1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:27,440 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Welcome 2 00:00:27,480 --> 00:00:29,639 Speaker 1: to the show, Ridiculous Historians. Thank you so much for 3 00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:32,720 Speaker 1: tuning in. If you, like many of us listening, grew 4 00:00:32,800 --> 00:00:35,760 Speaker 1: up in the United States, then you are probably familiar 5 00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:40,440 Speaker 1: with the iconic face on the Quaker oats box who. 6 00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:42,519 Speaker 1: For a long time, as a kid, I did not 7 00:00:42,680 --> 00:00:46,040 Speaker 1: know that the Quakers or the religious Society of Friends 8 00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:49,000 Speaker 1: were in fact religion. Yeah. I always thought he was 9 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:50,680 Speaker 1: just like a pilgrim. Yeah, I thought it was just 10 00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:54,680 Speaker 1: like old timey, vaguely colonial. I'm picturing him in my head, 11 00:00:54,720 --> 00:00:56,880 Speaker 1: and I think I'm maybe even picturing him wrong and 12 00:00:56,920 --> 00:01:00,600 Speaker 1: inserting a pilgrim hat and sort of a buckle onto 13 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:02,680 Speaker 1: this figure. But I do not believe that is what 14 00:01:02,720 --> 00:01:05,200 Speaker 1: he looks like. I think he just has white hair, uh, 15 00:01:05,200 --> 00:01:07,640 Speaker 1: and kind of a frock of some sort. Yeah, he 16 00:01:07,720 --> 00:01:09,400 Speaker 1: does have a hat. Oh, he does have a hat. 17 00:01:09,400 --> 00:01:11,360 Speaker 1: Does have a hat, and it's not it's not super 18 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:15,679 Speaker 1: hesitated to use the words that super pilgrimy I guess. 19 00:01:15,720 --> 00:01:18,080 Speaker 1: But yeah, he's also got that kind of you know, 20 00:01:18,120 --> 00:01:21,880 Speaker 1: that neck rough ruffle thing. It's not quite a cravat, 21 00:01:21,959 --> 00:01:25,040 Speaker 1: not quite an ascot anyway, I'm ben. Oh hey, I'm no. 22 00:01:25,480 --> 00:01:28,360 Speaker 1: Um yeah, sorry, I'm digging up pictures Google images of 23 00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:31,319 Speaker 1: the quake Roats guy. We're gonna we're gonna dissect this 24 00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:34,040 Speaker 1: for a hot minute. Um. Yeah, it's a good sort 25 00:01:34,040 --> 00:01:37,320 Speaker 1: of an ascot. What do you call that, the thing 26 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:39,679 Speaker 1: that's like a ruffle, like a like a that's shirt 27 00:01:39,760 --> 00:01:41,920 Speaker 1: puffy shirt kind of situation. Yeah, but I feel like 28 00:01:41,920 --> 00:01:45,160 Speaker 1: it's just that it's just a neck piece. Well, someone 29 00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:49,120 Speaker 1: will tell us. And also your baby oats from dribbling 30 00:01:49,160 --> 00:01:52,320 Speaker 1: onto perhaps, Yeah, he's prepared. Makes him wonder if his 31 00:01:52,360 --> 00:01:55,000 Speaker 1: hair is real or if that's also uh you know, 32 00:01:55,080 --> 00:01:57,280 Speaker 1: like a it's like a bib for his ears. I 33 00:01:57,320 --> 00:02:00,360 Speaker 1: gotta say, looking back on the picture the Quaker guy, 34 00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:04,240 Speaker 1: now he's way younger than I thought he was, you 35 00:02:04,240 --> 00:02:06,320 Speaker 1: know what I mean, he's got no big lines on 36 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:11,079 Speaker 1: his face. He's got a shiny baby esque uh, I 37 00:02:11,120 --> 00:02:15,520 Speaker 1: don't know, sheen rosie cheeks. There we go. It's unfair 38 00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:17,440 Speaker 1: to him. He's he's he's a what do they call it, 39 00:02:17,440 --> 00:02:19,760 Speaker 1: He's a silver fox. He's a real smoke show. He's 40 00:02:19,960 --> 00:02:24,000 Speaker 1: he's he's he's a real out show. He's absolute snack. Uh. 41 00:02:24,160 --> 00:02:27,880 Speaker 1: He is what the Internet calls a zaddi. Uh. Speaking 42 00:02:28,080 --> 00:02:32,120 Speaker 1: of the religious society of friends and friends in general, 43 00:02:32,160 --> 00:02:34,720 Speaker 1: we'd like to introduce a very dear friend of ours 44 00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:38,680 Speaker 1: the third half of the show, super producer Casey Pegrum. 45 00:02:40,160 --> 00:02:41,760 Speaker 1: By the way, the guy on the Quake Roats Box 46 00:02:41,800 --> 00:02:49,480 Speaker 1: apparently known as Larry Larry. Yeah, within Quaker roats circles, enthusiasts, uh, insiders. 47 00:02:49,520 --> 00:02:54,280 Speaker 1: I don't know, within Quaker meals the that's weird. They 48 00:02:54,360 --> 00:02:56,480 Speaker 1: must have made that name up. I wonder if it's 49 00:02:56,480 --> 00:02:58,720 Speaker 1: short for Lawrence maybe. Well. I guess not to get 50 00:02:58,760 --> 00:03:01,280 Speaker 1: too relativistic about it, but all names are made up 51 00:03:01,280 --> 00:03:06,480 Speaker 1: at some point. Speaking of names and fantastic segways, we're 52 00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:10,120 Speaker 1: not doing an episode today on the Quaker oats Box, 53 00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:12,120 Speaker 1: which is a shame because now I want to do one. 54 00:03:12,200 --> 00:03:15,000 Speaker 1: It seems so interesting. But we are doing something related 55 00:03:15,040 --> 00:03:17,480 Speaker 1: to Quakers, right, It's true, and I just we wanted 56 00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:19,840 Speaker 1: to get that out of our system. Uh, the Quaker 57 00:03:19,840 --> 00:03:23,640 Speaker 1: outs guy being our only in road into the Quaker faith, 58 00:03:23,800 --> 00:03:26,560 Speaker 1: the Quaker tradition. Um. And you know, I I own 59 00:03:26,600 --> 00:03:28,040 Speaker 1: that and I'm fine with it. But you know what, 60 00:03:28,280 --> 00:03:30,840 Speaker 1: you can always change every day as a shining new 61 00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:34,160 Speaker 1: opportunity to learn something different and to broaden your horizons. 