Speaker 1: You're listening to Part Time Genius, the production of Kaleidoscope
Speaker 1: and iHeartRadio.
Speaker 2: Guess what, Mengo, what's that?
Speaker 1: Well?
Speaker 2: All right, So I was doing a little research on
Speaker 2: narwals this week, which is handy because the episode is
Speaker 2: about narwals, and I think one of the reasons narwals
Speaker 2: are so intriguing is that you actually can't find a
Speaker 2: narwal at a zoo. Did you know this?
Speaker 1: You know? I never really thought about that, And it's
Speaker 1: weird because you see all these other Arctic creatures like
Speaker 1: whales and polar bears and things like that, So are
Speaker 1: they an endangerous species?
Speaker 2: For the longest time, To be honest, I actually thought
Speaker 2: that they were mythological creatures. I thought it was like
Speaker 2: the unicorn of the sea, and so I thought maybe
Speaker 2: that was why. But actually, there are tons of narwals
Speaker 2: in the wild. The latest count is that they're about
Speaker 2: one hundred and seventy thousand of them in the Arctic,
Speaker 2: way more than I realized, which is a great thing.
Speaker 2: And they're huge, like their bodies are eighteen feet long
Speaker 2: and you can add another ten feet for their horn,
Speaker 2: no joke.
Speaker 1: So that's like a twenty eight foot program height.
Speaker 2: Yes, yeah, which is impressive. But you know, because they
Speaker 2: live a lot of their life under the ice and
Speaker 2: in these really cold, dark regions of the water, we
Speaker 2: don't really know a whole lot about them. But more importantly,
Speaker 2: when you take them out of their homes, they just
Speaker 2: don't do that well. So unlike porpoises or beluga whales,
Speaker 2: which are close cousins and actually can do okay in aquariums,
Speaker 2: narwals really react badly when they're in captivity.
Speaker 1: So this has actually been tried before.
Speaker 2: Well, there've only been a couple of attempts, at least
Speaker 2: two that I am aware of. So there was one
Speaker 2: in Coney Island. Of course, I think we had to
Speaker 2: assume if there was going to be an effort, there
Speaker 2: would be in Coney Island, and the narwhal was kept
Speaker 2: with a beluga and fed milk and chopped up clams.
Speaker 2: I'm not sure there was a great diet or a
Speaker 2: lot of thought put into that. But then there was
Speaker 2: another one in Vancouver where there were a bunch of
Speaker 2: calves and an adult brought in. But in both cases
Speaker 2: the acidity and carbon dioxide levels and the narwhals blow
Speaker 2: fell and then their oxygen rises, so they can die
Speaker 2: pretty quickly because of this. But actually, if you go
Speaker 2: outside of captivity, they typically live to be fifty years old,
Speaker 2: even reach ages of one hundred in some cases, which
Speaker 2: is pretty awesome. Anyway, if you want to see a
Speaker 2: real live narwhalet, there is only one way. You gotta
Speaker 2: head north.
Speaker 1: Well, I don't think I have any plans to get
Speaker 1: to the Arctic and then your future, but why don't
Speaker 1: we dive into the episode instead?
Speaker 3: That sounds great, Hey.
Speaker 2: Their podcast listeners, Welcome to Part Time Genius. I'm Will
Speaker 2: Pearson and as always I'm joined by my good friend
Speaker 2: Mangesh hot Ticket and sitting behind that desk. And it
Speaker 2: took me a while to realize what was going on.
Speaker 2: I mean, though it was pretty obvious. Dylan is sitting
Speaker 2: in an ice bath. I think he's just trying to
Speaker 2: recreate the situation. He's dedicated. That's our good friend, producer, Dylan.
Speaker 2: All right, Mago. So I am both very excited about
Speaker 2: this week's episode because I knew nothing about narwals before
Speaker 2: this week. But I'm also curious why are we doing
Speaker 2: an episode on narwals again? Because I don't know if
Speaker 2: there was something in the news or in the politics cycle.
Speaker 2: There's a lot happening in politics right now. I don't
Speaker 2: know if Narwals are involved, So what's going on here?
