1 00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:08,280 Speaker 1: Hey, and welcome to the short Stuff. I'm Josh, and 2 00:00:08,280 --> 00:00:11,119 Speaker 1: there's shocked just a couple of mellow dudes about to 3 00:00:11,160 --> 00:00:13,920 Speaker 1: talk about one of the worst public health disasters in 4 00:00:13,960 --> 00:00:17,200 Speaker 1: American history. All right, that's right. And this one came 5 00:00:17,239 --> 00:00:19,919 Speaker 1: about because we were just talking about this in a 6 00:00:20,079 --> 00:00:25,160 Speaker 1: full length episode and little Josh he said, hey, we 7 00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:27,760 Speaker 1: should do a short stuff on that thing, and being 8 00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:31,360 Speaker 1: Bata boom. Two days later, we're doing it. Yeah, not 9 00:00:31,440 --> 00:00:33,640 Speaker 1: even two days. I think it's the next day and 10 00:00:34,159 --> 00:00:37,920 Speaker 1: in podcast land time, so it just came out. Yeah, 11 00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:43,240 Speaker 1: we activated our immediate response team, which which is us. Yes, 12 00:00:44,240 --> 00:00:52,839 Speaker 1: and we're gonna do one on the elixir sulfa nylamide disaster. Sure, all, 13 00:00:53,400 --> 00:00:56,240 Speaker 1: how would you say it self selfonilamide? That's what I'm 14 00:00:56,280 --> 00:01:00,280 Speaker 1: going with. All right, Hey man, potato potato sulfonilla minds 15 00:01:00,320 --> 00:01:04,240 Speaker 1: whole finilomide. Let's call the whole thing off exactly, which, 16 00:01:04,600 --> 00:01:06,640 Speaker 1: by the way, I know this is a short stuff, 17 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:10,479 Speaker 1: so there's really no no time to discourse. But I 18 00:01:10,560 --> 00:01:15,440 Speaker 1: hate that song let's call a hold hang off? Yah 19 00:01:15,920 --> 00:01:18,960 Speaker 1: hate it. Yeah, I told you I think one time 20 00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:22,959 Speaker 1: about my friend Andrew and Los Angeles, whose friend auditioned 21 00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:27,440 Speaker 1: with that song for a big musical production, and it 22 00:01:27,560 --> 00:01:30,080 Speaker 1: never heard it really and didn't realize that you're supposed 23 00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:34,440 Speaker 1: to say them differently. So you say tomato and I 24 00:01:34,520 --> 00:01:40,200 Speaker 1: say tomato. You've just seen that the sheet music, I guess. So, 25 00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:42,120 Speaker 1: I mean it's the story. I don't know if it 26 00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:45,839 Speaker 1: checks out, but it's like Andy Kaufman performance, aren't piece. 27 00:01:46,480 --> 00:01:48,680 Speaker 1: So we're not talking about that. We're talking we're going 28 00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:53,040 Speaker 1: back to seven. Uh, back in the time where there 29 00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:55,120 Speaker 1: was such a thing as the f d A. There 30 00:01:55,160 --> 00:01:57,840 Speaker 1: was something called the nineteen oh six Food Drug and 31 00:01:58,040 --> 00:02:00,920 Speaker 1: Cosmetics Act no Food Pure and Drug Act, Sorry, of 32 00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:05,440 Speaker 1: which we talked about yesterday UM. And one of the 33 00:02:05,480 --> 00:02:08,760 Speaker 1: things that it did was it said, there is this thing, 34 00:02:08,960 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 1: this Bureau of Chemistry, that will become the f d A. 35 00:02:11,639 --> 00:02:15,800 Speaker 1: But they're just kind of they're they're not really good 36 00:02:15,840 --> 00:02:17,800 Speaker 1: at what they do yet because we don't have the 37 00:02:17,840 --> 00:02:20,000 Speaker 1: regulation to let them do what they do. And so 38 00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:25,600 Speaker 1: under that context, the idea of UM medicines was pretty 39 00:02:25,680 --> 00:02:30,120 Speaker 1: much like the Wild West in America at the time. Yes, 40 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:35,280 Speaker 1: I think it's putting it very kindly. Earlier in that 41 00:02:35,360 --> 00:02:41,720 Speaker 1: same decade, there was a microbiologist named Gerhard Domac and said, hey, 42 00:02:41,720 --> 00:02:45,040 Speaker 1: I made a great discovery. This compound uh self, annylamide 43 00:02:45,080 --> 00:02:48,280 Speaker 1: or nilamide acts as an antibiotic against strep and we 44 00:02:48,280 --> 00:02:52,320 Speaker 1: can help strep throat and Pharmaceutical company said this is great. 