1 00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:06,800 Speaker 1: Cuckoo Seattle. We're coming to see you. Yes, and your 2 00:00:06,840 --> 00:00:08,960 Speaker 1: little horn announcement is one of my favorite things that 3 00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:11,960 Speaker 1: you do because I know it means we're going to 4 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:14,400 Speaker 1: do a live show. And in this case, we're going 5 00:00:14,480 --> 00:00:18,040 Speaker 1: to the great state of Washington, the greatest city in 6 00:00:18,079 --> 00:00:22,240 Speaker 1: the United States, Seattle, at the greatest theater in the world. 7 00:00:22,560 --> 00:00:25,239 Speaker 1: The more the more we're going back. It's like our 8 00:00:25,280 --> 00:00:27,760 Speaker 1: home away from home in Seattle. We're going to be 9 00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:32,040 Speaker 1: there Thursday, January six, and tickets are already on sale 10 00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:37,680 Speaker 1: and they're going like like uh Washington hot cakes fast. Yeah, 11 00:00:37,720 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 1: they're going like chew car cherries. And you know what, 12 00:00:39,880 --> 00:00:41,199 Speaker 1: if you want to save the few bucks, I think 13 00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:43,480 Speaker 1: you can even go to the box office there buy 14 00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:47,040 Speaker 1: them without those internet fees. Yes, Or if you don't 15 00:00:47,080 --> 00:00:48,680 Speaker 1: care and you just want to buy them on the internet, 16 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:51,360 Speaker 1: you can go to s y s K live dot 17 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:53,720 Speaker 1: com and follow the links there and it will take 18 00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:55,880 Speaker 1: you right to the beautiful ticket site. And also, f 19 00:00:56,040 --> 00:00:58,600 Speaker 1: y I, if you go to buy tickets in person, 20 00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:00,360 Speaker 1: you want to go to the box office of the 21 00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:04,440 Speaker 1: Paramount Theater downtown, not the more the Paramount. We'll see 22 00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:08,280 Speaker 1: you guys in January. Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, 23 00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:16,960 Speaker 1: a production of My Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, 24 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:20,000 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles 25 00:01:19,959 --> 00:01:23,080 Speaker 1: so Be, Chuck Bryant, There's guest producer Andrew. This is 26 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:28,319 Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know. Let's get this a I'm excited 27 00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:33,160 Speaker 1: about this one. This was your your pick and I 28 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:37,520 Speaker 1: was like, what is Chuck talking about? Were you really yes? 29 00:01:37,640 --> 00:01:40,360 Speaker 1: And then Chuck I happened to stumble upon I don't 30 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:42,880 Speaker 1: know what I was looking for, but an email from 31 00:01:42,920 --> 00:01:47,080 Speaker 1: somebody who sent like a Google doc or something that's 32 00:01:47,440 --> 00:01:50,560 Speaker 1: that was a list of episodes we said we should do, 33 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:54,120 Speaker 1: and people have said those in before, but this one 34 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:56,480 Speaker 1: was kind of condensed and that was on there. So 35 00:01:56,520 --> 00:01:59,800 Speaker 1: I've I've stumbled upon your dirty little secret. I don't 36 00:01:59,800 --> 00:02:02,600 Speaker 1: think that's where I got it. Oh really, I don't 37 00:02:02,600 --> 00:02:06,560 Speaker 1: think so. But maybe I just know that I am 38 00:02:06,600 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 1: always fascinated by not only New York City, but by 39 00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:15,920 Speaker 1: the fact that New York City functions with that many 40 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:19,120 Speaker 1: people and all that everything. It's just all amazing to 41 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:22,080 Speaker 1: me that that city functions with that many people, that 42 00:02:22,120 --> 00:02:24,360 Speaker 1: many buildings, that like I want to do an episode 43 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:30,040 Speaker 1: on trash removal. Okay, I want to do one on 44 00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:33,160 Speaker 1: on wastewater treatment. Yeah, oh yeah, that's just New York 45 00:02:33,200 --> 00:02:37,200 Speaker 1: in general. That's been long brewing. Are you okay with that? Yeah? 46 00:02:37,600 --> 00:02:40,280 Speaker 1: Just just I mean we can mention New York or whatever. 47 00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:44,960 Speaker 1: Big thanks to Dave Rouse, though, one of our great writers. 48 00:02:44,960 --> 00:02:47,959 Speaker 1: They put this together and it's really really fascinating. Dave's 49 00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:51,160 Speaker 1: just an amazing human. All of our writers are amazing, 50 00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:53,720 Speaker 1: for sure. Dave is great as well. He's one of 51 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:58,760 Speaker 1: a few select amazing people. Right. So, um, the reason 52 00:02:58,840 --> 00:03:02,079 Speaker 1: why New York, why anybody would ask about New York's 53 00:03:02,120 --> 00:03:05,440 Speaker 1: water is because if you've ever interacted with the New Yorker, 54 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:08,720 Speaker 1: they talk about their water a lot. It's like kind 55 00:03:08,760 --> 00:03:10,920 Speaker 1: of a thing in New York where they're like, our 56 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:13,800 Speaker 1: tap water is the best water in the country, and 57 00:03:13,840 --> 00:03:17,640 Speaker 1: they have like a lot of um stuff to back 58 00:03:17,680 --> 00:03:20,000 Speaker 1: that up with, and so much so that that that 59 00:03:20,120 --> 00:03:23,480 Speaker 1: they say this this water is actually the reason why 60 00:03:23,560 --> 00:03:26,840 Speaker 1: our bagels and our pizza are so good. Yeah, I was. 61 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:29,160 Speaker 1: We were both just there for our final shows of 62 00:03:29,160 --> 00:03:31,519 Speaker 1: the year at the Bellhouse. Thanks for people who came out. 63 00:03:32,320 --> 00:03:35,040 Speaker 1: They were great, a lot of fun and by the 64 00:03:35,040 --> 00:03:37,320 Speaker 1: way the guy that fell asleep on the front row 65 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:41,960 Speaker 1: on night number two, I think it was nine number two. 66 00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:45,360 Speaker 1: I was walking down the street and he randomly passed 67 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:49,360 Speaker 1: by driving in a car and rolled down his window 68 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:53,400 Speaker 1: and said, hey man. He said great show the other night, right, 69 00:03:53,440 --> 00:03:54,960 Speaker 1: And I was waiting for him to say, is that 70 00:03:55,080 --> 00:03:57,560 Speaker 1: Freedom Rock? And I said thanks dude. I was like 71 00:03:57,600 --> 00:03:59,920 Speaker 1: front row And he was so excited that I remember 72 00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:03,520 Speaker 1: front Row and he drove on before I had a 73 00:04:03,600 --> 00:04:08,160 Speaker 1: chance to say, you fell asleep. He's like, I feel 74 00:04:08,160 --> 00:04:10,600 Speaker 1: like I was there. Maybe I felt like a dream too, 75 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:14,400 Speaker 1: I don't know, but um, we were just there. And uh, 76 00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:17,960 Speaker 1: there are many many restaurants in New York where there 77 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:21,000 Speaker 1: will be like a water cooler or a place where 78 00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:22,880 Speaker 1: you can help yourself to your own cup of water, 79 00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:25,760 Speaker 1: and it will have a big sign on it that 80 00:04:25,880 --> 00:04:29,920 Speaker 1: says New York City tap water and proud all caps 81 00:04:30,760 --> 00:04:34,440 Speaker 1: underlined letters yeah, and and they mean like they're just 82 00:04:34,440 --> 00:04:37,000 Speaker 1: getting water out of the tap, Whereas in other cities 83 00:04:37,320 --> 00:04:40,080 Speaker 1: that's a dirty, shameful secret that people don't talk about. 84 00:04:40,720 --> 00:04:44,719 Speaker 1: In New York, they proudly boast about it. And um, 85 00:04:45,080 --> 00:04:48,600 Speaker 1: that just the fact that New York or any New 86 00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:53,760 Speaker 1: Yorker in the city gets water at all is pretty spectacular. 87 00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:55,960 Speaker 1: It's like you said, there's a lot of people, there's 88 00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:58,680 Speaker 1: a lot of buildings, and something like more than a 89 00:04:58,720 --> 00:05:02,160 Speaker 1: billion gallon ends of water flow into New York through 90 00:05:02,200 --> 00:05:06,479 Speaker 1: the taps every day, I said day with the d yes. 91 00:05:06,520 --> 00:05:09,120 Speaker 1: It is the largest water system in the United States. 