2: you could look and like the denticals will have different shapes.

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Speaker 2: But then they'd have different shaped denticals on different parts

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Speaker 2: of their body, like the ones that the nose would

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Speaker 2: be different than the ones at the tail. She was

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Speaker 2: telling me about that, my mind was blown, Like she was.

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Speaker 2: She had some really amazing research that they did on

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Speaker 2: shark scales, because it is so much more complicated than

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Speaker 2: you might think. When you just look at a shark,

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Speaker 2: like you can't even really tell they have those.

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Speaker 1: Now they're tiny. You really can only see them under

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Speaker 1: a microscope and you can feel them with your hand

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Speaker 1: because of the roughness. But yeah, that's interesting. I mean,

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Speaker 1: like remoras are not necessarily bad for sharks. It's a

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Speaker 1: debate whether there it's a mutualistic versus like a commensal relationship,

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Speaker 1: meaning like the remora might benefit more from the shark

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Speaker 1: than the shark benefits from the remorra, but the remorra

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Speaker 1: is not hurting the shark. So like the I think

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Speaker 1: it's interesting. So like, I think the reason the remort

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Speaker 1: can kind of stick to the shark one thing is

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Speaker 1: that the remort is probably picking a part of the

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Speaker 1: shark that's a little smoother. Also, but also the remorra

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Speaker 1: is larger than say a barnacle, so it's like the

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Speaker 1: larger it is like if you stick a plunger to

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Speaker 1: a wall, you might get some suction where it's like

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Speaker 1: a smaller section cup, you might not get it. I

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Speaker 1: mean again, I'm not saying that the small animals use

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Speaker 1: like section necessarily. It's just like the that surface becomes

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Speaker 1: as you zoom out, it becomes smoother, and then as

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Speaker 1: you zoom in, like when you're smaller and smaller, that's

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Speaker 1: even bumpier for you as a tiny animal trying to

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Speaker 1: like stick on to the shark.

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Speaker 2: It's funny how like physics works differently when you're just tiny.

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Speaker 1: Exactly.

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Speaker 2: No, we're going to talk different physics.

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Speaker 1: We're going to talk about that some more. I mean,

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Speaker 1: I'm I'm not like a doctor of physics or of anything.

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Speaker 1: Despite what you might think in terms of my you know,

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Speaker 1: garage clinic, but no, I don't have any like I

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Speaker 1: don't have a great understanding of physics, but yeah, it is.

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Speaker 1: It is crazy. So the these denticles, in addition to

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Speaker 1: providing a hostile environment for like bacteria, algae, barnacles, also

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Speaker 1: reduce drag underwater, so it breaks up the res distance

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Speaker 1: from the water and allows them to basically cut more

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Speaker 1: through the water. So like you know, just like with air,

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Speaker 1: will create drag, if you're a shark under the water,

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Speaker 1: you're also gonna encounter some drag, like the resistance of

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Speaker 1: the water against your shape and your body that slows

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Speaker 1: you down. And so by reducing drag, they also so

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Speaker 1: they make themselves more energy efficient, they make themselves faster

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Speaker 1: and quieter. All of this is very important for an

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Speaker 1: apex predator like a shark that wants to be well,

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Speaker 1: not always apex depends on the size of the shark,

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Speaker 1: but a shark that wants to be quiet, it's an

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Speaker 1: ambush predator generally speaking. And it also is it benefits

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Speaker 1: the shark to get to an animal quick more quickly

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Speaker 1: than say other sharks or other predators. So all these

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Speaker 1: things really benefit the shark, it also benefits Olympic swimmers,

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Speaker 1: or at least used to.

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Speaker 2: So.

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Speaker 1: The most obvious use of shark skin in terms of

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Speaker 1: human innovation is like a swimsuit to make us swim

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Speaker 1: good and speedo, which is apparently not just a type

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Speaker 1: of swimsuit. It's like a company made a swimsuit out

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Speaker 1: of basically like manufactured fake shark skin. It's not made

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Speaker 1: out of actual shark called fast skin that uses microscopic

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Speaker 1: structures that are similar to denticles to reduce drag, and

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Speaker 1: it was used by Olympic swimmers and it was so

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Speaker 1: good that, like in two thousand and eight, the Olympic

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Speaker 1: Committee was like, Okay, stop, you can't use this anymore.

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Speaker 1: Guys are going too fast, You're breaking too many records

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Speaker 1: and we don't like it, which seems weird to me

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Speaker 1: because it seems fun that we're getting people to be

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Speaker 1: faster and faster. I don't know, I'm not like an

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Speaker 1: Olympics uh expert. I don't really know what the term

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Speaker 1: for Olympics fans.

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Speaker 2: Is an Olympian Olympia.

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Speaker 1: I don't think that's is that like, is that someone

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Speaker 1: who's into the Olympics or someone who competes in the Olympics.

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Speaker 2: I think it's actually someone who lives in Olympia, Washington.

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Speaker 1: Olympus heads, Olympics heads.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, so it's I feel like if I was in

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Speaker 2: that position where we're like, oh, we got to do

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Speaker 2: something about these guys swimming too fast with it. Instead,

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Speaker 2: just make the fast skin mandatory for everybody, right level

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Speaker 2: the playing playing field, but faster, everybody going as fast

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Speaker 2: as they can.

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Speaker 1: I think a good compromise is like, you can use

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Speaker 1: the fast skin, but you also have to dress like

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Speaker 1: a little shark, so you need at dorsh need a

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Speaker 1: little shark outfit.

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Speaker 2: Like when I was a kid, they sold these like

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Speaker 2: goggle like goggles that had the shark fin on and

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Speaker 2: also these like flippery sort of maybe this was Shark

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Speaker 2: Boy and Lave a Girl tie in merch, but they

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Speaker 2: definitely and March for that movie almost certainly.

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Speaker 1: That's a deep cut. But no. Yeah, if okay, look

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Speaker 1: compromise Merman and women mer people.

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Speaker 2: Put everyone in a murrhperson tail.

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Speaker 1: Everyone everyone gottaware Mermaid outfit shark, but the shark kind

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Speaker 1: the murman, Mrman and Mermaid. Sorry, I feel like we

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Speaker 1: should have more inclusive like merh murpholk murfolk. That's it murfolks,

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Speaker 1: and they have to be shark based murphfolk.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I think there's what everybody do it make it

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Speaker 2: mandatory for everybody, then it's equal merfolcification.

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Speaker 1: So in addition to turning Olympians into murph folk, there

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Speaker 1: are other applications for man made dentacles. You can use

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Speaker 1: it to, like in paint to make the holes of

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Speaker 1: ships more resistant to barnacle attachment, and in medical settings

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Speaker 1: actually to prevent bacteria from growing on surface they're like

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Speaker 1: working on sort of they like basically surfaces in a

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Speaker 1: hospital make them more resistant to bacteria. One way to

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Speaker 1: do that would be to make the service disruptive to

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Speaker 1: the growth of bacteria by doing something similar to shirkskin

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Speaker 1: with like little projections. And then also to improve aerodynamics,

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Speaker 1: right like when turbines airplanes, it's a constant like air,

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Speaker 1: obviously different than water, but similar concept supply in terms

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Speaker 1: of breaking up wind reserves wind resistance, So like some

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Speaker 1: things that work in terms of hydrodynamics might also work

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Speaker 1: in aerodynamics. And that is all I know about the

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Speaker 1: physics of this situation and nothing more.

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Speaker 2: We maybe at a disadvantage here because I also, uh,

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Speaker 2: not only do I not know anything about physics, tried

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Speaker 2: to learn about physics. I took a physics class in

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Speaker 2: college and I immediately failed, like within two weeks. They

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Speaker 2: were like I was like, they were, I don't know

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Speaker 2: how you have an f already, because I want.

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Speaker 1: I once answered a question so bad on a physics

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Speaker 1: test in high school. My teacher was like, wait, this

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Speaker 1: was you, and I said yes, and he was like,

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Speaker 1: this made me so upset, and he was like heartbroken

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Speaker 1: that I would answer it so bad. He was like,

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Speaker 1: this made me really sad. And I'm like, wow, I've

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Speaker 1: broken my teacher. I answered a question so bad.

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Speaker 2: I'm a biology person, leave me alone.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. I don't even know what I was at that point.

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Speaker 1: I was a World of Warcraft person who wasn't studying. No,

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Speaker 1: I was very studious. I just sometimes would get very

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Speaker 1: much in my own head, like during a test, like

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Speaker 1: overthinking it to the point of writing a small paragraph

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Speaker 1: that made no sense. Anyways, I traumatized my physics teachers

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Speaker 1: the point, so you have some you have some human

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Speaker 1: innovations of your own that you wanted to draw attention to.

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Speaker 2: I do and Luckily, my first one ties in so

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Speaker 2: perfectly to the one that you were just fantastic because

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Speaker 2: you were talking about, you know, using animal adaptations for

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Speaker 2: increased fluid dynamics, right like better in the case of

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Speaker 2: shark skin, this is hydrodynamic, mineus aerodynamic.

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Speaker 1: Nice.

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Speaker 2: So to kind of set the scene a little bit,

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Speaker 2: it's Japan, it's the nineteen nineties.

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Speaker 1: I'm already sold.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, Evangelian is huge, city pop playing in the background.

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Speaker 1: I have a very limited understanding of Japanese culture in

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Speaker 1: the nineties outside of anime.

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Speaker 2: That's all I got. I'm so sorry, Like.

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Speaker 1: I am a rube, I'm not city pop is playing.

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Speaker 2: It's a vibe. Now. The original Shinkansen bullet tree had

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Speaker 2: a problem. They were way, way, way too loud. So

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Speaker 2: these bullet trains had this kind of like blunt, rounded nose,

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Speaker 2: and when the bullet train would go through a tunnel,

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Speaker 2: which these tunnels were often like around neighborhoods and offices

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Speaker 2: and places where people are going to be. So when

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Speaker 2: this train with the rounded nose would go through a tunnel,

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Speaker 2: they would make a booming sound every single time. It

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Speaker 2: would be like a sonic boom that would like wake people.

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Speaker 1: Up at night. That sounds bad. I love train it's

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Speaker 1: not ideal. Yeah, that would make me turn against trains.

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Speaker 2: Like I have lived with a train with train tracks

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Speaker 2: literally in our backyard, Like yeah, we have that train

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Speaker 2: would go by.

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Speaker 1: We have a tram that runs like right outside, and

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Speaker 1: it's fine because it's.

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Speaker 2: Oh, we had a slight train like great trains going

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Speaker 2: through a backyard, where like when the trains would go by,

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Speaker 2: our dishes would shake in the cabinets and you kind

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Speaker 2: of get used to it after a while. But this

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Speaker 2: was like this was a legitimate, like sonic boom that

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Speaker 2: was happening every single time of training.

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Speaker 1: It's like that's a form of torture to like wake

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Speaker 1: people up with loud noises.

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Speaker 2: Maybe it was intentional. I don't know. Maybe there was

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Speaker 2: some sort of CIA. I don't know.

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Speaker 1: Thomas the tank engine gone CIA.

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Speaker 2: He's an agent of the state. So this engineer named

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Speaker 2: ag Nakatsu had to figure out how to make them

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Speaker 2: quieter because this was a menace. Ag Nakatsu was also

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Speaker 2: a bird watcher. He spent a lot of time out.

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Speaker 1: Watching watch birds. Am I right? What?

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Speaker 2: Oh my god? I could never would be so embarrassing

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Speaker 2: I'd never do that my binoculars in the background.

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Speaker 1: I'd never get excited about gray tits.

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Speaker 2: I've never done that. I've never taken pictures from five

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Speaker 2: hundred feet away of a grebe that I wanted to

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Speaker 2: identify later. So being a birdwatcher, he knew about kingfish, which,

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Speaker 2: if you're not totally familiar with what a kingfisher is,

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Speaker 2: it's kind of a stout shaped bird with a really

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Speaker 2: really long, really really pointy beak. A kuka burra is

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Speaker 2: a type of kingfisher. So he was familiar with kingfishers

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Speaker 2: with this really long, really pointy beak. Now, the important

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Speaker 2: thing is that kingfishers often dive into the water because

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Speaker 2: they eat fish. And when they dive into water, they

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Speaker 2: do it at really really high speeds, but they don't splash,

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Speaker 2: like they just kind of seamlessly like dive into the

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Speaker 2: water totally like.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, it is beautiful, it is gorgeous.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, like these these guys are they have the game cornered.

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Speaker 2: It is beautiful. So the reason they're able to do

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Speaker 2: this is because their long, pointy, tapered beaks are pushing

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Speaker 2: the water to the side rather than in front, so

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Speaker 2: it's making the water go around their head and behind them,

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Speaker 2: rather than like bunching all of it up in the

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Speaker 2: front and making it splash to the sides. So Nakatsu

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Speaker 2: and his team gathered a bunch of data on Kingfisher beaks, right,

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Speaker 2: they did like you know, high speed videos and observations,

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Speaker 2: and they measured the curvature of the beak and the

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Speaker 2: length and the proportions and everything like that. Used all

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Speaker 2: of that, use what they learned from Kingfisher beaks and

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Speaker 2: tested out simulations of different shapes of trains and settled

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Speaker 2: on this long tapered It wasn't completely pointy in the front,

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Speaker 2: but it was much less rounded than it had been originally.

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Speaker 2: And so in nineteen ninety seven, the West Japan Railway

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Speaker 2: Company introduces the five hundred series, which has a long

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Speaker 2: pointed nose that mimics the beak of a Kingfisher. And

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Speaker 2: not only were the tunnel booms eliminated, so problem solved,

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Speaker 2: mission accomplished. We did it, boys, uh. But the trains

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Speaker 2: were also so aerodynamic that they ran faster and consumed

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Speaker 2: less electricity, so they worked better they did before, and

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Speaker 2: they were cheaper to run, so all around, total win.

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Speaker 1: I'm looking at these trains and they're pointy. I like it.

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Speaker 2: It's a pretty train.

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00:22:12,400 --> 00:22:17,000
Speaker 1: One. This is beautiful. I love these trains. It's so cool.

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Speaker 2: Girly pop train girl.

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Speaker 1: It's like she is man, she is ready, she is

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Speaker 1: slaying sleigh train. That's fantastic.

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Speaker 2: This maybe a kawai train.

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Speaker 1: I certainly, yes, it's a Oh there's a Hello kitty train.

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Speaker 1: Oh my god, man, that's very cool that. This is

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Speaker 1: so cool though, because I love it when it's like

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Speaker 1: there's an animal that looks because you look at a

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Speaker 1: kingfisher and it's they're adorable. Number one.

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Speaker 2: They're also think of gorgeous.

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Speaker 1: They are beautiful, right, especially like there's different kinds of species,

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Speaker 1: Like you mentioned, some are more color than others, but

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Speaker 1: there's ones that are like bright blue and orange, and

401
00:23:03,080 --> 00:23:05,040
Speaker 1: like even their beaks are quite pretty. They can be

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Speaker 1: sort of purply orange and they but the funny thing

403
00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:14,080
Speaker 1: about them is like they have proportional with their body.

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Speaker 1: Their beak is huge and their head.

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Speaker 2: And their head is so big.

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Speaker 1: It's big, so they look like kind of like a bobblehead.

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Speaker 1: And their tail is really short and stumpy, and so

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Speaker 1: they're not really built to be great flyers, like they're

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Speaker 1: fine at flying, but it's really the the diving is

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Speaker 1: where they shine because otherwise they kind of they have

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Speaker 1: a funny looking little body with a little stumptail. And

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Speaker 1: so it is interesting because it's like we look at

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Speaker 1: things like penguins and it's like, man, why would penguins,

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Speaker 1: you know, rid themselves of the ability to fly? That

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00:23:50,080 --> 00:23:52,399
Speaker 1: flying seems really cool and really great, But then you

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00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:57,359
Speaker 1: look at them underwater and they're beautiful swimmers, just elegant, amazing.