62 00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:36,800 Speaker 1: And we did that when it comes to Quakerism, because, 63 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:39,760 Speaker 1: as it turns out, the story of the abolition of 64 00:03:39,840 --> 00:03:43,800 Speaker 1: slavery in the United States has some unsung heroes that 65 00:03:43,880 --> 00:03:48,000 Speaker 1: were members of the Society of Friends, also known as 66 00:03:48,120 --> 00:03:52,240 Speaker 1: the Quakers. Right yeah, And we we tend to look 67 00:03:52,280 --> 00:03:56,560 Speaker 1: back on the actions of the religious Society of Friends 68 00:03:57,120 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 1: as being generally benevolent. But we have to be careful 69 00:04:01,080 --> 00:04:03,119 Speaker 1: when we look at history, and we want to avoid 70 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:06,640 Speaker 1: painting with too broad a brush, because you see, it 71 00:04:06,720 --> 00:04:10,080 Speaker 1: was not always the case that Quakers were abolitionist. Here. 72 00:04:10,320 --> 00:04:13,400 Speaker 1: In fact, when the Quakers first came to the North 73 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:18,280 Speaker 1: American continent, members of their society owned slaves, just as 74 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:24,360 Speaker 1: many other colonists did. And they seemed sadly okay with 75 00:04:24,760 --> 00:04:28,839 Speaker 1: the hypocrisy, the discrepancy between their stated religious views and 76 00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:33,840 Speaker 1: their real life practice of enslaving other human beings. How 77 00:04:33,880 --> 00:04:37,520 Speaker 1: did this change? How did the Quakers go from absolutely 78 00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:41,440 Speaker 1: hypocritical people to staunch abolitionists. A lot of it goes 79 00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:45,200 Speaker 1: down to the actions of a single man, a man 80 00:04:45,360 --> 00:04:49,479 Speaker 1: who is often forgotten or you know, not mentioned in 81 00:04:49,520 --> 00:04:52,240 Speaker 1: the history books. Yeah, a man by the name of 82 00:04:52,320 --> 00:04:57,360 Speaker 1: Benjamin Lay who is remarkable and not remarkable, I guess, 83 00:04:57,400 --> 00:05:00,960 Speaker 1: but stands out in history because of in part of 84 00:05:01,040 --> 00:05:04,000 Speaker 1: his stature. He was only four ft tall. Yep. He 85 00:05:04,080 --> 00:05:08,080 Speaker 1: was born in sixteen eighty two in Essex. This was 86 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:10,719 Speaker 1: a part of England that at the time was known 87 00:05:10,839 --> 00:05:16,279 Speaker 1: for uh fabrics, textile production and then also religious radicalism 88 00:05:16,320 --> 00:05:20,680 Speaker 1: and protest He was born into the Quaker faith. He 89 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:24,880 Speaker 1: was a third generation Quaker, and as he grew up 90 00:05:25,160 --> 00:05:27,960 Speaker 1: into a young man and into an adult, he became 91 00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:32,239 Speaker 1: more and more um I would say, committed to the faith, 92 00:05:32,279 --> 00:05:35,239 Speaker 1: which is interesting because I believe his father, William, wasn't 93 00:05:35,279 --> 00:05:39,120 Speaker 1: particularly devout. No, no, not at all. That's right. William 94 00:05:39,200 --> 00:05:41,640 Speaker 1: was a Quaker, but his first wife was from outside 95 00:05:41,640 --> 00:05:44,479 Speaker 1: of the religion. The family were pretty well off. They 96 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:47,800 Speaker 1: were landowners, they had some buildings, but they were always 97 00:05:47,839 --> 00:05:50,640 Speaker 1: going to be suspect. They were always going to be 98 00:05:50,720 --> 00:05:54,279 Speaker 1: sus in some way because they were members of a 99 00:05:54,320 --> 00:05:57,560 Speaker 1: Protestant faith that was not the faith of the Church 100 00:05:57,600 --> 00:06:00,720 Speaker 1: of England, and the Church of England, of course, is 101 00:06:00,800 --> 00:06:02,839 Speaker 1: not going to take kindly to what it sees as 102 00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:06,600 Speaker 1: dissident religions, speaking of which really quickly, um, since where 103 00:06:06,640 --> 00:06:08,240 Speaker 1: you know, in the in the spirit of broadening our 104 00:06:08,320 --> 00:06:13,040 Speaker 1: Quaker horizons, what exactly does the Quaker faith consist of? Yeah, 105 00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:15,840 Speaker 1: it's an interesting question. So we know that eventually they 106 00:06:15,920 --> 00:06:19,960 Speaker 1: become abolitionists, but they've also been known, at least throughout 107 00:06:20,040 --> 00:06:24,400 Speaker 1: u S history for being conscientious objectors pacifists, you know, 108 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:27,400 Speaker 1: during World War One and World War Two alike. And 109 00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:30,360 Speaker 1: they had some pretty progressive views, right, they sure did. 110 00:06:30,520 --> 00:06:34,320 Speaker 1: Um again, the Religious Society of Friends UM is it 111 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:37,599 Speaker 1: continues to be one of the most radical Christian sects 112 00:06:37,600 --> 00:06:41,440 Speaker 1: that came out of the Reformation, and they kind of 113 00:06:41,560 --> 00:06:46,560 Speaker 1: eschewed all of these ideas of creeds and iconic iconography 114 00:06:46,600 --> 00:06:50,880 Speaker 1: and a lot of the hierarchy of religious authority and 115 00:06:51,200 --> 00:06:54,760 Speaker 1: uh quote to quote an article on f GC Quaker 116 00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:59,120 Speaker 1: dot org called Quakerism one oh one. Uh. They had 117 00:06:59,120 --> 00:07:03,320 Speaker 1: taken out everything except dependent on the Divine Spirit for 118 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:06,320 Speaker 1: guidance and power. And a man by the name of 119 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:09,880 Speaker 1: George Fox Um was considered to be one of the 120 00:07:09,920 --> 00:07:15,160 Speaker 1: main kind of um forces driving the Quaker movement. And 121 00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:18,600 Speaker 1: they rely on something that they call testimonies, which is 122 00:07:18,760 --> 00:07:23,600 Speaker 1: very important. Um. It describes the witness to truth within 123 00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:27,400 Speaker 1: the human heart that is acted out in their everyday lives. 