WEBVTT - Pirates 9: Blood Family 0:00:05.600 --> 0:00:08.319 Family. For most of us, it's who we grew up 0:00:08.360 --> 0:00:11.560 with and those we visit during the holidays. Others spent 0:00:11.640 --> 0:00:13.960 a bit more time together working day today in a 0:00:14.040 --> 0:00:17.880 family run business. For John and Pierre Lafitte, smuggling and 0:00:17.920 --> 0:00:21.240 piracy made them a tidy fortune in Louisiana and Texas 0:00:21.520 --> 0:00:24.239 while being able to hang out as brothers. And we've 0:00:24.320 --> 0:00:28.200 learned about the O'Malley's successful piracy business in Ireland, but 0:00:28.280 --> 0:00:33.800 neither family were outliers. In the late fifteenth century, three men, Kazir, 0:00:34.080 --> 0:00:38.800 Orick and Ishak, became pirates for the Ottoman Empire. Being Muslim, 0:00:38.920 --> 0:00:41.519 they had grown tired of the harassment and raids from 0:00:41.600 --> 0:00:46.200 the hospitallers, a Christian military order, and other Christian crusaders. 0:00:46.600 --> 0:00:49.800 When the Spanish crowns had taken nearly all land previously 0:00:49.880 --> 0:00:53.440 under Muslim rule, the decision to join bands of privateers 0:00:53.520 --> 0:00:57.520 or pirates for higher was easy. The last stronghold, Granada 0:00:57.680 --> 0:01:01.560 fell in January of four two, causing Jewish and Muslim 0:01:01.600 --> 0:01:05.560 settlers to flee to avoid persecution. Aside from raiding ships 0:01:05.880 --> 0:01:09.319 oric fairy Jewish and Muslim people to North Africa, where 0:01:09.360 --> 0:01:11.600 he hoped that they would find safety. The people he 0:01:11.680 --> 0:01:16.560 transported called him Baba Orik. Europeans thought they said Barbarossa, 0:01:16.880 --> 0:01:20.000 and the name stuck. By fifteen o four, he and 0:01:20.080 --> 0:01:23.520 Kazir operated from the island of Jerba. The brothers asked 0:01:23.600 --> 0:01:26.880 for Abu Abdala Mohammed the Fourth's permission to use the 0:01:26.959 --> 0:01:30.960 port at Latoulette. The ruler agreed in exchange for one 0:01:31.080 --> 0:01:34.600 third of their plunder. They captured a Sicilian warship full 0:01:34.600 --> 0:01:37.679 of Spanish soldiers on their way to Naples, a Spanish 0:01:37.680 --> 0:01:40.600 colony at the time. In fifteen o five, the brothers 0:01:40.640 --> 0:01:44.880 expanded their raids to Spanish and Portuguese shipping operations. Ishak 0:01:45.040 --> 0:01:48.320 joined his brothers in fifteen o nine. After several battles 0:01:48.320 --> 0:01:52.840 and raids, the Barbarossa brothers earned a reputation as fierce warriors, 0:01:53.040 --> 0:01:56.400 taking twenty three ships in a single month. When the 0:01:56.440 --> 0:01:59.440 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire died in fifteen fifteen, the 0:01:59.520 --> 0:02:02.680 trio led the new regime and headed back to North Africa. 0:02:03.120 --> 0:02:06.360 They continued their fights against the Spanish and also fought 0:02:06.400 --> 0:02:10.560 against other Europeans looking to claim coastal territories. The Spanish 0:02:10.600 --> 0:02:13.760 continued to lose land share and fled to Pennan Island 0:02:13.800 --> 0:02:16.880 off the coast of Algiers. Many wrote to Spain's King, 0:02:16.960 --> 0:02:20.600 Charles the Fifth, asking for help removing the Barbarossa brothers 0:02:20.600 --> 0:02:23.840 from North Africa. So the king sent forces to take 0:02:23.880 --> 0:02:28.120 back Algiers. Although the brothers fought valiantly, Oric and Ishak 0:02:28.240 --> 0:02:33.000 both died in battle. Spain reclaimed the land in fifteen eighteen. 0:02:33.240 --> 0:02:36.880 Kazir continued with his brother's mission. His large following of 0:02:36.919 --> 0:02:40.560 pirates called him hey Redden, which meant goodness of the faith. 0:02:40.960 --> 0:02:44.120 It took him another five years to accomplish his brother's work. 0:02:44.440 --> 0:02:47.520 In fifteen twenty three, he and his men drove out 0:02:47.520 --> 0:02:51.480 the hospitallers that harassed and raided Muslim ships. Hey Reddin 0:02:51.560 --> 0:02:55.440 Barbarossa continued his raids against the Spanish for years to come. 0:02:55.880 --> 0:02:59.600 He retired from piracy in fifteen forty five, leaving his 0:02:59.639 --> 0:03:03.160 son to carry on the family business. But family isn't 0:03:03.200 --> 0:03:06.800 relegated to just genetics and blood. Sometimes it's the people 0:03:06.800 --> 0:03:10.720 who enter our lives in any random encounter who change everything. 