WEBVTT - The History of Orthodontics 0:00:01.440 --> 0:00:04.920 Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:11.119 --> 0:00:13.960 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh and there's Chuck. 0:00:14.360 --> 0:00:17.639 Jerry's here too, and we're just sitting around cutting the 0:00:17.640 --> 0:00:21.000 insides of our mouths up here on stuff you should know. 0:00:21.680 --> 0:00:24.440 Yeah, the history of orthodonture, which if I had been 0:00:24.520 --> 0:00:28.480 using my brain, would have paired this with the history 0:00:28.480 --> 0:00:32.240 of dentistry, because that's, you know, kind of makes sense. 0:00:33.360 --> 0:00:35.280 Sure, I feel like we would have had seen a 0:00:35.280 --> 0:00:38.640 real decline in listenership that week, but you know, you 0:00:38.640 --> 0:00:43.360 think so, No, just kidding, just being a punk. I 0:00:43.440 --> 0:00:45.120 remember our dentistry one was amazing. 0:00:45.280 --> 0:00:47.080 Well, and I think I don't know. I think people 0:00:47.080 --> 0:00:49.440 are interested in their. 0:00:49.240 --> 0:00:53.239 Bodies, especially when you say like that. 0:00:53.640 --> 0:00:57.520 Yeah, and then teeth and stuff, because we all have teeth, 0:00:58.240 --> 0:01:02.240 and it's interesting that bad you know, teeth, I say 0:01:02.280 --> 0:01:04.360 bad teeth. I have bad teeth, but what I mean 0:01:04.400 --> 0:01:07.920 by bad teeth is teeth that grow in in funky ways. 0:01:08.240 --> 0:01:10.280 But I'd like to kind of break that cycle as 0:01:10.280 --> 0:01:12.440 well of kind of talking about it like that, because 0:01:14.040 --> 0:01:16.360 even though I have gotten my teeth fixed, it's just 0:01:16.400 --> 0:01:18.840 because they were falling out of my head. It's not 0:01:18.959 --> 0:01:22.319 because I wanted perfect white chicklets in my mouth. And 0:01:22.400 --> 0:01:25.080 I think there's a big trend that we've seen over 0:01:25.080 --> 0:01:28.880 the past, you know, twenty years, and really I feel 0:01:28.880 --> 0:01:32.600 like even the last ten years where Hollywood, especially people 0:01:32.600 --> 0:01:37.600 in the media all have perfect, perfect, perfect teeth, and 0:01:37.880 --> 0:01:39.920 you don't have to have perfect teeth. I like teeth 0:01:39.920 --> 0:01:41.840 with a little personality. I like summer teeth. 0:01:42.520 --> 0:01:45.320 Yeah, I can't remember what they're what kind of teeth? 0:01:45.400 --> 0:01:46.440 Summer summer teeth. 0:01:46.840 --> 0:01:47.480 I've not heard that. 0:01:47.600 --> 0:01:48.680 You never heard that? Praise? 0:01:49.320 --> 0:01:50.480 No, what does it mean? 0:01:50.960 --> 0:01:52.520 Summer teeth? Summer here? Some are there? 0:01:52.880 --> 0:01:55.560 Oh, that's awesome, man, I love that. That's like a 0:01:55.720 --> 0:01:58.560 what kind of dog is that? Sooner? Sooner? One kind 0:01:58.680 --> 0:01:59.080 is another? 0:01:59.240 --> 0:02:00.120 Yeah, exactly. 0:02:01.080 --> 0:02:03.600 Yeah. They're in Japan. They have a name for like 0:02:03.640 --> 0:02:07.720 a wonky tooth. Usually it's one of your canines and 0:02:07.760 --> 0:02:10.480 it'll be like kind of pressed out or crooked or 0:02:10.480 --> 0:02:12.600 something like that. You may have one, but there's a 0:02:12.680 --> 0:02:15.760 term for it, and it's like basically a term of endearment. 0:02:16.000 --> 0:02:18.560 They just find that very cute. Here in the US, 0:02:18.720 --> 0:02:21.160 it'd be like we you would be put in some 0:02:21.200 --> 0:02:24.520 sort of like home or asylum for that yeah. 0:02:24.560 --> 0:02:27.360 I mean you get as an actor, you get news 0:02:27.480 --> 0:02:30.120 articles written about you when you don't get your thing fixed. 0:02:30.240 --> 0:02:33.440 That's how commonplace it is to just you know, the 0:02:33.480 --> 0:02:35.480 expectation to look perfect, right. 