WEBVTT - Those Crazy Komodos

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to stuff from the Science Lab from how stuff

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<v Speaker 1>works dot com. Hey, this is Alison I don't know,

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<v Speaker 1>like the science and how stuff works dot com. And

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<v Speaker 1>this is Robert Lamb, science writer at how stuff works

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<v Speaker 1>dot com. So, Alison, you've got a dog, right, do

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<v Speaker 1>you have a dog? Yeah? I have. I have a

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<v Speaker 1>cat myself, And I think one thing that these two

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<v Speaker 1>species sharing and in common is the ability to vomit,

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<v Speaker 1>like on a daily basis, And not now the the ability,

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<v Speaker 1>but just the willingness and sheer desire to vomit. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it does seem like I spent a lot of my

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<v Speaker 1>life these days cleaning up accidents, either of the pet

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<v Speaker 1>or children variety. The thing that gets to me about

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<v Speaker 1>the cat is that she will only vomit on things

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<v Speaker 1>like carpet or like we have hardwoods and then we

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<v Speaker 1>have like some areas of carpet, and like she will

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<v Speaker 1>you'll hear like vomiting. I would be in the night

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<v Speaker 1>and I'll hear of her warming up to the vomit,

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<v Speaker 1>and I'll and I'll wake up. I could be in

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<v Speaker 1>like a deep dream state and I'll wake up and

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<v Speaker 1>I'll be all right. She's in the house, she's about

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<v Speaker 1>to vomit. So I go and find her, and she'll

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<v Speaker 1>be on this little rug right about the up shut

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<v Speaker 1>And I take her off, and I set her on

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<v Speaker 1>the hardwoods, because at least she vomits on the hard woods.

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<v Speaker 1>Clean up, easy to clean up. Set her on the hardwood,

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<v Speaker 1>and she scampers over to another carpet, like she can

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<v Speaker 1>only throw up on a carpet. It is true, they

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<v Speaker 1>do display a remarkable propensity for display for for puking

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<v Speaker 1>on carpet. Why is that there are dogs the same way? Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>they are. They love to to throw up on a carpet.

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<v Speaker 1>But the point of this barthring anecdote is that mixed

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<v Speaker 1>both of us pretty glad that we don't have Commodo dragons,

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<v Speaker 1>because you know, cat throp dog throp is nothing compared

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<v Speaker 1>to what you might see, uh, come out of a

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<v Speaker 1>Komodo dragon after it eights a a goat. Yeah. And

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<v Speaker 1>if you're wondering how this looks like, do a YouTube

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<v Speaker 1>search for Komodo dragon and vomit and you'll get to

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<v Speaker 1>see a lovely video set to some really really interesting

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<v Speaker 1>musical choice vomiting up a part fully digested goat leg. So,

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<v Speaker 1>now that we've thoroughly upset your stomach. Let's tell you

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<v Speaker 1>why we're talking about Commodo dragons. Robert and I over

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<v Speaker 1>at has to First dot Com have been immersed in

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<v Speaker 1>um writing content for this upcoming really neat series that's

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<v Speaker 1>going to premiere on the Discovery Channel called Life. You

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<v Speaker 1>watch Planet Earth and this is this is the same

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<v Speaker 1>bunch of people, the same just completely addictive thing, beautiful

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<v Speaker 1>footage of just some of the amazing tidbits from our

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<v Speaker 1>natural world. Right it's a planet Earth was habitat focused,

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<v Speaker 1>and Life will be focused on the amazing species populating

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<v Speaker 1>our planet and their remarkable behaviors. And in one of

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<v Speaker 1>the episodes on reptiles and amphibians, the komodo dragon is

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<v Speaker 1>prominently featured. Yeah, and Robert and I were very very

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<v Speaker 1>impressed by the Commodo dragons because you see them in

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<v Speaker 1>the zoo and you know they're not doing much. Maybe

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<v Speaker 1>they're fed of frozen rat or something. They're kind of lethargic,

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<v Speaker 1>as they tend to be cold blooded. They're not exerting

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<v Speaker 1>any more energy than they need to. And let me

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<v Speaker 1>point out, at least they have the excuse of being

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<v Speaker 1>cold blooded. On like the panda which just sits there,

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<v Speaker 1>warm blooded, not doing anything and gets all the attention.

