WEBVTT - Why is it so hard to say "toy boat" three times fast?

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<v Speaker 1>Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

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<v Speaker 1>It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff you should know

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<v Speaker 1>from house Stuff Works dot com? Hey, even, welcome to

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<v Speaker 1>the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, Hi Josh, Hi Chuck, I'm Chuck,

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<v Speaker 1>Big Chuck, Hi Josh. This could arguably be the worst

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<v Speaker 1>intro we've ever recorded. Chuck, what do you think? Maybe?

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<v Speaker 1>All right, but let's not do it again. No, let's

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<v Speaker 1>get raw and fresh baby. Okay, So Chuck, say toy

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<v Speaker 1>boat three times fast now, toy boat, toy boat, toy boat,

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<v Speaker 1>toy boat, toy boat. That actually at last one, when

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<v Speaker 1>you correct yourself, that was pretty good. But the point

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<v Speaker 1>is that you can't. You're not supposed to correct yourself.

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<v Speaker 1>You want to hear me do it? Yeah, toy boat

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<v Speaker 1>to boat. I can't do it. You just went into

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<v Speaker 1>Tibet kind of. But Jerry, our producer, actually did it

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<v Speaker 1>a few minutes ago when you were out of the

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<v Speaker 1>room doing your push ups like you do between podcasts.

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<v Speaker 1>It gives me pump Chuck. Yeah, she did it on

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<v Speaker 1>the She's the big deal. Jerry does everything perfectly, um,

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<v Speaker 1>but most people can't. I've never been enable to say

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<v Speaker 1>toy boat three times. It's a tongue twister, it is.

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<v Speaker 1>That's exactly right. And did you know, Chuck, that it's

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<v Speaker 1>assumed that tongue to tongue see yeah, baby, Uh, tongue

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<v Speaker 1>twisters are universal. Yes they are. I did not know

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<v Speaker 1>that until we did a little research. All right, So

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<v Speaker 1>you you have some from foreign lands. I do I

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<v Speaker 1>want to hear something because I don't know any I

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<v Speaker 1>found a Chinese one, and there is actually like an

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<v Speaker 1>MP three maybe MP four that of this Chinese tongue twister.

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<v Speaker 1>I was like, I'm not going to the trouble of

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<v Speaker 1>learning that. Well, I will do my best to Japanese

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<v Speaker 1>tongue twisters and their translations. So the first one is

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<v Speaker 1>uh kiru pioco pioco, me pioco pioco, A wassat pioco pioco,

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<v Speaker 1>move pioco pioco. That is a tongue twister. It is, boy,

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<v Speaker 1>what does it mean? It translated loosely means take two

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<v Speaker 1>sets of three frog croaks, add them together and they

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<v Speaker 1>make six frog croaks beautiful like that. And here's another

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<v Speaker 1>one's just a word to the wise. It is. It's

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<v Speaker 1>word words to the wise. And here's another one from Japan,

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<v Speaker 1>it is kono kogi wa hiki nuki nikki kogda, and

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<v Speaker 1>that means the nail, this nail is hard to pull out.

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<v Speaker 1>Really yeah, wow, so you you can kind of see

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<v Speaker 1>how maybe a tongue twister in Japanese doesn't really translate

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<v Speaker 1>into a tongue twister, you know, in English. But does

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<v Speaker 1>she sells seashells down by the sea shore. That's kind

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<v Speaker 1>of silly too, it is, but this nail is hard

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<v Speaker 1>to pull out. It's more of like a that's a statement.

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<v Speaker 1>You're right, you know, seashells, seashells, sea sells Jesus. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>the descending in so basically chuck. Um. It's becoming increasingly

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<v Speaker 1>apparent that as far as tongue twisters go, I have

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<v Speaker 1>what you might call a phonological disorder. You heard of

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<v Speaker 1>these I have? Okay, well I'll tell everybody else about it.

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<v Speaker 1>You just sit there quietly, okay, Okay. So a phonological

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<v Speaker 1>disorder is, basically, um, it's it's any time where you're

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<v Speaker 1>developing in such a way that you aren't pronouncing certain phonemes.

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<v Speaker 1>And a phoneme if you'll remember correctly when we were,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, back in second or third grade, there was

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<v Speaker 1>hooked down phonics. Remember hooked down phonics worked for me. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>so instead of a phonic, it's actually called a phoneme technically,

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<v Speaker 1>but it's the same thing like buh boy boy. Right.