0:02:36.639 --> 0:02:40.520 And that's a big criticism of the entire field of 0:02:40.639 --> 0:02:43.800 orthodonics is, you know, they might not be the ones 0:02:43.840 --> 0:02:46.480 out there like, you know, pumping the media up like yeah, 0:02:46.919 --> 0:02:49.200 keep talking about how great teeth are supposed to be. 0:02:50.200 --> 0:02:51.880 But they're the ones who are there like, hey, come 0:02:51.919 --> 0:02:54.320 on over, we're going to fix you up. Tough to 0:02:54.320 --> 0:02:57.200 blame them for that, but the criticism goes even further 0:02:57.639 --> 0:03:01.000 because the feel of orthodonics is like, forget about all that, 0:03:01.280 --> 0:03:06.400 we're actually helping cure health issues, right, And critics of 0:03:06.440 --> 0:03:09.079 the field are like, it's not even established that there 0:03:09.120 --> 0:03:12.639 are health issues from having wonky teeth, so you guys 0:03:12.680 --> 0:03:15.080 should probably stop saying all that. In the field of 0:03:15.480 --> 0:03:18.640 orthodonic said no, yeah, I. 0:03:18.680 --> 0:03:21.760 Mean, for sure there can be health issues. We're not 0:03:21.800 --> 0:03:25.680 saying that's not possible. But I feel like it's almost 0:03:25.680 --> 0:03:28.080 a given now, especially now that I have a human 0:03:28.160 --> 0:03:32.040 child that like, yeah, you absolutely get bracest. That's just 0:03:32.040 --> 0:03:34.280 what happens. You go to the dentist. Really around six 0:03:34.360 --> 0:03:36.360 or seven years old, they say, all right, you need 0:03:36.400 --> 0:03:37.400 to go to your orthodonos. 0:03:37.440 --> 0:03:41.280 Now, I did not know that that that was not 0:03:41.400 --> 0:03:42.760 the way it was when we were young. 0:03:43.320 --> 0:03:46.920 No, I mean I had braces twice, did you. Yeah, 0:03:47.160 --> 0:03:50.440 but you know I've got bad bite. I have a 0:03:50.480 --> 0:03:54.000 host of problems. But yeah, let's dive into it, because 0:03:54.080 --> 0:03:55.800 this is not a new thing. People have always had 0:03:55.880 --> 0:04:02.360 wonky teeth. And the reason is because we have the 0:04:02.400 --> 0:04:05.920 same amount of teeth in our head that we did 0:04:06.000 --> 0:04:08.920 when we were still, you know, walking on all fours, 0:04:09.640 --> 0:04:12.800 and we began to walk upright, and the size of 0:04:12.840 --> 0:04:15.800 our our brain changed, and that meant the size of 0:04:15.840 --> 0:04:18.479 our jaw got smaller to make room for our bigger brain. 0:04:19.440 --> 0:04:22.240 It's not like they were like, all right, they whoever 0:04:22.279 --> 0:04:24.800 decides this, you know, the panel God. It's not like 0:04:25.040 --> 0:04:28.080 the god panel said all right, let's take out five 0:04:28.160 --> 0:04:30.159 or six teeth because we don't have room for him. Now. 0:04:30.920 --> 0:04:33.200 They were the same amount of teeth with less space 0:04:33.240 --> 0:04:35.400 to put them, and that's why they started coming in 0:04:35.400 --> 0:04:36.480 in all crazy ways. 0:04:36.839 --> 0:04:39.120 Yeah, just give it another one hundred thousand years, chuck, 0:04:39.120 --> 0:04:39.680 it'll work. 0:04:39.560 --> 0:04:40.640 Itself out exactly. 0:04:41.440 --> 0:04:46.000 Even more recent than that, the teeth were Orthodonics was 0:04:46.040 --> 0:04:49.760 probably not an issue for one hunter gatherers because the 0:04:49.800 --> 0:04:53.520 diet they had was more much more challenging to their 0:04:53.600 --> 0:04:56.760 teeth and jaw, the bone that held their teeth in 0:04:56.800 --> 0:04:59.400 place because of the chewing they had to do well. 0:04:59.480 --> 0:05:02.760 Since we picked up agriculture, and especially since the Industrial 0:05:02.800 --> 0:05:07.960 Revolution where we started mass processing food, everything's gotten much softer. 