WEBVTT - Heroin: The Drug 0:00:01.080 --> 0:00:04.040 Hey, everybody, it's Josh and Chuck your friends, and we 0:00:04.120 --> 0:00:06.960 are here to tell you about our upcoming book that's 0:00:06.960 --> 0:00:10.120 coming out this fall, the first ever Stuff you Should 0:00:10.160 --> 0:00:13.240 Know book, Chuck. That's right. What's the cool, super cool 0:00:13.240 --> 0:00:16.680 title we came up with. It's Stuff you Should Know colon, 0:00:17.200 --> 0:00:21.520 an incomplete compendium of mostly interesting things. That's right, and 0:00:21.560 --> 0:00:24.600 it's coming along so great. We're super excited, you guys. 0:00:24.800 --> 0:00:29.080 The illustrations are amazing, and there's the look of the book. 0:00:29.120 --> 0:00:31.680 It's all just it's exactly what we hoped it would be. 0:00:31.720 --> 0:00:33.480 And we cannot wait for you to get your hands 0:00:33.479 --> 0:00:35.800 on it. Yes, we can't. Um and you don't have 0:00:35.840 --> 0:00:37.519 to wait. Actually, well you do have to wait, but 0:00:37.560 --> 0:00:39.479 you don't have to wait to order. You can go 0:00:39.560 --> 0:00:42.839 pre order the book right now everywhere you get books, 0:00:43.240 --> 0:00:47.680 and you will eventually get a special gift for pre ordering, 0:00:47.720 --> 0:00:50.480 which we're working on right now. That's right, So check 0:00:50.479 --> 0:00:54.360 it out soon coming this fall. Welcome to Stuff you 0:00:54.360 --> 0:00:57.560 Should Know, a production of My Heart Radios How Stuff Works. 0:01:00.040 --> 0:01:05.840 All Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark 0:01:05.880 --> 0:01:08.360 and there's Charles w. Chuck Bryan over there, and it's 0:01:08.440 --> 0:01:11.560 just the two of us. Um, we can make it 0:01:11.600 --> 0:01:15.280 if we try. It's just the two of us, Chuck 0:01:15.360 --> 0:01:19.240 and I. That's right. Uh, and we are stuff you 0:01:19.280 --> 0:01:24.440 should know the Heroin addition, Yeah, I haven't covered Heroin yet. No, 0:01:24.560 --> 0:01:28.080 we haven't. We have not. Um and Ed helped us 0:01:28.120 --> 0:01:30.160 out with this, and I love how he just put 0:01:30.200 --> 0:01:34.240 it straight up. Heroin is a demon. I'm like, Che's 0:01:34.240 --> 0:01:37.320 way to be objective. You know what occurred to me 0:01:38.360 --> 0:01:40.360 because I like to think of things that the lens 0:01:40.400 --> 0:01:45.560 of movies a lot of times. Uh, pot movies rarely, 0:01:45.640 --> 0:01:49.040 if ever any good. What have you ever seen? Days 0:01:49.120 --> 0:01:52.360 and Confused? My friend, I don't consider we we talked 0:01:52.400 --> 0:01:54.040 about this on movie Crush and All and I I 0:01:54.040 --> 0:01:57.600 don't consider that a weed movie. Although it's featured heavily, 0:01:57.840 --> 0:02:01.040 I would call it one of the main characters. I 0:02:01.080 --> 0:02:03.360 don't call it a weed movie. I consider weed movies 0:02:03.400 --> 0:02:07.080 like Cheech and Chong movies. What about Half Baked, Half Baked? 0:02:08.080 --> 0:02:11.600 How High? Like movies where it's literally just about marijuana, 0:02:11.960 --> 0:02:13.640 Like Days and Confused about a bunch of friends in 0:02:13.639 --> 0:02:18.440 the seventies and the school fair enough, fair enough. Other people, though, said, no, 0:02:18.880 --> 0:02:21.400 you know you're wrong. Days confused as a weed movie. 0:02:21.440 --> 0:02:23.679 But let's say that as a weed movie, that's one 0:02:23.960 --> 0:02:26.880 good one. Like Cheech and Chong movies are okay, but 0:02:26.880 --> 0:02:31.400 they're really not that good. They really uh cocaine movies, 0:02:31.440 --> 0:02:34.640 I don't are there cocaine movies? Yeah, there's like Blow 0:02:35.000 --> 0:02:39.160 was a cocaine movie, and yeah about dealing, Yeah for 0:02:39.200 --> 0:02:46.360 sure blows about as cocaine movie as they get. I 0:02:46.400 --> 0:02:49.560 can't think of one that's just straight up like following 0:02:49.720 --> 0:02:53.400 some cocaine users. Yeah, like that because it's probably like 0:02:53.960 --> 0:02:57.160 no one wants to see that, right. But heroin movies 0:02:57.200 --> 0:03:01.760 are great, well, I mean you got what spotting, oh, 0:03:02.280 --> 0:03:08.519 panic in Needle Park Train, spotting to see um and 0:03:08.520 --> 0:03:10.600 and you know if even if it's not about heroin 0:03:10.760 --> 0:03:13.440 stuff like pulp fiction, like I think heroin has been 0:03:13.560 --> 0:03:18.560 romanticized in film, uh, far more effectively and more often 0:03:18.560 --> 0:03:22.639 than any other drug, right, which is pretty messed up, 0:03:22.680 --> 0:03:26.840 because if there is a drug out there where Nancy 0:03:26.880 --> 0:03:29.840 Reagan actually was right for once in her life and 0:03:29.919 --> 0:03:36.520 wasn't just lying through her teeth, it is definitely definitely heroin. Yeah. 0:03:37.000 --> 0:03:40.840 It is a genuinely bad, bad drug and basically the 0:03:40.920 --> 0:03:44.600 last thing that should be romanticized. Um, But you're right. 0:03:44.680 --> 0:03:47.080 I think they've made some pretty good movies about it, 0:03:47.120 --> 0:03:50.160 and I think people are like, Wow, those jazz cats 0:03:50.160 --> 0:03:55.600 are really into that that skag man um. And uh, 0:03:56.480 --> 0:03:58.840 I don't know. I mean, I can't imagine that there 0:03:58.880 --> 0:04:02.480 aren't people out there who haven't tried heroin because it 0:04:02.560 --> 0:04:05.560 was romanticized in the movies. I hate to say, yeah, 0:04:05.600 --> 0:04:08.040 And I think because in the movies it's you know, 0:04:08.120 --> 0:04:12.360 it portrays it as it is, which is euphoric and relaxing. 0:04:12.920 --> 0:04:15.320 And you know, every movie you see when someone does 0:04:15.360 --> 0:04:19.120 the heroin, uh, what you see right afterward is a 0:04:19.120 --> 0:04:24.520 big wave of of happiness wash over them. And that's 0:04:24.520 --> 0:04:27.720 why you don't see movies about people snorting cocaine, is 0:04:27.760 --> 0:04:31.360 because it's just not fun to see someone snort cocaine 0:04:31.360 --> 0:04:34.280 and then talk incessantly like a jerk for the next 0:04:34.320 --> 0:04:38.120 four hours. You're right, right, depending on how much you got. 0:04:39.080 --> 0:04:43.080 I've never done heroin, but I do know that its 0:04:43.120 --> 0:04:48.320 chemical name is diah morphine, And we can't talk about 0:04:48.360 --> 0:04:53.040 heroin without talking about morphine because it's kind of almost 0:04:53.080 --> 0:04:56.960 the same thing. Well, it's morphine's baby, Yeah, basically, it's 0:04:57.080 --> 0:05:01.159 it's you can take morphine. Great band name, run it 0:05:01.200 --> 0:05:05.080 through morphine, Morphine's baby. It is kind of and I 0:05:05.120 --> 0:05:07.599 think about it. Remember that band Morphine? They were really good. 0:05:07.920 --> 0:05:10.640 I love Morphine. Yeah, they were great. Um what kind 0:05:10.680 --> 0:05:13.960 of music would they be classified as? They're not quite grunched, 0:05:14.000 --> 0:05:21.440 They're not quite metal. Now, Morphine was very chill okay, 0:05:21.480 --> 0:05:24.000 but they had like a real heavy guitar sound, right, 0:05:24.160 --> 0:05:27.000 lots of feedback and distortion. No, I think you're thinking 0:05:27.000 --> 0:05:30.880 of a different band. Morphine had the saxophone as like 0:05:30.920 --> 0:05:34.600 one of the main interest instruments. Unless I'm thinking, yeah, 0:05:34.640 --> 0:05:39.800 you're thinking of Chicago at any rate. No, morphine is 0:05:39.920 --> 0:05:44.240 the parent of heroin. Um. You take morphine and run 0:05:44.279 --> 0:05:47.440 it through a few hoops with some acids, and all 0:05:47.480 --> 0:05:50.720 of a sudden you have heroin. And they apparently are 0:05:50.839 --> 0:05:54.719 so close together, um that the average user couldn't tell 0:05:54.800 --> 0:05:57.719 the difference between the two, because your body basically takes 0:05:58.000 --> 0:06:01.400 heroin and turns it into morphine. The biggest differences are 0:06:01.839 --> 0:06:06.120 the um, the how long the high lasts. It's much 0:06:06.160 --> 0:06:09.640 shorter with heroin, but I think it it sets on faster, 0:06:10.200 --> 0:06:14.560 and then the addictiveness heroin is even