92 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:15,640 Speaker 1: People from all over the world government officials fly in 93 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:19,960 Speaker 1: and take meetings with the New York City water people 94 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:23,280 Speaker 1: just to see, like, how have you done it? They're 95 00:05:23,320 --> 00:05:26,520 Speaker 1: just a goog how could we do better? So so 96 00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:29,600 Speaker 1: that's impressive enough that a billion, more than a billion 97 00:05:29,640 --> 00:05:32,719 Speaker 1: gallons of water is delivered every day to New Yorkers 98 00:05:32,800 --> 00:05:35,960 Speaker 1: pretty great. But the idea that you can just drink 99 00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:42,000 Speaker 1: it straight from the tap and it is unfiltered, that 100 00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:46,640 Speaker 1: is a truly impressive feat. Yeah. And by unfiltered, we 101 00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:52,520 Speaker 1: mean of the water is unfiltered and ten is filtered. Right, 102 00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:54,839 Speaker 1: And you might say, look, how can you just filter 103 00:05:55,760 --> 00:05:58,280 Speaker 1: of the water. Well, it comes from different places. So 104 00:05:59,360 --> 00:06:02,880 Speaker 1: of the water comes from two places, two watersheds that 105 00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:07,160 Speaker 1: combined are called the Catskill Delaware Watershed or water system 106 00:06:07,200 --> 00:06:09,520 Speaker 1: I think um and then the other one from the 107 00:06:09,640 --> 00:06:13,039 Speaker 1: Crow Croton. I always want to say crow towing, but 108 00:06:13,120 --> 00:06:16,600 Speaker 1: from the Croton Reservoir, that ten percent is actually filtering. 109 00:06:16,680 --> 00:06:21,159 Speaker 1: We'll get into all of that, but of New York's 110 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:24,360 Speaker 1: water is not It doesn't go through a filtering process, 111 00:06:24,960 --> 00:06:27,719 Speaker 1: and that makes New York one of only five major 112 00:06:27,800 --> 00:06:30,360 Speaker 1: cities in the United States to get a waiver from 113 00:06:30,360 --> 00:06:32,240 Speaker 1: the e p A that says your water is so 114 00:06:32,320 --> 00:06:36,960 Speaker 1: deliciously pure and delightful that you don't need to filter it. 115 00:06:37,400 --> 00:06:40,120 Speaker 1: Um Almost every other city has to have a filtering 116 00:06:40,160 --> 00:06:42,960 Speaker 1: process before it gets delivered to taps. That's right. And 117 00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:47,160 Speaker 1: the other four naturally Seattle, Portland, or against San Francisco. 118 00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:51,279 Speaker 1: The one that's a bit of a surprise is Boston, Massachusetts. 119 00:06:51,800 --> 00:06:57,720 Speaker 1: What that's that's that's how surprising it is, Chuck. That's right. 120 00:06:58,040 --> 00:07:00,240 Speaker 1: So let's talk a little bit about the history of 121 00:07:00,440 --> 00:07:03,440 Speaker 1: New York in their water, because back in the day, 122 00:07:03,440 --> 00:07:07,520 Speaker 1: we've always talked about how what a disgusting, disease ridden 123 00:07:08,160 --> 00:07:12,520 Speaker 1: poop and horse urine ridden place New York City was. Yeah, 124 00:07:12,600 --> 00:07:15,119 Speaker 1: like supposedly there was a good twelve inches of horse 125 00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:18,880 Speaker 1: maneuver on the street at all times before they before 126 00:07:18,920 --> 00:07:22,000 Speaker 1: they really started cleaning their place up. It's pretty bad. 127 00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:25,680 Speaker 1: I think that was in the Wynn Chries Typhoid Merry episode, 128 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:28,520 Speaker 1: which is a great one. Another great New York episode. 129 00:07:28,880 --> 00:07:32,480 Speaker 1: So if we're talking New Amsterdam, pre New York City. Uh, 130 00:07:32,520 --> 00:07:35,000 Speaker 1: they got water where you would think from ponds and 131 00:07:35,280 --> 00:07:39,560 Speaker 1: natural springs, underwater springs, and they had a forty eight 132 00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:43,960 Speaker 1: acre pond it's about sixty ft deep, uh in Tribeca 133 00:07:44,080 --> 00:07:47,520 Speaker 1: what is now Tribeca called the Collect and also the 134 00:07:47,560 --> 00:07:50,880 Speaker 1: little Collect that was just south of there. Uh. And 135 00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:55,200 Speaker 1: that name comes from the Dutch word kulk, which means 136 00:07:55,240 --> 00:07:58,680 Speaker 1: small body of water. And the Collect was where they 137 00:07:58,720 --> 00:08:00,240 Speaker 1: got their water for a long time. And of the 138 00:08:00,240 --> 00:08:05,840 Speaker 1: city let Uh, some tanners built a tannery on the 139 00:08:05,880 --> 00:08:10,240 Speaker 1: shores of the not smart New York which ruined everything. Yeah, 140 00:08:10,280 --> 00:08:13,840 Speaker 1: because it started to get polluted. They also were able 141 00:08:13,880 --> 00:08:17,240 Speaker 1: to drill wells and stuff around places where people pooped 142 00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:20,360 Speaker 1: and pete and then dumped their poop and pee. Um. 143 00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:23,320 Speaker 1: It was a dirty, dirty place. Because this is pretty 144 00:08:23,360 --> 00:08:26,040 Speaker 1: germ theory, or at least around the time the germ 145 00:08:26,080 --> 00:08:29,400 Speaker 1: theory was being developed and people didn't understand it. Um. 146 00:08:29,560 --> 00:08:32,200 Speaker 1: And I think it was our great stink episode where 147 00:08:32,559 --> 00:08:36,760 Speaker 1: they traced to cholera epidemic to a public well, um 148 00:08:36,800 --> 00:08:40,360 Speaker 1: a public water pump. John Snow, if I remember correctly, 149 00:08:40,360 --> 00:08:42,280 Speaker 1: did that, and this would have been around the time 150 00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:45,320 Speaker 1: that New Yorkers were suffering from cholera epidemics, one of 151 00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:48,439 Speaker 1: which took place, and they think the eighteen thirties, eighteen 152 00:08:48,480 --> 00:08:52,319 Speaker 1: thirty two. It killed thirty New Yorkers and that was 153 00:08:52,360 --> 00:08:55,840 Speaker 1: a substantial amount of of the population at the time, 154 00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:59,240 Speaker 1: and another hundred thousand New Yorkers had to flee just 155 00:08:59,280 --> 00:09:02,560 Speaker 1: to get away from this caller epidemic. And it was 156 00:09:02,640 --> 00:09:06,480 Speaker 1: because their sewage and their water was coexisting in very 157 00:09:06,559 --> 00:09:10,360 Speaker 1: unhealthy ways. So New York said, maybe we should try 158 00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:13,120 Speaker 1: something else. Let's look a little further outside the city 159 00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:15,160 Speaker 1: where we're dumping our waists and everything, and see if 160 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:17,280 Speaker 1: we can get our water from there. And they did. 161 00:09:17,320 --> 00:09:20,080 Speaker 1: They built the Croton Reservoir. They dammed the river and 162 00:09:20,360 --> 00:09:23,280 Speaker 1: reservoir collected and they said, now we have some beautiful 163 00:09:23,320 --> 00:09:26,080 Speaker 1: pure water. We will never need to do anything again 164 00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:29,600 Speaker 1: to get our water. That's right. Previous to that, though, 165 00:09:29,640 --> 00:09:32,280 Speaker 1: in the eighteenth century, they had these public pumps like 166 00:09:32,320 --> 00:09:35,560 Speaker 1: you were talking about on street corners about every four 167 00:09:35,600 --> 00:09:38,840 Speaker 1: blocks or so a big wooden pump where you would 168 00:09:38,840 --> 00:09:43,280 Speaker 1: get your water from uh underground underground streams and springs 169 00:09:43,280 --> 00:09:46,240 Speaker 1: and stuff. But there were only a few of these 170 00:09:46,840 --> 00:09:48,920 Speaker 1: that actually delivered good water. A lot of it was 171 00:09:48,960 --> 00:09:53,880 Speaker 1: really brackish and gross tasting. And Americans and early European 172 00:09:53,880 --> 00:09:57,600 Speaker 1: settlers obviously loved their tea, and so they marked this 173 00:09:57,640 --> 00:10:00,720 Speaker 1: was almost like an early yelp or whatever. They had 174 00:10:00,760 --> 00:10:03,440 Speaker 1: these pumps that actually delivered the like the two or 175 00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:06,000 Speaker 1: three good pumps in the city that delivered good water 176 00:10:06,360 --> 00:10:08,839 Speaker 1: labeled tea water pumps, but like it was good enough 177 00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:11,360 Speaker 1: to use for tea, good enough to use for making 178 00:10:11,360 --> 00:10:13,840 Speaker 1: good tea, and so they would go to these tea 179 00:10:13,840 --> 00:10:16,280 Speaker 1: water pumps. You would have to buy the water. Um. 180 00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:20,680 Speaker 1: The best one was apparently at Chathaman Roosevelt there was 181 00:10:20,720 --> 00:10:23,040 Speaker 1: another and sort of what the Lower East Side is 182 00:10:23,080 --> 00:10:26,080 Speaker 1: today that was a good tea water pump. And this 183 00:10:26,120 --> 00:10:31,040 Speaker 1: worked out for a long time until uh, the uh 184 00:10:31,160 --> 00:10:33,160 Speaker 1: the collect and all this stuff it started to sort 185 00:10:33,200 --> 00:10:36,880 Speaker 1: of um get nasty and stinky, and so they built 186 00:10:36,880 --> 00:10:41,079 Speaker 1: a canal to channel that water into the river. Like that, 187 00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:42,719 Speaker 1: we gotta get rid of it and drain this thing. 188 00:10:43,480 --> 00:10:46,320 Speaker 1: So they build this canal forty ft wide, they channel it. 189 00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:48,880 Speaker 1: Right after they finish it, this canal begins to sink 190 00:10:49,880 --> 00:10:52,640 Speaker 1: and in one it got so bad. The smell was 191 00:10:52,720 --> 00:10:55,400 Speaker 1: so bad that they eventually just covered up the canal. 