1 00:00:05,519 --> 00:00:07,960 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Stephan Mix, the podcast that brings 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:11,119 Speaker 1: the global economy to you, and there's no way around it. 3 00:00:11,520 --> 00:00:14,800 Speaker 1: We have an exercise in contrast on the program this 4 00:00:14,840 --> 00:00:18,200 Speaker 1: week in a few minutes, a hopeful report from Indonesia 5 00:00:18,560 --> 00:00:22,119 Speaker 1: on the new breed of work anywhere digital nomads and 6 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:26,120 Speaker 1: how governments are redesigning their visa policies to attract them. 7 00:00:26,120 --> 00:00:28,680 Speaker 1: But before that, we have to talk about the dramatic 8 00:00:28,720 --> 00:00:31,800 Speaker 1: reduction and female reproductive rights that occurred in the US 9 00:00:32,040 --> 00:00:35,800 Speaker 1: last week when the Supreme Court overturned Row versus Wade. 10 00:00:36,200 --> 00:00:39,959 Speaker 1: The respected Oxford political economist Nyrie Woods has a troubling 11 00:00:40,080 --> 00:00:43,440 Speaker 1: global take on that decision. I have a fascinating conversation 12 00:00:43,479 --> 00:00:46,520 Speaker 1: with her in a few minutes. But first, here's Bloomberg 13 00:00:46,560 --> 00:01:01,800 Speaker 1: u S economy reporter Katia Dmitrieva. Do you have the 14 00:01:01,840 --> 00:01:04,360 Speaker 1: money to be a single mom? Like? What would you 15 00:01:04,560 --> 00:01:08,039 Speaker 1: what would you do? You have? Three thousands? Say exactly, 16 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:11,200 Speaker 1: But I don't have the time to find at work, 17 00:01:11,800 --> 00:01:14,840 Speaker 1: Like where's the money going to come from? I'm just 18 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:16,720 Speaker 1: gonna take care of the baby. Don't I have to 19 00:01:16,720 --> 00:01:20,280 Speaker 1: go to work there right now? Like every month, I 20 00:01:20,360 --> 00:01:22,800 Speaker 1: just say, let's say three hundred to five. I have 21 00:01:22,880 --> 00:01:25,959 Speaker 1: to pay a babysitter, now, food, diapersonal that I'm not 22 00:01:25,959 --> 00:01:28,720 Speaker 1: gonna have money. I'm just gonna be working to pay 23 00:01:28,800 --> 00:01:31,240 Speaker 1: rent and to have a baby. So it's like, no, 24 00:01:31,520 --> 00:01:39,920 Speaker 1: what's the life out of that? That was Jane, a 25 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:45,319 Speaker 1: student from Honduras who now lives in Texas. She's describing 26 00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:48,520 Speaker 1: what went through her head earlier this year after discovering 27 00:01:48,640 --> 00:01:53,280 Speaker 1: she was unexpectedly pregnant, but without the financial resources or 28 00:01:53,320 --> 00:01:57,640 Speaker 1: support to afford a child, and unwilling to take the 29 00:01:57,720 --> 00:02:02,760 Speaker 1: health risk. Jane, who's not using her real name for 30 00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:07,240 Speaker 1: fear of legal action or deportation, I knew that she 31 00:02:07,360 --> 00:02:11,800 Speaker 1: wanted an abortion, but getting one in a state that 32 00:02:11,840 --> 00:02:16,360 Speaker 1: passed tough restrictions just last fall was a different story. 33 00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:20,040 Speaker 1: She would end up breaking the law to get care. 34 00:02:20,840 --> 00:02:24,239 Speaker 1: Her only other option was to carry an unwanted pregnancy 35 00:02:24,280 --> 00:02:31,000 Speaker 1: to term. Jane's experience could now become a reality for 36 00:02:31,240 --> 00:02:35,600 Speaker 1: millions of people across the US. After the Supreme Court 37 00:02:35,800 --> 00:02:43,680 Speaker 1: struck down Roe v. Wade, thirty three million people won't 38 00:02:43,720 --> 00:02:49,000 Speaker 1: have access or affordable access to care. Women who have 39 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:53,760 Speaker 1: found greater equality in society and a greater foothold in 40 00:02:53,800 --> 00:03:09,440 Speaker 1: the economy may lose that. David Slusky, Associate professor of 41 00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:15,600 Speaker 1: economics at the University of Kansas, says the consequences are profound. 42 00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:22,120 Speaker 1: Loss of access to abortion, um and reproductive healthcare substantially 43 00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:27,080 Speaker 1: worsens the household financial outcomes and preventive care rates, and 44 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:32,520 Speaker 1: educational attainment and income and professional advancement. Results in more 45 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:36,520 Speaker 1: children to single mothers and to poor families and families 46 00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:39,120 Speaker 1: with the least resources to take care of these children. 47 00:03:40,360 --> 00:03:44,800 Speaker 1: It's tough to highlight immediate economic cause and effect, partly 48 00:03:44,880 --> 00:03:51,760 Speaker 1: because they take place across years, decades, and generations. Professor 49 00:03:51,760 --> 00:03:56,040 Speaker 1: Sluski was one of the one fifty four economists who 50 00:03:56,080 --> 00:03:59,040 Speaker 1: sent a brief to the Supreme Court in support of 51 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:05,560 Speaker 1: upholding abortion access. They argued that three decades of research 52 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:10,120 Speaker 1: has shown that it positively impacts a woman's lifelong finances, 53 00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:17,080 Speaker 1: wage potential, education, family wealth, and even things like credit scores. 