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<v Speaker 1>Those are two phone names, two separate phonemes, and they're

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<v Speaker 1>the way we pronounce words, and we learn how to um,

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<v Speaker 1>how to pronounce different words, uh, phonetically. That's that's how

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<v Speaker 1>we learned to read usually, um, and that's also how

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<v Speaker 1>we learn to communicate. Now, if that development doesn't happen properly, Um,

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<v Speaker 1>you can end up with a phonological disorder. Is that

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<v Speaker 1>a speech impediment? Uh? Yeah, that's another way to put it.

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<v Speaker 1>But um, a speech impediment could also include stuttering, which

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<v Speaker 1>is not a phonological or yeah, a phonological disorder. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>it's actually it's extraneous. But um, this is specifically with

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<v Speaker 1>the pronunciation of a phoneme. Right, So let's say you

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<v Speaker 1>didn't really get the gust sound. You're gonna have that

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<v Speaker 1>apostrophe after the end and an I n G like

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<v Speaker 1>nothing something right, And that's actually a sign that you

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<v Speaker 1>may have a phonological disorder when you leave them off

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<v Speaker 1>at the end, especially or when you substitute one for another, Right,

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<v Speaker 1>Sarah Palin, give me an example. Well, that there was

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<v Speaker 1>just kind of the common joke was that she never

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<v Speaker 1>pronounced anything with the G on the end of it. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>but I think that was just more colloquial. I think

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<v Speaker 1>so too, And I think it was very very well

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<v Speaker 1>studied colloquialism. Indeed, yea, so um that the so the

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<v Speaker 1>phonological disorder thing, apparently anywhere from seven to ten percent

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<v Speaker 1>of five year olds have one. Yeah, and uh, it

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<v Speaker 1>can it can be really you know, like leaving the

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<v Speaker 1>G off the end of a word. Uh, he's kind

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<v Speaker 1>of mild. Um or it can be incredibly severe where

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<v Speaker 1>no one understands the word you're saying, including your family. Right,

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<v Speaker 1>Like you just you're essentially not making sense even though

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<v Speaker 1>you know what you want to say. You're just you.

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<v Speaker 1>No one can understand you. So therefore what's the point

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<v Speaker 1>of communicating? Right, So that's severe, not like when you

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<v Speaker 1>hear like a little kid say my shoulder holts. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>Well actually that's part of development too. That's that that's

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<v Speaker 1>either either they have a phonological disorder or they're still

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<v Speaker 1>working out the kinks or their shoulder holts. Yeah, exactly, so. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>and there's two there's two causes for phonological disorders right, well,

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<v Speaker 1>actually there's three. The third one is just beyond cryptic.

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<v Speaker 1>The first one is structural, right where your your brain

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<v Speaker 1>isn't structurally developed in the normal way, and therefore there's

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<v Speaker 1>there's something missing. Um, there's some neurons aren't connected. There's

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<v Speaker 1>there's something that's that's structurally different about your brain that's

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<v Speaker 1>going to keep you from being able to say certain phonemes.

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<v Speaker 1>The other is neurological, where you're you're nervous system is

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<v Speaker 1>and finally tuned quite enough to be able to really

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<v Speaker 1>get the real polished phonemes, like like a z H

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<v Speaker 1>sound or something like that, so you'd have trouble speaking French.

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<v Speaker 1>I would say, probably uh. And the third one just

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<v Speaker 1>scares me. It's um uh, it's a phonological disorder of

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<v Speaker 1>indeterminate origin. Basically we have no idea, okay, And the

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<v Speaker 1>reason we have no idea is because we aren't entirely

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<v Speaker 1>certain how we speak, how we hear, how we speak.

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<v Speaker 1>We don't know. Did you know that I did not

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<v Speaker 1>know that we'll give me something you got Well, I

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<v Speaker 1>thought you were going to talk about the tongue. Oh yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>we'll get to the tongue. Is now a good time?

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<v Speaker 1>I think that was a great time. Well, the tongue

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<v Speaker 1>is actually, as everyone knows, very important to your speech,

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<v Speaker 1>uh and taste and taste. Obviously, the tongue is connected

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<v Speaker 1>to the base of your mouth by a piece of tissue,

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<v Speaker 1>A vertical piece of tissue. Yeah, what's it called? Everyone

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<v Speaker 1>wants to know that, and now we know it's that's

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<v Speaker 1>called the lingual uh franulum? Is that how you would

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<v Speaker 1>pronounce it? I know we constantly butcher pronunciations that feel bad.

