WEBVTT - The Truth about Lie Detectors 0:00:00.320 --> 0:00:02.920 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 0:00:03.200 --> 0:00:08.920 It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology? With 0:00:09.080 --> 0:00:17.599 tech Stuff from how stuff works dot com. Hello, everyone, 0:00:17.680 --> 0:00:19.959 welcome to tech Stuff. My name is Chris Polette, and 0:00:19.960 --> 0:00:21.759 I am the tech editor here at how stuff works 0:00:21.800 --> 0:00:24.640 dot Com, sitting across from me as usual as senior 0:00:24.640 --> 0:00:29.200 writer Jonathan Strickland. Actually I am also Chris Polette. I'm 0:00:29.200 --> 0:00:32.240 sorry what I'm just seeing if I can get away 0:00:32.240 --> 0:00:35.680 with it. That's not true. No, it's not true. It 0:00:35.840 --> 0:00:42.279 leads to our listener mail. This listener mail comes from 0:00:42.320 --> 0:00:46.640 Boris or if you wish, Bobcat, and I do wish, 0:00:46.800 --> 0:00:51.240 So this listener mail comes from Bobcat, who says, hello, 0:00:51.280 --> 0:00:53.720 beloved tech eas First of all, I have to say 0:00:53.720 --> 0:00:56.520 that I really appreciated the rant and other outbursts of 0:00:56.560 --> 0:01:00.240 skepticism in your ghost Hunting Technology episode. That has been 0:01:00.240 --> 0:01:03.760 a profound absence of critical thinking and evidence based positions 0:01:03.760 --> 0:01:06.600 on various issues coming from the media lately, and your 0:01:06.600 --> 0:01:08.920 show has definitely made me feel as if there's hope 0:01:08.959 --> 0:01:12.640 for rationality and non wackiness. So kudos you've made at 0:01:12.720 --> 0:01:17.360 least one listener as happy as pie. If you're considering 0:01:17.400 --> 0:01:20.679 doing more podcasts with related undertones of skepticism, I suggest 0:01:20.720 --> 0:01:23.600 that you guys consider taking on things like radiometric dating 0:01:23.640 --> 0:01:27.080 technologies as well as lie detectors and the technology of spying. 0:01:27.319 --> 0:01:29.360 That is, how some believe that the government may be 0:01:29.480 --> 0:01:32.520 watching us and how they actually do. Also, during the 0:01:32.520 --> 0:01:34.759 sci Fi Movies podcast from before, you brought up doll 0:01:34.800 --> 0:01:38.000 House in passing still can't believe it's over. Why cover 0:01:38.200 --> 0:01:41.520 movies for a podcast, not do TV shows and then 0:01:41.680 --> 0:01:45.240 rub it in our faces by mentioning Dollhouse. I expect 0:01:45.240 --> 0:01:49.400 this gross malfie essence to be corrected as soon or malfeasance, 0:01:49.440 --> 0:01:52.280 I guess I should say my brain is not working. 0:01:52.560 --> 0:01:55.240 Should should be corrected soon. And with one of those 0:01:55.280 --> 0:01:58.600 annoying listener mail announcements from Strickland, thanks for maintaining your 0:01:58.680 --> 0:02:01.120 high standard of podcast. Yes, except for the fact that 0:02:01.160 --> 0:02:05.920 I mispronounced malfeasance. Um well boris thanks a lot. We 0:02:06.000 --> 0:02:11.120 actually decided from this email to take one specific UH suggestion, 0:02:11.120 --> 0:02:13.960 which was the light detector suggestion. I thought that was 0:02:13.960 --> 0:02:16.880 an excellent suggestion. We can talk about how they work 0:02:16.919 --> 0:02:19.560 and how they do not work, because they do both 0:02:19.560 --> 0:02:23.480 at the same time. As it turns out, I'm sorry, 0:02:23.520 --> 0:02:26.079 I was still thinking about pie. Yeah, I was still 0:02:26.120 --> 0:02:30.560 thinking of Malfie, Yes, and so uh in suburbia. But 0:02:33.280 --> 0:02:35.240 you know, you know, once in a while I dropped 0:02:35.280 --> 0:02:37.520 a bomb like that and then I beat myself up 0:02:37.520 --> 0:02:41.040 over it for the next like three months apparently. So anyway, yeah, 0:02:41.080 --> 0:02:43.880 let's talk about let's talk about polygraphs. Light detectors. So 0:02:44.000 --> 0:02:48.480 those those highly calibrated machines that it takes you know, 0:02:48.520 --> 0:02:54.840 a train forensic psycho physiologist, uh, weeks to learn. Yeah, 0:02:55.040 --> 0:02:57.359 yeah you could. It could take you up to fourteen 0:02:57.400 --> 0:02:59.679 whole weeks to learn how to operate one of these things. 