1 00:00:15,920 --> 00:00:20,720 Speaker 1: Mission Control just outside of Moscow. Picture of vast hall 2 00:00:20,920 --> 00:00:25,759 Speaker 1: with rows of desks and those massive eighties computers. It's 3 00:00:25,800 --> 00:00:29,560 Speaker 1: February nineteen eighty five and a few ground controllers are 4 00:00:29,560 --> 00:00:32,120 Speaker 1: trawling through graphs and signals sent from a space station 5 00:00:32,240 --> 00:00:35,640 Speaker 1: called Salute seven, the pride and joy of the Soviet 6 00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:41,040 Speaker 1: space program. Right now, Salute seven hasn't got any cosmonauts 7 00:00:41,080 --> 00:00:44,960 Speaker 1: on board. It's on autopilot, orbiting the Earth, waiting for 8 00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:49,879 Speaker 1: its next crew. So the ground control's work is fairly routine. 9 00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:59,840 Speaker 1: They record data, talk about their weekend plans. But then 10 00:01:00,640 --> 00:01:03,800 Speaker 1: right at the end of the shift, someone notices something 11 00:01:03,880 --> 00:01:09,160 Speaker 1: weird on one of the dashboards. There's a light flashing 12 00:01:09,160 --> 00:01:14,040 Speaker 1: on the control panel, a warning light. Everyone's on their 13 00:01:14,040 --> 00:01:17,039 Speaker 1: feet trying to fix it, but then another light goes down, 14 00:01:18,360 --> 00:01:26,040 Speaker 1: and another. One by one, the whole dashboard goes dark. 15 00:01:29,080 --> 00:01:35,080 Speaker 1: A horrified silence fills the room. They've just lost the 16 00:01:35,120 --> 00:01:40,160 Speaker 1: space station. It's like a dead piece of thing in orbit. 17 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:44,240 Speaker 1: That's also Sadiki, our Soviet space galu heard last time. 18 00:01:44,880 --> 00:01:47,639 Speaker 1: They couldn't find any kind of signal, nothing from the station. 19 00:01:49,240 --> 00:01:52,880 Speaker 1: It's essentially floating, spinning, probably out of control in Earth. Orbit, 20 00:01:53,640 --> 00:01:57,280 Speaker 1: and it's huge, this huge chunk of metal. If they 21 00:01:57,320 --> 00:02:01,840 Speaker 1: don't control it, it might fall uncontrollably uninhabited country and 22 00:02:01,920 --> 00:02:04,680 Speaker 1: it could land on a city, a village somewhere, and 23 00:02:04,760 --> 00:02:08,200 Speaker 1: so they're very afraid of that. Thousands of people could die. 24 00:02:08,840 --> 00:02:12,640 Speaker 1: It would be a human tragedy and a huge embarrassment 25 00:02:12,680 --> 00:02:16,520 Speaker 1: for the Soviet Union, and so they need to do 26 00:02:16,600 --> 00:02:21,520 Speaker 1: something that's never been done before, to land on a 27 00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:24,760 Speaker 1: dead object in space and out of control chunk of 28 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:35,079 Speaker 1: metal and bring it back to life. I'm Lance Bass 29 00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:39,840 Speaker 1: and from Kaleidoscope. iHeart podcast and exile content. This is 30 00:02:39,880 --> 00:02:49,359 Speaker 1: the last Soviet as y'all know. I am obsessed with 31 00:02:49,440 --> 00:02:53,120 Speaker 1: space and with this one particular space movie. Houston, we 32 00:02:53,280 --> 00:02:57,679 Speaker 1: have a problem. Apollo thirteen. I freaking love this film. 33 00:02:57,680 --> 00:03:00,280 Speaker 1: In my books, Tom Hanks can do no wrong. Power 34 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:03,040 Speaker 1: up the level three hours by the checklist. We don't 35 00:03:03,080 --> 00:03:06,120 Speaker 1: have that much time. It tells the story of a 36 00:03:06,240 --> 00:03:11,040 Speaker 1: space flight going seriously awry. The rescue mission became live news. 37 00:03:11,160 --> 00:03:15,280 Speaker 1: All of America was watching, asking themselves with the astronauts, 38 00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:19,400 Speaker 1: make it home alive. The Apoto thirteen to the Moon 39 00:03:19,800 --> 00:03:22,560 Speaker 1: is in serious jeopardy. Disasters are one of the big 40 00:03:22,600 --> 00:03:25,200 Speaker 1: reasons we fall in love with space. Now coming to 41 00:03:25,240 --> 00:03:28,520 Speaker 1: the moment, the last moments of Apolo thirteen as it 42 00:03:28,560 --> 00:03:30,480 Speaker 1: begins it's re entry. The best thing we can do 43 00:03:30,560 --> 00:03:34,480 Speaker 1: now is just to listen. I'm hopeful. The stakes could 44 00:03:34,560 --> 00:03:37,760 Speaker 1: not be higher, and it's all beamed into your living 45 00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:42,240 Speaker 1: room twenty four seven. They hate it. All three shoots 46 00:03:42,240 --> 00:03:51,080 Speaker 1: out great and extremely loud applause here in mission control. 