Speaker 1: Yeah? I guess narwalls are related to whales, and there
Speaker 1: was that strange RFK Junior story this week about his
Speaker 1: obsession with that whales head. But that is not the
Speaker 1: reason I chose Narwals. I wanted to do something on
Speaker 1: them because my family went to Provincetown this summer, which
Speaker 1: is gorgeous, and there was a museum there that had
Speaker 1: this enormous Narwal tusk displayed in it, and I was
Speaker 1: kind of enamored by it. The tussa really beautiful, like
Speaker 1: ten feet long and spiraled and really elegant, and you
Speaker 1: can't imagine them being attached to this like big doufacy cree.
Speaker 1: But it made me realize I know nothing about narwals
Speaker 1: like you, and I thought this would be a good opportunity.
Speaker 2: Do for see that that's a pretty that's pretty low.
Speaker 2: But I was definitely down to do this episode. So
Speaker 2: where do you want to start?
Speaker 1: Well, why don't we start with a little primer on
Speaker 1: these magnificent tuss and what they really are? So if
Speaker 1: you look back at old drawings of narwalals, like the
Speaker 1: ones that Vikings made, the initial drawings kind of look
Speaker 1: like a unicorn's head transplanted onto a whale's body. But
Speaker 1: over time sailors and then scientists realize that it isn't
Speaker 1: some magical horn, but in fact a tooth. It turns
Speaker 1: out the horn is actually a left canine tooth that
Speaker 1: grows enormously long and mostly shows up in male.
Speaker 2: Nor wallls, and it's just one tooth that grows like this.
Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean you sort of see this happening in
Speaker 1: other species, like fiddler crabs have that one claw that's
Speaker 1: giant and it almost looks like a bicep. I love
Speaker 1: when they're on the Jersey shore and they fist pumped. Yea,
Speaker 1: it's amazing, but I guess favoring one side over the
Speaker 1: other something that happens in nature. The other thing that's
Speaker 1: funny about it is that narwals are considered a tooth
Speaker 1: whale because of these tusks, but when you look inside
Speaker 1: their mouths, they actually don't have any teeth in there.
Speaker 1: It's almost like a newborn baby. And I'm going to
Speaker 1: show you this photo because I think it's so weird.
Speaker 1: It's kind of fuzzy and non threatening. And that's because
Speaker 1: nar wals just swallow their food, they don't chew it.
Speaker 2: I can't even tell what I'm looking at. Yeah, it
Speaker 2: looks like an animal in itself. But if they can't
Speaker 2: eat with this tooth, what do they do with it?
Speaker 1: Like?
Speaker 2: Is it a weapon to spear food? Or what's it for?
Speaker 1: The tusk has actually been perplexing scientists for centuries. Charles
Speaker 1: Darwin thought it might be some sort of sexual characteristic
Speaker 1: that attracted mates, kind of the way peacock's beautiful plumage
Speaker 1: draws pea hens to it.
Speaker 2: Actually, it's fun to think about Darwin analyzing narwals. I mean,
Speaker 2: he really saw such a range of species.
Speaker 1: Yeah, and it's amazing for such a shy and kind
Speaker 1: of elusive Arctic creature to be that well known. But
Speaker 1: also Darwin thought that maybe narwals use the tust to
Speaker 1: oust one another, kind of the way bighorn sheep headbutt
Speaker 1: for dominance.
Speaker 2: So do nar walls joust for mates?
Speaker 1: No, so the males do rub their tusts against each other,
Speaker 1: But apparently it's less about jousting and more about cleaning
Speaker 1: the tusts, which get various parasites and waighale lice on it.
Speaker 1: It's kind of a communal toothbrushing that they do.
Speaker 3: Yeah.
Speaker 2: So if these big twisted canine teeth aren't weapons and
Speaker 2: they can't chew food, why do Narwals have them?
Speaker 1: So, Harvard Marine Mammal Dental scientists, which currently is a
Speaker 1: thing you have recently discovered that these tusts are actually
Speaker 1: precise instruments for navigating the water. One scientist told Wired quote.
Speaker 1: It takes a tremendous amount of energy and devotion to
Speaker 1: get that thing to grow. To expend that much energy
Speaker 1: in such a harsh environment, there has to be a
Speaker 1: pretty compelling reason to do it, And it turns out
Speaker 1: it's all about measuring the water salinity. Apparently, the teeth
Speaker 1: are filled with a nerve rich pulp and this can
Speaker 1: tell them whether the water is higher or lower concentrations
Speaker 1: of salt, which to a Narwal means that either an
Speaker 1: iceberg is melting or more importantly, an iceberg is forming,
Speaker 1: so that the nar Wals don't get trapped under the ice.