54 00:04:17,920 --> 00:04:21,520 Speaker 1: Those who benefit most are young women and women of color, 55 00:04:21,920 --> 00:04:25,760 Speaker 1: like Jane. I spoke with her in her apartment near 56 00:04:25,839 --> 00:04:29,719 Speaker 1: Dallas in May. She's been in the US for about 57 00:04:29,720 --> 00:04:34,039 Speaker 1: seven years but is not legally able to work to 58 00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:38,719 Speaker 1: afford groceries rent and tuition. She works under the table 59 00:04:38,839 --> 00:04:44,520 Speaker 1: at a residential construction company, answering the phones up until April. 60 00:04:44,920 --> 00:04:47,960 Speaker 1: She also had a second job cleaning office buildings at night, 61 00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:54,440 Speaker 1: but lost it after severe morning sickness. Neither job provides 62 00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:58,920 Speaker 1: paid time off or health benefits. Well, I that week 63 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:02,479 Speaker 1: that I was feeling really sick, they asked me like, no, 64 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:05,640 Speaker 1: we don't have someone to substitute you. And I had 65 00:05:05,680 --> 00:05:08,680 Speaker 1: to go work like that, having nauseous and just feeling 66 00:05:08,720 --> 00:05:11,839 Speaker 1: like headaches, and they were like, no, you don't have 67 00:05:11,880 --> 00:05:13,760 Speaker 1: a substitute, so you have to go to work. I 68 00:05:13,839 --> 00:05:16,320 Speaker 1: just felt really bad, like I'm telling you, I'm sick. 69 00:05:18,640 --> 00:05:22,960 Speaker 1: The law in Texas prohibits abortions after roughly six weeks, 70 00:05:23,839 --> 00:05:26,960 Speaker 1: and for Jane, the few remaining clinics in the state 71 00:05:27,520 --> 00:05:31,039 Speaker 1: were so booked up that she probably would not have 72 00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:34,760 Speaker 1: been able to secure an appointment in time. I'm like, 73 00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:37,279 Speaker 1: oh my gosh, because I cannot take time off from 74 00:05:37,279 --> 00:05:39,240 Speaker 1: my job. I already missed a week. I don't have 75 00:05:39,320 --> 00:05:41,840 Speaker 1: seek weaker, so I was just like, oh my gosh, 76 00:05:41,839 --> 00:05:44,400 Speaker 1: I cannot. I cannot waste one work one more week. 77 00:05:45,600 --> 00:05:49,240 Speaker 1: So it's already seven and a half. Yeah, so it's 78 00:05:49,279 --> 00:05:52,880 Speaker 1: like I can't go to another place, like I need 79 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:54,600 Speaker 1: to have them up home. If I go to Plan 80 00:05:54,680 --> 00:05:57,520 Speaker 1: Parer or whatever, they're gonna say like you're ready more 81 00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:03,080 Speaker 1: than six weeks. So Jane ended up taking pills her 82 00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:07,800 Speaker 1: friend sent her in the mail illegal in Texas to 83 00:06:07,920 --> 00:06:13,159 Speaker 1: induce an abortion after seven weeks. One side effect of 84 00:06:13,240 --> 00:06:18,360 Speaker 1: overturning row is that abortions are getting more expensive. That's 85 00:06:18,400 --> 00:06:21,520 Speaker 1: something Reverend Daniel Kantner of the First Unitarian Church of 86 00:06:21,600 --> 00:06:25,279 Speaker 1: Dallas hopes to help with. He's been working with other 87 00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:29,279 Speaker 1: groups to fly women from Texas to Albuquerque, New Mexico, 88 00:06:29,480 --> 00:06:33,440 Speaker 1: to get abortions after the six week mark, free of charge. 89 00:06:35,160 --> 00:06:38,800 Speaker 1: Some of the women already have children and can afford 90 00:06:38,960 --> 00:06:43,640 Speaker 1: or don't want more. Many have jobs, all of them 91 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:47,560 Speaker 1: are below the poverty line. I spoke with him last 92 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:50,359 Speaker 1: month at a rally in Dallas when the Supreme Court's 93 00:06:50,440 --> 00:06:54,880 Speaker 1: road decision was leaked and protests erupted across the country. 94 00:06:55,920 --> 00:06:59,520 Speaker 1: And these are the poorest people in in our communities. 95 00:06:59,720 --> 00:07:02,040 Speaker 1: This why when I say about this issue is it's 96 00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:05,479 Speaker 1: a war on the poor. It's black and brown women 97 00:07:05,520 --> 00:07:09,760 Speaker 1: and they're all poor, and they're all you know they 98 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:12,640 Speaker 1: have no way to get themselves to the support, So 99 00:07:12,760 --> 00:07:23,920 Speaker 1: that's why we're in this now. Understandably, the Supreme Court's 100 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:26,480 Speaker 1: ruling has triggered a lot of debate and soul searching 101 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:28,480 Speaker 1: in the US and around the world, and as Katie 102 00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:31,720 Speaker 1: has suggested there, the implications for American women and for 103 00:07:31,760 --> 00:07:35,920 Speaker 1: the US economy are likely to be profound and quickly felt. 104 00:07:36,520 --> 00:07:38,800 Speaker 1: But we take a global view on Stephanomics, and when 105 00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:41,080 Speaker 1: you do that, you can see that the US is 106 00:07:41,120 --> 00:07:44,400 Speaker 1: not the only place where female freedoms are under attack. 