WEBVTT - HMS Victory 0:00:03.320 --> 0:00:06.400 Get in touch with technology with tech stuff from house 0:00:06.440 --> 0:00:14.600 stuff works dot com either everyone, and welcome to tech Stuff. 0:00:14.680 --> 0:00:18.000 I'm Jonathan Strickland and I'm Lauren, and Lauren I kind 0:00:18.000 --> 0:00:20.840 of wanted to uh start things up with something that 0:00:21.040 --> 0:00:23.520 we need to do more of. We absolutely do. You 0:00:23.600 --> 0:00:25.400 brought this up and you said we have got to 0:00:25.400 --> 0:00:27.639 do more of this, and I completely agree. We're going 0:00:27.680 --> 0:00:30.000 to go back a little ways to something that we 0:00:30.080 --> 0:00:31.440 used to do on text stuff all the time. And 0:00:31.520 --> 0:00:33.839 ladies and gentlemen, yes, I am talking about a return 0:00:33.960 --> 0:00:39.080 to listener mail. I don't know why I leaned back 0:00:39.120 --> 0:00:41.680 from the microphone, probably like that I was going to say, 0:00:43.159 --> 0:00:46.239 I'm wearing heads. I didn't do a longtime listeners of 0:00:46.360 --> 0:00:48.519 tech stuff. Realized that I used to do a big 0:00:48.640 --> 0:00:53.279 listener mail thing. But we know, and yeah, we're not 0:00:53.320 --> 0:00:55.280 We're not gonna We're not gonna subject you to all that. 0:00:55.320 --> 0:00:57.360 It's a kinder, gentler tech stuff. But we do have 0:00:57.440 --> 0:00:59.480 some amazing listener mail that we wanted to talk about. 0:00:59.520 --> 0:01:02.720 And in fact, this one was incredibly long. There were 0:01:02.760 --> 0:01:06.200 there were three big suggestions in it, and so we 0:01:06.240 --> 0:01:07.800 had to pare it down. So I'm just going to 0:01:07.880 --> 0:01:11.600 read the part that refers were actually doing for this episode, 0:01:12.080 --> 0:01:14.240 so it goes Hi, guys, thanks for making the podcast. 0:01:14.319 --> 0:01:16.280 I listened all the time at work as I drive 0:01:16.480 --> 0:01:19.840 so much. My favorite episodes are the really long ones 0:01:19.880 --> 0:01:22.679 where you really get stuck into the history of a company, 0:01:22.720 --> 0:01:25.640 like the Amazon podcast. I'm guessing you must have loved 0:01:25.640 --> 0:01:30.000 the HBO trilogy. But here goes the actual request. The 0:01:30.200 --> 0:01:33.720 HMS Victory and HMS Warrior are interesting subjects, partly because 0:01:33.720 --> 0:01:36.000 the Victory is still a commissioned ship in the Royal 0:01:36.120 --> 0:01:39.320 Navy and is the oldest commission warship in the world. 0:01:39.560 --> 0:01:41.600 The Constitution in the United States of America is the 0:01:41.640 --> 0:01:45.320 oldest still afloat, but also because the technology used was 0:01:45.360 --> 0:01:48.520 amazing for its time. The HMS Warrior had such strong 0:01:48.600 --> 0:01:50.920 armor that they used modern weapons of the time to 0:01:51.000 --> 0:01:54.280 test the armor fired at point blank range. Keep up 0:01:54.280 --> 0:01:57.080 the great work, Simon. Well, Simon, thank you very much. 0:01:57.080 --> 0:02:00.040 We're gonna talk specifically about the Victory because as we 0:02:00.040 --> 0:02:02.640 were doing our research and building out the history for this, 0:02:03.280 --> 0:02:05.800 we realized we could not truly do justice to both 0:02:05.880 --> 0:02:08.600 subjects if we tried to cram them into a single episode. 0:02:08.639 --> 0:02:10.320 All right, because I don't know about you guys, but 0:02:10.440 --> 0:02:14.160 I was not, you know, really intimately familiar with the 0:02:14.200 --> 0:02:17.760 technical workings of warships up until I did this research. 