0:03:11.200 --> 0:03:14.680 We build on the relationship and it weathers a lifetime. 0:03:15.080 --> 0:03:19.680 The bond and connection become so powerful we forge new families. 0:03:20.200 --> 0:03:24.399 We often envisioned pirates as ruthless individuals, lone wolves who 0:03:24.440 --> 0:03:27.280 turn their backs on family for a chance at treasure 0:03:27.320 --> 0:03:30.160 and adventure. And while that might be true for a few, 0:03:30.560 --> 0:03:33.359 there are countless stories of those who discovered that love 0:03:33.480 --> 0:03:37.720 ran deeper than the very seas they sailed. I'm Aaron 0:03:37.800 --> 0:03:49.200 Manky and welcome two pirates. When Sam Bellamy left his 0:03:49.240 --> 0:03:52.120 beloved Mary to seek his fortune, we know he didn't 0:03:52.160 --> 0:03:55.240 do it alone. And William Kidd managed to have a 0:03:55.240 --> 0:03:58.680 wife and family while being a pirate. Kid hunted close 0:03:58.720 --> 0:04:01.280 to home, which allowed him to returned frequently and helped 0:04:01.360 --> 0:04:04.840 raise his children. The riches he plundered afforded the family 0:04:04.840 --> 0:04:07.839 a lavish lifestyle in a mansion on what we now 0:04:07.880 --> 0:04:12.120 know as Wall Street. Other pirates weren't as fortunate as Kid, though. 0:04:12.480 --> 0:04:16.360 Captains often forbid women aboard ships, believing in the superstition 0:04:16.400 --> 0:04:19.040 that they brought bad luck. At the very least, they 0:04:19.080 --> 0:04:23.640 considered women a distraction his crew couldn't afford. Not all captains, 0:04:23.680 --> 0:04:27.120 though some brought their wives or mistresses aboard. In the 0:04:27.120 --> 0:04:30.279 British Navy, for example, captain's wives often cared for the 0:04:30.360 --> 0:04:33.560 young sailors acting as nurses or mothers to the men, 0:04:34.040 --> 0:04:37.320 and of course there were women pirates. Often they hid 0:04:37.360 --> 0:04:40.479 their femininity to join a crew. These women had little 0:04:40.520 --> 0:04:43.240 to lose, after all, without a husband or family to 0:04:43.279 --> 0:04:46.000 help support them, many took to a life at sea 0:04:46.080 --> 0:04:49.640 in disguise. Others had no intention of hiding who they were. 0:04:50.080 --> 0:04:53.680 Most pirates, however, were men, and those without families, or 0:04:53.720 --> 0:04:57.159 at least family ties, spent years at sea. While they 0:04:57.279 --> 0:05:00.200 visited brothels at port, they usually didn't bond with the 0:05:00.240 --> 0:05:03.239 women they spent time and money on. Instead, they built 0:05:03.240 --> 0:05:06.440 a bond with their fellow crewmen. In the world of piracy, 0:05:06.480 --> 0:05:09.720 this type of bond was called mate lettage. For some, 0:05:09.880 --> 0:05:13.279 the relationship was intimate and sexual. For others, it was 0:05:13.320 --> 0:05:16.640 purely a fraternal bond. In both cases, though the men 0:05:16.760 --> 0:05:19.960 often built relationships far stronger than those with their wives 0:05:20.040 --> 0:05:22.760 or family back home. Pirates took to the act of 0:05:22.800 --> 0:05:26.600 mate lettage as seriously as any other legal contract too. 0:05:26.880 --> 0:05:30.080 If one of the men died, the surviving sailor inherited 0:05:30.080 --> 0:05:34.320 the prizes and belongings his partner owned. When Francois Lalonious 0:05:34.360 --> 0:05:38.720 attacked Venezuela in sixteen sixty six. His crew suffered heavy casualties, 0:05:39.080 --> 0:05:42.000 but he honored the mate lettage between his men and 0:05:42.040 --> 0:05:45.839 gave his crewmen their deceased partner's share of the bounty. Generally, 0:05:45.920 --> 0:05:48.360 a younger man entered into a legal contract with an 0:05:48.360 --> 0:05:52.680 older crewmatee the allegiance could be advantageous, especially with officers 0:05:52.720 --> 0:05:56.640 on board. For example, privateer commander George Shelvock lobbied for 0:05:56.800 --> 0:06:00.440 his partner's promotion from ship boy to first mate. However, 0:06:00.520 --> 0:06:03.279 the men complained about the new first mate's inability to 0:06:03.320 --> 0:06:06.440 perform his duties, leading to speculation of how he'd gone 0:06:06.480 --> 