0:05:08.520 --> 0:05:13.599 So we're challenging the bone in our jaw less. Therefore 0:05:14.400 --> 0:05:19.080 our teeth are more prone to go wonky rather than 0:05:19.120 --> 0:05:20.040 coming in straight. 0:05:20.200 --> 0:05:24.120 Yeah, and less bone is happening there. So I mean 0:05:24.160 --> 0:05:27.240 that's the history of my teeth is bone loss and 0:05:27.520 --> 0:05:28.360 lack of bone. 0:05:28.920 --> 0:05:32.640 Hey man, I just got two root canals. I was 0:05:32.760 --> 0:05:36.400 in the chair for two and the dentist was like, 0:05:36.520 --> 0:05:38.800 you could go either way. On the one it just 0:05:38.839 --> 0:05:41.320 got a lot of cold sensitivity, and I was like, oh, 0:05:41.360 --> 0:05:44.000 I'll just get one. Spent the next couple of days 0:05:44.040 --> 0:05:46.560 like realizing how bad the cold sensitivity on the other 0:05:46.600 --> 0:05:49.520 one was. The following week I got the other one done. Yeah, 0:05:49.560 --> 0:05:52.400 so two fridays in a row, I went to the 0:05:52.480 --> 0:05:55.440 endodontis and got root canals. How about that? 0:05:55.800 --> 0:05:58.680 Yeah, I've never had a root canal. Weirdly, that's the 0:05:58.680 --> 0:05:59.560 one thing I haven't had. 0:06:00.160 --> 0:06:04.400 They're they're not fun, but they're well they're not fun. 0:06:04.600 --> 0:06:09.200 Yeah. So early on, you know, in ancient times, people 0:06:09.320 --> 0:06:11.479 started to kind of look at this issue. In fact, 0:06:11.560 --> 0:06:16.039 Hippocrates even wrote of crowded teeth potentially producing headaches and 0:06:16.080 --> 0:06:18.880 problems with the palette and stuff like that discharge from 0:06:18.880 --> 0:06:21.880 the ear, which is super gross. And there were have 0:06:21.920 --> 0:06:24.880 been mummies, like Egyptian mummies that look like they may 0:06:24.920 --> 0:06:26.560 have had some kind of braces, Like they had these 0:06:26.600 --> 0:06:29.160 gold bands around some of their teeth and they were 0:06:29.200 --> 0:06:33.360 connected with catgut and it appeared as if they were, 0:06:33.400 --> 0:06:35.320 you know, being kind of used like braces to pull 0:06:35.360 --> 0:06:37.159 the teeth in one direction or the other. 0:06:37.960 --> 0:06:42.000 Yep, which is I mean pretty interesting. Again, this is 0:06:42.160 --> 0:06:46.040 post agriculture, so don't don't email us. Yeah. And also 0:06:46.080 --> 0:06:48.960 there's good band and album name in there, Hippocrates and 0:06:49.040 --> 0:06:52.440 the Egyptian mummies. The album is discharged from the ear. 0:06:52.720 --> 0:06:57.120 Oh god, okay, just waiting for us. 0:06:57.240 --> 0:06:58.799 Yeah, good one. 0:06:59.000 --> 0:07:02.600 There was another couple people from the ancient world, Celsus, 0:07:02.640 --> 0:07:06.480 who was a Roman writer. He talked about how if 0:07:06.520 --> 0:07:09.320 you were worried about adult teeth coming in. You pluck 0:07:09.400 --> 0:07:11.880 the baby tooth out and then press it with your 0:07:11.880 --> 0:07:14.760 finger every day. Yeah, And it turned out that was 0:07:14.760 --> 0:07:17.080 a pretty good idea because that was adopted later on 0:07:17.160 --> 0:07:20.240 in Orthodontrea when it really became a thing, and even 0:07:20.320 --> 0:07:22.800 Pliny got in on it. Remember how much he used 0:07:22.800 --> 0:07:24.280 to visit us in our podcast. 0:07:24.360 --> 0:07:26.080 Yeah, I mean I feel like Planning used to be 0:07:26.200 --> 0:07:29.160 a firm entrant into the stuff you should know drinking game. 0:07:29.640 --> 0:07:32.360 Yeah. Well he moved on to the dough boys. Oh okay, 0:07:32.800 --> 0:07:35.720 but he said that if you don't like the alignment 0:07:35.800 --> 0:07:37.440 of your teeth, just file them. 0:07:38.160 --> 0:07:40.440 Yeah, which is still a thing. 