Speaker 2: Yeah.
Speaker 1: Anyway, from what we understand right now, all this chemical
Speaker 1: sensitivity and the tusk allows them to move through the
Speaker 1: environment better.
Speaker 2: Okay, no, that's interesting, all right, Well, since we're talking
Speaker 2: about tusk, here's a quick fact that I saw. So
Speaker 2: one of the stranger things about Narwal tusk is that
Speaker 2: their tusk always spiral to the left, so counterclockwise. And
Speaker 2: even in cases where nar Wals do have two tusks,
Speaker 2: both teeth which protrude from the right and left sides
Speaker 2: of the jaw, they spiral left.
Speaker 1: That's so weird. I guess if someone tries to sell
Speaker 1: you a Narwal tooth that spiral is right, you know
Speaker 1: it's a fake.
Speaker 2: It's really the best way to tell. That's always the
Speaker 2: rule of thumb. And another interesting thing is that Narwals
Speaker 2: are slow swimmers. You can actually walk faster than a
Speaker 2: nar wall swims at three point eight miles per hour.
Speaker 2: One thing that's delightful about them is that they often
Speaker 2: swim on their backs because when they're feeding on the
Speaker 2: ocean floor, they don't want to damage their tusk, which
Speaker 2: makes sense. I've not really thought about that, So they
Speaker 2: swim upside down. And one last thing about the tust
Speaker 2: is that because they spend so much of their time
Speaker 2: under the cover of ice or deep in the ocean floor.
Speaker 2: Scientists haven't really been able to observe narwals eating, but
Speaker 2: through analyzing the tust you can actually get that data.
Speaker 2: So one scientist from McGill University put it quote, instead
Speaker 2: of doing forty years of work to get forty years
Speaker 2: of data in one year, you can get narwal tusk
Speaker 2: and go back fifty years of time.
Speaker 1: That's really interesting. So has it taught has anything surprising?
Speaker 2: Apparently Narwals used to eat more cod and haliban in
Speaker 2: their diet, but as the Arctic ice has been melting,
Speaker 2: they've changed their diets to eating more open ocean fish
Speaker 2: like capalin, which are related to smelt. But narwals need
Speaker 2: quite a bit of food to sustain themselves, so nearly
Speaker 2: sixty six pounds of fish a day, or as one
Speaker 2: blogger put it, the equivalent of two hundred and sixty
Speaker 2: four filao fish. Pretty yummy, right, But the worry is that,
Speaker 2: as Wired puts it, not all fish are created equal.
Speaker 2: Arctic species are more nutritious energy wise, and to survive
Speaker 2: the cold, fish need to pack on fat, which means
Speaker 2: more calories for the predators that feed on them like narwals,
Speaker 2: So Essentially, if the food they're eating is less nutritious
Speaker 2: and less fatty, it might affect not only their energy
Speaker 2: levels but also their migratory patterns.
Speaker 1: So obviously, nar walls have become immensely popular in pop culture.
Speaker 1: I feel like there are always these animals that surge
Speaker 1: in popularity for little periods. There was a period where
Speaker 1: everyone loved sloths, right when Kristen Bell was obsessed. Paris
Speaker 1: Hilton made kinkajus a thing for a.
Speaker 2: Bit, that's right. I think her pet was named was
Speaker 2: it Baby Love?
Speaker 1: Yeah? Yeah, and she kept it until it bit her.
Speaker 2: But it's a good time to decide.
Speaker 1: Maybe not to keep a wild animal. Yeah. And then
Speaker 1: of course you had like honey bat just went through
Speaker 1: an Internet phase where you know, everyone was worried that
Speaker 1: they didn't care much, and narwalls have sort of come
Speaker 1: into this period as well, and they've benefited from this
Speaker 1: Internet discovery. There are plushy narwalls for sale all over
Speaker 1: the Internet. There are narwal horn candies that exist. But
Speaker 1: one thing I was curious about was whether any colleges
Speaker 1: or universities had picked up on this excitement and turned
Speaker 1: the narwal into a mascot.