0:06:09.760 from pouring their wine to becoming an officer in just 0:06:09.800 --> 0:06:13.400 a matter of days. Robert Culifford served with Captain Kidd 0:06:13.400 --> 0:06:16.719 in the late sixteen eighties. Kid eventually became captain and 0:06:16.839 --> 0:06:20.200 Culifford staged a mutiny against him. Needless to say, the 0:06:20.240 --> 0:06:24.120 two parted ways on less than favorable terms. Culifford went 0:06:24.160 --> 0:06:26.760 on to sail with John Swan. The two formed a 0:06:26.880 --> 0:06:30.160 romantic partnership during their time in prison together in sixteen 0:06:30.560 --> 0:06:34.159 two and sixteen ninety six. After they regained their freedom, 0:06:34.240 --> 0:06:37.000 the men lived together on St. Mary Island, just off 0:06:37.000 --> 0:06:40.560 the coast of Madagascar. The relationship ended when Culifford made 0:06:40.600 --> 0:06:43.240 amend's with kid and left to continue raids in the 0:06:43.240 --> 0:06:48.040 Indian Ocean. Swan did not resume piracy and relocated to Madagascar. 0:06:48.480 --> 0:06:51.160 When the men decided to take a part in for piracy, 0:06:51.240 --> 0:06:54.160 the men met once again. There would be no reigniting 0:06:54.200 --> 0:06:57.880 their relationship, though Swan left for Barbados and the two 0:06:58.080 --> 0:07:01.480 never crossed paths again, and in a matte lettage between 0:07:01.480 --> 0:07:04.360 Francis Hood and John Bebis, the agreement state of the 0:07:04.440 --> 0:07:07.760 survivor would become the other's beneficiary in the case of death. 0:07:08.279 --> 0:07:12.119 Nearing the end of his pirating career, Bartholomew Roberts worked 0:07:12.120 --> 0:07:14.560 his way down to the west coast of Africa. He 0:07:14.680 --> 0:07:18.000 and George Wilson, a young surgeon aboard one of his ships, 0:07:18.040 --> 0:07:22.320 engaged in an intense and profoundly intimate relationship, even pledging 0:07:22.400 --> 0:07:25.960 a suicide pact together in the event of capture. I 0:07:26.040 --> 0:07:29.400 suppose my point is this true to their rebel nature. 0:07:29.760 --> 0:07:33.080 Pirates made families and created bonds in ways that pushed 0:07:33.120 --> 0:07:36.000 the boundaries of their social climate. But when it comes 0:07:36.040 --> 0:07:38.880 to family and bonds created at sea, there was one 0:07:38.920 --> 0:07:51.280 trio in particular who were practically legendary. Given her escapades 0:07:51.320 --> 0:07:54.280 as a pirate, it comes as no surprise, and Cormick's 0:07:54.360 --> 0:07:58.240 entire life was nothing short of scandalous. Her father, William, 0:07:58.320 --> 0:08:01.160 was a successful lawyer, and his wife came from an 0:08:01.160 --> 0:08:05.520 affluent family. Ann's mother, Mary Brennan, served as the couple's 0:08:05.600 --> 0:08:09.640 hired help. In the seventeenth century, society had two acceptable 0:08:09.680 --> 0:08:12.760 courses for women who became pregnant by their married employer, 0:08:13.200 --> 0:08:16.160 give the child away and fire the maid, or raised 0:08:16.200 --> 0:08:20.800 the child and fire the maid. William, however, did neither. Instead, 0:08:20.840 --> 0:08:24.120 the Cormicks divorced, and William earned a generous allowance from 0:08:24.200 --> 0:08:26.920 his ex wife, well until she found out that he 0:08:26.920 --> 0:08:30.360 had moved in with his mistress and their child without funds, 0:08:30.400 --> 0:08:33.959 and with his reputation ruined, he relocated his new family 0:08:34.040 --> 0:08:38.400 to Charleston, which back then was called Charles Town. There, 0:08:38.520 --> 0:08:42.000 William established a successful trading business. He made enough to 0:08:42.040 --> 0:08:45.800 buy a plantation and afford an equality education designed to 0:08:45.880 --> 0:08:48.679 teach her how to marry well and fit into upper 0:08:48.720 --> 0:08:52.560 class society. Ann's mother caught typhoid and died just after 0:08:52.600 --> 0:08:56.600 Anne turned thirteen. The family dynamics changed after that, and 0:08:56.679 --> 0:09:00.000 father and daughter rarely saw I to ie by all account, 0:09:00.400 --> 0:09:03.480 and had a temper once she set a fire on 0:09:03.520 --> 0:09:07.240 the plantation. Stories circulate that she may have also stabbed 0:09:07.280 --> 0:09:10.560 a servant and beat a would be rapist so severely 0:09:10.600 --> 0:09:15.199 that he required hospitalization. William betrothed his young and troublesome 0:09:15.280 --> 0:09:19.080 daughter to a wealthy merchant and refused, choosing to run 0:09:19.080 --> 0:09:23.000 off and marry James Bonnie, a poor sailor and occasional pirate. 