WEBVTT - Elon Musk’s Quest to Control Computers With Our Thoughts

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<v Speaker 1>Over the last few years, Elon Musk has been a

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<v Speaker 1>very busy guy, getting electric cars in the masses, making

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<v Speaker 1>reusable rockets, digging these super high speed transportation tunnels, and

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<v Speaker 1>you know, getting in trouble with government regulators. But he's

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<v Speaker 1>also been funding a very secretive startup called Neuralink, and

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<v Speaker 1>in July he promised to finally unveil what this project

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<v Speaker 1>was up to. So he got on stage in San Francisco. Hello,

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<v Speaker 1>everybody there, must announce that Neuralinks team has been inserting

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<v Speaker 1>these tiny electrodes into the brains of rats to record

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<v Speaker 1>their brain activity. He said, the near term applications are medical. Everyone.

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<v Speaker 1>If they if you survive cancer and hot disease, odds

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<v Speaker 1>are that you will have some brain related disorder, so

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<v Speaker 1>I'll be like Alzheimer's or demand trip. Uh, we can

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<v Speaker 1>solve that with a trip. Musk wasn't shy about what

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<v Speaker 1>he hopes this technology will one day achieve. Yeah, those

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<v Speaker 1>cana sound pretty weird, but um, we can effectively achieve

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<v Speaker 1>a sort of symbiosis with artificial intelligence. So this is

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<v Speaker 1>not a mandatory thing. This is the thing that you

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<v Speaker 1>can choose to have if you want, and we can

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<v Speaker 1>effectively have the option of merging with AI. This is

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<v Speaker 1>extremely important. Ultimately we can do a full brain machine

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<v Speaker 1>interface brain machine interface. This is what people are calling

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<v Speaker 1>this technology away for us to control a computer with

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<v Speaker 1>our thoughts, a form of telepathy that's actually real and

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<v Speaker 1>it sounds crazy, like something straight out of science fiction,

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<v Speaker 1>but it's actually already had real success in medicine in

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<v Speaker 1>real life, even before Elon Musk came around. Today, in

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<v Speaker 1>the show Bloomberg, reporter Sarah McBride takes us through this

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<v Speaker 1>emerging and kind of terrifying field, introducing us to the

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<v Speaker 1>doctors already putting implants into human brains, and a patient

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<v Speaker 1>hoping to cure her seizures with this technology. Well, we

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<v Speaker 1>one day walk around as the cyborgs and Elon Musk's dreams.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm a ito. You're listening to Decrypted stay with us, Hey, Sarah,

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<v Speaker 1>how's it going. I'm good. How are you? I think

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<v Speaker 1>our listeners will recognize you from our episode last season

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<v Speaker 1>about the brains of birds. You've become a resident near

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<v Speaker 1>science expert. Yikes. That was a fun episode. It was

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<v Speaker 1>it was so you. You started digging into this pretty

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<v Speaker 1>much as soon as Elon Musk unveiled the details of Neuralink.

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<v Speaker 1>Do you want to kick us off with a broad

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<v Speaker 1>overview of this field of brain machine interfaces. Yeah, I

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<v Speaker 1>really had no idea how wides that it was. But

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<v Speaker 1>there are lots of companies working on this, lots of academics,

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<v Speaker 1>and I started learning very quickly that perhaps the biggest

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<v Speaker 1>debate in the industry is invasive or non invasive. So

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<v Speaker 1>do you want to put electrodes deep into the brain,

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<v Speaker 1>which involves signing through your skull, or just on the

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<v Speaker 1>outside once I'm more dangerous than the other. Yes. For example,

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<v Speaker 1>Facebook has a big program working on brain machine interfaces,

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<v Speaker 1>and they've picked kind of the safer route just understandably, yes,

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<v Speaker 1>just on the outside of your skull, but not Elon Musk.