more addictive than morphine, 0:06:14.720 --> 0:06:20.160 and morphine is awfully addictive itself. Heroin is apparently just 0:06:20.200 --> 0:06:24.719 in a whole different league as far as addictiveness goes. Yeah, 0:06:24.760 --> 0:06:26.680 that's what I've heard, uh, And that's certainly how they 0:06:26.720 --> 0:06:30.280 portrayed in movies as well. To be fair, it's like 0:06:30.320 --> 0:06:33.600 it's although there are movies that show, like pulp fiction 0:06:33.680 --> 0:06:36.640 is a good example of a functioning heroin addict, but 0:06:36.720 --> 0:06:40.000 usually that's not the case in a movie. No, it's true, 0:06:40.000 --> 0:06:43.240 and I mean m yeah, they usually do show how 0:06:43.400 --> 0:06:47.240 just kind of gross it gets for heroin addicts. There's 0:06:47.320 --> 0:06:50.800 it's it's rare. It's rare that it's it's not that 0:06:50.960 --> 0:06:55.080 part isn't included. Like think about, um, what was the 0:06:55.160 --> 0:07:02.039 name of that movie. It's Jared Leto and word reccoim 0:07:02.080 --> 0:07:05.720 for a Dream. Yeah, that was harrowing. I always say 0:07:05.720 --> 0:07:10.080 I got pink eye from watching that movie with that 0:07:10.200 --> 0:07:13.880 dirty dude. Oh man, that's a perfect way to say it. 0:07:14.080 --> 0:07:16.720 I mean, there's who can forget the one image of 0:07:16.760 --> 0:07:21.280 the when he injected into that festering sore. Yeah, the 0:07:21.440 --> 0:07:25.080 abscess of I think I came across something that I 0:07:25.120 --> 0:07:29.960 think is what it was. It's called wound botulis um uh. 0:07:30.040 --> 0:07:32.400 And that's a that's a side effect, a risk of 0:07:32.400 --> 0:07:36.400 of heroin um, which I mean, if you think Heroine's glamorous, 0:07:36.440 --> 0:07:39.160 just look up wound botuli is um or gang green 0:07:39.320 --> 0:07:45.080 or an abscess from injection site. And also fact, if 0:07:45.080 --> 0:07:48.640 you're thinking about doing heroin, do that um reccoi. And 0:07:48.680 --> 0:07:50.280 for a Dream is also a good example of why 0:07:50.320 --> 0:07:53.240 they don't make movies about cocaine and speed because the 0:07:53.760 --> 0:07:56.760 probably the most unsettling aspect of that movie is the 0:07:56.760 --> 0:07:59.960 the subplot with or the plot line with Ellen Burr 0:08:00.480 --> 0:08:02.880 with Ellen Burst. It was hard to watch. It was 0:08:03.040 --> 0:08:05.000 very hard to watch, although some parts of it were 0:08:05.000 --> 0:08:07.040 pretty funny, like when the TV is just straight up 0:08:07.360 --> 0:08:12.920 talking to her. That was hysterical. That in that movie 0:08:13.080 --> 0:08:19.840 was nuts. Okay, So back to heroin. UM, there's apparently, uh, 0:08:20.000 --> 0:08:22.520 there is a very pure form of heroin, which makes sense. 0:08:22.520 --> 0:08:25.160 I mean, any kind of processed drug like cocaine or 0:08:25.200 --> 0:08:28.560 something like that, Um, there's going to be a purest 0:08:28.600 --> 0:08:32.599 form of it, but far and away the vast majority 0:08:32.640 --> 0:08:34.640 of people who use that drug are never going to 0:08:34.760 --> 0:08:38.599 encounter that purest form. It gets cut and there's impurities 0:08:38.600 --> 0:08:41.360 that are introduced to make it less pure so you 0:08:41.400 --> 0:08:44.600 can sell more. Um. And so the heroin goes from 0:08:44.640 --> 0:08:49.120 like this off white kind of slightly grayish color to 0:08:49.880 --> 0:08:54.080 everything from like orange and brown to black. Um, like 0:08:54.160 --> 0:08:56.760 black tar heroin like one of the most famous heroin 0:08:57.280 --> 0:09:01.280 varieties ever, from what I've heard, is comes from Mexico, 0:09:01.640 --> 0:09:04.920 and it's just really bottom of the barrel stuff. Like 0:09:05.000 --> 0:09:09.760 imagine that the purest form is a almost white powder 0:09:10.480 --> 0:09:13.719 and you're shooting black tar. That kind of gives you 0:09:13.720 --> 0:09:17.240 an idea of how far from purity black tar heroin is. Yeah, 0:09:17.360 --> 0:09:20.080 I saw that that black tar heroine is usually cut 0:09:20.120 --> 0:09:24.080 with either burned corn starch