107 00:07:44,800 --> 00:07:47,200 Speaker 1: Narie Woods is the Dean of the Blavatnic School of 108 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:50,920 Speaker 1: Government and Professor of Global Economic Governance at the University 109 00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:53,920 Speaker 1: of Oxford, and she has made this point very forcefully 110 00:07:54,040 --> 00:07:57,680 Speaker 1: in a piece for the Project Syndicate website. I'm delighted 111 00:07:57,680 --> 00:08:00,360 Speaker 1: to say that Nara is here with me now. Thank 112 00:08:00,400 --> 00:08:04,120 Speaker 1: you very much for doing this for for Stephanomics. Snarry, 113 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:07,240 Speaker 1: It's always lovely to talk to you. In your piece, 114 00:08:07,280 --> 00:08:11,520 Speaker 1: you talk about an increasingly wide ranging attack on women's liberty. 115 00:08:11,680 --> 00:08:15,920 Speaker 1: What kind of attacks are you thinking of? So? Yeah, 116 00:08:15,960 --> 00:08:18,960 Speaker 1: I mean, which is important because the Supreme Court are 117 00:08:18,960 --> 00:08:21,360 Speaker 1: balancing on the one side what they describe as the 118 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:23,280 Speaker 1: autonomy of women, and on the other the rights of 119 00:08:23,280 --> 00:08:26,280 Speaker 1: the unborn child, and and I think people aren't looking 120 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:29,640 Speaker 1: at what's happening to the autonomy of women. So I 121 00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:32,960 Speaker 1: in my article looked at two things, and one is 122 00:08:33,840 --> 00:08:38,640 Speaker 1: what's happening to the upholding of the right of women 123 00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:43,000 Speaker 1: not to be attacked and raped. That's a pretty basic 124 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:47,160 Speaker 1: formal autonomy. And yet what we're seeing, even in the 125 00:08:47,280 --> 00:08:49,679 Speaker 1: United States and in the United Kingdom, which are two 126 00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:53,520 Speaker 1: countries which consider themselves to have a robust rule of law, 127 00:08:54,320 --> 00:08:59,360 Speaker 1: what we're seeing is ever increasing numbers of rapes being 128 00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:05,920 Speaker 1: recorded and reported to the police and declining numbers of 129 00:09:06,679 --> 00:09:10,480 Speaker 1: rapes being prosecuted. And and in Britain it's quite a 130 00:09:10,480 --> 00:09:13,480 Speaker 1: lot to do with with the cuts and funding to 131 00:09:13,520 --> 00:09:17,319 Speaker 1: the Crown Prosecution Service, cuts and funding to the court system. 132 00:09:17,360 --> 00:09:19,920 Speaker 1: So you know, there's a number of cases where the 133 00:09:19,960 --> 00:09:22,440 Speaker 1: police work really hard to put the file together, but 134 00:09:22,679 --> 00:09:26,439 Speaker 1: the case just doesn't get prosecuted, and when it does, it's, 135 00:09:27,320 --> 00:09:32,040 Speaker 1: you know, two or three years after the rape occurs, 136 00:09:32,120 --> 00:09:36,520 Speaker 1: the alleged rape occurs. So so my point was, you know, 137 00:09:36,559 --> 00:09:39,120 Speaker 1: it really struck me when I saw a young protester 138 00:09:39,240 --> 00:09:41,760 Speaker 1: saying you know, if I don't know, if I don't 139 00:09:41,760 --> 00:09:45,160 Speaker 1: want a baby, I shouldn't have sex. Um. And I thought, well, 140 00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:47,960 Speaker 1: do all women in the world actually have that choice? 141 00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:51,360 Speaker 1: When we look at global statistics on how many women 142 00:09:51,840 --> 00:09:55,400 Speaker 1: suffer rate and sexual abuse, whether in the home or 143 00:09:55,440 --> 00:10:00,120 Speaker 1: in the streets. Um, it's frightening. Um. And then you say, well, 144 00:10:00,160 --> 00:10:03,760 Speaker 1: women are not actually having that choice. And when you say, well, 145 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:06,719 Speaker 1: whose job is it to uphold that autonomy? It's the 146 00:10:06,800 --> 00:10:09,800 Speaker 1: job of all of society. But in societies where there's 147 00:10:09,840 --> 00:10:11,920 Speaker 1: rule of law, you would expect it to be the 148 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:15,680 Speaker 1: government's job to ensure that the police, the court system, 149 00:10:15,880 --> 00:10:19,319 Speaker 1: a criminal justice system, and the prosecution system are all 150 00:10:19,360 --> 00:10:23,760 Speaker 1: working effectively to protect the autonomy of women. And as 151 00:10:23,800 --> 00:10:28,080 Speaker 1: you suggest, it's not just about what laws are there, 152 00:10:28,160 --> 00:10:33,280 Speaker 1: because it's even we're not seeing laws enforced with the 153 00:10:33,360 --> 00:10:36,520 Speaker 1: kind of resources needed to try those rape cases, as 154 00:10:36,559 --> 00:10:40,680 Speaker 1: you suggested, But there are also changes in legislation that 155 00:10:40,720 --> 00:10:43,679 Speaker 1: are going against women. And I noticed, you know, we're 156 00:10:43,679 --> 00:10:45,840 Speaker 1: not just talking We're not talking about developing countries here. 157 00:10:45,880 --> 00:10:49,040 Speaker 1: I mean there's European as members of the European Union 