WEBVTT - How Blackbeard Worked

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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<v Speaker 1>Stuff Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm Katie Lambert and I'm Sarah Dowdy. So Katie, I've

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<v Speaker 1>always really liked pirates. In high school, my friends and

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<v Speaker 1>I used to have kind of good pirate jokes. I

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<v Speaker 1>don't go to conventions or anything like. No, no, no,

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<v Speaker 1>I actually haven't even been a pirate for Halloween, but

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<v Speaker 1>I have. Really I do like them a lot, And

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<v Speaker 1>of course one of my favorites is Blackbeard. Well, I've

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<v Speaker 1>got you covered because the one Halloween I was a pirate,

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<v Speaker 1>and then this past Halloween, I was Abraham Lincoln and

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<v Speaker 1>wore a big black Beard, but mine did not have candlewicks.

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<v Speaker 1>And unlike black Beard. Blackbeard was one of the most

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<v Speaker 1>feared pirates in history. And it's no wonder with the

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<v Speaker 1>smoking fuses and the sashes full of pistols and pistols

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<v Speaker 1>across the chest. He definitely mastered the art of intimidation,

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<v Speaker 1>and he did a lot to keep that reputation up.

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<v Speaker 1>He wanted people fearing him, although we don't have any

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<v Speaker 1>evidence that he ever killed anyone who wasn't trying to

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<v Speaker 1>kill him. But when you're fearsome pirate, that's not exactly

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<v Speaker 1>the kind of rumor you want to spread around. The

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<v Speaker 1>intimidation kind of saves you a lot of work. You

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<v Speaker 1>just fire a few warning shots and the ship gets

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<v Speaker 1>handed over to you. You don't have to go through

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<v Speaker 1>the trouble of actually fighting and swashbuckling. So every story

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<v Speaker 1>that spreads around, like black Beard slicing off a passenger's

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<v Speaker 1>finger when he wouldn't give him his ring, that all

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<v Speaker 1>builds up to the great black Beard legend. But of

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<v Speaker 1>course Blackbeard wasn't always a pirate, and he obviously had

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<v Speaker 1>another name. He was born probably in Bristol, England, although

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<v Speaker 1>that's debated around six nine, as Edward Teach or possibly

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<v Speaker 1>Edward Thatch, no one's quite sure, which will be a

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<v Speaker 1>theme in black beards life. Somebody who's so surrounded in legend,

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<v Speaker 1>there's going to be a lot of conflicting information about him.

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<v Speaker 1>So Teach enlisted as a privateer for the British in

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<v Speaker 1>the War of Spanish Succession, which went from seventeen o

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<v Speaker 1>one to seventeen thirteen. Privateers were right on the cusp

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<v Speaker 1>of legal The British government obviously wanted to have as

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<v Speaker 1>big of a navy as possible, but they could enhance

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<v Speaker 1>it a little bit with privateers, which were allowed to

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<v Speaker 1>sack French and Spanish ships and take a share of

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<v Speaker 1>the booty for themselves, which would help you develop your

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<v Speaker 1>pirating skills. But of course the war comes to an

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<v Speaker 1>end eventually and privateers are no longer allowed to go

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<v Speaker 1>around sacking French and Spanish ships, and there are a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of people out of work, and some of them

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<v Speaker 1>end up turning to piracy. And the golden age of

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<v Speaker 1>piracy was the late seventeenth to the early eighteen centuries,

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<v Speaker 1>and as far as a mayor could goes, there have

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<v Speaker 1>been a bunch of laws passed by the British Parliament

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<v Speaker 1>which had made smuggling something that was a bit more

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<v Speaker 1>desirable because British imports were so expensive British taxes, right,

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<v Speaker 1>you could buy things so much cheaper from a pirate

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<v Speaker 1>than you could from them. So they would attack merchant

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<v Speaker 1>ships carrying grain, molasses, rum, rope, tools, ammunition, pretty much everything,

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<v Speaker 1>and go ahead and sell it to the colonists. And

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<v Speaker 1>because North Carolina's outer banks have shallow sounds and inlets,

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<v Speaker 1>it was a pirate's favorite hideout place, which is where

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<v Speaker 1>black Beard established his home base, but that wasn't until

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<v Speaker 1>seventeen eighteen, and before that he had to get in

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<v Speaker 1>some more pirate training. He did, and he did that

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<v Speaker 1>with Captain Benjamin Hornigold in the Caribbean. So in Blackbeard's

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<v Speaker 1>sort of apprenticeship, almost with Hornigold, they depart together and

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<v Speaker 1>plunder a bunch of Spanish and British ships of their

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<v Speaker 1>coco and cordwood, sugar, rum, molass, this, all of these

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<v Speaker 1>useful things. It's not so much the gold, treasure and jewels,