124 00:07:27,440 --> 00:07:30,920 Speaker 1: In other words, just kind of goodness and being kind 125 00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:34,280 Speaker 1: and being good to others. That's not just with their words, 126 00:07:34,640 --> 00:07:38,120 Speaker 1: but something that's much more to do with their deeds. Uh. 127 00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:40,960 Speaker 1: And the idea that God is within us all and 128 00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:43,520 Speaker 1: that all of life is interconnected. It kind of sounds 129 00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:46,840 Speaker 1: a little a little hippie ish in a way. Yeah, 130 00:07:46,840 --> 00:07:52,680 Speaker 1: they were also there were also prison reformers, controversially in Philadelphia. 131 00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:57,480 Speaker 1: That is a story for another day. Today, we're examining 132 00:07:57,520 --> 00:08:00,440 Speaker 1: the life of Benjamin lay A k A. The Quaker comment. 133 00:08:01,120 --> 00:08:04,239 Speaker 1: He was a sick kid, so as he was growing 134 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:07,840 Speaker 1: up in his early years, his parents understandably thought, maybe 135 00:08:07,840 --> 00:08:09,840 Speaker 1: he'll just get over his illness, you know, and and 136 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:12,120 Speaker 1: his the pace of his growth will catch up in 137 00:08:12,120 --> 00:08:15,240 Speaker 1: his adolescence. Yet, as he grew older, it became clear 138 00:08:15,640 --> 00:08:18,920 Speaker 1: that he had some sort of medical condition and this 139 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:22,160 Speaker 1: was affecting his growth. Right now, it's tough for us 140 00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:28,080 Speaker 1: to have a definitive understanding of his condition, but historians 141 00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:32,080 Speaker 1: agree the most likely condition he was suffering from was 142 00:08:32,160 --> 00:08:36,520 Speaker 1: a form of Dwarfism. That was also associated with a 143 00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:39,560 Speaker 1: curved spine, and that's why he stood about four ft 144 00:08:39,600 --> 00:08:42,640 Speaker 1: tall and he had a humped back. But he was 145 00:08:42,720 --> 00:08:46,080 Speaker 1: not um. He was not a frail person by any means. 146 00:08:46,320 --> 00:08:47,839 Speaker 1: Me being a bit of a mass a guest, I'm 147 00:08:47,840 --> 00:08:50,559 Speaker 1: gonna give this pronunciation a try. Of the scientific name 148 00:08:50,559 --> 00:08:55,680 Speaker 1: of the condition it was spawn deil pif seal dysplasia 149 00:08:55,960 --> 00:09:03,200 Speaker 1: congenita kay, decent try. And he got work on a 150 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:07,360 Speaker 1: farm right and in the sixteen nineties with his elder 151 00:09:07,440 --> 00:09:13,600 Speaker 1: half brother, William. William was not a Quaker. However, Benjamin 152 00:09:13,640 --> 00:09:17,560 Speaker 1: got along well with his half brother William, and he 153 00:09:17,840 --> 00:09:22,200 Speaker 1: worked as a shepherd. He grew old enough to get 154 00:09:22,240 --> 00:09:24,720 Speaker 1: into his own line of work, a trade of his 155 00:09:24,760 --> 00:09:28,200 Speaker 1: own business, of his own, and so his father sent 156 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:32,200 Speaker 1: him away to become a glover, which is cool there 157 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:35,440 Speaker 1: It could be someone's job to make gloves, that is, 158 00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:38,360 Speaker 1: I guess, So yeah, I would, I would hope. So 159 00:09:38,520 --> 00:09:40,520 Speaker 1: it doesn't seem like too far a leap. I wonder 160 00:09:40,520 --> 00:09:43,240 Speaker 1: if people have the surname glover worked as glovers in 161 00:09:43,280 --> 00:09:45,760 Speaker 1: the past, just like he got a shoemaker. That's a tinker, right, 162 00:09:46,400 --> 00:09:48,120 Speaker 1: not one. I mean, I don't know like maybe a 163 00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:51,120 Speaker 1: glad well a tinker is a cobbler, would be a 164 00:09:51,120 --> 00:09:56,600 Speaker 1: shop tinker. Uh. Sometimes tinkers are people who mend pots, 165 00:09:57,120 --> 00:10:00,120 Speaker 1: sharper knives. Glover is somebody who's too old for there. 166 00:10:00,760 --> 00:10:05,800 Speaker 1: There you go, casey on the case on the case. Yeah, 167 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:09,040 Speaker 1: Glover is someone who makes our sells gloves. So you 168 00:10:09,080 --> 00:10:10,800 Speaker 1: know it was good that we didn't assume. Yeah, we 169 00:10:11,120 --> 00:10:15,200 Speaker 1: never assume on ridiculous history. We always uh trust but verify. 170 00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:20,280 Speaker 1: There we go. Just like Gregan said, today, we're fortunate 171 00:10:20,400 --> 00:10:25,480 Speaker 1: enough to talk about another group that understands the importance 172 00:10:25,600 --> 00:10:28,959 Speaker 1: of being heard and having a voice. It's a very true, man, 173 00:10:29,320 --> 00:10:32,480 Speaker 1: and it comes at a very important time of the year. 174 00:10:32,640 --> 00:10:35,080 Speaker 1: It's that time of year when everyone is traveling or 175 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:38,720 Speaker 1: running around getting thoughtful gifts or you know, maybe phoning 176 00:10:38,760 --> 00:10:40,760 Speaker 1: it in a little bit, hopefully thoughtful gifts for the 177 00:10:40,800 --> 00:10:43,720 Speaker 1: people that they care about the most. So think about 178 00:10:43,760 --> 00:10:47,439 Speaker 1: giving yourself the gift of an audible membership, and now, 179 00:10:47,600 --> 00:10:49,840 Speaker 1: my friends, is the best time to do that. 