0:07:41.480 --> 0:07:44.760 It is. That's another I think thing that I'm like, wait, really, 0:07:44.760 --> 0:07:47.320 you guys are still doing this, And it's true, like 0:07:47.400 --> 0:07:50.600 a lot of the inventions and techniques and ideas that 0:07:50.920 --> 0:07:54.720 came along from the very beginning of orthodontire are I 0:07:54.720 --> 0:07:56.320 guess they got them right right out of the gate, 0:07:56.320 --> 0:07:57.840 because they're still doing them today. 0:07:58.040 --> 0:08:00.680 Yeah. For sure. I've had my teeth down in a 0:08:00.680 --> 0:08:02.640 lot of ways to keep the bite from pressing on 0:08:02.720 --> 0:08:04.800 other teeth, to make them, you know, keep them from 0:08:04.840 --> 0:08:06.200 becoming weakend. You know, still a thing. 0:08:06.480 --> 0:08:07.320 How is that. 0:08:08.640 --> 0:08:10.120 What to get them filed? 0:08:10.880 --> 0:08:12.120 Does it hurt? Is it fir? Oh? 0:08:12.160 --> 0:08:14.440 No, no, no, it doesn't hurt at all. It's just 0:08:14.480 --> 0:08:18.680 that only. Yeah, and then you smell the smoke and 0:08:18.880 --> 0:08:20.880 you know that part's all horrific. But there's no pain 0:08:20.920 --> 0:08:22.600 in ball because they're not hitting nerves or anything. 0:08:22.800 --> 0:08:27.000 Okay, yeah, Now imagine doing that through the middle interior 0:08:27.040 --> 0:08:31.320 of the tooth to scrape out the root to the nerve. 0:08:32.400 --> 0:08:33.320 That's a root canal. 0:08:33.400 --> 0:08:36.640 Oh man, so sorry, sorry. 0:08:37.440 --> 0:08:40.360 So I guess really the first person, i mean, plain 0:08:40.440 --> 0:08:42.480 of the elder, makes a pretty good case, but not really. 0:08:42.559 --> 0:08:45.360 It wasn't until the very beginning of the eighteenth century 0:08:45.800 --> 0:08:49.320 that a Frenchman, the French, would actually really have a 0:08:49.360 --> 0:08:53.359 lot to do with establishing orthodontire. Same was Pierre Fauchard, 0:08:54.160 --> 0:08:56.920 and he basically said, check this out, everybody, I'm going 0:08:56.960 --> 0:08:59.480 to work on wonky teeth. I'm gonna make my name 0:09:00.120 --> 0:09:00.800 that for that. 0:09:01.200 --> 0:09:04.920 Yeah, for sure, And as it is today, children and 0:09:04.960 --> 0:09:08.160 young adults were kind of the likeliest candidates for that, 0:09:08.880 --> 0:09:13.160 and he designed the very first appliances for moving teeth around. 0:09:14.520 --> 0:09:16.720 The first thing he would do is measure the length 0:09:16.720 --> 0:09:19.600 of the teeth and file them down if they were 0:09:19.640 --> 0:09:21.520 you know, if he had one that was exceptionally longer, 0:09:21.520 --> 0:09:23.680 then it's little buddy next to it. He would file 0:09:23.720 --> 0:09:25.199 it down, then do so on the other side to 0:09:25.240 --> 0:09:29.160 kind of balance things out. That's called bite adjustment. Like 0:09:29.160 --> 0:09:32.080 I said, they still do those, including on me. That's 0:09:32.160 --> 0:09:39.360 an occlusional occlusal sorry, equilibration. Equilibration, Yeah, that's not an 0:09:39.400 --> 0:09:43.559 easy one. And again that's to I mean, sometimes I 0:09:43.600 --> 0:09:46.920 guess it's to help out the aesthetic, but in my case, 0:09:46.920 --> 0:09:50.920 and in most cases, it's to keep teeth from grinding 0:09:51.000 --> 0:09:53.080 against another tooth in a way that causes harm. 0:09:53.800 --> 0:09:58.080 Yeah, I've realized it as an adult. My bite is 0:09:58.320 --> 0:10:03.240 way over to the I guess the bottom is Yeah, 0:10:03.280 --> 0:10:06.040 the bottoms to the right and to the left. Is 0:10:06.040 --> 0:10:06.640 that what it's called? 0:10:06.720 --> 0:10:07.000 I think? 0:10:07.040 --> 0:10:10.400 So, Oh my man, I got a terrible cross bite. 0:10:10.679 --> 0:10:12.680 But I mean, I'm I'm making my way in the 0:10:12.679 --> 0:10:17.000 world today. Takes everything I've got, but I'm still able 0:10:17.040 --> 0:10:17.920 to chew pretty well. 0:10:18.160 --> 0:10:19.400 Yeah, Yeah, that's what matters. 