WEBVTT - US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer Talks US Trade Policy

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<v Speaker 1>Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio news.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm here with the Ambassador Jamison Greer here on the

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<v Speaker 2>sidelines at the Aspense Security Forum.

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<v Speaker 3>Great to have you with us.

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<v Speaker 2>And you were just on a panel and you said

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<v Speaker 2>you have an aversion to making news.

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<v Speaker 3>I'm going to try.

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<v Speaker 2>Nonetheless, I think there are a lot of folks wondering

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<v Speaker 2>about Brazil, in particular, seen as this test case for

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<v Speaker 2>the Section three oh one tariffs statutory deadline is today.

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<v Speaker 2>Anything that you can say about the process and where

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<v Speaker 2>it stands and what we can.

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<v Speaker 3>Expect it's today.

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<v Speaker 1>So our Section three oh one investigations, they are legal investigations.

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<v Speaker 1>We have two sets of hearings, we do two sets

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<v Speaker 1>of public comments, and we're focused on unfair trading practices

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<v Speaker 1>by Brazil.

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<v Speaker 3>So we have to have a legal basis to do this.

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<v Speaker 1>And there are all kinds of things that Brazil has

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<v Speaker 1>been doing. They've been censoring our digital tech companies. They've

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<v Speaker 1>been restricting our access for ethanol to their market. They've

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<v Speaker 1>been actually engaging in illegal deforestation in the Amazon, which

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<v Speaker 1>gives them a leg up on all the agg where

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<v Speaker 1>they displace our ag exports to third countries. So there

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<v Speaker 1>are a lot of things like this that have been

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<v Speaker 1>problem for a long time with Brazil. So we've been

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<v Speaker 1>investigating this. Today we'll announce our final action. I had

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<v Speaker 1>a conversation, a video conversation with my counterpartn Brazil last night,

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<v Speaker 1>very cordial. We've had intensive negotiations with them. I think

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<v Speaker 1>there's still a lot of gaps between us, so we

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<v Speaker 1>probably have to have some kind of action, but then

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<v Speaker 1>continued discussions.

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<v Speaker 2>I think expectation twenty five percent in line with what

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<v Speaker 2>you're thinking in terms of the range.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, this is what was proposed by my office at

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<v Speaker 1>the presence direction, so this is probably what we're looking at. Again,

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<v Speaker 1>I don't want to get ahead of the president. He's

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<v Speaker 1>signing something today. I just got off the phone with

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<v Speaker 1>him and so we'll have more details to come. But

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<v Speaker 1>again I just want to emphasize these are unfair trading

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<v Speaker 1>practices that Brazil has had in place against American exporters

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<v Speaker 1>and workers for many years. The President is trying to

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<v Speaker 1>resolve these and we're doing it by negotiation. Where we

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<v Speaker 1>need to use leverage of tariffs, that's what we're allowed

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<v Speaker 1>to do with Section three oh one. We'll do that

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<v Speaker 1>where it's necessary.

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<v Speaker 2>Ask you about Vietnam as well. All I understand representatives

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<v Speaker 2>of Vietnam have been in Washington meeting with your staff.

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<v Speaker 3>Any update that you can give us.

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<v Speaker 2>On the status of those negotiations.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, So we have Vietnamese officials in Washington this week

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<v Speaker 1>negotiating with all of the trade deals we've done over

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<v Speaker 1>the past year and a half, all of them have

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<v Speaker 1>had some core issues. Obviously tariffs, we want other countries

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<v Speaker 1>to take down their tariffs, non tariff barriers where they

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<v Speaker 1>restrict US exports of goods and services. Also things like

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<v Speaker 1>economic security where if we're going to be shipping them

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<v Speaker 1>some of our high tech equipment, they need to align

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<v Speaker 1>with us on export controls and other things. So this

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<v Speaker 1>is something we expect from the Vietnamese. And then there

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<v Speaker 1>are things like just basic standards of intellectual property and

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<v Speaker 1>other things. The type of things that the rules that

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<v Speaker 1>our companies abide by we want them to do so

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<v Speaker 1>as well. So I have a separate investigation with Vietnam

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<v Speaker 1>involving intellectual property because they've been a bad actor in

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<v Speaker 1>this space. So these are the types of things intellectual property,

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<v Speaker 1>economic security, where we still have open areas of discussion.

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<v Speaker 2>Switzerland's top trade diplomatical Bloomberg, there's a good chance they'll

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<v Speaker 2>get to a fifteen percent deal and stable. Can you

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<v Speaker 2>confirm that negotiations with Switzerland are going well.