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<v Speaker 1>They made a big presentation in July and Elon Musk

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<v Speaker 1>was talking about what they've been able to do, and

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<v Speaker 1>he was talking about how they've implanted electrodes in rodent

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<v Speaker 1>brains and they can read signals from those rodent brains now.

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<v Speaker 1>And then it turns out that neuralink has also been

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<v Speaker 1>working with monkeys, which we weren't supposed to know. That

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<v Speaker 1>Ellen must kind of slipped up a little bit at

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<v Speaker 1>his presentation and as he right, yeah, I mean, but

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<v Speaker 1>we have made you know, monkey has been able to

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<v Speaker 1>control the computer with his brain. Just yeah, why I

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<v Speaker 1>didn't realize running that result today, But there goes the

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<v Speaker 1>lony is going to come out of the bag. So

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<v Speaker 1>I think he just got very excited and wanted people

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<v Speaker 1>to know that. So he even surprised his own CEO

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<v Speaker 1>of Neuralalink, a guy called Max Kodak, by mentioning that

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<v Speaker 1>on stage at his big presentation. So tell me about

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<v Speaker 1>these monkeys. So I hopped on a train to Davis,

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<v Speaker 1>which runs a giant national primate Center. Melissa lets blew In,

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<v Speaker 1>who runs media relations for the university, came and met me,

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<v Speaker 1>drove me out to the primate center, introduced me to

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<v Speaker 1>Jennifer Short, who had colony management for the primate center,

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<v Speaker 1>and the two of them showed me around. We drove

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<v Speaker 1>all over in a golf card. I saw thousands and

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<v Speaker 1>thousands of monkeys. It was really fun. Seem more furious

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<v Speaker 1>than the other one. Sure, So we have corrals for

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<v Speaker 1>the monkeys. They're about half an acre and there are

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<v Speaker 1>twenty four of them that are out here and in

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<v Speaker 1>them we have anywhere from about eight monkeys, and they

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<v Speaker 1>these are breeding groups of monkeys, so they are mating

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<v Speaker 1>and then having babies. So would that be similar to

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<v Speaker 1>families of monkeys. Yes, these are families of monkeys. And

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<v Speaker 1>see the monkey bars, the monkey bars, they're blade um,

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<v Speaker 1>that's so cute. So this is a little baby coming

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<v Speaker 1>to look. Get us through the fence. Now see he

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<v Speaker 1>walked right up and he's like he's standing. Yeah. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>So he's drink. He's drinking. He's drinking out of a

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<v Speaker 1>water fountain up an So these are the monkeys that

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<v Speaker 1>Elon Musk is experimenting on. Well not exactly. It turns

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<v Speaker 1>out that the ones that get experimented on by neuralink

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<v Speaker 1>get kind of secreted away into these buildings where nobody

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<v Speaker 1>just driving around and a golf cart can see them.

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<v Speaker 1>So I think it's more accurate to say this is

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<v Speaker 1>the pool of monkeys from which one day a neuralink

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<v Speaker 1>experiment monkey might be selected. The reason I heard about

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<v Speaker 1>the center in the first place is because you work

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<v Speaker 1>with neuralink, So what can you tell me about what

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<v Speaker 1>you're doing with neural link here? Well as with many

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<v Speaker 1>of our ongoing projects, um the research is proprietary and

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<v Speaker 1>ongoing research. We really can't talk about because they're in

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<v Speaker 1>the process of doing the research and it still needs

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<v Speaker 1>to be looked at and to be you know, really

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<v Speaker 1>vigorously reviewed before anybody says anything about the research. So

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<v Speaker 1>this was Melissa again from you See Davis, and I

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<v Speaker 1>tried so hard to get them to say anything about

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<v Speaker 1>what Neuralalink was doing, and the closest I got was

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<v Speaker 1>when I asked, so, are they working on really cool projects?