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Speaker 1: Same things with puffins, which actually puffins can fly, but

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Speaker 1: they you know, when you look at them underwater, they're

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Speaker 1: incredibly graceful. And these birds that look kind of like

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Speaker 1: they tend to be very cute as well, like puffins

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00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:16,320
Speaker 1: Kingfisher's penguins. Somehow being more hydro dynamic makes makes you cute.

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Speaker 2: And oh, I didn't mention like why the trains were

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Speaker 2: booming when they were going through the tunnel, because apparently

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00:24:24,600 --> 00:24:27,439
Speaker 2: there's like this is once again getting into like the

425
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Speaker 2: physics of it, but when the train it's specifically when

426
00:24:30,880 --> 00:24:33,760
Speaker 2: the train is going through a tunnel at high speeds,

427
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Speaker 2: because the boom had not been an issue when trains

428
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Speaker 2: were slower, but when the trains are going really fast

429
00:24:40,280 --> 00:24:43,960
Speaker 2: through an enclosed tunnel, basically all of the air that

430
00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:46,959
Speaker 2: the train is pushing up against bunches up at the

431
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Speaker 2: nose of the train and just kind of doesn't have

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Speaker 2: enough space around the train to escape, Yeah, because of

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Speaker 2: the tunnel.

434
00:24:53,119 --> 00:24:53,840
Speaker 1: Yeah.

435
00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:55,960
Speaker 2: Yeah, So it's bunching up all of the air and

436
00:24:55,960 --> 00:24:59,000
Speaker 2: creating this like air cushion up in front of the train,

437
00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:01,520
Speaker 2: so that when all that air gets pushed out of

438
00:25:01,560 --> 00:25:03,919
Speaker 2: the mouth of the tunnel, it just explodes.

439
00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:06,119
Speaker 1: Yeah. It's like it's like you have a like you

440
00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:08,159
Speaker 1: fill a plastic bag with air and then you slap

441
00:25:08,240 --> 00:25:11,159
Speaker 1: it and it pops. It makes a big popping sound,

442
00:25:11,560 --> 00:25:13,640
Speaker 1: but you're doing that with like a train in a tunnel.

443
00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:17,880
Speaker 2: Yeah. So when trains were slower, didn't really have that problem,

444
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:20,000
Speaker 2: right because you just like it just goes out there,

445
00:25:20,160 --> 00:25:21,920
Speaker 2: you know, it's it's not going that fast.

446
00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:24,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, Like, I mean, I think there's a there's a

447
00:25:24,560 --> 00:25:29,320
Speaker 1: similar reason, although obviously without the tunnel aspect for sonic

448
00:25:29,359 --> 00:25:33,960
Speaker 1: booms for planes, right, Like it's like for super fast planes,

449
00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:39,960
Speaker 1: it's just like it is pushing the air, you know,

450
00:25:40,040 --> 00:25:42,959
Speaker 1: creating that sort of bunching effect. Even though it's like

451
00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:46,600
Speaker 1: it's just going so so fast that it creates that

452
00:25:46,680 --> 00:25:50,240
Speaker 1: kind of like impact of like breaking through this like

453
00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:51,600
Speaker 1: cone of air.

454
00:25:52,720 --> 00:25:55,560
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean you look at like jets, you know, like, oh,

455
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:58,000
Speaker 2: look at fighter jets, and they have the exact same

456
00:25:58,119 --> 00:26:02,080
Speaker 2: like shape of the nose as kingfisher beaks, right, Like

457
00:26:02,119 --> 00:26:04,680
Speaker 2: it's it's nearly exactly the same. You can definitely see

458
00:26:04,680 --> 00:26:06,399
Speaker 2: like a lot. And also you know, you look at

459
00:26:06,440 --> 00:26:09,840
Speaker 2: a fighter jet. I was just at the Boeing Museum

460
00:26:09,840 --> 00:26:13,120
Speaker 2: of Flight. The Museum of Flight is in like Taquila,

461
00:26:13,200 --> 00:26:14,879
Speaker 2: really cool, close to where I live, and I have

462
00:26:14,920 --> 00:26:16,679
Speaker 2: a three year old, so we've gone to the Museum

463
00:26:16,680 --> 00:26:20,560
Speaker 2: of Flight like fifty times. And the jets are weirdly

464
00:26:20,680 --> 00:26:23,080
Speaker 2: shaped almost exactly like a Kingfisher, not just in the

465
00:26:23,119 --> 00:26:26,520
Speaker 2: pointy knows, but the fact that like the wings are

466
00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:30,359
Speaker 2: not super long, the tail is pretty short, like the

467
00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:32,760
Speaker 2: things that you were saying about, Like, yeah, the stumpy

468
00:26:32,800 --> 00:26:35,359
Speaker 2: tail right kind of like in a lot of different

469
00:26:35,359 --> 00:26:37,680
Speaker 2: ways reminds me of the Kingfisher's.

470
00:26:36,960 --> 00:26:41,520
Speaker 1: So cool, it is, really it's it's neat because the

471
00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:46,720
Speaker 1: physics that guide animal evolution is also something that we

472
00:26:46,840 --> 00:26:49,840
Speaker 1: have to pay attention to, and so all these things

473
00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:53,080
Speaker 1: that we develop are going to converge in terms of

474
00:26:53,240 --> 00:26:58,280
Speaker 1: natural shapes, either animals, plants, you know, water droplets, whatever.

475
00:26:58,400 --> 00:27:02,159
Speaker 1: Like we we can't even though we are inventors and

476
00:27:02,200 --> 00:27:04,800
Speaker 1: we can kind of do things like we at the end,

477
00:27:05,080 --> 00:27:08,879
Speaker 1: everything on our planet and in the universe has to

478
00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:12,080
Speaker 1: obey physics, and so we're gonna keep running into these

479
00:27:12,119 --> 00:27:15,280
Speaker 1: parallel structures, which is very cool. And I love that

480
00:27:15,359 --> 00:27:19,040
Speaker 1: there's these King Fisher trains that are sometimes pink and purple.

481
00:27:21,160 --> 00:27:23,160
Speaker 1: The cutter the better, the cuter the better. I think

482
00:27:23,200 --> 00:27:26,320
Speaker 1: that that cuteness may also have some kind of like

483
00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:29,600
Speaker 1: aerodynamic thing. I haven't proven it yet, but I'm going

484
00:27:29,680 --> 00:27:30,240
Speaker 1: to say.

485
00:27:30,560 --> 00:27:33,560
Speaker 2: Health design will always bend towards cuteness.

486
00:27:33,600 --> 00:27:35,800
Speaker 1: I feel like Hello Kitty will just like make the

487
00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:38,320
Speaker 1: air around the train and go like, oh okay, like

488
00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:41,840
Speaker 1: and reduce wind resistance, because who can resist Hello Kitty.

489
00:27:42,040 --> 00:27:44,840
Speaker 2: The air simply steps around like right this way, yeah, right.

490
00:27:44,760 --> 00:27:47,880
Speaker 1: This way, ma'am, Miss miss Hello. I guess is her.

491
00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:49,480
Speaker 2: Name, miss miss Kitty?

492
00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:52,720
Speaker 1: Miss Kitty? Okay, I thought her first name's not Hello.

493
00:27:53,760 --> 00:27:55,359
Speaker 2: Please call me hello Miss Kitty?

494
00:27:55,440 --> 00:27:57,600
Speaker 1: Was my mother? Sorry, Miss Kitty? Yes, Miss Kitty is

495
00:27:57,640 --> 00:28:00,640
Speaker 1: my mother's name. All right, well, where take a quick

496
00:28:00,680 --> 00:28:02,960
Speaker 1: break and wait. When we get back, we are going

497
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:08,040
Speaker 1: to discuss more inventions inspired or one might say, stolen

498
00:28:08,119 --> 00:28:15,600
Speaker 1: from animals. Okay, so let's talk about gecko feet, right,

499
00:28:16,480 --> 00:28:17,919
Speaker 1: they're weird. Huh.

500
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:20,440
Speaker 2: Always I'm always game to talk about gecko feet.

501
00:28:20,480 --> 00:28:24,720
Speaker 1: Gecko feet? Have you ever interacted with a gecko?

502
00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:29,520
Speaker 2: Boy? Have I? I have had?

503
00:28:29,680 --> 00:28:29,760
Speaker 1: No?

504
00:28:29,880 --> 00:28:33,160
Speaker 2: Okay, so I've had pet leopard geckos. But leopard geckos

505
00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:35,879
Speaker 2: kind of don't count for what we're talking about because

506
00:28:35,880 --> 00:28:40,160
Speaker 2: they're actually like ground. They don't climb or stick on things. Yeah,

507
00:28:40,200 --> 00:28:42,120
Speaker 2: the leopard geckos stay on the ground, so not important.

508
00:28:42,160 --> 00:28:42,920
Speaker 2: We'll forget about them.

509
00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:45,800
Speaker 1: No, cute, don't forget about it.

510
00:28:45,760 --> 00:28:46,360
Speaker 2: I'm cute.

511
00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:49,560
Speaker 1: There's stubby little tails. Their cute little face is so good.

512
00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:50,960
Speaker 1: They're so good.

513
00:28:52,280 --> 00:28:54,560
Speaker 2: But I did spend a couple of years working at

514
00:28:54,600 --> 00:28:56,800
Speaker 2: a pet store, and the pet store i worked at

515
00:28:56,800 --> 00:29:02,440
Speaker 2: sold crested geckos, which are the little the ones that

516
00:29:02,520 --> 00:29:04,600
Speaker 2: like it's like those sticky hands that you get at

517
00:29:04,640 --> 00:29:07,560
Speaker 2: the store, like you can just like smack them on

518
00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:10,360
Speaker 2: and they love just jump out on sides of stuff.

519
00:29:10,720 --> 00:29:14,240
Speaker 2: Oh my god, those things scared me so bad because

520
00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:16,480
Speaker 2: I was always so scared to clean their cage because

521
00:29:16,480 --> 00:29:18,440
Speaker 2: I knew they were going to jump on and jump.

522
00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:21,400
Speaker 1: I had one, so like I had one in college

523
00:29:22,960 --> 00:29:25,680
Speaker 1: because we had you are not really technically allowed to

524
00:29:25,720 --> 00:29:27,640
Speaker 1: have pets, and says like, all right, how do I

525
00:29:27,640 --> 00:29:30,040
Speaker 1: smuggle an animal into my room? Because I love them?

526
00:29:30,640 --> 00:29:35,160
Speaker 1: And so I got a crust of gecko. I look,

527
00:29:35,400 --> 00:29:39,800
Speaker 1: I feel like I was not well equipped as a

528
00:29:39,840 --> 00:29:42,360
Speaker 1: college student who has already sleep deprived to give this

529
00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:46,600
Speaker 1: leopard gecko its best life. But I tried. I would

530
00:29:46,640 --> 00:29:51,719
Speaker 1: like feed it because like I would feed it baby

531
00:29:51,760 --> 00:29:58,160
Speaker 1: food mixed with cricket powder, which was nutritionally sufficient. But

532
00:29:58,400 --> 00:30:02,320
Speaker 1: I fear that this poor get go was probably very bored,

533
00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:05,960
Speaker 1: and so like I would take it out quite a

534
00:30:06,040 --> 00:30:08,720
Speaker 1: bit and let it just jump around and then freak

535
00:30:08,760 --> 00:30:10,720
Speaker 1: out when I couldn't find it because it's like, oh God,

536
00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:13,320
Speaker 1: I'm gonna step on it. But then I'd always find it.

537
00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:17,960
Speaker 1: And it had these amazing feet that like when you

538
00:30:18,000 --> 00:30:21,240
Speaker 1: look at them, they're kind of flat and splayed out

539
00:30:21,800 --> 00:30:25,800
Speaker 1: and almost leaflike each toe and each toe would have

540
00:30:25,840 --> 00:30:30,120
Speaker 1: all these ridges and they're so sticky, velvety, very velvety.

541
00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:34,880
Speaker 1: It's very soft, and they are They stick to walls,

542
00:30:34,880 --> 00:30:37,360
Speaker 1: they stick to my shirt, my skin, and yet there's

543
00:30:37,400 --> 00:30:40,440
Speaker 1: no residue left behind. They're not slimy, they're not gooey.

544
00:30:40,520 --> 00:30:44,120
Speaker 1: There's no like glue like secretion that's coming out of

545
00:30:44,160 --> 00:30:46,240
Speaker 1: these guys. So it's like it's still this it's like

546
00:30:46,280 --> 00:30:51,080
Speaker 1: this weird sticky feeling, and yet when unless it poops

547
00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:54,800
Speaker 1: on me, there's no residue left behind, And so what

548
00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:59,560
Speaker 1: is what's going on with those feet? So it's really incredible,

549
00:30:59,640 --> 00:31:02,280
Speaker 1: and it involves physics that it's a little above my

550
00:31:02,400 --> 00:31:05,920
Speaker 1: pay grade, but I'll do my best. So they are

551
00:31:05,960 --> 00:31:08,800
Speaker 1: not covered in slime, but they have a bunch of

552
00:31:08,840 --> 00:31:13,240
Speaker 1: these tiny ridges, and each ridge is covered in hundreds

553
00:31:13,240 --> 00:31:18,880
Speaker 1: of thousands of microscopic hairs. And these microscopic hairs use

554
00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:26,640
Speaker 1: something called weak Vanderval's force that helps them adhere to surfaces,

555
00:31:26,840 --> 00:31:30,600
Speaker 1: which you know Vander's valls you climb up zim so

556
00:31:30,920 --> 00:31:34,000
Speaker 1: the Vandervo force. I think I use that joke the

557
00:31:34,040 --> 00:31:36,280
Speaker 1: last time I talked about these geckos, but you know.

558
00:31:36,720 --> 00:31:37,600
Speaker 2: Well I wasn't here.

559
00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:40,840
Speaker 1: So we're making recycling. Recycling is good for the planet,

560
00:31:41,040 --> 00:31:45,400
Speaker 1: so recycling jokes must also be good. So the Vanderwald's

561
00:31:45,440 --> 00:31:48,200
Speaker 1: force is a weak electrostatic force that occurs when two

562
00:31:48,280 --> 00:31:52,760
Speaker 1: molecules are really close to each other, but not too close,

563
00:31:52,920 --> 00:31:55,160
Speaker 1: so it's like this, there's this like if they're too far,

564
00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:57,320
Speaker 1: you don't have the force at all. If you're too close,

565
00:31:57,920 --> 00:32:00,880
Speaker 1: you actually it's like a slight repair helling force, kind

566
00:32:00,880 --> 00:32:03,240
Speaker 1: of like when you hold two magnets together with the

567
00:32:03,280 --> 00:32:05,880
Speaker 1: same polarity, they kind of repel each other. But if

568
00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:09,560
Speaker 1: you're at this sort of Goldilock zone, there's a slight

569
00:32:09,840 --> 00:32:14,040
Speaker 1: weak attraction between these molecules and it has something to

570
00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:20,000
Speaker 1: do with electron density, and there sort of ends my

571
00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:24,640
Speaker 1: ability to comprehend where it's like there is like you know,

572
00:32:24,800 --> 00:32:29,560
Speaker 1: but the general idea of like electrons or molecules and

573
00:32:29,640 --> 00:32:33,160
Speaker 1: electrons is that they're usually trying to find some kind

574
00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:37,040
Speaker 1: of balance of like the number of electrons, and so

575
00:32:37,080 --> 00:32:40,280
Speaker 1: if you have sort of a lopsided electron density, you

576
00:32:40,360 --> 00:32:43,360
Speaker 1: might have a slight attraction to another molecule because they

577
00:32:43,400 --> 00:32:45,840
Speaker 1: have like electrons that are like, oh, I can sort

578
00:32:45,840 --> 00:32:48,600
Speaker 1: of fill in this space that's less dense, or it

579
00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:51,520
Speaker 1: could repel it, right, like if it's like dense, and

580
00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:54,680
Speaker 1: then it like kind of pushes against the other and.