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<v Speaker 3>Well, I know that's what they want.

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<v Speaker 1>I know that is the substance of a framework agreement

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<v Speaker 1>we agreed to a few months ago.

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<v Speaker 3>One interesting thing with Switzerland.

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<v Speaker 1>We've been very concerned with our trade deafs with Switzerland,

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<v Speaker 1>but over the past six to seven months, the United

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<v Speaker 1>States is now in surplus with Switzerland in goods. So

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<v Speaker 1>that's a really positive development. The Swiss are investing here

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<v Speaker 1>in America. In fact, this week I'm going to visit

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<v Speaker 1>a plant in Utah where they are producing railway equipment.

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<v Speaker 1>It's a Swiss company. They're coming here that bringing their

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<v Speaker 1>apprenticeship program. So the Swiss are doing a lot of

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<v Speaker 1>the things they need to do to get right with

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<v Speaker 1>the US. Negotiations are still ongoing, so I can't guarantee anything,

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<v Speaker 1>but there's positive direction there.

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<v Speaker 2>Ask you about the sanctions bill newly elevated after the

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<v Speaker 2>passing of Senator Lindsey Graham. Senator Richard Blumenthal said, you've

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<v Speaker 2>been involved in conversations about that is it in a

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<v Speaker 2>place now that the White House that you and the

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<v Speaker 2>White House are happy with.

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<v Speaker 1>So there are a lot of elements to this bill.

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<v Speaker 1>There's a teriff element, there's a sanctions element, all of

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<v Speaker 1>which are designed to give the President discretion to deploy

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<v Speaker 1>pressure on Russia and those who are supporting Russia. So

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<v Speaker 1>we've worked very constructively with the Senate on this. There

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<v Speaker 1>are a lot of good things to be said about it.

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<v Speaker 1>I just spoke with the President about it as well,

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<v Speaker 1>so I think there's an openness there. I think we'll

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<v Speaker 1>see within the next couple of days, you know, final

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<v Speaker 1>views from the President on whether he wants to be supportive.

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<v Speaker 1>I think that we have it in a pretty good place.

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<v Speaker 1>I think it's meaningful that this is something that Senator

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<v Speaker 1>Graham and I and Senator Blumenthal and others were working

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<v Speaker 1>on up until his last days, and that's meaningful as well.

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<v Speaker 2>It would give the present the latitude to impose TARRASF

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<v Speaker 2>up to one hundred percent, as I understand it, on

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<v Speaker 2>the largest importers of Russian oil. Any indication from him

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<v Speaker 2>if he's prepared to do that should this be past, well.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, I think you know, when I talk to

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<v Speaker 1>the President about this kind of issue. He wants to

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<v Speaker 1>be careful about the way he deploys this kind of leverage.

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<v Speaker 1>Geopolitics are very fragile, and this is something whether it's

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<v Speaker 1>a terrif action or sanctions action or anything, something that

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<v Speaker 1>the President thinks about very carefully.

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<v Speaker 3>He certainly talks to me.

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<v Speaker 1>He talks to Secretary Best and Secretary Rubio, Secretary Lennik, he.

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<v Speaker 3>Talks to everybody.

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<v Speaker 1>He talks to people outside the government wants to He

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<v Speaker 1>wants to hit the right spot of putting pressure on

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<v Speaker 1>countries and putting pressure on Russia without creating more conflict

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<v Speaker 1>or reducing the likelihood of a peace deal.

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<v Speaker 2>The Section one twenty two tariffs set to expire in

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<v Speaker 2>just a couple of days, really few days from now

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<v Speaker 2>July twenty July twenty fourth, all but certain that the

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<v Speaker 2>three one tariffs wund affect after that. Are we looking

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<v Speaker 2>at perhaps a lapse kind of in coverage.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, the reality is the Section three oh one

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<v Speaker 1>investigations I'm doing, where we've proposed some tariffs, they're on

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<v Speaker 1>their own track. We're moving quickly, deliberately because we want

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<v Speaker 1>to resolve the unfair trading practices that we're targeting with

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<v Speaker 1>these investigations. So we're going to do them as soon

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<v Speaker 1>as we can to get at these practices, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>whether they're you know, day before, day of, day after,

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<v Speaker 1>that's less important to us than making sure we're addressing

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<v Speaker 1>these unfair trading practices and getting the leverage in place

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<v Speaker 1>we need to resolve them.