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<v Speaker 1>And they said yes and left it there. So what

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<v Speaker 1>did you do next? Well, I knew there were some

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<v Speaker 1>people who have left neural Link, and I thought maybe

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<v Speaker 1>I could find out a little bit more about what's

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<v Speaker 1>going on. So I noticed that this guy, Vikash Gilja

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<v Speaker 1>had worked at Neuralink and is now a professor at

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<v Speaker 1>you See San Diego. So I actually went down to

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<v Speaker 1>San Diego. Did you ever meet Elon? Yeah, they met

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<v Speaker 1>him quite a few times, and we'll was that like,

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<v Speaker 1>is he just very interested and everybody sward, Yeah, definitely.

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<v Speaker 1>He signed all kinds of NDA's. He can't talk too

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<v Speaker 1>precisely about what's going on at neural length, but he

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<v Speaker 1>can talk about the state of play in brain machine

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<v Speaker 1>interfaces and what he's doing and what the big breakthroughs

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<v Speaker 1>in the field have been. So what do you tell you?

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<v Speaker 1>So vication I talked a lot about the difference between

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<v Speaker 1>invasive and non invasive technologies, and he came up with

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<v Speaker 1>this great metaphor. He compared it to a cocktail party,

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<v Speaker 1>and he said, non invasive is when you walk into

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<v Speaker 1>a cocktail party and you just kind of put one

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<v Speaker 1>microphone in the door of the room, so you hear

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<v Speaker 1>everything that's going on. You know, everyone's having a great time.

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<v Speaker 1>You hear the glasses clinking and the food being passed around,

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<v Speaker 1>but you really only have those broad strokes, um say,

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<v Speaker 1>if you have a room full of people. It's the

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<v Speaker 1>different between having a few microphones on the ceiling versus

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<v Speaker 1>having um my lapel microphones on on everyone's collars so

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<v Speaker 1>that you can hear each person speaking. The precise level

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<v Speaker 1>of detail you can get with all those different mics

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<v Speaker 1>and different spots of the party is exactly the same

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<v Speaker 1>as different electrodes deep inside different parts of the brain.

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<v Speaker 1>So what neural link is doing is the individual mics

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<v Speaker 1>on every single person's collar. Yes, exactly. And then thanks

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<v Speaker 1>to vikash I met one of the doctors he works with,

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<v Speaker 1>a brain surgeon called Sharona ben Him. She is a

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<v Speaker 1>very impressive woman. She does tons of brain surgeries. She calculated,

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<v Speaker 1>kind of off the cuff, about sixty a year, which

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<v Speaker 1>is more than one a week putting these implants into

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<v Speaker 1>human putting electrodes into people's brains. Yeah, so she got

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<v Speaker 1>really interested in this specialty. In medical school, she has

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<v Speaker 1>this aha moment where she knew she wanted to become

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<v Speaker 1>this type of surgeon. She and her professor were operating

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<v Speaker 1>on a patient with Parkinson's inserting an electrode into his brain,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's when she knew. The patient was awake and

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<v Speaker 1>the tremor was very really profound. Um, and we implanted

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<v Speaker 1>the electrode and this the second we turned it on,

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<v Speaker 1>like magic, the tremor just went away and the patient,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, went from not being able to hold a

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<v Speaker 1>cup to just like very coordinated, streamline fashion moving herd

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<v Speaker 1>And uh, that's what I was sold that. So when

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<v Speaker 1>I thought that that was one of the coolest things

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<v Speaker 1>I've ever seen. That's incredible, that this is what the

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<v Speaker 1>technology can do. Yeah, it really is. But I had

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<v Speaker 1>to keep reminding myself that because she's so matter of

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<v Speaker 1>fact and down to earth, and I had to keep

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<v Speaker 1>telling myself, she's inserting electrodes into patients brains and it's

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<v Speaker 1>actually a real art and we need to get the

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<v Speaker 1>electrode really like perfectly in the right spot, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>in the nucleus and exact right orientation. So it's actually

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<v Speaker 1>quite a surgical challenge. That means she can't be off

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<v Speaker 1>by more than two millimeters. I know, it is crazy.