or lactose. Great. There's also 0:09:24.440 --> 0:09:27.840 there's cheese heroin too, which is supposedly um, pretty rough 0:09:27.880 --> 0:09:31.040 as well as far as impurities go. But it also 0:09:31.200 --> 0:09:35.600 just sounds gross like cheese heroin. Yeah. Why did why 0:09:35.679 --> 0:09:39.400 take a word that's great like cheese and screw attach 0:09:39.480 --> 0:09:42.520 it to heroin? That's right? Uh. The other ways it 0:09:42.520 --> 0:09:44.200 can be sold, which I didn't know. It can be 0:09:44.200 --> 0:09:46.720 sold as a salt, which you know how in movies 0:09:46.760 --> 0:09:48.600 if they're ejecting it, they always cook it up in 0:09:48.640 --> 0:09:52.400 the spoon, And I think part partially why movies glamorize 0:09:52.400 --> 0:09:58.360 it is because just cinematically, to shoot, um, to film 0:09:58.400 --> 0:10:00.480 someone cooking something in the spoon and in the whole 0:10:00.520 --> 0:10:04.320 process is just you know, it's interesting looking, it looks 0:10:04.320 --> 0:10:07.480 good on screen, looks so glamorous. It does in a 0:10:07.520 --> 0:10:11.080 little in a weird way. Um. But when you sell 0:10:11.120 --> 0:10:13.040 it as a salt, it does not need to be 0:10:13.080 --> 0:10:16.400 heated and dissolved. It's just I guess you can just 0:10:16.440 --> 0:10:19.720 dissolve it like salt will dissolve in water. Um. You 0:10:19.720 --> 0:10:23.560 can smoke it, you can snort it, you can put 0:10:23.600 --> 0:10:27.679 it in your butt. You sound like um. Like Chris 0:10:27.720 --> 0:10:31.640 Farley and Black Sheep, I never saw it. There's this 0:10:31.679 --> 0:10:35.040 part where he's like shooting, snort and smoke and drop 0:10:35.040 --> 0:10:38.080 and I've just I've seen too much Chris Farley in 0:10:38.120 --> 0:10:41.480 my life. He's yeah, he's constantly in my head. Or 0:10:41.520 --> 0:10:46.040 you can eat heroin apparently, yeah, especially cheese heroin. Oh 0:10:46.080 --> 0:10:52.880 really okay. Um, So that's there's like a bunch of 0:10:52.880 --> 0:10:55.080 different kinds of heroine you can get depending on where 0:10:55.080 --> 0:10:56.760 you are. It's going to come from different places in 0:10:56.800 --> 0:11:00.240 the world, which we'll talk about. Um. And there's no 0:11:00.520 --> 0:11:04.440 denying it gets you super duper high when you when 0:11:04.480 --> 0:11:08.600 you do Heroin. UM. The problem is is that within 0:11:08.640 --> 0:11:12.880 a few hours of that, you start to enter Heroin withdrawals. 0:11:13.320 --> 0:11:15.120 And we'll talk about exactly what goes on in the 0:11:15.160 --> 0:11:18.959 brain a little more, but basically your brain is saying, oh, 0:11:19.000 --> 0:11:21.800 I need more of what you just gave me because 0:11:21.840 --> 0:11:25.920 I adjusted to life with that UM, with that level 0:11:25.960 --> 0:11:30.120 of dopamine release that it triggered, UM, and now everything's 0:11:30.160 --> 0:11:32.880 just horrid and black. And again, this can start in 0:11:32.920 --> 0:11:36.080 just a few hours, depending on how many times you've 0:11:36.080 --> 0:11:39.240 shot Heroin, how much of a dependence you've developed, how 0:11:39.280 --> 0:11:42.960 much tolerance you've developed, and all these factors come together 0:11:43.040 --> 0:11:48.719 to determine just how bad your withdrawal symptoms are. Yes, uh, 0:11:49.880 --> 0:11:53.559 you know, most movies glamorized Heroin for a little while, 0:11:53.559 --> 0:11:56.080 but then we'll also show the dark side, like you said, 0:11:56.640 --> 0:12:01.680 and usually will include a kicking Heroin scene. Yeah, very famously, 0:12:02.840 --> 0:12:05.080 very famously in Train Spotting when he rattles off that 0:12:05.160 --> 0:12:08.880 list when he locks himself in his apartment, you and 0:12:08.960 --> 0:12:11.320 McGregor enlists out all the things that he needs to 0:12:11.360 --> 0:12:15.240 successfully kick What is the very funny I just pulled 0:12:15.280 --> 0:12:20.400 it up here music, tomato soup, tint indigo mushroom soup, 0:12:20.520 --> 0:12:25.959 eight tins of a consumption cold ice cream, vanilla, one 0:12:26.080 --> 0:12:34.800 