1 00:00:02,759 --> 00:00:05,720 Speaker 1: The granddaddy of all Silicon Valley startups is Hewlett Packard. 2 00:00:05,880 --> 00:00:08,280 Speaker 1: It would start in a garage in nineteen thirty nine, 3 00:00:08,360 --> 00:00:11,280 Speaker 1: but in twenty fifteen it's split into two separate companies, 4 00:00:11,440 --> 00:00:15,400 Speaker 1: Heulett Packard Enterprises and HP Inc. Recently, at the Economic 5 00:00:15,440 --> 00:00:18,560 Speaker 1: Club of Washington, I sat down with Enrique Loris to 6 00:00:18,560 --> 00:00:21,320 Speaker 1: talk about how he's led the successful personal computer and 7 00:00:21,400 --> 00:00:29,240 Speaker 1: printing company following the split. So which company is better, 8 00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:34,600 Speaker 1: Hewlett Packard Enterprises or HP Inc. 9 00:00:34,960 --> 00:00:37,800 Speaker 2: So, as you can imagine, I have a very unbiassed view, 10 00:00:38,880 --> 00:00:41,680 Speaker 2: and I have say, of course, HP Inc. Is not 11 00:00:41,720 --> 00:00:44,160 Speaker 2: only that we do printers and PCs. 12 00:00:44,400 --> 00:00:45,440 Speaker 3: We think we. 13 00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:48,680 Speaker 2: Are the company that can enable a more flexible way 14 00:00:48,720 --> 00:00:52,600 Speaker 2: of working, to make employees productive, to make employees engaged, 15 00:00:52,960 --> 00:00:54,160 Speaker 2: and this is what we stand for. 16 00:00:54,840 --> 00:00:59,400 Speaker 1: So, but their main business is today is computers and 17 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:03,080 Speaker 1: so much and printers that their main businesses. Right, So 18 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:06,759 Speaker 1: I can tell from your accent you're not from Baltimore 19 00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:07,919 Speaker 1: or Washington, DCA. 20 00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:09,520 Speaker 4: Where did you grow up? 21 00:01:10,040 --> 00:01:11,520 Speaker 3: I can't say you're very astute. 22 00:01:12,040 --> 00:01:15,800 Speaker 2: So you're really detecting that I'm not from the US 23 00:01:15,959 --> 00:01:17,200 Speaker 2: is very difficult, I know. 24 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:19,440 Speaker 3: But yeah, originally from Spain. 25 00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:21,040 Speaker 4: I okay, so you grew up in Spain. 26 00:01:21,160 --> 00:01:22,040 Speaker 3: I grew up in Spain. 27 00:01:22,440 --> 00:01:26,160 Speaker 1: Now, how many companies in Silicon Valley are run by 28 00:01:26,160 --> 00:01:27,360 Speaker 1: people who were born in Spain? 29 00:01:28,319 --> 00:01:32,559 Speaker 4: One one? So all right, so you're born in Spain. 30 00:01:32,560 --> 00:01:34,560 Speaker 1: Did you say I want to run HP someday or 31 00:01:34,600 --> 00:01:37,000 Speaker 1: what it was your aspiration as a young boy in Spain. 32 00:01:37,520 --> 00:01:40,360 Speaker 2: No, it was not my inspiration to tufront a company 33 00:01:40,520 --> 00:01:44,720 Speaker 2: like HP. I joined HP as an intern in nineteen 34 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:47,200 Speaker 2: eighty nine, so I have worked for the company for 35 00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:50,480 Speaker 2: a very long time. When I was studying, there was 36 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:53,040 Speaker 2: a group of HP engineers that came to my university 37 00:01:53,080 --> 00:01:57,120 Speaker 2: in Spain, in Valencia, and they explain what it took 38 00:01:57,160 --> 00:01:59,520 Speaker 2: to develop a printer, was where it was when printers 39 00:01:59,560 --> 00:02:03,080 Speaker 2: were starting to be created, and I was amazed by 40 00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:06,800 Speaker 2: both the technology complexity but also by the passion these 41 00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:09,560 Speaker 2: people showed about the printer, And in fact, I was thinking, 42 00:02:09,880 --> 00:02:13,600 Speaker 2: how can someone feel passion for something so strange. 43 00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:16,399 Speaker 3: I have to say though, that thirty. 44 00:02:16,160 --> 00:02:19,480 Speaker 2: Four years later, I have more passion for printers than 45 00:02:19,520 --> 00:02:21,920 Speaker 2: these people had. So I have learned and I have 46 00:02:22,040 --> 00:02:23,760 Speaker 2: been converted to the religion. 47 00:02:23,880 --> 00:02:26,680 Speaker 1: Okay, so you went to college in Spain and you 48 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:29,799 Speaker 1: got an MBA or an engineering degree. 49 00:02:29,880 --> 00:02:31,480 Speaker 3: I got an engineering degree first. 50 00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:35,440 Speaker 1: Okay, so you're electrical engineer. You moved to Slicon Valley. 51 00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:36,040 Speaker 1: Where'd you move to? 52 00:02:36,360 --> 00:02:36,400 Speaker 3: No? 53 00:02:36,520 --> 00:02:40,160 Speaker 2: Actually, the full story was I got this opportunity to 54 00:02:40,200 --> 00:02:43,040 Speaker 2: work as an interne in HP, and it was I 55 00:02:43,080 --> 00:02:45,799 Speaker 2: had the opportunity to go to San Diego. So we 56 00:02:46,400 --> 00:02:49,200 Speaker 2: went to San Diego for the summer, and when the 57 00:02:49,240 --> 00:02:53,200 Speaker 2: internship was finishing, HP was opening an Rande Center in 58 00:02:53,240 --> 00:02:56,360 Speaker 2: Spain in Barcelona. So they told me, you're from Spain, 59 00:02:56,520 --> 00:02:59,320 Speaker 2: we are creating this new Errandi center you might be 60 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:03,239 Speaker 2: interested in And I said that at point, yea, maybe 61 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:05,080 Speaker 2: for a couple of years, because we were living a 62 00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:08,840 Speaker 2: different city, and in Spain you don't change cities. 