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<v Speaker 1>That's a separate tangent. But anyway, so we really wanted

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<v Speaker 1>to do a podcast on those crazy Komodos that we've

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<v Speaker 1>been writing about. And just for those of you're interested,

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<v Speaker 1>the series is going to premiere in March. Unless you

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<v Speaker 1>know of your British you've already seen it. So let's

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<v Speaker 1>give you a greick introduction to the Komodo dragon. The

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<v Speaker 1>komodo is about nine feet long. It lives over on

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<v Speaker 1>unlimited range of islands in Indonesia, one of which is

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<v Speaker 1>Komodo Island, and it's the most intelligent and the largest

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<v Speaker 1>lizard in the world. Yeah, and this, uh, this is

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<v Speaker 1>a top predator we're talking about here. The only thing

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<v Speaker 1>that eats Komodo dragons, it's other commodo dragons. I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>unless you're going into some pretty strange restaurants, you're not

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<v Speaker 1>going to find it on the menu. Um. And when

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<v Speaker 1>I say they eat other Komodo dragons, like like a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of species, they'll eat their their own if they

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<v Speaker 1>happen to be wounded or weak or dead. Uh, the

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<v Speaker 1>Komodo dragon is really big commodo dragon will eat fresh food,

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<v Speaker 1>it'll it'll kill something an idiot. But if it's something's

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<v Speaker 1>been setting around on it's a little rotten, you know.

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<v Speaker 1>The commodo dragons not gonna I'm not gonna pass that up.

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<v Speaker 1>So yeah, it'll eat up. It'll eat one of its

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<v Speaker 1>its own of its rotting on the side of the path.

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<v Speaker 1>But they're also quite fond of their own young. A

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<v Speaker 1>female kommoto dragon will lay the eggs in a burrow

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<v Speaker 1>and then just leave them. Komodos dragons have no further

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<v Speaker 1>role in the raising of the young, so it's not

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<v Speaker 1>practicing touchment parenting right now. If there's definitely mammal they

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<v Speaker 1>want to practice like ingestion parenting because if they find

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<v Speaker 1>any of the smaller like a hatchling komotos, they will

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<v Speaker 1>eat them up. So well, how does the hatchling prevent this? Well,

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<v Speaker 1>they have to two methods. One method is to pretty

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<v Speaker 1>much live in the trees, and the kimotos can climb

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<v Speaker 1>trees when they really want to, but these guys will

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<v Speaker 1>stay up in the higher branches and just stay out

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<v Speaker 1>of side. The other tactic is of course to roll

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<v Speaker 1>themselves in fecal matter, because it's like the Kommoto dragon

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<v Speaker 1>will eat just about anything, but it's not that big

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<v Speaker 1>on eating things that are that are you know, covered

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<v Speaker 1>in app More on that later. Um, it's a great podcast.

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<v Speaker 1>You get your vomit and your crab content on one.

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<v Speaker 1>So yeah, in terms of other things they'll eat, though,

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<v Speaker 1>they'll they'll take down at um, things like like deer,

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<v Speaker 1>they'll take down you know, rats or whatever, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>smaller animals. But then they'll even take down water buffalo occasionally.

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<v Speaker 1>And we're gonna get more into the hunting technique bees

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<v Speaker 1>in a minute, because it just just like takes weeks

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<v Speaker 1>while they wait for the thing to die, and then

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<v Speaker 1>when it's time to eat it, they just throw themselves

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<v Speaker 1>at it, the big ones. Anyway, you end up having

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<v Speaker 1>this kind of like circle of feeding with the komodos. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it's communal, but it's not really generous per se. No, No,

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<v Speaker 1>it's not. It's not like a Thanksgiving dinner or not

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<v Speaker 1>like my Thanksgiving dinners. Some families probably do it differently.

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<v Speaker 1>It would be like if your Thanksgiving dinner consists of

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<v Speaker 1>like your three largest uncles rolling around in a carcass

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<v Speaker 1>and throwing elbows and then like the smaller members of

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<v Speaker 1>the family are on the grandma oscar. Yeah, Grandma's an outscars,

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<v Speaker 1>just trying to like reach in and grasp a chicken leg.

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<v Speaker 1>And then all the little kids are just out in

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<v Speaker 1>the bushes hoping that there are other family members. Don't

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<v Speaker 1>eat them while they're waiting for scraps. That's pretty much

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<v Speaker 1>what you have. And they will eat pretty much everything.

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<v Speaker 1>These guys clean their plates. Researchers have observed them eating

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<v Speaker 1>uppers of eight percent of their own body weight. Like

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<v Speaker 1>when they're through, they're just completely like dragging gut back

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<v Speaker 1>to their burrows there. It's just amazing. These guys have recliners.

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<v Speaker 1>Would be billing up for hours in front of the the

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<v Speaker 1>TV after Yeah, and and it's in the things they

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<v Speaker 1>can't necessarily digest everything. They can digest a lot, but

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<v Speaker 1>like say they eat some hide, some bone, some antlers

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<v Speaker 1>or something, they can't digest that. So a little later

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<v Speaker 1>they just vomited all up. And this uh, just disgusting

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<v Speaker 1>smelling ball known as a gastric pellet. Yeah, but it

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<v Speaker 1>doesn't really look like a pellet. It more looks like

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<v Speaker 1>a like a basketball made of half digested goat. There

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<v Speaker 1>are some animals out there that aren't big on eating

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<v Speaker 1>the actual guts of an animal. Um. The komodo will.

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<v Speaker 1>But like we said earlier, that the little ones roll

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<v Speaker 1>around in the crap so that they won't get eaten.

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<v Speaker 1>So the komodo before it will eat the intestines, it

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<v Speaker 1>will take them in its mouth and sling them around. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>so that all the fecal matter goes flying out into

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<v Speaker 1>the forest. And then once it's nice and clean, they'll

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<v Speaker 1>they'll eat the guts as well. They'll partake of the intestineous.

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<v Speaker 1>They are ravenous and vile creatures, but we still love

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<v Speaker 1>them amazingly cool too. So let's talk about some of

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<v Speaker 1>their hunting techniques. I mean, how would a komodo dragon

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<v Speaker 1>take down a water buffalo? So a live one, because

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<v Speaker 1>like we said, they'll eat the dead one, but a

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<v Speaker 1>live water buffalo is a different proposition. Well, part of

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<v Speaker 1>it is ambush. I mean really, all they need to

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<v Speaker 1>do is they need to sit around and wait for

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<v Speaker 1>some great ambling beasts to come by, and they need

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<v Speaker 1>to land one good bye. And why do they need

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<v Speaker 1>to land one good bite? Well because they have venom

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<v Speaker 1>and their mouths are really just this crazy cottail of

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<v Speaker 1>bacteria and venom. So even if the bite doesn't kill

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<v Speaker 1>the animal instantly, the venom and the bacteria will do

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<v Speaker 1>their work and the animal, no matter how big, will

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<v Speaker 1>likely die. I think it takes a goat sized animal

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<v Speaker 1>about four days. Um. The buffalo took took much longer

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<v Speaker 1>than that. But again, you can watch this in life.

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<v Speaker 1>It's really an amazing scene. It's a mouthful of just

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<v Speaker 1>serrated peece too, so it's a pretty nasty bite anyway,

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<v Speaker 1>even if it's like a mouthful steak knives or something

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<v Speaker 1>dirty nasty snake knives. Yeah, And some of the toxins

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<v Speaker 1>in there, one of them causes intestinal cramps and it

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<v Speaker 1>makes the animal, the prey, more sensitive to pain. And

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<v Speaker 1>then you have another toxin in there that causes hypothermia.

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<v Speaker 1>And then of course, as if that weren't enough, um,

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<v Speaker 1>other toxins will make the animal just bleed like crazy,

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<v Speaker 1>and from the outside like the prey looks stunned and

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<v Speaker 1>which is kind of quiet. Yeah. One of the interesting

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<v Speaker 1>things about the like the water buffalo that they study

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<v Speaker 1>in life is that they actually observed the wound healing up,

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<v Speaker 1>but the but the venom was doing its work inside

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<v Speaker 1>the animal. So so beside the venom, we have stuff

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<v Speaker 1>like the tongue. Um. So if you're not hanging out

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<v Speaker 1>at a watering hole with a great big water buffle,

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<v Speaker 1>you have to find your prey right well, the tongue

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<v Speaker 1>is actually the komotives smelling mechanism, So kind of get

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<v Speaker 1>in your head this picture of a lizard flicking its

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<v Speaker 1>tongue out. So what it's doing with its tongue is

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<v Speaker 1>it's flicking out and it's catching air molecules and then

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<v Speaker 1>it's scraping them on the inside of its mouth and

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<v Speaker 1>it's analyzing them essentially, and the fork tongue is giving

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<v Speaker 1>you directions for example, like if the tongue's left fork

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<v Speaker 1>has more scent molecules, then the dragon knows you're hiding

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<v Speaker 1>on the left, and so it's just constantly flicking its

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<v Speaker 1>tongue back and forth to follow its prey. It's kind

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<v Speaker 1>of like smells in three D. Yeah, it's a it's

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<v Speaker 1>a funky tongue. And then of course we have the teeth.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, once you once you get in close to

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<v Speaker 1>the to the prey, if then you can land that bite.

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<v Speaker 1>But their their teeth are and jaws are really not

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<v Speaker 1>that impressive. I mean, they have the steak news and everything,

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<v Speaker 1>but the bite itself is I think similar to a

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<v Speaker 1>cat's strength. It's it's not very it's not very strong.

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<v Speaker 1>What really is the secret weapon is the vatam. So

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<v Speaker 1>once the Commodo dragon eats its prey and I mean

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<v Speaker 1>eating kind of loosely because it doesn't choose before swallowing,

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<v Speaker 1>it just kind of ingest cole like a snake, it

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<v Speaker 1>can unhinge its jaws and it can open them to

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<v Speaker 1>swallow these just like ginormous chunks of meat that are

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<v Speaker 1>larger than their heads. Yeah, it's like Poko to Chow

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<v Speaker 1>or any of those big steak chains, you know, right, So,

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<v Speaker 1>can you picture yourself going to one of these, like

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<v Speaker 1>Brazilian meat places and unhinging your jaw because, like, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>imbibing whole this giant steak. Yeah, that's kind of what

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<v Speaker 1>the commoted is. Generally one table of Commodo dragons, and

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<v Speaker 1>most major steak restaurants like that don't sit next to them.

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<v Speaker 1>Once it ingests this huge mass of meat, it travels

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<v Speaker 1>undigested to the stomach, and the stomach you know, stretches

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<v Speaker 1>as it as its needs to do, and there's a

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<v Speaker 1>very powerful stomach acid there which can dissolve a lot

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<v Speaker 1>of those crazy parts at the Komodo just state, but

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<v Speaker 1>not everything, as Robert has thoughtfully pointed out, tell me

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<v Speaker 1>about the people who are shipwrecked on the on the

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<v Speaker 1>island with Commodo dragons. Yeah, so there's a news story

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<v Speaker 1>of ways back about some divers who were left stranded

0:11:19.120 --> 0:11:22.600
<v Speaker 1>on a diving expedition. They swam to shore and who

0:11:22.800 --> 0:11:25.640
<v Speaker 1>they're so excited they finally made land, and um, they

0:11:25.640 --> 0:11:27.800
<v Speaker 1>had to wait for a rescue. I guess somebody. I

0:11:27.800 --> 0:11:30.080
<v Speaker 1>don't I don't know how they got said rescue, but

0:11:30.200 --> 0:11:32.160
<v Speaker 1>they got onto this island, and the island happened to

0:11:32.200 --> 0:11:35.680
<v Speaker 1>be populated by Komodo dragons, and the Komodo dragons, of

0:11:35.720 --> 0:11:38.840
<v Speaker 1>course have this very keen sense of smell, and they

0:11:38.880 --> 0:11:41.480
<v Speaker 1>were able to spot the divers. And so for the

0:11:41.520 --> 0:11:43.720
<v Speaker 1>next few days, while the divers waited for a rescue,

0:11:43.800 --> 0:11:46.800
<v Speaker 1>they had to fight off Komodo dragons by like screaming

0:11:46.840 --> 0:11:49.679
<v Speaker 1>at them and throwing rocks at them. So can you imagine,

0:11:49.720 --> 0:11:52.760
<v Speaker 1>I mean, you finally swim to shore, you know, you're

0:11:52.880 --> 0:11:57.000
<v Speaker 1>on tropical islands kind of like lost. Yeah, perhaps except

0:11:57.040 --> 0:11:59.559
<v Speaker 1>the shorter duration. If you're on the island of the

0:11:59.600 --> 0:12:02.280
<v Speaker 1>Komodo Us and eventually you get saved, but not before

0:12:02.280 --> 0:12:05.840
<v Speaker 1>having to fight off committed dragons. They're not above taking

0:12:05.880 --> 0:12:08.600
<v Speaker 1>on human prey, especially if if you're wounded and they're

0:12:08.600 --> 0:12:11.640
<v Speaker 1>protected species. So you get shipwrecked on an island full

0:12:11.640 --> 0:12:14.000
<v Speaker 1>of komotos, you can't very well just go around braining

0:12:14.040 --> 0:12:16.000
<v Speaker 1>them in the head with rocks and frying them up yourself,

0:12:16.640 --> 0:12:19.080
<v Speaker 1>and good luck competing with them, right, So did you

0:12:19.120 --> 0:12:23.080
<v Speaker 1>interview the guy, Yeah, you interviewed one of the uh,

0:12:23.440 --> 0:12:26.920
<v Speaker 1>the cameraman on that particular shoot, and it really really

0:12:27.840 --> 0:12:31.559
<v Speaker 1>really fascinating story, just the filming of it because they

0:12:31.559 --> 0:12:34.480
<v Speaker 1>had to just they had to march miles to this site,

0:12:34.520 --> 0:12:38.040
<v Speaker 1>to this watering hole every day. They couldn't actually spend

0:12:38.080 --> 0:12:40.280
<v Speaker 1>the night out there because it was too dangerous. Um

0:12:41.800 --> 0:12:43.560
<v Speaker 1>you know, they had to stay at this camp. So

0:12:43.559 --> 0:12:45.480
<v Speaker 1>they're lugging all this equipment out and then they ended

0:12:45.559 --> 0:12:47.679
<v Speaker 1>up just having to wait for this to happen, wait

0:12:47.760 --> 0:12:50.640
<v Speaker 1>for these komotos too, because the water buffalo is is

0:12:50.920 --> 0:12:54.000
<v Speaker 1>a pretty dangerous prey. It can trample the dragon, it

0:12:54.040 --> 0:12:58.480
<v Speaker 1>can can Yeah, So, like I said, they're opportunists. So

0:12:58.520 --> 0:13:00.960
<v Speaker 1>it's like it's a matter of one of these dragons

0:13:00.960 --> 0:13:04.840
<v Speaker 1>getting cocky enough and hungry enough to dare to take

0:13:04.880 --> 0:13:07.720
<v Speaker 1>that bite, and then it's weeks of waiting for the

0:13:07.800 --> 0:13:09.439
<v Speaker 1>thing to die. And so they had to sit there

0:13:09.440 --> 0:13:11.760
<v Speaker 1>and wait for the water buffalo to die and and

0:13:11.880 --> 0:13:13.520
<v Speaker 1>trail it all over the island. Yeah, and they end

0:13:13.559 --> 0:13:15.800
<v Speaker 1>up getting really attached. I mean maybe not attached, but

0:13:16.280 --> 0:13:18.400
<v Speaker 1>you know, if you're watching like a pack of you know,

0:13:18.480 --> 0:13:21.959
<v Speaker 1>eight komotos um, you know, waiting to devour a water

0:13:22.000 --> 0:13:26.080
<v Speaker 1>buffalo basically devour it alive, you know, who are you

0:13:26.080 --> 0:13:30.240
<v Speaker 1>gonna sympathize with? Not the dragon really so um. So

0:13:30.320 --> 0:13:32.120
<v Speaker 1>there was a whole emotional side to that. And then

0:13:32.240 --> 0:13:35.920
<v Speaker 1>just just being around like too dangerous creatures because water

0:13:35.960 --> 0:13:38.959
<v Speaker 1>buffalo gets stooked, it can run you over. Uh. And

0:13:39.040 --> 0:13:41.440
<v Speaker 1>the komodos, like I said, they're not opposed to taking

0:13:41.440 --> 0:13:43.960
<v Speaker 1>a bite out of a human if the opportunity presents itself.

0:13:44.080 --> 0:13:46.600
<v Speaker 1>Did the staff have any close calls. Yeah, yeah, they did. Well,

0:13:46.600 --> 0:13:49.040
<v Speaker 1>they had some some local guides that came along with

0:13:49.080 --> 0:13:51.680
<v Speaker 1>him with sticks. Uh. We just kind of like push

0:13:51.760 --> 0:13:53.120
<v Speaker 1>them out of the way if they got too close

0:13:53.160 --> 0:13:55.360
<v Speaker 1>to the camera. But there was one scene he was

0:13:55.360 --> 0:13:58.840
<v Speaker 1>telling me about where, um, this was early in the chase.

0:13:58.880 --> 0:14:00.679
<v Speaker 1>I guess the water buffalo sor hat a fair amount

0:14:00.679 --> 0:14:02.560
<v Speaker 1>of energy and the water buffalo was moving through the

0:14:02.600 --> 0:14:07.040
<v Speaker 1>forest and the komodos we're chasing after it. So the cameraman,

0:14:07.120 --> 0:14:09.079
<v Speaker 1>the life camera crew, they just said, hey, let's we're

0:14:09.080 --> 0:14:11.600
<v Speaker 1>gonna flank this this this buffalo, get ahead of it,

0:14:11.800 --> 0:14:14.439
<v Speaker 1>film it coming towards us, and then we'll film the

0:14:14.559 --> 0:14:17.280
<v Speaker 1>komodos following it. And I think it was like like

0:14:17.320 --> 0:14:21.240
<v Speaker 1>there were five komodos trailing the water buffalo at that time.

0:14:21.440 --> 0:14:23.160
<v Speaker 1>So he gets ahead and they booth get ahead, they

0:14:23.160 --> 0:14:26.240
<v Speaker 1>set up the camera and they only see four komodo

0:14:26.320 --> 0:14:29.440
<v Speaker 1>dragons and yeah, yeah, and then one of the dudes

0:14:29.480 --> 0:14:31.400
<v Speaker 1>it's like like, hey, they're just four. And then another

0:14:31.440 --> 0:14:33.960
<v Speaker 1>guy goes goes, hey, you know behind you look, it

0:14:34.040 --> 0:14:36.800
<v Speaker 1>turns around and there's a komodo coming right behind him.

0:14:36.960 --> 0:14:39.120
<v Speaker 1>Like the komodo had the same plan as the cameraman

0:14:39.240 --> 0:14:43.080
<v Speaker 1>to flank the prey and you know, one bite from

0:14:43.120 --> 0:14:45.960
<v Speaker 1>those guys and uh, you know it's not a pretty picture. Yeah,

0:14:45.960 --> 0:14:47.440
<v Speaker 1>so you guys are gonna have to check out Life

0:14:47.440 --> 0:14:49.760
<v Speaker 1>when It comes out, because it's a pretty amazing series.

0:14:50.800 --> 0:14:52.600
<v Speaker 1>Might even make you want to get a pet Komodo.

0:14:52.720 --> 0:14:55.240
<v Speaker 1>I don't know. I think on that one you'll look

0:14:55.280 --> 0:14:57.720
<v Speaker 1>pretty awesome being the only person in your neighborhood with

0:14:57.760 --> 0:15:01.360
<v Speaker 1>a Komodo on a chain. Yeah, definitely. So if you

0:15:01.360 --> 0:15:03.120
<v Speaker 1>have any thoughts about commotives or just want to send

0:15:03.160 --> 0:15:05.560
<v Speaker 1>us an email, you know where to find us signed

0:15:05.560 --> 0:15:07.880
<v Speaker 1>stuff at how stuff works dot com, or brush up

0:15:07.880 --> 0:15:09.840
<v Speaker 1>on commotive at um over at the site, or come

0:15:09.920 --> 0:15:12.400
<v Speaker 1>check out the blogs. We're gonna be blogging quite a

0:15:12.400 --> 0:15:15.600
<v Speaker 1>bit about Life when It Starts, aaring and uh, as

0:15:15.640 --> 0:15:18.480
<v Speaker 1>well as any other interesting scientific kidbit that comes our way.

0:15:19.160 --> 0:15:28.240
<v Speaker 1>All right, thanks for listening, guys. For more on this

0:15:28.440 --> 0:15:30.920
<v Speaker 1>and thousands of other topics, is it how stuff works

0:15:30.960 --> 0:15:34.360
<v Speaker 1>dot com. Want more how stuff works, check out our

0:15:34.400 --> 0:15:56.680
<v Speaker 1>blogs on the house stuff works dot com home page.