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I think he. 215 00:12:56,240 --> 00:12:58,480 Speaker 1: I don't know, I'm gonna editorialize here a little bit. 216 00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:00,320 Speaker 1: I think he probably preferred the out of door wars, 217 00:13:00,760 --> 00:13:03,960 Speaker 1: you know, roaming with the with the herds and the 218 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:07,319 Speaker 1: sheep's and his his best dog by his side. You know. 219 00:13:07,559 --> 00:13:11,000 Speaker 1: He gliked making mittens and so on. But he didn't 220 00:13:11,520 --> 00:13:16,439 Speaker 1: love it. God, that was rough? Oh man? Why so? 221 00:13:16,440 --> 00:13:19,959 Speaker 1: So Yeah, you're right, right. He he probably looked back 222 00:13:20,040 --> 00:13:23,199 Speaker 1: on his shepherding days and thought that was that was 223 00:13:23,240 --> 00:13:25,079 Speaker 1: a nicer life. I was out and I was in 224 00:13:25,120 --> 00:13:28,200 Speaker 1: the outdoors, had a more dynamic day to day. I 225 00:13:28,280 --> 00:13:30,760 Speaker 1: was doing stuff. And his next to let career choice, 226 00:13:30,800 --> 00:13:33,400 Speaker 1: you know, supports that because he decided that it was 227 00:13:33,440 --> 00:13:36,600 Speaker 1: the sailor's life for him, which I guess was much 228 00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:38,840 Speaker 1: easier to do at that point. You think, so, I 229 00:13:38,840 --> 00:13:41,520 Speaker 1: don't know why. It seems like a lot of hard work. No, 230 00:13:41,640 --> 00:13:43,960 Speaker 1: it was much easier to run away, run away and 231 00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:46,240 Speaker 1: not get caught. Why why why would he have to 232 00:13:46,240 --> 00:13:48,240 Speaker 1: worry about getting caught. Oh, yeah, he's twenty one. You 233 00:13:48,240 --> 00:13:50,319 Speaker 1: can do what he wants. Did he even matter back then? 234 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:52,600 Speaker 1: It's his life. Yeah, but let let that boy run, 235 00:13:52,720 --> 00:13:55,760 Speaker 1: let that boy fly, Let this ponies ride. Yeah. Well, 236 00:13:55,880 --> 00:13:58,040 Speaker 1: he wanted to see the world. He knew there was 237 00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:03,520 Speaker 1: a huge, vast realm of experience just beyond the visible horizon. 238 00:14:04,120 --> 00:14:05,960 Speaker 1: And he said, you know, I might die, I might 239 00:14:06,679 --> 00:14:10,199 Speaker 1: get grievously injured. Because the same year he ran away, 240 00:14:10,240 --> 00:14:14,600 Speaker 1: seventeen o three, right, like, thousands of British sailors had 241 00:14:14,679 --> 00:14:18,200 Speaker 1: lost their lives in a major cyclone, so he knew 242 00:14:18,240 --> 00:14:23,600 Speaker 1: what was at stake and he decided yolo, yeah and UM. 243 00:14:23,720 --> 00:14:26,520 Speaker 1: It ended up being a good move because it opened 244 00:14:26,560 --> 00:14:30,000 Speaker 1: his eyes to the possibilities of the world had to offer. 245 00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:34,040 Speaker 1: So he, you know, for about twelve years, he kind 246 00:14:34,040 --> 00:14:37,800 Speaker 1: of flitted between London and the sea, his second home 247 00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:41,840 Speaker 1: of the sea. He beat out on voyages, I guess 248 00:14:41,840 --> 00:14:44,760 Speaker 1: you can say, for months and months, and he got 249 00:14:44,880 --> 00:14:49,280 Speaker 1: used to sharing very tight quarters with um, a very 250 00:14:49,360 --> 00:14:54,280 Speaker 1: diverse crew of individuals, lots of different ethnic groups represented, 251 00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:58,360 Speaker 1: and he kind of learned literally how to get along 252 00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:01,920 Speaker 1: with his fellow man. Yeah, it's true. Literally, you have 253 00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:04,360 Speaker 1: to get along with your fellow men in order to 254 00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:08,920 Speaker 1: cooperate in a sailing situation, or else you're all gonna die. Right. 255 00:15:08,960 --> 00:15:11,160 Speaker 1: The only person who's better than other people would be 256 00:15:11,160 --> 00:15:14,520 Speaker 1: the captain, and everybody else kind of follows that person's 257 00:15:15,200 --> 00:15:18,040 Speaker 1: orders and their whims. That's not entirely true. The hierarchy 258 00:15:18,080 --> 00:15:20,920 Speaker 1: is rank and therefore merit based. But a good captain 259 00:15:20,920 --> 00:15:22,640 Speaker 1: should be down there in the trenches with his mates 260 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:27,520 Speaker 1: in my opinion. You know, I haven't captained the ship yet, 261 00:15:28,120 --> 00:15:30,080 Speaker 1: so I I can't speak for sure. I'd like to 262 00:15:30,080 --> 00:15:32,760 Speaker 1: think that's the truth. Second career. I don't know, man, 263 00:15:32,960 --> 00:15:36,240 Speaker 1: I don't know. Maybe I'm gonna I gotta learn a 264 00:15:36,280 --> 00:15:39,800 Speaker 1: little bit more about gloving. Kind a very striking figure 265 00:15:39,840 --> 00:15:43,040 Speaker 1: for a captain. I would say that that's thank you. 266 00:15:43,120 --> 00:15:45,280 Speaker 1: And now, due to an ankle injury, I do have 267 00:15:45,320 --> 00:15:49,080 Speaker 1: a seaworthy limp, so I look like I could be 268 00:15:49,120 --> 00:15:50,720 Speaker 1: out a boat. I guess now I just need to 269 00:15:50,720 --> 00:15:52,880 Speaker 1: get rid of the one of the eyes right now. 270 00:15:53,040 --> 00:15:54,680 Speaker 1: You have to do that. You can just wear a patch. 271 00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:56,880 Speaker 1: Do you have a patch for one of those characters 272 00:15:56,960 --> 00:15:59,880 Speaker 1: you play where you meet in random people and poses 273 00:15:59,920 --> 00:16:05,080 Speaker 1: a patchman attatchment. Uh, funny that you say that. There's 274 00:16:05,080 --> 00:16:09,000 Speaker 1: there's pretty strong evidence that the eye patch motif for 275 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:13,320 Speaker 1: pirates specifically or sailors in general doesn't come from Lucian. 276 00:16:13,440 --> 00:16:16,040 Speaker 1: I it's too you've heard this to preserve night vision 277 00:16:16,080 --> 00:16:19,400 Speaker 1: when they go down into the cabin beneath YEA. I 278 00:16:19,520 --> 00:16:22,200 Speaker 1: never heard that. Yeah, have you heard that, Casey? I 279 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:24,400 Speaker 1: don't think I have now. So the idea is that 280 00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:26,920 Speaker 1: they don't have something wrong with their left or right eye. 281 00:16:27,160 --> 00:16:29,400 Speaker 1: They switched the patch when they walk out of the 282 00:16:29,400 --> 00:16:32,640 Speaker 1: sunshine with low deck because there was very little lighting. 