581
00:32:54,600 --> 00:32:56,720
Speaker 2: It may help people to know that. Like the electrons

582
00:32:57,280 --> 00:33:01,440
Speaker 2: themselves have like a negative electric chart, yes, and the

583
00:33:01,480 --> 00:33:04,200
Speaker 2: protons and the nucleus of the atom have a positive

584
00:33:04,240 --> 00:33:07,400
Speaker 2: electric charge. That's like you can get like just like

585
00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:09,479
Speaker 2: how magnets have like a north and south pole, right,

586
00:33:09,560 --> 00:33:14,800
Speaker 2: Like the positive and negative positively charged areas attract negatively

587
00:33:14,920 --> 00:33:18,040
Speaker 2: charged areas, but if the negatively charged areas are too

588
00:33:18,080 --> 00:33:19,120
Speaker 2: close together, then they be like.

589
00:33:19,160 --> 00:33:22,120
Speaker 1: No no, no, no, no no no exactly exactly so, but

590
00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:25,240
Speaker 1: it's so strange because it's like it's happening on this

591
00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:29,120
Speaker 1: extremely tiny scale, and then it's also like you know,

592
00:33:29,200 --> 00:33:32,720
Speaker 1: on the atomic scale. And then it's it's something that

593
00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:36,600
Speaker 1: the it's not just like a force that is consistent.

594
00:33:36,760 --> 00:33:39,200
Speaker 1: It depends on the position of molecules. Like if they're

595
00:33:39,240 --> 00:33:41,920
Speaker 1: too close, they are somewhat repellent, but then if they're

596
00:33:42,240 --> 00:33:47,040
Speaker 1: like just close enough, there's a slight attraction. Physics is wacky.

597
00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:49,680
Speaker 2: There's a I want to say that, like the don't

598
00:33:49,680 --> 00:33:53,280
Speaker 2: the ridges in it like give it a higher surface area,

599
00:33:53,400 --> 00:33:55,680
Speaker 2: so there's like more attract.

600
00:33:55,280 --> 00:34:00,440
Speaker 1: Too, exactly, yes, and so when you they also each

601
00:34:00,880 --> 00:34:04,520
Speaker 1: hair ends not just like that's the end of the hair,

602
00:34:04,520 --> 00:34:07,000
Speaker 1: but it actually ends in sort of like a bristles

603
00:34:07,080 --> 00:34:12,640
Speaker 1: or like a dandelion puff of things called so the

604
00:34:12,880 --> 00:34:16,400
Speaker 1: hairs themselves are called cite, and then on top of

605
00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:21,640
Speaker 1: the hairs, the like bristles are called spatula. And so

606
00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:25,160
Speaker 1: because there's millions of these hairs, and then on each

607
00:34:25,200 --> 00:34:29,440
Speaker 1: hair there's like hundreds of these spitula, there's hundreds of

608
00:34:29,440 --> 00:34:35,759
Speaker 1: millions of like points of connection to the surface. And

609
00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:39,080
Speaker 1: so even though the van Dervald's force is super super weak,

610
00:34:40,080 --> 00:34:43,560
Speaker 1: when you have a ton of it, right, like a

611
00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:46,760
Speaker 1: ton of hairs and a ton of connections, it's strong

612
00:34:46,880 --> 00:34:50,080
Speaker 1: enough to hold up the little body of a gecko.

613
00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:53,680
Speaker 1: Maybe not a human body, right, we've never invented gecko

614
00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:57,120
Speaker 1: shoes that work. But like, if you're light enough and

615
00:34:57,200 --> 00:35:01,280
Speaker 1: you have enough of these these hairs, these connection points

616
00:35:01,400 --> 00:35:04,399
Speaker 1: that are tiny enough that they can get close enough,

617
00:35:04,440 --> 00:35:06,640
Speaker 1: like they have to be tiny, right, so that they

618
00:35:06,680 --> 00:35:09,760
Speaker 1: can actually get close enough to the molecules on the surface.

619
00:35:10,520 --> 00:35:13,080
Speaker 1: And so like you have all of these teeny tiny

620
00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:17,000
Speaker 1: you know, nano like points of contact that each one

621
00:35:17,120 --> 00:35:20,279
Speaker 1: is like very weakly attracted to the surface. But then

622
00:35:20,320 --> 00:35:23,640
Speaker 1: you add it up times hundreds of millions and then

623
00:35:23,680 --> 00:35:25,920
Speaker 1: you get like an actual force that you can observe.

624
00:35:26,320 --> 00:35:28,960
Speaker 1: You actually can observe this even if you don't have

625
00:35:29,120 --> 00:35:32,600
Speaker 1: a gecko in your life. When you're using microfiber cloths

626
00:35:32,719 --> 00:35:36,400
Speaker 1: to clean your glasses, or you know, to dust or

627
00:35:36,440 --> 00:35:38,640
Speaker 1: something like, you have a sort of dust that has

628
00:35:38,680 --> 00:35:41,720
Speaker 1: like a little bit of you know, microfiber or something,

629
00:35:41,719 --> 00:35:43,839
Speaker 1: and it like like it attracts dust to it just

630
00:35:43,840 --> 00:35:50,480
Speaker 1: like slightly, and that also uses Vandrvald's forces. So you know,

631
00:35:51,320 --> 00:35:57,160
Speaker 1: this is very cool, and obviously we need to exploit

632
00:35:57,200 --> 00:36:00,800
Speaker 1: it for our own human needs for tape that doesn't

633
00:36:00,880 --> 00:36:04,240
Speaker 1: leave residue, because that is like the number one issue

634
00:36:04,239 --> 00:36:06,920
Speaker 1: facing humanity is tape that leaves too much residue.

635
00:36:07,520 --> 00:36:10,600
Speaker 2: So we need everybody we've got on this.

636
00:36:10,680 --> 00:36:14,360
Speaker 1: Every like every mind. Take them away from cancer research

637
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:17,600
Speaker 1: and get get you on some tape that doesn't leave

638
00:36:17,640 --> 00:36:19,319
Speaker 1: that gross residue on walls.

639
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:23,040
Speaker 2: Do you think that there's like a lobby against this

640
00:36:23,160 --> 00:36:27,600
Speaker 2: product by big Googon Do you think big like bring

641
00:36:27,680 --> 00:36:31,480
Speaker 2: them down many googon.

642
00:36:31,320 --> 00:36:34,560
Speaker 1: Googn's pockets run deep as all I'm gonna say but

643
00:36:35,440 --> 00:36:40,480
Speaker 1: follow the money, follow the so yeah, it's researchers looked

644
00:36:40,520 --> 00:36:46,520
Speaker 1: into how to recreate this, and they used carbon nanotubes,

645
00:36:46,600 --> 00:36:49,640
Speaker 1: which are like very very very teeny tiny structures that

646
00:36:49,680 --> 00:36:55,080
Speaker 1: you can use with carbon molecules, and uh, you can

647
00:36:55,400 --> 00:37:01,120
Speaker 1: create these like uh, you know, like electron microscope structures essentially,

648
00:37:01,719 --> 00:37:06,000
Speaker 1: and they created kind of like similar to like the

649
00:37:06,080 --> 00:37:09,440
Speaker 1: gecko feet where it's like not just like a uniform

650
00:37:09,640 --> 00:37:14,799
Speaker 1: surface of the carbon nanotubes, but like sort of like

651
00:37:14,880 --> 00:37:19,680
Speaker 1: these this like you know, micro pattern of these things

652
00:37:19,719 --> 00:37:22,680
Speaker 1: making points of contact, and that allowed them to create

653
00:37:22,719 --> 00:37:26,720
Speaker 1: a tape that's like super sticky using these Vandrvold's forces,

654
00:37:26,719 --> 00:37:30,320
Speaker 1: but doesn't actually have like a residue, and it's called

655
00:37:30,440 --> 00:37:32,560
Speaker 1: nanotape and you can actually buy it. It's like been

656
00:37:32,640 --> 00:37:34,600
Speaker 1: out for I don't know, around a decade.

657
00:37:35,880 --> 00:37:40,920
Speaker 2: I have definitely seen people like on TikTok or something

658
00:37:40,960 --> 00:37:44,560
Speaker 2: talking about like hanging up posters with nano tape. It's

659
00:37:44,560 --> 00:37:47,200
Speaker 2: like it's supposed to be a very renter friendly basically

660
00:37:47,239 --> 00:37:49,640
Speaker 2: because it doesn't pull up the tape, it doesn't leave

661
00:37:49,680 --> 00:37:51,480
Speaker 2: a hole behind in the wall. It just it's like

662
00:37:51,480 --> 00:37:54,920
Speaker 2: it never happens. But the drawback is that it's really

663
00:37:54,960 --> 00:37:55,560
Speaker 2: really weak.

664
00:37:55,719 --> 00:37:58,919
Speaker 1: It's carry we don't hang a shell a little bit. Yeah,

665
00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:02,200
Speaker 1: you can't hang a shell with it. You can hang posters,

666
00:38:02,760 --> 00:38:08,319
Speaker 1: maybe a super lightweight picture frame with a bunch of

667
00:38:08,360 --> 00:38:13,120
Speaker 1: the tape. But yeah, it's very weak. But that's because

668
00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:17,400
Speaker 1: Vanderval's forces are weak. But you could probably like tape

669
00:38:17,400 --> 00:38:20,440
Speaker 1: a gecko to your wall with this nano tape, just

670
00:38:20,440 --> 00:38:23,360
Speaker 1: the one gecko, just one gecko. Like if you put

671
00:38:23,400 --> 00:38:26,920
Speaker 1: it on a gecko's back, now the gecko can be

672
00:38:27,040 --> 00:38:28,240
Speaker 1: sticky on both sides.

673
00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:31,680
Speaker 2: Then you drop the gecko and you see which side

674
00:38:31,719 --> 00:38:34,520
Speaker 2: it lands on. And like the cat with a buttered

675
00:38:34,520 --> 00:38:35,719
Speaker 2: toast on its back.

676
00:38:35,640 --> 00:38:39,480
Speaker 1: Don't actually put nanotape on gecko. Be nice to gecko.

677
00:38:41,840 --> 00:38:44,560
Speaker 1: Probably be a better owner to gecko than I was

678
00:38:44,760 --> 00:38:47,920
Speaker 1: in college. Like it wasn't mean to the gecko. I

679
00:38:48,080 --> 00:38:51,360
Speaker 1: just feel like it did not get enough stimulation mentally,

680
00:38:51,560 --> 00:38:52,600
Speaker 1: This poor little gecko.

681
00:38:53,600 --> 00:38:57,160
Speaker 2: The only thing I remember about the crested geckos that

682
00:38:57,200 --> 00:38:58,799
Speaker 2: I took care of in our store. First of all,

683
00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:03,680
Speaker 2: so soft, their whole body, velvety, so soft. You don't

684
00:39:03,680 --> 00:39:06,640
Speaker 2: think of reptiles as being soft, but they're legitimately very soft.

685
00:39:06,680 --> 00:39:10,120
Speaker 2: And pleasant to touch. And also their food which is

686
00:39:10,160 --> 00:39:13,040
Speaker 2: like a powdered food that you'd like mix with like moisture,

687
00:39:13,280 --> 00:39:14,680
Speaker 2: smelled amazing.

688
00:39:15,640 --> 00:39:18,360
Speaker 1: Mingo, Yeah, no, I mixed it. I would mix so

689
00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:20,520
Speaker 1: it was like this powder is like maybe it wasn't

690
00:39:20,560 --> 00:39:22,880
Speaker 1: powdered crickets, but some kind of protein powder mixed with

691
00:39:22,920 --> 00:39:23,520
Speaker 1: baby food.

692
00:39:24,560 --> 00:39:28,279
Speaker 2: I was always so so so tempted to just just

693
00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:29,840
Speaker 2: take a little, just a little.

694
00:39:29,560 --> 00:39:32,319
Speaker 1: Taste to like vitamins. It tasted like kids vitamins.

695
00:39:32,719 --> 00:39:35,279
Speaker 2: It was, you know, so it just makes me want

696
00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:36,640
Speaker 2: it more. I love kidamins.

697
00:39:36,840 --> 00:39:38,839
Speaker 1: I just feel like I should have made like a

698
00:39:38,880 --> 00:39:42,320
Speaker 1: tiny baby Bjorn and taken this gecko out and about

699
00:39:42,360 --> 00:39:45,400
Speaker 1: with me just because like I just feel like this

700
00:39:45,520 --> 00:39:48,040
Speaker 1: geka must have been bored because I would try to

701
00:39:48,080 --> 00:39:51,680
Speaker 1: play with it. But you know, other than it just

702
00:39:51,760 --> 00:39:54,399
Speaker 1: launching itself across the room, like what else is there?

703
00:39:54,480 --> 00:39:57,160
Speaker 1: Like it's like, great, the same futan over and over again.

704
00:39:57,760 --> 00:40:01,960
Speaker 2: So I don't know, and so nice hear geckos. Don't

705
00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:03,160
Speaker 2: drop them or put tape.

706
00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:06,200
Speaker 1: On them exactly, don't, I mean, but let them jump around,

707
00:40:06,400 --> 00:40:09,359
Speaker 1: give them, give them fun stuff, build like.

708
00:40:09,320 --> 00:40:11,120
Speaker 2: It, take them to a trampoline park.

709
00:40:11,360 --> 00:40:15,640
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, uh yeah, I'm gonna say, if it's like

710
00:40:15,840 --> 00:40:18,839
Speaker 1: crusted gecko day at the trampoline park where it's only

711
00:40:18,880 --> 00:40:21,200
Speaker 1: crusted geckos play.

712
00:40:21,200 --> 00:40:23,640
Speaker 2: Or indoor skydiving. Man, if you've took they can jump

713
00:40:23,640 --> 00:40:25,320
Speaker 2: around as much as they want.

714
00:40:25,600 --> 00:40:27,960
Speaker 1: If you took a crusted gecko to chuck e cheese,

715
00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:30,480
Speaker 1: you'd never find that thing again.

716
00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:31,279
Speaker 2: That's gone.

717
00:40:31,360 --> 00:40:34,120
Speaker 1: It's gone, it's gone. So Elle, you got you got

718
00:40:34,120 --> 00:40:36,000
Speaker 1: something for me, You got some kind of invention for

719
00:40:36,080 --> 00:40:36,800
Speaker 1: me to hear about.

720
00:40:37,719 --> 00:40:43,279
Speaker 2: I do I have a second invention. So have you

721
00:40:43,360 --> 00:40:47,040
Speaker 2: ever heard of a little fish called the yellow boxes?

722
00:40:47,280 --> 00:40:48,440
Speaker 1: Shoot? Love it.

723
00:40:49,480 --> 00:40:50,680
Speaker 2: They're so cute.

724
00:40:50,800 --> 00:40:53,640
Speaker 1: They're cute and they move so funny. It's like they

725
00:40:53,800 --> 00:40:57,759
Speaker 1: because they got the teeny little itty bitty fins, but

726
00:40:57,840 --> 00:41:00,239
Speaker 1: they beat them real hard, like so kind of like,

727
00:41:00,560 --> 00:41:03,319
Speaker 1: I mean, not the same as hummingbirds because it works

728
00:41:03,400 --> 00:41:06,000
Speaker 1: kind of different underwater, but it's a similar effect where

729
00:41:06,000 --> 00:41:08,200
Speaker 1: they just kind of like boop boop boop move around.

730
00:41:09,239 --> 00:41:12,760
Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, So anybody who's not familiar with the yellow

731
00:41:12,760 --> 00:41:15,800
Speaker 2: box fish will be astonished to learn that it is

732
00:41:15,920 --> 00:41:19,240
Speaker 2: named for the distinct square shape of it's a body.