0:10:19.920 --> 0:10:24.080 Sure. So let's talk a little bit more about Fauchard, 0:10:24.120 --> 0:10:27.040 because he hasn't left yet. He's he really kind of 0:10:27.040 --> 0:10:30.560 got into this and laid the groundwork. He did the 0:10:30.600 --> 0:10:34.600 same thing that Pliny suggested that, like you said, you 0:10:34.679 --> 0:10:38.680 went to the same procedure. He called it inner proximal stripping, 0:10:39.040 --> 0:10:41.800 which is essentially just filing down teeth to make more 0:10:41.800 --> 0:10:42.719 space between them. 0:10:43.280 --> 0:10:45.560 Yeah, Like if if it's crooked, give it a little 0:10:45.559 --> 0:10:48.079 more space and maybe it'll be able to straighten itself out. 0:10:48.400 --> 0:10:51.680 Yeah, Or like you can file it down for the 0:10:51.720 --> 0:10:54.640 space and then you apply some sort of appliance to 0:10:54.679 --> 0:10:57.080 it too, straighten that tooth too, But you gotta make 0:10:57.120 --> 0:10:57.880 the space first. 0:10:58.080 --> 0:11:00.600 He came up with that, yeah. Or what he did 0:11:00.720 --> 0:11:03.720 was was push on the teeth, just like Celsus suggested, 0:11:04.679 --> 0:11:07.120 like every day, you know, and this you know, this 0:11:07.160 --> 0:11:10.040 makes sense. It's essentially what rubber bands and braces do. 0:11:11.360 --> 0:11:15.160 Just you're applying pressure to your teeth at a regular interval, 0:11:15.320 --> 0:11:18.440 like so many times a day and so many the 0:11:18.520 --> 0:11:21.280 ideas that they will move right. 0:11:21.559 --> 0:11:24.360 And it's true. Like that's one of the amazing things 0:11:24.360 --> 0:11:26.520 to me, is like if you apply even like a 0:11:26.600 --> 0:11:30.000 gentle bit of pressure over a long enough time span, 0:11:30.280 --> 0:11:34.000 your teeth will go where you want them to. Yeah. 0:11:34.040 --> 0:11:38.160 So one of the other reasons why Fauchard is remembered 0:11:38.240 --> 0:11:41.880 is because he essentially came up with the idea for braces. 0:11:43.040 --> 0:11:48.040 He basically used a waxed piece of silk or a 0:11:48.080 --> 0:11:52.120 wire or something, and he would wrap a tooth that's say, 0:11:52.160 --> 0:11:55.640 crooked to the neighbor next to it, and that would 0:11:55.679 --> 0:11:58.800 apply pressure to straighten out the crooked tooth. I'm sure 0:11:58.840 --> 0:12:01.439 in the worst case scenario make the other tooth crooked 0:12:01.760 --> 0:12:03.400 in the bar again, so you really had to keep 0:12:03.400 --> 0:12:06.520 an eye on it. Yeah, and sometimes he would use 0:12:06.520 --> 0:12:10.480 a plate too to connect a crooked tooth to one 0:12:10.520 --> 0:12:12.760 that you wanted to use a pressure, maybe a couple 0:12:12.800 --> 0:12:14.920 of them to use his pressure to straighten it out. 0:12:15.200 --> 0:12:19.040 And this eventually was like, this is the basis of 0:12:19.080 --> 0:12:21.760 what braces do for your teeth. This guy was inventing 0:12:21.800 --> 0:12:24.560 it in the early seventeen hundreds. 0:12:24.720 --> 0:12:28.280 Yeah. He also used a specific torture device called a pelican. 0:12:29.240 --> 0:12:31.640 It had been around before, I think since the at 0:12:31.720 --> 0:12:34.000 least the fourteenth century. It was used for pulling teeth, 0:12:34.040 --> 0:12:37.400 but he kind of rejiggered it and redesigned it to 0:12:37.440 --> 0:12:41.840 where it was basically a forcep that could pull a tooth. 0:12:43.480 --> 0:12:45.880 Pull a tooth like, not out of your body, but 0:12:45.960 --> 0:12:49.480 in a certain direction, and if it sounds like awful 0:12:49.520 --> 0:12:51.160 and could lead to bad things, that very much could, 0:12:51.200 --> 0:12:54.880 because at least once on record, he fractured a tooth 0:12:55.559 --> 0:12:57.320 of a young woman that he was working on, and 0:12:57.360 --> 0:12:59.640 I imagine that was extremely unpleasant. 