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<v Speaker 1>The lingual framulum. That's what I went with. Okay, I

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<v Speaker 1>like that, and that's what the little thing is called. Um.

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<v Speaker 1>If yours is too short, uh, you you may get

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<v Speaker 1>a speech impediment because of that, because your tongue has

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<v Speaker 1>to have a certain amount of movement, right to be

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<v Speaker 1>able to carry out to produce these phonemes, right, right,

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<v Speaker 1>But you can have it corrected. They're actually surgeries. Still

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<v Speaker 1>a little bit of snipe, A little snip here and there.

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<v Speaker 1>Might as well talk about putting bamboo shoots under your

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<v Speaker 1>fingernails when I think of like snipping the lingual formulum. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>that's bad. Uh. So, Yeah, the tongue has a lot

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<v Speaker 1>to do with how you pronounce things, and so has

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<v Speaker 1>everything to do with So if you have a problem

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<v Speaker 1>with the frenulum there, then you're gonna have some issues

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<v Speaker 1>with your speech. And I imagine there's probably an opposite

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<v Speaker 1>disorder to where you're maybe lacking a lingual framulum and

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<v Speaker 1>your tongue just kind of lalls around in your mouth. Interesting,

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<v Speaker 1>maybe you have like a very little control over it.

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<v Speaker 1>I would think that would produce a speech impediment as well.

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<v Speaker 1>But you just made that up, right, I did. But

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<v Speaker 1>you know that somebody somewhere out there has that problem,

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<v Speaker 1>and if you do, send us an email. Thanks for

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<v Speaker 1>tuning in. So okay, chuckers, Um, you want to get

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<v Speaker 1>back to the brain part, uh, because really, your tongue

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<v Speaker 1>is not doing anything on its own. It's obeying your brain,

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<v Speaker 1>all right. So it all comes back to the brain essentially,

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<v Speaker 1>doesn't It always does. Um. So there's this guy who

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<v Speaker 1>in the nineteen sixties, his name is al Lieberman. I

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<v Speaker 1>think he was a yalely um, and he came up

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<v Speaker 1>with this thing called the motor theory of speech perception, Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>And basically this theory said that to produce speech, we

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<v Speaker 1>used the same areas of the brain that we that

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<v Speaker 1>we used to hear to listen, right, So it's like

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<v Speaker 1>a mimicking type of thing. It's basically what this guy's

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<v Speaker 1>point was is that when we hear something, we hear

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<v Speaker 1>it like we're speaking it. Right, maybe we cut it

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<v Speaker 1>into phone emes um, but it's it's basically the reverse process,

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<v Speaker 1>which actually a lot of people bought into for for

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<v Speaker 1>many many years, and then it kind of fell out

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<v Speaker 1>of favor in the eighties, right right. But then almost

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<v Speaker 1>as soon as it fell out of favor favor, some

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<v Speaker 1>some studies started coming around that actually supported it, and

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<v Speaker 1>now it's gaining strength again, especially since the evan of

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<v Speaker 1>the m R. I. But you want to tell them

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<v Speaker 1>about that study that really kind of suggests that we

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<v Speaker 1>do here the same way we speak, the Haber and

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<v Speaker 1>Haber study. As I can't figure out their brother and sister,

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<v Speaker 1>I seen they're probably husband and wife. Yeah, Yeah, they

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<v Speaker 1>did some research, and what what they did was they

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<v Speaker 1>got some college aged subjects and had them and silently

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<v Speaker 1>read sentences that had tongue twisters, right, and then they

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<v Speaker 1>also had them a control group who uh, I'm sorry.

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<v Speaker 1>The control group was a different sentence that did not

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<v Speaker 1>have a tongue to us, just a regular sentence. Right.