0:03:00.000 --> 0:03:02.640 All right, before we get too far, let's let's let's 0:03:02.680 --> 0:03:05.360 make some things very clear. First of all, light detectors do, 0:03:05.600 --> 0:03:08.400 in fact measure things. They're not just it's not just 0:03:08.440 --> 0:03:12.040 a box with some little pens that scribble on a 0:03:12.080 --> 0:03:15.960 paper randomly. It's not like it's it's um uh, you know, 0:03:16.160 --> 0:03:20.160 just a fake tool. Um. What they do is they 0:03:20.280 --> 0:03:24.800 measure physiological responses over a set period of time, the 0:03:24.800 --> 0:03:26.720 set period being whenever you turn the machine on and 0:03:26.760 --> 0:03:30.119 whenever you turn the machine off. Um. But it does 0:03:30.200 --> 0:03:34.239 this through three main methods. It measures your respiratory rate. 0:03:34.960 --> 0:03:37.480 That would be uh, the respiratory Right there is Chris 0:03:37.840 --> 0:03:41.840 breathing heavily into his mike getting it's just if any 0:03:41.840 --> 0:03:44.640 of you found that creepy right tech stuff at kustaphors 0:03:44.720 --> 0:03:47.280 dot com. I know I will be. And then it 0:03:47.320 --> 0:03:50.720 also measures your pulse rate. It has a pressure cup 0:03:50.720 --> 0:03:56.000 on your arm. Oh my god, hey, you know I'm okay. 0:03:55.120 --> 0:03:58.360 I want as as a as the person who is 0:03:58.360 --> 0:04:00.480 sitting here in the studio with Chris at this time. 0:04:00.480 --> 0:04:02.040 I can't wait to see what he has to do 0:04:02.120 --> 0:04:04.440 about this one. I got nothing for this. Third. The 0:04:04.480 --> 0:04:08.160 third thing it measures is galvanic response, which technically is 0:04:08.320 --> 0:04:14.080 um sweating. And yeah, Chris is always sweating buckets, so 0:04:14.120 --> 0:04:16.200 it's kind of hard to tell from one moment to 0:04:16.240 --> 0:04:19.920 the next if he's actually, you know, trying to display something, 0:04:20.440 --> 0:04:23.640 if he's trying to to illustrate a point. But that's 0:04:23.680 --> 0:04:29.240 just as he's not really sweating. So they do this 0:04:29.400 --> 0:04:31.960 through various methods. There's like a there's one that will 0:04:31.960 --> 0:04:34.920 be sensors that are placed around your chest to measure 0:04:34.960 --> 0:04:38.360 your your chest expansion and contraction. Wise, your breathing would 0:04:38.360 --> 0:04:40.520 be the respiratory rate. Part that would be the respiratory rate. 0:04:40.520 --> 0:04:43.159 There's a pressure cuff placed along one arm that measures 0:04:43.160 --> 0:04:46.760 the pulse the blood pressure right right, and then there 0:04:46.760 --> 0:04:50.080 are electrodes attached to the fingers to measure the galvanic 0:04:50.160 --> 0:04:54.080 response that the amount of sweat. Yes, okay, so they 0:04:54.080 --> 0:04:56.040 have a bucket underneath the tables, you know, if it 0:04:56.160 --> 0:04:59.520 gets out of hand. Yeah, when Muggsy comes in, they're like, okay, 0:04:59.600 --> 0:05:02.320 we got us weather, Let's let's put a bucket under there. 0:05:02.880 --> 0:05:09.440 So these are always measuring these changes in the rates. 0:05:09.480 --> 0:05:13.360 They have to establish a baseline first, and any change 0:05:13.640 --> 0:05:18.040 in any of those three uh factors will result in 0:05:18.279 --> 0:05:23.279 a needle on the paper scribbling something um so that 0:05:23.400 --> 0:05:26.400 you'll see you can actually see where the changes happen 0:05:27.160 --> 0:05:29.960 along along the set time period. I think we've all 0:05:29.960 --> 0:05:32.520 seen a movie or TV show where the you know, 0:05:32.560 --> 0:05:35.560 they've done that close up shot and little needle going right, 0:05:35.560 --> 0:05:38.160 the needles starts shaking back and forth really crazy. In 0:05:38.160 --> 0:05:40.120 case any of you can't hear that, you know what, 0:05:40.160 --> 0:05:42.000 we should just leave it to Liz to put in 0:05:42.040 --> 0:05:44.320 the little