0:13:00.040 --> 0:13:02.360 I can't believe there's just the one that people mention, 0:13:02.520 --> 0:13:02.880 you know, I. 0:13:02.880 --> 0:13:04.439 Mean, that's the one on record. I'm sure it happened 0:13:04.440 --> 0:13:05.080 more than that, you know. 0:13:05.240 --> 0:13:11.640 Yeah, the girl was quoted as saying, yeow exactly. He 0:13:11.760 --> 0:13:14.320 also was smart enough to know that you could get 0:13:14.360 --> 0:13:18.000 infections from some of these techniques and procedures he was performing, 0:13:18.040 --> 0:13:22.240 so he recommended a mouthwash of wine and a specific 0:13:22.320 --> 0:13:25.319 kind of honey with some rose essence to it. Yeah. 0:13:26.320 --> 0:13:29.400 I mean, this guy just he just laid it down. 0:13:29.480 --> 0:13:32.440 And what's interesting is he was doing this in the 0:13:32.480 --> 0:13:36.440 early seventeen hundreds, and it wasn't really until the mid 0:13:36.600 --> 0:13:39.600 nineteenth century that really started to become picked up again. 0:13:40.160 --> 0:13:46.240 And one reason why is because we viewed teeth much differently, 0:13:46.679 --> 0:13:49.880 at least in the West, than we do today. Like 0:13:49.960 --> 0:13:52.320 you were saying, thanks to Hollywood and magazines and all that, 0:13:52.360 --> 0:13:53.720 you want to show off your teeth and you're going 0:13:53.760 --> 0:13:57.600 to be perfect. Back then, you did not show off 0:13:57.640 --> 0:14:01.360 your teeth. It was grossly impolite to let anyone see 0:14:01.360 --> 0:14:03.520 your teeth. Go back and look at any portrait from 0:14:03.559 --> 0:14:06.679 the eighteenth century. I will pay you a dollar fifty 0:14:06.880 --> 0:14:10.680 if you find one single portrait of a gentry or 0:14:10.800 --> 0:14:14.440 aristocrat man or woman who's showing their teeth in a painting. 0:14:14.600 --> 0:14:17.480 You can't find it because that was really rude and 0:14:18.040 --> 0:14:18.679 day class a. 0:14:19.080 --> 0:14:22.520 Yeah, I mean almost any painting you think about, like, 0:14:22.640 --> 0:14:24.840 it didn't occur to me until I, you know, did 0:14:24.880 --> 0:14:29.240 this research and you go to any museum, and if 0:14:29.240 --> 0:14:33.480 you see teeth, it's probably to depict someone who is unhinged, 0:14:34.040 --> 0:14:37.960 or like a prisoner escaping from prison, or someone a pirate, Yeah, 0:14:38.000 --> 0:14:40.520 a pirate or an asylum or something like that, and 0:14:40.560 --> 0:14:43.080 the teeth are all, you know, jacked up looking. Other 0:14:43.160 --> 0:14:45.280 than that, you don't see teeth in paintings. 0:14:45.520 --> 0:14:48.600 You don't a dollar fifty everybody. Yeah, but just to 0:14:48.640 --> 0:14:50.000 one of you, not all of you. 0:14:50.480 --> 0:14:53.520 Oh man, we're gonna get some. It's gonna start rolling in, 0:14:53.560 --> 0:14:57.920 Buddy Jpeggs coming at you with toothie paintings. 0:14:58.160 --> 0:15:00.560 Should we take a break, Yeah, we should take a break. 0:15:00.600 --> 0:15:02.360 All right, we'll take a break and we're gonna jump 0:15:02.400 --> 0:15:04.120 forward into the eighteen hundreds after this. 0:15:05.720 --> 0:15:27.000 So, like I said, Fauchard was working in the early 0:15:27.080 --> 0:15:30.080 seventeen hundreds. By the mid nineteenth century, I guess people's 0:15:30.080 --> 0:15:32.680 thoughts on teeth were changing and they were like, Okay, 0:15:32.680 --> 0:15:34.880 we can show our teeth, but think I'll look good. 0:15:35.160 --> 0:15:39.920 So let's get back into orthodonture. Another Frenchman, Pierre joaquim 0:15:40.080 --> 0:15:42.720 Le Foulon, he's the one who came up with the 0:15:42.760 --> 0:15:48.120 word orthodonyx, actually called it orthodontice. You have to say 0:15:48.160 --> 0:15:52.560 it like that. And in Greek, ortho means straight, Dante 0:15:52.680 --> 0:15:56.920 is teeth, So straight teeth is what the word orthodonyx means. 