283 00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:34,920 Speaker 1: I always thought when you saw him switch the patch, 284 00:16:34,960 --> 00:16:36,720 Speaker 1: it was just kind of meant to be a joke, 285 00:16:37,600 --> 00:16:39,640 Speaker 1: the fact that they like, don't really have a missing eye, 286 00:16:39,760 --> 00:16:42,520 Speaker 1: like a mel Brooks kind of thing. Exactly. Yeah, So 287 00:16:43,480 --> 00:16:46,680 Speaker 1: Benjamin Lay did not at this point have an eyepatch, 288 00:16:46,800 --> 00:16:50,440 Speaker 1: but he had a hard earned rep And I like 289 00:16:50,520 --> 00:16:55,000 Speaker 1: what you pointed out about how diverse his experience was, 290 00:16:55,280 --> 00:16:57,880 Speaker 1: because we have to remember this is a time where 291 00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:02,520 Speaker 1: people would spend their entire lives living, I mean, barely 292 00:17:02,560 --> 00:17:05,640 Speaker 1: going more than a hundred miles from where they were 293 00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:11,280 Speaker 1: physically born. And this guy traveled across the globe. He 294 00:17:11,359 --> 00:17:15,520 Speaker 1: gained a tolerance for people, tolerance through familiarity and experience 295 00:17:15,800 --> 00:17:18,920 Speaker 1: that was absent from a lot of his peers, even 296 00:17:18,920 --> 00:17:23,639 Speaker 1: his fellow Quakers. He identified with the underdogs. He was 297 00:17:23,960 --> 00:17:27,679 Speaker 1: terrified and horrified and disgusted by the stories he heard 298 00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:30,800 Speaker 1: of the slave trade, and he never worked on a 299 00:17:30,840 --> 00:17:36,240 Speaker 1: slave ship. He was not friendly to people who did he. 300 00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:39,719 Speaker 1: We we think he learned to read while he was 301 00:17:39,880 --> 00:17:43,760 Speaker 1: at sea, which is interesting and kind of inspiring, because 302 00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:46,920 Speaker 1: you know, you can't blame people for just assuming most 303 00:17:46,920 --> 00:17:49,800 Speaker 1: sailors at the time and the sixteen or sevres would 304 00:17:49,800 --> 00:17:53,040 Speaker 1: be illiterate. Turns out they were actually monster readers. You know, 305 00:17:53,080 --> 00:17:55,720 Speaker 1: they say, but he blew assume Ben, what's that? They're jerks? 306 00:17:56,920 --> 00:17:58,960 Speaker 1: I learned something interesting to second ago to just in 307 00:17:59,040 --> 00:18:02,080 Speaker 1: quick aside, do you know where the name Quaker comes from? 308 00:18:02,720 --> 00:18:05,800 Speaker 1: Is it from a It's a physical motion, right, sure is. 309 00:18:05,840 --> 00:18:08,639 Speaker 1: But George Fox again, the founder or one of the 310 00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:11,960 Speaker 1: main forces of you know, the credited founder of Quakers, 311 00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:16,040 Speaker 1: m apparently once told a magistrate, uh, in in like 312 00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:19,919 Speaker 1: Jesus flipping over the money changers table fashion to quake 313 00:18:20,400 --> 00:18:23,240 Speaker 1: at the name of God and uh and it's stuck, 314 00:18:24,320 --> 00:18:27,520 Speaker 1: similar to the Shakers. Right, that's like a Shaker hymn 315 00:18:27,720 --> 00:18:32,240 Speaker 1: shape songs uh shape note singing. Right. Okay, so the Shakers, 316 00:18:32,880 --> 00:18:36,119 Speaker 1: just to clear this up real quick, the Shakers came 317 00:18:36,400 --> 00:18:40,600 Speaker 1: from the Quakers. The woman who started the Shaker movement, 318 00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:45,560 Speaker 1: lady named mother Ann Lee, was formerly a Quaker, and 319 00:18:45,680 --> 00:18:51,080 Speaker 1: she incorporated some of her Quaker experience into Shaker practice. 320 00:18:51,119 --> 00:18:54,520 Speaker 1: And if I'm not mistaken, uh, Shaker has lived in 321 00:18:54,640 --> 00:19:00,320 Speaker 1: much more Amish type situation, self contained, subsistence communities. And 322 00:19:00,359 --> 00:19:04,480 Speaker 1: they were celibates, right, that's the thing. They their religion 323 00:19:04,760 --> 00:19:09,600 Speaker 1: did not increase through reproduction. It increased through proselytization. But 324 00:19:09,640 --> 00:19:14,240 Speaker 1: does that really work. The Shakers were not as numerous 325 00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:18,000 Speaker 1: as the Quakers would seem so, and we also have 326 00:19:18,119 --> 00:19:23,640 Speaker 1: this idea, I think nowadays, of Quakers being pretty literate, 327 00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:28,639 Speaker 1: well educated people. Benjamin at the time did not receive 328 00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:32,280 Speaker 1: a lot of formal schooling, but he grew up, you know. 329 00:19:32,359 --> 00:19:35,199 Speaker 1: He he learned to read on the mean tides of 330 00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:38,679 Speaker 1: the Atlantic, I don't know, and he and he also 331 00:19:38,760 --> 00:19:43,320 Speaker 1: became very very well read and self educated as an adult. 332 00:19:43,680 --> 00:19:47,960 Speaker 1: There was a moment where I think that's really cemented 333 00:19:48,119 --> 00:19:53,639 Speaker 1: his hate of slavery when he was working as a 334 00:19:53,840 --> 00:19:57,280 Speaker 1: shopkeeper in Barbados. It's true, and up to this point 335 00:19:57,320 --> 00:20:00,879 Speaker 1: he had heard tales of the slave ers and slave 336 00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:04,399 Speaker 1: ships and refused to work on one of those types 337 00:20:04,440 --> 00:20:06,639 Speaker 1: of ships. We already kind of drawn a line in 338 00:20:06,680 --> 00:20:10,480 Speaker 1: the sand there. But um. There was a time when 339 00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:14,320 Speaker 1: he was living in London in between voyages where he 340 00:20:14,480 --> 00:20:19,600 Speaker 1: met uh someone named Sarah Smith, and she, like him, 341 00:20:19,800 --> 00:20:24,199 Speaker 1: also suffered from dwarfs um um and they very quickly 342 00:20:24,240 --> 00:20:28,359 Speaker 1: fell in love and got married, and they shared both 343 00:20:28,400 --> 00:20:31,879 Speaker 1: the their faith and their their physical conditions, and it 344 00:20:31,920 --> 00:20:34,800 Speaker 1: really kind of bonded them together and they started to 345 00:20:35,280 --> 00:20:38,120 Speaker 1: kind of really lift each other up and influence each 346 00:20:38,160 --> 00:20:42,440 Speaker 1: other in these very forward thinking ideas of the time, 347 00:20:43,119 --> 00:20:47,719 Speaker 1: and they moved to Barbados in seventeen eighteen, where there 348 00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:52,640 Speaker 1: was a small Quaker community. Unfortunately, though, uh, I think 349 00:20:52,640 --> 00:20:56,600 Speaker 1: they didn't realize before they set off for this new life, 350 00:20:57,160 --> 00:21:01,600 Speaker 1: was that the island um was built on the practice. 