0:02:17.800 --> 0:02:20.399 And there's a lot to them. There's so many, i mean, 0:02:21.000 --> 0:02:24.640 really cutting edge naval technology was being used to create 0:02:24.680 --> 0:02:26.400 these things, and so we really wanted to go in 0:02:26.480 --> 0:02:28.920 depth into what this thing looked like and how it 0:02:28.960 --> 0:02:31.520 was constructed. And even to do that, you had to 0:02:31.520 --> 0:02:34.000 go back and look at the history of the British 0:02:34.080 --> 0:02:38.440 Navy because the whole evolution leading up to the victory 0:02:38.639 --> 0:02:41.639 was very important to understand why those developments were so 0:02:41.720 --> 0:02:44.880 instrumental in the victory being such a powerful ship. So 0:02:45.160 --> 0:02:47.680 first things first, before we even go into the history, 0:02:48.120 --> 0:02:49.880 I think it's time for us to take a little tour. 0:02:49.919 --> 0:02:52.440 And Lauren, I'm gonna you're gonna be happy to know. 0:02:53.320 --> 0:02:57.079 Right outside the studio, I've set up an entire peer 0:02:57.680 --> 0:03:00.880 with a ship docked air so I'm going to take 0:03:00.919 --> 0:03:02.400 you on a tour of a boat so i can 0:03:02.440 --> 0:03:04.959 show you what everything is. So it's truly incredible. Is 0:03:05.000 --> 0:03:08.320 Atlanta is landlocked, but but I'm impressed by by this 0:03:08.400 --> 0:03:11.960 modern technology that you have used to accomplish this Simon's 0:03:12.080 --> 0:03:15.280 email was inspirational and I could do no less. So 0:03:15.320 --> 0:03:17.440 it's truly a beautiful day. So yes, so let us 0:03:17.560 --> 0:03:21.800 let us go, let us travel to this ship. Alright. 0:03:21.880 --> 0:03:24.120 So now, Lauren, if you take a look at this ship. Here, 0:03:24.120 --> 0:03:26.960 you see this front part where the the whole of 0:03:27.000 --> 0:03:30.360 the ship is its curving down into the water. So 0:03:30.400 --> 0:03:33.079 the front part of the ship is called the bow. Right, 0:03:33.440 --> 0:03:36.520 So everything that's toward the direction of the bow when 0:03:36.560 --> 0:03:39.120 you're on a ship is called four. So if you're 0:03:39.120 --> 0:03:42.560 walking forward exactly, so if you're walking forward towards the bow, 0:03:42.640 --> 0:03:47.119 you're walking for everything behind you is aft because it's 0:03:47.200 --> 0:03:51.160 after right. Now, the back part of the ship is 0:03:51.200 --> 0:03:55.080 the stern. So if you walk aft, you're walking towards 0:03:55.160 --> 0:03:58.320 the stern. Now you've got to learn your left from 0:03:58.320 --> 0:04:01.040 your right. Oh, I actually know this one, okay. So 0:04:01.120 --> 0:04:03.120 the left side of the ship, if you're if you're 0:04:03.160 --> 0:04:06.800 facing four, you're facing the bow, is the port, yes, 0:04:06.920 --> 0:04:10.240 and the right side is starboard. That's right. Although in 0:04:10.280 --> 0:04:13.960 the old old days, port was also known as larboard, 0:04:14.040 --> 0:04:17.120 so you had larboard and starboard. That's much better. Why 0:04:17.120 --> 0:04:19.840 did that's I mean? I okay, I guess it's a 0:04:19.880 --> 0:04:24.159 little similar when you're yelling, you're shouting pirates off the larboard. Now, 0:04:24.640 --> 0:04:26.560 then you might you know, people said, did you say 0:04:26.600 --> 0:04:30.960 starboard or larboard? Which which gun do have fire? There's 0:04:31.000 --> 0:04:32.800 gonna be a lot of accents in this episode. It's 0:04:32.920 --> 0:04:36.600 left right, right, right. Well, let's see, let's just call 0:04:36.640 --> 0:04:39.000 it port and it's easy to remember. You just hold 0:04:39.040 --> 0:04:40.880 up both your hands and whichever one makes the P. 0:04:41.760 --> 0:04:43.840 Wait a minute, that's not right. No, no no, no, if 0:04:43.839 --> 0:04:45.599 you have a hook, it works, that's true if you 0:04:45.640 --> 0:04:48.039 do alright, So then as long as your left hand 0:04:48.040 --> 0:04:49.880 was the one that was cut off, you're in good shape. 