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<v Speaker 1>which of course is what you think of when you

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<v Speaker 1>think of black beard buried treasure, but you might just

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<v Speaker 1>be finding rum and sugar instead. Yeah, and during this time,

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<v Speaker 1>Teach gets his first captaincy of a small sloop. And

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<v Speaker 1>then the big guns come out when Hornicle's fleet attacks

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<v Speaker 1>a French slave ship called the Concorde that was bound

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<v Speaker 1>for Martinique, and Teach makes this his flagship and renames

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<v Speaker 1>it Queen Anne's Revenge. And it only had fourteen guns

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<v Speaker 1>to start with, so he added a bunch to make

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<v Speaker 1>it up to forty, because you know, you need your

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<v Speaker 1>guns when you're a pirate. It's more than eighty feet long.

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<v Speaker 1>They're three masts, and he also installs a cannon. And

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<v Speaker 1>Teach probably took this ship with his classic intimidation methods.

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<v Speaker 1>Rather than a bloody fight, It's likely he just fired

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<v Speaker 1>some warning shots and hoisted up the pirate flag, and

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<v Speaker 1>you know, the guys through and they don't want any

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<v Speaker 1>trouble with Blackbeard. But the captain of the Concorde also

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<v Speaker 1>reported when he got back to France that Teach gave

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<v Speaker 1>him a sloop to finish transporting his cargo of slaves,

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<v Speaker 1>which I was surprised to hear that. I always imagined

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<v Speaker 1>pirates making you walk the plank, and but that sounded

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<v Speaker 1>very gentlemanly, we thought. And Hornagold couldn't be Blackbeard's teacher

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<v Speaker 1>forever because after the war, the British government wanted to

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<v Speaker 1>get rid of all their pirates, so they got an

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<v Speaker 1>officer named Wood's Rogers and hired him as the governor

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<v Speaker 1>of the Bahamas and told him he'd better get rid

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<v Speaker 1>of the pirates. So he said he would grant pardons

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<v Speaker 1>to pirates who agreed to walk the straight and narrow,

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<v Speaker 1>and Hornagold is one of the ones who agreed, and

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<v Speaker 1>he became a pirate hunter. But that's okay with black

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<v Speaker 1>Beard by now, because he's really struck off on his

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<v Speaker 1>own and starts patrolling the Virginia and Carolina coasts for

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<v Speaker 1>his reign of terror from seventeen sixteen seventeen eighteen. So

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<v Speaker 1>we've already mentioned that the Outer Banks as fantastic a

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<v Speaker 1>place for pirates just because of how it's designed, but

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<v Speaker 1>it was also a great place for black Beard himself

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<v Speaker 1>because he met a lovely corrupt politician by the name

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<v Speaker 1>of Charles Eden there who would allow him clemency in

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<v Speaker 1>exchange for very generous bribes. So, in addition to the

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<v Speaker 1>excellent geography of North Carolina and the corrupt governor um he's,

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<v Speaker 1>black Beard actually ends up being kind of a folk hero.

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<v Speaker 1>The people of North Carolina. They're not the wealthy rice

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<v Speaker 1>growers or tobacco growers like South Carolina or Virginia, so

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<v Speaker 1>they're more okay with this deal where they get essentially

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<v Speaker 1>duty free goods from black Beard in exchange for sort

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<v Speaker 1>of letting him, letting him hang in the Outer Banks

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<v Speaker 1>and the folk here stuff also comes from Blackbeard's challenge

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<v Speaker 1>to the oppress of authority. He's lauded for sticking a

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<v Speaker 1>hot poker into the eye of British official, which sounds

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<v Speaker 1>pretty awful. But I feel that that's a running theme

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<v Speaker 1>and all the stuff that we've done about gangsters and

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<v Speaker 1>outlaws in any way, part of it is public opinion

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<v Speaker 1>of them being the hero who is the only one

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<v Speaker 1>who's willing to go up against corrupt authority. But it

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<v Speaker 1>also seems that that opinion always turned at some point

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<v Speaker 1>the the outlaw does something which just pushes the reputation

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<v Speaker 1>over the edge. And for black Beard, this is in

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<v Speaker 1>May seventeen eighteen in Charleston, so with four vessels and

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<v Speaker 1>as many as four hundred pirates, black Beard captures eight

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<v Speaker 1>or nine ships coming into and out of Charleston over

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<v Speaker 1>about a week, and he holds the cruise of the

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<v Speaker 1>ship's hostage, along with their passengers and passengers, their kids

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<v Speaker 1>on board, women on board, and um. Black Beard demands

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<v Speaker 1>a chest of medicine in exchange for the lives of

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<v Speaker 1>his passengers, but Charleston takes a while the pony up yes,

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<v Speaker 1>and in the mean time, the pirates have decided they're