scratchy sounds, because I bet that picks up 0:05:44.320 --> 0:05:46.240 a lot better than you scratching on your laptop. I 0:05:46.240 --> 0:05:48.760 don't know. They can pick up footsteps outside the studio, 0:05:48.839 --> 0:05:52.160 that's true. We have her bigfoot lurking outside our studio 0:05:52.200 --> 0:05:55.480 occasionally anyway, but at any rate. Okay, So so yeah, 0:05:55.520 --> 0:05:59.320 these it's not just one line of data. It's actually 0:05:59.520 --> 0:06:01.720 uh several lines of data because you get the you 0:06:01.720 --> 0:06:06.240 get one essentially for each um uh factor. So uh, 0:06:06.320 --> 0:06:10.800 there are three different needles measuring it, and ideally you 0:06:10.800 --> 0:06:12.800 would be able to look at the three different lines 0:06:12.920 --> 0:06:15.080 and be able to tell when there was a major 0:06:15.760 --> 0:06:20.920 uh change in someone's physiological response. Well, there's there's sort 0:06:20.960 --> 0:06:24.720 of a hypothetical basis on which you could say if 0:06:24.760 --> 0:06:26.720 somebody was lying, you would expect them to be more 0:06:26.760 --> 0:06:30.520 stressed out than if they were telling the truth, preventing 0:06:30.520 --> 0:06:33.000 the truth from coming out. Right. That's that's what the whole, 0:06:33.120 --> 0:06:36.919 the whole basis of of polygraph is is. That's the 0:06:36.920 --> 0:06:40.080 foundation for the polygraph test. The foundation for the polygraph 0:06:40.120 --> 0:06:43.440 test is an assumption that if you lie about something, 0:06:43.880 --> 0:06:47.040 you will your body will respond, will engage in the 0:06:47.080 --> 0:06:49.800 fight or flight response. Not to take something from our 0:06:49.839 --> 0:06:52.880 sister podcast stuff, you should know, that's their favorite phrase 0:06:53.120 --> 0:06:55.160 or it used to be anyway, but the fight or 0:06:55.160 --> 0:06:59.080 flight response tends to pop into play whenever you are 0:06:59.160 --> 0:07:02.960 trying to to conceal something. At least that's the theory. Now. 0:07:03.000 --> 0:07:05.799 If this were to hold true, if every single person 0:07:05.839 --> 0:07:08.839 in the world were to respond in a similar way 0:07:08.880 --> 0:07:11.960 whenever they were trying to be elusive or lie about something, 0:07:12.240 --> 0:07:15.800 then the light detector test might actually work if everyone 0:07:15.880 --> 0:07:19.120 responded the same way. But we're human beings. Turns out 0:07:19.160 --> 0:07:22.680 we all have different responses to the same sort of 0:07:22.720 --> 0:07:27.080 sensory input. Some of us, uh get very anxious at times, 0:07:27.160 --> 0:07:29.960 including myself. There are there are certain situations where I 0:07:30.040 --> 0:07:34.400 get very very anxious, and um, I'm certain that if 0:07:34.440 --> 0:07:37.080 I were ever brought in to be questioned about something, 0:07:37.320 --> 0:07:39.880 I would be very anxious about it. Not because necessarily 0:07:39.960 --> 0:07:42.640 that I did something. I'm not saying I did, and 0:07:42.680 --> 0:07:46.120 I'm not saying that didn't. I'm just saying that, yeah, 0:07:46.200 --> 0:07:48.600 But in either case, even if I were completely innocent 0:07:48.680 --> 0:07:51.480 of it, I know that people asking me these questions 0:07:51.480 --> 0:07:54.160 would make me nervous and my body would react in 0:07:54.200 --> 0:07:56.720 such a way that, uh, it would be very difficult 0:07:56.760 --> 0:08:00.320 to say that a reading that you got for me 0:08:00.400 --> 0:08:03.640 would be, would would indicate a live versus truth just 0:08:03.680 --> 0:08:05.880 because I would be anxious no matter if I had 0:08:05.880 --> 0:08:09.600 done it or not. Uh. Conversely, there are people out 0:08:09.600 --> 0:08:13.600 there who are consummate liars, and either they are delusional 0:08:13.600 --> 0:08:16.440 and actually believe the things they're saying, they're sociopaths, they 0:08:16.480 --> 0:08:20.560 don't care what they're saying, or they've trained themselves to 0:08:21.400 --> 0:08:25.920 not give away these physiological responses so that it's very 0:08:25.960 --> 0:08:28.160 difficult to tell whether or not they're telling the truth. 