0:04:50.520 --> 0:04:53.080 So Captain Hook not so good because his right hand 0:04:53.120 --> 0:04:55.039 was cut off. And well only in the book and 0:04:55.040 --> 0:04:56.520 the Disney movie is different. You know, we're getting a 0:04:56.520 --> 0:04:58.400 little off track. Okay, let's get back this this tour. 0:04:58.920 --> 0:05:02.640 So we've got the ports and the starboard side. Also 0:05:02.760 --> 0:05:06.880 the apocryphal story that the reason why we call posh 0:05:06.960 --> 0:05:10.240 posh is because it stands it's an acronym that stands 0:05:10.279 --> 0:05:13.279 for port out, starboard home, as in those are the 0:05:13.320 --> 0:05:17.920 sides that face. But that's that's apocryph No, but it's 0:05:17.920 --> 0:05:21.200 commonly said, so top deck of the ship, the weather 0:05:21.320 --> 0:05:24.680 deck so called because it's exposed to the elements. Uh, 0:05:24.760 --> 0:05:28.839 the you don't call them floors on a decks. Yeah, 0:05:28.880 --> 0:05:31.080 so you can go down below decks, but there are 0:05:31.160 --> 0:05:35.440 multiple decks in warships in particular, so typically that deck 0:05:35.520 --> 0:05:39.920 has several raised areas. The front is spelled or castle, 0:05:40.320 --> 0:05:44.760 but it's pronounced forecastle. Sure, okay, just like the the 0:05:44.800 --> 0:05:48.880 person who's in charge of overseeing sailor discipline on a 0:05:48.920 --> 0:05:54.400 ship is spelled boatswain, but it's pronounced boson. I'm I'm 0:05:54.400 --> 0:05:57.320 willing to accept your word. Yeah, there's something about the English. 0:05:57.320 --> 0:06:02.279 They just like to drop entire syllables and and letter 0:06:02.400 --> 0:06:05.040 sounds out of their words until you you hear it 0:06:05.080 --> 0:06:06.680 and you think, how do you spell that? Oh, it's 0:06:06.680 --> 0:06:09.919 spelled or castle, but it's pronounced forecastle. So that's in 0:06:09.920 --> 0:06:12.200 the front of the ship. You know, it's for castle. 0:06:12.480 --> 0:06:14.159 So when you when you break it down like that, 0:06:14.240 --> 0:06:16.440 it makes sense. It's in the forward part of the ship, 0:06:16.480 --> 0:06:19.840 and it's a raised portion of the deck. So this 0:06:19.920 --> 0:06:24.120 is generally used as a place for soldiers to stand, 0:06:24.320 --> 0:06:26.560 and so if your ship is being bordered, there on 0:06:26.600 --> 0:06:30.159 a raised platform where they can fire down onto the 0:06:30.240 --> 0:06:35.279 boarding enemy. That's the ideas. Always get that elevated position. 0:06:36.080 --> 0:06:38.720 Then you have the quarter deck, which is really the 0:06:38.800 --> 0:06:41.479 last quarter of the ship that's in the aft part. 0:06:41.920 --> 0:06:45.920 This tends to be lower, right, it doesn't not necessarily 0:06:46.000 --> 0:06:48.760 raised up. You might have a waste in the middle, 0:06:48.839 --> 0:06:51.880 which is a depression in the middle of your ship. 0:06:51.920 --> 0:06:54.479 That's where you would put boats boats. By the way, 0:06:54.680 --> 0:06:56.039 I'll go ahead and say this, even though I have 0:06:56.080 --> 0:06:58.600 it later in my notes. A boat, here's how technical 0:06:58.600 --> 0:07:01.159 we get. Is a small a vessel to fit aboard 0:07:01.160 --> 0:07:03.239 a ship, and a ship is a large enough vessel 0:07:03.279 --> 0:07:06.680 to carry a boat, just like a mountain is larger 0:07:06.720 --> 0:07:08.839 than a hill, and a hill is smaller than a mountain. 0:07:09.560 --> 0:07:12.000 It's one of those definitions that is not at all useful, 0:07:12.000 --> 0:07:15.440 and I'm glad that that's extremely clear. But that's the way. 0:07:15.480 --> 0:07:17.400 That's the way it works. So then in the very 0:07:17.480 --> 0:07:21.600 after the ship, in most warships, you have another raised deck. 0:07:21.720 --> 0:07:25.760 Now this deck is the infamous poop deck, the poop 0:07:27.160 --> 0:07:31.760 I heard another possibly apocryphal tail that the reason it 0:07:31.800 --> 0:07:35.320 is called a poop deck has nothing to do with evacuation. 