733
00:41:19,400 --> 00:41:22,880
Speaker 2: And could you do fair boxy which is kind of

734
00:41:22,920 --> 00:41:24,239
Speaker 2: like you have to kind of be looking at them

735
00:41:24,280 --> 00:41:27,080
Speaker 2: from like dead on to see like the box shape,

736
00:41:27,080 --> 00:41:29,080
Speaker 2: because from the side they kind of look like a

737
00:41:29,200 --> 00:41:32,480
Speaker 2: maybe just a chunky fish. But what's really kind of surprising,

738
00:41:32,560 --> 00:41:35,000
Speaker 2: like you said, is that despite their very sort of

739
00:41:35,080 --> 00:41:39,120
Speaker 2: bulky and unwieldy form, they are the opposite of hydrodynamic, right,

740
00:41:39,400 --> 00:41:41,440
Speaker 2: just they're a complete blunt face.

741
00:41:41,880 --> 00:41:44,480
Speaker 1: But they're like a zion shape.

742
00:41:44,760 --> 00:41:47,120
Speaker 2: Yes, yes, like the S and I'm glad you said

743
00:41:47,120 --> 00:41:52,200
Speaker 2: that because that's along a similar vein. But they're surprisingly

744
00:41:52,320 --> 00:41:56,200
Speaker 2: agile swimmers, so they can have these little bursts of

745
00:41:56,239 --> 00:41:58,759
Speaker 2: speed where they can swim forward really really fast, but

746
00:41:59,239 --> 00:42:03,640
Speaker 2: they're really really good at making tight turns, so they

747
00:42:03,680 --> 00:42:05,640
Speaker 2: can turn on a dime. They don't have to, like

748
00:42:05,680 --> 00:42:07,719
Speaker 2: a lot of other fish maybe need to be kind

749
00:42:07,719 --> 00:42:10,799
Speaker 2: of like moving forward while they swim or like while

750
00:42:10,840 --> 00:42:11,239
Speaker 2: they turn.

751
00:42:11,360 --> 00:42:14,560
Speaker 1: I got a dripped a little bit, but these guys, yeah,

752
00:42:14,640 --> 00:42:15,480
Speaker 1: because they.

753
00:42:15,280 --> 00:42:17,759
Speaker 2: Can just ye on a dime. They can kind of

754
00:42:17,760 --> 00:42:20,520
Speaker 2: swivel around, and they're really really agile in the water.

755
00:42:21,040 --> 00:42:24,719
Speaker 2: So because they're such you know, skilled little swimmers, the

756
00:42:24,760 --> 00:42:30,880
Speaker 2: engineers at Mercedes Benz were inspired to try modeling a

757
00:42:30,960 --> 00:42:33,359
Speaker 2: car after the box fish.

758
00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:35,879
Speaker 1: Slap slap on one of these box fish, like, how

759
00:42:36,200 --> 00:42:38,319
Speaker 1: what can I do today to get you inside one

760
00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:41,960
Speaker 1: of these bad boys?

761
00:42:41,760 --> 00:42:44,399
Speaker 2: You slaping the side of it, like this bad boy

762
00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:46,680
Speaker 2: can fish so much planked in it?

763
00:42:46,760 --> 00:42:49,640
Speaker 1: Yeah, making a wet squelching sound every time he hits

764
00:42:49,680 --> 00:42:52,520
Speaker 1: the fish.

765
00:42:51,600 --> 00:42:54,120
Speaker 2: Which I'm already excited about because this is just a

766
00:42:54,200 --> 00:42:57,200
Speaker 2: cute fish and I love a cute car. So I'm like,

767
00:42:58,200 --> 00:43:01,120
Speaker 2: I'm I'm here for it really just visibly, I want

768
00:43:01,120 --> 00:43:02,800
Speaker 2: to just esthetically, I'm down.

769
00:43:02,920 --> 00:43:04,839
Speaker 1: I feel like it should be the same rules as

770
00:43:04,880 --> 00:43:07,560
Speaker 1: the Olympians rules, where if you make a box fish car,

771
00:43:07,640 --> 00:43:10,680
Speaker 1: it has still look like a big box fish.

772
00:43:11,000 --> 00:43:12,759
Speaker 2: It needs to have the spots on it, yeah, and

773
00:43:14,239 --> 00:43:16,120
Speaker 2: make like it would have been great if they have.

774
00:43:18,200 --> 00:43:21,000
Speaker 1: It needs to have bubbles come out of the tailpipe somehow.

775
00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:23,600
Speaker 2: It needs to be as cute as but you got

776
00:43:23,600 --> 00:43:26,520
Speaker 2: to lean into it. They didn't lean into it as

777
00:43:26,640 --> 00:43:29,239
Speaker 2: much as I wanted them to. And this was just

778
00:43:29,320 --> 00:43:32,520
Speaker 2: a concept car. This didn't actually make it to the market.

779
00:43:33,120 --> 00:43:34,960
Speaker 2: This was introduced in two thousand and five and it

780
00:43:35,000 --> 00:43:39,600
Speaker 2: was called the Bionic, which is maybe too cool of

781
00:43:39,640 --> 00:43:44,040
Speaker 2: a name for what the car actually looked like because

782
00:43:44,080 --> 00:43:48,279
Speaker 2: bionic I feel I associate with bionicles, which I don't

783
00:43:48,320 --> 00:43:52,839
Speaker 2: know if they're but it was like robot toys, Yeah,

784
00:43:52,880 --> 00:43:55,040
Speaker 2: little robot toys that were popular when I was a kid.

785
00:43:55,080 --> 00:43:56,919
Speaker 2: I don't know if they're still popular, but it makes

786
00:43:56,920 --> 00:44:01,000
Speaker 2: me think of like a very cool transformer zesque sort

787
00:44:01,040 --> 00:44:01,560
Speaker 2: of robot.

788
00:44:01,680 --> 00:44:03,200
Speaker 1: Yeah, I'm looking at it.

789
00:44:03,200 --> 00:44:03,680
Speaker 2: It's a box.

790
00:44:04,040 --> 00:44:06,400
Speaker 1: The thing I appreciate is they did make it shiny

791
00:44:06,400 --> 00:44:10,279
Speaker 1: and yellow. It's a very pretty color, so it's it's neat.

792
00:44:10,360 --> 00:44:12,960
Speaker 1: I mean, box fish are The cute thing about box

793
00:44:13,040 --> 00:44:15,279
Speaker 1: fish is that they aren't like shiny and yellow, but

794
00:44:15,320 --> 00:44:18,279
Speaker 1: they are bright yellow and they some species at least

795
00:44:18,280 --> 00:44:21,400
Speaker 1: have these like like little black thoughts. They're black polka

796
00:44:21,400 --> 00:44:28,640
Speaker 1: dot and adorable, so cute, So it's it's yeah. I

797
00:44:28,640 --> 00:44:31,719
Speaker 1: can see though that the shape is sort of box

798
00:44:31,800 --> 00:44:35,000
Speaker 1: fish like. It's not nearly as cute as box fish,

799
00:44:35,520 --> 00:44:36,520
Speaker 1: but it is.

800
00:44:36,800 --> 00:44:38,719
Speaker 2: And they did kind of back off on like the

801
00:44:38,800 --> 00:44:41,960
Speaker 2: squareness of it. It does have like still sort of

802
00:44:42,000 --> 00:44:44,120
Speaker 2: an identifiable car shape.

803
00:44:44,640 --> 00:44:47,560
Speaker 1: But what is like, what is the physics concept behind this?

804
00:44:47,800 --> 00:44:50,719
Speaker 1: Like why is this okay? Why is the shape good?

805
00:44:51,600 --> 00:44:55,040
Speaker 2: So the engineers believed like this was the plot process

806
00:44:55,239 --> 00:44:58,360
Speaker 2: was that the square shape of the box fish was

807
00:44:58,400 --> 00:45:02,680
Speaker 2: both reducing drag in the water and stabilizing the body.

808
00:45:03,000 --> 00:45:06,440
Speaker 2: So the thinking was that if the fish tilted in

809
00:45:06,560 --> 00:45:12,040
Speaker 2: one direction, the water swirling around it would push against

810
00:45:12,080 --> 00:45:16,439
Speaker 2: the projecting angles of the body, so like it would

811
00:45:16,480 --> 00:45:19,960
Speaker 2: have these sharp angles on like sort of all sides

812
00:45:20,000 --> 00:45:24,080
Speaker 2: of its body to push against swirling water when it tilted.

813
00:45:24,440 --> 00:45:27,040
Speaker 2: So the idea was that this was keeping it upright

814
00:45:27,160 --> 00:45:32,279
Speaker 2: when it made these sharp turns. But this introduced a paradox.

815
00:45:32,719 --> 00:45:36,960
Speaker 2: So the stabilization from that kind of maneuvering should make

816
00:45:37,000 --> 00:45:41,200
Speaker 2: it more difficult for the fish to make sudden tight turns.

817
00:45:41,719 --> 00:45:45,160
Speaker 2: Right if the if the angles are pushing against the water,

818
00:45:45,719 --> 00:45:48,160
Speaker 2: then that should make it not very good at making

819
00:45:48,200 --> 00:45:51,719
Speaker 2: tight turns. So people were kind of baffled as to

820
00:45:51,880 --> 00:45:55,680
Speaker 2: how the fish's box shape could be both more maneuverable

821
00:45:55,960 --> 00:45:59,239
Speaker 2: and more stable, because those two things should be a

822
00:45:59,320 --> 00:46:00,920
Speaker 2: kind of a trade off from each other. You should

823
00:46:00,920 --> 00:46:04,319
Speaker 2: either be more maneuverable or more stable, not both. So

824
00:46:04,800 --> 00:46:07,560
Speaker 2: in twenty fifteen, this was ten years after the bionic

825
00:46:08,440 --> 00:46:10,879
Speaker 2: was sort of displayed. It like I said, it didn't

826
00:46:10,880 --> 00:46:13,399
Speaker 2: really go anywhere it was just a cool idea. Ten

827
00:46:13,440 --> 00:46:17,319
Speaker 2: years later, researchers printed, not printed, they made no, they

828
00:46:17,320 --> 00:46:21,960
Speaker 2: did print. They made three D printed models of box fish,

829
00:46:22,400 --> 00:46:25,560
Speaker 2: and they ran fluid dynamic simulations where they would like

830
00:46:25,840 --> 00:46:27,919
Speaker 2: put them in, you know, a box full of water

831
00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:30,759
Speaker 2: and like jet water over it basically to see how

832
00:46:30,760 --> 00:46:32,880
Speaker 2: the water flows over their bodies and move them around

833
00:46:32,880 --> 00:46:36,200
Speaker 2: to see like how the water flowed around them. This

834
00:46:36,360 --> 00:46:39,960
Speaker 2: was to test how well they actually reduced drag, and

835
00:46:40,040 --> 00:46:42,759
Speaker 2: it turned out that they were terrible at it. They

836
00:46:42,800 --> 00:46:46,759
Speaker 2: created a ton of drag in the water, so they

837
00:46:46,800 --> 00:46:51,040
Speaker 2: produced twice as much drag as non box shaped fish.

838
00:46:51,520 --> 00:46:55,319
Speaker 2: And they also found that their shape actually destabilized them

839
00:46:55,360 --> 00:46:58,120
Speaker 2: in the water and made them more likely to spin

840
00:46:58,200 --> 00:47:00,680
Speaker 2: out with the flow of water around them. So like

841
00:47:00,960 --> 00:47:05,960
Speaker 2: they were not stable at all, like highly maneuverable, not stable.

842
00:47:06,320 --> 00:47:08,520
Speaker 2: So if they were to kind of continue on with

843
00:47:08,600 --> 00:47:10,439
Speaker 2: this car design, you would have a car that could

844
00:47:10,440 --> 00:47:12,399
Speaker 2: make tight turns, but it was going to be falling over,

845
00:47:12,520 --> 00:47:13,680
Speaker 2: like it was going to be tiling.

846
00:47:13,880 --> 00:47:18,360
Speaker 1: Well, the thing is that like box fish don't use wheels,

847
00:47:19,040 --> 00:47:22,520
Speaker 1: so like the location is different. It's not them like

848
00:47:22,719 --> 00:47:27,000
Speaker 1: on a road encountering wind resistance, it's them under the

849
00:47:27,120 --> 00:47:32,920
Speaker 1: water encounting like water resistance, but also the locomotion is

850
00:47:33,000 --> 00:47:35,320
Speaker 1: from the little the cute, little stubby fence.

851
00:47:36,280 --> 00:47:38,080
Speaker 2: Yes, that was kind of what they came to the

852
00:47:38,120 --> 00:47:41,440
Speaker 2: conclusion of because they had always kind of like the

853
00:47:41,480 --> 00:47:45,400
Speaker 2: paradox was under the assumption that the shape of the

854
00:47:45,440 --> 00:47:50,120
Speaker 2: fish was providing its stability. But after running these simulations

855
00:47:50,120 --> 00:47:52,799
Speaker 2: and finding that it actually wasn't, the scientists were like, well,

856
00:47:53,120 --> 00:47:55,640
Speaker 2: how do they actually swim so well? Because you can

857
00:47:55,680 --> 00:47:58,040
Speaker 2: see the end result they're a good swimmer. So like,

858
00:47:58,239 --> 00:47:59,640
Speaker 2: how are they a good swimmer if they're not? Like,

859
00:47:59,640 --> 00:48:01,839
Speaker 2: how are they not spinning out every time you know,

860
00:48:01,920 --> 00:48:04,120
Speaker 2: a stiff breeze rolls by. I don't know what the

861
00:48:04,120 --> 00:48:06,640
Speaker 2: equivalent oc current? Yeah, So like why why are they

862
00:48:06,640 --> 00:48:09,560
Speaker 2: not spinning out at all times? And the scientists for, like,

863
00:48:09,800 --> 00:48:13,400
Speaker 2: I mean they have fins like they cars don't have fins,

864
00:48:13,719 --> 00:48:18,080
Speaker 2: like they have something cars as.

865
00:48:17,239 --> 00:48:19,319
Speaker 1: And cool Lightning strike.

866
00:48:20,760 --> 00:48:22,200
Speaker 2: And that is of course to make it go faster.

867
00:48:22,440 --> 00:48:25,320
Speaker 1: Yeah, light makes it go fast.

868
00:48:26,200 --> 00:48:30,719
Speaker 2: Yeah. So the fish's tiny little fins are actually perfect

869
00:48:30,760 --> 00:48:33,839
Speaker 2: because they're so little and so stubby, they can make

870
00:48:34,040 --> 00:48:37,239
Speaker 2: very very quick, rapid movements in the water. So they

871
00:48:37,239 --> 00:48:41,560
Speaker 2: can make tiny adjustments to fix their tilt and keep

872
00:48:41,600 --> 00:48:44,319
Speaker 2: them stable when they would otherwise be spinning out.

873
00:48:45,200 --> 00:48:52,040
Speaker 1: Likes it's more like a drone and not like a car.

874
00:48:53,239 --> 00:48:57,280
Speaker 2: Yeah, like really great for like staying in one spot

875
00:48:57,400 --> 00:49:00,680
Speaker 2: and like swiveling around, but not super great for going

876
00:49:00,719 --> 00:49:04,640
Speaker 2: forward very fast. Right, And that that research. By the way,

877
00:49:04,640 --> 00:49:07,520
Speaker 2: I found the paper. It was called box fish swimming paradox.

878
00:49:07,640 --> 00:49:11,400
Speaker 2: Resolved forces by the flow of water around the body

879
00:49:11,400 --> 00:49:15,759
Speaker 2: promote maneuverability. And that was by Weasenberg at All in

880
00:49:15,840 --> 00:49:18,720
Speaker 2: the Journal of the Rural Society in February of twenty fifteen.

881
00:49:18,880 --> 00:49:22,640
Speaker 1: Man at All the at All family, Like.

882
00:49:23,480 --> 00:49:24,120
Speaker 2: They're killing it.

883
00:49:24,160 --> 00:49:26,920
Speaker 1: They're killing it so many papers.