63 00:03:08,440 --> 00:03:09,239 Speaker 3: You grew up in. 64 00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:11,080 Speaker 2: You are born in one place, you go to school 65 00:03:11,080 --> 00:03:13,640 Speaker 2: in one place, and you build you live all your 66 00:03:13,680 --> 00:03:16,000 Speaker 2: life there. So we said, oh, for a couple of years, 67 00:03:16,080 --> 00:03:19,399 Speaker 2: would be nice to go to Barcelona. Thirty five years 68 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:23,400 Speaker 2: later we never came back. We went to Barcelona. Sometime 69 00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:25,440 Speaker 2: later we came to the US and here. 70 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:27,519 Speaker 1: We How long did it take after the split occurred 71 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:29,480 Speaker 1: in twenty fifteen for you to become the CEO. 72 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:31,840 Speaker 4: What were you doing before he became COO? 73 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:36,160 Speaker 2: Before I became CEO, I led the separation of the company. 74 00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:40,160 Speaker 2: So when Meg, or the CEO, decided to split the company, 75 00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:43,280 Speaker 2: we created what we called a separation office and there 76 00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:46,360 Speaker 2: were two leaders, one from HPE and the other one 77 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:48,360 Speaker 2: for Hilopap Enterprise, one for HPING. 78 00:03:48,720 --> 00:03:50,760 Speaker 3: I led a separation from my side. 79 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:54,640 Speaker 2: In fact, when I was asked to lead a separation, 80 00:03:55,520 --> 00:03:57,680 Speaker 2: my immediate response was no, I don't want to do that. 81 00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:00,880 Speaker 2: And then Meg, that was make Witnan, that was a 82 00:04:00,960 --> 00:04:03,800 Speaker 2: CEO at that point. After a few days, a weekend, 83 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:05,320 Speaker 2: she called me home and said, and Rica, I need 84 00:04:05,360 --> 00:04:07,600 Speaker 2: to talk to you. So I went to her home 85 00:04:07,840 --> 00:04:10,320 Speaker 2: and she said, I know you don't want to do that. 86 00:04:10,520 --> 00:04:13,000 Speaker 2: This is the opportunity of your career. You're going to 87 00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:16,120 Speaker 2: learn things you will never forget. You should be taking 88 00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:19,000 Speaker 2: different and when the CEO calls you to her home 89 00:04:19,240 --> 00:04:22,279 Speaker 2: on a weekend, you know that is only one answer. Okay, 90 00:04:22,360 --> 00:04:25,320 Speaker 2: it was yes, I will do it. And I have 91 00:04:25,400 --> 00:04:26,920 Speaker 2: to say I learned a lot. 92 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:30,560 Speaker 1: So what was the theory, the business theory behind why 93 00:04:30,680 --> 00:04:33,560 Speaker 1: sputting up Hulett Packard a very successful company in the 94 00:04:33,600 --> 00:04:34,599 Speaker 1: two separate companies. 95 00:04:34,600 --> 00:04:36,400 Speaker 4: Why was that going to be such a great idea? 96 00:04:36,839 --> 00:04:40,360 Speaker 2: I think the main theory, which at least in our case, 97 00:04:40,400 --> 00:04:42,800 Speaker 2: have proven to be true, was focus. 98 00:04:43,880 --> 00:04:45,240 Speaker 3: HP was a very big company. 99 00:04:45,240 --> 00:04:48,960 Speaker 2: We were selling from printers to service data centers, all 100 00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:52,119 Speaker 2: sorts of technology products, and the theory that the board 101 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:54,680 Speaker 2: had at that point was that focus was very important. 102 00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:58,240 Speaker 2: Each market was moving in a different direction, we were 103 00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:01,359 Speaker 2: competing with different companies, so being focus, being able to 104 00:05:01,400 --> 00:05:04,359 Speaker 2: invest in our segments was the critical thing, and in 105 00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:05,800 Speaker 2: our case has proven to be right. 106 00:05:05,839 --> 00:05:08,120 Speaker 1: So when a company is split occurr in twenty fifteen, 107 00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:12,320 Speaker 1: many people thought that Hewlett Packard Enterprises, which was in 108 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:15,920 Speaker 1: the sexual area of software and services, would. 109 00:05:15,680 --> 00:05:17,040 Speaker 4: Become more valuable. 110 00:05:17,240 --> 00:05:19,480 Speaker 1: But actually your company is now has a higher market 111 00:05:19,560 --> 00:05:22,359 Speaker 1: capitalisation than Helot Packard Enterprises. 112 00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:24,839 Speaker 4: Is that make you sad or happy? 113 00:05:25,960 --> 00:05:30,440 Speaker 2: I only I'm only concerned about what happens with our company. 114 00:05:30,560 --> 00:05:33,640 Speaker 2: And as I said, the separation has been good for us. 115 00:05:34,200 --> 00:05:37,680 Speaker 2: We have proven that we can create value to two shareholders. 116 00:05:38,120 --> 00:05:41,240 Speaker 2: Our ts are in the last seven years has been 117 00:05:41,279 --> 00:05:44,760 Speaker 2: two hundred percent, significantly higher than the average of the market. 118 00:05:45,080 --> 00:05:47,760 Speaker 2: So we have done well and what is more important. 119 00:05:48,120 --> 00:05:51,480 Speaker 2: We have a lot of opportunities and ideas of how 120 00:05:51,480 --> 00:05:53,160 Speaker 2: to continue to make the company better. 121 00:05:53,240 --> 00:05:58,520 Speaker 1: You compete against I guess Dell and Lenovo and also Apple. 