158 00:10:49,520 --> 00:10:52,320 Speaker 1: that have been banning abortion. I think, particularly in Central 159 00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:54,199 Speaker 1: and Eastern Europe is that that is also a bit 160 00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:57,560 Speaker 1: of a trend. Yeah in Poland. You know, go further 161 00:10:57,679 --> 00:11:01,680 Speaker 1: north to Russia, and you know the world was aghast 162 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:07,400 Speaker 1: that Russia decriminalized domestic violence or categories of domestic violence 163 00:11:08,160 --> 00:11:11,199 Speaker 1: a few years ago. But the people who were aghast 164 00:11:11,240 --> 00:11:14,720 Speaker 1: at Russia decriminalizing it, I think, failed to look at 165 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:17,800 Speaker 1: their own countries and the fact that although it might 166 00:11:17,840 --> 00:11:21,160 Speaker 1: be on the statute books that it's illegal, it's not 167 00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:25,640 Speaker 1: being prosecuted, and other efforts aren't being made. And what 168 00:11:25,679 --> 00:11:28,160 Speaker 1: we do know and that the positive side of the 169 00:11:28,240 --> 00:11:32,040 Speaker 1: story is that actually violence against women, both rape and 170 00:11:32,080 --> 00:11:36,480 Speaker 1: domestic violence, they really are preventable things that the World 171 00:11:36,480 --> 00:11:41,640 Speaker 1: Health Organization and the United Nations have very very clear 172 00:11:41,720 --> 00:11:47,120 Speaker 1: lessons and guidelines about how any government and country and 173 00:11:47,200 --> 00:11:51,000 Speaker 1: society that wants to can really set about preventing violence 174 00:11:51,040 --> 00:11:54,600 Speaker 1: against women. And you know that the sadness for me 175 00:11:54,840 --> 00:11:58,119 Speaker 1: is that the Supreme Court, instead of looking in that direction, 176 00:11:58,240 --> 00:12:00,920 Speaker 1: looking forwards and saying, let's up hold the rights of 177 00:12:00,920 --> 00:12:03,800 Speaker 1: the unborn child and the rights of women and the 178 00:12:03,840 --> 00:12:07,600 Speaker 1: liberty of women, instead look backwards and say, well, what 179 00:12:07,800 --> 00:12:13,280 Speaker 1: is liberty? Until you know, the late twentieth century, Um, 180 00:12:13,320 --> 00:12:15,520 Speaker 1: there was no right to abortion, so why should there 181 00:12:15,559 --> 00:12:18,520 Speaker 1: be one now? And if they seem to overlook the 182 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:21,760 Speaker 1: fact quite deliberately that in that version of liberty until 183 00:12:23,120 --> 00:12:24,959 Speaker 1: there was no right for women to vote, there was 184 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:27,560 Speaker 1: no right for women to divorce, there was no right 185 00:12:27,600 --> 00:12:31,160 Speaker 1: in some countries for women to have property. There was 186 00:12:31,200 --> 00:12:33,320 Speaker 1: no right not to be raped if they were married 187 00:12:33,360 --> 00:12:37,840 Speaker 1: to the rapist. So so looking backwards to define liberty 188 00:12:38,360 --> 00:12:41,520 Speaker 1: takes us back to defining liberty as a concept, which 189 00:12:42,200 --> 00:12:44,880 Speaker 1: you know, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was liberty 190 00:12:44,920 --> 00:12:47,760 Speaker 1: for white men. And I think that's very worrying in 191 00:12:47,800 --> 00:12:51,520 Speaker 1: the Supreme Court judgment decision. And I want to say 192 00:12:51,559 --> 00:12:53,800 Speaker 1: we'll have a little bit on the economic implications in 193 00:12:53,800 --> 00:12:57,560 Speaker 1: a minute, but just thinking about what's driving this, I mean, 194 00:12:57,559 --> 00:13:02,120 Speaker 1: there's obviously been particular governments that have come to power 195 00:13:02,840 --> 00:13:06,679 Speaker 1: in Central and Eastern Europe and elsewhere. There's certainly political 196 00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:10,360 Speaker 1: moves in Russia have taken taken us in that direction. 197 00:13:10,400 --> 00:13:15,120 Speaker 1: But did COVID also make somehow there's a more better 198 00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:20,120 Speaker 1: environment for for for infringing on women's rights or not 199 00:13:20,120 --> 00:13:25,200 Speaker 1: not protecting women's freedoms enough, I think COVID. You know, 200 00:13:25,880 --> 00:13:28,559 Speaker 1: the UN and the World Health Organization both tell us 201 00:13:28,640 --> 00:13:33,760 Speaker 1: that COVID hugely increased the problem. That in all countries 202 00:13:33,800 --> 00:13:36,480 Speaker 1: in which you had lockdowns, you saw more women being 203 00:13:36,520 --> 00:13:41,200 Speaker 1: attacked in their homes, more domestic violence, are more abuse, 204 00:13:41,960 --> 00:13:45,120 Speaker 1: and at the same time less access to help, less 205 00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:50,120 Speaker 1: access to justice, less access to support organizations. So the 206 00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:53,640 Speaker 1: effect of COVID is to have increased the problem. The 207 00:13:53,640 --> 00:13:59,560 Speaker 1: the the deeper question you're asking is did COVID reduce 208 00:13:59,640 --> 00:14:04,040 Speaker 1: the city to solve this? Did COVID unleash a greater 209 00:14:04,120 --> 00:14:09,720 Speaker 1: instinct towards authoritarianism and populism in populations? Um? You know, 210 00:14:09,760 --> 00:14:12,400 Speaker 1: we've we've here at the Blevanney School, we've done an 