351 00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:07,639 Speaker 1: They both so despised, yes, in their minds, uh, the slaves, 352 00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:16,680 Speaker 1: the human slaves, were treated worse than the livestock. So 353 00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:20,639 Speaker 1: they took action. This was an activist couple. We have 354 00:21:20,680 --> 00:21:24,560 Speaker 1: to remember. They held open meetings, They offered to feed 355 00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:30,040 Speaker 1: anybody in the islands enslaved population, and that made the 356 00:21:30,119 --> 00:21:36,040 Speaker 1: white uh slaver population incredibly upset and they said, you know, 357 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:39,400 Speaker 1: stop interfering with this, even to the point where these 358 00:21:39,480 --> 00:21:43,080 Speaker 1: quote unquote masters and mistresses of slaves, as described an 359 00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:46,000 Speaker 1: Atlas Obscura, called for the Lays to be banished from 360 00:21:46,040 --> 00:21:50,280 Speaker 1: the island. Luckily, the Lays had already made plans to skedattle, 361 00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:53,440 Speaker 1: and so it was that in seventeen twenty they returned 362 00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:58,400 Speaker 1: to England, but Lay was he now had a taste 363 00:21:58,520 --> 00:22:02,639 Speaker 1: for righteous causes. And I won't spoil the rest of 364 00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:04,840 Speaker 1: the story reading the headline of this alice obscure article, 365 00:22:04,920 --> 00:22:07,920 Speaker 1: but it is by Natasha Frost and as a fantastic read. 366 00:22:08,920 --> 00:22:12,240 Speaker 1: So when he came back to England, he was disowned, 367 00:22:12,600 --> 00:22:18,359 Speaker 1: formally expelled from two different Quaker congregations. Eventually the couple 368 00:22:18,440 --> 00:22:23,120 Speaker 1: boarded a ship bound for Philadelphia in seventeen thirty two. 369 00:22:23,760 --> 00:22:26,960 Speaker 1: Benjamin and Sarah thought they would join up with the 370 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:32,280 Speaker 1: famous William Penn's Holy Experiment. They wanted to go to 371 00:22:32,359 --> 00:22:35,800 Speaker 1: what he called the good Land, Pennsylvania, and they thought 372 00:22:35,800 --> 00:22:39,000 Speaker 1: they would have a future with liberty of future, free 373 00:22:39,119 --> 00:22:44,159 Speaker 1: from religious persecution, a future where people were call it 374 00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:47,679 Speaker 1: a hot take, treating other people like human beings, that 375 00:22:47,760 --> 00:22:54,560 Speaker 1: sounds nice. Lay arrived in Philadelphia, Uh completely appalled um, 376 00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:58,880 Speaker 1: because you know, slavery was almost as much ingrained into 377 00:22:58,920 --> 00:23:02,320 Speaker 1: the culture as what he had seen in Barbados. And 378 00:23:02,359 --> 00:23:07,240 Speaker 1: according to some stats laid out in the Smithsonian magazine 379 00:23:07,320 --> 00:23:10,960 Speaker 1: article the Quaker comment was the greatest abolitionist You've never 380 00:23:11,000 --> 00:23:16,000 Speaker 1: heard of by Marcus Hddicker, one in ten individuals in 381 00:23:16,080 --> 00:23:21,000 Speaker 1: Philadelphia was an enslaved person, and by contrast that that 382 00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:25,719 Speaker 1: sadly compares favorably to Barbados, where almost nine out of 383 00:23:25,720 --> 00:23:29,320 Speaker 1: ten people on the island were enslaved. There was also, 384 00:23:30,600 --> 00:23:34,199 Speaker 1: it feels we're saying this the levels of violence and 385 00:23:34,240 --> 00:23:39,200 Speaker 1: repression were apparently lower, but still it's a situation where 386 00:23:39,240 --> 00:23:44,120 Speaker 1: slaveries involved chattel slavery, so violence and repression are still 387 00:23:44,160 --> 00:23:48,199 Speaker 1: a daily thing that happens all the time. And Laid 388 00:23:48,280 --> 00:23:52,680 Speaker 1: notes in his writing that enslaved men would plow so 389 00:23:53,000 --> 00:23:56,520 Speaker 1: thresh windows, split rails, cut, would clear land, make ditches 390 00:23:56,560 --> 00:23:59,440 Speaker 1: and fences, fodder cattle, run and fetch up the horses. 391 00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:02,400 Speaker 1: They were doing all of the work. And he saw 392 00:24:02,480 --> 00:24:04,760 Speaker 1: women who were enslaved doing all of the work in 393 00:24:04,800 --> 00:24:08,200 Speaker 1: the dairy, in the kitchen, inside and outside. And then 394 00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:13,439 Speaker 1: this made him look, uh, with disgust upon the slave 395 00:24:13,480 --> 00:24:16,200 Speaker 1: owners who saw is very lazy, right, yeah, And I mean, 396 00:24:16,200 --> 00:24:19,040 Speaker 1: I'm sure it affected his view of humanity in general 397 00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:21,040 Speaker 1: to a degree. Or maybe there was a moment where 398 00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:24,240 Speaker 1: he was like, hash, you know, is everyone just awful? 399 00:24:24,880 --> 00:24:27,360 Speaker 1: But he didn't give up, right, And that's the most 400 00:24:27,359 --> 00:24:30,480 Speaker 1: important part of any story like this, is he saw 401 00:24:30,600 --> 00:24:36,080 Speaker 1: things that he um found disturbing and disgusting, and rather 402 00:24:36,119 --> 00:24:38,680 Speaker 1: than just throw his hands up and give up on humanity, 403 00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:43,399 Speaker 1: he tried to change it. Yep, and he partnered up 404 00:24:43,680 --> 00:24:48,520 Speaker 1: with a guy named Ralph Sanderford. Ralph Sanderford had earlier 405 00:24:48,680 --> 00:24:52,760 Speaker 1: published an indictment of slavery against the recommendations of the 406 00:24:52,840 --> 00:24:55,879 Speaker 1: Board of Overseers in the community, and that was about 407 00:24:55,920 --> 00:25:01,160 Speaker 1: three years ago when Lay ran into Sanderford. Ralph Sanderford 408 00:25:01,280 --> 00:25:03,679 Speaker 1: was not doing well. Also, I loved the picture of 409 00:25:03,680 --> 00:25:06,920 Speaker 1: somebody to be named Ralph in the seventeen hundreds. It 410 00:25:06,960 --> 00:25:09,200 Speaker 1: feels like a nineteen eighties name. It really does. It's 411 00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:12,200 Speaker 1: also a very popular chain of grocery stores in Los Angeles. 