122 00:05:58,600 --> 00:06:02,000 Speaker 1: I assume which of your which o those companies makes 123 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:06,200 Speaker 1: the best personal computer? What you say really and is 124 00:06:06,279 --> 00:06:08,440 Speaker 1: what makes your computer better? Why should I want to 125 00:06:08,440 --> 00:06:10,839 Speaker 1: buy yours over somebody else? Aren't they all really pretty 126 00:06:10,880 --> 00:06:11,880 Speaker 1: much the same? At this point? 127 00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:16,560 Speaker 2: I think there are three big differentiations for our products, 128 00:06:16,680 --> 00:06:18,039 Speaker 2: especially in the piece space. 129 00:06:18,480 --> 00:06:19,640 Speaker 3: One is security. 130 00:06:20,080 --> 00:06:23,800 Speaker 2: Cyber security is every time more important, and we build 131 00:06:23,839 --> 00:06:27,400 Speaker 2: both software and hardware in our PCs to make them 132 00:06:27,400 --> 00:06:33,479 Speaker 2: more secure. Second big differentiation is industrial design. We have 133 00:06:33,600 --> 00:06:36,559 Speaker 2: made a big effort to make our preces the best 134 00:06:36,560 --> 00:06:39,240 Speaker 2: looking pieces, the most attractive, and the ones that have 135 00:06:39,880 --> 00:06:44,039 Speaker 2: the better use model. And finally is sustainability. We think 136 00:06:44,080 --> 00:06:47,320 Speaker 2: that sustainability is really important and we use in our 137 00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:52,440 Speaker 2: PCs all type of materials that are environmentally friendly, from 138 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:56,000 Speaker 2: plastic that we get from the oceans, to coffee beans 139 00:06:56,040 --> 00:06:58,839 Speaker 2: to You can look at our portfolio and see any. 140 00:06:58,960 --> 00:07:01,320 Speaker 1: Type of matiityre do you sell them? And you don't 141 00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:03,520 Speaker 1: have HP stores the way Apple has stores, So where 142 00:07:03,520 --> 00:07:04,680 Speaker 1: do you sell your computers. 143 00:07:05,200 --> 00:07:08,600 Speaker 2: It actually depends country by country. In the US, for example, 144 00:07:08,720 --> 00:07:11,840 Speaker 2: we sell online on HP dot com or on Amazon. 145 00:07:12,400 --> 00:07:16,320 Speaker 2: You can buy our products in any large consumer electronics 146 00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:20,720 Speaker 2: retailer like Best Buy. But also for commercial customers, we 147 00:07:20,800 --> 00:07:24,200 Speaker 2: have a big network of free sellers, commercial resellers that 148 00:07:24,280 --> 00:07:27,280 Speaker 2: will sell our product and for our top customers, we 149 00:07:27,360 --> 00:07:30,360 Speaker 2: have a dairy Excel force. In other countries, we have 150 00:07:30,600 --> 00:07:33,240 Speaker 2: our own stores you do. For example, in India, we have 151 00:07:33,320 --> 00:07:36,520 Speaker 2: more than five hundred stores that really we use. 152 00:07:37,680 --> 00:07:40,120 Speaker 4: India rate five hundred stores and the US rates non. 153 00:07:40,880 --> 00:07:44,119 Speaker 2: Because of the structure of the distribution and retail model 154 00:07:44,360 --> 00:07:47,920 Speaker 2: in India, there is not an electronic retail network in 155 00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:50,120 Speaker 2: many of the cities, so we had to build our 156 00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:53,320 Speaker 2: own to be able to really reach consumers anywhere in 157 00:07:53,320 --> 00:07:56,200 Speaker 2: the country. And we continue to expand because we see 158 00:07:56,200 --> 00:07:58,080 Speaker 2: continue to see a big opportunity. 159 00:07:58,320 --> 00:08:01,280 Speaker 1: So pose I buy one of your computers and then you, lady, 160 00:08:01,280 --> 00:08:03,480 Speaker 1: you have another model. Can I trade it in and 161 00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:05,240 Speaker 1: get a discount Like a car, I can trade them 162 00:08:05,240 --> 00:08:06,040 Speaker 1: when I buy a new car. 163 00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:08,240 Speaker 4: Don't you don't have trade ends or anything. 164 00:08:08,040 --> 00:08:09,960 Speaker 3: Like that today today we don't. 165 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:13,040 Speaker 2: But this is one of the businesses that we're starting 166 00:08:13,040 --> 00:08:17,320 Speaker 2: to develop, both because we see we can really help 167 00:08:17,360 --> 00:08:21,200 Speaker 2: customers to always stay on the latest technology, but also 168 00:08:21,240 --> 00:08:25,440 Speaker 2: because from a sustainability perspective, recycling and refurbishing is a 169 00:08:25,520 --> 00:08:27,320 Speaker 2: very important thing to do. So we are going to 170 00:08:27,400 --> 00:08:29,400 Speaker 2: be building that model at scale. 171 00:08:29,520 --> 00:08:33,280 Speaker 4: Right, So where are your computers manufactured today? 172 00:08:33,400 --> 00:08:35,600 Speaker 3: Majority are still produced in China. 173 00:08:35,800 --> 00:08:36,359 Speaker 4: China? 174 00:08:36,440 --> 00:08:38,319 Speaker 1: And are you worried about somebody putting a chip in 175 00:08:38,360 --> 00:08:40,959 Speaker 1: the air that can enable the Chinese government to listen 176 00:08:40,960 --> 00:08:41,600 Speaker 1: to what you're doing? 177 00:08:41,679 --> 00:08:43,600 Speaker 4: Is you're worried about that? Or should I worry about that? 178 00:08:44,040 --> 00:08:46,960 Speaker 2: You should not worry about that, because we worry about that, okay. 179 00:08:47,080 --> 00:08:47,839 Speaker 3: And what we. 180 00:08:47,880 --> 00:08:50,440 Speaker 2: Have built is what we call a secure supply chain 181 00:08:50,880 --> 00:08:54,959 Speaker 2: through so across every step of the manufacturing process, we 182 00:08:55,080 --> 00:08:59,520 Speaker 2: control anything that is inside of our printers, inside the chiefs, 183 00:08:59,559 --> 00:09:02,240 Speaker 2: inside the sover to make sure that the printers, the 184 00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:03,560 Speaker 2: PCs are the printers as we are. 185 00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:06,160 Speaker 1: You're worried about being too dependent on China for your 186 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:09,439 Speaker 1: manufacturing because there could be us problems with China. 