Speaker 2: That's a good question. So what did you find out?
Speaker 1: Yeah, apparently it's been hiding under my nose all the time.
Speaker 1: Right here in New York City at the New School.
Speaker 1: They've made Narls the Narwal.
Speaker 2: The mascots such a good name too.
Speaker 1: And actually, Lizzie did her MFA at the New School
Speaker 1: and I asked her, why didn't you tell me that
Speaker 1: nar Wals were the mascot? And she was like, I didn't.
Speaker 2: Think you'd care.
Speaker 1: Of course I care. Yeah, And they only created the
Speaker 1: mascot in twenty twelve.
Speaker 2: So why did they make the narwal the mascot instead
Speaker 2: of like a bulldog or a blue devil for instance?
Speaker 2: What made that decision?
Speaker 1: I mean, it is funny for a school that doesn't
Speaker 1: have a giant sports program to even want a mascot,
Speaker 1: But I guess that's where administrators saw this as an opportunity.
Speaker 1: The school thought having a mascot would be a good
Speaker 1: idea to draw the student population together, and so they
Speaker 1: did a survey of what should be the school mascot,
Speaker 1: and the Narwhal narrowly edged out a cigarette.
Speaker 2: Okay, glad it was a close one.
Speaker 1: Cigarette's a pretty funny mascot. Because it's so lit, as
Speaker 1: the kids said. But luckily the narwal one and it
Speaker 1: provided this unique opportunity to showcase that if you're a
Speaker 1: unique and lovable weirdo, this is the school for you.
Speaker 1: And they further refined that sales picture over the years.
Speaker 1: According to an article in the New School Free Press,
Speaker 1: this is in twenty twenty one, the university rebranded the
Speaker 1: marine mascot from wearing a basketball jersey and being pretty
Speaker 1: sporty to swapping it for a glasses wearing non binary
Speaker 1: student with a Pisces sun sign to better reflect the
Speaker 1: new school community. Now apparently, Narls is a dual major
Speaker 1: BABFA and Environmental Studies and Communication design, and also, as
Speaker 1: I mentioned before, is non binary and is possibly the
Speaker 1: first mascot to use they them pronouns. All of this
Speaker 1: puts them in like my top five mascots of all time,
Speaker 1: with the trash Pandas, the Banana Slugs, the Delaware Blue Hens,
Speaker 1: and of course the Philly fanatic. Yeah.
Speaker 2: I knew you're going to throw him in there, but
Speaker 2: that's that's pretty great. Well, as long as we're doing
Speaker 2: some of the sillier facts. As someone from Alabama, one
Speaker 2: of The first things I wanted to know about narwal's
Speaker 2: was how they taste, because they look like such fatty creatures,
Speaker 2: and of course I want to know can you barbecue them?
Speaker 1: I mean, I'm guessing a narwhal would be great for
Speaker 1: a tailgate.
Speaker 2: But when you learn, well, the first thing is that
Speaker 2: for people with our palette, you're probably more likely to
Speaker 2: enjoy than narwal skin, which tastes weirdly like hazel nuts,
Speaker 2: more than the meat.
Speaker 1: I mean, I'd be down for some narwal nutella right.
Speaker 2: Well, the meat is another story, of course. For the Inuit,
Speaker 2: narwal is a delicacy and it's really important, like the
Speaker 2: flesh is full of vitamins and particularly vital and see,
Speaker 2: so freezers are stocked with this stuff and it is
Speaker 2: super popular. Any it can freely hunt narwal because the
Speaker 2: population isn't at risk, though apparently it's tough work because
Speaker 2: you know, once you've harpooned a narwal, they're like one
Speaker 2: and a half tons and they sink fast, so you
Speaker 2: really have to lug them in quickly. But in terms
Speaker 2: of how the meat taste, you can either boil it
Speaker 2: and serve it with soy sauce or chew it raw,
Speaker 2: and according to a reporter from the Smithsonian who was
Speaker 2: excited to try it, taste a little bit like rubber
Speaker 2: and kind of like congealed gravy. So not the worst
Speaker 2: taste exactly, but not exactly appetizing either.