0:07:36.880 --> 0:07:38.680 It has to do with the fact that if you 0:07:38.720 --> 0:07:42.200 were to have visitors aboard your ship, you would probably 0:07:42.240 --> 0:07:44.720 put them on board this deck. It's in the very back, 0:07:44.800 --> 0:07:47.400 so they can see everything that's happening because it's raised up. 0:07:47.440 --> 0:07:49.040 It's in the back. You're you're out of the way 0:07:49.080 --> 0:07:51.320 of all the action because all the sailors are having 0:07:51.320 --> 0:07:52.760 to deal with the sales that are in the main 0:07:52.800 --> 0:07:56.920 part of the ship, and they would get quote unquote pooped, 0:07:57.040 --> 0:08:00.480 which I assume means amused when they would see waves 0:08:00.520 --> 0:08:04.000 coming aboard, coming over the side and dousing the sailors 0:08:04.000 --> 0:08:11.080 while whereas they're up. Yeah, stay classy, all right. So 0:08:11.280 --> 0:08:14.000 then you've got the deck below the top deck, which 0:08:14.040 --> 0:08:16.800 is commonly called the gun deck. Now there may or 0:08:16.840 --> 0:08:20.120 may not be guns on the gun deck. Typically on 0:08:20.160 --> 0:08:24.040 your ships you would have the cannon on the weather deck. 0:08:24.240 --> 0:08:27.400 So the top deck right, the gun deck might not 0:08:27.480 --> 0:08:29.280 have any guns on it at all. It may just 0:08:29.320 --> 0:08:31.800 be used for the mess, which is where you eat 0:08:32.120 --> 0:08:35.400 and also the place where you would bunk for the night, 0:08:35.400 --> 0:08:39.679 except instead of bunk, you would hammock. So or if 0:08:39.679 --> 0:08:41.319 you were in a really old ship, you had a 0:08:41.440 --> 0:08:44.280 rope that you would lean on to fall asleep. Yeah, no, 0:08:44.400 --> 0:08:48.360 those were rough days. Um. Also, sometimes in older ships 0:08:48.360 --> 0:08:50.520 you would just have to sleep on the deck of 0:08:50.640 --> 0:08:54.800 the ship. So, uh, yeah, the cannons on the top deck. 0:08:54.840 --> 0:08:57.679 If it were a really sophisticated warship, there would be 0:08:58.080 --> 0:09:00.320 multiple gun decks and there would be can ends on 0:09:00.360 --> 0:09:02.800 each one. Eventually they started figuring out, hey, we should 0:09:02.840 --> 0:09:07.000 put the heavy cannons towards the lower decks because uh 0:09:07.120 --> 0:09:10.440 they provide more stability. But you can't go too low 0:09:10.520 --> 0:09:13.040 because then you're below the waterline and and you open 0:09:13.120 --> 0:09:16.880 up a port, then that's not right. You're you're a 0:09:16.960 --> 0:09:19.760 sinking your ship and being not really effectively shooting in anything. 0:09:19.840 --> 0:09:23.680 No gunpowder when it gets wet, not terribly. Yeah, okay, 0:09:23.679 --> 0:09:27.480 but let's let's go back up above decks and what 0:09:27.520 --> 0:09:30.839 are what are these? What are these giant poles? They 0:09:31.760 --> 0:09:35.480 seem to be masts. Those would be masts, and you 0:09:35.800 --> 0:09:38.800 typically would have multiple masks aboard these ships. You might 0:09:38.840 --> 0:09:42.240 hear of a three master or a four master. These 0:09:42.400 --> 0:09:44.840 refer to the number of masts on the ship. The mass, 0:09:44.880 --> 0:09:48.280 of course, are the poles upon which the sails hang. 0:09:48.440 --> 0:09:52.840 You have some some bars that are horizontal that are 0:09:52.880 --> 0:09:56.240 supported by the masts. Those horizontal bars are called yards 0:09:56.800 --> 0:09:59.840 So if you ever heard yard arm, that is referring 0:09:59.840 --> 0:10:04.439 to these these horizontal poles those support the sales. Of course, 0:10:04.440 --> 0:10:08.040 sales are what provide the propulsion aboard these ships. You know, 0:10:08.080 --> 0:10:10.280 you're using wind power right right. And there's a few 0:10:10.320 --> 0:10:13.400 different different types of sales, lots of different types of sales, 0:10:13.400 --> 0:10:15.880 and some of them are very specific to specific masts. 