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<v Speaker 1>We'll be right back. So Dr ben Him was kind

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<v Speaker 1>enough to connect me to a couple of her patients,

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<v Speaker 1>and one of them was this young woman, Lydia. My

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<v Speaker 1>name is Lydia Budney. I have elefsy and it started

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<v Speaker 1>when I was a freshman in high school. So at

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<v Speaker 1>this point it's been about twenty years. She says, she's

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<v Speaker 1>tried so hard to find rhyme or reason to them.

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<v Speaker 1>Does it depend on how much she slapped or what

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<v Speaker 1>she's eaten? And she just can't find a pattern, So

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<v Speaker 1>she just never knows when a seizure might strike. Usually

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<v Speaker 1>when I have them, I'll be going about my normal

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<v Speaker 1>untain doing everything, and then for me, it's I usually

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<v Speaker 1>wake up on the floor, I fall I hit things,

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<v Speaker 1>and it's like all they can do is try and

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<v Speaker 1>keep me in a safe position where I'm not kicking

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of things or hitting a lot of things.

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<v Speaker 1>But it's like they can't do anything to actually keep

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<v Speaker 1>you from having them. She met me just days before

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<v Speaker 1>her thirty four birthday, and she'd already had one surgery

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<v Speaker 1>using electrodes to identify where in the brain her epileptic

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<v Speaker 1>seizures were coming from. And the bad news she got

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<v Speaker 1>after that surgery, which was earlier this year, was everywhere

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<v Speaker 1>there were all different kinds of parts of her brain

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<v Speaker 1>making seizures. Apparently, I am a tricky case because technically

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<v Speaker 1>I have generalized epilepsy because my seizures do not all

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<v Speaker 1>start from the same spot, like the irregular activity happens

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<v Speaker 1>kind of all over. So the irregular activity comes all over,

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<v Speaker 1>but the worst seizures come from just one part of

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<v Speaker 1>her brain. So for her, the best strategy was to

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<v Speaker 1>get permanent electrodes targeting just that one part, and once

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<v Speaker 1>they get inserted into her brain, those electrodes can tell

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<v Speaker 1>when she's about to have a seizure and hopefully zappa

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<v Speaker 1>pulse right into that part of her brain to stop

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<v Speaker 1>the seizure. Wow, that's amazing. What was she scared? I

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<v Speaker 1>didn't even think about it. It was like hands down, like,

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, do what you need to. Um. You know, because,

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<v Speaker 1>like I said, the seizures have become more freak it,

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<v Speaker 1>UM don't seem to be really controllable completely with my medicine. UM.

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<v Speaker 1>It just got to the point where I was like,

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<v Speaker 1>the seizures scared me more than anything that could be

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<v Speaker 1>done in the hospital. She seemed really brave to me,

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<v Speaker 1>but she had this great attitude. I'm going to turn

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<v Speaker 1>thirty four and I already have a computer in my head.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm going to be part robot, you know. It's kind

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<v Speaker 1>of my joke, you know, thirty four root Like, it's

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<v Speaker 1>an awesome time. So, Sarah, I think you said that

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<v Speaker 1>you talked to Lydia just before her second surgery. How's

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<v Speaker 1>she doing now? Well, I've been texting with her and

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<v Speaker 1>it sounds like she's doing great. That second surgery lasted

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<v Speaker 1>just six hours, which would be long for any other

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<v Speaker 1>type of surgery, but for brain surgery, that's a lot

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<v Speaker 1>less than I expected to It went well, Yeah, it

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<v Speaker 1>went really well, and she's already back home. In fact,

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<v Speaker 1>she just went back to work, so she's already a

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<v Speaker 1>bionic woman, as she dreamed. But yeah, so do we

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<v Speaker 1>know if her seizures have already stopped. Well, it's a

0:15:18.320 --> 0:15:22.160
<v Speaker 1>longer process. So they've got all the gear in her