0:15:57.200 --> 0:16:00.640 You know, I love that when that happens the too, Yeah, 0:16:00.680 --> 0:16:06.160 when I can't even have follow that. So they didn't 0:16:06.200 --> 0:16:09.840 call themselves that yet in most cases at the time. 0:16:09.840 --> 0:16:11.440 That kind of caught on more and more as things 0:16:11.440 --> 0:16:15.760 went on, But dentists started to do this stuff. They 0:16:15.760 --> 0:16:18.720 weren't like specialists that only did orthodontics. Yet it was 0:16:18.760 --> 0:16:22.520 just part of dentistry, and too, straightening was part of dentistry, 0:16:22.920 --> 0:16:25.080 and you were an apprentice who learned that kind of thing. 0:16:25.840 --> 0:16:29.160 Dental colleges started being organized in the mid nineteenth century. 0:16:29.200 --> 0:16:34.800 But I mean when was the first orthod's orthodontire school? 0:16:34.920 --> 0:16:37.400 That was in the twentieth century, right. 0:16:37.600 --> 0:16:40.520 Yeah, either the very beginning of the twentieth or the 0:16:40.680 --> 0:16:45.600 very early or no, yeah, very late nineteenth century. I 0:16:45.680 --> 0:16:47.920 think it was an angle. 0:16:47.760 --> 0:16:50.640 Yeah, nineteen hundreds. The Angle school of orthodontia was the 0:16:50.680 --> 0:16:53.640 first sort of standalone thing where it wasn't just part 0:16:53.720 --> 0:16:56.040 of a dental school precisely, all. 0:16:56.000 --> 0:17:00.800 Right, So some of the other advancements that thenineteenth century 0:17:00.920 --> 0:17:04.040 contributed it can all be kind of lumped together under 0:17:04.040 --> 0:17:08.600 the umbrella term of headgear or uh uh if you're 0:17:08.640 --> 0:17:13.640 a teenager, which is you're using your skull and the 0:17:13.680 --> 0:17:18.000 substance of your skull as a as a Oh, I mean, 0:17:18.040 --> 0:17:20.560 I wish I knew classical physics terms a little better, 0:17:20.560 --> 0:17:25.760 but essentially sure, Yes, an anchor, a counterbalance, how about 0:17:25.800 --> 0:17:31.000 that to provide the pressure needed to pull, say, like 0:17:31.080 --> 0:17:34.680 your jaw back. There's something called the chin cup that 0:17:34.760 --> 0:17:37.240 you can use. I've actually seen modern pictures of it 0:17:37.320 --> 0:17:41.680 still in use in some cases to where there's a well, 0:17:41.720 --> 0:17:44.480 the cup for your chin. There's straps that go back 0:17:44.520 --> 0:17:46.600 to the back of your head and around it, and 0:17:46.640 --> 0:17:50.000 it's meant to just slowly, over time pull your lower 0:17:50.119 --> 0:17:54.320 jaw back towards your well, you're the rest of your head, 0:17:54.880 --> 0:17:57.520 and it can correct an underbyte. And that's as far 0:17:57.560 --> 0:17:59.639 back as I think eighteen oh two. 0:18:00.320 --> 0:18:01.960 I love that idea, though they were like, oh, we 0:18:02.000 --> 0:18:04.480 need some kind of like, we need some leverage to 0:18:04.520 --> 0:18:06.280 pull this jaw back, and we can't just have a 0:18:06.359 --> 0:18:09.399 kid stand by a wall and attach them to a wall. 0:18:09.920 --> 0:18:13.200 And somebody's like, well, what about their skull? Yeah, it's 0:18:13.240 --> 0:18:13.640 right there. 0:18:14.280 --> 0:18:15.800 Somebody went bam. 0:18:16.680 --> 0:18:20.080 They don't use headgear as much anymore. Like you said, 0:18:20.119 --> 0:18:23.639 it still can be used, but not like it was 0:18:23.760 --> 0:18:27.040 used in the eighties. Luckily I never had to go 0:18:27.080 --> 0:18:31.760 through the head gear trauma, but it was quite dramatic 0:18:31.760 --> 0:18:33.240 when you showed up to school having to wear one 0:18:33.280 --> 0:18:33.560 of those. 