884
00:49:28,239 --> 00:49:30,200
Speaker 2: Yeah, So I thought it was kind of funny that

885
00:49:30,320 --> 00:49:33,800
Speaker 2: like all of this, this entire car was designed based

886
00:49:33,800 --> 00:49:37,000
Speaker 2: on like an assumption. But I mean, you know, people

887
00:49:37,080 --> 00:49:39,960
Speaker 2: hadn't checked at that point. It was a pretty reasonable assumption.

888
00:49:40,080 --> 00:49:40,360
Speaker 1: Cry.

889
00:49:40,800 --> 00:49:45,000
Speaker 2: But it's than ten years later scientists were like, yeah,

890
00:49:45,120 --> 00:49:46,800
Speaker 2: isn't that weird. We should check.

891
00:49:47,320 --> 00:49:49,319
Speaker 1: Try to make a car in the shape of a

892
00:49:49,600 --> 00:49:52,160
Speaker 1: box and see what we can see.

893
00:49:52,800 --> 00:49:55,160
Speaker 2: Yeah, Like we can see like cars did hit the

894
00:49:55,200 --> 00:49:58,239
Speaker 2: consumer market that are box shaped. Yeah, my husband had

895
00:49:58,280 --> 00:50:01,759
Speaker 2: one at the time when we got together, one of

896
00:50:01,760 --> 00:50:03,920
Speaker 2: those Scions, Yeah, the Sion box cars.

897
00:50:04,320 --> 00:50:07,600
Speaker 1: We would always it's nice, there's wind.

898
00:50:07,640 --> 00:50:10,839
Speaker 2: Would always there was certainly a lot of that, and

899
00:50:10,880 --> 00:50:14,279
Speaker 2: we would make a joke because sometimes we were little Hellians,

900
00:50:14,360 --> 00:50:17,520
Speaker 2: we were little hooligans, you know, speeding around at night

901
00:50:17,560 --> 00:50:19,839
Speaker 2: and stuff, and we would joke that if we ever

902
00:50:20,040 --> 00:50:22,080
Speaker 2: like spun out or if the car flipped or something,

903
00:50:22,120 --> 00:50:23,239
Speaker 2: it would be like rolling a dike.

904
00:50:26,040 --> 00:50:30,560
Speaker 1: It's just like, there's really windy part when you're driving

905
00:50:30,600 --> 00:50:35,239
Speaker 1: sort of up California, near northern California, there's some of

906
00:50:35,280 --> 00:50:37,840
Speaker 1: this farmland that just gets super windy because there's no

907
00:50:38,080 --> 00:50:42,120
Speaker 1: like mountains around to disrupt the wind. And I like,

908
00:50:42,360 --> 00:50:44,640
Speaker 1: I was like, am I is my car just gonna

909
00:50:44,640 --> 00:50:47,520
Speaker 1: get tipped over because it's shaped like a box and

910
00:50:47,560 --> 00:50:48,280
Speaker 1: this is windy.

911
00:50:48,400 --> 00:50:49,799
Speaker 2: Every time it feels.

912
00:50:49,520 --> 00:50:51,400
Speaker 1: Like, yeah, it feels like I'm just gonna get like

913
00:50:51,440 --> 00:50:56,000
Speaker 1: blown away and then just tumbleweed my way off the road. Well,

914
00:50:56,400 --> 00:50:59,359
Speaker 1: it's good. Try everybody with the box fish car.

915
00:50:59,640 --> 00:51:03,880
Speaker 2: Good, honestly, keep making it. It's a cute car.

916
00:51:04,120 --> 00:51:08,560
Speaker 1: Make a box fish. I want a box fish drone shape.

917
00:51:09,120 --> 00:51:12,680
Speaker 2: Make more cars for purely aesthetic, tell you or cuteness?

918
00:51:12,760 --> 00:51:15,840
Speaker 1: Yeah, the cars are boring now I hate them. So

919
00:51:16,239 --> 00:51:19,680
Speaker 1: they're all this gray, gray or black and shape like

920
00:51:19,719 --> 00:51:21,879
Speaker 1: a turd.

921
00:51:22,960 --> 00:51:25,279
Speaker 2: Bring back the bionics.

922
00:51:25,360 --> 00:51:26,800
Speaker 1: Let's have bionical cars.

923
00:51:27,080 --> 00:51:27,359
Speaker 2: All right.

924
00:51:27,360 --> 00:51:29,359
Speaker 1: Well, we're going to take a quick break and when

925
00:51:29,360 --> 00:51:32,480
Speaker 1: we get back to more inventions that will change your

926
00:51:32,480 --> 00:51:36,040
Speaker 1: life or not, I don't know. But they're inspired by animals.

927
00:51:37,480 --> 00:51:41,280
Speaker 1: All right. So Ellen, what's what's your two favorite things

928
00:51:41,280 --> 00:51:42,239
Speaker 1: in the world?

929
00:51:43,440 --> 00:51:46,919
Speaker 2: My two? I can only pick two. I'm gonna say

930
00:51:47,320 --> 00:51:55,840
Speaker 2: Cappy Baris and the Ben and Jerry's Dirt Cup flavor.

931
00:51:55,880 --> 00:51:58,840
Speaker 1: Oh, that's a good Those are two good things. Mine

932
00:51:59,320 --> 00:52:02,160
Speaker 1: mine is a butterfly wings and money.

933
00:52:03,239 --> 00:52:06,879
Speaker 2: Mmmm, I do those are great things. I love both

934
00:52:06,920 --> 00:52:07,120
Speaker 2: of them.

935
00:52:07,880 --> 00:52:10,920
Speaker 1: But you're kind of like the bin and like if

936
00:52:10,920 --> 00:52:12,920
Speaker 1: I could chill out with a Kappy Barra and have

937
00:52:13,000 --> 00:52:15,879
Speaker 1: Ben and Jerry's Dirt Cup ice cream and hang out

938
00:52:15,880 --> 00:52:18,919
Speaker 1: with the karap bar at the same time, that'd be cool.

939
00:52:18,920 --> 00:52:23,440
Speaker 1: But the thing is I can use the money to

940
00:52:23,440 --> 00:52:25,680
Speaker 1: get the to get the Ben and Jerry's and the

941
00:52:25,719 --> 00:52:26,360
Speaker 1: butter It's.

942
00:52:26,200 --> 00:52:28,200
Speaker 2: True money will unlock all of those experiences and.

943
00:52:28,160 --> 00:52:33,480
Speaker 1: The butterfly wings to fly myself to Kappy Barra World

944
00:52:33,760 --> 00:52:36,759
Speaker 1: where you can hang out with the Kabby Burros. That's

945
00:52:36,800 --> 00:52:39,160
Speaker 1: not a real thing, but I want it like a

946
00:52:39,239 --> 00:52:41,680
Speaker 1: Jurassic Park. But for Cappy barras so.

947
00:52:43,200 --> 00:52:46,320
Speaker 2: Much lower stakes. If they had like a containment breach,

948
00:52:46,480 --> 00:52:48,160
Speaker 2: it would not be an issue.

949
00:52:48,280 --> 00:52:53,719
Speaker 1: Right, And so look, you know what, like why what

950
00:52:53,800 --> 00:52:57,120
Speaker 1: if money was butterfly wings? That would be much prettier

951
00:52:57,239 --> 00:53:03,040
Speaker 1: than stupid old dead presidents. And there is a potential

952
00:53:03,120 --> 00:53:07,319
Speaker 1: to use butterfly wings structure in money for things like

953
00:53:07,520 --> 00:53:13,759
Speaker 1: counterfeit protection. So butterfly wings like that of the morpho butterfly,

954
00:53:14,520 --> 00:53:19,520
Speaker 1: can offer these really amazing iridescined hues. Sometimes butterfly wings

955
00:53:19,520 --> 00:53:21,839
Speaker 1: will have like may actually have some pigment in it,

956
00:53:21,880 --> 00:53:26,240
Speaker 1: but a lot of times butterfly wings actually produce color

957
00:53:26,440 --> 00:53:31,279
Speaker 1: not through pigment but through structural coloration. So we see

958
00:53:31,320 --> 00:53:35,400
Speaker 1: color when light of different wavelengths bounce off a surface

959
00:53:35,560 --> 00:53:39,560
Speaker 1: and then bonk into light sensitive receptors at the back

960
00:53:39,600 --> 00:53:44,839
Speaker 1: of our eye. Pigments work by basically they absorb all

961
00:53:44,880 --> 00:53:48,759
Speaker 1: of the wavelengths of light that you don't see, and

962
00:53:48,800 --> 00:53:51,560
Speaker 1: then only the wavelength of light that it does not

963
00:53:51,920 --> 00:53:56,000
Speaker 1: absorb that bounces off of the pigment into your eyeball

964
00:53:56,160 --> 00:54:01,319
Speaker 1: is what you see. So like jazz is about all

965
00:54:01,400 --> 00:54:04,080
Speaker 1: of the colors that it does not absorb, So like

966
00:54:04,120 --> 00:54:08,400
Speaker 1: an apple absorbs everything except for the red wavelength, and

967
00:54:08,520 --> 00:54:14,200
Speaker 1: so it looks like a red apple. Now, structural coloration

968
00:54:14,520 --> 00:54:18,600
Speaker 1: it's still all about wavelengths of light hitting your eyeball,

969
00:54:19,440 --> 00:54:23,279
Speaker 1: but instead of it being about absorbing light other than

970
00:54:23,360 --> 00:54:26,760
Speaker 1: the one color wavelength that you see, it actually works

971
00:54:26,800 --> 00:54:31,520
Speaker 1: by bending length through tiny structures, usually little tiny ridges

972
00:54:31,680 --> 00:54:34,919
Speaker 1: or kind of hole like structures that kind of act

973
00:54:35,120 --> 00:54:39,200
Speaker 1: like microscopic prisms. So instead of absorbing the light, it

974
00:54:39,280 --> 00:54:43,759
Speaker 1: is refracting and bending and changing the direction in wavelength

975
00:54:43,880 --> 00:54:47,880
Speaker 1: of the light. And so this is one of the

976
00:54:47,920 --> 00:54:52,080
Speaker 1: reasons that structural coloration often results in this like iridescence.

977
00:54:52,120 --> 00:54:55,360
Speaker 1: So colors that like shimmer and shift as you change

978
00:54:55,400 --> 00:54:57,719
Speaker 1: the angle at which you view them or change the

979
00:54:57,960 --> 00:55:02,960
Speaker 1: direction of the light. So the light wavelengths actually can

980
00:55:03,040 --> 00:55:05,120
Speaker 1: interfere with each other, just like you know, like when

981
00:55:05,160 --> 00:55:07,800
Speaker 1: you're looking at a surface of water and you have ripples.

982
00:55:08,800 --> 00:55:11,759
Speaker 1: Sometimes the ripples can be additive and sometimes they can

983
00:55:11,800 --> 00:55:14,279
Speaker 1: be subtractive, like they can interfere with each other. That

984
00:55:14,680 --> 00:55:18,920
Speaker 1: amplifies the ripple effect, and sometimes they can interfere and

985
00:55:19,000 --> 00:55:22,120
Speaker 1: basically cancel each other out. And this can happen with

986
00:55:22,360 --> 00:55:27,040
Speaker 1: light with a surface where it's like one wavelength of

987
00:55:27,160 --> 00:55:31,120
Speaker 1: light is sort of hitting the surface at one angle

988
00:55:31,400 --> 00:55:34,879
Speaker 1: and kind of maybe below or near another wavelength light,

989
00:55:34,960 --> 00:55:37,680
Speaker 1: and then as they're refracted, if they're kind of bonking

990
00:55:37,719 --> 00:55:42,919
Speaker 1: into each other, they can actually either amplify and create

991
00:55:42,960 --> 00:55:47,319
Speaker 1: a stronger brighter wavelength or cancel each other out and

992
00:55:47,320 --> 00:55:49,000
Speaker 1: make it minmals. So like when you're looking at a

993
00:55:49,040 --> 00:55:51,680
Speaker 1: morpho wing, sometimes it shifts can even like kind of

994
00:55:51,680 --> 00:55:56,200
Speaker 1: shift between like bright bright like almost blindingly bright blue

995
00:55:56,760 --> 00:55:59,239
Speaker 1: or like black, like you can't see any of it,

996
00:55:59,320 --> 00:56:02,520
Speaker 1: So it's like that's why you get that weird iridescent

997
00:56:03,160 --> 00:56:04,000
Speaker 1: shift in color.

998
00:56:05,040 --> 00:56:07,879
Speaker 2: Taking pictures of them can be a nightmare, yeah, because

999
00:56:07,920 --> 00:56:10,240
Speaker 2: you have to get it from like the perfect angle.

1000
00:56:10,719 --> 00:56:12,440
Speaker 2: And then even when you I feel like when you

1001
00:56:12,480 --> 00:56:15,520
Speaker 2: take a picture of one, you don't really get the

1002
00:56:15,520 --> 00:56:19,000
Speaker 2: same effect, like it just it doesn't look as good. Yeah,

1003
00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:20,880
Speaker 2: you really have to see it in person to really.

1004
00:56:20,880 --> 00:56:23,360
Speaker 1: Right, because once you've taken the picture, when you've taken

1005
00:56:23,400 --> 00:56:27,279
Speaker 1: the picture, you've there is no longer the actual structural

1006
00:56:27,320 --> 00:56:31,480
Speaker 1: coloration of the wing, you have pigment. You've turned the

1007
00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:35,560
Speaker 1: structural coloration. The camera has captured the light information from

1008
00:56:35,600 --> 00:56:38,480
Speaker 1: the structural coloration, but then it's turned it into what

1009
00:56:38,640 --> 00:56:42,839
Speaker 1: is essentially pigment, right or like you know, pixels work

1010
00:56:42,880 --> 00:56:45,760
Speaker 1: a little different from pigment because it's actually like emitting

1011
00:56:45,880 --> 00:56:49,080
Speaker 1: light directly at you. But you know, if you look

1012
00:56:49,120 --> 00:56:51,520
Speaker 1: at a photograph, that's turned it into pigment, or if

1013
00:56:51,560 --> 00:56:53,440
Speaker 1: you're looking at it on the screen, it's turned it

1014
00:56:53,440 --> 00:56:59,640
Speaker 1: into pixels that are emitting light. So everything from butterfly

1015
00:56:59,680 --> 00:57:02,880
Speaker 1: wings to bird feathers, even some species of snakes have

1016
00:57:02,960 --> 00:57:05,560
Speaker 1: scales that can do this. There are some types of

1017
00:57:05,560 --> 00:57:09,759
Speaker 1: plants that can use structural coloration to create these amazing effects.

1018
00:57:09,760 --> 00:57:14,799
Speaker 1: And so what people are working on is turning that

1019
00:57:14,920 --> 00:57:19,520
Speaker 1: literally into money. So like there's this company called nanotech Security,

1020
00:57:19,520 --> 00:57:23,280
Speaker 1: which is totally not a cyberpunk dystopia money security company

1021
00:57:23,360 --> 00:57:26,440
Speaker 1: that's going to steal your soul. It is trying to

1022
00:57:26,560 --> 00:57:30,480
Speaker 1: introduce structural coloration to money to help prevent counterfeit dollars.

