WEBVTT - Our Two Cents On More Senses 0:00:00.160 --> 0:00:07.200 Brought to you by Toyota. Let's go places. Welcome to 0:00:07.400 --> 0:00:15.000 Forward Thinking. Hey that everyone, and welcome to Forward Thinking, 0:00:15.080 --> 0:00:16.880 the podcast that looks at the future and says you 0:00:16.920 --> 0:00:18.680 want to fill up my senses like a night in 0:00:18.680 --> 0:00:21.640 the forest. I'm Jonathan Strickland, I'm Lauren Bock Obama, and 0:00:21.680 --> 0:00:25.720 I'm Joe McCormick. So, hey, guys, I wanna bombard your 0:00:25.760 --> 0:00:28.920 brains with a little bit of weirdness. Do you ever 0:00:29.000 --> 0:00:32.240 think about the fact that the way the world looks 0:00:32.280 --> 0:00:37.360 to you is not necessarily how the world actually is? 0:00:38.159 --> 0:00:41.040 And I'm not trying to get all philosophical like what 0:00:41.240 --> 0:00:44.559 is reality or anything like that. No, I'm trying to 0:00:44.640 --> 0:00:48.040 comment actually on the nature of the way we perceive. 0:00:48.120 --> 0:00:50.680 And I'm not saying that your eyes don't give you 0:00:50.760 --> 0:00:53.600 accurate information about the world, because they do a pretty 0:00:53.600 --> 0:00:56.480 good job of creating a model of reality that's useful 0:00:56.560 --> 0:00:58.400 for us. All our brain messes it up a little 0:00:58.400 --> 0:01:01.639 bit in translation, but sure, yeah, yeah sometimes. But what 0:01:01.680 --> 0:01:06.000 I'm talking about is that the model of reality created 0:01:06.000 --> 0:01:10.080 by light through our eyes, as interpreted by our brains, 0:01:10.160 --> 0:01:13.800 is not the only way to create an accurate model 0:01:13.920 --> 0:01:18.319 of the physical world. Rights necessarily limited. I mean, when 0:01:18.360 --> 0:01:21.600 we talk about the visible spectrum of light, that immediately 0:01:21.640 --> 0:01:24.680 tells you that there is a spectrum that is not 0:01:25.000 --> 0:01:29.119 visible to us. So if we were able to see 0:01:29.120 --> 0:01:32.000 the entire spectrum of light, the world would look very different. 0:01:32.040 --> 0:01:35.560 So knowing that there are entire sections of light, and 0:01:35.600 --> 0:01:37.640 that's just one of our senses, right, We've got plenty 0:01:37.640 --> 0:01:39.720 of senses. We're gonna be talking about this episode of 0:01:39.760 --> 0:01:42.240 our primaries. It's one of those ones that's easy to 0:01:42.280 --> 0:01:46.160 talk about. It's it means that our perception of the 0:01:46.160 --> 0:01:50.120 world around us is by necessity limited, and that there's 0:01:50.240 --> 0:01:52.560 stuff going on all over the place that we just 0:01:52.680 --> 0:01:56.280 cannot even perceive. Yeah, we've got only a small wedge 0:01:56.360 --> 0:01:59.560 of any given spectrum of stuff that we can take 0:01:59.600 --> 0:02:02.040 in by our senses. Yeah. Well, what you bring up 0:02:02.080 --> 0:02:04.800 there is that there are ways of creating models of 0:02:04.840 --> 0:02:08.280 reality that don't even necessarily use light. Right, they don't 0:02:08.360 --> 0:02:13.400 use electromagnetic radiation like you could use sound, or you 0:02:13.440 --> 0:02:16.720 could maybe interpret the world in terms of chemicals. Right, 0:02:16.760 --> 0:02:21.399 if you had really chemo receptors, like maybe a very 0:02:21.480 --> 0:02:25.280 strong sense of smell could actually let you determine the 0:02:25.919 --> 0:02:30.280 relative locations of objects around you exactly. So in this episode, 0:02:30.320 --> 0:02:35.440 we wanted to explore the idea of augmenting our senses, 0:02:35.480 --> 0:02:38.720 perhaps extending our senses so that we have new ones 0:02:38.800 --> 0:02:41.280 beyond the ones we already have, so not just boosting 0:02:41.280 --> 0:02:43.480 the ones we have already, the ones that everyone is 0:02:43.520 --> 0:02:46.720 familiar with. Are are familiar with, and you can use 0:02:46.720 --> 0:02:50.040 a telescope to see farther that's that's a no brain 0:02:50.240 --> 0:02:53.480 or you could use uh, you know, other other technology 0:02:53.560 --> 0:02:56.600 to allow you to see things that you normally couldn't see. 