187 00:09:09,440 --> 00:09:12,040 Speaker 4: Who knows what can happen? Why not diversify? 188 00:09:12,880 --> 00:09:17,640 Speaker 2: Actually we are diversifying. We realized and learned painfully during 189 00:09:17,679 --> 00:09:22,160 Speaker 2: Covid as many other companies, that depending on a specific 190 00:09:22,240 --> 00:09:26,480 Speaker 2: territory or having too much dependency was too risky, and 191 00:09:26,520 --> 00:09:30,840 Speaker 2: that the what we had done over many years of 192 00:09:30,880 --> 00:09:34,520 Speaker 2: really pushing for a cost and therefore concentrated non manufacturing 193 00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:39,040 Speaker 2: in one place created some the issues from a resiliency perspective. 194 00:09:39,440 --> 00:09:43,319 Speaker 2: So since then we have been diversifying to increase resiliency. 195 00:09:43,640 --> 00:09:46,120 Speaker 2: And this is a process that we embarked a few 196 00:09:46,200 --> 00:09:47,720 Speaker 2: years ago that is going to take some time, but 197 00:09:47,800 --> 00:09:49,120 Speaker 2: clearly we are doing that. 198 00:09:49,160 --> 00:09:51,800 Speaker 1: But the key is the semiconductors of the chips and 199 00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:54,000 Speaker 1: where are the chips made in China or the made 200 00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:55,239 Speaker 1: in Taiwan or US. 201 00:09:55,040 --> 00:09:59,439 Speaker 2: Or majority today are still built in Taiwan. We are 202 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:02,040 Speaker 2: working with all the key chip providers to make sure 203 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:06,040 Speaker 2: we diversify with the location. And this is why, for example, 204 00:10:06,120 --> 00:10:08,560 Speaker 2: last year we were very supportive of the Chips Act 205 00:10:08,920 --> 00:10:13,040 Speaker 2: because getting government funds to accelerate the change, we think 206 00:10:13,160 --> 00:10:13,840 Speaker 2: is very important. 207 00:10:13,920 --> 00:10:16,480 Speaker 1: So when you're at your home and you're working on 208 00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:18,880 Speaker 1: a computer, do you ever use the opposition or the 209 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:20,840 Speaker 1: competitors to see what they're doing or you only can 210 00:10:20,920 --> 00:10:21,400 Speaker 1: use HP. 211 00:10:22,280 --> 00:10:25,640 Speaker 2: I use both, as you can guess I have lots 212 00:10:25,640 --> 00:10:28,760 Speaker 2: of hppcs at home because every time there is something new, 213 00:10:28,800 --> 00:10:33,640 Speaker 2: the team was me to train and sometimes they don't 214 00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:35,760 Speaker 2: like it because I find things they didn't like me 215 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:38,320 Speaker 2: to find. So I give a lot of feedback, but 216 00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:41,360 Speaker 2: of course I test also the latest innovation from our 217 00:10:41,400 --> 00:10:43,600 Speaker 2: competitors to make sure I understand. 218 00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:46,520 Speaker 1: You work at your competitors computers and say why don't 219 00:10:46,559 --> 00:10:46,920 Speaker 1: we have this? 220 00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:48,360 Speaker 4: And can't we don't have that? 221 00:10:48,679 --> 00:10:50,480 Speaker 3: You ever ask yes, and the team hated it? 222 00:10:52,160 --> 00:10:55,680 Speaker 1: And how do you protect against hacking? And how do 223 00:10:55,720 --> 00:10:58,720 Speaker 1: you kind of give your people who are customers warning 224 00:10:58,720 --> 00:11:00,920 Speaker 1: about what they're going to say if a hacker is 225 00:11:00,920 --> 00:11:01,360 Speaker 1: coming in. 226 00:11:02,320 --> 00:11:04,319 Speaker 3: What we have done is we. 227 00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:08,800 Speaker 2: Have developed both software and hardware to protect our pieces. 228 00:11:09,200 --> 00:11:12,680 Speaker 2: For example, in any of our commercial pieces, we have 229 00:11:12,760 --> 00:11:17,360 Speaker 2: achieved embedded in the board that detects if the BIOS 230 00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:19,839 Speaker 2: has been modified. The BIOS is kind of the brain 231 00:11:19,880 --> 00:11:22,080 Speaker 2: of the PC, so we can detect if there has 232 00:11:22,120 --> 00:11:24,719 Speaker 2: been any intrusion in the BIOS and if we detect that, 233 00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:27,640 Speaker 2: we can restore it to the regional level. This is 234 00:11:27,679 --> 00:11:30,679 Speaker 2: a unique technology that HP has that really helps to 235 00:11:31,120 --> 00:11:35,199 Speaker 2: protect our pieces, and we have many other software developments 236 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:37,040 Speaker 2: in other layers to do similar things. 237 00:11:37,160 --> 00:11:39,760 Speaker 4: You make servers as well, No, we only do pieces. 238 00:11:40,200 --> 00:11:42,840 Speaker 2: We do workstations, which is a very high end type 239 00:11:42,880 --> 00:11:44,400 Speaker 2: of PC, but we don't do servers. 240 00:11:44,800 --> 00:11:49,440 Speaker 1: You make cartridges, right, and the printers. So on printers, 241 00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:52,880 Speaker 1: it's one printer really different than another from your competitors. 242 00:11:53,360 --> 00:11:55,000 Speaker 1: Aren't all the printers pretty much the same? 243 00:11:56,679 --> 00:11:58,000 Speaker 3: Printers are fairly different. 