0:08:28.800 --> 0:08:31.520 Everything looks like the truth. It's kind of fascinating to 0:08:31.560 --> 0:08:35.480 think that there are actually people that are you know, 0:08:35.559 --> 0:08:37.960 that actually believe that what they are saying is true, 0:08:38.040 --> 0:08:42.439 even when it's you know, a patent lie. Yeah. Um. 0:08:42.480 --> 0:08:45.720 But you know, if if somebody is delusional about that 0:08:45.760 --> 0:08:47.720 and believes that what they are saying is true, then 0:08:47.720 --> 0:08:50.280 they're not going to register any kind of response like that. 0:08:50.720 --> 0:08:53.520 They believe it to be true. And as time passes, 0:08:53.880 --> 0:08:57.960 it's it's easier and easier to believe a lie. Uh. 0:08:58.000 --> 0:09:00.319 I mean uh. And and in some case when I'm 0:09:00.320 --> 0:09:02.920 saying lie, it may just be an exaggeration. For example, 0:09:03.320 --> 0:09:05.240 if you think about something that happened to you in 0:09:05.280 --> 0:09:08.160 your childhood and you tell the story about it, and uh, 0:09:08.200 --> 0:09:10.480 it can. It's one of those things that I've mentioned 0:09:10.480 --> 0:09:13.679 this before. It can build over time, like you elaborate 0:09:13.720 --> 0:09:16.920 the story and you might exaggerate one fact over another, 0:09:17.080 --> 0:09:19.280 or you might add in a little thing that that 0:09:19.520 --> 0:09:22.719 didn't necessarily happen, but it makes the story better. And 0:09:22.880 --> 0:09:25.959 upon retellings and over the passage of time, you might 0:09:26.000 --> 0:09:28.760 actually come to believe that that is actually exactly how 0:09:28.800 --> 0:09:30.880 it happened. And then if you were to review, say 0:09:30.880 --> 0:09:32.800 a film of it or a video of it, you 0:09:32.880 --> 0:09:35.679 might be shocked to see how different the real event 0:09:35.880 --> 0:09:38.280 was from the way it was in your mind. If 0:09:38.320 --> 0:09:40.640 you've been given a polygraph test and you were asked 0:09:40.679 --> 0:09:45.480 to relay that information under the polygraph system, uh, it 0:09:45.520 --> 0:09:47.880 would show that you're telling the truth because you're you're 0:09:47.920 --> 0:09:50.440 saying what you believe. It's not it's not a there's 0:09:50.440 --> 0:09:53.560 no magic in the box that allows it to determine 0:09:53.559 --> 0:09:57.520 what is really true and what isn't. So let's talk 0:09:57.520 --> 0:10:00.320 a little bit about the process of a a graph 0:10:00.400 --> 0:10:04.800 examination and kind of explain, you know, how how these 0:10:04.840 --> 0:10:10.160 examiners build a routine so that they can try and 0:10:10.160 --> 0:10:15.600 and track lies right now. Um. Actually, when I was 0:10:16.280 --> 0:10:21.080 commenting earlier, when we got started about the forensic psycho physiologist, 0:10:21.160 --> 0:10:23.800 I was hoping to say it without tripping that time. UM, 0:10:23.920 --> 0:10:27.160 those are the people who who like to UH or 0:10:27.160 --> 0:10:28.680 who are who like to be known that with that 0:10:28.720 --> 0:10:32.480 it is their professional UH title, I guess, but they 0:10:32.520 --> 0:10:36.920 are the people who give the polygraph tests and really 0:10:36.960 --> 0:10:40.040 a professional forensic psycho physiologist. If I don't look at 0:10:40.040 --> 0:10:44.120 the words make them out easier. Um, they are. They 0:10:44.120 --> 0:10:47.920 are generally going through some kind of professional training UM, 0:10:48.280 --> 0:10:53.400 such as the ACCTRON International Academy UM, which is accredited 0:10:53.400 --> 0:10:57.079 by the American polygraph Association and certified by the American 0:10:57.120 --> 0:11:04.319 Association of Police Polygraphists Polygraphists. People who have polygraphs. Polygraphists 0:11:04.320 --> 0:11:08.679 sound like people who have more than one graph. Um. 0:11:08.720 --> 0:11:12.240 I'm on a monographists myself. So if you so, If 0:11:12.240 --> 0:11:16.960 you were going to to become