192 00:10:56,080 --> 00:11:00,720 Speaker 1: And guess what that became. I don't know, Central Park, 193 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:07,120 Speaker 1: Canal Street. Oh, how about that? So stupid? How wasn't 194 00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:10,040 Speaker 1: even in the right part of the city. We've even 195 00:11:10,080 --> 00:11:13,880 Speaker 1: done an episode on Central Park and that wouldn't forget it. Yes, 196 00:11:13,880 --> 00:11:16,280 Speaker 1: Canal Street obviously, that's where Canal Street came from. There 197 00:11:16,320 --> 00:11:19,439 Speaker 1: was literally a canal and then eventually an underground sewage 198 00:11:19,440 --> 00:11:23,160 Speaker 1: system under running under Canal Street. Uh. And there's another 199 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:25,520 Speaker 1: cool little tidbit if you want, like your little New 200 00:11:25,600 --> 00:11:27,400 Speaker 1: York history, if you like to walk around on subways 201 00:11:27,400 --> 00:11:30,480 Speaker 1: and tell people about cool things. Um. One of the 202 00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:33,440 Speaker 1: first public reservoirs in the city was dug by Aaron 203 00:11:33,520 --> 00:11:38,360 Speaker 1: Burr and his Manhattan company, and that didn't work out. 204 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:42,080 Speaker 1: They transported it through wooden logs as pipes bury beneath 205 00:11:42,080 --> 00:11:45,560 Speaker 1: the city. Somebody found a piece of that wooden log. 206 00:11:45,640 --> 00:11:47,679 Speaker 1: It's in one of the museums up there. Now, Oh, 207 00:11:47,720 --> 00:11:51,040 Speaker 1: no way, Yeah, that is very cool. But the water 208 00:11:51,080 --> 00:11:53,959 Speaker 1: didn't taste great and it didn't work out for Aaron Burr, 209 00:11:54,040 --> 00:11:57,600 Speaker 1: so he uh change. He still kept the Manhattan Company, 210 00:11:57,600 --> 00:12:00,079 Speaker 1: but he got into banking, and the Manhattan Company he 211 00:12:00,120 --> 00:12:03,920 Speaker 1: became Chase Manhattan Bank. I saw somewhere that that was 212 00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:06,840 Speaker 1: his aim all along, that the water thing was just 213 00:12:07,040 --> 00:12:10,000 Speaker 1: basically a fleece to raise money to found the lake, 214 00:12:10,360 --> 00:12:14,040 Speaker 1: and that that's why the water was so shoddy and 215 00:12:14,080 --> 00:12:16,320 Speaker 1: the delivery was so shoddy. But what they were selling 216 00:12:16,360 --> 00:12:18,880 Speaker 1: was so bad supposedly the horses wouldn't even drink it, 217 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:21,200 Speaker 1: so it was a scam. It was basically a scam. 218 00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:26,400 Speaker 1: Aaron Burr was not the greatest historical American shot Alexander 219 00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:29,560 Speaker 1: Hamilton's I know that that's enough right there, right, And 220 00:12:29,600 --> 00:12:33,160 Speaker 1: then also scammed a bunch of people out of their 221 00:12:33,200 --> 00:12:37,240 Speaker 1: their um water investment, because I mean, if you want 222 00:12:37,240 --> 00:12:38,760 Speaker 1: to invest in a bank, you want to invest in 223 00:12:38,800 --> 00:12:40,800 Speaker 1: a bank. If you want to invest in a water outfit, 224 00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:43,280 Speaker 1: you want to invest in a water outfit. You want 225 00:12:43,320 --> 00:12:45,520 Speaker 1: people to be above the boards with stuff like that. 226 00:12:45,520 --> 00:12:50,440 Speaker 1: That's right, that's my tirade. So you mentioned the Croton 227 00:12:50,600 --> 00:12:53,559 Speaker 1: Dam and the Croton Reservoir. I want to say crotone 228 00:12:53,600 --> 00:12:58,040 Speaker 1: as well. Uh, that became and that aqueduct became operational 229 00:12:58,679 --> 00:13:02,480 Speaker 1: and things were okay, but then a tragedy struck with 230 00:13:02,520 --> 00:13:05,480 Speaker 1: the Great Fire of eighteen thirty five. Yes, which actually 231 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:08,200 Speaker 1: I guess that the Great Fire took place right before 232 00:13:08,320 --> 00:13:12,000 Speaker 1: the reservoir was open, which is why the Great bad. Yeah. 233 00:13:12,280 --> 00:13:16,000 Speaker 1: So in eighteen thirty five, Uh, in on a night 234 00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:20,280 Speaker 1: in December, a warehouse caught fire and it just leveled 235 00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:25,960 Speaker 1: Lower Manhattan, like just destroyed something like, um, seventeen city blocks, 236 00:13:26,320 --> 00:13:29,480 Speaker 1: fifty acres of the most densely populated part of New 237 00:13:29,520 --> 00:13:33,800 Speaker 1: York at the time, and um, luckily only two people died. 238 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:37,760 Speaker 1: Two is too too many, But considering that it was 239 00:13:37,840 --> 00:13:41,480 Speaker 1: seventeen city blocks that got reduced to ash, that's not 240 00:13:41,640 --> 00:13:45,320 Speaker 1: bad actually, especially considering that the way that they ended 241 00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:48,960 Speaker 1: up fighting this fire was by setting buildings on the 242 00:13:48,960 --> 00:13:51,920 Speaker 1: perimeter on fire because they didn't have the amount of 243 00:13:51,920 --> 00:13:55,240 Speaker 1: water that they needed. Yeah, that the reason for that. 244 00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:57,000 Speaker 1: It was just sort of really bad luck. There were 245 00:13:57,000 --> 00:14:01,240 Speaker 1: two smaller fires that drained our hour. Like I'm a 246 00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:03,840 Speaker 1: New Yorker, listen to me, You're an honorary New Yorker. 247 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:07,080 Speaker 1: I would guess it drained the cisterns, the reserve cisterns 248 00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:09,800 Speaker 1: that they had, and because of those two smaller fires, 249 00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:12,320 Speaker 1: they didn't have enough to fight the Great Fire. And 250 00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:14,160 Speaker 1: the long and short of all of this is New 251 00:14:14,200 --> 00:14:16,680 Speaker 1: York said, we got to really speed up this Croton 252 00:14:16,720 --> 00:14:19,680 Speaker 1: Reservoir work. Yep, and they did. And so the Croton 253 00:14:19,720 --> 00:14:22,520 Speaker 1: Reservoir was brought online in the middle of the nineteenth 254 00:14:22,520 --> 00:14:26,640 Speaker 1: century and they had a big old parade and everything, um, 255 00:14:26,680 --> 00:14:32,400 Speaker 1: and it delivered something like ninety million gallons of delicious 256 00:14:32,440 --> 00:14:35,880 Speaker 1: pure water to New York. Um in the in the 257 00:14:35,880 --> 00:14:38,120 Speaker 1: middle of the nineteenth century was a really big deal 258 00:14:38,480 --> 00:14:40,720 Speaker 1: and it worked really well for a very long time. 259 00:14:40,760 --> 00:14:43,720 Speaker 1: But um, there was also they built the murray Hill 260 00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:48,200 Speaker 1: Reservoir so the the the Croton Reservoir would be where 261 00:14:48,200 --> 00:14:50,440 Speaker 1: the water collected up state. And then they build an 262 00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:53,800 Speaker 1: aqueduct system which is still around in parts today and 263 00:14:53,920 --> 00:14:57,760 Speaker 1: elevated aqueduct to what's called the murray Hill Reservoir, which 264 00:14:57,760 --> 00:15:02,160 Speaker 1: is a four acre above ground swimming pool. Basically, it's 265 00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:05,040 Speaker 1: pretty cool if you look at pictures. Yeah, yeah, it's 266 00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:07,840 Speaker 1: it was like a real um spot in the city. 267 00:15:08,040 --> 00:15:12,360 Speaker 1: While it was around, I think something. Untill eighty two, 268 00:15:13,280 --> 00:15:15,400 Speaker 1: it was around and people used to take strolls around 269 00:15:15,440 --> 00:15:17,440 Speaker 1: it and make paintings of it and that kind of thing. 270 00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:20,200 Speaker 1: And it is where the New York Public Library is 271 00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:23,520 Speaker 1: now today, where the Ghostbusters did some of their early work. 272 00:15:24,280 --> 00:15:27,720 Speaker 1: All right, right, but the the it worked really well 273 00:15:27,880 --> 00:15:30,480 Speaker 1: for for you know, the time. But then as New 274 00:15:30,560 --> 00:15:33,440 Speaker 1: York grew and grew and grew, it became very painfully 275 00:15:33,440 --> 00:15:37,200 Speaker 1: obvious yet again that New York had outgrown its water supply. Yeah, 276 00:15:37,240 --> 00:15:42,240 Speaker 1: they needed more water. Ninety million gallons a day wasn't enough. Uh. 277 00:15:42,280 --> 00:15:47,640 Speaker 1: And then what made matters worse was New York City 278 00:15:47,680 --> 00:15:51,120 Speaker 1: officially made it a declaration that we are now not 279 00:15:51,240 --> 00:15:54,200 Speaker 1: just Lower Manhattan. Of course, they didn't call Lower Manhattan 280 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:56,440 Speaker 1: at the time. That was just sort of where the 281 00:15:56,440 --> 00:16:00,840 Speaker 1: city ended. They called it Manahatta Manhatta. I saw that episode, 282 00:16:00,840 --> 00:16:02,800 Speaker 1: by the way, it was one of the better ones ever, 283 00:16:03,080 --> 00:16:06,040 Speaker 1: which one of think of what we do in the dark, 284 00:16:06,400 --> 00:16:09,880 Speaker 1: that's right where they go to party in Manhattan. Man 285 00:16:09,960 --> 00:16:13,080 Speaker 1: I had a um, what we do in the shadows? 286 00:16:13,520 --> 00:16:17,480 Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, yeah, um, so stupid, that's all right. The 287 00:16:17,520 --> 00:16:22,520 Speaker 1: five boroughs were included in officially, so New York um 288 00:16:22,560 --> 00:16:24,560 Speaker 1: and the water needed to get to the people was 289 00:16:24,640 --> 00:16:28,720 Speaker 1: officially uh grown to more than three million people by 290 00:16:28,760 --> 00:16:33,160 Speaker 1: the time the century turned right, which is just precious today. 291 00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:36,000 Speaker 1: Three million New Yorkers, Oh my gosh, they do. So 292 00:16:36,200 --> 00:16:38,320 Speaker 1: they started to look up state again because they had 293 00:16:38,400 --> 00:16:41,680 Speaker 1: hit upon like a pretty good idea. The city is 294 00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:44,720 Speaker 1: is a cess pool. Um, we need our water from 295 00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:47,720 Speaker 1: outside of the cess pool. And they started looking up state. 