244 00:11:58,040 --> 00:12:00,920 Speaker 2: In fact, there is more difference print to printer than 245 00:12:00,920 --> 00:12:04,400 Speaker 2: PC to PC because printers are a totally integrated business. 246 00:12:04,679 --> 00:12:07,280 Speaker 2: So we develop the printer, we develop the ink, we 247 00:12:07,400 --> 00:12:11,520 Speaker 2: develop the cartridge. Is a much more vertically integrated model 248 00:12:11,559 --> 00:12:12,920 Speaker 2: that dries more differentiation. 249 00:12:13,080 --> 00:12:15,560 Speaker 1: Is the printing business a growth business because people now 250 00:12:16,160 --> 00:12:18,840 Speaker 1: printing stuff as much, they're just sending it by email 251 00:12:19,080 --> 00:12:22,200 Speaker 1: or computer digital means to other people. So is printing 252 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:25,320 Speaker 1: a growth business or it's kind of a shrinking business. 253 00:12:25,360 --> 00:12:28,040 Speaker 3: In printing, there are three very different segments. 254 00:12:28,520 --> 00:12:31,240 Speaker 2: There is what we call home printing, so printers you 255 00:12:31,280 --> 00:12:34,240 Speaker 2: will buy to use at home, to print photos or 256 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:37,199 Speaker 2: to print email. This is clearly a not growing business. 257 00:12:37,720 --> 00:12:41,240 Speaker 2: Then we have an office segment people copiers printers that 258 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:43,280 Speaker 2: you will do in the you will use in the office. 259 00:12:43,640 --> 00:12:46,679 Speaker 2: That's a market that is table is declining in more 260 00:12:46,720 --> 00:12:50,000 Speaker 2: developed countries, is growing in emerging countries. And then we 261 00:12:50,080 --> 00:12:54,680 Speaker 2: have a third segment, which is industrial printing. Industrial printing 262 00:12:54,720 --> 00:12:59,600 Speaker 2: means printing labels, packaging, this type of and this is 263 00:12:59,640 --> 00:13:00,720 Speaker 2: a significantly go. 264 00:13:00,920 --> 00:13:04,440 Speaker 1: I actually do have an HP printery good, but the 265 00:13:04,480 --> 00:13:06,719 Speaker 1: cartridge is always running out. I'm running out of ink 266 00:13:06,760 --> 00:13:10,560 Speaker 1: all the time. So is that a problem? How do 267 00:13:10,600 --> 00:13:12,960 Speaker 1: I how do I know where my ink is going 268 00:13:13,040 --> 00:13:15,000 Speaker 1: to be out and right in the middle of printing something. 269 00:13:15,320 --> 00:13:18,840 Speaker 1: Is that a big problem that you guys have, which 270 00:13:18,880 --> 00:13:19,520 Speaker 1: I do about it. 271 00:13:19,679 --> 00:13:23,239 Speaker 2: When we talk to customers, they always have two concerns 272 00:13:23,240 --> 00:13:26,880 Speaker 2: about printing. One is what Jja said, I want to 273 00:13:26,920 --> 00:13:30,600 Speaker 2: print my kid has finished homework. I need to print homework. 274 00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:33,160 Speaker 2: The print is not working because the cartridge is not working. 275 00:13:33,840 --> 00:13:37,199 Speaker 2: Second complaint that we have is printing is expensive. I 276 00:13:37,280 --> 00:13:40,920 Speaker 2: really hate paying fifty dollars forty five dollars fifty five 277 00:13:40,960 --> 00:13:43,840 Speaker 2: dollars for the cartridge. And we have a solution for that. 278 00:13:44,200 --> 00:13:48,079 Speaker 2: We have created a subscription model where we monitor the 279 00:13:48,120 --> 00:13:50,200 Speaker 2: amount of ink that is being used in the printer. 280 00:13:50,679 --> 00:13:53,440 Speaker 2: Customers pays for the number of pages the print per 281 00:13:53,480 --> 00:13:56,800 Speaker 2: month and before the printer runs out of ink, we 282 00:13:56,920 --> 00:14:00,280 Speaker 2: send a new cartridge to customers and by doing that, 283 00:14:00,640 --> 00:14:03,760 Speaker 2: depending on your volume, you can save up to seventy 284 00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:07,120 Speaker 2: percent of I mean, you print seventy percent cheaper. 285 00:14:07,320 --> 00:14:10,320 Speaker 4: What are you doing about carbon and your global footprint? 286 00:14:10,440 --> 00:14:12,680 Speaker 2: We have an aggressive plan to reduce that to be 287 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:16,600 Speaker 2: carborn by twenty thirty and we are working in the 288 00:14:16,640 --> 00:14:19,240 Speaker 2: areas of the company where we have more impact. Because 289 00:14:19,280 --> 00:14:21,600 Speaker 2: of the products that we build, we use alls of plastic, 290 00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:26,560 Speaker 2: so we have an important initiative to use a recycled 291 00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:30,080 Speaker 2: plastic in any of our products. We are also I 292 00:14:30,160 --> 00:14:33,280 Speaker 2: mentioned before, we are going to be changing business models 293 00:14:33,320 --> 00:14:36,880 Speaker 2: to move into referbised products. 294 00:14:36,920 --> 00:14:40,000 Speaker 3: So we live, we give to our products toward the lives. 295 00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:42,480 Speaker 2: And finally, and one of the things that I feel 296 00:14:42,560 --> 00:14:46,560 Speaker 2: most proud of in this space is people always associates 297 00:14:46,960 --> 00:14:51,680 Speaker 2: printing with paper, paper with trees, and therefore, if you print, 298 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:55,280 Speaker 2: you're doing something wrong for the environment. So what we 299 00:14:55,400 --> 00:14:58,760 Speaker 2: have is an initiative that we call forest positive printing. 