211 00:14:12,440 --> 00:14:15,240 Speaker 1: Oxford Government Response tracker. And one of the correlations that's 212 00:14:15,320 --> 00:14:19,080 Speaker 1: clear is that countries that had stringent lockdowns for a 213 00:14:19,080 --> 00:14:24,480 Speaker 1: long time have had the strongest political backlash against governments. UM. 214 00:14:24,560 --> 00:14:28,520 Speaker 1: And that can make it difficult. It also makes it 215 00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:33,600 Speaker 1: more tempting when there's a backlash against government for um, 216 00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:37,440 Speaker 1: what some people would call populists, but for people with exclusive, 217 00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:41,560 Speaker 1: narrow extremist messages to kind of dog whistle to certain 218 00:14:41,600 --> 00:14:44,880 Speaker 1: parts of the population, to play to fear and anxiety 219 00:14:45,320 --> 00:14:47,560 Speaker 1: to use, you know, the crack cocaine of a kind 220 00:14:47,560 --> 00:14:52,960 Speaker 1: of that narrow exclusive nationalism or or culture wars to 221 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:57,840 Speaker 1: elicit political support. And just to follow over thought, I mean, 222 00:14:58,480 --> 00:15:02,320 Speaker 1: the other be thing that has clearly helped to normalize 223 00:15:02,320 --> 00:15:06,040 Speaker 1: some of those more extreme physicians and bring it more 224 00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:11,440 Speaker 1: into the public domain as social media. We see that 225 00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:17,479 Speaker 1: very clearly affecting also women's involvement in politics itself absolutely, 226 00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:22,080 Speaker 1: and the frightening thing there is how international and universal 227 00:15:22,160 --> 00:15:24,640 Speaker 1: that is. You know, in my article, I sight the 228 00:15:24,680 --> 00:15:29,800 Speaker 1: evidence from Japan, from Sweden, from Canada, from the United Kingdom, 229 00:15:29,840 --> 00:15:33,960 Speaker 1: in all countries, the social media attacks that women are 230 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,080 Speaker 1: suffering are quite specific. It's not that women get more 231 00:15:37,120 --> 00:15:40,160 Speaker 1: online harassment than men. It's that they get a very 232 00:15:40,200 --> 00:15:44,560 Speaker 1: different kind of online harassment if they're politicians that politics. 233 00:15:44,600 --> 00:15:48,960 Speaker 1: Male politicians get harassment for their for their policy platforms. 234 00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:55,400 Speaker 1: Women politicians get a kind of sexualized, threatening, physical, very 235 00:15:55,480 --> 00:16:00,720 Speaker 1: very personal abuse which makes their jobs terrifying in the instances. 236 00:16:02,880 --> 00:16:04,640 Speaker 1: And just to take things back, I mean, we tend 237 00:16:04,640 --> 00:16:06,800 Speaker 1: to focus more on the economics in this program, but 238 00:16:06,840 --> 00:16:09,520 Speaker 1: I think it's been it's it's valuable to tease out 239 00:16:09,800 --> 00:16:11,600 Speaker 1: all of these other elements. But you know, we have 240 00:16:11,720 --> 00:16:15,040 Speaker 1: heard a lot this week in the US about the 241 00:16:15,120 --> 00:16:18,160 Speaker 1: likely rise in maternal death there and the number of 242 00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:22,479 Speaker 1: children living in poverty as a result of making abortion 243 00:16:22,960 --> 00:16:25,640 Speaker 1: illegal or so much harder to get. And you know, 244 00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:29,120 Speaker 1: clearly there's a lot of economic fallout for an economy 245 00:16:29,160 --> 00:16:32,040 Speaker 1: if women have more children than they're ready for. Do 246 00:16:32,120 --> 00:16:36,120 Speaker 1: we have any evidence of the economic impact. I guess 247 00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:38,880 Speaker 1: it's much just much less tangible. But if women are 248 00:16:38,960 --> 00:16:42,400 Speaker 1: less vocal in public debates, if they're discouraged from politics, 249 00:16:42,480 --> 00:16:45,720 Speaker 1: if there's a sort of chilling effect on that, on there, 250 00:16:45,720 --> 00:16:49,920 Speaker 1: on those kind of discussions. On your first point, we 251 00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:53,520 Speaker 1: have very clear evidence that abortions in the United States 252 00:16:53,600 --> 00:16:57,560 Speaker 1: are more and more the resort of very poor women. 253 00:16:58,400 --> 00:17:02,960 Speaker 1: And we have very clear evidence from decades of development 254 00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:08,320 Speaker 1: economics that the more children a woman has are, the 255 00:17:08,440 --> 00:17:12,880 Speaker 1: less likely the prospects of those children. The less educated 256 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:15,320 Speaker 1: a woman is, the less value she has as a 257 00:17:15,359 --> 00:17:17,840 Speaker 1: person in her own right other than as a mother, 258 00:17:18,320 --> 00:17:20,600 Speaker 1: the more likely she is to have a very large 259 00:17:20,680 --> 00:17:23,639 Speaker 1: number of children, not just as a choice, but also 260 00:17:23,720 --> 00:17:26,320 Speaker 1: as a as a as a circumstance. And if we 261 00:17:26,359 --> 00:17:28,600 Speaker 1: put all that together we see that if we want 262 00:17:28,640 --> 00:17:33,919 Speaker 1: a flourishing society with well educated, well nourished children UM, 263 