0:10:15.920 --> 0:10:18.440 So if you have let's say a three mast ship, 0:10:18.880 --> 0:10:21.400 your your first mast is the foremast. That's the one 0:10:21.480 --> 0:10:24.360 closest to the bow, so it's the one closest to 0:10:24.400 --> 0:10:27.680 the foe. You might also have a bowsprit, which is uh, 0:10:27.720 --> 0:10:31.120 an extension of the bow that goes up. So if 0:10:31.120 --> 0:10:32.880 you've ever seen one that has like a really long 0:10:32.960 --> 0:10:35.160 pole that extends out kind of like a nose on 0:10:35.280 --> 0:10:38.400 the ship, that's the bow sprint or or bowsprit, depending 0:10:38.440 --> 0:10:40.800 upon how you want to pronounce it. That may also 0:10:40.840 --> 0:10:42.560 have some sales attached to it. But then you have 0:10:42.600 --> 0:10:45.719 the foremast. Next you would have the main mast or 0:10:45.760 --> 0:10:48.240 the main mast, and then you have the mizzen mast 0:10:48.280 --> 0:10:50.880 in the very back. Uh. If you have a really 0:10:50.880 --> 0:10:53.440 big ship like a foremaster, you might also have a 0:10:53.440 --> 0:10:57.679 Bonaventure mast. Uh, these would have the sales. And like 0:10:57.720 --> 0:11:01.160 you said, there are different kinds of sales. Their jibs, 0:11:01.320 --> 0:11:03.439 which are triangular sales that are usually found in the 0:11:03.480 --> 0:11:05.680 front of the ship, attached to the bow and the 0:11:05.679 --> 0:11:09.320 bow sprit. You have square sails, which would be the topsails, 0:11:09.480 --> 0:11:12.439 the main sails, and the top gallant or to gallant, 0:11:12.559 --> 0:11:14.960 i should say, and the royal sales, which are at 0:11:14.960 --> 0:11:16.760 the very very top. So these are these are the 0:11:16.760 --> 0:11:19.680 square ones. And then you've got these other kind of 0:11:19.800 --> 0:11:26.840 weird trapezoidal shaped sails called spankers. Again, keep a classy kids, Yeah, 0:11:26.880 --> 0:11:30.160 having spankers aboard your ship, it's a good thing. Your 0:11:30.200 --> 0:11:32.839 boson might be one of them. But yeah, no, we're 0:11:32.840 --> 0:11:34.920 talking about sales here. Well, but they are at the 0:11:34.960 --> 0:11:39.360 stern of the ship. Yes they are. The spankers are 0:11:39.400 --> 0:11:45.160 by the poop. So I'm so but sure, I'm sorry. No, no, no, 0:11:45.200 --> 0:11:47.360 it's fine. I was. I was gonna go the same way. 0:11:47.400 --> 0:11:52.480 And it's amazing that we haven't completely fallen apart already. No. 0:11:52.760 --> 0:11:56.920 So you know, the the other big picture of of 0:11:56.920 --> 0:12:00.760 of sailing vessels, the sailor at the helm, the wheel, 0:12:00.800 --> 0:12:03.560 the ship's wheel where the sailor's gripping the wheel tightly, 0:12:03.600 --> 0:12:06.280 there's probably like some sort of storm going on into it, 0:12:06.360 --> 0:12:08.400 and then much much like car driving on TV, you 0:12:08.400 --> 0:12:12.240 just you just twist that thing everywhere. Yeah, no, okay. 0:12:12.280 --> 0:12:16.640 First of all, ship wheels were a relatively late invention 0:12:16.880 --> 0:12:20.000 as far as warships are concerned. The ship's wheel didn't 0:12:20.000 --> 0:12:22.880 come into play until the beginning of the eighteenth century. 0:12:22.920 --> 0:12:25.840 Now that the Victory had a ship's wheel, because that 0:12:25.880 --> 0:12:29.880 was built in the mid eighteenth century, but anything that 0:12:29.960 --> 0:12:33.160 was built before the early eighteenth century did not use 0:12:33.160 --> 0:12:35.199 a wheel, used what was called a whip staff or 0:12:35.240 --> 0:12:37.960 a tiller. So this is essentially like, you know, a 0:12:38.000 --> 0:12:41.240 big tiller is like a lever that you would joystick 0:12:41.640 --> 0:12:44.040 kind of, except it was horizontal, not vertical. You would 0:12:44.080 --> 0:12:45.760 lean against it to the right or to the left 0:12:45.760 --> 0:12:48.760 in order to maneuver the ship, and the wheel was 0:12:48.880 --> 0:12:52.000 meant to emulate that, but doing it through a system 0:12:52.040 --> 0:12:56.320 of essentially ropes and pulls. So um and in fact, 0:12:56.320 --> 0:12:59.040 it took a while for them to perfect the way 0:12:59.240 --> 0:13:02.960 of creating the right tension so that you wouldn't end 0:13:03.040 --> 0:13:05.480 up with slack or too much tension with the wheel 0:13:05.520 --> 0:13:08.480 and thus you would affect the maneuverability of a ship. 0:13:09.080 --> 0:13:13.120 So that concludes our tour. We have seen the basic 0:13:13.240 --> 