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<v Speaker 1>So they found out that it took longer to read

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<v Speaker 1>to silently read the tongue twisters than it did for

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<v Speaker 1>the sentences that that did not contain them. Right. And

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<v Speaker 1>these are all fully developed um college age test subjects,

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<v Speaker 1>And so if if we aren't using the same process

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<v Speaker 1>in reverse, we shouldn't have any trouble silently reading a

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<v Speaker 1>tongue twister. But it suggests that we we read by

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<v Speaker 1>breaking things up into phonemes, just like we do when

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<v Speaker 1>we're speaking, right, which would suggest that the motor theory

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<v Speaker 1>of speech uh is correct? Right, which I agree with

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<v Speaker 1>because I looked up some some cool tongue twisters and

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<v Speaker 1>I have to read them slower in my head than

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<v Speaker 1>I just like I would when I say him right,

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<v Speaker 1>like what? Well, Uh, there's one. I believe it's the

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<v Speaker 1>Guinness holds a Guinness Record for being and I can

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<v Speaker 1>barely get through this one for being the most difficult

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<v Speaker 1>tongue twister, and that is how do you quantify that

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<v Speaker 1>world record? Well, we'll have to ask in us about that.

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<v Speaker 1>It is the sixth six sheets, six sheeps sick. I

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<v Speaker 1>can hardly get through that. So the six six I

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<v Speaker 1>can't even say it, can I try? Yeah, it's it's

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<v Speaker 1>at the top there. Okay, So the six six sheics,

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<v Speaker 1>six sheeps sick man, that's pretty good. Thank you. I

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<v Speaker 1>just overcame the world record holder for toughest tongue twister.

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<v Speaker 1>That's impressive. Yeah, thanks a lot. And there's also something

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<v Speaker 1>called spoonerisms. Did you look into that? Uh. Spoonerism is

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<v Speaker 1>when there's a transposition of it's usually an initial sound

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<v Speaker 1>of two or more words. So for instance, tons of

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<v Speaker 1>soil versus sons of toil, that's a spoonerism. And it's

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<v Speaker 1>and it's actually a lot of times are designed. People

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<v Speaker 1>make up a spoonerism that will get you to say

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<v Speaker 1>a curse word by accident, like I U p h No,

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<v Speaker 1>not exactly. More like, I'm not a pheasant plucker. I'm

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<v Speaker 1>the pheasant plucker's mate, and I'm only plucking pheasants because

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<v Speaker 1>the pheasant plucker is late. So if someone I got

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<v Speaker 1>to that fast enough, they might accidentally say a bad word. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>we have to try that later once it's you know, off,

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<v Speaker 1>the recording button is off. And interesting, they also found

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<v Speaker 1>out there they're also sign language uh twisters, and they

0:12:19.000 --> 0:12:23.319
<v Speaker 1>called us finger fumblers. I wow, how about that. I

0:12:23.320 --> 0:12:25.240
<v Speaker 1>didn't tell you that one. So that's a that's a

0:12:25.240 --> 0:12:29.480
<v Speaker 1>sign language spoonerism, a sign language a tongue twister. And

0:12:29.600 --> 0:12:31.720
<v Speaker 1>I did not find any. I tried to research and

0:12:31.760 --> 0:12:34.200
<v Speaker 1>find some. So if anyone out there knows of any

0:12:34.200 --> 0:12:37.199
<v Speaker 1>sign language finger fumblers, we'd love to hear about it. Well,

0:12:37.200 --> 0:12:39.640
<v Speaker 1>that's pretty interesting. Um. Actually that kind of leads us

0:12:39.640 --> 0:12:42.320
<v Speaker 1>back to the whole toy boat thing. Um, As it

0:12:42.360 --> 0:12:45.240
<v Speaker 1>turns out like there's no definitive answer for why it's

0:12:45.320 --> 0:12:48.920
<v Speaker 1>tough for us to say toy boat right, whether it's

0:12:49.000 --> 0:12:51.800
<v Speaker 1>it's physical like the tongue can't move fast enough. You

0:12:51.840 --> 0:12:54.560
<v Speaker 1>just said it funny in saying it. Yeah, I'm from

0:12:54.559 --> 0:12:57.400
<v Speaker 1>Ohio and sometimes you can hear that every once in

0:12:57.440 --> 0:13:00.760
<v Speaker 1>a while. Um, and uh, So we don't know if

0:13:00.760 --> 0:13:03.840
<v Speaker 1>it's if it's physical, like the tongues just incapable. Like

0:13:03.920 --> 0:13:06.760
<v Speaker 1>we found a couple of phonemes that we can string together,

0:13:06.800 --> 0:13:08.760
<v Speaker 1>that the tongue doesn't move fast enough to say it

0:13:08.800 --> 0:13:11.679
<v Speaker 1>three times fast, or if it's a brain glitch, right,

0:13:12.080 --> 0:13:14.760
<v Speaker 1>if we if there are finger what are they calling

0:13:15.480 --> 0:13:18.920
<v Speaker 1>finger fumbler? Finger fumblers even though you're producing language, you're

0:13:18.920 --> 0:13:21.600
<v Speaker 1>moving your fingers, So I would imagine you're using a

0:13:21.600 --> 0:13:24.560
<v Speaker 1>different region of the brain for that, or maybe an

0:13:24.559 --> 0:13:27.920
<v Speaker 1>additional region of the brain. So, uh, yeah, we don't.