large tub of magnesia milk, one bottle pharmacs, uh paracetamal, mouthwash, vitamins, 0:12:34.880 --> 0:12:40.360 mineral water, lucas aid, pornography, one mattress, one bucket for urine, 0:12:40.360 --> 0:12:45.319 one for feces, and one for vomitus. Yes, supposedly, after 0:12:45.440 --> 0:12:48.080 a while, the withdrawal gets so bad that you just 0:12:48.120 --> 0:12:50.600 can't get out of bed to to poop or pee 0:12:50.760 --> 0:12:54.360 or vomit, but you're still going to vomit and poop 0:12:54.520 --> 0:12:59.880 um withdrawal symptoms kicking, terrible diarrhea, terrible vomiting UM. And 0:13:01.040 --> 0:13:04.400 it's the thing is is the withdrawal is almost never fatal, 0:13:05.280 --> 0:13:07.520 but it can be fatal. And it's not from the 0:13:07.559 --> 0:13:10.840 withdrawal symptoms themselves, it's secondary to it. Like you're vomiting 0:13:11.280 --> 0:13:15.120 and peeing and um pooping so much that you can 0:13:15.160 --> 0:13:19.760 become dehydrated, your electrolite balances can go off, and you 0:13:19.800 --> 0:13:23.440 can die of heart failure because the electrical impulses in 0:13:23.480 --> 0:13:27.800 your heart are no longer functioning correctly. But if you 0:13:27.840 --> 0:13:31.120 know what you're doing, um and you especially do it 0:13:31.200 --> 0:13:34.800 under medical supervision, you can have a far easier and 0:13:34.800 --> 0:13:40.280 and um much less life threatening experience of kicking heroin. 0:13:40.559 --> 0:13:45.400 The good news is this, even if you are the 0:13:45.400 --> 0:13:47.440 the person who is most addicted to heroin in the 0:13:47.440 --> 0:13:52.400 world right now, if you decided to kick it, you 0:13:52.480 --> 0:13:57.400 have four to five or six really bad days ahead 0:13:57.440 --> 0:14:01.920 of you before you're free of your heroin addiction. It's 0:14:02.040 --> 0:14:05.360 that simple. Any heroin, Um, I want to keep saying 0:14:05.360 --> 0:14:07.760 heroin addict, We definitely don't say that anymore. But any 0:14:07.800 --> 0:14:11.360 person addicted to heroin walking around today, Chuck is just 0:14:11.440 --> 0:14:14.760 a week away from being free of heroin. It's just 0:14:14.920 --> 0:14:19.400 that that would be the worst week of their entire lives. 0:14:19.960 --> 0:14:21.640 But they can do it. Every single one of them 0:14:21.640 --> 0:14:26.400 can do it. An entire physicians practices and um convalescent 0:14:26.480 --> 0:14:30.520 centers and rehabs have been set up to medically assist 0:14:30.800 --> 0:14:35.880 in making the withdrawal process, you know, easier and safer, 0:14:36.440 --> 0:14:38.440 so that it does increase the chance that they're not 0:14:38.440 --> 0:14:40.520 gonna be like, forget this, I just need some heroin. 0:14:40.800 --> 0:14:45.240 Everything will be fine again. Yeah, and um, you know 0:14:45.800 --> 0:14:48.360 you're probably gonna get if you're under medical supervision. Some 0:14:48.400 --> 0:14:51.680 sort of sedative or a drug that memics heroin. Um, 0:14:51.800 --> 0:14:56.880 most commonly, I think methodone. Yeah, it's like subox zone now, 0:14:56.920 --> 0:15:01.000 which is, yeah, it really binds tightly to your pioid receptors, 0:15:01.000 --> 0:15:04.080 so it blocks heroin when you're doing it. Um, so 0:15:04.200 --> 0:15:07.400 you become less and less dependent on heroin. And then 0:15:07.400 --> 0:15:10.920 the subak zone is just much less addictive or habit form. 0:15:10.920 --> 0:15:13.400 And because it's just much less potent, so you can 0:15:13.440 --> 0:15:15.640 get off of the subok zone after you're off of 0:15:15.680 --> 0:15:22.040 the heroine. So why heroin makes you feel so good? Um? People, 0:15:22.160 --> 0:15:25.720 you know, we don't fully understand the brain chemistry, um 0:15:26.560 --> 0:15:29.880 of exactly how that works. But uh, we do know 0:15:29.960 --> 0:15:32.240 that the chemicals, you know, once it gets in your brain, 0:15:32.280 --> 0:15:34.840 the brain breaks it down into other chemicals, and those 0:15:34.920 --> 0:15:38.920 chemicals um sort of just closed down the things that 0:15:39.040 --> 0:15:43.040 normally regulate