0:18:33.840 --> 0:18:36.480 Yeah remember farmer Ted from sixteen Candles, He had to 0:18:36.520 --> 0:18:37.120 wear one. 0:18:37.000 --> 0:18:39.479 Farmer Ted and I think, oh, no, junk Usuck had 0:18:39.520 --> 0:18:40.560 the neck brace. 0:18:40.880 --> 0:18:43.480 Yes, yeah, okay, I thought that too, but no, it 0:18:43.520 --> 0:18:46.160 was neck brace. There's a couple other people we need 0:18:46.200 --> 0:18:49.680 to mention. Another French dentist Christophe Francois de la bar 0:18:50.280 --> 0:18:53.240 He created the wire crib, which was I think we 0:18:53.320 --> 0:18:55.920 said Fouchard was the one who really kind of started 0:18:55.920 --> 0:19:00.399 the idea of braces. There's a distinct progression of linear 0:19:00.440 --> 0:19:04.840 progression from Fouchard onward and de la Barr came up 0:19:04.840 --> 0:19:08.159 with the wire crib, which is essentially exactly what it 0:19:08.200 --> 0:19:12.679 sounds like. Like you take a piece of chicken wire, 0:19:13.200 --> 0:19:16.560 fowl it over like the teeth in question, tighten it 0:19:16.640 --> 0:19:18.800 up the way you want it, and there's your wire crib. 0:19:19.280 --> 0:19:23.000 It's not exactly like the braces of today, but the outline, 0:19:23.040 --> 0:19:24.800 the contours are there in it for sure. 0:19:25.119 --> 0:19:28.120 Yeah. It started to become in the nineteenth I guess 0:19:28.160 --> 0:19:30.560 the second half of the nineteenth century a little more scientific, 0:19:30.640 --> 0:19:33.040 and they started to kind of put a little more 0:19:33.320 --> 0:19:35.879 rigor into like, you know, figuring out how to do 0:19:35.920 --> 0:19:39.040 this the right way. A guy named Norman Kingsley from 0:19:39.080 --> 0:19:42.800 New York City, it was a very early, very popular orthodonist. 0:19:43.160 --> 0:19:44.920 He had a treatment for cleft pallets. It was very 0:19:44.920 --> 0:19:48.960 popular and wrote a very influential guide called a Treatise 0:19:49.040 --> 0:19:52.879 on Oral Deformities in eighteen eighty. But and this is 0:19:53.000 --> 0:19:54.760 something that you mentioned early on that will kind of 0:19:54.840 --> 0:19:57.119 keep talking about a little bit here and there, is 0:19:57.160 --> 0:20:00.399 that he was an artist and he was very interested 0:20:00.440 --> 0:20:04.480 in facial symmetry and aesthetic. So he was, if not 0:20:04.560 --> 0:20:07.000 the first, one of the sort of early leading guys 0:20:07.040 --> 0:20:09.600 that was like, we want you to look good, and 0:20:09.800 --> 0:20:12.720 it may not just be about like your bite health. 0:20:13.119 --> 0:20:17.320 Right exactly exactly. He was also supposed to be really nice. 0:20:17.359 --> 0:20:18.280 He had a compliment for. 0:20:18.280 --> 0:20:20.200 Everyone he met, Oh that's nice. 0:20:20.840 --> 0:20:23.080 So I just made that up, but I want to 0:20:23.119 --> 0:20:26.560 believe it about it. So there's some other stuff that 0:20:26.680 --> 0:20:28.880 kind of came along little by little. They were like, oh, okay, 0:20:28.960 --> 0:20:31.199 well let's tackle this. One thing that you can be 0:20:31.240 --> 0:20:36.000 born with is a narrow maxillary arch. That is the 0:20:36.119 --> 0:20:41.639 jawline on the top of your mouth. The row of 0:20:41.680 --> 0:20:45.719 your row of top teeth are connected to your maxillary arch. 0:20:45.920 --> 0:20:48.119 Yeah about that, the roof of your mouth, yeah, the 0:20:48.200 --> 0:20:52.160 lower set of teeth is connected to the mandibular arch. 0:20:52.520 --> 0:20:54.720 Either way, you can be born with one or both 0:20:54.760 --> 0:20:57.399 of them narrowed. So they figured out you can put 0:20:57.760 --> 0:21:02.400 essentially an appliance of stick in between them and adjust 0:21:02.440 --> 0:21:07.200 it slowly but surely over time. And press your jaw apart. 0:21:08.400 --> 0:21:11.000 Yeah, I mean that is still a thing. My daughter 0:21:11.080 --> 0:21:14.280