412 00:25:12,600 --> 00:25:17,320 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, that's right. So Lay found this guy wasn't 413 00:25:17,359 --> 00:25:20,600 Speaker 1: doing well. He had a lot of bodily infirmities. Lay 414 00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:24,159 Speaker 1: also noted that he had a sore affliction of the mind. 415 00:25:24,680 --> 00:25:29,679 Speaker 1: And to Benjamin Lay, this was all caused by persecution 416 00:25:29,880 --> 00:25:34,600 Speaker 1: from the leaders of the Quaker community. He had. Ralph Sandaford, 417 00:25:34,640 --> 00:25:38,720 Speaker 1: that is, had moved from Philadelphia nine miles northeast to 418 00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:41,400 Speaker 1: a cabin in the woods to get away from these 419 00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:47,000 Speaker 1: people who were pushing him around. And Lay visits with Ralph. 420 00:25:47,119 --> 00:25:50,720 Speaker 1: They they speak of many things, the injustices of the 421 00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:54,160 Speaker 1: world now to correct them for almost a year, and 422 00:25:54,280 --> 00:25:58,520 Speaker 1: eventually he spoke with Sandiford when Ralph Sandeford was on 423 00:25:58,560 --> 00:26:02,560 Speaker 1: his deathbed in a sort of delirium, and Sanford passed 424 00:26:02,560 --> 00:26:07,520 Speaker 1: away only forty years old May seventeen thirty three. You 425 00:26:07,600 --> 00:26:09,960 Speaker 1: gotta think that this was a meaningful friendship to Lay 426 00:26:10,119 --> 00:26:15,640 Speaker 1: because he had just experienced such abject horror in Barbados 427 00:26:15,680 --> 00:26:18,399 Speaker 1: and just seeing the worst of people for him to 428 00:26:18,600 --> 00:26:21,879 Speaker 1: find somebody like this who could kind of share his 429 00:26:22,200 --> 00:26:25,359 Speaker 1: h his understanding of you know, the common good and 430 00:26:25,560 --> 00:26:28,120 Speaker 1: working with your fellow man and all that. Um And actually, 431 00:26:28,200 --> 00:26:30,760 Speaker 1: you know, I think you mentioned this ben Um he 432 00:26:31,119 --> 00:26:35,680 Speaker 1: published that treatise against the objection of the Board of Overseers. 433 00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:38,280 Speaker 1: I don't want to understate that enough like that is 434 00:26:38,359 --> 00:26:44,000 Speaker 1: literally like the body, the organization that you know governs slavery. 435 00:26:44,040 --> 00:26:45,600 Speaker 1: I never even thought of that as being a thing, 436 00:26:45,680 --> 00:26:47,399 Speaker 1: but of course there had to be some kind of 437 00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:51,479 Speaker 1: you know, organization behind it. It's really, uh it did 438 00:26:51,520 --> 00:26:53,680 Speaker 1: it kind of breaks your heart to think about. It's 439 00:26:53,680 --> 00:26:57,160 Speaker 1: a banality of evil kind of thing. Yeah, so Ley 440 00:26:57,200 --> 00:27:00,480 Speaker 1: takes up the torch from Ralph and he saw arts 441 00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:03,879 Speaker 1: doing stuff similar to the protests. He and Sarah at 442 00:27:03,960 --> 00:27:06,439 Speaker 1: stage before he has public protest, and he says, I'm 443 00:27:06,480 --> 00:27:10,280 Speaker 1: gonna shock the friends of Philadelphia, the Quaker members of 444 00:27:10,280 --> 00:27:14,920 Speaker 1: the community, into awareness because they have their own deep, 445 00:27:15,440 --> 00:27:20,200 Speaker 1: abiding moral failings. He said, look at all the hard 446 00:27:20,359 --> 00:27:23,560 Speaker 1: labor that goes into making these commodities that are making 447 00:27:23,560 --> 00:27:27,840 Speaker 1: you so much money, tobacco and sugar particularly. He shows 448 00:27:27,920 --> 00:27:31,440 Speaker 1: up at a Quaker meeting that happens annually with three 449 00:27:31,560 --> 00:27:35,320 Speaker 1: large tobacco pipes stuck in his bosom, stuck in his chest. 450 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:37,399 Speaker 1: What does that mean that like strapped to him like 451 00:27:37,480 --> 00:27:41,240 Speaker 1: John Popper carries around the harmonicas. Yeah, like John Popper, 452 00:27:41,240 --> 00:27:47,000 Speaker 1: I guess. He sits between these galleries of men and women, 453 00:27:47,119 --> 00:27:50,440 Speaker 1: elders and ministers who are seated separately. He just sits 454 00:27:50,440 --> 00:27:54,000 Speaker 1: there and stews, And as the meeting ends, he rises, 455 00:27:54,119 --> 00:27:57,000 Speaker 1: without saying a word, and takes one of those large 456 00:27:57,040 --> 00:28:00,399 Speaker 1: pipes and quote no one asked you about the quote, 457 00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:04,439 Speaker 1: dashes one pipe among the men ministers, one among the 458 00:28:04,480 --> 00:28:08,080 Speaker 1: women ministers, and the third among the congregation assembled. Wait 459 00:28:08,080 --> 00:28:10,080 Speaker 1: a minute, is he throwing them or is he hitting, 460 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:14,119 Speaker 1: he's flogging them with it. How I don't understand. You 461 00:28:14,160 --> 00:28:16,000 Speaker 1: feel like by the time he got to the third pipe, 462 00:28:16,040 --> 00:28:18,439 Speaker 1: people would have wised up. And also, how is he 463 00:28:18,480 --> 00:28:21,400 Speaker 1: doing this simultaneously? Is he doing it like one group 464 00:28:21,440 --> 00:28:23,520 Speaker 1: at a time? And why do they each get their 465 00:28:23,560 --> 00:28:26,200 Speaker 1: own pipe? I don't understand. Couldn't he have accomplished the 466 00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:28,560 Speaker 1: same thing with one pipe, ben I don't know. I 467 00:28:28,560 --> 00:28:32,080 Speaker 1: guess it was a different time pipe wise. Yeah, but 468 00:28:32,240 --> 00:28:36,120 Speaker 1: the bottom line is it created It created a real 469 00:28:36,240 --> 00:28:39,320 Speaker 1: hubbub uh. Okay, Yeah, here we go. This is from 470 00:28:39,400 --> 00:28:41,800 Speaker 1: Smithsonian mag I'm gonna quote the article directly because it 471 00:28:41,880 --> 00:28:44,040 Speaker 1: is a really good job of something that's up. With 472 00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:49,560 Speaker 1: each smashing blow. He protested slave labor, luxury, and the 473 00:28:49,640 --> 00:28:55,160 Speaker 