47 00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:01,880 Speaker 1: But the story I'm about to tell you now took 48 00:04:01,880 --> 00:04:05,880 Speaker 1: place in complete secrecy. No one was allowed to know 49 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:09,360 Speaker 1: about it. And yet it's the Soviet Union's very own 50 00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:12,760 Speaker 1: Apollo thirteen. And the man who would lead it from 51 00:04:12,760 --> 00:04:18,360 Speaker 1: the ground Yep, you guessed it, Sergey Krekolev. In our 52 00:04:18,400 --> 00:04:21,880 Speaker 1: last episode, we left our cosmonaut in nineteen sixty one, 53 00:04:22,279 --> 00:04:25,720 Speaker 1: aged three, the Soviet Union was still recovering from the 54 00:04:25,720 --> 00:04:29,360 Speaker 1: wreckage of World War Two, but they'd beat the Germans 55 00:04:29,760 --> 00:04:40,240 Speaker 1: and now, against all the odds, they'd conquered space too. O. 56 00:04:42,760 --> 00:04:45,279 Speaker 1: Space was going to be the future of the Soviet Union, 57 00:04:46,600 --> 00:04:49,120 Speaker 1: and that generation who grew up in the nineteen sixties 58 00:04:49,600 --> 00:04:52,039 Speaker 1: were really sort of, I think, encouraged to think in 59 00:04:52,200 --> 00:04:56,279 Speaker 1: utopian terms. The Soviet Union putting the first person in 60 00:04:56,320 --> 00:05:00,719 Speaker 1: space was the defining moment of Saragey's childhood, and there 61 00:05:00,760 --> 00:05:03,160 Speaker 1: was a sense that this was just the beginning of 62 00:05:03,279 --> 00:05:08,160 Speaker 1: space exploration, of the Soviet Union's rise on the global stage. 63 00:05:08,320 --> 00:05:11,320 Speaker 1: All Russia's just wild about. Jurica got in, first man, 64 00:05:11,440 --> 00:05:16,640 Speaker 1: took conquer space. Please. For Sarah Gay, life's possibilities must 65 00:05:16,680 --> 00:05:20,000 Speaker 1: have seemed endless. So I think it's very much part 66 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:23,040 Speaker 1: of his DNA and that generation in particular, growing up 67 00:05:23,040 --> 00:05:25,320 Speaker 1: in the sixties and seventies as children and then as 68 00:05:25,400 --> 00:05:29,920 Speaker 1: young teams, to be immersed in that world of future 69 00:05:29,920 --> 00:05:34,760 Speaker 1: oriented thinking about the Soviet Union. Future oriented things are 70 00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:39,880 Speaker 1: good and you only expect them to get better now. 71 00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:41,919 Speaker 1: If you grew up in the United States during the 72 00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:44,440 Speaker 1: tail end of the Cold War, like me, I know 73 00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:47,800 Speaker 1: what you're thinking, you'd have been fed the same propaganda 74 00:05:47,880 --> 00:05:50,320 Speaker 1: that the Soviet Union was a cold, gray place where 75 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:53,400 Speaker 1: kids go hungry. Well, in the sixties, that was more 76 00:05:53,440 --> 00:05:56,440 Speaker 1: likely to be true of America. Seventy three percent of 77 00:05:56,480 --> 00:05:59,799 Speaker 1: all Clay County families received less than three thousand dollars. 78 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:02,880 Speaker 1: They're very young, their mothers, the aged are the most 79 00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:07,760 Speaker 1: numerous inhabitants of this permanent culture of poverty. Yep, Because 80 00:06:07,960 --> 00:06:11,440 Speaker 1: in the Soviet Union, basic stuff, food, a roof over 81 00:06:11,480 --> 00:06:14,839 Speaker 1: your head that was all provided for by the state. 