0:15:22.160 --> 0:15:25.200
<v Speaker 1>brain now that can stop the seizures. They just have

0:15:25.320 --> 0:15:27.840
<v Speaker 1>to monitor her for a couple of months and then

0:15:27.880 --> 0:15:31.880
<v Speaker 1>they know exactly how to turn off those seizures. So

0:15:31.920 --> 0:15:34.600
<v Speaker 1>she's in the part of the process which will last

0:15:34.680 --> 0:15:38.160
<v Speaker 1>about two months, where they monitor her brain and then

0:15:38.200 --> 0:15:40.760
<v Speaker 1>they can turn on the part of the technology that

0:15:41.080 --> 0:15:44.720
<v Speaker 1>hopefully will stop the seizures just in time for the holidays.

0:15:45.040 --> 0:15:55.680
<v Speaker 1>It's incredible. If the world of medicine has already come

0:15:55.760 --> 0:16:00.080
<v Speaker 1>this far without Elon Musk, what is Nurling hoping to do.

0:16:01.080 --> 0:16:04.800
<v Speaker 1>They're just hoping to take it much farther, so beyond

0:16:04.800 --> 0:16:08.720
<v Speaker 1>the realm of medicine and into the realm of what

0:16:08.880 --> 0:16:14.320
<v Speaker 1>could be considered by some people cosmetic brain enhancement, So

0:16:14.440 --> 0:16:18.320
<v Speaker 1>things that aren't medically necessary but could enhance your quality

0:16:18.360 --> 0:16:23.680
<v Speaker 1>of life, like having an excellent memory, or being able

0:16:23.720 --> 0:16:28.200
<v Speaker 1>to calculate things very quickly, or being able to download

0:16:28.240 --> 0:16:31.600
<v Speaker 1>a language overnight. Things like that. Did the people you

0:16:31.680 --> 0:16:34.440
<v Speaker 1>talk to have a sense of how soon that was

0:16:34.480 --> 0:16:38.440
<v Speaker 1>going to be ready. Probably fifteen or twenty years. That's

0:16:38.440 --> 0:16:46.720
<v Speaker 1>not that long of a time. Wow, But maybe not

0:16:47.160 --> 0:16:50.720
<v Speaker 1>glitch free, like maybe elements of it, Like take that

0:16:50.840 --> 0:16:54.560
<v Speaker 1>learn a language example. Maybe the first thing would be

0:16:54.680 --> 0:16:59.920
<v Speaker 1>you'd be able to download vocabulary or you'd be able

0:17:00.240 --> 0:17:07.760
<v Speaker 1>to overnight learn some portion of that language. It might

0:17:07.760 --> 0:17:11.440
<v Speaker 1>not be click in fifteen years you can learn French overnight.

0:17:11.520 --> 0:17:15.480
<v Speaker 1>It might be in little stages. You know, the researchers

0:17:15.520 --> 0:17:19.000
<v Speaker 1>you talked to are doing this for a very specific

0:17:19.119 --> 0:17:24.320
<v Speaker 1>purpose of treating people with debilitating illnesses. Do they have

0:17:24.359 --> 0:17:30.000
<v Speaker 1>any concerns about bringing this out to the broader public? Yeah?

0:17:30.080 --> 0:17:35.399
<v Speaker 1>I mean the caution. I had a long conversation about

0:17:35.480 --> 0:17:39.840
<v Speaker 1>ethics and could this worsen inequality? You could see a

0:17:39.920 --> 0:17:43.399
<v Speaker 1>day where rich people can pay for all kinds of

0:17:43.520 --> 0:17:47.680
<v Speaker 1>enhancements that will make it possible to learn things more

0:17:47.760 --> 0:17:51.800
<v Speaker 1>easily and more thoroughly, and poor people won't. So what

0:17:51.840 --> 0:17:54.960
<v Speaker 1>does Sharonna think about all this? Well, she was really

0:17:55.240 --> 0:17:59.080
<v Speaker 1>focused on what is and isn't possible and how many