your dopamine. And so your brain makes a 0:15:43.080 --> 0:15:46.200 bunch of dopamine right right, So you've got a bunch 0:15:46.200 --> 0:15:48.880 of dopamine going. But it also affects other parts of 0:15:48.920 --> 0:15:54.360 your brain too, to where say, um, you're basically imagine 0:15:54.360 --> 0:15:57.000 your brain chemistry normally is that in this nice kind 0:15:57.040 --> 0:15:59.720 of harmony? And then heroin comes in and just totally 0:15:59.760 --> 0:16:02.280 over whelms it with a tidal wave of a dopamine. Well, 0:16:02.280 --> 0:16:04.440 your brain says, oh jeez, well, I need to to 0:16:04.720 --> 0:16:07.880 up all of the production of all these other um 0:16:07.960 --> 0:16:13.000 neurochemicals so that I reach homeostasis again, so that jack's 0:16:13.040 --> 0:16:16.160 all the levels up. UM. And then when the heroine 0:16:16.720 --> 0:16:21.000 dies back UM, because your dose is wearing off, your 0:16:21.440 --> 0:16:24.160 dopamine levels drop, but then all these other levels are 0:16:24.160 --> 0:16:25.680 still up, and all of a sudden, it's like your 0:16:25.720 --> 0:16:28.760 brain is screaming in a in a crowded room where 0:16:28.800 --> 0:16:31.840 everybody just stops talking, and it's just your brain screaming 0:16:31.880 --> 0:16:33.880 now right, or like the music cuts off in your 0:16:33.880 --> 0:16:36.200 brain was trying to talk loud over the music. It's 0:16:36.320 --> 0:16:39.040 very much like that. And so some of these other 0:16:39.120 --> 0:16:42.720 chemicals can produce some really unpleasant sensations. And the upshot 0:16:42.760 --> 0:16:45.640 of it is that that dopamine, the one thing that's 0:16:45.640 --> 0:16:48.080 making you feel really really good, is the one thing 0:16:48.120 --> 0:16:50.880 that's truly lacking then because your brain isn't making it 0:16:51.000 --> 0:16:54.560 naturally UM, it's making all this other stuff that makes 0:16:54.560 --> 0:16:58.160 you feel quite uncomfortable, uh, in much higher amounts. And 0:16:58.200 --> 0:17:01.480 that's that's when you say, I need some more heroin. 0:17:02.000 --> 0:17:04.680 And the other thing is this, as your brain starts 0:17:04.760 --> 0:17:08.439 making more and more and more of these other neurochemicals, 0:17:08.760 --> 0:17:12.080 you need more and more and more heroin to release 0:17:12.119 --> 0:17:16.760 increasing increasingly larger amounts of dopamine just to get to normal. 0:17:16.840 --> 0:17:18.720 That's what they mean when they say, just to get 0:17:18.720 --> 0:17:21.560 to normal, I have to do this much heroin, and 0:17:21.600 --> 0:17:24.600 then I have to do even more to get high. Um. 0:17:24.640 --> 0:17:27.959 And that is what's called tolerance. And the more tolerance 0:17:28.000 --> 0:17:31.440 you have, the worshier withdrawal symptoms are going to be. 0:17:31.440 --> 0:17:35.440 Because that means when you stop with the heroine, the 0:17:35.560 --> 0:17:38.719 levels of everything else are really really high, and the 0:17:38.760 --> 0:17:42.440 dopamine is way back down in the basement. Um. And 0:17:42.480 --> 0:17:46.320 that's that's basically heroin in a nutshell. Yeah, And you 0:17:46.320 --> 0:17:53.360 know tolerance. There's tolerance for every drug in the world, uh, cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, everything, 0:17:53.440 --> 0:17:57.720 but um, it feels like heroine's. Um. It's just such 0:17:57.760 --> 0:18:02.000 a dangerous game you're playing there with the tolerance levels 0:18:02.040 --> 0:18:04.840 and then getting off and getting back on or more 0:18:04.880 --> 0:18:07.919 so a little, probably more so than other drugs even 0:18:08.200 --> 0:18:09.800 and then the well, the other thing that makes it 0:18:09.920 --> 0:18:13.439 dangerous too is again, withdrawal itself is very rarely fatal, 0:18:13.560 --> 0:18:19.920 especially when it's assystematically. But um heroin itself is extraordinarily 0:18:20.000 --> 0:18:22.800 dangerous too, because one of the big effects that it 0:18:22.880 --> 0:18:27.359 has on your body is lowered respiration, so you aren't 0:18:27.359 --> 0:18:30.840 taking very deep