1023
00:57:30,520 --> 00:57:33,520
Speaker 1: So the idea is that if you create a portion

1024
00:57:33,640 --> 00:57:37,720
Speaker 1: of the money that has like these microscopic structures that

1025
00:57:37,920 --> 00:57:41,320
Speaker 1: offer an iridescent image. It would be so hard and

1026
00:57:41,440 --> 00:57:46,120
Speaker 1: expensive to try to counterfeit that that it would be

1027
00:57:46,360 --> 00:57:50,360
Speaker 1: a way to prevent counterfeit money, so like it'd be

1028
00:57:50,600 --> 00:57:56,000
Speaker 1: super like to create that kind of microscopic nanostructure would

1029
00:57:56,000 --> 00:57:59,880
Speaker 1: be quite a challenge for someone who's like, I'm going

1030
00:57:59,920 --> 00:58:02,680
Speaker 1: to put this dollar in photoshop a hip print. I

1031
00:58:02,720 --> 00:58:06,479
Speaker 1: don't know what how counterfeiting works. I'm sure it's more

1032
00:58:06,520 --> 00:58:11,880
Speaker 1: complicated than that, but so far they have not created

1033
00:58:11,920 --> 00:58:15,560
Speaker 1: this yet. There's no butterfly wing money. I think it

1034
00:58:15,600 --> 00:58:18,320
Speaker 1: would be cool if we just now, I don't want

1035
00:58:18,320 --> 00:58:22,040
Speaker 1: to hurt actual butterflies, so not like real butterfly wings,

1036
00:58:22,080 --> 00:58:25,400
Speaker 1: but just making money in the shape of butterfly.

1037
00:58:24,920 --> 00:58:28,800
Speaker 2: Wings, and that just was the currency.

1038
00:58:28,120 --> 00:58:30,800
Speaker 1: Exactly, Like haven't it cool? Because then we could have

1039
00:58:31,040 --> 00:58:35,360
Speaker 1: a real sort of like fairy cottage core aesthetic to

1040
00:58:35,480 --> 00:58:40,040
Speaker 1: our late stage malignant capitalism that I think would be

1041
00:58:40,240 --> 00:58:44,200
Speaker 1: kind of fun. I like that.

1042
00:58:44,800 --> 00:58:48,440
Speaker 2: I'm imagining that maybe the different like amounts of currency

1043
00:58:48,520 --> 00:58:51,200
Speaker 2: could be like different types of butterfly wings. Maybe like

1044
00:58:51,200 --> 00:58:52,920
Speaker 2: a monarch is worth a certain.

1045
00:58:52,680 --> 00:58:56,360
Speaker 1: Amount exactly like a mor fo is, maybe like a

1046
00:58:56,400 --> 00:58:58,880
Speaker 1: fifty dollar Atlas.

1047
00:58:59,000 --> 00:59:02,280
Speaker 2: We've become full circle. We've come full circle as a nation.

1048
00:59:02,480 --> 00:59:04,800
Speaker 2: We've looped all the way back around to having monarchs

1049
00:59:04,800 --> 00:59:05,640
Speaker 2: on our money again.

1050
00:59:08,360 --> 00:59:11,200
Speaker 1: Maybe like a I don't know what would be what

1051
00:59:11,280 --> 00:59:13,680
Speaker 1: would be like a one dollar bill? Who would get

1052
00:59:13,680 --> 00:59:16,800
Speaker 1: stuck with that? Uh?

1053
00:59:17,480 --> 00:59:18,360
Speaker 2: Maybe like a moth?

1054
00:59:19,760 --> 00:59:24,400
Speaker 1: Poor, just a normal moth? Yeah?

1055
00:59:24,440 --> 00:59:27,360
Speaker 2: Anyone? Who? Okay, have you played Skyrim?

1056
00:59:27,600 --> 00:59:32,560
Speaker 1: I have I Skyrim, No, but I know of it.

1057
00:59:32,640 --> 00:59:36,880
Speaker 1: I have definitely seen Skyrim. I've seen a Skyrim.

1058
00:59:37,040 --> 00:59:40,680
Speaker 2: I've seen aware aware of it. H So, when you're

1059
00:59:40,680 --> 00:59:42,880
Speaker 2: playing Skyrim, if you're playing Skyrim for the first time,

1060
00:59:42,960 --> 00:59:45,320
Speaker 2: there's an experience, there's like a cannon event, there's like

1061
00:59:45,400 --> 00:59:48,440
Speaker 2: an experience when you're playing Skyrim. You know a lot

1062
00:59:48,440 --> 00:59:50,440
Speaker 2: of what you're doing is like you can as you're

1063
00:59:50,480 --> 00:59:52,800
Speaker 2: walking through the world of Skyrim, you can like forage

1064
00:59:52,880 --> 00:59:57,800
Speaker 2: basically you'll pass by like plants. Yeah, yeah, you could

1065
00:59:57,800 --> 01:00:00,440
Speaker 2: just when you pass things, that'll say like collect thing,

1066
01:00:00,480 --> 01:00:03,600
Speaker 2: and you can just you know, harvest things. And so I,

1067
01:00:03,680 --> 01:00:05,520
Speaker 2: like many other people, have had this experience of just

1068
01:00:05,560 --> 01:00:09,680
Speaker 2: walking observing, just taking in the beauty of the world

1069
01:00:09,680 --> 01:00:13,280
Speaker 2: of Skyrim. And then who comes along but a sweet

1070
01:00:13,280 --> 01:00:17,760
Speaker 2: little butterfly, a beautiful, just lovely little butterfly, and the

1071
01:00:17,800 --> 01:00:21,120
Speaker 2: thing comes up. The prompt says collect blue butterfly, and

1072
01:00:21,160 --> 01:00:26,200
Speaker 2: I'm like, I get to catch butterflies. How blissful? This

1073
01:00:26,240 --> 01:00:28,760
Speaker 2: is amazing. I'm gonna just catch it, thinking like in

1074
01:00:28,800 --> 01:00:31,959
Speaker 2: a jar. Perhaps I'm just going to catch this little

1075
01:00:32,000 --> 01:00:33,880
Speaker 2: butterfly and keep it as my little pet.

1076
01:00:34,000 --> 01:00:34,320
Speaker 1: Yeah.

1077
01:00:34,360 --> 01:00:37,400
Speaker 2: So I collect the butterfly and it says added to

1078
01:00:37,480 --> 01:00:41,560
Speaker 2: inventory two butterfly wings. I was like, that's not what

1079
01:00:41,640 --> 01:00:43,840
Speaker 2: I wanted.

1080
01:00:44,400 --> 01:00:48,640
Speaker 1: You just reach out with a big, meaty fist and

1081
01:00:48,080 --> 01:00:52,320
Speaker 1: grab it. Yeah, just I was like, grip it apart.

1082
01:00:53,240 --> 01:00:55,840
Speaker 2: I was like, I feel like I was just manipulated

1083
01:00:56,240 --> 01:00:58,680
Speaker 2: into doing an animal cruelty that I didn't mean to.

1084
01:00:58,960 --> 01:01:02,280
Speaker 1: Yeah. There is a mod to Skyrim where it turns

1085
01:01:02,320 --> 01:01:06,080
Speaker 1: all the dragons into Thomas the tank Engines and that Yes,

1086
01:01:06,360 --> 01:01:09,600
Speaker 1: I saw that video and that's pretty much the only

1087
01:01:09,640 --> 01:01:13,200
Speaker 1: thing that Sebber made me want to play Skyrim, because

1088
01:01:13,240 --> 01:01:16,360
Speaker 1: otherwise I feel like I would be too scared of

1089
01:01:16,400 --> 01:01:19,320
Speaker 1: all the dragons. But if it's Thomas the tank Engines,

1090
01:01:20,440 --> 01:01:21,560
Speaker 1: I think I could handle it.

1091
01:01:22,400 --> 01:01:25,080
Speaker 2: I'm just thinking that if if butterfly wings were a

1092
01:01:25,160 --> 01:01:28,200
Speaker 2: valid currency, in Skyrim that would be great, and that

1093
01:01:28,280 --> 01:01:29,800
Speaker 2: you could just collect those money.

1094
01:01:30,120 --> 01:01:33,959
Speaker 1: Yeah, right, like and then if you can, like uh,

1095
01:01:34,320 --> 01:01:37,040
Speaker 1: I don't know, fairies can use them as accessories. I

1096
01:01:37,040 --> 01:01:41,200
Speaker 1: don't really know how Skyrim works, but I feel like

1097
01:01:41,400 --> 01:01:47,280
Speaker 1: butterfly wing money might make capitalism less lame.

1098
01:01:48,600 --> 01:01:52,320
Speaker 2: On the one hand, it would be bad to like

1099
01:01:52,440 --> 01:01:55,960
Speaker 2: incentivize people to take wings off of butterflies. On the

1100
01:01:56,040 --> 01:01:59,280
Speaker 2: other hand, it would be cool if that would encourage

1101
01:01:59,320 --> 01:02:04,320
Speaker 2: people to perhaps make environmental choices that would like increase

1102
01:02:04,360 --> 01:02:08,120
Speaker 2: the population of butterflies. Yeah, so like maybe I do

1103
01:02:08,240 --> 01:02:09,600
Speaker 2: think the environmental incentive.

1104
01:02:09,680 --> 01:02:12,640
Speaker 1: Yeah, I do think these should be like fake butterfly wings.

1105
01:02:12,640 --> 01:02:15,680
Speaker 1: I don't think these should be literal like rip the

1106
01:02:15,720 --> 01:02:18,520
Speaker 1: wings off of a butterfly and then buy a Snicker's

1107
01:02:18,560 --> 01:02:23,400
Speaker 1: bar with it. Situation that might be untenable. But yeah,

1108
01:02:23,440 --> 01:02:25,720
Speaker 1: like if we could, if we could like produce sort

1109
01:02:25,720 --> 01:02:30,400
Speaker 1: of like artificial butterfly wing currency, that'd be awesome.

1110
01:02:30,720 --> 01:02:36,280
Speaker 2: Last thing, what if what if spotted lantern fly wings

1111
01:02:37,080 --> 01:02:41,120
Speaker 2: were money? Ah, then we're incentivizing people to go out

1112
01:02:41,160 --> 01:02:43,120
Speaker 2: and take the wings and kill the spot of light.

1113
01:02:43,440 --> 01:02:47,520
Speaker 1: Butter lantern flies are super invasive, Uh, I think I

1114
01:02:47,560 --> 01:02:49,760
Speaker 1: mean they were on the East coast, but I think

1115
01:02:49,800 --> 01:02:52,680
Speaker 1: they're spreading out outwards. But yeah, they are.

1116
01:02:52,960 --> 01:02:55,560
Speaker 2: They're like reproducing faster than anyone could kill them.

1117
01:02:55,640 --> 01:02:58,000
Speaker 1: It's bad because they you know, like when you have

1118
01:02:58,000 --> 01:03:00,720
Speaker 1: a super invasive species like that they put shout or

1119
01:03:00,760 --> 01:03:06,240
Speaker 1: eat or out compete native species, and that's bad. So

1120
01:03:06,280 --> 01:03:08,440
Speaker 1: when you see a spotted lantern fly, which they're kind

1121
01:03:08,440 --> 01:03:10,840
Speaker 1: of pretty actually because they have like black and white

1122
01:03:10,880 --> 01:03:13,920
Speaker 1: spot wings and like sort of a reddish pink, it's

1123
01:03:14,000 --> 01:03:17,120
Speaker 1: it's it's pretty. But where are they there are they

1124
01:03:17,160 --> 01:03:24,120
Speaker 1: from a yeah, and so like they are, it's not

1125
01:03:24,320 --> 01:03:28,200
Speaker 1: it's not good because as invasive species, they are wreaking

1126
01:03:28,240 --> 01:03:32,080
Speaker 1: havoc on the sort of native species, and you are

1127
01:03:32,120 --> 01:03:34,960
Speaker 1: supposed to kill them on site. I think, yeah, like

1128
01:03:35,040 --> 01:03:37,480
Speaker 1: either as currency or one of those things. Like they

1129
01:03:37,600 --> 01:03:40,360
Speaker 1: used to have the like machines where you could put

1130
01:03:40,400 --> 01:03:43,000
Speaker 1: bottles in them and then like you get money for

1131
01:03:43,120 --> 01:03:46,560
Speaker 1: recycling bottles. Like if we could have a bounty, a bounty,

1132
01:03:46,680 --> 01:03:52,240
Speaker 1: if we could have bounty on on uh yeah, these guys,

1133
01:03:52,280 --> 01:03:54,280
Speaker 1: like that would be fun and then we could all

1134
01:03:54,320 --> 01:03:57,480
Speaker 1: pretend to be like hardcore bounty hunters when we're squishing bugs.

1135
01:03:58,400 --> 01:04:01,040
Speaker 2: You could be super cool about it, get like kidded out.

1136
01:04:01,240 --> 01:04:03,280
Speaker 1: Yeah, like wear a necklace of their wings.

1137
01:04:03,360 --> 01:04:05,760
Speaker 2: Yeah, because now you're an eco warrior.

1138
01:04:06,200 --> 01:04:09,440
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly, you're killing. It's like if all the if

1139
01:04:09,440 --> 01:04:11,400
Speaker 1: we could like pay people for it, and so like

1140
01:04:11,440 --> 01:04:14,080
Speaker 1: all the trophy hunters who like kill animals that don't

1141
01:04:14,120 --> 01:04:15,760
Speaker 1: need to be killed, and then we can get them

1142
01:04:15,800 --> 01:04:18,960
Speaker 1: on the case, like, look, this will now people will

1143
01:04:19,480 --> 01:04:23,120
Speaker 1: reward you for for draining the life out of an animal.

1144
01:04:24,000 --> 01:04:26,920
Speaker 2: I'm just saying, if we've already got like we're already

1145
01:04:26,960 --> 01:04:29,600
Speaker 2: having to suffer through capitalism, we might as well like

1146
01:04:29,640 --> 01:04:31,760
Speaker 2: make it work for us one.

1147
01:04:31,760 --> 01:04:36,480
Speaker 1: Situation, right exactly, Let's get one good use out of it. Yeah,

1148
01:04:36,560 --> 01:04:39,720
Speaker 1: let's uh, let's turn our sites towards killing the right

1149
01:04:39,800 --> 01:04:43,120
Speaker 1: thing this time. We got it wrong a lot of times,

1150
01:04:43,160 --> 01:04:45,920
Speaker 1: but this time I think we'll get it right. Ellen,

1151
01:04:46,280 --> 01:04:47,320
Speaker 1: you got one more invention?

1152
01:04:48,440 --> 01:04:52,120
Speaker 2: I do. I have one more. And once again, this

1153
01:04:52,160 --> 01:04:55,200
Speaker 2: one actually slots pretty well along with what you were

1154
01:04:55,240 --> 01:04:58,600
Speaker 2: talking about, because mine is also about it's not a bug,

1155
01:04:58,920 --> 01:05:01,880
Speaker 2: but it is an arthropod. And I think if you're

1156
01:05:01,920 --> 01:05:05,000
Speaker 2: like a bug chaotic person, like if you're like bug

1157
01:05:05,080 --> 01:05:08,800
Speaker 2: inclusive and bugs if it's little guys and it's bug.

1158
01:05:09,040 --> 01:05:14,880
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's my my yea crabs is bugs.

1159
01:05:16,280 --> 01:05:17,400
Speaker 2: This is about millipedes.

1160
01:05:17,480 --> 01:05:19,920
Speaker 1: Oh, yes, phillipedes is bugs for sure.

1161
01:05:20,120 --> 01:05:24,480
Speaker 2: Millipedes gotta be my favorite bug. Like obsessed with these

1162
01:05:24,480 --> 01:05:28,560
Speaker 2: little guys. They're so friendly, they're friends shaped, they won't

1163
01:05:28,600 --> 01:05:31,520
Speaker 2: like bite you, like, they're so chill and cool.

1164
01:05:31,760 --> 01:05:34,520
Speaker 1: And I had one crawl up my leg when I

1165
01:05:34,560 --> 01:05:37,000
Speaker 1: was a kid. I think it was trying to just

1166
01:05:37,360 --> 01:05:39,800
Speaker 1: make friends with me with its many, many, many tiny

1167
01:05:40,080 --> 01:05:45,400
Speaker 1: tickli little legs. I was not into it just to

1168
01:05:45,440 --> 01:05:50,280
Speaker 1: have this thing. Yeah, just the startling aspect of this

1169
01:05:50,360 --> 01:05:54,840
Speaker 1: thing crawling up my legs saying hello with all those legs. Uh.