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<v Speaker 2>Do you have a timetable for one, you're going to

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<v Speaker 2>bring that report to the President when you might see

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<v Speaker 2>them enacted.

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<v Speaker 1>We have a couple, right, so we have a section

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<v Speaker 1>three oh one on forced labor, targeting countries who don't

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<v Speaker 1>ban the import of forced labor goods. We do in America,

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<v Speaker 1>other countries don't. Some have a law, but they don't

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<v Speaker 1>necessarily enforce it. So we already have our report out

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<v Speaker 1>on that, and so we can take action I think

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<v Speaker 1>fairly quickly on that within the next few weeks. We

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<v Speaker 1>have another investigations targeting a more compact group of countries

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<v Speaker 1>on structural excess capacity. These are countries who have a

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<v Speaker 1>typically have a big trade deficit with the world or

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<v Speaker 1>a big sorry, a big trade surplus with the world,

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<v Speaker 1>or a big trade surplus with US, or even if

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<v Speaker 1>they don't they may have practices that generate factories or

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<v Speaker 1>production that are totally out of whack with global demand.

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<v Speaker 3>So this is a quite intense project.

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<v Speaker 1>I have dozens and dozens of attorneys and policy makers

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<v Speaker 1>working on this to really examine all of these practices.

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<v Speaker 1>So it takes a little longer time than doing this

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<v Speaker 1>forced labor one, which is a little bit of a

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<v Speaker 1>binary where you're looking at you know, what do they

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<v Speaker 1>have in place and are they enforcing it?

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<v Speaker 3>This is more complex, does not.

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<v Speaker 2>Explain the delay entirely or how long it's taking. Or

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<v Speaker 2>there's been reports that maybe China, that China issue is

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<v Speaker 2>complicating it more than it is with the others.

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<v Speaker 1>No, no, I don't think that's the case at all, right,

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<v Speaker 1>I mean China is included in this Structural Excess Capacity

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<v Speaker 1>Section three oh one. The reality is it's a more

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<v Speaker 1>complex investigation, and we have to make sure that we

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<v Speaker 1>are hitting our milestones. You know, we've received a lot

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<v Speaker 1>of comments from the public. We have to analyze those,

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<v Speaker 1>we have to incorporate them into any responsive action we

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<v Speaker 1>might take. So we're trying to make sure that we're

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<v Speaker 1>we're actually living up to the letter of the law

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<v Speaker 1>and the spirit of the law. We want to make

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<v Speaker 1>sure that we're targeting these you know, these unfair trading

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<v Speaker 1>practices that have led to frankly offshoring in the US

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<v Speaker 1>and an inability to build new factories at times when

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<v Speaker 1>you have other countries that are building factories or they're

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<v Speaker 1>depressing demand in their own country. This is not how

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<v Speaker 1>market economics are supposed to work, and it creates a

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<v Speaker 1>situation where there's not enough incentive to build a new

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<v Speaker 1>factory in America or to employ American workers because we

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<v Speaker 1>have over capacity elsewhere. So we want to make sure

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<v Speaker 1>that that capacity is restrained, restricted, or that we mitigate

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<v Speaker 1>it somehow in our own economy so we can have

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<v Speaker 1>market incentives to build here and to make here.

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<v Speaker 2>I want to ask you about rare earths, and I

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<v Speaker 2>wonder how you would assess China's performance when it comes

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<v Speaker 2>to rare earths and as we get close to October,

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<v Speaker 2>do you anticipate that that agreement will be renewed and

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<v Speaker 2>due course.

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<v Speaker 1>So China's compliance with the rare earth elements of our agreements,

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<v Speaker 1>it's not perfect. I think everyone knows that you can

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<v Speaker 1>read that in the paper that being said, we are

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<v Speaker 1>getting a flow of rare earth. We don't have factory

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<v Speaker 1>shutting down because they don't have it. But again, we

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<v Speaker 1>really want to be in a position where we were

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<v Speaker 1>in twenty twenty four and twenty twenty three in Prisident

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<v Speaker 1>Trump's first term, where we had a regular flow of

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<v Speaker 1>rare earth's. We also know that the Chinese they use

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<v Speaker 1>rare earth for economic coercion. They did it in twenty

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<v Speaker 1>ten and twenty eleven, they're doing it now, so it's

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<v Speaker 1>not necessarily surprising.

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<v Speaker 3>But we're continuing, you know, to have some flow.

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<v Speaker 1>And where we have gaps, where we have problems the

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<v Speaker 1>sector of the treasure and I, we work with our

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<v Speaker 1>counterpart in China to try to loosen that flow up.