296 00:16:47,840 --> 00:16:50,040 Speaker 1: So this time they looked up to the cat Skills 297 00:16:50,560 --> 00:16:53,200 Speaker 1: and they found two watersheds, which we did an episode 298 00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:55,600 Speaker 1: on watersheds that I would love to forget, but it 299 00:16:55,640 --> 00:16:58,400 Speaker 1: came up just now. I thought it was good. Oh man, 300 00:16:58,440 --> 00:17:00,720 Speaker 1: it was horrendous. What was it? Yes, I thought it 301 00:17:00,760 --> 00:17:05,280 Speaker 1: was terrible and boring January. I don't remember when it 302 00:17:05,320 --> 00:17:06,919 Speaker 1: came out. Like I said, I tried to forget that 303 00:17:06,920 --> 00:17:09,639 Speaker 1: it ever happened. I thought it was pretty good. But anyway, So, 304 00:17:09,720 --> 00:17:16,840 Speaker 1: a watershed is basically a specific topographical air area where rain, snow, 305 00:17:17,119 --> 00:17:21,359 Speaker 1: whatever precipitation falls down into this area and is delivered 306 00:17:21,400 --> 00:17:25,879 Speaker 1: to a specific creek, river stream, something like that that 307 00:17:25,960 --> 00:17:28,679 Speaker 1: eventually and empties into like a lake or a reservoir 308 00:17:28,760 --> 00:17:31,800 Speaker 1: or something like that. So there's two watersheds, the Delaware 309 00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:35,880 Speaker 1: and the Catskill Watershed that put together create something like 310 00:17:36,480 --> 00:17:41,640 Speaker 1: um two thousand square miles of water catching goodness, and 311 00:17:41,840 --> 00:17:44,720 Speaker 1: it delivers it to a number of different reservoirs. And 312 00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:49,200 Speaker 1: that is now today where New York gets like its water. Yeah. 313 00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:51,280 Speaker 1: So you know, obviously they had too damn up rivers 314 00:17:51,680 --> 00:17:54,679 Speaker 1: to create these reservoirs. And this all happened to, you know, 315 00:17:54,760 --> 00:17:58,160 Speaker 1: in the early nineteen hundreds. And then finally they were like, great, 316 00:17:58,200 --> 00:18:01,480 Speaker 1: We've got all these reservoirs and the skills. But let 317 00:18:01,480 --> 00:18:04,480 Speaker 1: me remind you, we're on the lower eas side of Manhattan, 318 00:18:05,119 --> 00:18:09,719 Speaker 1: surrounded by horse, hearon and and poop. We need our 319 00:18:09,760 --> 00:18:12,560 Speaker 1: fresh water. How do we get it here? So in 320 00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:17,520 Speaker 1: the engineers of New York City completed the ninety two 321 00:18:17,600 --> 00:18:23,480 Speaker 1: mile cat Skill Aqueduct, which is amazing. It's basically a 322 00:18:23,640 --> 00:18:29,480 Speaker 1: big concrete tunnel that sends water two miles from the 323 00:18:29,520 --> 00:18:32,359 Speaker 1: cats Skills down to New York. It's as wide as 324 00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:36,159 Speaker 1: thirty feet in some places. It is not a tunnel 325 00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:39,000 Speaker 1: the entire length as we will see here in a minute. 326 00:18:39,240 --> 00:18:42,160 Speaker 1: Not a continuous tunnel. I'm not sure what that means. 327 00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:45,280 Speaker 1: What is it just like open. So there's parts of 328 00:18:45,280 --> 00:18:48,159 Speaker 1: it that aren't technically a tunnel in that it's a 329 00:18:48,400 --> 00:18:51,160 Speaker 1: covered trench. They cut a trench and then they covered 330 00:18:51,160 --> 00:18:52,959 Speaker 1: it back up, which I don't know how you do that, 331 00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:57,600 Speaker 1: but it's not technically a tunnel like a circle or tube. Interesting, 332 00:18:57,720 --> 00:18:59,240 Speaker 1: And here is to me one of the facts of 333 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:01,840 Speaker 1: the show. You get this water down there in the 334 00:19:01,880 --> 00:19:05,119 Speaker 1: aqueduct and you get to the Hudson River, and what 335 00:19:05,160 --> 00:19:09,000 Speaker 1: are you gonna do? You gotta go under it. To me, 336 00:19:09,040 --> 00:19:10,879 Speaker 1: it just be like just pump it in the Hudson 337 00:19:10,920 --> 00:19:13,960 Speaker 1: and hope it comes out the other side. But then 338 00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:17,560 Speaker 1: I would have gotten fired immediately when I he's no engineer, 339 00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:23,480 Speaker 1: he's a shamp he's a rapscallion. So it gets to 340 00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:26,960 Speaker 1: the Hudson River and then it goes way down into 341 00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:30,920 Speaker 1: the ground, about eleven feet below sea level and then 342 00:19:30,960 --> 00:19:33,880 Speaker 1: climbs back up the other side. And it does all 343 00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:38,080 Speaker 1: this via gravity. Yes, and they did that not just 344 00:19:38,119 --> 00:19:41,639 Speaker 1: to show off, but because they decided. I read this awesome, 345 00:19:41,880 --> 00:19:44,240 Speaker 1: you know how I'm always like read the contemporary articles. 346 00:19:44,640 --> 00:19:47,640 Speaker 1: I read one from seven where they were talking about 347 00:19:47,680 --> 00:19:50,600 Speaker 1: the construction of the aqueduct and they said that the 348 00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:53,879 Speaker 1: reason why they were going down that far is because 349 00:19:53,880 --> 00:19:57,200 Speaker 1: they wanted to hit bedrock because it would be fisher free, 350 00:19:57,400 --> 00:20:00,119 Speaker 1: meaning there would be no leakage and they could just 351 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:02,199 Speaker 1: pumped the water through the hole that they board in 352 00:20:02,280 --> 00:20:04,200 Speaker 1: the bedrock. Well. They thought the bedrock was going to 353 00:20:04,240 --> 00:20:07,560 Speaker 1: be about five feet down, and by seven when they 354 00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:11,040 Speaker 1: wrote the Scientific American article, they'd reached like seven feet 355 00:20:11,080 --> 00:20:13,400 Speaker 1: still hadn't hit it. It ended up being like eleven 356 00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:17,280 Speaker 1: hundred feet below sea level where they finally hit bedrock. 357 00:20:17,320 --> 00:20:19,480 Speaker 1: And that's why they had to drill so far down. 358 00:20:20,040 --> 00:20:24,320 Speaker 1: And they drilled a tunnel, a vertical shaft from the 359 00:20:25,359 --> 00:20:29,240 Speaker 1: from the Hudson down to that tunnel, and they built 360 00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:33,359 Speaker 1: like a tube to pressurize it. So the water even 361 00:20:33,800 --> 00:20:37,040 Speaker 1: feet under the Hudson is that like fifteen tons per 362 00:20:37,080 --> 00:20:40,480 Speaker 1: square foot of pressure, which also helps. But the fact 363 00:20:40,480 --> 00:20:42,639 Speaker 1: that there's no pumps or anything, it's all gravity and 364 00:20:42,640 --> 00:20:46,760 Speaker 1: pressure driven. Yes, And sadly though, that story has a 365 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:50,639 Speaker 1: sad ending because it took so long that their fisher 366 00:20:50,720 --> 00:20:53,480 Speaker 1: free and oh three T shirts were all rendered useless. 367 00:20:55,280 --> 00:21:01,800 Speaker 1: What No, I don't know. That's a great joke. I'm 368 00:21:01,800 --> 00:21:04,040 Speaker 1: gonna go back and listen to it and I'll probably 369 00:21:04,080 --> 00:21:09,720 Speaker 1: think it's hilarious, So compliments on it in advance. Oh man, 370 00:21:10,200 --> 00:21:16,360 Speaker 1: that was a quality joke. Three got you? Okay, sure, sure, yeah, yeah, yeah, 371 00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:18,399 Speaker 1: I got you? All right, I got you. We're all 372 00:21:18,400 --> 00:21:21,720 Speaker 1: together now, Okay, that was a pretty good joke. Uh geez. 373 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:24,399 Speaker 1: Should we take a break after that? Yeah, all right, 374 00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:26,399 Speaker 1: let's take a break. We'll talk a little bit more 375 00:21:26,440 --> 00:21:47,240 Speaker 1: about this so called aqueduct right after this stuff you 376 00:21:47,240 --> 00:22:07,880 Speaker 1: should know, gosh and shuck stuff you should know. Okay, chuck. 377 00:22:07,960 --> 00:22:12,520 Speaker 1: So we've got the Catskill Aqueduct delivering water. Um. There's 378 00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:17,639 Speaker 1: another one too, called the um the Delaware Aqueduct. And 379 00:22:17,680 --> 00:22:20,280 Speaker 1: this one actually is like a genuine tunnel. Yes, it's 380 00:22:20,320 --> 00:22:24,120 Speaker 1: eighty five miles, completed in forty four. I'm not gonna 381 00:22:24,160 --> 00:22:27,479 Speaker 1: make a T shirt joke about that, and it is 382 00:22:27,920 --> 00:22:32,200 Speaker 1: still the longest continuous tunnel in the world at eighty 383 00:22:32,200 --> 00:22:35,239 Speaker 1: five miles. And they did this all, you know, just 384 00:22:35,320 --> 00:22:39,080 Speaker 1: this digging process is amazing in and of itself, digging 385 00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:43,600 Speaker 1: these tunnels and these trenches with steam shovels and pouring 386 00:22:43,640 --> 00:22:46,399 Speaker 1: the concrete tunnel, which I was like, how do you 387 00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:49,600 Speaker 1: do that? Even you do the bottom half, let it set, 388 00:22:49,640 --> 00:22:52,160 Speaker 1: and then you do the top half and let that's set. 389 00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:54,959 Speaker 1: So they were like Charles Bronson in The Great Escape, 390 00:22:55,359 --> 00:22:57,879 Speaker 1: they were digging tunnels. Yeah, I mean we're talking like 391 00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:00,600 Speaker 1: dynamite and stuff like that. Like the really did it 392 00:23:00,640 --> 00:23:03,160 Speaker 1: the old school way to build these aqueducts, and they're 393 00:23:03,200 --> 00:23:06,040 Speaker 1: still in use today, so much so that there's there's 394 00:23:06,080 --> 00:23:09,280 Speaker 1: three tunnels. Tunnel number one and tunnel number two have 395 00:23:09,359 --> 00:23:12,800 Speaker 1: been in operation since nineteen seventeen and nineteen thirty six. 396 00:23:13,920 --> 00:23:17,520 Speaker 1: They've never stopped operating. They've never been stopped up and 397 00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:21,080 Speaker 1: drained and inspected in over a hundred years. For tunnel 398 00:23:21,160 --> 00:23:24,520 Speaker 1: number one, Yeah, I think the current memo going around 399 00:23:24,600 --> 00:23:28,280 Speaker 1: is I'm sure it's fine. Well, so they're building tunnel 400 00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:31,480 Speaker 1: number three, and they decided to start building tunnel number 401 00:23:31,480 --> 00:23:34,919 Speaker 1: three nineteen fifty four. They actually started in nineteen seventy. 