45 00:02:52,840 --> 00:02:55,880 Speaker 1: Let's pump out this powder and these tablets. And then 46 00:02:55,919 --> 00:02:58,320 Speaker 1: someone at the Mass and Guild, the se Mass and 47 00:02:58,360 --> 00:03:02,280 Speaker 1: Guild Pharmaceutical Company of Tennessee, said, you know what, people 48 00:03:02,320 --> 00:03:05,680 Speaker 1: really want this in liquid form. Get to work. Yeah. 49 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:09,360 Speaker 1: There was a guy, the chief chemist was Dr Harold Watkins, 50 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:12,359 Speaker 1: and he started, you know, getting to work because they 51 00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:13,960 Speaker 1: told him too, and that was his job and that 52 00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:18,200 Speaker 1: was that, and so um he started um tinkering around. 53 00:03:18,200 --> 00:03:22,840 Speaker 1: He needed a solvent something to dissolve the powdered sulfonillamide 54 00:03:22,919 --> 00:03:27,280 Speaker 1: into a solution water because it doesn't just automatically dissolve. 55 00:03:27,720 --> 00:03:31,680 Speaker 1: So he used the solvent die ethylene glycol, and he 56 00:03:31,840 --> 00:03:34,440 Speaker 1: ended up coming up Yeah, just just seeing that on 57 00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:36,760 Speaker 1: a label somewhere, wouldn't she'd be like, I'm going to 58 00:03:36,840 --> 00:03:41,760 Speaker 1: second guess this decision. He went a whole hog on it, 59 00:03:41,840 --> 00:03:45,400 Speaker 1: and so he came up with Elixir Sulfonillamide, which was 60 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:49,400 Speaker 1: ten percent sulfenillamide, the antibiotic, sixteen percent water, and seventy 61 00:03:49,520 --> 00:03:54,600 Speaker 1: two die ethylene glycol. Yeah, and it gave it a 62 00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:56,720 Speaker 1: sweet flavor, so the taste was good. It gave it 63 00:03:56,760 --> 00:03:59,200 Speaker 1: a pinkish hue. He added a little bit of raspberry 64 00:03:59,240 --> 00:04:03,000 Speaker 1: extract and said, let's hit the market. Yeah, and uh, 65 00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:06,240 Speaker 1: I guess I kind of spoiled it a second ago. 66 00:04:06,320 --> 00:04:10,200 Speaker 1: But it is a deadly poison and as you mentioned 67 00:04:10,240 --> 00:04:13,520 Speaker 1: in the other episode, it's related to Annie freeze, which 68 00:04:13,600 --> 00:04:16,040 Speaker 1: is not good to drink, and it kills you in 69 00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:20,120 Speaker 1: horrific ways. It it really recks, uh, your kidney. Your 70 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:23,240 Speaker 1: kidneys will eventually shut down, but along the way, UM, 71 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:28,479 Speaker 1: you will be vomiting and agitated and have seizures and convulsions, terrible, 72 00:04:28,560 --> 00:04:33,640 Speaker 1: intense pain, unrelenting pain. And they didn't know this because 73 00:04:33,640 --> 00:04:36,120 Speaker 1: they didn't care carry out any test on this stuff, 74 00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:39,000 Speaker 1: not just to make it, but to sell it. They 75 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:41,080 Speaker 1: didn't even test it out before they put it on 76 00:04:41,120 --> 00:04:44,080 Speaker 1: the shelves, mainly because the law didn't say you had 77 00:04:44,120 --> 00:04:46,640 Speaker 1: to at the time. No, But did you see that 78 00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:50,680 Speaker 1: quote about UM that described the Massingulle company. I think 79 00:04:50,720 --> 00:04:54,360 Speaker 1: even among you know, under the law. They were kind 80 00:04:54,360 --> 00:04:57,840 Speaker 1: of seen as rendegades, right. Yeah, the quote was from 81 00:04:57,839 --> 00:05:01,160 Speaker 1: the investigator. Apparently they just road drugs together and if 82 00:05:01,160 --> 00:05:06,360 Speaker 1: they don't explode, they're placed on sale. And that's at 83 00:05:06,400 --> 00:05:09,440 Speaker 1: that time, like in the thirties, right. So the mass 84 00:05:09,440 --> 00:05:12,239 Speaker 1: and Got company they made two hundred and forty gallons 85 00:05:12,240 --> 00:05:16,599 Speaker 1: initially of elix or sulfanillamide of this deadly, deadly poison 86 00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:20,320 Speaker 1: and started shipping it around the country as medicine in 87 00:05:20,360 --> 00:05:23,960 Speaker 1: September of ven and within just a couple of weeks 88 00:05:24,360 --> 00:05:27,880 Speaker 1: the first desks were starting to be reported. Yeah, and 89 00:05:28,160 --> 00:05:31,880 Speaker 1: it wasn't like these days where they find something like 90 00:05:31,960 --> 00:05:34,640 Speaker 1: oh this could cause a risk of cancer down the road, 91 00:05:35,200 --> 00:05:38,839 Speaker 1: like you drink this stuff and you die. Yeah. It 92 00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:42,440 Speaker 1: was that bad. Yeah, So I say we take a um, 93 00:05:42,880 --> 00:05:46,560 Speaker 1: we take a break. The sulfanillamia elixers out there is 94 00:05:46,560 --> 00:05:49,480 Speaker 1: starting to kill people, and we need to get some 95 00:05:49,480 --> 00:06:11,800 Speaker 1: commercial messages in all right, So Chuck, The A m 96 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:13,520 Speaker 1: A was around at the time. It was our poison 97 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:15,960 Speaker 1: control episode. Remember we said the NIMA was formed in 98 00:06:16,080 --> 00:06:18,280 Speaker 1: part as a response to this idea that people were 99 00:06:18,279 --> 00:06:21,039 Speaker 1: being poisoned and I didn't know why. So the A 100 00:06:21,240 --> 00:06:23,880 Speaker 1: m A Like they were keeping track of sulf vanilla 101 00:06:23,960 --> 00:06:26,320 Speaker 1: mid but they had not heard of this se mass 102 00:06:26,360 --> 00:06:29,680 Speaker 1: and guilt stuff, and they started getting reports of people 103 00:06:29,839 --> 00:06:32,080 Speaker 1: taking it and dying from it, and they wanted to 104 00:06:32,120 --> 00:06:34,839 Speaker 1: get to the bottom of that. Too sweet. Yeah, So 105 00:06:34,920 --> 00:06:37,359 Speaker 1: they called him up and they said, hey, do you 106 00:06:37,400 --> 00:06:41,960 Speaker 1: mind just send over that ingredient list our way and 107 00:06:42,640 --> 00:06:45,760 Speaker 1: mass and Gil did. And here's the thing, they didn't 108 00:06:45,760 --> 00:06:48,800 Speaker 1: really realize at the time what the deal was, Like 109 00:06:48,839 --> 00:06:50,440 Speaker 1: they had to do all these they weren't like, wait 110 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:54,599 Speaker 1: a minute, it's got diethylene glycol in it, that's what's 111 00:06:54,640 --> 00:06:56,760 Speaker 1: killing people. Because it was had only been around, I 112 00:06:56,760 --> 00:07:00,400 Speaker 1: think less than a decade or so, and obviously they 113 00:07:00,400 --> 00:07:02,080 Speaker 1: didn't know where they wouldn't have used that, Like I 114 00:07:02,080 --> 00:07:04,360 Speaker 1: don't think they willfully try to kill people. No, No, 115 00:07:04,480 --> 00:07:06,560 Speaker 1: certainly not. But the A M as you know, they 116 00:07:06,560 --> 00:07:08,719 Speaker 1: had to do test and they started sort of ruling 117 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:11,520 Speaker 1: things out, and they eventually found out that like, yeah, 118 00:07:11,640 --> 00:07:15,239 Speaker 1: seventy whatever two percent of this stuff is a deadly 119 00:07:15,320 --> 00:07:18,640 Speaker 1: poison and we need to start getting the message out 120 00:07:18,680 --> 00:07:23,240 Speaker 1: to newspapers and radios and telling people this um. But 121 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:26,880 Speaker 1: you know, that's tough to do in those years. It 122 00:07:27,040 --> 00:07:30,120 Speaker 1: is because um, as we'll see, the f d A 123 00:07:30,240 --> 00:07:33,240 Speaker 1: sent a bunch of agents out and they were they 124 00:07:33,280 --> 00:07:35,880 Speaker 1: were trying to get in touch with the traveling salesman 125 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:38,240 Speaker 1: for Mass and Gil, who were like, you know, they 126 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:41,800 Speaker 1: didn't have cell phones. They would you know, maybe leave 127 00:07:41,840 --> 00:07:44,080 Speaker 1: a forwarding address at a hotel that you'd have to 128 00:07:44,120 --> 00:07:47,400 Speaker 1: go shake down and the road. You go, yeah, you 129 00:07:47,440 --> 00:07:49,200 Speaker 1: go chase that down and you find that they were 130 00:07:49,200 --> 00:07:53,120 Speaker 1: already two cities beyond that last forwarding address, and um 131 00:07:53,720 --> 00:07:57,320 Speaker 1: and they're doing this in the context of like this 132 00:07:57,320 --> 00:08:00,600 Speaker 1: this race against the clock, that there's two pretty gallons 133 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:02,760 Speaker 1: of this stuff out there and people are being prescribed 134 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:05,160 Speaker 1: it and you're trying to find this traveling salesman who 135 00:08:05,240 --> 00:08:06,960 Speaker 1: can point you in the direction of where these things 136 00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:09,400 Speaker 1: were shipped to. Yeah, they also got in touch with 137 00:08:09,480 --> 00:08:14,720 Speaker 1: Mass and Gil and they went, yeah, we know, uh, 138 00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:18,040 Speaker 1: it's killing people and we're trying to get it back 139 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:22,280 Speaker 1: to We sent out these memos and on the wire 140 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:25,600 Speaker 1: and these telegrams saying that you know, we'd like the 141 00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:27,960 Speaker 1: stuff back and it could be dangerous. And then the 142 00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:32,440 Speaker 1: FDA said, no, man, send different telegrams saying you have 143 00:08:32,640 --> 00:08:36,320 Speaker 1: to do this it is killing people. And they did, 144 00:08:36,440 --> 00:08:38,960 Speaker 1: I mean, they complied that. You get the impression that 145 00:08:38,960 --> 00:08:43,320 Speaker 1: the Massing company was rather reluctant partner to the f 146 00:08:43,440 --> 00:08:48,040 Speaker 1: D a UM, but they did eventually do they took 147 00:08:48,080 --> 00:08:50,080 Speaker 1: all the right steps that the FDA was kind of 148 00:08:50,120 --> 00:08:53,199 Speaker 1: directing them too. Um. And so the FDA sent out 149 00:08:53,240 --> 00:08:56,080 Speaker 1: all those field agents, and the field agents would have trouble, 150 00:08:56,360 --> 00:08:58,920 Speaker 1: you know, tracking down a salesperson sometimes when they got 151 00:08:58,960 --> 00:09:00,560 Speaker 1: in touch with the one of these sales and they 152 00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:03,240 Speaker 1: would be worried about the company's image, so they would 153 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:05,920 Speaker 1: just not tell them who they sold these things too, 154 00:09:06,120 --> 00:09:08,720 Speaker 1: and so they'd have to go through sales slips, you know, 155 00:09:08,800 --> 00:09:12,000 Speaker 1: pharmacies around the country and um. When they would finally 156 00:09:12,040 --> 00:09:14,760 Speaker 1: get in touch with doctors and pharmacists, they'd be worried 157 00:09:14,800 --> 00:09:18,280 Speaker 1: about their legal liability, so they wouldn't be forthcoming with 158 00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:20,600 Speaker 1: any of this information too. It must have just been 159 00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:23,800 Speaker 1: really frustrating, you know. Yeah. I mean, so you've got 160 00:09:23,840 --> 00:09:26,560 Speaker 1: doctors that aren't really cooperating some of them did. I 161 00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:29,920 Speaker 1: think there was one story that you found where, uh, 162 00:09:30,480 --> 00:09:33,640 Speaker 1: a doctor actually postponed his wedding just to help find 163 00:09:33,679 --> 00:09:36,679 Speaker 1: one patient whose family had moved to the mountains with 164 00:09:36,679 --> 00:09:38,880 Speaker 1: a sick kid and took a bottle of that stuff 165 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:42,440 Speaker 1: along that the doctor had given him. Uh. But you know, 166 00:09:42,520 --> 00:09:45,040 Speaker 1: some were more cooperative than others. I think the f 167 00:09:45,200 --> 00:09:48,160 Speaker 1: d A they didn't have the teeth at the time 168 00:09:48,240 --> 00:09:51,240 Speaker 1: that they do now, and they could not force a 169 00:09:51,320 --> 00:09:54,120 Speaker 1: recall of a drug. Um, they were able to through 170 00:09:54,160 --> 00:09:57,679 Speaker 1: sort of a loophole in that it was called elixir 171 00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:00,920 Speaker 1: in on the label it was labeled as such, but 172 00:10:01,080 --> 00:10:06,360 Speaker 1: apparently in less Uh, it contains alcohol. It's not an elixir, 173 00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:09,400 Speaker 1: isn't that right? Yeah, it should have been called solution 174 00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:12,080 Speaker 1: sulfonilla mide. And the fact that they called it elixer 175 00:10:12,520 --> 00:10:16,720 Speaker 1: meant that technically it was mislabeled, and the FDA did 176 00:10:16,760 --> 00:10:20,640 Speaker 1: have the ability to seize drugs that were mislabeled under 177 00:10:20,679 --> 00:10:23,520 Speaker 1: the ninety Act. Yeah, but that was it. It's like 178 00:10:23,559 --> 00:10:26,400 Speaker 1: getting al capone on tax evasion. They were able to 179 00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:30,400 Speaker 1: get this this antibiotic back on this technicality that it 180 00:10:30,520 --> 00:10:34,480 Speaker 1: was misnamed, But that's what they proceeded under, and so 181 00:10:34,520 --> 00:10:37,360 Speaker 1: they were able to eventually get two hundred and thirty 182 00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:40,319 Speaker 1: four gallons and one point of the two hundred and 183 00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:44,760 Speaker 1: forty gallons that have been produced. Yeah, very great effort. Um. 184 00:10:44,800 --> 00:10:48,480 Speaker 1: I think in the end, a hundred and five men, 185 00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:53,040 Speaker 1: women and kids were killed. I think, uh or was it? 186 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:57,120 Speaker 1: That's total right? Yes, see, adults and thirty four kids. 187 00:10:57,760 --> 00:11:00,520 Speaker 1: And they said if they hadn't I mean that loophole 188 00:11:00,520 --> 00:11:03,240 Speaker 1: hadn't existed, that amount of liquid would have ended up 189 00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:06,720 Speaker 1: killing about four thousand people. Yeah, and I mean depending 190 00:11:06,760 --> 00:11:10,079 Speaker 1: on how they were prescribed, how much they were prescribed. Um. 191 00:11:10,240 --> 00:11:12,080 Speaker 1: They some of them died in two days, some of 192 00:11:12,120 --> 00:11:14,560 Speaker 1: them took three weeks to die, and they all died 193 00:11:14,600 --> 00:11:18,240 Speaker 1: agonizing dusk. But the idea that you know, thousands more 194 00:11:18,320 --> 00:11:20,720 Speaker 1: people could have died had the FDA not been able 195 00:11:20,760 --> 00:11:23,240 Speaker 1: to do something about it is pretty you know, he's 196 