300 00:14:59,120 --> 00:15:01,520 Speaker 2: So we look at the amount of print paper that 301 00:15:01,640 --> 00:15:04,600 Speaker 2: is used in our printers, if that paper is not 302 00:15:04,720 --> 00:15:08,400 Speaker 2: coming from recyclable forests, for forests that have been planted 303 00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:11,880 Speaker 2: to create paper. We plant trees and we have programs 304 00:15:11,960 --> 00:15:14,360 Speaker 2: of reforestation to compensate for that. 305 00:15:14,560 --> 00:15:19,200 Speaker 1: Silicon Valley companies are not famous for diversity, So what 306 00:15:19,240 --> 00:15:19,720 Speaker 1: do you do. 307 00:15:19,680 --> 00:15:20,280 Speaker 4: In that regard? 308 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:22,400 Speaker 1: You have a program that I'm sure you have some 309 00:15:22,400 --> 00:15:23,360 Speaker 1: fair amount of diversity. 310 00:15:23,440 --> 00:15:24,080 Speaker 3: We take it. 311 00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:28,040 Speaker 2: Extremely seriously and for example, my compensation and the compensation 312 00:15:28,200 --> 00:15:32,120 Speaker 2: of my direct team is dependent on the progress that 313 00:15:32,160 --> 00:15:33,160 Speaker 2: we make on diversity. 314 00:15:33,280 --> 00:15:35,000 Speaker 1: Also, I want to buy a computer, but I want 315 00:15:35,800 --> 00:15:37,840 Speaker 1: I want to have AI in my computer. I want 316 00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:40,240 Speaker 1: to be really up to date. Do you have AI 317 00:15:40,360 --> 00:15:41,320 Speaker 1: and your computers yet? 318 00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:45,920 Speaker 2: Not yet, but it is coming soon and we think 319 00:15:45,960 --> 00:15:48,680 Speaker 2: this is going to be one of the largest transformations 320 00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:52,920 Speaker 2: in the PC industry in decades. What will be possible 321 00:15:53,040 --> 00:15:59,200 Speaker 2: starting this summer is to run large language models in AIPCS, 322 00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:02,680 Speaker 2: which means that what today all of us are doing 323 00:16:02,760 --> 00:16:05,040 Speaker 2: in the cloud, where you use any of the applications 324 00:16:05,080 --> 00:16:07,720 Speaker 2: that you can, you will be able to do it locally. 325 00:16:08,200 --> 00:16:10,120 Speaker 2: And what this means, which is why we think this 326 00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:13,280 Speaker 2: is important, is it will be much better from a 327 00:16:13,440 --> 00:16:17,080 Speaker 2: cost perspective, because running models in the cloud is expensive. 328 00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:20,720 Speaker 2: It will be better from a security perspective because you 329 00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:23,120 Speaker 2: will be able to use the model with your own 330 00:16:23,200 --> 00:16:26,520 Speaker 2: data locally without having to upload your data to the cloud, 331 00:16:26,800 --> 00:16:29,080 Speaker 2: and you will be able to do it anywhere in 332 00:16:29,160 --> 00:16:32,680 Speaker 2: the world. And also for applications where speed is important, 333 00:16:32,720 --> 00:16:35,400 Speaker 2: where latency is important, you will be able to do 334 00:16:35,440 --> 00:16:38,320 Speaker 2: it locally much faster. For example, in gaming, where you 335 00:16:38,400 --> 00:16:41,760 Speaker 2: are where the game needs any resource the computer have, 336 00:16:42,240 --> 00:16:43,920 Speaker 2: it will be a much better model. So it's going 337 00:16:43,960 --> 00:16:46,520 Speaker 2: to be a big change starting this summer at the 338 00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:50,640 Speaker 2: same price too, slightly higher price, but if we look 339 00:16:50,680 --> 00:16:53,360 Speaker 2: at the increase of price versus the increase of value, 340 00:16:53,680 --> 00:16:54,720 Speaker 2: not comparable. 341 00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:55,440 Speaker 4: With one of your competitors. 342 00:16:55,560 --> 00:16:57,960 Speaker 1: Apple has recently come out with a product that is 343 00:16:58,000 --> 00:16:59,440 Speaker 1: they called spatial computer. 344 00:17:00,160 --> 00:17:02,800 Speaker 2: It's like a virtual reality. Do you have that kind 345 00:17:02,840 --> 00:17:06,359 Speaker 2: of product yet, And we have had a similar product 346 00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:09,760 Speaker 2: for some time. Focus on two spaces. One was gaming, 347 00:17:10,200 --> 00:17:13,320 Speaker 2: one was in some commercial usance. And we think that 348 00:17:13,520 --> 00:17:16,879 Speaker 2: over time this category is going to grow. But what 349 00:17:17,040 --> 00:17:20,359 Speaker 2: we really think is that computing is going to become 350 00:17:20,800 --> 00:17:24,320 Speaker 2: we call it immersive. That today we interact with computers 351 00:17:24,400 --> 00:17:26,719 Speaker 2: through a screen or through a keyboard, more and more 352 00:17:26,800 --> 00:17:29,359 Speaker 2: we are going to interact with our full body, with 353 00:17:29,920 --> 00:17:32,800 Speaker 2: our gestures, with and this is the trend that we 354 00:17:32,920 --> 00:17:36,119 Speaker 2: are we are pushing for. You will see this in 355 00:17:36,280 --> 00:17:38,960 Speaker 2: some models like what Apple has done. There are also 356 00:17:39,240 --> 00:17:42,320 Speaker 2: very interesting concepts where you interact with holograms and we 357 00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:46,120 Speaker 2: are really exploring a multitude of different things which one 358 00:17:46,160 --> 00:17:48,200 Speaker 2: will win. At this point it is difficult to see, 359 00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:50,159 Speaker 2: but clearly immersive is the future. 360 00:17:50,320 --> 00:17:52,199 Speaker 1: Or somebody comes and says, look, I don't really care 361 00:17:52,240 --> 00:17:55,159 Speaker 1: about price. I'm not price sensitive. Sell me whatever you got, 362 00:17:55,200 --> 00:17:57,080 Speaker 1: give me your best stuff. I mean, what's somebody going 363 00:17:57,119 --> 00:17:59,080 Speaker 1: to spend that five thousand dollars or something for. 364 00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:02,679 Speaker 2: A con five thousand dollars? So we have products at 365 00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:06,120 Speaker 2: five thousand dollars for a business customer. If you want 366 00:18:06,160 --> 00:18:09,159 Speaker 2: to buy the top of the line workstation with the 367 00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:13,399 Speaker 2: top of the line processor ten fifteen thousand dollars. 