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<v Speaker 1>not going to get it, and they've set all the

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<v Speaker 1>citizens up to be hanged like preparations are underway. They're

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<v Speaker 1>about to die, and Charleston eventually comes up with the

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<v Speaker 1>ransom and gets their people back, but not before the

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<v Speaker 1>pirates have taken all of their clothing and jewelry. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>they returned to shore almost naked, as the outraged description

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<v Speaker 1>is sent back to England. But all of this goes

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<v Speaker 1>down pretty quickly, and within a week of the Charleston

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<v Speaker 1>hostage situation, the Queen Ann's Revenge is grounded on a

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<v Speaker 1>sandbar near the entrance to present day Beefort Inlet, and

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<v Speaker 1>it's likely that Blackbeard beach this on purpose. He knew

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<v Speaker 1>how to sail a ship and how to scurry around

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<v Speaker 1>through the outer bank, so it's unlikely that he would

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<v Speaker 1>accidentally ground his ship um and it's possible he was

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<v Speaker 1>considering some kind of retirement or at least at least

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<v Speaker 1>trying to dismand this group of four hundred pirates and

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<v Speaker 1>break him up a little bit. Some people say he

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<v Speaker 1>marooned a bunch of pirates on one of the sandbars

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<v Speaker 1>when he left, and then took provisions from one of

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<v Speaker 1>the other ships and got out of there. In addition

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<v Speaker 1>to the blackade at Charleston. Black Beard by this point

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<v Speaker 1>had captured something like fifty ships, and he was also

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<v Speaker 1>charging tolls for other people's ships to make it through

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<v Speaker 1>Pamlico Sound. So things were beginning to come to a head.

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<v Speaker 1>And while North Carolina and Charles Eden were pretty okay

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<v Speaker 1>with the pirrating money off the whole situation right, the

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<v Speaker 1>rich Virginia planters and South Carolina planters were not, and

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<v Speaker 1>they appealed to the Governor of Virginia, Alexander spots Would

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<v Speaker 1>to do something about it, and he engages Lieutenant Robert

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<v Speaker 1>Maynard of the Royal Navy to hunt down black Beard.

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<v Speaker 1>And it's not as hard as it sounds to find

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<v Speaker 1>black Beard. He's you know, you'd think it would be

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<v Speaker 1>difficult to find a pirate, right, not if he's throwing

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<v Speaker 1>the biggest pirate party known to man on Ocracoke Island,

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<v Speaker 1>which I would kind of like to be invited to.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know, it might sound more fun than it

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<v Speaker 1>really was. Drinking, womanizing, and pirates from all over the

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<v Speaker 1>world were invited to come, and come they did and

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<v Speaker 1>made a complete spectacle out of themselves. So during this

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<v Speaker 1>drunken pirates shindig, Maynard shows up with his sloops intending

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<v Speaker 1>to kill or capture Blackbeard, and the pirates are aware

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<v Speaker 1>that Maynard is there, but they're trapped between this island

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<v Speaker 1>and a sandbar, so they prepare themselves over the night,

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<v Speaker 1>and well accounts a Blackbeard was very calm. His pirates

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<v Speaker 1>were starting to get worried. Yeah, they were freaking out

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<v Speaker 1>a little bit. He kept drinking. Everyone else went out

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<v Speaker 1>and put sand on the decks in case there was blood,

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<v Speaker 1>and so blankets and water in case there were fires,

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<v Speaker 1>and began preparations battle. And Teach only has twenty men too,

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<v Speaker 1>while Mannard has about sixty. But teach his man advantage

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<v Speaker 1>here is mounted weapons on his sloop, which is called

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<v Speaker 1>the adventure. So in the morning, everyone's kind of expecting

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<v Speaker 1>Teach to try to make a getaway. Instead he waits

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<v Speaker 1>and Maynard's men start to approach, and then at the

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<v Speaker 1>last minute, Teach just shoots off to a little winding

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<v Speaker 1>channel which no one else saw. Yes, it's right by

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<v Speaker 1>a sandbar, and Mannerd's men all get stuck. But Mannard

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<v Speaker 1>is pretty good captain, and he tells everybody to start

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<v Speaker 1>throwing extra supplies overboard, and so they lighten the ships

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<v Speaker 1>enough that they're able to sail free, and Maynard recounts

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<v Speaker 1>that Teach drink damn nation to me and my men,

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<v Speaker 1>whom he styled cowardly puppies an insult. Iron're going to

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<v Speaker 1>be your new insult, killing someone a cow actually beware.