402 00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:38,480 Speaker 1: They are still not done with Tunnel number three. Parts 403 00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:41,480 Speaker 1: of it are online, and when it does fully come online, 404 00:23:41,800 --> 00:23:44,679 Speaker 1: tunnel number three will have a capacity enough so that 405 00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:48,280 Speaker 1: they can individually stop and drain and inspect and repair 406 00:23:48,400 --> 00:23:51,760 Speaker 1: Tunnel number one and then eventually tunnel number two. Tunnel 407 00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:54,919 Speaker 1: number three. Yeah, tonnel tunnel number three will will save 408 00:23:55,560 --> 00:23:57,560 Speaker 1: the other two. And it's good that they're doing it now. 409 00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:00,240 Speaker 1: But I saw that it's gonna be fully operation all 410 00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:05,720 Speaker 1: in one. They think, so we're almost there. Almost man. Yeah, 411 00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:10,320 Speaker 1: it's the New York's longest running municipal project. Uh five 412 00:24:10,359 --> 00:24:13,560 Speaker 1: billion dollar price tags so far and counting, I guess. 413 00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:17,440 Speaker 1: And then those three tunnels are two, and however many 414 00:24:17,680 --> 00:24:22,720 Speaker 1: parts of three are working deliver one point three gallons 415 00:24:22,760 --> 00:24:28,160 Speaker 1: of water a day through a network of mainz and 416 00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:34,360 Speaker 1: then individual pipes leading to apartments and homes and businesses 417 00:24:35,080 --> 00:24:38,200 Speaker 1: and skyscrapers, and all of those pipes, if you total 418 00:24:38,280 --> 00:24:42,720 Speaker 1: them up, would lay out about seven thousand miles. That's 419 00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:45,240 Speaker 1: pretty impressive. I would also like to point out that 420 00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:47,880 Speaker 1: I think you met one point three billion gallons? Would 421 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:52,480 Speaker 1: I say? One point three gallons? Really? Which should be 422 00:24:52,560 --> 00:24:55,360 Speaker 1: hilarious that they went to all this trouble, spend all 423 00:24:55,400 --> 00:24:58,120 Speaker 1: this money and they're like, we can crank out one 424 00:24:58,760 --> 00:25:02,040 Speaker 1: three gallons a day, New York. Gather around and get 425 00:25:02,040 --> 00:25:05,120 Speaker 1: your water. I was still thinking about my T shirt joke. 426 00:25:06,480 --> 00:25:09,359 Speaker 1: It's a good joke. And here's the kicker to another 427 00:25:09,359 --> 00:25:12,119 Speaker 1: great fact of the show. Only five of all of 428 00:25:12,160 --> 00:25:16,080 Speaker 1: the city's water relies on pumps to get to its 429 00:25:16,160 --> 00:25:19,720 Speaker 1: final destination, which it means your tap. It's pretty awesome. Yeah, 430 00:25:19,840 --> 00:25:22,600 Speaker 1: so that means that it can't break down or if 431 00:25:22,640 --> 00:25:25,520 Speaker 1: something does happen, they still have things like gravity to 432 00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:29,879 Speaker 1: help things along. It's great. So um. The reason why 433 00:25:30,040 --> 00:25:33,040 Speaker 1: the e p A gave New York a um a 434 00:25:33,040 --> 00:25:35,920 Speaker 1: waiver and said you don't have to filter the water 435 00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:38,600 Speaker 1: coming from the cat skill in the Delaware water sheds 436 00:25:39,040 --> 00:25:42,399 Speaker 1: is because because Juliani Greece, the palms of the e 437 00:25:42,520 --> 00:25:46,240 Speaker 1: p A. Exactly it started well, it started out is 438 00:25:46,320 --> 00:25:50,679 Speaker 1: so pure and pristine and just great um water to 439 00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:53,920 Speaker 1: begin with, but they have taken steps along the way 440 00:25:53,960 --> 00:25:56,639 Speaker 1: to ensure that it stayed that way. Because one of 441 00:25:56,640 --> 00:26:00,560 Speaker 1: the things that happened with the Croton Reservoir is development 442 00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:03,399 Speaker 1: was allowed to grow up around it. Um, agriculture was 443 00:26:03,440 --> 00:26:07,280 Speaker 1: allowed to pollute it. Um. It just got it turned. 444 00:26:07,640 --> 00:26:09,159 Speaker 1: And after that the e p A, I think in 445 00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:12,760 Speaker 1: the nineties the late nineties, said yep, you guys have 446 00:26:12,800 --> 00:26:16,320 Speaker 1: to start filtering that water. It's no longer unfilterable. Um. 447 00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:19,560 Speaker 1: It's it's it's not drinkable as is. So they had 448 00:26:19,640 --> 00:26:21,840 Speaker 1: to start filtering. It used to be a hundred percent 449 00:26:21,880 --> 00:26:26,320 Speaker 1: of New York's water was unfiltered that Croton Reservoir now 450 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:29,800 Speaker 1: is ten percent that is filtered. But but so they 451 00:26:30,040 --> 00:26:32,640 Speaker 1: learned a valuable lesson from that, and now they're very 452 00:26:32,640 --> 00:26:37,239 Speaker 1: proactive in keeping the Delaware and cat Skill Reservoir or 453 00:26:37,359 --> 00:26:43,080 Speaker 1: um watershed water from becoming corrupted by things like development 454 00:26:43,119 --> 00:26:45,840 Speaker 1: and agriculture. Yeah. And but you know, the lesson they 455 00:26:45,920 --> 00:26:48,840 Speaker 1: learned is money. Because you might be thinking, like, what's 456 00:26:48,840 --> 00:26:51,120 Speaker 1: a big deal, why don't they just filter all of it. 457 00:26:51,119 --> 00:26:53,119 Speaker 1: It's a lot cheaper to take care of the land 458 00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:55,600 Speaker 1: and make sure you never have to filter it than 459 00:26:55,640 --> 00:26:59,080 Speaker 1: to install a filtering plant. Yeah, because they estimate that 460 00:26:59,119 --> 00:27:02,360 Speaker 1: a filtering plant would cost something like ten billion dollars 461 00:27:02,440 --> 00:27:04,440 Speaker 1: up front and then a hundred million dollars a year 462 00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:08,280 Speaker 1: to operate. New York is spending something like one billion 463 00:27:08,320 --> 00:27:13,000 Speaker 1: dollars every several years to protect them, the Delaware and 464 00:27:13,040 --> 00:27:16,040 Speaker 1: the Catskill watersheds. So it is an enormous investment. But 465 00:27:16,119 --> 00:27:20,000 Speaker 1: also it's great because it's natural water that's unfiltered. Yeah. 466 00:27:20,040 --> 00:27:21,800 Speaker 1: And you know, they do this in a number of ways, 467 00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:25,920 Speaker 1: aside from buying up the land, which was a good 468 00:27:25,960 --> 00:27:29,160 Speaker 1: move and making sure nothing happens to it. Yep. So, 469 00:27:29,160 --> 00:27:31,920 Speaker 1: so New York City owns a lot of land up state. 470 00:27:33,359 --> 00:27:38,080 Speaker 1: Just y Yeah, it's a lot of land. Um, not 471 00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:41,080 Speaker 1: forty percent of New York State, but the property around 472 00:27:41,080 --> 00:27:45,280 Speaker 1: the Catskill and Delaware water sheds. They also did things like, hey, 473 00:27:45,359 --> 00:27:48,919 Speaker 1: let's look at all the wastewater treatment facilities upstream, and 474 00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:52,240 Speaker 1: let's invest a lot of money in upgrading those. Um. Hey, 475 00:27:52,280 --> 00:27:55,159 Speaker 1: all you people that have septic tanks that are falling apart, 476 00:27:55,760 --> 00:28:01,640 Speaker 1: that matters. So we're gonna reimburse you homeowners. Yeah that's impressive. Yeah, 477 00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:04,760 Speaker 1: install a new septic tank and we're gonna pay for it. Um. 478 00:28:04,800 --> 00:28:08,960 Speaker 1: They remove dead trees, they replace those with little sapling 479 00:28:08,960 --> 00:28:12,720 Speaker 1: trees who apparently have roots that are young and can 480 00:28:12,760 --> 00:28:15,480 Speaker 1: absorb a lot of harmful nutrients from that rain water. 481 00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:19,639 Speaker 1: And here's another good fact of the show. Some of 482 00:28:19,640 --> 00:28:22,480 Speaker 1: the water from those reservoirs or from that that watershed 483 00:28:23,359 --> 00:28:25,840 Speaker 1: can take up to a full year to make its 484 00:28:25,840 --> 00:28:27,919 Speaker 1: way down to the tap that you're drinking out of. 485 00:28:28,160 --> 00:28:30,000 Speaker 1: That's a good one. I like that one. It's almost 486 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:32,000 Speaker 1: like the how long it takes sunlight to reach us, 487 00:28:32,080 --> 00:28:34,320 Speaker 1: and we're going to say that it's the same thing. 488 00:28:34,359 --> 00:28:37,240 Speaker 1: It's the same thing. They also, did you talk about 489 00:28:37,359 --> 00:28:40,240 Speaker 1: um farmers? The only difference between those stats is you 490 00:28:40,240 --> 00:28:42,840 Speaker 1: don't have to explain what a photon is. You can 491 00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:45,480 Speaker 1: just say water, it's a tiny packet of light. It's 492 00:28:45,520 --> 00:28:49,920 Speaker 1: the the carrier of electromagnetic right. What did you ask 493 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:51,760 Speaker 1: right before that? Did you talk about the farmers how 494 00:28:51,800 --> 00:28:55,080 Speaker 1: they train farmers up state too? I did not, So 495 00:28:55,120 --> 00:28:58,920 Speaker 1: they say, hey, you hicks, you're gonna learn these techniques. 