0:13:15.959 ship here, you know, just I guess we could have 0:13:16.000 --> 0:13:18.400 mentioned that most of the ships also had a large 0:13:18.480 --> 0:13:21.360 cabin for the captain or the commander of the vessel 0:13:21.440 --> 0:13:25.000 to stay in. That cabin typically ends up having at 0:13:25.080 --> 0:13:28.240 least one major compartment for the commander of the ship. 0:13:28.600 --> 0:13:31.240 It's a little more comfortable, it's definitely more spacious than 0:13:31.240 --> 0:13:36.200 the crew quarters. And also typically it's used in battle 0:13:36.240 --> 0:13:38.960 situations as well, So even the captain's room ends up 0:13:39.000 --> 0:13:42.480 getting cleared out for battle, and cannon will be rolled 0:13:42.600 --> 0:13:46.800 in and moved through gun ports. Yeah, so even there, 0:13:46.840 --> 0:13:49.080 every single bit of space that could be used for 0:13:49.120 --> 0:13:53.480 combat on these ships was done. So so if we 0:13:53.559 --> 0:13:56.800 want to really talk about the victory, we gotta look 0:13:56.880 --> 0:14:00.040 back to some of the earlier ships that kind have 0:14:00.200 --> 0:14:03.480 led into it's it's being built. So if you look 0:14:03.559 --> 0:14:05.439 all the way back into the very beginning of the 0:14:05.480 --> 0:14:08.640 English navy, you gotta go back to the fifteenth century, 0:14:08.720 --> 0:14:11.840 So fourteen hundreds, this is when cargo ships called carricks 0:14:12.280 --> 0:14:14.720 were becoming a really popular design in all of Europe, 0:14:14.720 --> 0:14:16.960 not just England, but you know France and Spain, lots 0:14:16.960 --> 0:14:19.440 of countries use these kind of ships that were either 0:14:19.520 --> 0:14:22.480 three or four masted ships and they had a large 0:14:22.560 --> 0:14:27.160 aft castle, so very similar to the forecastle. This would 0:14:27.160 --> 0:14:30.840 be on the aft side obviously the stern side um, 0:14:30.880 --> 0:14:32.480 and they would use a lot of cannons, but they 0:14:32.480 --> 0:14:35.000 would all be on the top deck because at the 0:14:35.040 --> 0:14:38.440 time no one can really figure out how to use 0:14:38.520 --> 0:14:41.440 cannons below decks that would not also risk the ship 0:14:41.560 --> 0:14:44.640 capsizing in the water due to due to water coming 0:14:44.680 --> 0:14:48.320 in through the gun ports. So they were all on 0:14:48.360 --> 0:14:52.680 the top decks, and uh, they were not terribly maneuverable. 0:14:52.960 --> 0:14:56.000 They were pretty top heavy with all those Yeah. So 0:14:56.120 --> 0:14:58.280 like you can imagine if you had to take a 0:14:58.320 --> 0:15:01.880 pretty dramatic turn to the to port or starboard that 0:15:02.040 --> 0:15:05.000 with that top heavy you could capsize the ship. Yeah, 0:15:05.080 --> 0:15:08.240 and in fact that did happen, uh in one notable 0:15:08.280 --> 0:15:10.160 case that we'll talk about in a second. But those 0:15:10.200 --> 0:15:12.400 were the types of chips that were used by like 0:15:12.400 --> 0:15:15.720 like Columbus and Magellan. Absolutely. Yeah. The if you've heard 0:15:15.760 --> 0:15:19.240 about the the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria, 0:15:19.320 --> 0:15:23.320 those were all carricks. Uh. They In fact, as I recalled, 0:15:23.400 --> 0:15:26.560 Columbus called one of them a cow because he felt 0:15:26.560 --> 0:15:31.160 that it steered that way. So but then we move 0:15:31.280 --> 0:15:34.960 forward into the days of good King Henry the Eighth, 0:15:35.000 --> 0:15:41.480 one of the most enlightened, uh egalitarian rulers in English history. 