368 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:14,200 Speaker 4: Wow. 369 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:16,840 Speaker 1: So if somebody goes into your stores in India and 370 00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:19,040 Speaker 1: they spent five thousand for a personal computer, that they 371 00:18:19,119 --> 00:18:21,080 Speaker 1: call you up and side. We just sold somebody a 372 00:18:21,119 --> 00:18:23,200 Speaker 1: five thousand dollars personal computer. They don't call you about 373 00:18:23,240 --> 00:18:24,480 Speaker 1: that since you mentioned it. 374 00:18:24,960 --> 00:18:28,200 Speaker 2: This summer we were in India, so I decided to 375 00:18:28,280 --> 00:18:30,399 Speaker 2: go to some of our stores without telling them who 376 00:18:30,480 --> 00:18:32,480 Speaker 2: I was, so you should see the faces. 377 00:18:32,560 --> 00:18:34,760 Speaker 3: When I went to the store, they look at me. 378 00:18:35,520 --> 00:18:38,200 Speaker 2: I asked them about what products they were selling, and 379 00:18:38,240 --> 00:18:39,560 Speaker 2: at some point I said, well, you know, I'm the 380 00:18:39,600 --> 00:18:42,639 Speaker 2: sea of the company, and they became white. 381 00:18:44,640 --> 00:18:46,040 Speaker 3: First war Like they didn't believe it. 382 00:18:46,119 --> 00:18:48,400 Speaker 4: They didn't believe it, or after a while. 383 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:50,560 Speaker 3: They believed it, but some of them look at the 384 00:18:50,640 --> 00:18:51,720 Speaker 3: web to make sure it was me. 385 00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:55,479 Speaker 1: Okay, why should somebody want to join Hula Packard as 386 00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:57,840 Speaker 1: an employee? Why is it better than working at Apple 387 00:18:58,000 --> 00:18:59,760 Speaker 1: or one of the other competitors that you might have. 388 00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:05,280 Speaker 2: So when when Ivy CEO, we define four objectives for 389 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:08,800 Speaker 2: the company and one of the four objectives is to 390 00:19:09,119 --> 00:19:13,119 Speaker 2: become a school of talent. And our value proposition to 391 00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:16,400 Speaker 2: employees is that they can join the company, they will 392 00:19:16,520 --> 00:19:21,399 Speaker 2: learn their job, they will be able to experience multiple businesses, 393 00:19:21,560 --> 00:19:24,600 Speaker 2: multiple functions if they want. They can live in multiple 394 00:19:24,640 --> 00:19:27,280 Speaker 2: countries just because of the presence that we have. So 395 00:19:27,440 --> 00:19:31,200 Speaker 2: we really focus on employee development as the key value proposition, 396 00:19:31,600 --> 00:19:34,200 Speaker 2: to the point that we say when someone leaves, we 397 00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:39,000 Speaker 2: celebrate the graduation because really that person has learned from 398 00:19:39,119 --> 00:19:42,080 Speaker 2: us and has developed. And this also gives us opportunity 399 00:19:42,119 --> 00:19:44,920 Speaker 2: to bring someone new, to bring someone younger, to continue 400 00:19:44,960 --> 00:19:45,399 Speaker 2: to reference. 401 00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:47,960 Speaker 3: So that's one of the key values that we have. 402 00:19:48,200 --> 00:19:51,080 Speaker 1: So if somebody wants to work at a company like yours, 403 00:19:51,800 --> 00:19:53,440 Speaker 1: what's the best way to get a job? You get 404 00:19:53,520 --> 00:19:56,080 Speaker 1: an engineering degree from a good school or not a 405 00:19:56,119 --> 00:19:58,200 Speaker 1: good school. Is being an engineer is the best way? 406 00:19:58,840 --> 00:20:02,520 Speaker 2: I think there are multiple Always clearly there are a 407 00:20:02,560 --> 00:20:06,040 Speaker 2: lot of engineers in the company, So studying engineering and 408 00:20:06,160 --> 00:20:10,000 Speaker 2: graduating from a good school is important. But we hire 409 00:20:10,160 --> 00:20:14,040 Speaker 2: people that graduate from marketing. We graduate people from law schools. 410 00:20:14,359 --> 00:20:17,080 Speaker 2: I mean, we are a very large company that has 411 00:20:17,840 --> 00:20:19,959 Speaker 2: any function that you can think of in the company, 412 00:20:20,040 --> 00:20:21,640 Speaker 2: So we have lots of people. 413 00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:25,040 Speaker 1: The average person you hire do'es he or she lasts 414 00:20:25,440 --> 00:20:26,880 Speaker 1: one year or two years, five years? 415 00:20:26,920 --> 00:20:28,200 Speaker 4: How long are your average people? 416 00:20:28,760 --> 00:20:29,240 Speaker 3: In general? 417 00:20:29,359 --> 00:20:32,159 Speaker 2: We are a company with long tenure. I mean I 418 00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:34,240 Speaker 2: said before I've been more than thirty four years in 419 00:20:34,320 --> 00:20:37,359 Speaker 2: the company. You will find people that has been the 420 00:20:37,400 --> 00:20:38,440 Speaker 2: company for a long time. 421 00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:41,359 Speaker 1: Would you say that the computing business is one that 422 00:20:41,920 --> 00:20:46,040 Speaker 1: is likely to increase in value? Is more companies come in, 423 00:20:46,200 --> 00:20:49,600 Speaker 1: or computers become more sophisticated, or you think it's pretty 424 00:20:49,640 --> 00:20:52,480 Speaker 1: much a solid business, but not going to be a 425 00:20:52,600 --> 00:20:53,399 Speaker 1: high growth business. 