0:02:56.720 --> 0:02:59.919 For example, night vision goggles allow you to see at night, 0:03:00.120 --> 0:03:01.839 and we're gonna talk a little bit about some other 0:03:01.880 --> 0:03:05.280 technologies that might allow that sort of thing too, in 0:03:05.360 --> 0:03:08.880 various ways. Basically, we want to focus on the eventual 0:03:08.960 --> 0:03:14.600 possibility of radically augmenting the way we create models of 0:03:14.639 --> 0:03:18.320 the physical world with our brains. So I guess we 0:03:18.360 --> 0:03:21.280 should start by talking about the senses we already have. 0:03:21.919 --> 0:03:24.760 And one of the cool facts about our bodies is 0:03:24.800 --> 0:03:28.360 that you have way more senses than you realize or 0:03:28.600 --> 0:03:31.200 probably realized. Well, it's more than just those five senses 0:03:31.200 --> 0:03:33.640 that we all learned about and say kindergarten, right, Although 0:03:34.200 --> 0:03:37.920 some argue that these other senses will be talking about 0:03:38.040 --> 0:03:41.960 somehow are wrapped up in one or more senses. So 0:03:42.040 --> 0:03:45.480 it all depends upon who who's doing the talking. Right. 0:03:45.520 --> 0:03:47.680 In some cases you have someone saying, no, there are 0:03:48.160 --> 0:03:51.160 no x number of senses that are way more than five, 0:03:51.160 --> 0:03:54.400 and other people would say, well, let's be fair, three 0:03:54.480 --> 0:03:56.400 or four of the ones you mentioned are really wrapped 0:03:56.480 --> 0:03:59.400 up in the five five big ones. But it all 0:03:59.680 --> 0:04:03.640 is ongoing debate, and it again depends really from your 0:04:03.680 --> 0:04:07.320 point of view. But yes, it is more complicated than 0:04:07.400 --> 0:04:11.160 just saying, what is a site? Smell? There's also what that? 0:04:11.200 --> 0:04:14.760 There's a taste, there's that touch and hearing. Right, let's 0:04:14.760 --> 0:04:17.760 talk the big five, all right, what is site? Okay, 0:04:17.800 --> 0:04:22.120 that's that's seeing. It's also no, I know that it's 0:04:22.120 --> 0:04:26.080 also does it Workalmo exception? That's what it's also called 0:04:27.160 --> 0:04:31.359 Falmo exception? That it sells in your eyes that are 0:04:31.360 --> 0:04:35.040 that are sensitive to light. Yeah, yeah, and so and 0:04:35.040 --> 0:04:38.200 so yeah, to photons, right, and so they absorbed photons 0:04:38.240 --> 0:04:40.360 and send a signal to your brain and tell it 0:04:40.520 --> 0:04:43.039 some stuff. Yea, the brain. The brain actually does a 0:04:43.080 --> 0:04:45.599 lot of the work here. So we've got essentially photo receptors. 0:04:45.600 --> 0:04:47.160 So kind of similar to what you would think of 0:04:47.480 --> 0:04:50.440 in any kind of light sensor. It's it's the organic 0:04:50.480 --> 0:04:53.360 equivalent to that. So you have these photoreceptors, you've got 0:04:53.440 --> 0:04:56.200 rods and cones. They are able to do different things. Um, 0:04:56.279 --> 0:04:59.000 and the number that you have will determine what kind 0:04:59.000 --> 0:05:01.880 of site you have based on from organism to organism, 0:05:02.160 --> 0:05:06.920 because different organisms have different arrays. Right, So something like 0:05:07.080 --> 0:05:11.000 a bird of prey has much keener sight than say, 0:05:11.040 --> 0:05:14.240 a human being does. Other animals may have vision that 0:05:14.360 --> 0:05:17.600 is not nearly as strong as what a human being has, 0:05:17.640 --> 0:05:21.000 but at any rate, we have these photoreceptor cells that 0:05:21.279 --> 0:05:26.040 can detect light that's coming. They're able to see these 0:05:26.120 --> 0:05:29.040 visible images from the visible light spectrum, lights bouncing off 0:05:29.040 --> 0:05:31.440 of stuff right into our eyes. That sends the little 0:05:31.440 --> 0:05:34.400 electrical impulses to our brain, which then can interpret it 0:05:34.760 --> 0:05:38.560 and turn that into what we consider images. Yeah, and 0:05:38.640 --> 0:05:41.919 the way things look to us really are just ways 0:05:41.920 --> 0:05:46.200 our brain makes sense of different pieces of data. So 0:05:46.320 --> 0:05:49.080 like