0:09:23.400 --> 0:09:28.080 William allegedly disowned his daughter for the disobedience. In seventeen eighteen, 0:09:28.160 --> 0:09:30.960 the newly weds moved to Nassau, exposing and to the 0:09:31.000 --> 0:09:34.360 pirate life in all its glory. That same year, Governor 0:09:34.400 --> 0:09:37.600 Woods Rogers arrived and James began working with him as 0:09:37.600 --> 0:09:41.800 an informant. And disapproved of her husband's new career, and 0:09:41.840 --> 0:09:44.240 spent her time in the local pubs with the very 0:09:44.280 --> 0:09:47.760 pirates that her husband sought to turn in. Reportedly and 0:09:47.960 --> 0:09:50.760 seduced many pirates, but of all the men who caught 0:09:50.760 --> 0:09:54.360 her eye, one in particular was her favorite. Accounts say 0:09:54.440 --> 0:09:58.000 that sparks flew when she met Captain Jack Rackham. Most 0:09:58.080 --> 0:10:01.679 knew him simply as Calico Jack for the colorful clothing 0:10:01.720 --> 0:10:04.240 that had become his calling card. He had been one 0:10:04.280 --> 0:10:07.160 of the pirates who had taken the governor's pardon. He 0:10:07.280 --> 0:10:10.000 fell deeply in love with Anne and wanted her to 0:10:10.120 --> 0:10:13.120 leave James and sail away with him. He had gladly 0:10:13.160 --> 0:10:16.640 returned piracy if she joined him. Calico Jack even offered 0:10:16.720 --> 0:10:19.760 James money to divorce her. The offer didn't sit well 0:10:19.800 --> 0:10:22.280 with James, though, and he threatened to beat the pirates 0:10:22.280 --> 0:10:25.079 if he ever came near his wife again. But it 0:10:25.120 --> 0:10:27.520 would take more than a beating or mere threat to 0:10:27.679 --> 0:10:31.080 keep Calico Jack in an apart. The affair continued, and 0:10:31.200 --> 0:10:34.840 in seventeen twenty, and agreed to leave Nassau, choosing to 0:10:34.920 --> 0:10:37.800 live a life at sea with a pirate, then stay 0:10:37.840 --> 0:10:40.600 with a man who hunted them, and began her pirate 0:10:40.640 --> 0:10:44.160 life helping Jack raid merchant vessels off the coast of Jamaica. 0:10:44.360 --> 0:10:47.640 They weren't picky about the nationality of the ships they attacked, 0:10:47.920 --> 0:10:51.080 and not only created ingenious plans for raids, but she 0:10:51.200 --> 0:10:54.600 also fought alongside the rest of the crew on board 0:10:54.640 --> 0:10:57.480 and lived very much like a woman during raids, though 0:10:57.520 --> 0:11:00.000 she dressed like the men, with her red hair pulled 0:11:00.160 --> 0:11:02.760 back and tucked under a hat, she wielded a sword 0:11:02.960 --> 0:11:06.120 and carried pistols in a sash. She could fight and 0:11:06.200 --> 0:11:09.160 swear as well as any man on the ship. Some 0:11:09.240 --> 0:11:11.800 of the crew have voiced their displeasure with Ann's presence, 0:11:11.840 --> 0:11:15.520 despite her worth, women on boats were bad luck after all, 0:11:16.080 --> 0:11:19.080 and in this instance the superstition proved true for one 0:11:19.120 --> 0:11:21.800 of the crew and stabbed a man who voiced his 0:11:21.840 --> 0:11:25.240 displeasure right through the heart. Not one of the crew 0:11:25.520 --> 0:11:30.080 objected after that. Raid after raid, and stood by Jack's side, 0:11:30.280 --> 0:11:33.559 and word of a female pirate reached the colonies. By 0:11:33.559 --> 0:11:36.920 the summer of seventeen twenty, the Boston Gazette warned the 0:11:36.920 --> 0:11:39.560 readers that Anne Bonnie and the crew aboard the William 0:11:39.840 --> 0:11:43.720 were incredibly violent, as you might imagine. News of her 0:11:43.880 --> 0:11:47.800 escapades reached Nassau as well. Woods Rogers took note of 0:11:47.880 --> 0:11:51.880 his friend James's humiliation and declared Anne and Calico Jack 0:11:52.240 --> 0:11:55.280 enemies of Britain. But at that time the governor and 0:11:55.400 --> 0:11:59.040 his informant were unaware of a third notorious pirate aboard 0:11:59.080 --> 0:12:02.959 the William. In fact, even Calico Jack had no idea 0:12:03.559 --> 0:12:14.160 of the interlopers existence. Sources vary on how Mary Reid 