0:13:27.960 --> 0:13:32.000
<v Speaker 1>We can't say for certain whether it's the brain or

0:13:32.679 --> 0:13:35.839
<v Speaker 1>the tongue that's responsible. It could be the tongue. Think

0:13:35.880 --> 0:13:41.480
<v Speaker 1>about it, toy boat right, um, the going from the

0:13:41.520 --> 0:13:44.200
<v Speaker 1>oi like the tongue is at the bottom of your mouth.

0:13:44.440 --> 0:13:48.400
<v Speaker 1>To boat your your tongue has to go back up

0:13:48.600 --> 0:13:51.960
<v Speaker 1>and kind of click on the sides along your molars. True,

0:13:52.480 --> 0:13:54.600
<v Speaker 1>that may be just something that it can't do very quickly,

0:13:55.480 --> 0:13:58.520
<v Speaker 1>or it could be you know, your your motor system

0:13:58.640 --> 0:14:01.920
<v Speaker 1>in your in your rain is not working correctly. Right.

0:14:02.040 --> 0:14:04.880
<v Speaker 1>These things really frustrate me. Um. I don't know if

0:14:04.880 --> 0:14:07.440
<v Speaker 1>it's a little kid in me from class coming out,

0:14:07.480 --> 0:14:11.000
<v Speaker 1>but any anything like this or anytime someone uh you know,

0:14:11.040 --> 0:14:13.360
<v Speaker 1>the rub your stomach and pat your head or any

0:14:13.360 --> 0:14:15.680
<v Speaker 1>of those physical things with them basically where you trick

0:14:15.720 --> 0:14:20.760
<v Speaker 1>your brain. I hate those. Yeah, it reduces me too.

0:14:20.800 --> 0:14:24.240
<v Speaker 1>I feel like you know to like the single cell organism.

0:14:24.280 --> 0:14:26.680
<v Speaker 1>I just can't work it out. Well, don't feel too bad, Chuck,

0:14:26.720 --> 0:14:28.840
<v Speaker 1>because I have one fast fact for you that I

0:14:28.840 --> 0:14:31.880
<v Speaker 1>think you're gonna feel better about. The average speaker only

0:14:31.960 --> 0:14:36.200
<v Speaker 1>makes about one error for every thousand words spoken. Really,

0:14:36.240 --> 0:14:38.440
<v Speaker 1>and I would say you're above average, So don't feel

0:14:38.440 --> 0:14:43.680
<v Speaker 1>too bad that I have more or below average? Below average? Well,

0:14:43.720 --> 0:14:46.320
<v Speaker 1>there's my one, right. Yeah. I think if you counted

0:14:46.320 --> 0:14:48.400
<v Speaker 1>out the mistakes that I make in a podcast, that

0:14:48.400 --> 0:14:50.080
<v Speaker 1>would be much higher than that. But I think that's

0:14:50.080 --> 0:14:54.320
<v Speaker 1>a little different than normal speaking conversation. I feel the pressure. Well,

0:14:54.640 --> 0:14:56.520
<v Speaker 1>if you guys out there want to see the word

0:14:56.800 --> 0:15:00.400
<v Speaker 1>lingual a frenulum and by word, of course, I mean words,

0:15:00.480 --> 0:15:04.120
<v Speaker 1>there's two for me. Um. You can type in why

0:15:04.160 --> 0:15:06.880
<v Speaker 1>can't you say toy boat in our search bar at

0:15:06.920 --> 0:15:09.440
<v Speaker 1>how stuff works dot com. But first before we let

0:15:09.480 --> 0:15:16.520
<v Speaker 1>you go to me where yet? Because we have listener mail, Yes, Josh,

0:15:16.520 --> 0:15:19.120
<v Speaker 1>we have listener mail. Yes, this was just one piece

0:15:19.120 --> 0:15:23.480
<v Speaker 1>of mail from our fan Lila Feldman, and Lila's writing

0:15:23.480 --> 0:15:25.720
<v Speaker 1>in about our what to Do with the Dead body episode. Yeah.