when you see two different colors, the the actual 0:05:49.200 --> 0:05:53.200 physical data difference there is that you've got different wavelengths 0:05:53.279 --> 0:05:56.040 of light coming into your eyes. Yeah, which is why 0:05:56.200 --> 0:05:59.920 I blame everybody else for saying I'm not devastatingly handsome, 0:06:00.000 --> 0:06:02.279 because it's really how they're constructing me in their brains, 0:06:02.360 --> 0:06:06.080 not me. It's nothing. They don't realize how green you are. Yeah, 0:06:06.160 --> 0:06:09.960 it's uh, it's a constant source of irritation. But no, no, 0:06:10.120 --> 0:06:13.560 so that. But this again, this kind of illustrates this idea, 0:06:13.640 --> 0:06:16.839 and not to get again to philosophical or metaphysical, but 0:06:16.880 --> 0:06:20.320 this idea that a lot of what we consider reality 0:06:20.480 --> 0:06:23.120 is this construct that's happening in our minds. It's it's 0:06:23.120 --> 0:06:26.200 our brains being able to interpret all the information, the 0:06:26.320 --> 0:06:29.040 data that's coming in. It's making sense of it. It's 0:06:29.080 --> 0:06:31.599 not that the data doesn't reflect something real, but the 0:06:31.640 --> 0:06:34.560 way we put it together is a simulation going on 0:06:34.640 --> 0:06:38.760 in the brain. Yeah, yeah, so interesting there. Next, we've 0:06:38.800 --> 0:06:40.919 got in our our notes here we have smell the 0:06:41.080 --> 0:06:45.520 alpha conception. That's just one way of spelling it. I 0:06:45.520 --> 0:06:49.120 think it's old facco exception, all faccoception, there's all Well, 0:06:49.120 --> 0:06:51.680 there's actually three or four different spellings of it, and 0:06:51.720 --> 0:06:54.400 it all depends upon the spelling. There's some that have 0:06:54.560 --> 0:06:56.680 no O in it. Disclaimer. Now, a lot of the 0:06:56.760 --> 0:06:59.680 single word names for some of these senses have different 0:06:59.720 --> 0:07:02.640 spell things and stuff. So don't write in correcting us. 0:07:02.680 --> 0:07:04.880 We know right right, we just don't know how to 0:07:04.920 --> 0:07:07.440 say them. So that's that part you can write in 0:07:07.480 --> 0:07:10.360 about you don't know how to say this. Yes, what 0:07:10.440 --> 0:07:13.480 happens in your nose? All right? You got these receptors, 0:07:13.520 --> 0:07:17.360 so molecular receptors in your nose that think of them 0:07:17.400 --> 0:07:20.120 as sort of it's like a key and lock situation. 0:07:20.200 --> 0:07:24.880 You have these receptors that bind with certain moleculear molecular shapes, right, 0:07:25.080 --> 0:07:28.280 So when those molecules make contact with those receptors, then 0:07:28.320 --> 0:07:30.160 you have a signal sent to the brain that says 0:07:30.200 --> 0:07:34.640 AD that is X smell. So you have hundreds of 0:07:34.680 --> 0:07:41.960 different types of receptors in your in your nose, joe uh, 0:07:42.400 --> 0:07:45.360 in any given persons, if any given persons knows. Now, granted, 0:07:45.360 --> 0:07:49.160 if you were to look at say, other animals, they 0:07:49.160 --> 0:07:53.040 have maybe a wider range and a lot more of them. 0:07:53.120 --> 0:07:57.880 Dogs have like two twenty million of these receptor cells, 0:07:58.320 --> 0:08:02.720 not different types, but in across the various range of types, 0:08:03.200 --> 0:08:07.840 And so the number determines how well you can smell, 0:08:07.880 --> 0:08:11.360 how how well you can detect an odor to no 0:08:11.400 --> 0:08:14.040 matter how faint the smell might be like how little 0:08:14.360 --> 0:08:16.480 of that molecule might be in the atmosphere. Maybe how 0:08:16.560 --> 0:08:19.040 little of a difference you can tell? Yeah, yeah, and 0:08:19.080 --> 0:08:23.120 then so yeah, the kinds that we have, the different 0:08:23.160 --> 0:08:27.200 molecules which represent different smells can bind to those different receptors. 