00:17:34,680 --> 00:17:39,320 Speaker 1: and a society of people that can and will take 264 00:17:39,400 --> 00:17:44,320 Speaker 1: up jobs for which they need to be educated, we've 265 00:17:44,359 --> 00:17:46,560 Speaker 1: got to be looking at the rights of the born child, 266 00:17:47,160 --> 00:17:50,280 Speaker 1: not just the rights of the unborn child. And this 267 00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:56,040 Speaker 1: exclusive focus on the rights of the unborn child UM 268 00:17:56,520 --> 00:17:59,840 Speaker 1: does a terrible thing to society. It says, where interest 269 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:02,520 Speaker 1: than you until you're born. But the day you're born, 270 00:18:03,200 --> 00:18:06,960 Speaker 1: you can live in complete poverty and have very little 271 00:18:07,040 --> 00:18:11,399 Speaker 1: chance of being educated or having opportunities in life because 272 00:18:11,400 --> 00:18:16,359 Speaker 1: our duties only extended to your moment of birth. Marry words, 273 00:18:16,400 --> 00:18:27,840 Speaker 1: thank you so much. So here's the handbrake turn, because 274 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:31,119 Speaker 1: we're heading to Bali, where the government's changing its visa 275 00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:35,280 Speaker 1: policies to attract not just spiritual types looking to find themselves, 276 00:18:35,720 --> 00:18:39,800 Speaker 1: but digital nomads looking for son and good WiFi. Further 277 00:18:39,880 --> 00:18:42,960 Speaker 1: evidence of the way that the COVID pandemic has changed 278 00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:45,280 Speaker 1: the world of work, at least for the lucky few 279 00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:48,640 Speaker 1: who can work from any home they want. Here's Indonesia 280 00:18:48,680 --> 00:19:00,439 Speaker 1: Economy reporter Claire Yow. For the last two years, COVID 281 00:19:00,520 --> 00:19:03,359 Speaker 1: has redefined or working life. We got used to the 282 00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:05,960 Speaker 1: convenience of rolling out of bed and into a meeting 283 00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:09,080 Speaker 1: and the ease of spending the entire day in pajamas. 284 00:19:09,720 --> 00:19:12,680 Speaker 1: As we emerge from the pandemic, that's opened a debate 285 00:19:12,800 --> 00:19:15,800 Speaker 1: on what exactly the new world of work should look like. 286 00:19:16,760 --> 00:19:19,760 Speaker 1: On one side, there are business leaders like Testlas Elon 287 00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:23,399 Speaker 1: Musk urging everyone to spend at least forty hours a 288 00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:27,080 Speaker 1: week in the office or else. In leaked emails sat 289 00:19:27,160 --> 00:19:30,280 Speaker 1: to Teslas executive staff, Elon Musk told them, for the 290 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:33,240 Speaker 1: most parts quotes, if you don't show up, we will 291 00:19:33,280 --> 00:19:37,760 Speaker 1: assume you have resigned. On the other there's Brian Chesky, 292 00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:42,120 Speaker 1: CEO of Airbnb, who announced that all their employees can 293 00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:46,199 Speaker 1: live and work anywhere in the world indefinitely. Flexibility is 294 00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:50,119 Speaker 1: the future. After compensation, Flexibly will be the most important 295 00:19:50,119 --> 00:19:53,679 Speaker 1: benefit employers can offer. The best people aren't just in 296 00:19:53,720 --> 00:19:55,399 Speaker 1: Silk and Valley either, not just in New York. The 297 00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:58,600 Speaker 1: best people are now everywhere in Any company that limits 298 00:19:58,600 --> 00:20:00,720 Speaker 1: their talent pole to a commut eating radius around the 299 00:20:00,800 --> 00:20:04,480 Speaker 1: office will be at a disadvantage. And then there's the 300 00:20:04,480 --> 00:20:09,000 Speaker 1: middle ground, living and working somewhere on an extended working vacation. 301 00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:13,840 Speaker 1: It's longer than your usual holiday, but shorter than permanent residents. 302 00:20:14,960 --> 00:20:23,320 Speaker 1: It's called business leisure travel. One of the joys of 303 00:20:23,359 --> 00:20:27,480 Speaker 1: Bangkok for me is the amazing cooking just about everywhere here. 304 00:20:27,520 --> 00:20:29,720 Speaker 1: I am along a street side getting some tad tie 305 00:20:30,040 --> 00:20:33,800 Speaker 1: before I bring it on home. Meet David Abraham. He's 306 00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:37,200 Speaker 1: the co founder of Outpost, a co living and coworking 307 00:20:37,200 --> 00:20:40,840 Speaker 1: community in Southeast Asia. Think of it as we work 308 00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:44,879 Speaker 1: for travelers. He runs this business on the goal this 309 00:20:45,000 --> 00:20:49,359 Speaker 1: week out of Bangkok, next week in Bali. Like many 310 00:20:49,440 --> 00:20:51,520 Speaker 1: of us, though, he used to be tied to an 311 00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:54,800 Speaker 1: office desk, working in the likes of Lehman Brothers and 312 00:20:54,840 --> 00:20:57,919 Speaker 1: the White House. It wasn't until a trip to Asia 313 00:20:57,960 --> 00:21:01,639 Speaker 1: in twenty twelve that he changed his mind. Thursday afternoon, 314 00:21:01,680 --> 00:21:04,360 