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<v Speaker 1>Sometimes we're more successful than others. One important thing is

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<v Speaker 1>we're moving forward in the US on rare earth production.

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<v Speaker 1>One of the things I'm doing on my trip out

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<v Speaker 1>west here, I'm going to Utah to visit facility where

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<v Speaker 1>we've already they've discovered rare earth in the Utah Desert

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<v Speaker 1>and they're refining them and further manufacturing them at a

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<v Speaker 1>facility in Utah, which is a great development for US

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<v Speaker 1>national and economic security.

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<v Speaker 2>You've got rare earths there's huge pharmaceutical dependence as well,

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<v Speaker 2>and I wonder how you're thinking about that, the way

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<v Speaker 2>that you can kind of curb our reliance on Chinese

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<v Speaker 2>pharmaceuticals and ingredients.

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<v Speaker 3>We think about this a lot.

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<v Speaker 1>This is really critical because at the end of the day,

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<v Speaker 1>if somehow you lose access to Chinese inputs, it can

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<v Speaker 1>be a huge challenge for our own manufacturing base. And

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<v Speaker 1>some people will say, well, what about India, Fine, but

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of the inputs that India uses also come

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<v Speaker 1>from China. One great thing that we're seeing as we

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<v Speaker 1>try to encourage companies to reshore is we actually have

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<v Speaker 1>commitments from seventeen pharmaceutical companies, you know, the most the

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<v Speaker 1>largest and the most major pharmaceutical companies, not only to

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<v Speaker 1>lower prices of medication here in the US pharmaceutical prices

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<v Speaker 1>have gone down by two point five percent, but they've

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<v Speaker 1>also agreed to reshore here and to manufacture here. And

0:10:18.720 --> 0:10:21.559
<v Speaker 1>so we have companies like Eli Lilly and Novardes and

0:10:21.600 --> 0:10:25.440
<v Speaker 1>others actually pouring concrete and superstructures going up in new

0:10:25.480 --> 0:10:28.599
<v Speaker 1>facilities in North Carolina and Indiana and southern California. So

0:10:28.679 --> 0:10:30.880
<v Speaker 1>this actually, for me, has been a really bright spot

0:10:31.200 --> 0:10:34.000
<v Speaker 1>of our efforts to reshot critical production in America.

0:10:34.280 --> 0:10:37.319
<v Speaker 2>In the trade REPS glossary, transhipments is a word. Yes,

0:10:38.160 --> 0:10:40.959
<v Speaker 2>I'm wondering how you are thinking about monitoring and blocking

0:10:41.000 --> 0:10:42.280
<v Speaker 2>tranship and when it comes to China.

0:10:42.480 --> 0:10:44.360
<v Speaker 1>So it is a gloss it is a word in

0:10:44.400 --> 0:10:46.720
<v Speaker 1>our glossary. But it can mean different things. Right, there's

0:10:46.800 --> 0:10:50.600
<v Speaker 1>kind of like your pure illegal transhipment where something's made

0:10:50.679 --> 0:10:52.880
<v Speaker 1>in China, they send it to Vietnam and they put

0:10:52.920 --> 0:10:54.640
<v Speaker 1>a made in Vietnam sticker and send it over. It's

0:10:54.679 --> 0:10:57.440
<v Speaker 1>just illegal, right, and that's on Customs and Border Protection

0:10:57.559 --> 0:11:01.360
<v Speaker 1>to enforce that right. So do investigations to identify areas

0:11:01.480 --> 0:11:04.199
<v Speaker 1>of fraud and go after it, and we and we're

0:11:04.240 --> 0:11:06.079
<v Speaker 1>doing that. A day or two ago we had a

0:11:06.120 --> 0:11:09.520
<v Speaker 1>big announcement with DOJ teaming up with CPP. They've alread

0:11:09.559 --> 0:11:11.520
<v Speaker 1>found a billion dollars in customs fraud and some of

0:11:11.559 --> 0:11:14.360
<v Speaker 1>that is transhipment. And then you have another issue where

0:11:14.400 --> 0:11:17.960
<v Speaker 1>you have you know country it's often Asian inputs, China, Vietnam.