0:08:27.240 --> 0:08:29.200 That sends the signal to our brain very much the 0:08:29.240 --> 0:08:32.400 way the light can makes a nerve impulse go to 0:08:32.440 --> 0:08:34.880 our brain and our brain interprets it. So when you 0:08:34.920 --> 0:08:38.559 stop and smell the roses, the molecules you're inhaling are 0:08:38.600 --> 0:08:43.319 binding too specific receptors in your nasal passages. Essentially, we're 0:08:43.320 --> 0:08:48.240 talking like little neurons firing off. Let's talk about a 0:08:48.280 --> 0:08:52.760 related sense, taste, Taste. Yeah, taste and smell are very 0:08:52.800 --> 0:08:55.800 closely related. In fact, taste and smell together are what 0:08:55.960 --> 0:08:59.560 allows us to detect flavor. Right, Because taste and flavor 0:08:59.600 --> 0:09:01.560 are two different things, a lot of us kind of 0:09:01.640 --> 0:09:04.439 equate the two. Sure, but um, I mean that's the 0:09:04.480 --> 0:09:06.640 reason if, for example, you've ever been sick and noticed 0:09:06.720 --> 0:09:09.400 that food tastes very different when your nose is stuffed up, 0:09:10.200 --> 0:09:13.400 this is why, right, exactly. Yeah, And there are so 0:09:13.480 --> 0:09:16.600 many times where I've been sick and there's certain things 0:09:16.640 --> 0:09:19.240 that the tastes are very simple or the flavors are 0:09:19.280 --> 0:09:21.400 very simple. I should say the flavors are very simple, 0:09:21.400 --> 0:09:23.880 and therefore the taste is not that different, and I 0:09:23.960 --> 0:09:26.400 go with it. So something like tomato soup or chicken 0:09:26.400 --> 0:09:29.840 noodle soup tend to have very simple flavors and so 0:09:29.920 --> 0:09:32.240 you don't lose a whole lot in translation. Well, it's 0:09:32.240 --> 0:09:37.240 also your your tongue is really good at receiving certain chemicals, like, 0:09:37.280 --> 0:09:39.600 for example, salt is something that's hard to smell but 0:09:39.760 --> 0:09:43.079 very easy to taste, and so that's something that that's 0:09:43.080 --> 0:09:46.000 why salty food like like chicken broth is is kind 0:09:46.000 --> 0:09:50.560 of fine for for it doesn't taste that weird, right, Right, So, 0:09:50.960 --> 0:09:53.440 like you were saying, we have these sensory receptors that 0:09:53.520 --> 0:09:56.719 buying two very specific types of molecules very much kind 0:09:56.760 --> 0:09:59.680 of like the smell. In this case, you have the 0:09:59.720 --> 0:10:04.280 bay taste, which include these sweet, better sour, salty, and 0:10:04.320 --> 0:10:08.760 then oh mommy or savory. Yeah, so this is these 0:10:09.120 --> 0:10:12.000 smell and taste would both be sort of a form 0:10:12.080 --> 0:10:16.719 of chemo seption, right, sensing chemicals exactly. Yeah. So this 0:10:16.760 --> 0:10:20.240 is where with a site, we've got light when you 0:10:20.280 --> 0:10:25.080 talk about hearing or touch, you're talking about actual physical experiences. 0:10:25.160 --> 0:10:29.680 Because sound a sound is sound is motion. Really, it's 0:10:29.679 --> 0:10:32.240 it's motion of molecules in the air that are colliding 0:10:32.240 --> 0:10:35.520 with each other. If there weren't that motion, for example, 0:10:35.520 --> 0:10:38.400 if you were in the space in a vacuum, then 0:10:38.400 --> 0:10:41.800 you wouldn't hear anything because there'll be nothing to move 0:10:42.000 --> 0:10:45.720 and therefore nothing to stimulate your your sense of hearing, 0:10:46.080 --> 0:10:50.800 because your sense of hearing depends upon little tiny follicles, 0:10:50.960 --> 0:10:55.000 follicle like structures that vibrate when they come into contact 0:10:55.040 --> 0:10:58.360 with these moving molecules, that then continue to send signals 0:10:58.360 --> 0:11:01.320 further on. Like in human ears, we have these delicate 0:11:01.920 --> 0:11:06.120 bones that then end up pressing against uh kind of 0:11:06.120 --> 0:11:08.839 a chamber that's filled with fluid that has other little 0:11:08.840 --> 0:11:12.520 cilia type hairs in it sounds beautiful, yeah, And and 0:11:12.559 --> 0:11:16.040 the motion, the motion of the fluid within that chamber 0:11:16.679 --> 0:11:19.080 moves the cilia, which then send the electrical signals to 0:11:19.120 --> 0:11:21.959 your brain, which you then interpret as sound. A lot 0:11:22.000 --> 0:11:24.320 of a lot of similar things here. Your your favorite 0:11:24.400 --> 0:11:30.240 music is really