496 00:28:59,080 --> 00:29:02,040 Speaker 1: Man too. I'm just kidding. I love farmers. I would actually, 497 00:29:02,040 --> 00:29:04,800 Speaker 1: as a matter of fact, chuck when I um, when 498 00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:10,720 Speaker 1: I retire, I really really want like a small working farm, 499 00:29:10,840 --> 00:29:12,960 Speaker 1: very small, Like what do you want like a tenth 500 00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:15,360 Speaker 1: of an acre small? What kind of stuff do you 501 00:29:15,400 --> 00:29:17,480 Speaker 1: want to farm? What do you want on it? Oh? 502 00:29:17,600 --> 00:29:20,440 Speaker 1: I don't care? And yeah, oh yeah, some animals. But 503 00:29:20,560 --> 00:29:23,760 Speaker 1: it's just you know, having pigs around not to eat 504 00:29:24,280 --> 00:29:29,200 Speaker 1: or milk, but to um like basically, but to like 505 00:29:29,800 --> 00:29:34,440 Speaker 1: um to churn up like a field so that I 506 00:29:34,480 --> 00:29:36,360 Speaker 1: can plan it the next year and move the pigs 507 00:29:36,360 --> 00:29:38,600 Speaker 1: to the next part of the land. That kind of 508 00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:40,520 Speaker 1: stuff for chickens to just walk around and eat their 509 00:29:40,520 --> 00:29:43,480 Speaker 1: eggs and things like that. Some chickens, some pigs, you 510 00:29:43,520 --> 00:29:45,920 Speaker 1: want some probably a couple of goats. A couple of goats. 511 00:29:45,960 --> 00:29:48,080 Speaker 1: You want some planting? You want to farm some plants 512 00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:51,440 Speaker 1: and vegetables, sure, yeah, but mainly just to have something 513 00:29:51,520 --> 00:29:54,440 Speaker 1: to do, like with the earth. So I was a 514 00:29:54,520 --> 00:29:57,760 Speaker 1: hundred million percent teasing when I when I said that 515 00:29:58,200 --> 00:30:00,920 Speaker 1: New York was calling the farmers hex work. Probably did 516 00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:04,000 Speaker 1: call the farmer's hicks. But I wasn't condoning that. I 517 00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:06,120 Speaker 1: was just making a joke. Right, you're the guy who 518 00:30:06,160 --> 00:30:07,640 Speaker 1: wants a tenth of an acre one day to do 519 00:30:07,720 --> 00:30:10,400 Speaker 1: something on the ear, those pigs are gonna be like, 520 00:30:10,600 --> 00:30:13,240 Speaker 1: this is some pretty tight quarters around here. Oh you 521 00:30:13,280 --> 00:30:14,920 Speaker 1: know what else I would do? And I would need 522 00:30:14,960 --> 00:30:16,520 Speaker 1: more of a tenth more than a tenth of an 523 00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:18,920 Speaker 1: acre for this. Raise bees. That is where I will 524 00:30:18,960 --> 00:30:22,560 Speaker 1: eventually raise bees. It's on Josh's farm. Well, brother, you 525 00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:26,440 Speaker 1: better get some land soon, because it's it's it's leaving. 526 00:30:28,560 --> 00:30:31,560 Speaker 1: Land is leaving. Yeah, I mean it's people are buying land. 527 00:30:31,600 --> 00:30:34,640 Speaker 1: It's there's I remember my parents looking at land when 528 00:30:34,640 --> 00:30:37,200 Speaker 1: I was like ten years old, and they didn't buy it. 529 00:30:38,040 --> 00:30:40,360 Speaker 1: They said it's leaving, and it's a different deal. Now. 530 00:30:40,360 --> 00:30:42,280 Speaker 1: It's a lot harder to find the land that you want. 531 00:30:43,400 --> 00:30:46,520 Speaker 1: You know, people bought it all up. I know you 532 00:30:46,560 --> 00:30:48,200 Speaker 1: can still get it, but you gotta pay through the 533 00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:50,080 Speaker 1: nose for it. Yeah, or it's up to them if 534 00:30:50,080 --> 00:30:52,200 Speaker 1: they want to sell it or not. You know, we're 535 00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:57,920 Speaker 1: getting second right, we're getting sloppy seconds. O god, oh man, 536 00:30:58,000 --> 00:30:59,640 Speaker 1: that's gonna be one of those things that, like our 537 00:30:59,720 --> 00:31:02,480 Speaker 1: younger listeners is going to be in college, smoky pot 538 00:31:02,480 --> 00:31:04,000 Speaker 1: in a dorm room, and it'll just hit them what 539 00:31:04,080 --> 00:31:08,440 Speaker 1: you just said, like fifteen years on. Oh goodness. So 540 00:31:09,880 --> 00:31:14,160 Speaker 1: you mentioned the Croton watershed needs the filtering um and 541 00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:16,640 Speaker 1: they're trying to avoid that at all costs with the 542 00:31:16,680 --> 00:31:22,200 Speaker 1: other water sheds. But the Croton water supply when they 543 00:31:22,200 --> 00:31:24,520 Speaker 1: built this filtering system, it calls three point two billion 544 00:31:24,560 --> 00:31:26,640 Speaker 1: dollars and it's under a golf course in New Jersey, 545 00:31:27,280 --> 00:31:30,440 Speaker 1: which is so appropriate. That's where the tainted water is 546 00:31:31,160 --> 00:31:35,080 Speaker 1: under a golf course in Jersey and Bedminster perhaps sure, 547 00:31:35,160 --> 00:31:37,000 Speaker 1: I don't know what that is, but it sounds right. 548 00:31:37,440 --> 00:31:39,720 Speaker 1: I know some people would get that one mm hm. 549 00:31:40,920 --> 00:31:43,200 Speaker 1: New York's like, hey, you Hicks build a golf course 550 00:31:43,240 --> 00:31:47,080 Speaker 1: over this. New York just calls everybody else Hicks. And 551 00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:49,560 Speaker 1: it's right they do. When we can fly in say 552 00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:55,480 Speaker 1: welcome Hicks. So, um, have we taken our second break yet? No, 553 00:31:55,640 --> 00:31:57,520 Speaker 1: we probably should though there is a good time. Okay, 554 00:31:57,560 --> 00:31:59,440 Speaker 1: we're gonna take another break and we're gonna come back 555 00:31:59,440 --> 00:32:02,040 Speaker 1: and explain what New York does due to its water 556 00:32:02,160 --> 00:32:05,000 Speaker 1: and whether or not it is a secret ingredient in 557 00:32:05,160 --> 00:32:32,960 Speaker 1: bagels and pizza stuff. You should know, gosh, and shuck stuff. 558 00:32:32,960 --> 00:32:46,800 Speaker 1: You should know, alright, Chuck. So one thing that that 559 00:32:46,880 --> 00:32:49,080 Speaker 1: you're gonna want to say. If you're a New Yorker 560 00:32:49,080 --> 00:32:51,080 Speaker 1: and you're boasting about your tap water, there are some 561 00:32:51,120 --> 00:32:54,360 Speaker 1: things you should know. Number one, it's chlorinated. Number two, 562 00:32:54,400 --> 00:32:57,040 Speaker 1: it's been run through a UV filter. Even if it 563 00:32:57,080 --> 00:33:00,240 Speaker 1: hasn't been filtered, filtered, there's still things that are done 564 00:33:00,280 --> 00:33:02,440 Speaker 1: to it. It's not like it's coming straight out of 565 00:33:02,440 --> 00:33:05,080 Speaker 1: the cat skills into your tap. Yeah, they take it 566 00:33:05,240 --> 00:33:08,400 Speaker 1: very seriously. Obviously. Here's a good stat In one year, 567 00:33:09,120 --> 00:33:12,520 Speaker 1: there are more than fifteen thousand water samples taken and 568 00:33:12,600 --> 00:33:17,120 Speaker 1: analyze at the source. So this is upstream. Um, they 569 00:33:17,160 --> 00:33:21,640 Speaker 1: have uh Ai well, not AI or is it ai? 570 00:33:21,880 --> 00:33:24,800 Speaker 1: There's ai involved somehow, there always is. I always ask 571 00:33:24,880 --> 00:33:27,000 Speaker 1: if it's a I want to always ask you because 572 00:33:27,040 --> 00:33:29,480 Speaker 1: you know, sure, I know. Thanks to the End of 573 00:33:29,520 --> 00:33:32,000 Speaker 1: the World with Josh Clark. Oh, thanks for the plug. 574 00:33:32,320 --> 00:33:36,440 Speaker 1: Still available on iTunes, the I Heart Podcast app or 575 00:33:36,440 --> 00:33:39,840 Speaker 1: wherever you find your podcasts. Wow, that wasn't just a plug, 576 00:33:39,880 --> 00:33:43,120 Speaker 1: that was an ad. So they have these robotic buoys 577 00:33:43,720 --> 00:33:47,360 Speaker 1: that monitored the Kinsico Reservoir, one of the reservoirs that 578 00:33:47,360 --> 00:33:50,600 Speaker 1: feeds down into New York. And uh, these things take 579 00:33:50,720 --> 00:33:56,400 Speaker 1: one point nine million measurements a year and wirelessly transmit 580 00:33:56,520 --> 00:34:02,160 Speaker 1: that back to the Department of Environment Protection in New York. Yeah, 581 00:34:02,200 --> 00:34:04,760 Speaker 1: which is pretty awesome. And they had a booie before, 582 00:34:04,880 --> 00:34:07,120 Speaker 1: but they had to remove it in winter because ice 583 00:34:07,160 --> 00:34:10,279 Speaker 1: would mess with it. And this new one, um apparently 584 00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:17,360 Speaker 1: is ice yea. They also if you walk down the street, um, 585 00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:23,680 Speaker 1: there's something like hundred no, nine hundred and sixty five 586 00:34:23,719 --> 00:34:26,880 Speaker 1: little gray boxes that if you could open up you 587 00:34:26,880 --> 00:34:30,239 Speaker 1: would find a little sink in a faucet. It's adorable. 588 00:34:30,520 --> 00:34:35,120 Speaker 1: Maybe a little sample size of locks, often soap, and 589 00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:39,320 Speaker 1: that's a water sampling station. It says ny d e P. 590 00:34:39,560 --> 00:34:43,520 Speaker 1: Department of Environmental Protection, and scientists walk up to these things, 591 00:34:43,640 --> 00:34:46,440 Speaker 1: unlock them and take samples and test for all sorts 592 00:34:46,480 --> 00:34:50,080 Speaker 1: of different things to make sure that the water getting 593 00:34:50,160 --> 00:34:53,160 Speaker 1: to New York Is is good. Yeah, it says more 594 00:34:53,200 --> 00:34:56,200 Speaker 1: than that. Um, it says New York City Drinking Water 595 00:34:56,320 --> 00:34:58,839 Speaker 1: Sampling Station on the front of it. Oh wow, they 596 00:34:58,920 --> 00:35:01,759 Speaker 1: really really spell out Yeah, I said fisher free and 597 00:35:01,840 --> 00:35:06,880 Speaker 1: oh three stamped down there. Uh, so that you know 598 00:35:06,920 --> 00:35:11,040 Speaker 1: they're testing. They take water samples a month. I'm not 599 00:35:11,120 --> 00:35:13,279 Speaker 1: sure if you said that, but they were from these 600 00:35:13,360 --> 00:35:16,040 Speaker 1: particular stations, and they do all kinds of tests. Are 601 00:35:16,080 --> 00:35:22,520 Speaker 1: testing obviously for uh, turbidity which is cloudiness, pH chlorine, bacteria, 602 00:35:23,239 --> 00:35:25,560 Speaker 1: does it stink like all kinds of tests that they're 603 00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:29,719 Speaker 1: doing right, Um, And usually the New York City water 604 00:35:29,840 --> 00:35:32,120 Speaker 1: is going to pass all these tests like it's there's 605 00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:33,640 Speaker 1: not going to be a problem. This is just a 606 00:35:34,200 --> 00:35:36,920 Speaker 1: extra little quality assurance that they're doing because by the 607 00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:39,920 Speaker 1: time it reaches these testing stations, that's where it's going 608 00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:42,560 Speaker 1: to the taps anyway, it's tapping into the tap water. 