0:11:18.440 --> 0:11:21.160
<v Speaker 1>They go to a third country, maybe Mexico, and they

0:11:21.280 --> 0:11:24.040
<v Speaker 1>do just enough work where they can legally say this

0:11:24.160 --> 0:11:26.199
<v Speaker 1>is actually from Mexico. So maybe we should get a

0:11:26.240 --> 0:11:28.920
<v Speaker 1>better terrif rate than if it were from China. That's

0:11:28.960 --> 0:11:31.720
<v Speaker 1>an issue, and that's a problem with Mexico right now

0:11:31.800 --> 0:11:34.520
<v Speaker 1>for example, and some of our discussions we're talking about

0:11:34.559 --> 0:11:36.360
<v Speaker 1>rules of origin and saying, if you want to get

0:11:36.520 --> 0:11:39.400
<v Speaker 1>a better deal bringing something in from Mexico or name

0:11:39.480 --> 0:11:41.920
<v Speaker 1>your country, you have to make sure it's actually has

0:11:42.080 --> 0:11:44.240
<v Speaker 1>US content. You have to make sure it actually has

0:11:44.760 --> 0:11:47.240
<v Speaker 1>you know, Mexican content or whatever it is, and you

0:11:47.360 --> 0:11:49.400
<v Speaker 1>have to have that as high as possible to protect

0:11:49.440 --> 0:11:51.840
<v Speaker 1>against this other type of transhipment, which is a little

0:11:51.880 --> 0:11:53.040
<v Speaker 1>more difficult to detect.

0:11:53.559 --> 0:11:54.920
<v Speaker 2>Last question here, and you're gonna have to tell me

0:11:54.960 --> 0:11:56.679
<v Speaker 2>how you trea USh your schedule and look at all

0:11:56.720 --> 0:11:58.480
<v Speaker 2>of these deadlines. But yeah, you know, there's a long

0:11:58.520 --> 0:12:00.280
<v Speaker 2>way to go until this meeting in septime when the

0:12:00.360 --> 0:12:02.360
<v Speaker 2>Chinese president comes to the United States. But let me

0:12:02.400 --> 0:12:04.120
<v Speaker 2>ask you lastly sort of how you're thinking about that.

0:12:04.200 --> 0:12:06.040
<v Speaker 2>You were so integral to the conversations that took place

0:12:06.400 --> 0:12:09.520
<v Speaker 2>in Beijing. What are you expecting deliverables wise to come

0:12:09.559 --> 0:12:11.320
<v Speaker 2>out of that meeting in Washington in a couple months.

0:12:11.440 --> 0:12:14.720
<v Speaker 1>Well, the number one deliverable we always have between President

0:12:14.760 --> 0:12:17.599
<v Speaker 1>Trump and President She is to continue the stability of

0:12:17.720 --> 0:12:20.959
<v Speaker 1>the relationship. Both of these leaders are very committed to

0:12:21.080 --> 0:12:25.199
<v Speaker 1>having a strong and solid personal relationship. Now that doesn't

0:12:25.240 --> 0:12:27.760
<v Speaker 1>mean we don't have issues in the broader relationship.

0:12:27.840 --> 0:12:28.439
<v Speaker 3>Obviously we do.

0:12:28.840 --> 0:12:30.439
<v Speaker 1>China is a big challenge for the US in a

0:12:30.520 --> 0:12:32.439
<v Speaker 1>lot of ways, but we want to make sure we're

0:12:32.480 --> 0:12:36.760
<v Speaker 1>delivering stability. There's never been a situation where the US

0:12:36.800 --> 0:12:38.439
<v Speaker 1>side or even the Chinese side, has gone out and

0:12:38.480 --> 0:12:40.960
<v Speaker 1>said everyone should expect a comprehensive.

0:12:40.400 --> 0:12:41.840
<v Speaker 3>Agreement that resolves all issues.

0:12:41.880 --> 0:12:43.959
<v Speaker 1>Like. No one's ever promised that, so that's not what

0:12:44.080 --> 0:12:47.800
<v Speaker 1>we expect. We will have an opportunity to take stock

0:12:47.920 --> 0:12:50.960
<v Speaker 1>of Chinese commitments with respective purchases of soybeans and other

0:12:51.000 --> 0:12:53.720
<v Speaker 1>agricultural products. Will take stock on the rare of issues

0:12:53.760 --> 0:12:56.120
<v Speaker 1>we decided, so I think it'll be a moment for

0:12:56.200 --> 0:13:00.439
<v Speaker 1>stock taking, confirming the relationship, making sure that China is

0:13:00.440 --> 0:13:03.480
<v Speaker 1>complying with what it's agreed to do. That's really what

0:13:03.600 --> 0:13:05.200
<v Speaker 1>we're looking forward to in this meeting.