just all hairs in fluid. Fluid and fluid, 0:11:30.280 --> 0:11:34.800 by the way, is the name of my guar cover band. Yeah, 0:11:35.000 --> 0:11:39.280 so don't steal it. Okay, what about touch, the last 0:11:39.280 --> 0:11:41.480 one in the big five? Yeah, tect the reception. Okay, 0:11:41.480 --> 0:11:44.439 so we're talking about neural receptors that are along things 0:11:44.480 --> 0:11:49.920 like under your skin, hair follicles, another good example. This 0:11:50.000 --> 0:11:54.600 is mostly detecting changes in pressure. So when you press 0:11:54.800 --> 0:11:58.320 up against something that those changes in pressure, what you 0:11:58.400 --> 0:12:02.079 detect that ends up turning to these again nerve impulses 0:12:02.120 --> 0:12:04.640 that get sent to your central nervous system and then 0:12:04.679 --> 0:12:08.480 get interpreted by Mr. Braining as Oh that's what that is? 0:12:08.760 --> 0:12:14.400 Why Mr Brain? Why not brain or mrs brain? Really? 0:12:14.520 --> 0:12:18.200 How about dr brain? Dr brain? A dr brain? My 0:12:18.200 --> 0:12:23.880 brain isn't that smart most days? Right? Okay? How about 0:12:23.960 --> 0:12:26.880 this though? Did you know you've got senses that don't 0:12:26.880 --> 0:12:29.800 even make the top five? We we alluded to this earlier. 0:12:29.880 --> 0:12:31.800 How about this one, which I think is really cool. 0:12:32.040 --> 0:12:34.480 Everybody sort of knows they have it, but they don't 0:12:34.520 --> 0:12:39.240 think to distinguish it. It's called Approprioception comes from approprio, 0:12:39.360 --> 0:12:43.000 the idea of one's own sense, yes, sense of one's 0:12:43.040 --> 0:12:46.679 own body, as in, you are you know where your 0:12:46.679 --> 0:12:49.520 body parts are in relation to each other, even without 0:12:49.640 --> 0:12:51.880 other senses getting in the way, right, try a little 0:12:51.880 --> 0:12:55.720 experiment here. Okay, close your eyes and clap your hands. 0:12:57.160 --> 0:13:00.560 I hit the mic. No, but probably most to the time, 0:13:00.640 --> 0:13:02.880 you can do this. Why can you do this? Why 0:13:02.920 --> 0:13:05.760 can you see? You can tell where your hands are 0:13:05.800 --> 0:13:09.600 in relationship to each other without looking at them. Yeah, yeah, 0:13:09.640 --> 0:13:12.320 it's this, it's this sense, this ability for us to 0:13:13.000 --> 0:13:16.640 uh to figure out where our body parts are. Another 0:13:16.720 --> 0:13:21.120 example one that's commonly given in in lecture halls when 0:13:21.160 --> 0:13:23.320 they talk about the source of stuff or just even 0:13:23.360 --> 0:13:25.760 just grade school, that kind of thing. Close your eyes 0:13:25.760 --> 0:13:29.080 and attempt to touch your own nose, and that again 0:13:29.160 --> 0:13:31.680 shows that you are aware of the position of where 0:13:31.679 --> 0:13:33.800 your nose is, where your finger is in relation to 0:13:33.840 --> 0:13:37.080 the nose, even while it's moving and then ending up someplace. 0:13:37.320 --> 0:13:41.160 You're able to process all of that without any sort 0:13:41.200 --> 0:13:45.320 of visual stimulation. Right. If you've taken a drug or 0:13:45.320 --> 0:13:48.560 had an injury that has impaired your sense of appropriate reception, 0:13:48.640 --> 0:13:51.679 you might have trouble doing these things without looking at 0:13:51.720 --> 0:13:54.920 what you're doing. Sure. Yeah, so that's a pretty cool one, 0:13:55.000 --> 0:13:57.400 this idea of uh, you know. And and again it's 0:13:57.440 --> 0:13:59.160 one of those things where do you call it a 0:13:59.320 --> 0:14:02.200 sense and there's some people who argue about the sense. 0:14:02.360 --> 0:14:05.240 I think so too. But Joe, there are people who don't. 0:14:06.040 --> 0:14:08.680 I'm not saying that I don't Joe, don't get offended. 