1: poor health caused by smoking the stinking saltweed. I never 474 00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:59,400 Speaker 1: heard of tobacco referred to as saltweeds saltweed. Interesting. Yeah, 475 00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:04,520 Speaker 1: And he was really trying to band together his people, 476 00:29:04,960 --> 00:29:06,719 Speaker 1: you know, toward a common cause which he knew they 477 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:10,440 Speaker 1: were capable of in their hearts. This is only the 478 00:29:10,480 --> 00:29:15,360 Speaker 1: beginning of Benjamin Lay's career really as an activist, as 479 00:29:15,400 --> 00:29:18,800 Speaker 1: a protester. Right, It's true, and you might be asking yourselves. Really, guys, 480 00:29:18,880 --> 00:29:21,000 Speaker 1: you're gonna make that's a two parter. Really you're gonna 481 00:29:21,040 --> 00:29:23,040 Speaker 1: do that to me? Well, yeah, we really are. The 482 00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:25,800 Speaker 1: answer is yes, a hard yes, because this is an 483 00:29:25,840 --> 00:29:28,600 Speaker 1: important episode, important episode you want to give it its due, 484 00:29:29,200 --> 00:29:32,600 Speaker 1: and we hope that you will join us for part 485 00:29:32,680 --> 00:29:35,840 Speaker 1: two of the Life and Times of Benjamin Lay Because 486 00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:39,880 Speaker 1: new spoilers things get pretty intense and he does some 487 00:29:40,680 --> 00:29:44,760 Speaker 1: i would say, very innovative protesting, very innovative, bordering on 488 00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:49,000 Speaker 1: the absurd, and varying into sort of performance art territory 489 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:52,480 Speaker 1: as you'll start to hear. Um, So you can wait, 490 00:29:52,520 --> 00:29:54,120 Speaker 1: it's just a couple of days, because this one is 491 00:29:54,160 --> 00:29:57,480 Speaker 1: absolutely gonna be worth it. The payoff is there, we promise, agreed, 492 00:29:57,520 --> 00:30:00,440 Speaker 1: and this ends our episode, but not our show. Continue 493 00:30:00,480 --> 00:30:02,960 Speaker 1: the conversation with us. You can find us on Facebook, 494 00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:04,959 Speaker 1: you can find us on Instagram, you can find us 495 00:30:04,960 --> 00:30:10,160 Speaker 1: on Twitter. We want to hear your stories of other abolitionists, 496 00:30:10,200 --> 00:30:13,080 Speaker 1: other people on the side of the good guys who 497 00:30:13,120 --> 00:30:16,080 Speaker 1: for one reason or another have been kind of forgotten 498 00:30:16,080 --> 00:30:18,000 Speaker 1: by history. It's true, and you can find us in 499 00:30:18,080 --> 00:30:22,040 Speaker 1: those locations at Ridiculous History on Twitter and Instagram. Um 500 00:30:22,080 --> 00:30:25,440 Speaker 1: on Facebook. You can join our Ridiculous Historians group simply 501 00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:28,720 Speaker 1: by naming Ben or myself in the little question that 502 00:30:28,800 --> 00:30:30,680 Speaker 1: pops up, and then you're in, and you can join 503 00:30:30,760 --> 00:30:32,760 Speaker 1: us for all kinds of fun discussions with your fellow 504 00:30:32,840 --> 00:30:37,120 Speaker 1: Ridiculous Historians, including meme posts, uh, you know, musings on 505 00:30:37,160 --> 00:30:40,520 Speaker 1: all kinds of historical subjects, and you know, it's just 506 00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:43,080 Speaker 1: a genuinely good group of folks. So we really recommend 507 00:30:43,080 --> 00:30:46,400 Speaker 1: you checking that out. Hot takes from Young Quizzles himself, 508 00:30:46,760 --> 00:30:49,120 Speaker 1: which is how I'm referring to the quiz turn. Yeah, 509 00:30:49,160 --> 00:30:52,400 Speaker 1: he's he's He's in there lurking pretty regularly around every corner. 510 00:30:52,440 --> 00:30:55,120 Speaker 1: You can probably even engage him in a flame war 511 00:30:55,160 --> 00:30:57,200 Speaker 1: if you if you so choose. You can also check 512 00:30:57,240 --> 00:30:59,880 Speaker 1: out every single episode we've ever done on our website, 513 00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:03,200 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History Show dot com. We are not just the show, 514 00:31:03,320 --> 00:31:06,440 Speaker 1: we are also people, and you can follow us individually 515 00:31:06,800 --> 00:31:09,600 Speaker 1: on the Internet. I am at how Now Noel Brown 516 00:31:09,680 --> 00:31:13,200 Speaker 1: on Instagram exclusively, I am at Ben Bowling on Instagram, 517 00:31:13,240 --> 00:31:16,720 Speaker 1: I am at Ben Bowling h s w uh the 518 00:31:16,960 --> 00:31:19,360 Speaker 1: the Old School House of Works head to know Why? 519 00:31:19,680 --> 00:31:23,239 Speaker 1: And on Twitter and let's see, well we've got we've 520 00:31:23,280 --> 00:31:25,960 Speaker 1: gotta get cracking on part two. We should do in 521 00:31:25,960 --> 00:31:28,760 Speaker 1: the meantime. Big thanks to super producer Casey Pegram Alex Williams, 522 00:31:28,800 --> 00:31:32,360 Speaker 1: who composed our theme, Christopher haciotas his shape lingers in 523 00:31:32,400 --> 00:31:34,480 Speaker 1: the corner, sort of like one of those aura clouds 524 00:31:34,520 --> 00:31:36,680 Speaker 1: you see. Uh, And then you've got this other shape 525 00:31:36,720 --> 00:31:39,840 Speaker 1: that sort of looms overhead like a dark rain cloud. 526 00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:42,200 Speaker 1: And that would be Jonathan's trick from the Quisters spirit 527 00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:45,400 Speaker 1: a k A. Young quizzles himself. I don't know what 528 00:31:45,480 --> 00:31:48,840 Speaker 1: I've cracking up. I like it. Also thanks to Gabe Louesier. 529 00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:51,720 Speaker 1: Where would we be without a mention of Gabe. Also 530 00:31:51,800 --> 00:31:55,160 Speaker 1: thanks to Eve's Jeff Cope, Thanks to Benjamin Leigh, and 531 00:31:55,240 --> 00:31:59,360 Speaker 1: thanks to all the historians out there who preserved this 532 00:31:59,400 --> 00:32:03,280 Speaker 1: person's store right and brought them back into the mainstream narrative. 533 00:32:03,520 --> 00:32:12,880 Speaker 1: We'll see you next time, folks. For more podcasts from 534 00:32:12,880 --> 00:32:15,640 Speaker 1: My Heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app, Apple podcast, 535 00:32:15,720 --> 00:32:17,840 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.