0:17:59.160 --> 0:18:03.040
<v Speaker 1>misconceptions there are about the brain. Do you think people's

0:18:03.080 --> 0:18:06.159
<v Speaker 1>expectations are getting out of whack with reality. I mean,

0:18:06.200 --> 0:18:08.719
<v Speaker 1>you told me it'll be a long time before we

0:18:08.800 --> 0:18:16.600
<v Speaker 1>have anything. Ellen nice makes things happen, So it's interesting. Um,

0:18:16.640 --> 0:18:18.760
<v Speaker 1>you know, I don't know what people's expectations are. I

0:18:18.760 --> 0:18:24.400
<v Speaker 1>think there's there's expectations and there's fears. Um. But um,

0:18:24.720 --> 0:18:28.520
<v Speaker 1>there's so many interesting unfounded you know, concepts about the

0:18:28.560 --> 0:18:32.520
<v Speaker 1>brain to begin with that, who knows? And she said

0:18:32.640 --> 0:18:35.480
<v Speaker 1>she told me she'd been watching some TV program where

0:18:35.520 --> 0:18:40.200
<v Speaker 1>they talked about how only ten of the brain was used,

0:18:40.240 --> 0:18:43.600
<v Speaker 1>and I told her that before. Is that true? No,

0:18:44.040 --> 0:18:45.800
<v Speaker 1>that's I mean, I don't know what that's based on.

0:18:47.520 --> 0:18:50.080
<v Speaker 1>Ill we use all of our brain? Because I've heard

0:18:50.119 --> 0:18:52.320
<v Speaker 1>we only use a small part of it. I didn't

0:18:52.560 --> 0:18:57.000
<v Speaker 1>know we use all of our brain? Um. But do

0:18:57.080 --> 0:19:03.840
<v Speaker 1>we have rum in our brain to download language? Probably? Really? Yeah?

0:19:04.320 --> 0:19:08.320
<v Speaker 1>If um you could have some kind of cosmetic brain

0:19:09.040 --> 0:19:12.360
<v Speaker 1>something done to augment your brain? What when you pick

0:19:14.040 --> 0:19:20.880
<v Speaker 1>a I don't know, I don't really I don't think

0:19:20.880 --> 0:19:24.000
<v Speaker 1>i'd be really excited about something like that. Really yea

0:19:24.280 --> 0:19:29.560
<v Speaker 1>even memory? Um No, I can't say that I would

0:19:29.640 --> 0:19:39.680
<v Speaker 1>really uh sire any augmentation? Um, guys that Um, I'm

0:19:39.720 --> 0:19:43.840
<v Speaker 1>really happy with the way my brain works. Yeah, I

0:19:43.880 --> 0:19:47.800
<v Speaker 1>mean there's enough noise in all our heads already and

0:19:47.920 --> 0:19:50.639
<v Speaker 1>she didn't want to add to it. Well, she's a

0:19:50.680 --> 0:19:54.800
<v Speaker 1>brilliant neurosurgence. She probably doesn't need it. Would you ever

0:19:54.880 --> 0:19:59.240
<v Speaker 1>want that? I would absolutely? Yeah, if it were safe. Um,

0:19:59.280 --> 0:20:01.800
<v Speaker 1>I would do it a a heartbeat if my wife

0:20:01.880 --> 0:20:07.040
<v Speaker 1>lets me. How about you. I'm super cautious, so when

0:20:07.080 --> 0:20:09.760
<v Speaker 1>I got lazick, I only got it in when eye,

0:20:09.840 --> 0:20:13.440
<v Speaker 1>just in case. So probably no, I don't think I'm

0:20:13.480 --> 0:20:19.639
<v Speaker 1>a good candidate, you know, Sarah. For all of Elon

0:20:19.760 --> 0:20:24.960
<v Speaker 1>Musk's faults, everything he does is just so wildly ambitious.