0:14:08.880 --> 0:14:10.520 I don't know I think that anyone who's I mean, 0:14:10.559 --> 0:14:12.839 it's you. You juggle, Jonathan, and and and that's kind 0:14:12.880 --> 0:14:14.520 of how you how you make that happen. You have 0:14:14.559 --> 0:14:16.560 to know where your hands are without looking at Yeah, 0:14:16.559 --> 0:14:19.080 you can actually get to a point and once you 0:14:19.240 --> 0:14:20.840 get used to it, you can get to a point 0:14:20.840 --> 0:14:23.040 where you can maintain eye contact with other people and 0:14:23.080 --> 0:14:25.560 have a conversation and still continue to juggle. It's easier 0:14:25.560 --> 0:14:27.040 for me to to do it that way than to 0:14:27.080 --> 0:14:29.000 actually watch what I'm doing. If I watch what I'm doing, 0:14:29.080 --> 0:14:34.560 I freak out and drop everything nice, humble, where yell. Look. 0:14:35.720 --> 0:14:38.800 I don't juggle a lot, but when I do, it's 0:14:38.840 --> 0:14:43.840 on fire and it's sharp. Speaking of things that are 0:14:43.880 --> 0:14:48.160 on fire and sharp, how about no susception? A sense 0:14:48.200 --> 0:14:50.440 of pain? Yeah, this is a sense of pain, which 0:14:50.480 --> 0:14:53.760 people believe is actually independent from your sense of touch, 0:14:54.280 --> 0:14:57.800 So you use different it's a different neural system exactly 0:14:58.040 --> 0:15:02.880 in this case. Pain comes in various varieties. Anyone who's 0:15:03.000 --> 0:15:06.040 been fortunate enough to experience these knows them well. If 0:15:06.040 --> 0:15:09.240 you've juggled flaming machetes, yeah, since you can. You can 0:15:09.320 --> 0:15:13.360 divide these into pain that you sense along your skin, 0:15:14.080 --> 0:15:16.920 pain that is in your your joints or your bones, 0:15:17.080 --> 0:15:20.920 and pain that's in your internal organs. Um. I'm sure 0:15:21.040 --> 0:15:24.480 we've all experienced these to some degree or another. Pain 0:15:24.600 --> 0:15:28.040 is essentially the body's way of a detecting a threat 0:15:28.160 --> 0:15:31.360 and telling you, hey, you should probably get away from that. 0:15:31.560 --> 0:15:34.440 Something is getting damaged, so stop what you're doing and 0:15:34.480 --> 0:15:38.280 don't do it anymore. Right. So, Now, obviously there are 0:15:38.320 --> 0:15:41.920 some types of injuries that end up impairing this. For example, 0:15:41.960 --> 0:15:45.440 if you were to suffer a truly serious burn, talking 0:15:45.440 --> 0:15:47.880 like third degree burn, then it can be so bad 0:15:47.920 --> 0:15:53.280 that it ends up frying the destroying so then you 0:15:53.280 --> 0:15:56.320 could end up not feeling the pain until it's really 0:15:56.880 --> 0:16:00.560 a terrible injury. But in general, this is an effective 0:16:00.560 --> 0:16:03.880 warning system. It really gives you a an incentive to 0:16:04.080 --> 0:16:06.840 stop doing whatever it is that's causing the problem. This 0:16:06.920 --> 0:16:09.520 is also a sense that can be impaired on its own, 0:16:09.560 --> 0:16:12.840 and people can be unable to feel certain types of pain, 0:16:12.920 --> 0:16:15.320 and this can actually be dangerous. It sounds like a 0:16:15.360 --> 0:16:18.200 cool thing, but it's not something you want, right because 0:16:18.200 --> 0:16:21.200 if you are unable to feel pain, then you also 0:16:21.280 --> 0:16:25.160 may be unaware if you are suffering a type of injury. 0:16:25.400 --> 0:16:27.720 You might be leaning against a hot stove and burning 0:16:27.720 --> 0:16:30.080 your skin and you don't even know, right, or you 0:16:30.120 --> 0:16:34.520 could be freezing, you know, it's another temperature. Temperature sensing 0:16:34.600 --> 0:16:37.440 is a little different from pain sensing, but because we 0:16:37.480 --> 0:16:40.360 also have that is our their most their most sception. 0:16:40.760 --> 0:16:44.320 But but it can also lead to sensing pain, depending 0:16:44.400 --> 0:16:48.480 upon if it's reaching a yeah, I have a question, Sure, 0:16:48.720 --> 0:16:51.240 what's the sense that lets me know whether or not 0:16:51.440 --> 0:16:57.360 I'm upside down? Equiliberal exception, which is that's that's when 0:16:57.360 --> 0:16:59.200 you uh, that's more to do with that inner ear 0:16:59.240 --> 0:17:02.200 fluid of yours. Yes, yeah, your woe is more of 0:17:02.240 --> 0:17:05.959 a matrixception. Equilibrium was an excellent movie and very similar 0:17:05.960 --> 0:17:08.200 to the Matrix. I wouldn't call that an excellent movie 0:17:09.080 --> 0:17:12.439 the matrix anyway. Okay, we're gonna we're gonna have a 0:17:12.440 --> 0:17:15.240 nerd fight when we get out of this one. Equilibrio reception. Alright, 0:17:15.280 --> 0:17:18.920 so the tune into our past nerd fights. We keep 0:17:19.000 --> 0:17:20.920 we keep threatening to do that, and who knows, maybe 0:17:20.920 --> 0:17:24.520 one day that will happen. Uh, equilibrio reception. Yeah, this 0:17:24.600 --> 0:17:27.200 is the sense of balance. You're You're right, it is, Lauren. 