0:15:41.800 --> 0:15:44.400 That's what he's known for. It. Yeah, that that, and 0:15:44.560 --> 0:15:50.400 you know, being brutal and petty and uh and petulant. Yes, um, hey, 0:15:50.680 --> 0:15:53.560 look I know King Henry the Eighth. King Henry the 0:15:53.600 --> 0:15:56.400 eighth is a friend of mine, all right. So at 0:15:56.400 --> 0:15:59.320 the Georgia Renaissance Festival anyway, and the guy who plays 0:15:59.360 --> 0:16:01.640 him does it perfectly because he's like he's like a 0:16:01.640 --> 0:16:04.440 three year old having a timper tentrum all day long. 0:16:04.760 --> 0:16:08.640 He's jovial and and angry. Yeah, that's terrific. At any 0:16:08.680 --> 0:16:11.120 moment he could, he could demand for your head on 0:16:11.160 --> 0:16:14.000 a pike. But Henry the seventh. So, Henry the Eighth's 0:16:14.000 --> 0:16:16.400 father was the first king to really start to establish 0:16:16.440 --> 0:16:20.120 an official navy. Although although most of his naval ships 0:16:20.120 --> 0:16:23.400 were converted merchant ships, yes, that's exactly right, they weren't 0:16:23.400 --> 0:16:27.480 designed to be warships. He was essentially saying, hey, that boat, 0:16:27.520 --> 0:16:31.040 you have it belongs to the crown now and merchants 0:16:31.080 --> 0:16:33.640 will be like, alright, I guess I work for you now, 0:16:33.680 --> 0:16:38.240 all right, you're paying the checks. So yeah. So Henry 0:16:38.280 --> 0:16:41.320 the eighth decided to start commissioning actual warships to be 0:16:41.320 --> 0:16:43.160 built for the English Navy, and one of the first 0:16:43.160 --> 0:16:45.920 ones was called the Mary Rose, named after one of 0:16:45.960 --> 0:16:50.080 Henry the Eighth's siblings, a beloved sister of his who 0:16:50.120 --> 0:16:52.800 did not lose her head. No, no, Mary Rose did 0:16:52.800 --> 0:16:56.160 not lose her head. Um. Yeah, So the mary Rose 0:16:56.400 --> 0:16:59.680 was a pretty phenomenal ship. They managed to do a 0:16:59.720 --> 0:17:02.040 couple of different things. First of all, it was one 0:17:02.040 --> 0:17:04.280 of the first ships of the English Navy to have 0:17:04.359 --> 0:17:07.760 a carvel hull. So there are two major types of 0:17:07.800 --> 0:17:10.239 holes at the time that this ship was built. There 0:17:10.280 --> 0:17:13.359 was the carvel style and the clinker style. The clinker 0:17:13.359 --> 0:17:17.280 style was older and it was done by overlapping boards, 0:17:17.320 --> 0:17:19.359 so that think of it like shingles on a roof. 0:17:19.880 --> 0:17:22.080 So that's what the hull was like. It wasn't smooth. 0:17:22.640 --> 0:17:26.200 It was the shingle depends like the opposite of water dynamic. 0:17:26.359 --> 0:17:31.639 It was hydrodynamic, yeah, exactly. It was not as maneuverable. 0:17:31.760 --> 0:17:34.040 It also had lots of other problems. You could end 0:17:34.119 --> 0:17:38.040 up having leaks as well. Carvel was a way of 0:17:38.359 --> 0:17:40.600 having these be end to end. That's where you get 0:17:40.600 --> 0:17:45.240 that smooth ship appearance and uh and it was kind 0:17:45.280 --> 0:17:47.840 of a revolutionary way of building ships and it also 0:17:48.200 --> 0:17:51.639 made them even sturdier. Actually, the way that they came 0:17:51.680 --> 0:17:55.119 to build these and put them together. You had a 0:17:55.240 --> 0:17:57.560 keel that that's the backbone of your ship, and then 0:17:57.600 --> 0:17:59.040 you put a frame on it, and then you would 0:17:59.080 --> 0:18:01.800 lay out the boards to side by side and watertight 0:18:02.520 --> 0:18:05.280 that's an important part. Yeah, they put a lot of 0:18:05.320 --> 0:18:08.240 calk in there to keep it watertight. Good. So yeah, 0:18:08.520 --> 0:18:10.439 otherwise your ship is not so much a ship as 0:18:10.440 --> 0:18:12.080 it is a collection of boards is going to get 0:18:12.119 --> 0:18:16.760 you very wet very soon. So then another innovation that 0:18:16.960 --> 0:18:20.040 came about was due to Henry saying, hey, I want 0:18:20.119 --> 0:18:22.600 more guns on this thing. Henry had a lot of 0:18:22.680 --> 0:18:25.560 enemies in Europe. He did not make friends easily. I 0:18:25.760 --> 0:18:28.159 can't imagine why. Actually made friends pretty easily, but he 0:18:28.200 --> 0:18:32.080 forgot them really easily too. So yeah, he he decided 0:18:32.119 --> 0:18:34.119 that he wanted to have gun ports cut into the 0:18:34.200 --> 0:18:36.960 side of the hull in order to have more