00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:25,920 Speaker 1: got to wipe your forehead with that one. Yeah. Um. 197 00:11:26,040 --> 00:11:28,199 Speaker 1: Doctor Harold Watkins that we mentioned, the Mass and Gill 198 00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:32,360 Speaker 1: chief chemist, he took his own life very sadly. There 199 00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:34,920 Speaker 1: was a lot of survivals guilt, a lot of physicians 200 00:11:35,440 --> 00:11:38,080 Speaker 1: as well as people that worked at Mass and Gille. Um, 201 00:11:38,840 --> 00:11:42,000 Speaker 1: we're just wrecked with guilt afterward for a long time. Um. 202 00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:46,440 Speaker 1: One of the doctors from Mount olive Um wrote to 203 00:11:46,600 --> 00:11:49,319 Speaker 1: the President to f d R and said, please pass 204 00:11:49,600 --> 00:11:54,600 Speaker 1: some more oversight measures over medicines because six of my patients, 205 00:11:54,880 --> 00:11:57,360 Speaker 1: including my best friend, are now dead because of what 206 00:11:57,400 --> 00:12:00,000 Speaker 1: I gave them. Yeah, that doctor I have to give 207 00:12:00,040 --> 00:12:05,240 Speaker 1: shout out is quoted in a FDA consumer magazine article 208 00:12:05,880 --> 00:12:10,280 Speaker 1: with the title Taste of Raspberries Taste of death. Colon 209 00:12:10,360 --> 00:12:15,480 Speaker 1: no joke, that's it. No no colon comments. Then all right, 210 00:12:15,640 --> 00:12:18,000 Speaker 1: it should have been colon The Rise and Fall of 211 00:12:18,080 --> 00:12:23,360 Speaker 1: the Deadly elictor there was another death related to a 212 00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:26,920 Speaker 1: to chuck. Um. Remember how we were saying, You said 213 00:12:26,960 --> 00:12:29,600 Speaker 1: that the FDA just didn't have any the teeth to 214 00:12:29,600 --> 00:12:31,839 Speaker 1: to make to enforce this. Well they got the teeth. 215 00:12:31,840 --> 00:12:35,120 Speaker 1: There have been legislation kicking around in Washington to update 216 00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:39,520 Speaker 1: that UM, that nine six Act and UM. When this happened, 217 00:12:39,520 --> 00:12:41,680 Speaker 1: you know, the public outcry was so much that it 218 00:12:41,679 --> 00:12:44,080 Speaker 1: helped this logic and get it past. But it was 219 00:12:44,160 --> 00:12:48,440 Speaker 1: under the championship of UM Senator Royal Copeland of New 220 00:12:48,520 --> 00:12:52,080 Speaker 1: York who sponsored that bill, and he dropped dead of 221 00:12:52,160 --> 00:12:56,920 Speaker 1: exhaustion four days after it was passed. Whenever I see that, 222 00:12:57,080 --> 00:13:01,200 Speaker 1: I think in what else, Yeah, like how many cigarettes 223 00:13:01,200 --> 00:13:03,880 Speaker 1: didn't smoke? I think there was a what else? For sure. 224 00:13:03,920 --> 00:13:06,120 Speaker 1: But you know, I mean, like, I think I think 225 00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:08,760 Speaker 1: there was some truth to it. I agreed, though, I 226 00:13:08,760 --> 00:13:11,160 Speaker 1: think that that was I think that's wise to take 227 00:13:11,559 --> 00:13:14,880 Speaker 1: died of exhaustion as a grain of salt. Agreed, you 228 00:13:14,960 --> 00:13:18,480 Speaker 1: got any salted eat, You can die from salt, just 229 00:13:18,880 --> 00:13:21,360 Speaker 1: it has nothing to do with exhaustion. I got nothing else. 230 00:13:21,440 --> 00:13:26,200 Speaker 1: Good when promise, uh, promise kept yes fulfilled the next 231 00:13:26,320 --> 00:13:30,120 Speaker 1: day even uh and since we're done everybody, that means short. 232 00:13:30,160 --> 00:13:37,040 Speaker 1: Stuff is stuff you should know is a production of 233 00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:40,520 Speaker 1: iHeart Radio. For more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the 234 00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:43,520 Speaker 1: i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen 235 00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:44,560 Speaker 1: to your favorite shows.