0:15:25.760 --> 0:15:27.960
<v Speaker 1>I love that she does too, but she had a

0:15:28.000 --> 0:15:29.840
<v Speaker 1>little bit of a problem with it. And so we're

0:15:29.840 --> 0:15:31.400
<v Speaker 1>gonna read this because I don't want people to think

0:15:31.400 --> 0:15:34.880
<v Speaker 1>we just cherry pick, you know, the kudos to ourselves. No,

0:15:35.040 --> 0:15:37.440
<v Speaker 1>definitely don't. So she writes in and says that I

0:15:37.480 --> 0:15:39.720
<v Speaker 1>was a little disappointed with a recent podcast because you

0:15:39.760 --> 0:15:42.840
<v Speaker 1>didn't mention some older and more traditional ways of burial

0:15:42.920 --> 0:15:45.320
<v Speaker 1>that can be considered green, which is a very good point.

0:15:45.880 --> 0:15:50.560
<v Speaker 1>For instance, Jewish burial, traditionally someone was just wrapped in

0:15:50.600 --> 0:15:52.880
<v Speaker 1>a shroud and put in the ground, and then that

0:15:52.960 --> 0:15:55.840
<v Speaker 1>eventually evolved to a pine box. But that would have

0:15:55.880 --> 0:15:57.920
<v Speaker 1>been an old school way to have a green burial

0:15:58.280 --> 0:16:01.760
<v Speaker 1>traditional Jewish Paris. It makes sense, does And another method

0:16:02.240 --> 0:16:05.440
<v Speaker 1>which no one uses nowadays, uh, that's popular in Roman

0:16:05.480 --> 0:16:08.600
<v Speaker 1>times still around the Turkish Empire, is to just bury

0:16:08.640 --> 0:16:11.360
<v Speaker 1>the body as is in the ground, wait for the

0:16:11.360 --> 0:16:14.000
<v Speaker 1>flesh and decomposed, and then dig out the bones. And

0:16:14.040 --> 0:16:17.480
<v Speaker 1>then you usually put those bones in the catacombs and

0:16:17.960 --> 0:16:20.680
<v Speaker 1>or taken with the family when they were trying to

0:16:20.880 --> 0:16:22.920
<v Speaker 1>like escape a tyrant or go on vacation, even they

0:16:22.920 --> 0:16:25.320
<v Speaker 1>would kick these bones or works really good for a

0:16:25.400 --> 0:16:29.160
<v Speaker 1>nice souper, yeah, a nice consumm Yeah. So that was

0:16:29.200 --> 0:16:32.520
<v Speaker 1>from Laila Feldman, and we appreciate Laila writing in. And

0:16:32.560 --> 0:16:35.240
<v Speaker 1>I'm sure there were all sorts of ancient ways of

0:16:35.320 --> 0:16:37.840
<v Speaker 1>dealing with dead bodies that we failed to consider. So

0:16:37.880 --> 0:16:39.520
<v Speaker 1>we we kind of had a modern take on it.

0:16:39.560 --> 0:16:41.800
<v Speaker 1>But right we just get so frantically caught up in

0:16:41.840 --> 0:16:44.360
<v Speaker 1>the green movement thing. You know, we just keep looking forward,

0:16:44.400 --> 0:16:46.920
<v Speaker 1>looking forward, right backward. There's a lot of answers if

0:16:46.920 --> 0:16:49.440
<v Speaker 1>you look back, and if you'd like to take Chuck

0:16:49.480 --> 0:16:52.720
<v Speaker 1>and Eyed a task in a very puritanical manner, you

0:16:52.760 --> 0:16:56.680
<v Speaker 1>can send an email to Stuff Podcast at how stuff

0:16:56.720 --> 0:17:02.600
<v Speaker 1>works dot com. For more on this and thousands of

0:17:02.600 --> 0:17:06.080
<v Speaker 1>other topics, visit how stuff works dot com. M HM

0:17:07.880 --> 0:17:10.480
<v Speaker 1>brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

0:17:10.760 --> 0:17:11.919
<v Speaker 1>It's ready, are you