cannons aboard, 0:18:37.240 --> 0:18:39.960 and shipbuilders were not excited about this idea. As we 0:18:40.000 --> 0:18:42.960 discussed earlier, cannons were typically kept on the top decks 0:18:43.000 --> 0:18:45.400 at the time because they were afraid of I mean, 0:18:45.520 --> 0:18:48.240 anytime you've got extra holes in the side of your chip, Yeah, 0:18:48.280 --> 0:18:50.320 you got a place where water can come in, especially 0:18:50.400 --> 0:18:53.680 during stormy weather. That was the big one, uh, the 0:18:53.800 --> 0:18:57.000 actual weather phenomenon, not the song. So they wanted to 0:18:57.040 --> 0:19:00.560 have some way of having these gun ports used without 0:19:00.680 --> 0:19:03.400 sinking the ships. So they the shipbuilders ended up coming 0:19:03.440 --> 0:19:06.359 up with an innovation for special gun ports that had 0:19:06.400 --> 0:19:09.840 these covers, these heavy lids that could slam down in 0:19:09.880 --> 0:19:12.160 place and were water tight when they were closed, but 0:19:12.200 --> 0:19:15.480 then could be opened for action or battle so that 0:19:15.520 --> 0:19:19.119 the cannon could be wheeled out on these big gun carriages. 0:19:19.160 --> 0:19:21.360 We'll talk about those in a little bit in the 0:19:21.400 --> 0:19:24.600 second half. But then you could you know, wheel the 0:19:24.840 --> 0:19:26.960 guns out and fire. And this would allow you to 0:19:27.000 --> 0:19:29.440 have guns still above the water line. Obviously you can't 0:19:29.440 --> 0:19:33.119 go below it, but it would also provide ability to 0:19:33.320 --> 0:19:36.960 have more stability at the base of the ship. Not 0:19:37.080 --> 0:19:39.679 that it helped out the Mary Rose. You see the 0:19:39.680 --> 0:19:43.360 Mary Rose, well, she was a pretty spectacular ship. Her 0:19:43.400 --> 0:19:46.280 her full crew component was supposed to be around four 0:19:46.400 --> 0:19:49.600 hundred men. That's a big, big shop. I mean, most 0:19:49.600 --> 0:19:51.359 of the boats I've been on, like even even the 0:19:51.359 --> 0:19:54.520 ships I've been on have been schooners, which would never 0:19:54.720 --> 0:19:57.960 have supported like maybe maybe a crew of a dozen 0:19:58.080 --> 0:20:01.639 would be right, but four hundred now on a rating party, 0:20:01.720 --> 0:20:04.200 Like if you wanted to go and invade, say France, 0:20:04.400 --> 0:20:06.680 which you know Henry wanted to do that all the time, 0:20:07.200 --> 0:20:09.280 if you wanted to do that, then that number could 0:20:09.280 --> 0:20:11.879 swell up to seven people aboard this one ship. And 0:20:11.960 --> 0:20:14.760 keep in mind it was it was shoulder to shoulder 0:20:14.760 --> 0:20:18.440 if you had four hundred, so crew quarters were incredibly 0:20:18.480 --> 0:20:21.879 tight if it was completely full like that. So in 0:20:23.480 --> 0:20:25.720 so we're talking more than thirty years after she had 0:20:25.760 --> 0:20:29.800 been launched, the Mary Rose sank and it might have 0:20:29.840 --> 0:20:32.280 been because she was too top heavy. She was it 0:20:32.359 --> 0:20:36.760 was on a mission to blockade some French ships too. 0:20:37.080 --> 0:20:41.280 It was during an actual altercation with France, and as 0:20:41.320 --> 0:20:44.199 she was taking a turn, the story is that she 0:20:44.280 --> 0:20:47.240 took a bad wind. The wind hit her at just 0:20:47.440 --> 0:20:49.560 the right angle just as she was making a tight turn, 0:20:49.640 --> 0:20:52.720 and she was so top heavy. Yeah, she started to 0:20:52.720 --> 0:20:55.640 turn over and then those those lids were opening up 0:20:55.680 --> 0:20:57.800 and that was allowing water in through the gun ports 0:20:57.880 --> 0:21:01.720 and then sank. Hundreds of scale atins have been recovered 0:21:02.119 --> 0:21:04.160 from this, uh, this wreck at least I think it's 0:21:04.160 --> 0:21:06.360 something like a hundred and twenty nine so maybe not hundreds, 0:21:06.400 --> 0:21:09.399 but more than a hundred um so, yeah, it was. 0:21:10.000 --> 0:21:12.920