1170
01:05:55,560 --> 01:05:58,920
Speaker 1: You know, I didn't love that experience. But now I

1171
01:05:58,960 --> 01:06:01,800
Speaker 1: feel like that I've got on some distance. I like them.

1172
01:06:01,920 --> 01:06:02,760
Speaker 1: I'm a new one.

1173
01:06:03,560 --> 01:06:06,320
Speaker 2: Also, I feel like, if you don't if you don't

1174
01:06:06,480 --> 01:06:09,520
Speaker 2: confidently know the difference between a millipede and a centipede,

1175
01:06:09,600 --> 01:06:13,960
Speaker 2: which centipedes will bite you and they're very mean, I

1176
01:06:14,000 --> 01:06:16,520
Speaker 2: could definitely, you know, see, if you didn't know whether

1177
01:06:16,560 --> 01:06:18,400
Speaker 2: it was a milliped or somethede, you would just probably

1178
01:06:18,520 --> 01:06:19,400
Speaker 2: err on the side of caution.

1179
01:06:19,760 --> 01:06:25,840
Speaker 1: Yeah, bite you millipedes are round and shiny and nice,

1180
01:06:26,160 --> 01:06:27,280
Speaker 1: and cinipedes like.

1181
01:06:27,200 --> 01:06:28,400
Speaker 2: A little sausage.

1182
01:06:28,600 --> 01:06:32,479
Speaker 1: Yeah they look, there's fun. Sausage shaped. Centipedes are mean

1183
01:06:32,560 --> 01:06:37,240
Speaker 1: and pointy and auchi shaped well.

1184
01:06:37,360 --> 01:06:41,240
Speaker 2: So importantly for the millipedes, millipedes have two sets of

1185
01:06:41,320 --> 01:06:44,600
Speaker 2: legs per body segment, as opposed to centipedes, which only

1186
01:06:44,600 --> 01:06:47,240
Speaker 2: have one pair of legs. Millipedes have way more legs

1187
01:06:47,240 --> 01:06:48,720
Speaker 2: many they have tiny, tiny little legs.

1188
01:06:48,760 --> 01:06:51,080
Speaker 1: They have a million of the peds.

1189
01:06:51,240 --> 01:06:56,200
Speaker 2: A milla of them. So each pair of millipede legs

1190
01:06:56,480 --> 01:07:01,200
Speaker 2: moves symmetrically while both legs on eye their side lift

1191
01:07:01,240 --> 01:07:03,600
Speaker 2: at the same time, which is different from how like

1192
01:07:03,800 --> 01:07:08,080
Speaker 2: vertebrates walk. For example, you don't like, you know, lift

1193
01:07:08,200 --> 01:07:10,480
Speaker 2: both of your front legs and both of your back

1194
01:07:10,560 --> 01:07:13,640
Speaker 2: legs at the same time. You know, like, vertebrates don't

1195
01:07:13,640 --> 01:07:16,840
Speaker 2: typically walk like that, but millipedes do. So the individual

1196
01:07:16,920 --> 01:07:20,320
Speaker 2: pairs each move with a wave motion, so that when

1197
01:07:20,320 --> 01:07:23,640
Speaker 2: the millipede is walking forwards, the waves ripple from the

1198
01:07:23,680 --> 01:07:25,920
Speaker 2: back of the body towards the head. So if you

1199
01:07:25,920 --> 01:07:28,919
Speaker 2: were like looking really really closely at a millipede, that

1200
01:07:29,040 --> 01:07:32,160
Speaker 2: like kind of like a crowd in a stadium doing

1201
01:07:32,240 --> 01:07:34,640
Speaker 2: the wave. How like everyone throws their hands up at

1202
01:07:34,640 --> 01:07:36,560
Speaker 2: the same time. That's kind of what their feet are doing.

1203
01:07:37,080 --> 01:07:39,440
Speaker 2: But it moves. Yeah, it moved from the back of

1204
01:07:39,440 --> 01:07:43,320
Speaker 2: the body towards the head. But millipedes can also walk backwards,

1205
01:07:43,680 --> 01:07:45,240
Speaker 2: in which case they just do it in reverse.

1206
01:07:45,280 --> 01:07:47,840
Speaker 1: So the wave, that actual wave reversus.

1207
01:07:48,760 --> 01:07:50,840
Speaker 2: Yeah, so they can do like from from the head

1208
01:07:50,880 --> 01:07:53,240
Speaker 2: to the back to move backwards. It is really really cool.

1209
01:07:53,800 --> 01:07:58,120
Speaker 2: And importantly, having so many points of contact with the

1210
01:07:58,160 --> 01:08:01,640
Speaker 2: surface beneath them makes also their legs are really really

1211
01:08:01,640 --> 01:08:05,160
Speaker 2: short and their body is short and round. This makes

1212
01:08:05,160 --> 01:08:08,800
Speaker 2: them extremely stable. Like you are not going to knock

1213
01:08:08,800 --> 01:08:12,160
Speaker 2: a millipede over unless you're like human sized, you could

1214
01:08:12,160 --> 01:08:13,439
Speaker 2: be really big, but.

1215
01:08:15,560 --> 01:08:19,320
Speaker 1: Crawling up your leg and you run around a few times, yeah,

1216
01:08:19,439 --> 01:08:23,200
Speaker 1: then it takes a little bit of panic to running

1217
01:08:23,240 --> 01:08:24,080
Speaker 1: for it to fall off.

1218
01:08:25,160 --> 01:08:28,120
Speaker 2: Well, so keep in mind that they're like detritivores, right,

1219
01:08:28,160 --> 01:08:31,000
Speaker 2: So they're usually crawling around on things like logs and

1220
01:08:31,080 --> 01:08:33,280
Speaker 2: dirt and rocks. They're low on the ground, they have

1221
01:08:33,320 --> 01:08:36,000
Speaker 2: to crawl over a lot of uneven terrain. There's a

1222
01:08:36,000 --> 01:08:38,679
Speaker 2: lot of obstacles they have to crawl over and around,

1223
01:08:39,160 --> 01:08:41,479
Speaker 2: so and they get so incredibly stable.

1224
01:08:41,560 --> 01:08:44,240
Speaker 1: Yeah, it's like they've got such stubby legs and a

1225
01:08:44,320 --> 01:08:47,120
Speaker 1: round body, but they are so stable and.

1226
01:08:47,040 --> 01:08:50,120
Speaker 2: So able to and really good at like maneuvering around the.

1227
01:08:50,200 --> 01:08:53,680
Speaker 1: Obstacles over stuff, like they're good at it.

1228
01:08:54,800 --> 01:08:58,800
Speaker 2: So the sort of combination of the flexibility and the

1229
01:08:58,840 --> 01:09:03,000
Speaker 2: resilience of this style of walking has inspired designs for robots.

1230
01:09:03,880 --> 01:09:05,080
Speaker 2: So the one that I could find when I was

1231
01:09:05,080 --> 01:09:06,720
Speaker 2: looking around all about this a little bit is a

1232
01:09:06,760 --> 01:09:10,439
Speaker 2: tiny like only like a millimeter or two long. So

1233
01:09:10,600 --> 01:09:15,600
Speaker 2: this is tiny, tiny, soft bodied robot that was developed

1234
01:09:15,640 --> 01:09:18,840
Speaker 2: by that has been developed by the Max Planck Institute

1235
01:09:18,920 --> 01:09:23,439
Speaker 2: for Intelligence Systems, And it may I think, you know,

1236
01:09:23,520 --> 01:09:25,840
Speaker 2: I haven't seen them anything about them actually rolling this

1237
01:09:25,880 --> 01:09:27,519
Speaker 2: out or like using it. I think it's kind of

1238
01:09:27,520 --> 01:09:30,240
Speaker 2: maybe still in development. They're still kind of working with

1239
01:09:30,280 --> 01:09:32,120
Speaker 2: it to see if they can use it someday. But

1240
01:09:32,160 --> 01:09:36,599
Speaker 2: it may someday be used to move through the human body.

1241
01:09:36,800 --> 01:09:39,639
Speaker 1: Ooh, millipedes inside my blood stream.

1242
01:09:40,920 --> 01:09:43,040
Speaker 2: Robot millipedes inside your bloodstream.

1243
01:09:43,120 --> 01:09:43,680
Speaker 1: I'm into it.

1244
01:09:43,800 --> 01:09:47,719
Speaker 2: Uh, not cyberpunk at all. I'm sure get those bod.

1245
01:09:47,920 --> 01:09:50,519
Speaker 1: In my body.

1246
01:09:51,040 --> 01:09:53,880
Speaker 2: I want bug blood, Get me bug blood, get.

1247
01:09:53,760 --> 01:09:56,280
Speaker 1: Them up in there, have them wiggle around and do

1248
01:09:56,320 --> 01:09:59,040
Speaker 1: their medicines, medicines on me in there.

1249
01:09:59,320 --> 01:10:01,800
Speaker 2: It is what is the idea is that they're meant

1250
01:10:01,800 --> 01:10:05,000
Speaker 2: to carry medicines through that's a door. So if you

1251
01:10:05,080 --> 01:10:07,599
Speaker 2: have like medicine, I think it's meant to be used

1252
01:10:07,600 --> 01:10:09,879
Speaker 2: as maybe like a possible alternative to surgery.

1253
01:10:10,000 --> 01:10:12,680
Speaker 1: Yeah, doctor about you have like yeah, it's just a

1254
01:10:12,720 --> 01:10:13,240
Speaker 1: little guy.

1255
01:10:13,600 --> 01:10:15,680
Speaker 2: You just let him zip and zoom up through your

1256
01:10:15,760 --> 01:10:18,400
Speaker 2: bloodstream and just don't think about it too hard, Like,

1257
01:10:18,439 --> 01:10:19,559
Speaker 2: don't think about it too much.

1258
01:10:19,640 --> 01:10:22,400
Speaker 1: I like thinking about bugs in my blood stream doing

1259
01:10:22,439 --> 01:10:23,840
Speaker 1: medicine on my heart.

1260
01:10:24,520 --> 01:10:27,040
Speaker 2: The thing is, you've already got little critters in there.

1261
01:10:27,520 --> 01:10:32,880
Speaker 1: And they're not doing anything that great, Like you got yeah,

1262
01:10:32,960 --> 01:10:35,320
Speaker 1: you got little time, You got little crabs on your

1263
01:10:35,320 --> 01:10:37,000
Speaker 1: eyelashes and they're just hanging out there.

1264
01:10:38,160 --> 01:10:40,640
Speaker 2: Like yeah, you you definitely have more creatures on you

1265
01:10:40,720 --> 01:10:42,679
Speaker 2: than you think you do. So like, what's one more?

1266
01:10:42,800 --> 01:10:44,720
Speaker 2: It's not gonna hurt. And this one's a robot, so

1267
01:10:44,720 --> 01:10:46,960
Speaker 2: it's fine. It's a doctor to anything.

1268
01:10:47,080 --> 01:10:49,599
Speaker 1: This robot didn't go to five years of medical school

1269
01:10:49,600 --> 01:10:51,520
Speaker 1: to be called robot. It's a doctor.

1270
01:10:51,200 --> 01:10:57,360
Speaker 2: Robot, doctor robot millipede. Yeah, which doctor robot millipede. Great

1271
01:10:57,400 --> 01:11:01,920
Speaker 2: band name there, it is, but it is also very cyberpunk,

1272
01:11:01,960 --> 01:11:04,360
Speaker 2: you know, like the idea of like putting robots in

1273
01:11:04,400 --> 01:11:06,920
Speaker 2: your body. We've had a lot of cyberpunk talk.

1274
01:11:07,600 --> 01:11:12,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, right, future and so.

1275
01:11:11,600 --> 01:11:13,760
Speaker 2: So this I came across this stuff when I was

1276
01:11:13,760 --> 01:11:16,280
Speaker 2: doing notes for an episode on millipedes years ago, and

1277
01:11:16,320 --> 01:11:18,800
Speaker 2: then this morning I was kind of refreshing and I

1278
01:11:18,840 --> 01:11:19,920
Speaker 2: was like, you know what, I'm gonna look aroun. I'm

1279
01:11:19,920 --> 01:11:21,439
Speaker 2: gonna see if anything else has been Because I took

1280
01:11:21,439 --> 01:11:24,200
Speaker 2: these notes years ago, I did find a new paper,

1281
01:11:24,439 --> 01:11:28,439
Speaker 2: a research article from November of twenty twenty three where

1282
01:11:29,160 --> 01:11:35,439
Speaker 2: researchers looked at millipede turning and bending as inspiration to

1283
01:11:35,520 --> 01:11:39,880
Speaker 2: develop navigational strategies for robots. So they basically looked at

1284
01:11:39,920 --> 01:11:43,679
Speaker 2: the ways that millipedes can use their legs to turn

1285
01:11:43,800 --> 01:11:48,000
Speaker 2: their body and get around obstacles and stuff, and are

1286
01:11:48,080 --> 01:11:50,320
Speaker 2: like using that to develop strategies for how we can

1287
01:11:50,320 --> 01:11:53,040
Speaker 2: get robots to do the same thing. Because you imagine,

1288
01:11:53,080 --> 01:11:55,719
Speaker 2: just like scale up a millipede to like a huge size,

1289
01:11:55,760 --> 01:11:57,920
Speaker 2: you could you know, you could use that for things

1290
01:11:58,000 --> 01:12:02,000
Speaker 2: like Mars like exploration or a moon exploration. Like you're

1291
01:12:02,000 --> 01:12:05,559
Speaker 2: gonna need a robot to get around bumpy rocks and stuff.

1292
01:12:07,000 --> 01:12:10,040
Speaker 2: And that paper was called leg Body Coordination Strategies for

1293
01:12:10,160 --> 01:12:14,880
Speaker 2: Obstacle Avoidance and Narrow Space Navigation of Multi Segmented Legged

1294
01:12:15,080 --> 01:12:18,479
Speaker 2: Robots And that was by ming Chinda at All in

1295
01:12:18,520 --> 01:12:20,200
Speaker 2: Frontiers in Neurobiotics.

1296
01:12:20,240 --> 01:12:24,280
Speaker 1: Very cool, three, very cool. Just one note about the

1297
01:12:24,280 --> 01:12:28,000
Speaker 1: paper name a little long. I could call it we

1298
01:12:28,080 --> 01:12:31,360
Speaker 1: put we put robot bugs on Mars question mark?

1299
01:12:32,320 --> 01:12:32,720
Speaker 2: What if?

1300
01:12:32,760 --> 01:12:33,360
Speaker 1: What if? Robot?

1301
01:12:33,439 --> 01:12:34,120
Speaker 2: What if bug? Robot?

1302
01:12:34,160 --> 01:12:37,479
Speaker 1: Bug? Robot on Mars question mark? I think it's the

1303
01:12:37,560 --> 01:12:41,120
Speaker 1: idea cross and a lot fewer words. But now that

1304
01:12:41,200 --> 01:12:44,519
Speaker 1: is that is rata tech. I love that. I love

1305
01:12:44,920 --> 01:12:48,679
Speaker 1: bug robots. Bring it, sock it to me, like I'll

1306
01:12:48,760 --> 01:12:52,800
Speaker 1: allow the singularity to happen if they're all cool bug

1307
01:12:52,840 --> 01:12:55,160
Speaker 1: shaped robots. Like if I got to look at like

1308
01:12:55,200 --> 01:12:58,160
Speaker 1: a humanoid robot being like we're in charge now, I'm

1309
01:12:58,200 --> 01:13:01,519
Speaker 1: president now, it's like, eh, I don't love that. But

1310
01:13:01,600 --> 01:13:04,400
Speaker 1: if it's like a robot bug going like I'm president now,

1311
01:13:04,400 --> 01:13:07,360
Speaker 1: it's like all right, you know what, Yeah, it's your turn.

1312
01:13:07,600 --> 01:13:08,880
Speaker 1: That's fine.