426 00:20:54,280 --> 00:20:56,200 Speaker 3: It depends on what you mean by high growth. 427 00:20:56,480 --> 00:20:58,120 Speaker 2: Is a business that we think is going to grow 428 00:20:58,200 --> 00:21:00,800 Speaker 2: between two and four percent, but it is a four 429 00:21:00,880 --> 00:21:03,639 Speaker 2: hundred billion dollar business, so twocent of four hundred billion 430 00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:06,359 Speaker 2: is a lot of additional business every year in. 431 00:21:06,440 --> 00:21:10,040 Speaker 1: Your business today, would you say that your biggest problem 432 00:21:10,160 --> 00:21:16,359 Speaker 1: is what your biggest concern is? Competition, government, regulation, the economy. 433 00:21:16,760 --> 00:21:17,840 Speaker 4: What is your biggest concern? 434 00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:21,920 Speaker 2: I think one is all the geopolitical changes that we 435 00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:25,440 Speaker 2: are seeing. I think one we have had a very 436 00:21:25,560 --> 00:21:28,879 Speaker 2: stable environment for the last twenty years. It was very 437 00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:32,640 Speaker 2: clear how to manage the company to be successful. Things 438 00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:36,879 Speaker 2: have changed extremely fast and this is having significant impact 439 00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:40,720 Speaker 2: on our business. And the second is to make sure 440 00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:44,040 Speaker 2: that we stay in the lead. From an innovation perspective. 441 00:21:44,440 --> 00:21:49,520 Speaker 2: The pace where that technology is changing by is faster 442 00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:52,040 Speaker 2: than ever, so making sure that we are making the 443 00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:55,080 Speaker 2: right technology beds, that we hire the right people to 444 00:21:55,160 --> 00:21:56,280 Speaker 2: develop those technologies. 445 00:21:57,119 --> 00:21:58,080 Speaker 3: That's one of the challenges. 446 00:21:58,119 --> 00:22:01,119 Speaker 1: And today you get a lot of people coming to 447 00:22:01,119 --> 00:22:04,080 Speaker 1: here with great ideas what new businesses you should be in, 448 00:22:04,640 --> 00:22:06,800 Speaker 1: or you generate your own ideas of new businesses that 449 00:22:07,560 --> 00:22:10,560 Speaker 1: can expand your business space is both. 450 00:22:10,760 --> 00:22:14,880 Speaker 2: We have teams in the company that are constantly exploring 451 00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:20,120 Speaker 2: new ideas, but we also have a small venture fund 452 00:22:20,800 --> 00:22:23,800 Speaker 2: that looks what is being invented, what is being created 453 00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:25,520 Speaker 2: in startups, and then. 454 00:22:25,480 --> 00:22:26,560 Speaker 3: We invest on those. 455 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:30,720 Speaker 2: The innovation model has changed a lot in the last 456 00:22:30,760 --> 00:22:34,359 Speaker 2: thirty years. Thirty years ago, companies like US used to 457 00:22:34,480 --> 00:22:38,160 Speaker 2: have big central labs that were the ones creating new things. 458 00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:41,840 Speaker 2: The model is way more decentralized today and the combination 459 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:44,200 Speaker 2: of university startups. 460 00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:45,600 Speaker 3: Is really now driving the innovation. 461 00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:48,760 Speaker 2: So we need to be much more external focused than 462 00:22:48,800 --> 00:22:51,320 Speaker 2: we were before to continue to stay on the lead. 463 00:22:51,480 --> 00:22:54,119 Speaker 1: So what is the most important message you would like 464 00:22:54,160 --> 00:22:58,560 Speaker 1: to convey anybody watching here today about the personal computer 465 00:22:59,080 --> 00:23:02,280 Speaker 1: world is that it's a great thing for society and 466 00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:05,280 Speaker 1: that they should buy more personal computers. And what is 467 00:23:05,280 --> 00:23:08,080 Speaker 1: the most important thing you want to convey about HPA inc. 468 00:23:08,960 --> 00:23:14,439 Speaker 2: About HPS that is a company that really cares about 469 00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:19,359 Speaker 2: helping society. That we have a big opportunity to enable 470 00:23:19,800 --> 00:23:23,040 Speaker 2: our employees to be more productive, to be more engaged, 471 00:23:23,160 --> 00:23:26,000 Speaker 2: and that we see a lot of opportunities to innovate 472 00:23:26,280 --> 00:23:29,400 Speaker 2: to make it happen. And also that is a company 473 00:23:29,480 --> 00:23:33,040 Speaker 2: with very strong values and strong principles. Since the company 474 00:23:33,160 --> 00:23:36,760 Speaker 2: was funded in nineteen thirty eight, the Villa, and they've 475 00:23:36,840 --> 00:23:42,960 Speaker 2: defined before all the conversation about sustainability or diversity even existed. 476 00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:46,080 Speaker 2: They define the values of the company. They define that 477 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:50,959 Speaker 2: the company. Great companies create a lot of value for shareholders, 478 00:23:51,160 --> 00:23:53,639 Speaker 2: but also have a positive impact for our communities. 479 00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:55,680 Speaker 3: And since then we have been driving both. 480 00:23:57,040 --> 00:23:59,480 Speaker 1: Thanks for listening to hear more of my interviews. You 481 00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:03,680 Speaker 1: can subscribe and download my podcast on Spotify, Apple, or 482 00:24:03,720 --> 00:24:04,520 Speaker 1: wherever you listen.