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's not a great sales pitch, right, So here's
Speaker 1: a super quick one. I know, we talked about narwals
Speaker 1: growing two tuss and I was curious how many of
Speaker 1: the narwals actually do this. Apparently it's more frequent than
Speaker 1: I was expecting. About one in five hundred male narwals
Speaker 1: will grow a pair of tuss. The other question that
Speaker 1: gets asked a lot is do female narwals grow tuss?
Speaker 1: And the answer to that is also yes, about fifteen
Speaker 1: percent of female narwals grow tuss, which just goes to
Speaker 1: show you there's a lot of variation in nature.
Speaker 2: All right, Well, since you wanted to talk about the
Speaker 2: tusk again, I don't know if you've noticed we keep
Speaker 2: coming back to the touch. Let's talk about how narwals
Speaker 2: are sometimes called the unicorn of the sea. So the
Speaker 2: Latin name for narwals, Monodon monicros, means one tooth, one horn.
Speaker 1: It sounds like a like a rallying cry, let's go
Speaker 1: to battle with one tooth.
Speaker 2: One tooth, one horn. You just kind of go. You
Speaker 2: don't question it, you just say it loud, and then
Speaker 2: you do whatever happens after that. But back in the
Speaker 2: Middle Ages, every land animal was believed to have a
Speaker 2: counterpart from the sea, and because people desperately wanted to
Speaker 2: believe in unicorns, especially the Scottish people, where the unicorn
Speaker 2: is still the national animal. As soon as this tust
Speaker 2: whale was discovered, it was used to bolster the case
Speaker 2: for unicorns. But it wasn't long before these tusts were
Speaker 2: passed off as genuine unicorn horns. The tusk, as we mentioned,
Speaker 2: are really beautiful in the way they're spiraled and long,
Speaker 2: so Vikings and other traders could pass them off as
Speaker 2: unicorn horns and sell them for ten times their weight
Speaker 2: in gold. Now, of course, for buyers, just having a
Speaker 2: unicorn horn and your cabinet of curiosities might be exciting,
Speaker 2: but there was also a myth that unicorn horns could
Speaker 2: neutralize poisons and cure depression several other things, so they
Speaker 2: were often turned into cups for royalty and carved into
Speaker 2: other supposedly magical items. In fact, one of the more
Speaker 2: expensive narwald tusk was the one that Queen Elizabeth received
Speaker 2: from an explorer of her court. The gift was bejeweled
Speaker 2: and carved, and at the time it was worth ten
Speaker 2: thousand pounds sterling, which, according to the site Majestic Whale Encounters,
Speaker 2: which was the equivalent cost of a modest castle at
Speaker 2: the time, or a little more than four million pounds today.
Speaker 1: Oh wow, I like the idea of trading a horn
Speaker 1: for a castle.
Speaker 2: It's pretty great. Yeah, it's just a modesele to me, exactly.
Speaker 1: Well, I know we've got to throw to break, but
Speaker 1: we'll be back with more.
Speaker 4: Facts in just a minute.
Speaker 2: Welcome back to Part time Genius. We're talking all things
Speaker 2: narwal All right, Mango, what factor are you gonna end
Speaker 2: with today?
Speaker 1: Well, one of the things you mentioned at the top
Speaker 1: was that Belugas and narwals are cousins. And there's actually
Speaker 1: an interesting story that scientists have been following since twenty
Speaker 1: sixteen when a pod of beluga whales adopted a stranded narwhal.
Speaker 2: So do narwals travel in pods? Too?
Speaker 1: Yeah, just like whales, they travel together. They travel in
Speaker 1: groups of fifteen to twenty, and it's to keep them
Speaker 1: safe from predators like killer whales, polar bears, and walruses.
Speaker 1: So narwals are used to traveling in groups. But apparently
Speaker 1: this adopted narwhal just turned twelve years old, which is
Speaker 1: exciting because it means we can help throw bar mitzva
Speaker 1: next year as long as it learns. You know, it's
Speaker 1: half torah a portion, But actually entering its teens means
Speaker 1: that the narwal goes from being a boy to man,
Speaker 1: and scientists are excited about this because they want to
Speaker 1: know whether the narwal will mate with some of these
Speaker 1: belugas to create what's called a nar luga.
Speaker 2: A nar luga. So are nar luga's actually a thing?