Speaker 1: and I was in a Starbucks in Tokyo, and I 315 00:21:04,400 --> 00:21:06,560 Speaker 1: was doing work as I usually did, and I raised 316 00:21:06,560 --> 00:21:08,879 Speaker 1: my head and looked around and saw a number of 317 00:21:08,880 --> 00:21:11,919 Speaker 1: other people working and wondered, well, if they had to 318 00:21:11,920 --> 00:21:16,359 Speaker 1: be working in Tokyo and they were away from the office, 319 00:21:17,080 --> 00:21:18,800 Speaker 1: why did they even have to be in Tokyo at all? 320 00:21:18,880 --> 00:21:22,119 Speaker 1: Why couldn't they be in an amazing place like Polli, 321 00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:25,720 Speaker 1: and that's where I ended up, and the idea of 322 00:21:25,720 --> 00:21:29,119 Speaker 1: of coming in and creating a productive space for people 323 00:21:29,160 --> 00:21:33,800 Speaker 1: like myself was born. It all sounds great, but there's 324 00:21:33,840 --> 00:21:37,760 Speaker 1: just one little snag. The question our potential gates are 325 00:21:37,760 --> 00:21:40,119 Speaker 1: asking is also this, like how leiggal is it for 326 00:21:40,160 --> 00:21:43,080 Speaker 1: me to come and stay and work from there? This 327 00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:46,800 Speaker 1: is Thomas Despin. He runs a resort called Reconnect on 328 00:21:46,840 --> 00:21:50,840 Speaker 1: a remote island in Indonesia. Like David, he was also 329 00:21:50,920 --> 00:21:54,800 Speaker 1: lured by the idea of business leisure travel, the beauty 330 00:21:55,040 --> 00:22:00,240 Speaker 1: of having the best of both worlds. So when you 331 00:22:00,320 --> 00:22:03,000 Speaker 1: live in here, you have access of course to like 332 00:22:03,119 --> 00:22:07,360 Speaker 1: the whole island um to a pristine cold reef right 333 00:22:07,480 --> 00:22:10,320 Speaker 1: in front of the beach whites and beach. You have 334 00:22:10,400 --> 00:22:15,000 Speaker 1: access to all the water activities, so standard battle kayak, 335 00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:18,320 Speaker 1: you can go fishing with the local badge of people. 336 00:22:18,760 --> 00:22:22,600 Speaker 1: You can do all kind of beach activities, and of 337 00:22:22,640 --> 00:22:26,760 Speaker 1: course you have your own private space to focus and 338 00:22:26,840 --> 00:22:38,480 Speaker 1: work from without any destruction. M But when it comes 339 00:22:38,520 --> 00:22:42,080 Speaker 1: to immigration and tax issues, remote work tends to be 340 00:22:42,119 --> 00:22:46,760 Speaker 1: a gray area. Take Indonesia for example, Tourists can keep 341 00:22:46,880 --> 00:22:49,879 Speaker 1: entering on a thirty day visa, but staying in the 342 00:22:49,920 --> 00:22:52,720 Speaker 1: country for six months out of a twelve month period 343 00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:55,240 Speaker 1: would make you a tax resident in the eyes of 344 00:22:55,280 --> 00:22:59,840 Speaker 1: the law. This freak Thomas out since he was operating 345 00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:03,600 Speaker 1: US based business while staying in Bali. So when he 346 00:23:03,640 --> 00:23:06,359 Speaker 1: saw the law, he tried to file his income tax 347 00:23:06,400 --> 00:23:09,560 Speaker 1: at the local office, but he was met with confusion 348 00:23:09,720 --> 00:23:12,960 Speaker 1: from the authorities, and so actually went to the tax 349 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:16,640 Speaker 1: office in in January in Bali and they loved him. 350 00:23:17,200 --> 00:23:19,760 Speaker 1: I gets really loved there, Like why would you pay 351 00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:22,320 Speaker 1: taxes here? They say, you know, so just you know, 352 00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:24,399 Speaker 1: like go back to La Engine to stay here, you 353 00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:27,280 Speaker 1: don't have to pay any tax. So that was actually fun. 354 00:23:27,920 --> 00:23:31,320 Speaker 1: It's not just workers who are grappling with this. Companies 355 00:23:31,359 --> 00:23:36,680 Speaker 1: are too. They worry that the presence of their employees 356 00:23:36,720 --> 00:23:39,880 Speaker 1: in another country could make them obligated to pay corporate 357 00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:44,119 Speaker 1: taxes there. That's not even counting the social security and 358 00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:47,639 Speaker 1: labor obligations they would have to comply with. According to 359 00:23:47,680 --> 00:23:52,040 Speaker 1: a survey by the h CFO Network, almost of companies 360 00:23:52,040 --> 00:23:56,439 Speaker 1: said corporate taxes are their biggest concern around allowing remote work. 361 00:23:57,000 --> 00:24:02,880 Speaker 1: Personal taxes are a closed second to that end. Tourist 362 00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:06,600 Speaker 1: hot spots like Thailand are moving fast to modify these 363 00:24:06,680 --> 00:24:10,280 Speaker 1: rules and lure these business leisure travelers onto their beaches. 364 00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:14,000 Speaker 1: Travelers will soon be able to apply for a long 365 00:24:14,080 --> 00:24:17,760 Speaker 1: term resident visa if they want to work remotely from Thailand. 366 00:24:18,760 --> 00:24:22,240 Speaker 1: The visa lasts for five years and comes with tax incentives. 