0:17:27.240 --> 0:17:30.800 It does involve the inner ear because partially partially yeah, 0:17:30.800 --> 0:17:32.920 because we're we're talking about being able to detect things 0:17:33.000 --> 0:17:37.399 like angular momentum and acceleration, linear momentum and acceleration, and 0:17:37.440 --> 0:17:40.960 being able to to maintain our sense of balance even 0:17:41.000 --> 0:17:43.680 as we move around. I mean, anyone who has ever 0:17:44.200 --> 0:17:46.239 just I mean just just being able to walk like 0:17:46.440 --> 0:17:48.080 you need that sense of balance in order to be 0:17:48.119 --> 0:17:50.360 able to do that. If if you were only standing 0:17:50.880 --> 0:17:54.280 perfectly still in the same orientation for your entire life, 0:17:54.440 --> 0:17:56.879 wouldn't be so important. But we like to move around, 0:17:57.119 --> 0:18:00.399 and we encounter environments that are not always perfectly level 0:18:01.119 --> 0:18:04.000 or perfectly stationary, and so obviously we need to have 0:18:04.040 --> 0:18:06.920 that sense of balance to be able to to navigate that. 0:18:07.320 --> 0:18:10.120 Of course, the cool thing about that is you're actually 0:18:10.119 --> 0:18:15.080 not detecting movement. You're detecting acceleration or deceleration, because we're 0:18:15.080 --> 0:18:18.600 always moving on the Earth and we don't feel that. Yes, well, 0:18:18.600 --> 0:18:21.680 we're used to it. If we were, if we were 0:18:21.720 --> 0:18:25.080 feeling the rotation and and the revolution of the earth 0:18:25.080 --> 0:18:30.520 around the sun. We probably never stopped screaming, all right, good, 0:18:30.640 --> 0:18:33.200 good point, Jonathan. Just think we'd be like, I can't 0:18:33.240 --> 0:18:36.080 do anything else because I'm too business. There's so many 0:18:36.119 --> 0:18:41.480 good reasons to never stop screaming. Oh my goodness, gracious. Okay, 0:18:41.520 --> 0:18:43.639 but yeah, there are other senses that we could talk about. 0:18:43.680 --> 0:18:45.600 You know, there's your sense of hunger, there's your sense 0:18:45.640 --> 0:18:49.240 of thirst. There's senses that we have internally that relate 0:18:49.320 --> 0:18:54.040 to various types of experiences we could have. Some would 0:18:54.160 --> 0:18:56.960 argue that some of them are related to things like 0:18:57.400 --> 0:19:01.200 temperature or pain. It all depends upon again, who's doing 0:19:01.240 --> 0:19:02.959 the talking, right, Yeah, and I guess there are some 0:19:03.040 --> 0:19:06.119 we we still might have questions about, Like does it 0:19:06.160 --> 0:19:09.760 make sense to call chronoception the sense of the passage 0:19:09.800 --> 0:19:13.320 of time a sense? Is that a sense? Or is 0:19:13.359 --> 0:19:15.960 that yeah? Or is that just a short term and 0:19:15.960 --> 0:19:19.520 long term memory interaction. Yeah, it's the way that we codify, 0:19:19.720 --> 0:19:23.879 especially considering that our memories are are very very very fallible, 0:19:24.440 --> 0:19:29.120 right that that, uh, we're malleable or both malleables. And yeah, 0:19:29.119 --> 0:19:31.439 it's an even better way of putting it. Lauren because 0:19:31.800 --> 0:19:34.240 as we well, it is. I would call it ductile. 0:19:35.400 --> 0:19:39.760 I call it plastic, all right. At any rate, Look, Joe, 0:19:39.840 --> 0:19:42.119 you're very smart too. I don't I don't mean to, 0:19:42.359 --> 0:19:46.160 I don't mean to suggest otherwise. Stuff. I love you both, 0:19:46.160 --> 0:19:49.960 all right, You're both my favorite so anyway, but yeah, yeah, 0:19:50.000 --> 0:19:53.840 memory is malleable. Memory can change. We can We've known this, 0:19:53.960 --> 0:19:57.240 like we know that I witness testimony in court cases, 0:19:57.560 --> 0:20:01.040 while it tends to bear a lot of weight among jurors, 0:20:01.560 --> 0:20:06.720 is not terribly reliable because our memories are not not 0:20:06.840 --> 0:20:10.000 even close to reliable. Okay, I want to get to 0:20:10.800 --> 0:20:15.520 other senses, and by other I mean beyond human senses. 