Speaker 1: Yeah, Apparently in the nineteen eighties, this Inuit hunter found
Speaker 1: this distinct skull and he couldn't quite tell what it was,
Speaker 1: so he gave it to a museum. Museums also couldn't
Speaker 1: figure it out. It wasn't until twenty eighteen that DNA
Speaker 1: testing showed that nar walls and belugas could actually mate
Speaker 1: and have offspring. Anyway, it's unclear whether a baby narluga
Speaker 1: will be sterile like a male lager or actually be
Speaker 1: fertile like a female lagger, which is obviously a mix
Speaker 1: of a line and a tiger. But for scientists it's
Speaker 1: super exciting to watch the flirting and play and mating
Speaker 1: rituals take place and to follow this Narwall in his journey.
Speaker 2: All right, well, if a nar Luga is born, I'm
Speaker 2: sure the internet will be all over it. And speaking
Speaker 2: of which, my last fact is about a rescue puppy
Speaker 2: that was originally abandoned in the dead of winter in
Speaker 2: Missouri and took the socials by storm. It was a
Speaker 2: puppy born with a tail on its forehead, and it
Speaker 2: was of course named Narwal.
Speaker 1: Oh. I remember Narwal. He was like a real Internet
Speaker 1: celebrity for a minute. I remember, like Zach Braf was
Speaker 1: tweeting about him. But how is Narwhal doing?
Speaker 2: Apparently doing just fine. Like when he was put up
Speaker 2: for adoption, three hundred thousand applications came in to adopt him,
Speaker 2: but he was also at risk. You know, some people
Speaker 2: saw him as an abomination and came to the shelter
Speaker 2: demanding that he be euthanized, which is of course just awful.
Speaker 2: It's strange that people would feel that way. But after
Speaker 2: protecting him vigilantly for a few months. The mom who
Speaker 2: fostered him ultimately decided to keep him, and today he's
Speaker 2: a rescue spokesdog for the shelter that took him in,
Speaker 2: and everyone talks about his wonderful attitude. But the thing
Speaker 2: I wanted to know about Narwal is how does a
Speaker 2: mutation like that actually happen? Like how does a dog
Speaker 2: end up growing a tail on its head?
Speaker 1: I mean, the first thing I want to know is
Speaker 1: can Narwal wag his second tail?
Speaker 2: Well, yeah, that was my first question too, but unfortunately no,
Speaker 2: he can't. But my second question was how he got
Speaker 2: that little nub on his forehead And the answer is
Speaker 2: that the vets don't really know. They think it was
Speaker 2: some sort of rare genetic mutation that caused it, or
Speaker 2: more likely, Narwal absorbed a twin from the womb and
Speaker 2: that's what actually caused it. But everyone, in all the
Speaker 2: interviews with Narwal's owners is clear about two things. One
Speaker 2: he's doing great and two they have no intention of
Speaker 2: removing his spare magical tail.
Speaker 1: Well, I am glad to know Narwal is doing so
Speaker 1: well and that Narwals generally are doing pretty well. So
Speaker 1: what do you want to do about today's trophy?
Speaker 2: You know, I was thinking about this. I think I'm
Speaker 2: gonna have to give this one to you. I mean
Speaker 2: your narwal facts were pretty good, but that one about
Speaker 2: the New School how they almost made a cigarette its mascot,
Speaker 2: I mean that made my day.
Speaker 1: You imagine seeing that on like a basketball court, sick
Speaker 1: around on the side, cheering you on. Well, thank you
Speaker 1: for that. I do want to let everyone know you
Speaker 1: and I are trying to give the audience more part
Speaker 1: Time Geniuses.
Speaker 2: That means more.
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Speaker 1: of it really helps us out. And that's it for
Speaker 1: this week's episode from Will, Dylan, Mary, and myself. Thank
Speaker 1: you so much for listening. Part Time Genius is a
Speaker 1: production of Kaleidoscope and iHeartRadio. This show is hosted by
Speaker 1: Will Pearson and me Mongagetikler and research by our good
Speaker 1: pal Mary Philip Sandy. Today's episode was engineered and produced
Speaker 1: by Wonderful Dylan Fagan with support from Tyler Klang The
Speaker 1: show is executive produced for iHeart by Katrina Norvel and
Speaker 1: Ali Perry, with social media support from Sasha Gay trustee
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