a forensic psycho physiologist US, 0:11:19.080 --> 0:11:22.240 you would need to UH to have a baccalaureate degree 0:11:22.320 --> 0:11:25.960 or at least five years of UM investigative experience and 0:11:26.000 --> 0:11:29.040 an associates degree UM. You would need to go through 0:11:29.760 --> 0:11:34.040 a certified course which includes, among the different categories you 0:11:34.040 --> 0:11:39.640 would need to study or psychology, physiology, ethics, history, UM, 0:11:39.880 --> 0:11:45.000 question construction, UH, speech analysis, chart analysis, text and test 0:11:45.080 --> 0:11:48.719 data analysis. And you would also have to uh, you know, 0:11:49.120 --> 0:11:52.440 go through a series of exams to you know, on 0:11:52.559 --> 0:11:55.920 actual cases in which a LIE detector tests or I 0:11:55.920 --> 0:12:00.040 should say polygraph is being used. Um and the th 0:12:00.160 --> 0:12:04.320 are reviewed by professionals. So, uh, this internship can although 0:12:04.320 --> 0:12:06.800 the program is sort of short, that the internship can 0:12:06.800 --> 0:12:09.600 take from eight months to a year. According to the 0:12:09.679 --> 0:12:13.520 article we have on the website about how lie detectors work, Yeah, 0:12:13.600 --> 0:12:15.480 it's actually a very good article. I do recommend that 0:12:15.520 --> 0:12:19.800 you read it. Um. So that all being kind of 0:12:19.800 --> 0:12:21.880 beside the point really when you get down to to 0:12:22.080 --> 0:12:25.040 what exactly is going on with lie detectors. But I 0:12:25.080 --> 0:12:27.520 just wanted to point out that that that there is 0:12:27.600 --> 0:12:30.240 some that the people who are actually doing this for 0:12:30.480 --> 0:12:33.640 say a police department or another law enforcement agency, go 0:12:33.760 --> 0:12:37.199 through training on how to interpret what they think is 0:12:37.280 --> 0:12:39.120 coming out of the machine. Right. The problem is that 0:12:39.240 --> 0:12:42.160 again the very foundation of what they do is faulty, 0:12:42.360 --> 0:12:45.760 so built on a false premise. Ultimately it's built on 0:12:45.800 --> 0:12:47.720 a false premise. I just wanted to talk about how 0:12:47.720 --> 0:12:50.920 the process works. Okay, So let's talk about the test itself. Okay, 0:12:51.000 --> 0:12:54.600 So during the test itself, what would happen is the 0:12:54.640 --> 0:12:58.360 examiner would you know strap ian um. So let's let's 0:12:58.480 --> 0:13:02.160 let's say that that I Jonathan Strickland. I'm the subject 0:13:02.160 --> 0:13:06.720 of this polygraph examination. The first thing that would happen 0:13:06.960 --> 0:13:10.360 is that we will Usually you get a few questions 0:13:10.400 --> 0:13:13.280 at the beginning that are supposedly to form the baseline 0:13:13.320 --> 0:13:16.880 so that the questionnaire can see what your level of 0:13:16.880 --> 0:13:21.599 anxiety is, just based upon normal questions, nothing that necessarily 0:13:21.720 --> 0:13:24.480 has anything to do with what they brought you in for. 0:13:24.920 --> 0:13:27.079 They want to see basically what's moving the needles when 0:13:27.080 --> 0:13:31.120 they tell it, say or ask you versus what isn't 0:13:31.160 --> 0:13:32.559 moving the needles, and they can get an idea of 0:13:32.559 --> 0:13:35.200 how you're gonna behave right if you're If you're already anxious, 0:13:35.240 --> 0:13:38.160 then this would theoretically at least let them know. Okay, 0:13:38.160 --> 0:13:40.920 this guy's kind of a nervous nellie, so uh uh, 0:13:41.200 --> 0:13:44.480 anything that hits this level doesn't necessarily mean it's a lie, 0:13:44.559 --> 0:13:47.160 because this dude's just quivering in his boots, which is 0:13:47.200 --> 0:13:50.719 exactly how I would be. I'm not gonna lie I'm 0:13:51.720 --> 0:13:54.760 about that anyway, So they would ask me a series 0:13:54.800 --> 0:13:57.280 of questions, supposedly to create a baseline. Now this is 0:13:57.320 --> 0:14:00.360 debatable whether or not this actually, you know, may any 0:14:00.440 --> 0:14:03.400 real difference. Next, what they would probably