0:20:15.600 --> 0:20:18.920 So these are senses that you might find in other organisms, 0:20:18.920 --> 0:20:21.280 but not in human beings. Well, you might find them 0:20:21.320 --> 0:20:24.280 in some very small way in human beings, but not 0:20:24.359 --> 0:20:26.760 in a really appreciable sense, not in a way that 0:20:26.800 --> 0:20:30.439 would be of any real use to the average person. 0:20:30.520 --> 0:20:32.960 Although we have some exceptions with a couple of these, 0:20:33.800 --> 0:20:36.400 the first one we want to talk about, magneto reception, 0:20:36.640 --> 0:20:39.679 might be different. This is how you are able to 0:20:39.800 --> 0:20:45.000 sense X Men comic books, Magneto reception or magneto reception. 0:20:45.359 --> 0:20:49.000 Magneto reception or whatever you want to say. It's the 0:20:49.040 --> 0:20:52.960 way an organism senses magnetic fields. This is one that 0:20:53.000 --> 0:20:56.440 I think there's some controversy over the extent to which 0:20:56.520 --> 0:20:58.760 this is present in humans. But we don't have a 0:20:58.880 --> 0:21:02.760 very strong of magneto reception, if we have any at all. Yeah, 0:21:02.800 --> 0:21:05.760 there's some people who argue that if you were to say, 0:21:05.880 --> 0:21:08.399 live near power lines where you have a lot of 0:21:08.440 --> 0:21:12.280 alternating current, that could end up making you not feel well, 0:21:12.400 --> 0:21:14.240 which would suggest that there would be some sort of 0:21:14.280 --> 0:21:18.560 magneto reception mechanism going on there, But double blind studies 0:21:18.760 --> 0:21:21.840 don't seem to bear that out yet. I mean, mostly 0:21:21.880 --> 0:21:26.840 the research that I've read has suggested that in many organisms, um, 0:21:27.000 --> 0:21:30.159 and end result of being exposed to magnetic fields is 0:21:30.640 --> 0:21:35.879 a subproduction of calcium ions which which can which can 0:21:35.920 --> 0:21:40.320 affect your your your overall health and well being. Um. 0:21:40.359 --> 0:21:45.040 But that's like super not tested research, I mean, and 0:21:45.080 --> 0:21:47.879 it's also not something that you would necessarily like detect 0:21:48.080 --> 0:21:50.880 the presence of a magnetic field. You'd be affected by 0:21:50.880 --> 0:21:53.680 the presence, right. Well, another thing that might be there 0:21:53.800 --> 0:21:57.919 is like, well, what if humans can use some in 0:21:58.040 --> 0:22:02.320 a sort of very subcon just magnetic information to help 0:22:02.359 --> 0:22:05.160 them navigate. Like people who are good at finding their 0:22:05.160 --> 0:22:09.480 way around, there are some animals who can seriously do 0:22:09.560 --> 0:22:13.560 that really well, yeah, like like uncannily for reals. I mean, 0:22:13.720 --> 0:22:17.320 this is what allows birds that migrate to in some 0:22:17.359 --> 0:22:20.439 cases migrate from the north pole to the south pole 0:22:20.800 --> 0:22:24.720 every year, right, ridiculous. Well, it's because the Earth generates 0:22:24.760 --> 0:22:28.240 its own magnetic field. And if you know that, well 0:22:28.280 --> 0:22:31.399 maybe not. No, let's just let's not talk about cognition. 0:22:31.440 --> 0:22:33.760 But you're a bird that needs to go north at 0:22:33.760 --> 0:22:36.119 a certain time of the year, needs to go south 0:22:36.160 --> 0:22:38.000 at a different time of the year, and you have 0:22:38.200 --> 0:22:40.879 something going on in your brain and nervous system that 0:22:41.040 --> 0:22:44.439 that triggers that instinct. Okay, now is the time to 0:22:44.520 --> 0:22:47.960 follow this magnetic signal? Right there? As I recall in 0:22:48.000 --> 0:22:54.120 the novel version of Jurassic Park, actually the dinosaurs yeah, 0:22:54.200 --> 0:22:57.320