0:12:14.240 --> 0:12:16.800 became part of the Williams crew. We know that Mary 0:12:16.840 --> 0:12:19.600 Reid's mother married a sailor and the two had a son. 0:12:20.080 --> 0:12:22.720 When the sailor disappeared at sea, he left his wife 0:12:22.720 --> 0:12:25.920 and child without a means to support themselves. The sailor's 0:12:25.960 --> 0:12:28.400 family had some money and at least a place to stay. 0:12:28.760 --> 0:12:31.920 Things took a turn there, however. She became pregnant during 0:12:31.920 --> 0:12:34.040 a brief love affair and went to live with friends 0:12:34.120 --> 0:12:37.920 until she gave birth. Tragedy struck when Mary's brother died, 0:12:38.200 --> 0:12:41.280 leaving her mother with a problem. She disguised Mary as 0:12:41.280 --> 0:12:44.560 the son for a while, effectively fooling her late husband's family. 0:12:45.280 --> 0:12:47.480 The plan worked, and the mother in law was none 0:12:47.480 --> 0:12:51.040 the wiser. Mary's grandmother left everything to them when she died. 0:12:51.480 --> 0:12:54.920 The inheritance didn't last though. To earn money, Mary continued 0:12:55.000 --> 0:12:58.160 dressing as a boy to secure work. At thirteen, she 0:12:58.240 --> 0:13:01.160 found work on a British man o war. During her service, 0:13:01.200 --> 0:13:03.840 she fell in love with the Flemish soldier. The two 0:13:03.880 --> 0:13:06.600 married and moved to the Netherlands and bought an inn. 0:13:07.000 --> 0:13:10.360 Mary soon became a widow, though she returned to disguising 0:13:10.400 --> 0:13:13.880 herself as a man and working on merchant ships, eventually 0:13:13.880 --> 0:13:17.040 finding her way to the West Indies. Pirates attacked the 0:13:17.080 --> 0:13:19.680 ship and gave the crew a choice become one of 0:13:19.679 --> 0:13:23.280 them or die. Mary, who went by the name Mark Reid, 0:13:23.360 --> 0:13:27.319 chose piracy. When Wood's rogers offered a pardon, she accepted 0:13:27.360 --> 0:13:30.760 it and then became a privateer. Life as a privateer 0:13:31.160 --> 0:13:33.880 didn't suit her, though, and so in seventeen twenty she 0:13:34.000 --> 0:13:36.920 joined the crew aboard the William. Anne befriended the new 0:13:36.960 --> 0:13:40.280 pirates and, as the story goes, tried to seduce him. 0:13:40.280 --> 0:13:42.760 Mary had little choice except to let Anne in on 0:13:42.880 --> 0:13:46.480 her secret. Instead of turning her in, Anne kept quiet, 0:13:46.720 --> 0:13:50.280 and their friendship only deepened. The two became inseparable, and 0:13:50.400 --> 0:13:53.640 Calico Jack noticed the bond. In a fit of jealousy, 0:13:53.720 --> 0:13:56.960 he threatened to cut Mark's throat. Anne stepped in and 0:13:57.000 --> 0:14:00.959 told him the truth. Mark was actually Mary. Now there 0:14:00.960 --> 0:14:04.040 were two women on board the William. On raids, they 0:14:04.040 --> 0:14:07.000 fought side by side, cursing and swinging a sword or 0:14:07.160 --> 0:14:10.160 firing pistols, as well as any of the other crew. 0:14:10.520 --> 0:14:14.440 The women's ferocity in battle became legendary. All that summer, 0:14:14.559 --> 0:14:18.160 the crew raided ships earning them a sizeable profit. A 0:14:18.200 --> 0:14:21.520 short time afterward, they came across the schooner. The crew 0:14:21.680 --> 0:14:24.920 screamed and waved their weapons to intimidate their victims into 0:14:24.960 --> 0:14:28.680 a quick surrender. When the other crew refused, though, Calico 0:14:28.800 --> 0:14:32.080 Jack ordered an attack. Ann and Mary led the crew 0:14:32.160 --> 0:14:35.280 as they boarded the schooner. The raid knighted the pirates 0:14:35.400 --> 0:14:38.880 fifty rolls of tobacco. Two days later, they released the 0:14:38.920 --> 0:14:43.240 schooner's crew barely scathed. The crew felt invincible with so 0:14:43.360 --> 0:14:47.040 many profitable raids, and a celebration was in order. The 0:14:47.120 --> 0:14:51.160 festivities began on October twenty two. By nightfall, most of 0:14:51.200 --> 0:14:55.400 the crew became so intoxicated that standing upright proved the challenge. 