609 00:35:42,680 --> 00:35:47,719 Speaker 1: Basic so um that ten percent of water goes through 610 00:35:47,960 --> 00:35:51,279 Speaker 1: a couple of extra steps that is um that that 611 00:35:51,600 --> 00:35:54,160 Speaker 1: the other ninety percent doesn't go through. One of the 612 00:35:54,200 --> 00:35:56,319 Speaker 1: first things it does in the treatment plan is it's 613 00:35:56,400 --> 00:36:00,400 Speaker 1: mixed with alum, which is a component of aluminum, right, 614 00:36:01,360 --> 00:36:05,600 Speaker 1: And alum attracts organic compounds and basically says, rise to 615 00:36:05,719 --> 00:36:08,759 Speaker 1: the surface with me and creates flock, which is a white, 616 00:36:08,920 --> 00:36:12,000 Speaker 1: frothy sludge, and all that is just skimmed off the top. 617 00:36:12,640 --> 00:36:15,320 Speaker 1: That's step one. Yeah, this sounds so gross and it is, 618 00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:18,200 Speaker 1: but like in the end, you get your good water. 619 00:36:18,760 --> 00:36:21,759 Speaker 1: The next thing that happens is it flows through these 620 00:36:21,840 --> 00:36:25,200 Speaker 1: giant water filters um. Dave put it as like these 621 00:36:25,239 --> 00:36:28,480 Speaker 1: giant britt of filters. It's essentially sort of the same thing. 622 00:36:29,520 --> 00:36:32,640 Speaker 1: And this is just gonna further purify the water, passing 623 00:36:32,719 --> 00:36:37,040 Speaker 1: through layers and layers of stuff like sand, uh an, anthracite. 624 00:36:37,880 --> 00:36:41,560 Speaker 1: And then comes the ultra violet light that you referenced earlier, right, Yes, 625 00:36:41,680 --> 00:36:44,560 Speaker 1: and a hundred percent of New York's water is sent 626 00:36:44,680 --> 00:36:47,480 Speaker 1: through a UV filter because UV filters are really good 627 00:36:47,560 --> 00:36:53,000 Speaker 1: at disrupting reproduction of bacteria um, and so all water 628 00:36:53,280 --> 00:36:56,880 Speaker 1: is apped. But that n of water that's not filtered 629 00:36:56,920 --> 00:36:59,840 Speaker 1: that goes through a separate UV filtering plant that's built 630 00:37:00,239 --> 00:37:03,280 Speaker 1: for those and that that's where like a billion gallons 631 00:37:03,360 --> 00:37:05,600 Speaker 1: of water a day are z apped with UV lights. 632 00:37:06,200 --> 00:37:09,800 Speaker 1: But um so all of that gets combined together eventually 633 00:37:09,920 --> 00:37:14,719 Speaker 1: and and comes out your tap and New Yorkers drink 634 00:37:14,760 --> 00:37:18,040 Speaker 1: it straight fro the tap. Literally. It is very bizarre 635 00:37:18,080 --> 00:37:20,480 Speaker 1: because I don't know if it's a placebo effect or what, 636 00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:24,000 Speaker 1: but I feel like it does taste pretty good for 637 00:37:24,120 --> 00:37:27,600 Speaker 1: tap water. But at the same time, I typically don't 638 00:37:27,680 --> 00:37:30,720 Speaker 1: drink just straight tap water, so my frame of reference 639 00:37:30,760 --> 00:37:33,320 Speaker 1: isn't necessarily right there. Do you want to hear something funny? 640 00:37:34,080 --> 00:37:36,040 Speaker 1: You know what my brother's favorite water is and what 641 00:37:36,280 --> 00:37:38,560 Speaker 1: it's probably just a bit, but he claims it's true 642 00:37:39,280 --> 00:37:43,239 Speaker 1: hose water. Oh, I know what he's talking about. Yeah, 643 00:37:43,600 --> 00:37:45,920 Speaker 1: like when you're watering the car or watering the car. 644 00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:49,480 Speaker 1: When you're washing the car, here a right grow car 645 00:37:49,640 --> 00:37:51,400 Speaker 1: when you're watering your mini, so it grows into an 646 00:37:51,520 --> 00:37:56,000 Speaker 1: suv right So, um, I think the reason why Scott 647 00:37:56,080 --> 00:37:58,360 Speaker 1: is onto something is because when you're drinking from a hose, 648 00:37:58,560 --> 00:38:01,680 Speaker 1: it's summertime and it's hot, yeah, and you're probably working hard. 649 00:38:03,360 --> 00:38:06,120 Speaker 1: Maybe it's definitely it definitely does taste different, for sure. 650 00:38:06,840 --> 00:38:09,920 Speaker 1: So when it comes to New York water, um, everyone 651 00:38:10,000 --> 00:38:13,880 Speaker 1: says it's the best in the country. There are rankings actually, 652 00:38:14,520 --> 00:38:19,080 Speaker 1: and it is out of one metro areas in the US, 653 00:38:19,480 --> 00:38:22,200 Speaker 1: So it's not the best literally by definition, not the 654 00:38:22,280 --> 00:38:24,320 Speaker 1: best water in the guy. You've got to move to Arlington, 655 00:38:24,440 --> 00:38:27,520 Speaker 1: Texas if you want uh. And this was this was 656 00:38:27,600 --> 00:38:30,080 Speaker 1: from ten years ago, but I'm not sure what the 657 00:38:30,120 --> 00:38:33,040 Speaker 1: current status is. Imagine Arlington's still up there though, sure, 658 00:38:33,160 --> 00:38:34,840 Speaker 1: but you're gonna have to have a lot more reasons 659 00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:39,719 Speaker 1: than that to move to Arlington, Texas. Ouch that one, 660 00:38:39,719 --> 00:38:41,760 Speaker 1: I'm not taking that. What are some of the problems 661 00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:45,200 Speaker 1: though with New York water, Well, there's two big problems. Turbidity, 662 00:38:45,239 --> 00:38:49,960 Speaker 1: which you mentioned earlier, which is um uh, sediment suspension 663 00:38:50,120 --> 00:38:52,120 Speaker 1: in the water, which gives it kind of a cloudy 664 00:38:52,239 --> 00:38:56,080 Speaker 1: or darker, gritty kind of look, which is it's not 665 00:38:56,200 --> 00:38:59,800 Speaker 1: just that it looks bad, it's pathogens can cling to 666 00:38:59,880 --> 00:39:02,840 Speaker 1: that sediment, so it's not something you want suspended. Plus 667 00:39:03,160 --> 00:39:06,040 Speaker 1: it also makes it much more difficult to filter that 668 00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:08,400 Speaker 1: stuff out. It's like extra work that has to be 669 00:39:08,520 --> 00:39:11,279 Speaker 1: done to get rid of that sediment. And if you're 670 00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:13,960 Speaker 1: not filtering your water to begin with, that's kind of 671 00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:17,520 Speaker 1: a problem. Um. And then secondly, the other one is 672 00:39:18,200 --> 00:39:22,560 Speaker 1: nutrients over it's over nutrient meaning it's just packed with 673 00:39:22,760 --> 00:39:28,240 Speaker 1: ribal flavoring. Well, what it actually is is fertilizer runoff. 674 00:39:29,320 --> 00:39:32,120 Speaker 1: You know, with those farmers are doing their best, but 675 00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:37,440 Speaker 1: there is fertilizer that goes downstream and runs into the watersheds. 676 00:39:37,600 --> 00:39:41,320 Speaker 1: And phosphorus is one of the biggest problems because farmers 677 00:39:41,440 --> 00:39:45,040 Speaker 1: do fertilize with phosphorus and if it runs off. The 678 00:39:45,120 --> 00:39:48,040 Speaker 1: phosphorus alone is not great because it can cause algae 679 00:39:48,040 --> 00:39:51,239 Speaker 1: blooms and stuff like that, and it can taste bad 680 00:39:51,320 --> 00:39:54,200 Speaker 1: and stink. Yeah, because when the algae dies, it decays 681 00:39:54,239 --> 00:39:56,040 Speaker 1: and it does not smell good. Now it does not 682 00:39:56,120 --> 00:39:59,920 Speaker 1: smell good. But um. A bigger problem though, is when 683 00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:02,160 Speaker 1: you combine that with the chlorine. Because, like we said, 684 00:40:02,239 --> 00:40:06,040 Speaker 1: New York water is chlorinated and fluoridated. We have the 685 00:40:06,080 --> 00:40:08,400 Speaker 1: T shirts to prove it, right. I don't think we 686 00:40:08,480 --> 00:40:11,320 Speaker 1: said it was fluoridated, but yeah, everybody knows it's fluoridated. 687 00:40:11,960 --> 00:40:17,000 Speaker 1: And when you combine that chlorine with a phosphorus, it 688 00:40:17,080 --> 00:40:21,400 Speaker 1: can create byproducts called disinfection by products and that is 689 00:40:21,480 --> 00:40:23,839 Speaker 1: no good at all. No, those are nasty. They're called 690 00:40:23,960 --> 00:40:29,960 Speaker 1: DBPs and they are basically like um chemicals that are 691 00:40:30,120 --> 00:40:35,520 Speaker 1: accidentally made from from sanitizing water, and not just with chlorine, 692 00:40:35,640 --> 00:40:38,480 Speaker 1: but chlorine chloramine. There's a bunch of different stuff that 693 00:40:38,520 --> 00:40:41,600 Speaker 1: they use to to disinfect water, and all of them 694 00:40:41,760 --> 00:40:46,200 Speaker 1: can can combine with organic call compounds to create really 695 00:40:46,320 --> 00:40:52,239 Speaker 1: just nasty stuff like um, carcinages or yeah, carcinogens. Um. 696 00:40:52,440 --> 00:40:57,040 Speaker 1: Some can produce miscarriages, just really really bad stuff that 697 00:40:57,160 --> 00:41:00,440 Speaker 1: can be produced in the drinking water. Chloroform is one 698 00:41:00,480 --> 00:41:03,520 Speaker 1: of those byproducts, yeah, which is why New Yorker is 699 00:41:03,560 --> 00:41:07,759 Speaker 1: frequently faint when they're drinking tap one. But this all 700 00:41:07,840 --> 00:41:12,520 Speaker 1: sounds super scary New York City. Um, they are they. 701 00:41:12,760 --> 00:41:16,719 Speaker 1: I think there are eight known contaminants um. But they 702 00:41:16,760 --> 00:41:21,320 Speaker 1: are still apparently well under the legal limit, depending on 703 00:41:21,400 --> 00:41:23,239 Speaker 1: what you think about how the legal limits are set 704 00:41:23,320 --> 00:41:25,440 Speaker 1: up for us, right exactly, it's a good caveat But 705 00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:27,799 Speaker 1: New York City drinking water is thirty point nine parts 706 00:41:27,880 --> 00:41:31,759 Speaker 1: pervilion chloroform and the national averages eleven, so they are 707 00:41:31,840 --> 00:41:34,239 Speaker 1: way higher on chloroform. But as far as all of 708 00:41:34,320 --> 00:41:38,080 Speaker 1: those uh DBPs, total, they're far below the legal limit 709 00:41:38,160 --> 00:41:41,320 Speaker 1: and just a little bit above average nationally. Right, and 710 00:41:41,400 --> 00:41:44,600 Speaker 1: then the total number of DBPs that they have is 711 00:41:44,600 --> 00:41:48,480 Speaker 1: actually less than those in Arlington's So interesting. Chew on 712 00:41:48,560 --> 00:41:52,640 Speaker 1: that Arlington's right, chew on that bad pizza. Speaking of 713 00:41:52,840 --> 00:41:57,120 Speaker 1: chewing chuck and pizza, let's just answer this question. Is 714 00:41:57,520 --> 00:42:00,719 Speaker 1: New York City's water the key ingredient to New York 715 00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:03,680 