breaths any longer. You can actually die 0:18:30.880 --> 0:18:34.080 of like carbon monoxide poisoning because you're not exhaling enough 0:18:34.119 --> 0:18:37.439 carbon monoxides or you're not getting in enough oxygen and 0:18:37.480 --> 0:18:40.800 you basically just stop breathing, or you die of hypoxia 0:18:41.040 --> 0:18:46.280 because you're the heroin overwhelmed your ability to breathe. Basically, 0:18:46.560 --> 0:18:51.359 when you've done too much, when you've done a fatal dose. Wow. Yeah, alright, 0:18:51.440 --> 0:18:53.240 let's take a break and we will talk about the 0:18:53.400 --> 0:19:24.320 super interesting history of heroin right after this. Okay, okay, so, uh, 0:19:24.960 --> 0:19:27.639 you know we've I think everyone sort of knows that 0:19:27.760 --> 0:19:30.800 heroin to sort of big facts about heroin that are 0:19:30.800 --> 0:19:33.680 super interesting that everyone always says is that heroin is 0:19:33.720 --> 0:19:37.400 a brand name or a trade name, and that heroin 0:19:38.200 --> 0:19:42.320 used to be readily prescribed kind of like cocaine was, 0:19:43.600 --> 0:19:47.480 uh in this case for for pain is a pain medication. 0:19:48.359 --> 0:19:51.440 And we're talking about the opium poppy plant, the pep 0:19:51.480 --> 0:19:58.280 haber somna faron And since ancient Egypt is like at 0:19:58.320 --> 0:20:02.080 least people have been used sing this to treat pain, 0:20:02.160 --> 0:20:05.959 this narcotic to treat pain. Yeah. Well, so if we 0:20:06.000 --> 0:20:08.840 had just held with opium, I mean, it's you know, 0:20:09.000 --> 0:20:12.480 being an addicted to opium is bad enough, but the 0:20:12.520 --> 0:20:15.000 world would definitely be a much different place if we 0:20:15.119 --> 0:20:18.000 just stayed with opium, just kept it natural, you know 0:20:18.040 --> 0:20:19.600 what I'm saying. But no, no, that's how we do. 0:20:20.000 --> 0:20:22.640 We figure out ways to make things even more robust 0:20:22.720 --> 0:20:27.120 and more amazing. And so I think in uh, oh, 0:20:27.160 --> 0:20:31.560 I'm not sure exactly when, but in the eighteen hundreds, 0:20:31.600 --> 0:20:37.000 definitely before the eighteen sixties, the German chemical company merk 0:20:37.800 --> 0:20:42.280 Uh isolated morphine from opium, so you didn't need all 0:20:42.280 --> 0:20:44.639 the other stuff anymore. You just head straight up morphine. 0:20:44.840 --> 0:20:47.679 And this was good and in one respect, like we 0:20:47.800 --> 0:20:54.080 now had a genuinely powerful anesthetic, analgesic to where when 0:20:54.080 --> 0:20:56.080 somebody was in a great deal of pain, say having 0:20:56.119 --> 0:20:59.280 their leg amputated in a field hospital during the Civil War, 0:20:59.720 --> 0:21:02.359 you could give them morphine and they wouldn't suffer as much. 0:21:02.560 --> 0:21:04.800 So in that respect, it was really good. The problem 0:21:04.840 --> 0:21:08.320 is we didn't understand addiction anywhere near like we do today. 0:21:08.840 --> 0:21:11.080 And so a lot of those people who got morphine 0:21:11.080 --> 0:21:13.399 when their leg was amputated came back from the war like, 0:21:14.200 --> 0:21:16.160 where can I get some more morphine? I could really 0:21:16.240 --> 0:21:21.280 use some right now, And morphine addiction became really pronounced 0:21:21.560 --> 0:21:24.560 by you know, the eighteen seventies eighteen eighties in the 0:21:24.680 --> 0:21:27.920 United States. Yeah, And there were a couple of big 0:21:28.000 --> 0:21:32.240 years after this. Big big events happened in eighteen seventy 0:21:32.240 --> 0:21:35.159 four and eight. In eighteen seventy four, there was a 0:21:35.240 --> 0:21:40.280 chemist name C. R. Older, right, and he wanted to 0:21:40.320 --> 0:21:44.920 transform morphine into something that wasn't as addictive. So he 0:21:45.040 --> 0:21:49.600 tried this process where he um it was called acetylation, 0:21:50.160 --> 0:21:52.919 where he basically tried to cause it to react with 0:21:52.960 --> 0:21:55.320 an acid to change the composition of it to make 0:21:55.320 --> 0:22:01.639 it less addictive. He created diocetyl morphine, which is heroin, 0:22:01.920 --> 0:22:04.280 and he gave some to his dog, as you do. 0:22:05.119 --> 0:22:08.880 And his dog did not fair too well, did not die, 0:22:08.960 --> 0:22:13.600 but almost did. He stole a stereo later and he said, 0:22:13.680 --> 0:22:16.480 you know what, Uh, this stuff is dangerous. I'm gonna 0:22:16.520 --> 0:22:19.400 put it away. I'm gonna publish this paper. No one 0:22:19.440 --> 0:22:22.360 really paid much attention to this paper until a man 0:22:22.440 --> 0:22:28.399 named Einrich Dresser in for the Bear company, picked up 0:22:28.440 --> 0:22:30.600 this paper and said, let me pick up where he 0:22:30.680 --> 0:22:33.480 left off. Yeah, and he did and he can't he 0:22:33.480 --> 0:22:39.640 He basically recreated that um dia morphine concoction and heroin 0:22:39.840 --> 0:22:43.360 was born. He gave it to some test subjects. One 0:22:43.400 --> 0:22:46.280 of them said that it made him feel heroich. Is 0:22:46.320 --> 0:22:48.959 that how you would say it? Yeah? Hero ish h 0:22:48.960 --> 0:22:53.040 g r O I almost there s h. Yeah. These 0:22:53.080 --> 0:22:55.080 are Germans we're talking about here, so they love the 0:22:55.280 --> 0:22:59.560 sh sound for sure. But but because um, I think 0:22:59.560 --> 0:23:01.639 one thing we left off is not only does heroin 0:23:01.720 --> 0:23:05.200 get you high, it also boost your confidence tremendously as well. 0:23:05.560 --> 0:23:07.680 And that's what that guy was describing. He felt high, 0:23:07.680 --> 0:23:10.159 he felt confident, and he described it as heroic. And 0:23:10.200 --> 0:23:13.080 so that's where the trade name heroin came from. Was 0:23:13.280 --> 0:23:16.960 um from Dresser basically saying, that's that's a great name 0:23:17.000 --> 0:23:19.880 for this. Uh So I'm gonna call it heroin and 0:23:19.920 --> 0:23:23.920 we will cure the world's morphine addicts of their morphine addiction. 0:23:24.320 --> 0:23:27.440 And funny enough, they did. Because everybody's like heroin is 0:23:27.480 --> 0:23:30.399 a great way to treat morphine addiction. The problem is 0:23:30.440 --> 0:23:33.600 is once they kicked morphine, they were super duper addicted 0:23:33.600 --> 0:23:35.600 to heroin and they were even worse off than they 0:23:35.640 --> 0:23:39.440 have been before. Yeah, it's funny the word heroin. It's 0:23:39.480 --> 0:23:42.359 so so commonplace now you don't really think about it 0:23:42.400 --> 0:23:45.280 being a trade name, but it totally sounds like a 0:23:45.320 --> 0:23:47.920 trade name when you think about other drugs at the time, 0:23:48.840 --> 0:23:52.360 Like it sounds like a modern sort of pharmaceutical and well, 0:23:52.400 --> 0:23:55.879 actually these days those names are just terrible. Like Dr 0:23:55.920 --> 0:23:58.600 pinkel Whites feel Good oil was next to it on 0:23:58.600 --> 0:24:02.200 the shelf, you know. Yeah, but now like pharmaceutical drug 0:24:02.320 --> 0:24:05.480 names or they all try and work in uh well, 0:24:05.520 --> 0:24:07.080 I guess they did that with heroin because it makes 0:24:07.119 --> 0:24:09.760 you feel heroic, but they try and work in how 0:24:09.800 --> 0:24:12.920 great it makes you feel into the name itself, Like, well, 0:24:12.920 --> 0:24:15.639 I don't know if I should name check anybody. I 0:24:15.640 --> 0:24:17.800 can think of a few on the top of my head. Yeah, 0:24:17.800 --> 0:24:19.840 And they're like they all have to work the letter 0:24:20.119 --> 0:24:22.440 X in. If X isn't in there, it's not gonna sell. 0:24:22.600 --> 0:24:25.480 That's like the mantra of the pharmaceutical And it's really 0:24:25.760 --> 0:24:28.320 manipulative when you think about it, it's the dad they 0:24:28.320 --> 0:24:33.280 teach you how to pronounce it to your doctor. So, um, 0:24:33.320 --> 0:24:36.840 they did these human trials of heroin, which were about 0:24:36.840 --> 0:24:41.520 four weeks long of getting heroin as a patient. If 0:24:41.560 --> 0:24:44.080 you had a cough or a sore throat, you felt 0:24:44.080 --> 0:24:48.960 pretty great obviously. Um. Can you imagine just going and 0:24:49.000 --> 0:24:53.760