0:14:56.000 --> 0:14:59.280 And and Mary, however, remained sober. The idea that the 0:14:59.480 --> 0:15:02.160 entire might be too drunk to stand watch and defend 0:15:02.160 --> 0:15:04.920 the ship made them nervous. Over the past several months, 0:15:04.960 --> 0:15:07.000 their raids meant that they had a high bounty on 0:15:07.040 --> 0:15:09.720 their heads. While the rest of the crew retired below 0:15:09.760 --> 0:15:12.720 to sleep off the alcohol, the women stood watch on deck. 0:15:12.920 --> 0:15:16.360 Around midnight, a sloop sailed toward them, And and Mary 0:15:16.440 --> 0:15:19.440 recognized the ship as one of the Governor's vessels. They 0:15:19.480 --> 0:15:22.920 shouted for the crew below. Although drunk, Caligo Jack and 0:15:23.000 --> 0:15:25.000 a few others managed to make it to the deck. 0:15:25.360 --> 0:15:30.640 The captain aboard the sloop fired at the William, damaging it. Outgunned, outmanned, 0:15:30.800 --> 0:15:34.920 and taking damage. Calico Jack surrendered, and and Mary, though 0:15:35.320 --> 0:15:38.400 refused to do the same. Covering each other's backs and 0:15:38.480 --> 0:15:41.680 firing off the governor's men, They managed to injure quite 0:15:41.720 --> 0:15:45.120 a few of them before ultimately being overpowered. After their 0:15:45.160 --> 0:15:49.800 guilty verdicts, the crew awaited sentencing behind bars. One by one, 0:15:49.960 --> 0:15:53.400 the men were hanged, and and Mary, both pregnant at 0:15:53.400 --> 0:15:56.720 the time, had a stay of execution until they gave birth. 0:15:57.200 --> 0:16:00.920 Mary died of a fever, probably during child birth. What 0:16:01.000 --> 0:16:03.960 happened to Anne is still a mystery. Some say that 0:16:04.040 --> 0:16:06.520 she died on the island, while others claim that her 0:16:06.560 --> 0:16:10.440 father came to her rescue. But one rumor, and probably 0:16:10.480 --> 0:16:13.160 the most popular of the bunch, is that Anne managed 0:16:13.200 --> 0:16:16.280 to escape and went on to find yet another family 0:16:16.680 --> 0:16:21.000 within the colonies. There she settled down, married and had children, 0:16:21.680 --> 0:16:31.160 and lived out the rest of her days. Tortuga's governor, 0:16:31.400 --> 0:16:34.880 Jean Levasseur, had a problem shared with every New World 0:16:34.920 --> 0:16:38.400 colony in North and South America. The lack of women 0:16:38.800 --> 0:16:42.320 throughout many colonies. Early years, the most initial expeditions and 0:16:42.360 --> 0:16:46.640 settlements consisted of men and boys. New worlds could be dangerous, 0:16:46.640 --> 0:16:49.720 and the men thought fragile women should stay behind until 0:16:49.760 --> 0:16:52.880 the colony proved safe. They believe women couldn't survive in 0:16:52.920 --> 0:16:57.280 a harsh new environment, at least no respectable women. Of course, 0:16:57.280 --> 0:17:00.920 they couldn't grow a population without them, though. Between sixteen 0:17:00.960 --> 0:17:04.400 sixty three and sixteen seventy three, King Louis the fourteenth 0:17:04.480 --> 0:17:06.440 put out a call for women who might be willing 0:17:06.480 --> 0:17:09.000 to relocate to the colonies. He referred to those who 0:17:09.000 --> 0:17:14.080 accepted the offer as fielduis or the King's daughters. Sponsorship 0:17:14.119 --> 0:17:18.879 included clothing, travel, recruitment fees, and a small allowance. All told, 0:17:18.960 --> 0:17:22.600 the money wasn't much. Poor women and orphaned girls were 0:17:22.600 --> 0:17:26.359 the most likely to apply. Years later, Bessieur followed the 0:17:26.400 --> 0:17:29.440 same path as King Louis, but not for the same reasons. 0:17:29.760 --> 0:17:32.399 Growing the population didn't matter as much to the governor 0:17:32.480 --> 0:17:36.200 as ridding the island of pirates. Blatant display of mate lettage. 0:17:36.560 --> 0:17:39.960 Tortuga openly welcomed pirates, most of which belonged to the 0:17:40.080 --> 0:17:43.399 Brethren of the coast. Pirates offered protection from Spain in 0:17:43.520 --> 0:17:46.400 exchange for a percentage of their bounty and the use 0:17:46.440 --> 0:17:49.080 of the port. The French and Spanish had fought over 0:17:49.080 --> 0:17:52.200 the island for years, primarily due to the port's location. 0:17:52.600 --> 0:17:56.960 The French found Tortuga invaluable in gaining a foothold in Hispaniola. 0:17:57.440 --> 0:18:00.440 Buccaneers and those pirates belonging to the Brea They're another 0:18:00.480 --> 0:18:03.680 coast weren't fond of the Spanish, which made the deal 0:18:03.760 --> 0:18:06.919 beneficial for the French and the pirates. Though the offer 0:18:06.960 --> 0:18:10.320 extended to the buccaneers, best Your opened the warm welcome 0:18:10.359 --> 0:18:13.720 to pirates from any nation. Knowing that pirates spent most 0:18:13.720 --> 0:18:16.000 of their time at sea, he figured the type of 0:18:16.000 --> 0:18:18.639 women needed wouldn't be someone looking to settle down and 0:18:18.720 --> 0:18:21.760 raised children. Best Your requested that France sent him two 0:18:21.840 --> 0:18:25.040 thousand women willing to work in the sex trade. The 0:18:25.080 --> 0:18:28.920 women arrived and quickly set up shop. Surely, Vasseur thought 0:18:28.960 --> 0:18:31.920 to himself, the men's affections and bonds with each other 0:18:32.040 --> 0:18:35.320 would end now that they had an abundance of available women, 0:18:35.600 --> 0:18:38.040 and to an extent, the plan worked. Some of the 0:18:38.040 --> 0:18:41.840 pirates even married the women, creating a traditional family unit. 0:18:42.440 --> 0:18:45.880 But then Vasser learned those pirates had opened their marriage 0:18:45.920 --> 0:18:49.359 to include their partners from their time at sea. Each 0:18:49.359 --> 0:18:52.280 woman enjoyed the love and affection along with all the 0:18:52.280 --> 0:18:56.320 other marital benefits with both men, and those men continued 0:18:56.320 --> 0:18:59.320 to enjoy each other as well, just as they had before. 0:18:59.760 --> 0:19:03.520 They had in fact formed a polyamorous relationship, which meant 0:19:03.520 --> 0:19:09.080 that Vasseur's attempt to quell their matallettage had backfired rather spectacularly. 0:19:15.080 --> 0:19:17.880 If you came into today's episode thinking of pirates as 0:19:18.080 --> 0:19:21.080 loveless adventurers who needed no one but the sea, I 0:19:21.119 --> 0:19:25.159 hope our journey today helped you learn some new valuable lessons. Clearly, 0:19:25.520 --> 0:19:28.399 even pirates need love, and family was often at the 0:19:28.400 --> 0:19:31.119 core of their life at sea, which is why it 0:19:31.160 --> 0:19:33.960 was easy to track down one more tale of pirate love. 0:19:34.440 --> 0:19:37.080 My crewmate Ali Steed is ready to tell you all 0:19:37.119 --> 0:19:47.160 about it right after this brief sponsor break. Well, we've 0:19:47.160 --> 0:19:51.280 mainly focused on romantic relationships. Bonds between pirates were frequently 0:19:51.320 --> 0:19:54.360 platonic and brotherly, such was the case with Paul's Grave 0:19:54.440 --> 0:19:56.760 Williams and Sam Bellamy, who we heard about in an 0:19:56.760 --> 0:20:00.879 earlier episode, mostly focusing on Bellamy's history. The two seemed 0:20:00.920 --> 0:20:03.760 an odd parrot. First. Williams came from a wealthy and 0:20:03.920 --> 0:20:07.520 very influential Boston family. They owned a mansion and several 0:20:07.520 --> 0:20:10.879 other estates in Newport, Rhode Island, and Block Island. His 0:20:10.960 --> 0:20:14.080 father worked as a prominent lawyer and successful merchant, while 0:20:14.160 --> 0:20:17.119 his mother came from a wealthy Harvard trained physicians family. 0:20:17.440 --> 0:20:20.320 Her lineage could be traced back to the Plantagenets, a 0:20:20.440 --> 0:20:23.360 dynasty that ruled England before the Wars of the Roses. 0:20:24.160 --> 0:20:27.600 Williams was just eleven when his father died, hardly penniless, 0:20:27.720 --> 0:20:30.400 most of life went on as usual. His mother even 0:20:30.440 --> 0:20:33.160 remarried a family friend two years later, and they moved 0:20:33.240 --> 0:20:38.360 to Block Island permanently. Robert Guthrie, Williams's new stepfather, had 0:20:38.400 --> 0:20:41.960 ties to smugglers and money launderers within the New England's 0:20:41.960 --> 0:20:44.560 black market. His sister even went on to marry a 0:20:44.600 --> 0:20:48.080 friend of Captain Kidd and occasionally brought home various contraband 0:20:48.560 --> 0:20:51.800 Their lifestyle allowed Williams to gain valuable insight into moving 0:20:51.880 --> 0:20:56.560 and selling stolen goods while collecting the highest profit. Williams 0:20:56.600 --> 0:20:59.320 lived with his wife, Elizabeth and their three children, ranging 0:20:59.359 --> 0:21:03.200 from ages eight to seventeen, in a lovely home in Newburyport. 