do is ask 0:14:03.400 --> 0:14:06.720 a control question, and this would be a again a 0:14:06.800 --> 0:14:10.120 simple question where it's just to uh, to measure your 0:14:10.679 --> 0:14:13.800 your response. And then they would alternate that with a 0:14:15.080 --> 0:14:19.080 question that actually relates back to what they're looking into, right, 0:14:19.240 --> 0:14:21.560 and that would that would be why they ask the 0:14:22.280 --> 0:14:25.800 people who are training to work with polygraphs to learn 0:14:25.840 --> 0:14:29.040 about question construction, because they want to learn how to 0:14:29.080 --> 0:14:32.680 phrase uh different topics in ways to see if they 0:14:32.680 --> 0:14:35.880 can get a response from me. Yeah, so you get 0:14:36.400 --> 0:14:41.400 you get your design questions or what they're called, were 0:14:41.400 --> 0:14:44.000 the ones that have to do with your actual what 0:14:44.160 --> 0:14:47.640 the purpose for the polygraph. So let's say, look, the 0:14:47.640 --> 0:14:50.840 first question might be uh, um, is your name Jonathan 0:14:50.840 --> 0:14:53.480 Strickland And I would say yes, And then the next 0:14:53.520 --> 0:14:57.800 question might be I don't know, and then I'd pee myself. 0:14:58.480 --> 0:15:00.920 But the next the next question, my be might be 0:15:01.040 --> 0:15:04.000 um more pertinent to whatever the matter is. For instance, 0:15:04.040 --> 0:15:09.560 like like uh, were you in the Buckhead neighborhood? On 0:15:09.600 --> 0:15:12.600 Tuesday night, and then I would say either yes or no. 0:15:12.840 --> 0:15:15.760 And then if they suspect that I was there and 0:15:15.800 --> 0:15:17.640 I said no, they would look at the chart to 0:15:17.720 --> 0:15:22.160 see if the response on that question, UH was measurably 0:15:22.200 --> 0:15:25.680 different from my response to the control questions, because if 0:15:25.760 --> 0:15:28.160 if I'm answering the control questions honestly, and they should 0:15:28.200 --> 0:15:30.520 be able to to know that, because the control question 0:15:30.600 --> 0:15:33.280 should be obvious, right, it should be very obvious questions 0:15:33.280 --> 0:15:35.400 like are there two people in the room with us, 0:15:35.920 --> 0:15:39.080 and you'd say yes or no? UM. If you are 0:15:39.240 --> 0:15:42.440 lying to an obvious question, then they can tell pretty 0:15:42.480 --> 0:15:44.520 quickly if you're going to be able to to fool 0:15:44.560 --> 0:15:47.520 the polygraph UM, which by the way, is very possible. 0:15:48.280 --> 0:15:53.400 So they alternate these questions. They will ask a control 0:15:53.520 --> 0:15:56.640 question now and again just to make sure that that 0:15:56.760 --> 0:16:00.280 they're reading the results correctly, and then they will ask 0:16:01.000 --> 0:16:04.200 one of the design questions to see if you are 0:16:04.240 --> 0:16:08.280 telling the truth or not. UH. You can get through 0:16:08.320 --> 0:16:11.880 an entire polygraph lying your butt off the whole way through, 0:16:11.960 --> 0:16:14.480 and if you are able to control your responses or 0:16:14.560 --> 0:16:18.880 you're able to boost your responses to control questions to 0:16:18.920 --> 0:16:21.760 show that you are a nervous, nelly. Either of those 0:16:21.800 --> 0:16:24.960 are going to make the results unreliable. They're not gonna 0:16:24.960 --> 0:16:27.280 be able to say this guy for sure was lying 0:16:27.440 --> 0:16:31.200 or or was telling the truth. So for instance, that 0:16:31.240 --> 0:16:33.560 they asked me, is your name Jonathan Strickland and I 0:16:33.560 --> 0:16:37.480 said yes, but I was able to, uh, to provoke 0:16:37.560 --> 0:16:42.920 myself into reacting in a more um well heightened way, 0:16:43.600 --> 0:16:45.840 it would indicate that I had lied on that even 0:16:45.880 --> 0:16:48.840 though I told the truth. Um, and this could all 0:16:48.840 --> 0:16:51.160 be very I can manage to do this on my own. 0:16:52.040 --> 0:16:54.360 So in other words, I could fabricate it as if 0:16:54.400 --> 0:16:56.400 it looks like it looks like it's a lie. And 0:16:56.400 --> 0:16:58.000 then the next question they asked me, where you win 0:16:58.040 --> 0:17:00.960 Buckhead on Tuesday night? And I say no, Um, I 0:17:00.960 --> 0:17:03.120 could just relax a little bit and then it will 0:17:03.120 --> 0:17:05.200 come up as not being a lie, and then they'll 0:17:05.320 --> 0:17:07.640 they'll look at the results and say, well, according to this, 0:17:07.760 --> 0:17:09.640 I mean, we asked him this control question. He told 0:17:09.680 --> 0:17:12.040 the truth, but his response was off the charts. Then 0:17:12.040 --> 0:17:14.400 we asked him this question and he said no, and 0:17:14.560 --> 0:17:17.760 his response was calm, clearly, he's just nervous. We can't 0:17:17.880 --> 0:17:21.600 we can't rely on this as as information to establish 0:17:21.640 --> 0:17:24.400 whether or not he's guilty, or or if he's telling 0:17:24.400 --> 0:17:27.840 the truth or not. Um So, really, when you get 0:17:27.840 --> 0:17:29.800 down to it, once you understand that, you realize the 0:17:29.800 --> 0:17:33.879 polygraph is not a reliable tool for telling truth versus lies. 0:17:34.640 --> 0:17:37.200 That doesn't mean that the polygraph isn't useful if you 0:17:37.320 --> 0:17:41.800 are willing to use some psychological bullying to try and 0:17:41.840 --> 0:17:45.080 get a confession out of someone. In fact, it's incredibly 0:17:45.160 --> 0:17:46.960 useful if you want to try and get a confession 0:17:46.960 --> 0:17:49.960 out of someone, and as long as that person believes 0:17:50.080 --> 0:17:52.679 that the lie detector is doing its job and is 0:17:52.720 --> 0:17:57.119 working properly, it's it can be incredibly effective at getting 0:17:57.119 --> 0:17:59.720 a confession. It's but it's almost like a confession under 0:17:59.760 --> 0:18:02.680 dure us if you think about it, because the person 0:18:02.760 --> 0:18:04.920 is being fooled into thinking this device is doing more 0:18:04.960 --> 0:18:07.280 than it really is. Well, how are you How are 0:18:07.280 --> 0:18:09.879 you going to fool somebody into believing that it actually works? 0:18:09.880 --> 0:18:12.240 All right? What could they do? Here's here's a good example. 0:18:12.359 --> 0:18:14.960 This is not necessarily how everyone does it, but there 0:18:14.960 --> 0:18:18.080 are police, state law enforcement officials who have done this 0:18:18.200 --> 0:18:21.680 or examiners who have done this. Um you do a 0:18:21.760 --> 0:18:24.640 very simple card trick, but you don't present it as 0:18:24.640 --> 0:18:27.520 a card trick. What you do is you you present 0:18:27.760 --> 0:18:31.800 the person who's being questioned. You present that person with 0:18:32.440 --> 0:18:34.880 a deck of cards and say, pick a card, look 0:18:34.920 --> 0:18:36.600 at it, memorize it, put it back in the deck, 0:18:37.040 --> 0:18:39.040 you know however you want to do it. And then 0:18:39.240 --> 0:18:41.600 you deal the cards out face up, and you just 0:18:41.680 --> 0:18:44.920 tell the person, uh, just say that it's not your card, 0:18:45.000 --> 0:18:48.640 whether it's your card or not, say it's not your card. Okay. 0:18:48.960 --> 0:18:50.920 So each card that comes up, you're saying, no, that's 0:18:50.920 --> 0:18:52.520 not it, No, that's not it, till you go through 0:18:52.520 --> 0:18:55.359 the whole deck. Then the person goes back to supposedly 0:18:55.440 --> 0:18:59.040 look at the results on the polygraph, comes back and 0:18:59.040 --> 0:19:01.560 then says, our core into the polygraph, this is your card. 0:19:01.600 --> 0:19:04.000 And they hold up the card that you picked. And 0:19:04.040 --> 0:19:06.679 then you're convinced, oh my gosh, not only does this 0:19:06.760 --> 0:19:09.680 thing work, it can actually work to the point where 0:19:09.680 --> 0:19:12.320 it can it can tell the difference of one response 0:19:12.359 --> 0:19:17.120 out of fifty two questions. Now, in reality, the examiner 0:19:17.160 --> 0:19:19.919 has just used a very very basic card trick, and 0:19:19.920 --> 0:19:22.360 it's a it's there are many different ways of doing 0:19:22.359 --> 0:19:24.679 a card force where you forced someone to pick the 0:19:24.680 --> 0:19:27.080 card you want them to pick, or you don't force them. 0:19:27.160 --> 0:19:29.640 You just you manipulate the cards in such a way 0:19:29.680 --> 0:19:33.159 that you know what card they picked. Easiest ways just 0:19:33.440 --> 0:19:35.399 pay attention to what card is on the bottom of 0:19:35.440 --> 0:19:39.320 the deck, and then you cut the cards. You put 0:19:39.400 --> 0:19:41.680 you put the person's card they chose on the top 0:19:41.720 --> 0:19:45.080 of the cut. You cover that up. Well, the card 0:19:45.119 --> 0:19:46.400 that was on the bottom of the deck is gonna 0:19:46.400 --> 0:19:50.040 come immediately before the card that person picked, So you 0:19:50.119 --> 0:19:51.840 just look for that, like if it were the three 0:19:51.840 --> 0:19:53.560 of Hearts, you look for the three your Hearts. Next 0:19:53.600 --> 0:19:55.560 card that's gonna be the one that the person picked. 0:19:56.280 --> 0:19:58.840 I just I just did a big reveal on magic tricks. 0:19:58.840 --> 0:20:01.600 But that's a very basic one. So lots of YouTube 0:20:01.680 --> 0:20:03.960 videos out there that show how that's done. But anyway, 0:20:04.000 --> 0:20:06.720 you in this case, the examiner is gaming the system. 0:20:06.760 --> 0:20:09.560 The examiner already knows what the card is, does not 0:20:09.680 --> 0:20:11.600 need to look at the light detector at all. In fact, 0:20:11.640 --> 0:20:15.359 the light detector probably wouldn't even help at all and 0:20:15.440 --> 0:20:17.719 figuring out which card this was unless someone was just 0:20:18.600 --> 0:20:22.399 that hyped up about, oh my god, that's my card. No, 0:20:22.640 --> 0:20:24.680 that's not it. I mean, unless that were to happen. 0:20:24.920 --> 0:20:28.560 The light detector wouldn't help you. But by establishing that 0:20:28.640 --> 0:20:31.199 the light detector is so sensitive and accurate, you have 0:20:31.240 --> 0:20:33.960 now built into the person's mind that this thing is 0:20:33.960 --> 0:20:38.080 gonna catch you if you lie. And then you start 0:20:38.119 --> 0:20:41.040 the questioning, and since the person now believes that if 0:20:41.119 --> 0:20:45.120 he or she lies, it's gonna be instantly recognizable, they 0:20:45.200 --> 0:20:49.680 might actually move ahead and just confess. So you've skipped 0:20:49.720 --> 0:20:52.560 the whole process of having to do a light detector 0:20:52.600 --> 0:20:54.800 test in the first place. You've scared the person into 0:20:54.840 --> 0:20:57.520 confessing a crime. Now, of course, if the person is innocent, 0:20:57.560 --> 0:21:00.200 that's not gonna help at all. You know, you're still 0:21:00.200 --> 0:21:02.080 gonna have to go through the whole thing. Um, it's 0:21:02.080 --> 0:21:04.240 only if the person is guilty and willing to confess, 0:21:04.320 --> 0:21:06.240 if they if they don't realize that it was all 0:21:06.280 --> 0:21:09.399 a trick to try and gain their confidence. That's just 0:21:09.520 --> 0:21:11.480 one method. There are other ways of doing the same 0:21:11.520 --> 0:21:14.120 sort of thing, where you tell a person to lie 0:21:14.640 --> 0:21:18.280 and then you show them the results on the lie 0:21:18.320 --> 0:21:21.240 detector and say, see, here's where I asked you to lie, 0:21:21.400 --> 0:21:24.359 and you see where your response is, and that could 0:21:24.359 --> 0:21:29.119 either be a legitimate test that they're showing them, or 0:21:29.160 --> 0:21:33.800 it could be a pregenerated test where you're just showing 0:21:33.840 --> 0:21:36.080 them some lines and saying, see, see where I asked 0:21:36.080 --> 0:21:38.720 you to lie, and you see these squiggles here. Those 0:21:38.760 --> 0:21:41.879 may or may not be your squiggles. I'm just saying 0:21:41.920 --> 0:21:46.160 those aiggs right. Yeah, if you're like, no, obviously Jane 0:21:46.240 --> 0:21:50.359 wasn't here lying. She's a terrible liar. I'm much better, 0:21:51.000 --> 0:21:54.600 But yeah, they're It's it's essentially deception, is what it 0:21:54.640 --> 0:21:57.560