367 00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:28,080 Speaker 1: Here's Thai Tourism and Sports Minister peep At Chakrakari, did 368 00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:34,480 Speaker 1: you don't know that we want tax digital nomads? Their 369 00:24:34,480 --> 00:24:38,159 Speaker 1: income is generated from overseas. So if you earn money 370 00:24:38,240 --> 00:24:41,200 Speaker 1: from other countries and come to work and travel in Thailand, 371 00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:45,080 Speaker 1: the Thai government won't collected text from you. There's no 372 00:24:45,160 --> 00:24:48,520 Speaker 1: such tax. You will only be taxed on your spending. 373 00:24:49,119 --> 00:24:52,439 Speaker 1: The value added tax rate is as seven percent. That 374 00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:56,119 Speaker 1: is an equal charge for both locals and foreigners. And 375 00:24:56,160 --> 00:25:02,360 Speaker 1: then across the ocean and Indonesia could also offer its 376 00:25:02,359 --> 00:25:06,680 Speaker 1: own five year viewsas soon, targeting remote workers and retirees. 377 00:25:07,520 --> 00:25:12,080 Speaker 1: Tourism ministers san Diego says that's potentially a billion dollar 378 00:25:12,240 --> 00:25:17,360 Speaker 1: opportunity for the island nation from millennials. Gen z all 379 00:25:17,400 --> 00:25:21,440 Speaker 1: the way to order entrepreneurs to reside in Vali or 380 00:25:21,480 --> 00:25:26,040 Speaker 1: any parts of Indonesia. With the support of digital infrastructures, 381 00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:29,480 Speaker 1: they can conduct their businesses. Uh. And this is something 382 00:25:29,520 --> 00:25:32,439 Speaker 1: that is so huge because one trillion dollars worth of 383 00:25:32,960 --> 00:25:36,880 Speaker 1: potentials that we can read, and if we could convert 384 00:25:36,960 --> 00:25:43,640 Speaker 1: that twenty you would see a three billion US dollars 385 00:25:43,640 --> 00:25:48,480 Speaker 1: worth of potentials that we could turn into business opportunity 386 00:25:48,520 --> 00:25:52,439 Speaker 1: and create jobs for the economic recovery. Despite the strong 387 00:25:52,480 --> 00:25:56,320 Speaker 1: will of policymakers, the legal wrangling could take years to 388 00:25:56,400 --> 00:26:00,320 Speaker 1: catch up. But David Abraham of Outposts is optimally stick 389 00:26:00,720 --> 00:26:03,359 Speaker 1: that we're on the fast track now more than ever. 390 00:26:03,800 --> 00:26:06,440 Speaker 1: If we're talking in two thousand seven right now, and 391 00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:08,400 Speaker 1: you were talking to the future me, and you would 392 00:26:08,440 --> 00:26:11,280 Speaker 1: tell me I could just go and to someone else's 393 00:26:11,320 --> 00:26:13,800 Speaker 1: house and spend a few nights there and I can 394 00:26:13,840 --> 00:26:17,879 Speaker 1: pay them and that's legal, I'd say, well, that's crazy. 395 00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:21,040 Speaker 1: But Airbnb came about. And then I can go into 396 00:26:21,080 --> 00:26:23,800 Speaker 1: someone else's car who's not regulated, that's not a taxi, 397 00:26:23,920 --> 00:26:26,320 Speaker 1: and I can pay them to drive me anywhere. And 398 00:26:26,359 --> 00:26:28,040 Speaker 1: so what I think, what we see over time is 399 00:26:28,119 --> 00:26:32,919 Speaker 1: that regulations do evolve and and and things do change. Um. 400 00:26:32,960 --> 00:26:36,080 Speaker 1: Business travel has always been in this nebulous situation. When 401 00:26:36,119 --> 00:26:39,439 Speaker 1: I go to a conference and and and speak do 402 00:26:39,520 --> 00:26:41,880 Speaker 1: I come in on? What regulation? Do I come in under? 403 00:26:42,359 --> 00:26:44,879 Speaker 1: Um There's always been a challenge that that companies have 404 00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:47,120 Speaker 1: had to had to navigate, and I think they've done 405 00:26:47,160 --> 00:26:51,600 Speaker 1: it quite effectively. Now there are new visa regimes coming in, 406 00:26:52,240 --> 00:26:56,119 Speaker 1: but I think that this is definitely a manageable situation. 407 00:26:57,200 --> 00:27:01,240 Speaker 1: As for governments, remote workers are a much needed lifeline 408 00:27:01,800 --> 00:27:05,600 Speaker 1: for a tourism sector that was so badly beaten during 409 00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:26,520 Speaker 1: the pandemic. From Manila Claiyo from Bloomberg News, that's it 410 00:27:26,560 --> 00:27:28,800 Speaker 1: for this episode of Stephanomics. Will be back next week, 411 00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:31,040 Speaker 1: but in the meantime, do please rate the show if 412 00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:33,840 Speaker 1: you like it, and check out the Bloomberg News website. 413 00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:37,400 Speaker 1: It's Bloomberg UK in the UK. For more economic news 414 00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:39,879 Speaker 1: and views on the global economy. You can also follow 415 00:27:39,960 --> 00:27:44,639 Speaker 1: at Economics on Twitter. This episode was produced by Magnus Hendrickson, 416 00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:49,480 Speaker 1: Samma Sadi and Young Young, with special thanks to Katya Dmitrieva, 417 00:27:49,600 --> 00:27:54,359 Speaker 1: Professor Nirie Woods, Claire Yeow, Certainly, you, Wet Watana, and 418 00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:58,800 Speaker 1: Michelle jim Risco. Mike Sasso is executive producer of Stephonomics 419 00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:03,200 Speaker 1: and the head of Bloomberg podcast is Francesco Levi m 420 00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:13,040 Speaker 1: h m m