0:21:03.480 --> 0:21:06.680 He had done well for himself, and yet he wanted more. 0:21:07.320 --> 0:21:10.200 In contrast, the younger Bellamy was a poor sailor without 0:21:10.240 --> 0:21:12.960 a wife or any other family to speak of. Though 0:21:12.960 --> 0:21:15.520 there were stark differences between them, the men shared a 0:21:15.560 --> 0:21:19.480 strong desire for success and wealth for their own reasons. 0:21:19.480 --> 0:21:23.040 Of course, Ever, the businessman Williams carefully plotted out a 0:21:23.040 --> 0:21:25.720 scheme to meet his lofty goals. He could front the 0:21:25.720 --> 0:21:28.160 money now. All he needed was a partner who knew 0:21:28.160 --> 0:21:33.000 the seas. Bellamy's tenacity, charm, and intelligence ticked all the boxes. 0:21:33.480 --> 0:21:36.000 The two started off hunting for gold from a wrecked 0:21:36.040 --> 0:21:38.960 Spanish vessel off the Florida coast that had been carrying 0:21:39.160 --> 0:21:42.960 unimaginable treasure. While Bellamy and Williams didn't find the riches 0:21:43.000 --> 0:21:46.520 they initially sought, they embarked on a journey worth much more. 0:21:47.040 --> 0:21:49.680 Along the way, the two formed a close bond as 0:21:49.680 --> 0:21:52.480 strong as any brothers. The men went on to raid 0:21:52.560 --> 0:21:55.680 other ships. As we've already learned, Williams may have had 0:21:55.680 --> 0:21:57.800 the business sense and the money to front their adventure, 0:21:57.920 --> 0:22:00.800 but Bellamy took it to the next level, raiding small 0:22:00.840 --> 0:22:03.719 ships and eventually forging an alliance with the formidable captain 0:22:03.760 --> 0:22:07.480 Benjamin Hornegold. The older Williams followed Bellamy's lead in just 0:22:07.640 --> 0:22:11.560 about everything, including stripping naked with the other crew members 0:22:11.560 --> 0:22:15.080 and waving their weapons at targeted ships. When Bellamy became 0:22:15.080 --> 0:22:19.200 the captain, Williams became his trusted quartermaster, and when Bellamy 0:22:19.320 --> 0:22:22.760 moved on to larger vessels, he made Williams a captain 0:22:22.880 --> 0:22:25.920 and gave him his first ship. The two made every 0:22:26.040 --> 0:22:29.400 decision together. After taking in one of the most successful 0:22:29.400 --> 0:22:33.240 bounties of their career, they decided to return home briefly. 0:22:33.800 --> 0:22:36.280 Williams would sell off their bounty and see his family, 0:22:36.640 --> 0:22:39.480 while Bellamy would wed marry the girl he'd left behind 0:22:39.480 --> 0:22:42.080 to earn his fortune. With the Marian and the wide 0:22:42.119 --> 0:22:44.960 a loaded with treasure, the men sat together one last time. 0:22:45.320 --> 0:22:47.440 They agreed to meet on Block Island if they became 0:22:47.480 --> 0:22:50.520 separated during their journey. Of course, as we know, the 0:22:50.560 --> 0:22:53.440 two men lost sight of each other pretty quickly. Williams 0:22:53.520 --> 0:22:56.720 arrived days later, unaware of his partner and friend's demise 0:22:56.880 --> 0:22:59.720 off the cape. When Bellamy didn't show. With the predetermined 0:22:59.760 --> 0:23:02.840 to look cation, Williams headed to Block Island as planned. 0:23:03.440 --> 0:23:06.159 While there, he visited his sisters and mother, and he 0:23:06.240 --> 0:23:09.159 likely sent for his wife and children in Newburyport. A 0:23:09.240 --> 0:23:11.840 month passed before he heard the news of his friend's death. 0:23:12.400 --> 0:23:15.000 Williams arrived at the location where the Wida went down. 0:23:15.600 --> 0:23:17.640 Maybe he'd come to salvage what he could from their 0:23:17.640 --> 0:23:21.000 spectacular hall, but perhaps he had made the journey to 0:23:21.000 --> 0:23:23.600 say goodbye to his pirate brother before leaving for Nassau 0:23:23.760 --> 0:23:27.879 once more. Months later, the Marian shambled into the harbor, 0:23:27.960 --> 0:23:31.280 looking worse for where. Fellow pirates gathered around the port, 0:23:31.320 --> 0:23:34.600 waiting for Bellamy and Williams to appear. They were inseparable 0:23:34.640 --> 0:23:38.639 after all, but only Williams emerged. He related the story 0:23:38.640 --> 0:23:41.040 of the Wida and his friend's demise, and how the 0:23:41.080 --> 0:23:43.480 only two survivors of the wreckage were sat in jail 0:23:43.560 --> 0:23:47.560 awaiting sentencing. Bellamy had been well liked and the news 0:23:47.600 --> 0:23:51.199