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<v Speaker 1>And at this point Blackbeard's crew is bombarding Synard's ship

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<v Speaker 1>with iron scraps and nails from the guns, basically everything

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<v Speaker 1>they've got, and so Maynard and his men going hide

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<v Speaker 1>below deck, all tricky like, and because the ship is

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<v Speaker 1>so quiet after this bombardment, they're even grenades involved. Teach

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<v Speaker 1>thinks that they're dead, and the pirates board the ship,

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<v Speaker 1>black Beard included, and all of a sudden, Maynards men

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<v Speaker 1>rush out their lives prize the gotcha moment and teaching

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<v Speaker 1>Maynard go to a face to face battle that actually

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<v Speaker 1>gets written about in the London papers, and it's really

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<v Speaker 1>it looks like it should be in an action movie

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<v Speaker 1>Maynards story, if it hasn't already. Maynards sort has spent.

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<v Speaker 1>He shoots black Beard. Um black Beard survives after being shot,

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<v Speaker 1>and obviously guns are they put a big hole in you.

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<v Speaker 1>At this point, and one of Maynard's men jumps in

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<v Speaker 1>that the last minute of this brutal fight between these

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<v Speaker 1>two men and slashes Blackbeard's neck, and um, I don't

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<v Speaker 1>know how he did this with a with a bloody

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<v Speaker 1>slash neck, but black Beard apparently says, well done, lad

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<v Speaker 1>are maybe apocryphal, but it's still a good detail. But

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<v Speaker 1>when he died, he'd been shot multiple times and stabbed

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<v Speaker 1>multiple times and kept fighting until the very very end.

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<v Speaker 1>And Maynard's man actually cuts off black Beard's head, which

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<v Speaker 1>is strung up on the ship as a warning to

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<v Speaker 1>other pirates. And Maynards searched and searched for black Beard's treasure,

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<v Speaker 1>as people have been doing for years, but all he

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<v Speaker 1>found were supplies and letters. And during the fight, eight

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<v Speaker 1>of the other pirates were killed. Some cried for mercy

0:13:51.080 --> 0:13:53.920
<v Speaker 1>and some were arrested and they were brought to trial,

0:13:54.120 --> 0:13:57.720
<v Speaker 1>and all but two were hanged. So the pirates didn't

0:13:57.720 --> 0:14:00.000
<v Speaker 1>get off so easily either. And this was pretty much

0:14:00.240 --> 0:14:03.160
<v Speaker 1>the end of piracy, or at least the golden age

0:14:03.160 --> 0:14:06.800
<v Speaker 1>of piracy. That was November twenty, seventeen eighteen, when black

0:14:06.840 --> 0:14:10.520
<v Speaker 1>Beard was killed. So in addition to the legend about

0:14:10.559 --> 0:14:14.920
<v Speaker 1>the treasure, there's another pretty amazing one about Black Beards skull.

0:14:15.240 --> 0:14:17.520
<v Speaker 1>So his head is hung up on the ship. But

0:14:17.800 --> 0:14:21.400
<v Speaker 1>what happens to the skull? Maybe it went to the

0:14:21.520 --> 0:14:26.920
<v Speaker 1>University of Virginia. There's a legend that says the skull

0:14:27.000 --> 0:14:30.440
<v Speaker 1>was dipped in silver and kept by the university, where

0:14:30.520 --> 0:14:34.200
<v Speaker 1>fraternity members were once required to drink from it upon

0:14:34.240 --> 0:14:37.000
<v Speaker 1>their initiation of a great grandfather who went to the

0:14:37.040 --> 0:14:39.560
<v Speaker 1>University of Virginia. Now I'm starting to wonder was he

0:14:39.680 --> 0:14:43.360
<v Speaker 1>in a fraternity as a former member of the Greek system.

0:14:43.440 --> 0:14:47.080
<v Speaker 1>I salute to uv A for a great rumor. You

0:14:47.120 --> 0:14:50.280
<v Speaker 1>can actually go visit black Beard Island. It was acquired

0:14:50.320 --> 0:14:53.040
<v Speaker 1>by the Navy Department and then in nineteen twenty four

0:14:53.680 --> 0:14:57.240
<v Speaker 1>was made a preserve and breeding ground for wildlife and birds.

0:14:57.320 --> 0:14:59.440
<v Speaker 1>You can only go there by boat, which I feel

0:14:59.480 --> 0:15:03.120
<v Speaker 1>is fitting quaint now is it? Do so? If you'd

0:15:03.160 --> 0:15:06.120
<v Speaker 1>like to learn more about piracy from Black Beards Time

0:15:06.160 --> 0:15:09.600
<v Speaker 1>to today, check out How Pirates Work at how stuff

0:15:09.600 --> 0:15:12.600
<v Speaker 1>works dot com, and if you have any suggestions you'd

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0:15:15.720 --> 0:15:19.480
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0:15:19.520 --> 0:15:23.280
<v Speaker 1>thousands of other topics, visit how stuff works dot com.

0:15:23.400 --> 0:15:25.520
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