1313
01:13:09,439 --> 01:13:11,960
Speaker 2: Maybe you'll do a better job. Probably, maybe you take

1314
01:13:11,960 --> 01:13:14,559
Speaker 2: a swing at this. Yeah, sorry about the mess we left.

1315
01:13:14,800 --> 01:13:17,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, we didn't do a great job, but you guys

1316
01:13:17,120 --> 01:13:19,360
Speaker 1: are And I feel like in the Matrix they kind

1317
01:13:19,360 --> 01:13:21,439
Speaker 1: of make the robots all sort of like squiggly and

1318
01:13:21,520 --> 01:13:23,479
Speaker 1: bug like, and like if I was a human in

1319
01:13:23,520 --> 01:13:26,200
Speaker 1: the Matrix, I'm like, Wow, you guys built us like

1320
01:13:26,320 --> 01:13:28,839
Speaker 1: Disneyland for our brains. It's kind of nice.

1321
01:13:29,720 --> 01:13:32,639
Speaker 2: The bug robot takes office and he's like, who closed

1322
01:13:32,720 --> 01:13:36,719
Speaker 2: last night? This is a mess. This sucks. You guys

1323
01:13:36,760 --> 01:13:37,280
Speaker 2: live like.

1324
01:13:37,280 --> 01:13:40,720
Speaker 1: This, but that's cool. I also I appreciate that, like

1325
01:13:40,760 --> 01:13:43,839
Speaker 1: millipedes have like such tiny brains and tiny nervous systems,

1326
01:13:43,880 --> 01:13:46,640
Speaker 1: but they are capable of such complex movement, right, like

1327
01:13:46,720 --> 01:13:49,680
Speaker 1: the undulating waves of their legs. Like if I was

1328
01:13:49,720 --> 01:13:52,439
Speaker 1: a millipede, I would immediately get confused and fall over.

1329
01:13:52,800 --> 01:13:55,719
Speaker 2: To like we're struggling with the two I've got. Yeah,

1330
01:13:55,760 --> 01:13:58,719
Speaker 2: Like I'm already, yeah, my life on just the two.

1331
01:13:59,040 --> 01:14:02,400
Speaker 1: Like when you're like climb stairs and sneeze at the

1332
01:14:02,400 --> 01:14:04,200
Speaker 1: same time and I try it, I fall down and

1333
01:14:04,240 --> 01:14:08,920
Speaker 1: almost kill myself. It's an either or yeah, So I man.

1334
01:14:09,000 --> 01:14:11,839
Speaker 1: Props to the millipedes and props to tiny doctor bugs

1335
01:14:11,920 --> 01:14:15,400
Speaker 1: that are gonna be like crawl up in our body

1336
01:14:15,439 --> 01:14:18,080
Speaker 1: fluids and do doctor stuff inside.

1337
01:14:18,680 --> 01:14:21,320
Speaker 2: Let him, I don't let him. Well, we can't talk

1338
01:14:21,360 --> 01:14:23,920
Speaker 2: about robot bugs without talking about Wild Wild West, of

1339
01:14:23,960 --> 01:14:25,200
Speaker 2: course obligatory.

1340
01:14:25,520 --> 01:14:27,800
Speaker 1: I've never seen it. That was the one with Will Smith.

1341
01:14:27,920 --> 01:14:30,679
Speaker 2: You're not missing anything. Yes, it did have Will Smith

1342
01:14:30,720 --> 01:14:34,880
Speaker 2: and it famously he turned down the role as I

1343
01:14:34,880 --> 01:14:37,240
Speaker 2: think it was Neo and the Matrix. I think he

1344
01:14:37,280 --> 01:14:40,439
Speaker 2: did actually turned down the leading role in the Matrix

1345
01:14:40,439 --> 01:14:43,280
Speaker 2: to do Wild Wild West instead, which was notoriously a

1346
01:14:43,400 --> 01:14:46,840
Speaker 2: very terrible movie. It was very very bad. But one

1347
01:14:46,880 --> 01:14:52,040
Speaker 2: of the sort of most uh intriguing things about the

1348
01:14:52,080 --> 01:14:54,799
Speaker 2: movie is that at the end, a giant robot spider

1349
01:14:54,840 --> 01:14:57,200
Speaker 2: shows up, a giant It's like a sitty explain it.

1350
01:14:57,320 --> 01:14:59,120
Speaker 2: Just keep in mind, keep in mind this is like,

1351
01:14:59,760 --> 01:15:05,160
Speaker 2: you know, steampunk West's Steampunk West. This giant steampunk robot

1352
01:15:05,200 --> 01:15:09,760
Speaker 2: spider shows up at the s and it's just there's

1353
01:15:10,680 --> 01:15:14,160
Speaker 2: kind they kind of like hinted at, like there was

1354
01:15:14,200 --> 01:15:17,519
Speaker 2: something like, oh, there's something and then oh, it's a

1355
01:15:17,520 --> 01:15:18,759
Speaker 2: giant robot spider.

1356
01:15:18,800 --> 01:15:22,240
Speaker 1: It's Jeff, you know, ings around.

1357
01:15:23,120 --> 01:15:25,000
Speaker 2: But it is kind of like this, you know, the

1358
01:15:25,080 --> 01:15:28,400
Speaker 2: idea being that like this bug body shape is very

1359
01:15:28,479 --> 01:15:31,080
Speaker 2: very stable, and yeah, good at getting around, and it's

1360
01:15:31,120 --> 01:15:35,679
Speaker 2: already it lends itself to robotics. Yeah, yeah, it feels

1361
01:15:35,720 --> 01:15:39,559
Speaker 2: very mechanical. And yeah there's a giant robot spider like

1362
01:15:39,640 --> 01:15:41,080
Speaker 2: not to spoil it, sorry.

1363
01:15:40,840 --> 01:15:44,519
Speaker 1: Yeah, oh god, now I can never watch. Yeah. No,

1364
01:15:44,600 --> 01:15:48,400
Speaker 1: there's hydraulic there's hydraulics. There's pist in action with spider

1365
01:15:48,479 --> 01:15:52,839
Speaker 1: legs that lends itself well to like robot you know stuff.

1366
01:15:53,240 --> 01:15:54,720
Speaker 1: So I'm into it.

1367
01:15:54,840 --> 01:15:55,320
Speaker 2: Scuttling.

1368
01:15:55,479 --> 01:15:59,800
Speaker 1: I like a scuttling robot that you know that gets

1369
01:16:00,080 --> 01:16:05,160
Speaker 1: in my interstitial body fluids. So that's great. Ellen. Before

1370
01:16:05,200 --> 01:16:07,040
Speaker 1: we go, we got play a little game. It's called

1371
01:16:07,040 --> 01:16:10,080
Speaker 1: them Yes Squawk and Mystery Animal Sound Game. Every week

1372
01:16:10,240 --> 01:16:12,920
Speaker 1: I play Mystery Animals Sound except for last week and

1373
01:16:12,920 --> 01:16:16,080
Speaker 1: the week before because I played a Listener Questions episode

1374
01:16:16,080 --> 01:16:21,679
Speaker 1: and then a Easter rerun. But from two weeks ago

1375
01:16:22,360 --> 01:16:27,479
Speaker 1: we had a Mister animalsone and it the clue was like,

1376
01:16:27,880 --> 01:16:34,960
Speaker 1: don't be when I hear this, I'll pack my bag,

1377
01:16:38,520 --> 01:16:41,599
Speaker 1: all right, Ellen, who do you think this is good? Yeah,

1378
01:16:41,640 --> 01:16:42,479
Speaker 1: it's pretty bad.

1379
01:16:43,840 --> 01:16:47,000
Speaker 2: The hint that you gave led me to believe it wasn't.

1380
01:16:47,040 --> 01:16:51,160
Speaker 1: I'll packa I think I said it. I think I

1381
01:16:51,280 --> 01:16:54,599
Speaker 1: said it a little bit less spoilery. Last time. It's

1382
01:16:54,640 --> 01:16:57,120
Speaker 1: like I'm packing my bags when I hear this, But

1383
01:16:57,200 --> 01:17:00,719
Speaker 1: this time I couldn't. I couldn't help. But the pun.

1384
01:17:02,200 --> 01:17:05,120
Speaker 2: I have to meta game and say that based on

1385
01:17:05,240 --> 01:17:07,880
Speaker 2: the hint, I think it was an alpaca, but also

1386
01:17:07,920 --> 01:17:10,000
Speaker 2: if it is, if I'm right and it's an alpaca,

1387
01:17:10,200 --> 01:17:11,560
Speaker 2: I will be shocked.

1388
01:17:11,720 --> 01:17:15,200
Speaker 1: Yeah it's an alpaca, there's no way. Yeah, it's an

1389
01:17:15,360 --> 01:17:20,360
Speaker 1: pack alarm call. They make a horrible sound when they

1390
01:17:20,400 --> 01:17:21,080
Speaker 1: are alarmed.

1391
01:17:21,160 --> 01:17:23,840
Speaker 2: Yeah, that sucks. They should not do that.

1392
01:17:23,920 --> 01:17:25,559
Speaker 1: They should stop this.

1393
01:17:25,640 --> 01:17:27,840
Speaker 2: You should teach them a different one. Yeah, y'all can't

1394
01:17:27,840 --> 01:17:28,280
Speaker 2: be doing this.

1395
01:17:28,479 --> 01:17:31,840
Speaker 1: Like the recording device is clearly struggling here, like it

1396
01:17:31,880 --> 01:17:32,479
Speaker 1: is peaking.

1397
01:17:33,280 --> 01:17:34,280
Speaker 2: Uh, they're clipping.

1398
01:17:34,760 --> 01:17:37,559
Speaker 1: It is clipping. I am trying.

1399
01:17:37,560 --> 01:17:40,080
Speaker 2: For a second, I legitimately thought, I was like, are

1400
01:17:40,080 --> 01:17:42,720
Speaker 2: you having an audio issue? Is this a weird like?

1401
01:17:42,880 --> 01:17:44,840
Speaker 2: I thought so the audio get corrupted?

1402
01:17:45,320 --> 01:17:48,240
Speaker 1: I thought so too. In fact, I'm gonna like, I'm

1403
01:17:48,240 --> 01:17:50,200
Speaker 1: gonna find a different one, just so you can get

1404
01:17:50,600 --> 01:17:54,080
Speaker 1: the sense that this is not just a crappy recording.

1405
01:17:54,240 --> 01:18:04,559
Speaker 1: It is a terrible sound as well. Yeah, there it is.

1406
01:18:05,160 --> 01:18:08,280
Speaker 1: There's that good stuff right, direct that right into my

1407
01:18:08,360 --> 01:18:08,920
Speaker 1: ear holes.

1408
01:18:09,960 --> 01:18:12,439
Speaker 2: Yeah that sucks, that's awful like that.

1409
01:18:12,840 --> 01:18:16,000
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's fun. But you know, our packas are very

1410
01:18:16,520 --> 01:18:19,559
Speaker 1: very defensive, very territorial, and they will use this as

1411
01:18:19,920 --> 01:18:22,679
Speaker 1: a warning call for the rest of the I'll paka

1412
01:18:22,760 --> 01:18:26,519
Speaker 1: herd to be on high alert and they will. They

1413
01:18:26,560 --> 01:18:30,200
Speaker 1: will stomp and they will be aggressive if they feel

1414
01:18:30,240 --> 01:18:34,000
Speaker 1: like they are in danger. They are not demure creatures

1415
01:18:34,080 --> 01:18:38,040
Speaker 1: much like donkeys. They are not demure. In fact, sometimes

1416
01:18:38,040 --> 01:18:41,200
Speaker 1: like llamas or all, packs are used by farmers with

1417
01:18:41,280 --> 01:18:44,519
Speaker 1: like other animals to basically protect them and be like

1418
01:18:44,640 --> 01:18:48,439
Speaker 1: be their buddies because they're very very protective of their

1419
01:18:48,520 --> 01:18:50,000
Speaker 1: territory and their herd.

1420
01:18:50,560 --> 01:18:55,040
Speaker 2: They know they're worth they have boundaries. They excellent communication skills. Honestly,

1421
01:18:55,720 --> 01:18:56,519
Speaker 2: it's been to therapy.

1422
01:18:57,800 --> 01:19:02,920
Speaker 1: So onto the next mystery animals found the hants is this.

1423
01:19:02,920 --> 01:19:05,800
Speaker 1: This is a very common sound. So it's not so

1424
01:19:05,880 --> 01:19:09,960
Speaker 1: much about the trick, isn't so much about who, but

1425
01:19:10,520 --> 01:19:12,679
Speaker 1: the time I mean is there.

1426
01:19:12,600 --> 01:19:22,160
Speaker 2: By Yeah, I'm gonna say some kind of groundhog, a

1427
01:19:22,200 --> 01:19:23,200
Speaker 2: prairie dog or something.

1428
01:19:23,320 --> 01:19:26,160
Speaker 1: Great. Yeah, well we will find out next time on

1429
01:19:26,320 --> 01:19:28,200
Speaker 1: Creature feature. If you think you know who is making

1430
01:19:28,200 --> 01:19:30,240
Speaker 1: that sound, you can write to me at Creature futurepod

1431
01:19:30,280 --> 01:19:34,599
Speaker 1: at gmail dot com. And Ellen, thank you so much

1432
01:19:34,600 --> 01:19:37,800
Speaker 1: for joining me today. You're always a delight. Where can

1433
01:19:37,840 --> 01:19:38,400
Speaker 1: people find you?

1434
01:19:39,640 --> 01:19:42,240
Speaker 2: Of course they can find me on Just the Zoo

1435
01:19:42,280 --> 01:19:45,000
Speaker 2: of Us, which is a podcast on the Maximum Fun

1436
01:19:45,120 --> 01:19:49,400
Speaker 2: network where we review animals. We alternate between me and

1437
01:19:49,439 --> 01:19:54,680
Speaker 2: my husband doing our own notes and reporting our scores

1438
01:19:55,000 --> 01:19:56,800
Speaker 2: that we give the animals to each other. And then

1439
01:19:56,840 --> 01:19:59,120
Speaker 2: we have guest guest episodes where I bring on really

1440
01:19:59,120 --> 01:20:02,679
Speaker 2: cool people like Amani Weber Schultz, so I talked about earlier,

1441
01:20:02,720 --> 01:20:05,960
Speaker 2: who is a shark researcher who researches remras and shark

1442
01:20:06,040 --> 01:20:08,880
Speaker 2: denticles and stuff. So we have really cool people on.

1443
01:20:09,120 --> 01:20:11,600
Speaker 2: You can find it wherever you get podcasts or on

1444
01:20:11,760 --> 01:20:12,800
Speaker 2: maximum Fun dot org.

1445
01:20:13,120 --> 01:20:16,439
Speaker 1: Nice. I thank you guys so much for listening. If

1446
01:20:16,439 --> 01:20:18,599
Speaker 1: you're enjoying the show and you leave a rating or review,

1447
01:20:18,760 --> 01:20:22,000
Speaker 1: that absolutely helps the show. I read every single one

1448
01:20:22,240 --> 01:20:24,839
Speaker 1: and thanks to the Space Classic score their super awesome

1449
01:20:24,880 --> 01:20:30,839
Speaker 1: song Exolumina. Creature features a production of iHeartRadio, four more poducts,

1450
01:20:30,840 --> 01:20:33,840
Speaker 1: four more podcasts like We Just Heard, Visit the iHeartRadio,

1451
01:20:33,840 --> 01:20:35,760
Speaker 1: app Apple Podcast, or Hey, guess what? Why have you

1452
01:20:35,800 --> 01:20:38,080
Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows? Not? Your mother can't tell you,

1453
01:20:38,360 --> 01:20:40,400
Speaker 1: can't tell you how to live your life. You gotta

1454
01:20:40,640 --> 01:20:44,000
Speaker 1: gotta steer your own ship. See you next Wednesday,