Speaker 1: City bagels and pizza? H? I think, I mean, you 716 00:42:03,760 --> 00:42:06,680 Speaker 1: can't definitively say, but I think it does have something 717 00:42:06,760 --> 00:42:09,560 Speaker 1: to do with it. For sure. It's got to because 718 00:42:09,600 --> 00:42:12,600 Speaker 1: science is involved. So here's the thing. The water from 719 00:42:12,640 --> 00:42:16,240 Speaker 1: the cat Skills and from the Delaware is naturally soft, 720 00:42:16,560 --> 00:42:19,920 Speaker 1: meaning that it's lower in calcium and magnesium. Where do 721 00:42:20,040 --> 00:42:23,480 Speaker 1: you fall on loving softer hard water? I'm a hard 722 00:42:23,520 --> 00:42:26,520 Speaker 1: water guy, same here man. When I lived in Arizona, 723 00:42:26,880 --> 00:42:30,480 Speaker 1: they had soft water where I lived in, uh my 724 00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:32,800 Speaker 1: sister's house that I lived in, and most of the 725 00:42:32,880 --> 00:42:37,760 Speaker 1: house has had water softened error, I guess hardening units 726 00:42:37,920 --> 00:42:41,520 Speaker 1: or whatever in the house. Yeah, because you can't feel clean, 727 00:42:41,640 --> 00:42:43,480 Speaker 1: like you never feel like you've got the shampoo or 728 00:42:43,520 --> 00:42:47,719 Speaker 1: the soap off. It's it's just awful. Does anyone like 729 00:42:47,800 --> 00:42:53,080 Speaker 1: soft water? I don't know, weirdos probably I mean hard water. Sorry, no, 730 00:42:53,280 --> 00:42:56,320 Speaker 1: I had it all backwards. Okay, So so you like 731 00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:59,800 Speaker 1: soft water, Yeah, that's why. That's why I actually that 732 00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:03,320 Speaker 1: so why I misspoke. They had water softeners in Arizona 733 00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:06,320 Speaker 1: because the water was hard. New York water is soft. 734 00:43:06,480 --> 00:43:10,359 Speaker 1: I like soft Okay. I like hard water typically because 735 00:43:10,400 --> 00:43:14,040 Speaker 1: I feel like I'm clean afterward. But soft water, like 736 00:43:14,200 --> 00:43:16,560 Speaker 1: just the New York water is fine with me. But 737 00:43:16,840 --> 00:43:22,440 Speaker 1: a softened like a chemically softened water, I can't stand. Yes, interesting, 738 00:43:23,239 --> 00:43:27,520 Speaker 1: But New York's is naturally soft, so it doesn't have calcium, magnesium, 739 00:43:27,560 --> 00:43:30,160 Speaker 1: or it is very low in those things comparatively, and 740 00:43:30,320 --> 00:43:33,400 Speaker 1: that actually has an effect on taste, like calcium and 741 00:43:33,440 --> 00:43:36,600 Speaker 1: magnesium can provide like a bitter taste to water. So 742 00:43:36,760 --> 00:43:39,399 Speaker 1: there's one thing that they're saying, like, Okay, the dough 743 00:43:39,560 --> 00:43:43,000 Speaker 1: isn't going to taste naturally bitter because of the calcium magnesium. 744 00:43:43,200 --> 00:43:46,520 Speaker 1: That's something that is something, and it also interacts with 745 00:43:46,640 --> 00:43:49,279 Speaker 1: the flower. If you're gonna make a bagel or a 746 00:43:49,360 --> 00:43:52,560 Speaker 1: bali or pizza crust, you're gonna be or you know 747 00:43:52,719 --> 00:43:54,759 Speaker 1: a lot of things when you're baking. But those are 748 00:43:54,800 --> 00:43:57,560 Speaker 1: the big three in New York. You're gonna be using 749 00:43:57,600 --> 00:44:01,040 Speaker 1: flour and water as your base for your dough and 750 00:44:01,160 --> 00:44:04,359 Speaker 1: hard water. The minerals uh in those tap water are 751 00:44:04,360 --> 00:44:06,560 Speaker 1: going to fortify the gluten and they're gonna make it 752 00:44:06,719 --> 00:44:10,000 Speaker 1: tough and less flexible. You don't want it too soft, though, 753 00:44:10,440 --> 00:44:12,120 Speaker 1: because it'll have the opposite effect and it will be 754 00:44:12,160 --> 00:44:13,759 Speaker 1: gooey and you won't be able to work it as well. 755 00:44:14,400 --> 00:44:17,640 Speaker 1: And apparently the American Chemical Society says New York City 756 00:44:17,680 --> 00:44:21,000 Speaker 1: tap water is the Goldilocks of bagel water. It is 757 00:44:21,080 --> 00:44:24,040 Speaker 1: just right yep, not too hard, not too soft, just 758 00:44:24,200 --> 00:44:27,560 Speaker 1: perfect for a bagel and for a pizza. And that 759 00:44:27,840 --> 00:44:31,280 Speaker 1: that American Chemical Society quote came from a Smithsonian article 760 00:44:31,760 --> 00:44:34,720 Speaker 1: and they went on to say probably though, it's actually 761 00:44:34,800 --> 00:44:37,600 Speaker 1: the techniques that New Yorkers used to make bagels, Like 762 00:44:37,960 --> 00:44:40,440 Speaker 1: they poach the bagel dough first, like they boil it. 763 00:44:40,880 --> 00:44:43,200 Speaker 1: That that's the only way to do a bagel. Sure, 764 00:44:43,400 --> 00:44:45,880 Speaker 1: it's not a bagel, No it's not. That's like a 765 00:44:45,920 --> 00:44:49,040 Speaker 1: baked donut and it's not a doughnut basically, And then 766 00:44:49,080 --> 00:44:53,399 Speaker 1: they also, um will uh, they'll let the yeast sit 767 00:44:53,560 --> 00:44:55,359 Speaker 1: for a little while to make it for men, which 768 00:44:55,440 --> 00:45:00,359 Speaker 1: creates volatile flavor compounds. So um, it just taste better. 769 00:45:00,800 --> 00:45:03,600 Speaker 1: They're saying, probably those are the reasons why New Yorkers 770 00:45:03,680 --> 00:45:07,560 Speaker 1: make better bagels or pizza. And it's not really the water. 771 00:45:07,719 --> 00:45:11,680 Speaker 1: The waters just contributes a very small amount. I think 772 00:45:11,719 --> 00:45:14,439 Speaker 1: it's all those things. Why not? No one can say 773 00:45:14,520 --> 00:45:16,680 Speaker 1: for certain, so let's just say yes, it is all 774 00:45:16,760 --> 00:45:19,120 Speaker 1: those things. Well, if you want to know more about 775 00:45:19,200 --> 00:45:21,719 Speaker 1: New York City's tap water, go on to New York 776 00:45:21,800 --> 00:45:25,040 Speaker 1: City and try their tap water. And since I said 777 00:45:25,080 --> 00:45:30,040 Speaker 1: that it's time for listener mail everybody, I'm gonna call 778 00:45:30,120 --> 00:45:35,560 Speaker 1: this uh house rolling And we talked about t being houses. Yep, 779 00:45:36,040 --> 00:45:38,320 Speaker 1: I let the podcast guys just finish up trick or treating. 780 00:45:38,960 --> 00:45:41,000 Speaker 1: And you were talking about rolling houses. I grew up 781 00:45:41,040 --> 00:45:44,799 Speaker 1: in Franklin, Tennessee, where we used to roll houses all 782 00:45:44,880 --> 00:45:47,640 Speaker 1: the time. In Franklin, Tennessee for people who don't know, 783 00:45:47,960 --> 00:45:51,480 Speaker 1: because where a lot of big shot Nashville big wigs live. 784 00:45:52,280 --> 00:45:54,439 Speaker 1: Because you can buy a huge house with lots of land. 785 00:45:55,800 --> 00:45:58,960 Speaker 1: That was Chuck speaking right. Funny thing though, guys, I'm 786 00:45:59,000 --> 00:46:01,839 Speaker 1: back to being brand and Okay, funny thing though, Guys, 787 00:46:01,920 --> 00:46:04,520 Speaker 1: my neighbor was Brad Paisley. There was a couple of 788 00:46:04,640 --> 00:46:07,160 Speaker 1: years before his first Grammy award, and once we found 789 00:46:07,200 --> 00:46:09,000 Speaker 1: this out, we knew that we had to get him. 790 00:46:09,560 --> 00:46:11,320 Speaker 1: So my sister and I gathered all of our friends 791 00:46:11,440 --> 00:46:14,360 Speaker 1: dressed in black and snuck out to roll this country 792 00:46:14,560 --> 00:46:17,920 Speaker 1: music stars house. We were halfway through the job when 793 00:46:18,080 --> 00:46:21,520 Speaker 1: his freaking tour bus rolled up on us. At first, 794 00:46:21,560 --> 00:46:23,440 Speaker 1: we all ran away frightened, but we were pretty much 795 00:46:23,440 --> 00:46:25,839 Speaker 1: called in the act. Nowhere to go. He got off 796 00:46:25,840 --> 00:46:27,920 Speaker 1: the bus and was super nice about the whole thing. Actually, 797 00:46:28,400 --> 00:46:29,919 Speaker 1: he gave us a quick tour of the tour bus, 798 00:46:30,719 --> 00:46:33,040 Speaker 1: chatted us up for a little while. We even cleaned 799 00:46:33,120 --> 00:46:34,800 Speaker 1: up the little bit of mess we had made and 800 00:46:34,960 --> 00:46:38,120 Speaker 1: left star struck. Highly doubt he remembers that night at all, 801 00:46:38,200 --> 00:46:41,080 Speaker 1: but my friends and I will certainly never forget anyway, 802 00:46:41,320 --> 00:46:44,200 Speaker 1: That's all I got, guys, have a spooky Halloween. That 803 00:46:44,320 --> 00:46:48,000 Speaker 1: is from Brandon Saunders. That is very nice. Brandon, thanks 804 00:46:48,040 --> 00:46:51,120 Speaker 1: a lot for that email, and hats off to Brad 805 00:46:51,200 --> 00:46:53,360 Speaker 1: Paisley for being so cool that he doesn't take his 806 00:46:53,440 --> 00:46:56,520 Speaker 1: hat off. But all right, exactly, but also, how about 807 00:46:56,560 --> 00:46:58,480 Speaker 1: just a hat tipp fin. Yeah, actually I was thinking 808 00:46:58,520 --> 00:47:01,399 Speaker 1: Kdney Chesney because he's ball none. None of those guys 809 00:47:01,480 --> 00:47:04,239 Speaker 1: take their hats off, dude. So but also he hangs 810 00:47:04,280 --> 00:47:06,200 Speaker 1: out with Peyton Manning, which means that he must be 811 00:47:06,280 --> 00:47:09,719 Speaker 1: a good guy. Right, isn't Peyton a good dude? Sure? 812 00:47:09,800 --> 00:47:12,279 Speaker 1: I'm just started of seeing him on my TV. Oh, 813 00:47:12,440 --> 00:47:15,000 Speaker 1: that's not gonna happen anytime soon. Pretty soon you'll see 814 00:47:15,040 --> 00:47:17,719 Speaker 1: him in augmented reality and you're gonna everywhere you go, 815 00:47:18,880 --> 00:47:21,839 Speaker 1: like it or not, Charles. Okay, Well, if you want 816 00:47:21,880 --> 00:47:23,719 Speaker 1: to get in touch of this, like Brad Paisley did, 817 00:47:24,080 --> 00:47:26,520 Speaker 1: you can go on to stuff you Should Know dot 818 00:47:26,560 --> 00:47:29,799 Speaker 1: com and check out our social links, and you can 819 00:47:29,840 --> 00:47:32,359 Speaker 1: also send us a good old fashioned email, wrap it up, 820 00:47:32,520 --> 00:47:34,600 Speaker 1: spank it on the bottom, with it some good old 821 00:47:34,640 --> 00:47:37,880 Speaker 1: country goodness, and send it off to stuff podcast at 822 00:47:37,960 --> 00:47:43,560 Speaker 1: iHeart radio dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a 823 00:47:43,560 --> 00:47:46,640 Speaker 1: production of iHeart Radios. How stuff works for more podcasts 824 00:47:46,680 --> 00:47:48,600 Speaker 1: for my Heart Radio because at the iHeart Radio app, 825 00:47:48,680 --> 00:47:51,320 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows