WEBVTT - How China's Pollution Sniffers Work

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<v Speaker 1>Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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<v Speaker 1>It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should Know

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<v Speaker 1>from House Stuff Works dot Com. Hi, and welcome to

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<v Speaker 1>the podcast. My name's Josh. The guy across from his

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<v Speaker 1>name's Chuck. Say Hi, Chuck, Hi, how are you hey? Chuck?

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<v Speaker 1>You know, I was reading an article today and basically

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<v Speaker 1>they've recently found out that air pollution, as if it

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<v Speaker 1>weren't bad enough for your lungs, it actually interferes with

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<v Speaker 1>your heart's electrical activity. You're kidding, No, No, I would

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<v Speaker 1>not kid about that, Chuck. I take the hearts electrical

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<v Speaker 1>activity very seriously. Yeah. So, um, basically, our bodies can

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<v Speaker 1>kind of get rid of particles. Then there's fine particles,

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<v Speaker 1>which are a little more difficult. Now we have something

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<v Speaker 1>called ultra fine particles sub microscopic. They basically get into

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<v Speaker 1>your body and just read all manner of havoc. And

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<v Speaker 1>as far as I know, we weren't aware that it

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<v Speaker 1>really interfered with any process of the heart up to

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<v Speaker 1>this point. But yeah, basically, um, I think it was

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<v Speaker 1>the Journal of the American Heart Association where this study

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<v Speaker 1>was published, and when somebody undergoes some sort of heart surgery,

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<v Speaker 1>that kind of thing, they recommend that they avoid traffic anyway, right,

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<v Speaker 1>for stress levels. And yeah, because you know how upset

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<v Speaker 1>you get in traffic. I've seen you don't. Don't pretend

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<v Speaker 1>like you don't know. I take the subway, bro, I'm

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<v Speaker 1>I'm traffic free, right, And why do you take the subway?

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<v Speaker 1>Because traffic makes me crazy? Precisely so, they used to

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<v Speaker 1>recommend that that heart patients stay away from traffic for

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<v Speaker 1>two to three weeks after getting back from the hospital,

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<v Speaker 1>and they still do, but now for this other reason,

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<v Speaker 1>because you know, all this traffic pollution can interfere with

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<v Speaker 1>your heart's electrical activity. Is this only big cities or

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<v Speaker 1>is it across the board? Across the board, I would imagine,

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<v Speaker 1>because I mean, if you're if you have your window

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<v Speaker 1>rolled down and you're in any kind of traffic, you're

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<v Speaker 1>just sucking that stuff. Course. And now some places are

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<v Speaker 1>worse than others. I know one place where they would

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<v Speaker 1>recommend you not drive after Where Where would that be? China? China? Yes,

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<v Speaker 1>pretty much anywhere in China. There are some rural parts

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<v Speaker 1>of China that are pretty clean. You know, lots of trees,

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<v Speaker 1>that kind of thing. But just about any city in

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<v Speaker 1>China is going to have a pretty high level pollution

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<v Speaker 1>as a matter of fact, as far as I know.

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<v Speaker 1>In two thousand and six, the World Bank Fine Bank

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<v Speaker 1>UH conducted a survey of the twenty most polluted cities

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<v Speaker 1>in the world. This is amazing to me. Sixteen of

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<v Speaker 1>the twenty we're in China. I know that's four fifths, right, Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>that's four fifths by my math. That sounds good. That

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<v Speaker 1>is a lot. So I don't know if Beijing fell

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<v Speaker 1>off of that because they China pulled out all the

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<v Speaker 1>stops to keep Beijing's pollution down. During the Olympics, well,

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<v Speaker 1>I know, I remember watching I believe some was it cyclists,

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<v Speaker 1>US cyclists that kind of caused a little bit of

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<v Speaker 1>a stir when they showed up in Beijing wearing masks,

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<v Speaker 1>breathing masks. I hadn't seen that. I know that all

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<v Speaker 1>manner of athletes were saying that they may not go

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<v Speaker 1>compete in Beijing because they took very seriously the damage

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<v Speaker 1>it was going to do to their bodies. Yeah, they

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<v Speaker 1>were walking around wearing masks, and a lot of people

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<v Speaker 1>were pretty upset about that. Yeah, well, I mean, how

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<v Speaker 1>can you play I've seen pictures. I've never been to Beijing,

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<v Speaker 1>but unless these photos were retouched, it was it was

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<v Speaker 1>pretty serious stuff. Well I think I know where this

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<v Speaker 1>is leading. Yeah, I think you do too, because you know,

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<v Speaker 1>we planned it out ourselves. Pollution sniffing, right. Um, there

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<v Speaker 1>was a group that was assembled and as far as

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<v Speaker 1>I know, they weren't assembled specifically for the Olympics. I

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<v Speaker 1>don't think they've been disbanded. I guess is what I

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<v Speaker 1>mean that the Olympics are over um to walk around

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<v Speaker 1>a province in China, uh, the Guandong province. Please forgive

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<v Speaker 1>me any anyone of Chinese ancestry or from China for

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<v Speaker 1>that terrible, terrible pronunciation. But they walk around the Guandong

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<v Speaker 1>province and sniff out air pollution and they're trained to

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<v Speaker 1>do something, very highly trained. Actually, yeah, it's it's it's

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<v Speaker 1>kind of an unbelievable thing, but it's really true. It

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<v Speaker 1>is true. It is true. Again, I've never met any

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<v Speaker 1>of these people, but I can tell you from all

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<v Speaker 1>reports this is this is a real thing. Um. Basically,

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<v Speaker 1>they took they took a group of I guess, above

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<v Speaker 1>average smellers. I imagine that they're probably not smokers. There

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<v Speaker 1>was some requisition, um, and they took them into this

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<v Speaker 1>this laboratory and had them sniff different noxious smells to

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<v Speaker 1>train their senses. Right yeah, yeah, but they did it

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<v Speaker 1>very intensively. And there's actually a study um that came

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<v Speaker 1>out of I think Northwestern UH that showed that the

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<v Speaker 1>more you sniff a certain smell, the more of an

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<v Speaker 1>expert you becoming in right, you can hone in and

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<v Speaker 1>get more specific with it, because much more complex. So

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, for example, if you smell a flower, a

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<v Speaker 1>certain flower, first time you smell it, you've created a

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<v Speaker 1>it's been codd there's a there's a sense memory in

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<v Speaker 1>your brain memory and um, anytime you see at that

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<v Speaker 1>kind of flower, that set membory is probably going to

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<v Speaker 1>be triggered. So you'll be getting this visual information like, oh,

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<v Speaker 1>there's that flower, and this is what it smells like.

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<v Speaker 1>You know. Um, So once it becomes coated, it's there.

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<v Speaker 1>But it can the complexity of our idea of what

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<v Speaker 1>the thing smells like can be expanded and and subtracted

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<v Speaker 1>from as far as the more he's fine. Sure, So

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<v Speaker 1>this generally happens over time, Like you smell the flower

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<v Speaker 1>once in a while, and you know with the China

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<v Speaker 1>pollution sniffers. Uh, this was a very intensive training period.

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<v Speaker 1>It was over and over again, smell the sulfur. Smell

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<v Speaker 1>the sulfur. You have no choice, back of the net,

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<v Speaker 1>kind of sac blocked in a room smelling these things.

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<v Speaker 1>And it's not a pleasant task. And they even are

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<v Speaker 1>on records it's saying that it is no fun. But

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<v Speaker 1>because they were also trained to smell harmless smells as

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<v Speaker 1>well noxious like like terribly offensive odors, but ones that

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<v Speaker 1>weren't necessarily harmful. So aparently these people were trained to

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<v Speaker 1>walk past any you know, garbage dump or smoke stack

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<v Speaker 1>and go, you know, there's X amount of sulfur in there,

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<v Speaker 1>and I smell a little black carbon and maybe some

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<v Speaker 1>dog poop. That's not that bad, but it's in there.

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<v Speaker 1>Sure maybe so maybe so spring roll to say the least. So. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>The one thing I never figured out was why I

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<v Speaker 1>got the who, the how, the wind, the what. I

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<v Speaker 1>never figured out the why Why would you train people

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<v Speaker 1>to smell? Well, I would think because they could pinpoint,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, pollution and do something about it. Or is

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<v Speaker 1>that not the case. Well, we we could anyway with

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<v Speaker 1>electronic sensors. Are you talking about the NASA device that's

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<v Speaker 1>one of many. As a matter of fact, I'm pretty

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<v Speaker 1>sure if you want, I've got car keys. I know

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<v Speaker 1>you took the train, But we could go to radio

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<v Speaker 1>shack right now, and I'm pretty sure we could probably

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<v Speaker 1>find some sort of old factory sensing device, an electronic

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<v Speaker 1>version of it check probably if it were a good

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<v Speaker 1>radio check. It would depend on the location. Um, but

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<v Speaker 1>I don't understand, like why you would train humans to

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<v Speaker 1>do this. The the one clear point is you can

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<v Speaker 1>send the radio check or the NASA old factory sensor

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<v Speaker 1>out and it will report back. You know, there's this

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<v Speaker 1>many parts per million of you know, carbon dioxide or

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<v Speaker 1>sulfur or whatever in the air, but it's not gonna

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<v Speaker 1>have any reaction a human would. So it's the human

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<v Speaker 1>would be like, you know, oh, there's sulfur dioxide and

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<v Speaker 1>I'm dying, which is really the one real drawback with

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<v Speaker 1>the pollution. Exactly when you have humans doing this, it

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<v Speaker 1>takes its toll on you know, not only their senses

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<v Speaker 1>but their health. So it does make you wonder why

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<v Speaker 1>they would send people in there. Precisely, and you never

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<v Speaker 1>found out. No, I never had a clue and as

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<v Speaker 1>a matter of fact, it was never spoken of in

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<v Speaker 1>any of the articles I read when I was researching this.

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<v Speaker 1>But um, it seemed to me the big elephant in

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<v Speaker 1>the room, like these people are going to die horrible

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<v Speaker 1>debts in the next few years. Well, and also there

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<v Speaker 1>that seems like their smell would deteriorate or at least

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<v Speaker 1>be you know, neutralized or something over time. Yeah, but

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<v Speaker 1>they're they're recertified every three years. The schedule was every

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<v Speaker 1>three years they would be re certified. So I guess

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<v Speaker 1>that kind of shows that they weren't going to be

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<v Speaker 1>disbanded after the Olympics. Um, because the the olfactory sense

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<v Speaker 1>does deteriorate over time. But the exposure to these harmful chemicals,

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<v Speaker 1>especially in the training uh seminar or segment of the

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<v Speaker 1>of the the whole pollution sniffing academy, UM, I would

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<v Speaker 1>think would really pose a serious health risk, right. I

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<v Speaker 1>would think they would use that, you know, we're talking

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<v Speaker 1>about the NASA thing and then to go the ENOS

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<v Speaker 1>is what they call it. It was just a cute

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<v Speaker 1>and of course is that love that name? And uh,

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<v Speaker 1>they'd use that on the space Shuttle right to detect

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<v Speaker 1>ammonia leaks, which makes a lot of sense that they

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<v Speaker 1>wouldn't send a human up in the space shuttle to

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<v Speaker 1>you know, sniff for money. It seems like it's around

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<v Speaker 1>is or her next thing like ammonia sniffer or I

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<v Speaker 1>break for ammonia right the well, the other the other

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<v Speaker 1>argument against that, aside from you know, that being a

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<v Speaker 1>suicide mission, is that a human just can't smell it

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<v Speaker 1>as as well as this enos can um. You know,

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<v Speaker 1>we can get you know, X number of parts per million.

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<v Speaker 1>Let's say, you know, several hundred parts per million before

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<v Speaker 1>we realize, oh, there's ammonia leak and I'm dead. This

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<v Speaker 1>enos can sniff something like I think one part per million,

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<v Speaker 1>one part per million, you're right, So it knows the

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<v Speaker 1>ammonia leak is going on long before any human has

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<v Speaker 1>even sniffed ammonia. You know how noxious and smelling ammonia is.

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<v Speaker 1>So that's that's the purpose of the enos and it

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<v Speaker 1>goes on. It's equally impressive um down here on Earth.

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<v Speaker 1>It can tell the difference between coke and pepsi. That's

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<v Speaker 1>so awesome, and not not by tasting obviously, no no, no,

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<v Speaker 1>just by smelling, just by smelling, and the other one, Uh,

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<v Speaker 1>it can sense it can it can sniff an electrical

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<v Speaker 1>fire before the fire actually breaks out. Yeah, so so

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<v Speaker 1>the Jet Propulsion Laboratories EENOS is a very valuable item

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<v Speaker 1>to have on board when you're in space. Well, one

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<v Speaker 1>thing I found interesting Joshua was reading this was the

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<v Speaker 1>way smell works is is sort of like the way

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<v Speaker 1>taste works. Yeah, we don't know, and I know we've

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<v Speaker 1>talked about that. Well, I'm talking about specifically the shape

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<v Speaker 1>of the smell receptors and taste receptors. Well, that's a

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<v Speaker 1>that's the theory. They have the same theory for how

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<v Speaker 1>we taste and how we smell. But they both boiled

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<v Speaker 1>down to the fact that their their theories. We don't

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<v Speaker 1>know for certain exactly what's going on. These are these

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<v Speaker 1>are pretty good theories. You want to you want to

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<v Speaker 1>tell them about the the receptor idea, Well, it's it's

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<v Speaker 1>about the the shape, like a certain smell will fit

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<v Speaker 1>a certain shape for the in the in the old

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<v Speaker 1>factory bundle. Is that what it's called, Yes, the old

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<v Speaker 1>factory nerve. Right, Well, these are receptors at the end,

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<v Speaker 1>they're all specialized exactly, but not too specialized, because one

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<v Speaker 1>thing it's found really interesting was that some of the molecules,

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<v Speaker 1>the shape and structure, have completely different smells right there.

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<v Speaker 1>That you can have two molecules that have the same shape,

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<v Speaker 1>same structure, you can't tell anything any difference between them,

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<v Speaker 1>but they have but they register as different smells, which

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<v Speaker 1>kind of shoots a hole in the I think it's

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<v Speaker 1>called the lock and key theory, which they have for

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<v Speaker 1>tastes as well. Uh, certain certain molecules unlock a certain receptor, right, Um,

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<v Speaker 1>so we've got the same thing for taste and in

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<v Speaker 1>the same thing for smell, and they're both equally shoddy theories,

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<v Speaker 1>although they're they're they're predominantly accepted theories. Right. But if

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<v Speaker 1>if the smell molecules can be the same, if they

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<v Speaker 1>can double up, does that explain things like maybe if

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<v Speaker 1>your fart smells like lasagna. I think if your fart

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<v Speaker 1>smells like lasagna, you may have some sort of synesthesia.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm not entirely certain, but you may want to consult

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<v Speaker 1>a physician if your fart smell like lasagna. I wasn't

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<v Speaker 1>speaking personally, I just use as an example. That's okay, chuck, okay, okay.

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<v Speaker 1>So um yeah, I think you have different different receptors

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<v Speaker 1>can be assaulted at the same time to produce a combination. Um,

0:12:09.200 --> 0:12:12.000
<v Speaker 1>much like jellybellies. You know have you have you ever

0:12:12.000 --> 0:12:15.360
<v Speaker 1>eaten jellybelly? Jelly beans? I'm not a jelly bean guy.

0:12:15.559 --> 0:12:18.440
<v Speaker 1>These things are not jelly beans alright. Anyway, if you

0:12:18.480 --> 0:12:21.559
<v Speaker 1>get a bag of it on the back, it says like,

0:12:21.760 --> 0:12:25.599
<v Speaker 1>you know too, blueberry plus one. I think toasted marshmallow

0:12:25.720 --> 0:12:30.280
<v Speaker 1>creates like the flavor of like a blueberry muffin. So

0:12:30.320 --> 0:12:33.000
<v Speaker 1>there's different recipes. Come up with your own. It's very fun.

0:12:33.040 --> 0:12:34.600
<v Speaker 1>Are these the ones that are kind of nasty too?

0:12:34.720 --> 0:12:38.640
<v Speaker 1>Like they have booger and across? I think you're confusing

0:12:38.679 --> 0:12:45.080
<v Speaker 1>a Harry Potter with reality again. Well, um, maybe I am.

0:12:45.160 --> 0:12:47.680
<v Speaker 1>They don't. I don't know, maybe they If anybody has

0:12:47.840 --> 0:12:52.400
<v Speaker 1>hallapeno flavored jelly beans, it would probably be jellybelly. Um.

0:12:52.600 --> 0:12:55.680
<v Speaker 1>But they they're they're generally pretty good. They have some

0:12:55.720 --> 0:12:57.520
<v Speaker 1>pretty good ones, although they do have some that are

0:12:57.920 --> 0:13:01.920
<v Speaker 1>non traditional, like coffee cappuccino and well, maybe we should

0:13:01.920 --> 0:13:04.280
<v Speaker 1>send some of these to our pollution sniffing friends in China.

0:13:04.400 --> 0:13:07.520
<v Speaker 1>Oh they could tell the difference, I guarantee. Yeah, so

0:13:07.960 --> 0:13:10.079
<v Speaker 1>you got everything you got that, you got the pollution

0:13:10.080 --> 0:13:12.520
<v Speaker 1>sniffers down. Yeah. I feel sorry for these guys. It's

0:13:12.559 --> 0:13:16.800
<v Speaker 1>done something a great job. They volunteered, Yes, they volunteered.

0:13:16.800 --> 0:13:19.360
<v Speaker 1>No one pressed them into service. Gereman now is long

0:13:19.360 --> 0:13:22.320
<v Speaker 1>long dead and so yes, and they are paid probably

0:13:22.400 --> 0:13:25.640
<v Speaker 1>pretty well, so don't feel too terribly bad. They're doing

0:13:25.679 --> 0:13:28.439
<v Speaker 1>this on their own accord, and they're helping, you know,

0:13:28.600 --> 0:13:32.720
<v Speaker 1>the people in Guangdong Province by keeping them from harm rightfully.

0:13:32.800 --> 0:13:36.720
<v Speaker 1>So yeah, we sold me good. And you can learn

0:13:36.760 --> 0:13:40.280
<v Speaker 1>more about pollution sniffers and how stuff works dot com.

0:13:40.360 --> 0:13:42.480
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0:13:44.120 --> 0:13:46.199
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0:13:46.320 --> 0:13:51.800
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0:13:51.880 --> 0:13:55.240
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0:13:55.320 --> 0:13:55.520
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