0:20:26.160 --> 0:20:28.320
<v Speaker 1>And I think the newest thing that he's trying to

0:20:28.359 --> 0:20:32.000
<v Speaker 1>do our brains talking to computers, that's got to be

0:20:32.040 --> 0:20:34.480
<v Speaker 1>the most outlandish one. It has to be the one

0:20:34.560 --> 0:20:37.600
<v Speaker 1>that has the most potential to change the way that

0:20:37.640 --> 0:20:41.240
<v Speaker 1>we live. It kind of changes what it means to

0:20:41.280 --> 0:20:46.320
<v Speaker 1>be human itself. You could say that he talks about

0:20:46.560 --> 0:20:52.720
<v Speaker 1>the philosophy. He says that in the future, when AI

0:20:52.760 --> 0:20:57.560
<v Speaker 1>will be so predominant, we don't have to have this

0:20:57.680 --> 0:21:00.119
<v Speaker 1>kind of enhancement, but things will go much about or

0:21:00.240 --> 0:21:02.280
<v Speaker 1>for us if we do just to live in a

0:21:02.359 --> 0:21:06.640
<v Speaker 1>world with so much AI when the robots takeover. Yeah,

0:21:06.800 --> 0:21:11.080
<v Speaker 1>he's talked in the past about how we need to

0:21:11.280 --> 0:21:16.600
<v Speaker 1>fuse our brains with machines to survive in a world

0:21:16.640 --> 0:21:21.720
<v Speaker 1>like that. He said that potentially we could just be

0:21:21.880 --> 0:21:25.800
<v Speaker 1>housecats to our robot overlords, and the house cat would

0:21:25.800 --> 0:21:29.240
<v Speaker 1>be a good outcome, but the brain implants will help

0:21:29.320 --> 0:21:35.119
<v Speaker 1>us complete help us avoid that house cat fate. Yes, so,

0:21:36.760 --> 0:21:41.439
<v Speaker 1>I don't know. He's not always the most philosophical. He

0:21:41.520 --> 0:21:46.600
<v Speaker 1>asked at that presentation in July, well, what if our

0:21:48.000 --> 0:21:51.200
<v Speaker 1>minds are just brains into vat and then he said, yes,

0:21:51.480 --> 0:21:59.520
<v Speaker 1>that's what they are, brains in that romantic right. And

0:22:00.040 --> 0:22:01.960
<v Speaker 1>what is it to be human? I mean, what is

0:22:02.000 --> 0:22:06.520
<v Speaker 1>it to be anything? Our understanding of everything changes with

0:22:07.080 --> 0:22:10.399
<v Speaker 1>every decade that goes by as we learn more and

0:22:10.440 --> 0:22:14.119
<v Speaker 1>more science. So I'm not sure that we know what

0:22:14.200 --> 0:22:16.399
<v Speaker 1>it is to be human now, and I'm not sure

0:22:16.480 --> 0:22:20.880
<v Speaker 1>that these brain machine interfaces will help us in that regard,

0:22:22.760 --> 0:22:40.600
<v Speaker 1>but they'll still change it whatever it is. Sarah, thanks

0:22:40.600 --> 0:22:42.800
<v Speaker 1>for coming on the show today, Oh thanks for having me.

0:22:47.720 --> 0:22:50.760
<v Speaker 1>Decrypted is hosted by me Akito. Sean Ween is our

0:22:50.800 --> 0:22:54.080
<v Speaker 1>executive producer. So for Foreheads and Ethan Brooks mix the

0:22:54.119 --> 0:22:57.639
<v Speaker 1>show today and Francesca Levy is the head of Bloomberg Podcasts.

0:22:57.880 --> 0:23:03.160
<v Speaker 1>We'll see next week. Put a Council, trans of secuted

0:23:03.320 --> 0:23:11.200
<v Speaker 1>and subtrasted as conclusial councils, Bustin Council, sal coupsal MCLs, BRONC,

0:23:11.520 --> 0:23:12.000
<v Speaker 1>Business