82 00:06:14,960 --> 00:06:18,239 Speaker 1: Whether in Communist headquarters in Odessa on the Black Sea 83 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:23,400 Speaker 1: or in the Hermitage art gallery in Leningrad, every activity 84 00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:27,480 Speaker 1: is controlled by directives that originate under the gold domes 85 00:06:27,520 --> 00:06:30,400 Speaker 1: of the Kremlin. So if you're Saragai, a young boy 86 00:06:30,440 --> 00:06:33,120 Speaker 1: coming of age in Leningrad in the sixties and seventies, 87 00:06:33,480 --> 00:06:38,880 Speaker 1: things would have seemed pretty good. He didn't grow up 88 00:06:38,880 --> 00:06:42,479 Speaker 1: in luxury, but it was a care free environment. He 89 00:06:42,600 --> 00:06:45,960 Speaker 1: knew everything was going to be just fine. He went 90 00:06:46,000 --> 00:06:49,680 Speaker 1: to school, he went swimming, he joined the city's gymnastics 91 00:06:49,720 --> 00:06:54,000 Speaker 1: team and the local airplane club, all for free and 92 00:06:54,120 --> 00:06:56,560 Speaker 1: in a spare time. He was doing what all the 93 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:59,120 Speaker 1: other kids were doing. In the Soviet Union, he would 94 00:06:59,120 --> 00:07:04,040 Speaker 1: have been leading the same kinds of exciting popular science 95 00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:08,400 Speaker 1: fiction novels titles like Hard to Be a God, The 96 00:07:08,520 --> 00:07:13,400 Speaker 1: Land of Crimson Clouds, The Man from Mars. It was 97 00:07:13,560 --> 00:07:21,800 Speaker 1: all about space, limitless possibility, utopia, and not just in 98 00:07:21,840 --> 00:07:24,200 Speaker 1: the pages of his books. He would have grown up 99 00:07:24,240 --> 00:07:27,960 Speaker 1: watching these hero cosmonauts being eulogized he was proud of 100 00:07:28,720 --> 00:07:32,680 Speaker 1: fellow cosmonauts and Russell and doing amazing things in outer space. 101 00:07:33,640 --> 00:07:37,440 Speaker 1: After Gagarin, the USSR just kept beating the Americans to it. 102 00:07:38,640 --> 00:07:41,600 Speaker 1: First probe to Mars, landing on Mars by an unmanned 103 00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:45,080 Speaker 1: space probe from US. First woman in space, space girl, 104 00:07:45,360 --> 00:07:48,600 Speaker 1: Valentina Tereshkova. There's one of place in history. First person 105 00:07:48,640 --> 00:07:51,559 Speaker 1: to walk in open space. Man for the first time 106 00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:56,800 Speaker 1: has stepped forth into the emptiness of space. Okay, the 107 00:07:56,800 --> 00:07:59,320 Speaker 1: Americans got to the Moon in nineteen sixty nine, obviously 108 00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:04,200 Speaker 1: a big deal, but the Soviets were working on something bigger, 109 00:08:07,400 --> 00:08:13,080 Speaker 1: a permanent home in space, a space station where cosmonauts 110 00:08:13,080 --> 00:08:17,120 Speaker 1: can go live and actually do some science. The Soviets 111 00:08:17,160 --> 00:08:21,600 Speaker 1: wanted to spend months up there, maybe eventually forever. It 112 00:08:21,680 --> 00:08:24,240 Speaker 1: looked like a weird lego tube with solar panel wings. 113 00:08:24,800 --> 00:08:27,960 Speaker 1: They call it Salute one, and over the next decade 114 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:31,880 Speaker 1: they upgraded it with better and better versions, Salute two, 115 00:08:32,320 --> 00:08:36,480 Speaker 1: Salute three, kind of like iPhones, until they got the 116 00:08:36,559 --> 00:08:44,079 Speaker 1: best version yet, Salute seven. The Americans were jealous, they 117 00:08:44,080 --> 00:08:47,400 Speaker 1: had nothing like it. Once again, the Soviets were winning, 118 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:52,160 Speaker 1: and it's in this atmosphere that Sarage finished school and 119 00:08:52,200 --> 00:08:55,880 Speaker 1: decided he too wants to become a cosmonaut to go 120 00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:59,280 Speaker 1: and live on a Soviet space station. And so we 121 00:08:59,320 --> 00:09:02,480 Speaker 1: went to an engine a university and in nineteen eighty 122 00:09:02,520 --> 00:09:06,480 Speaker 1: one he graduated top of his class, and because of 123 00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:09,559 Speaker 1: that he was chosen to work for a very special place, 124 00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:13,880 Speaker 1: the same place that designed the first space satellite, the 125 00:09:13,960 --> 00:09:18,920 Speaker 1: first spaceship carrying the first man, a place called Anarkia. 126 00:09:20,559 --> 00:09:24,760 Speaker 1: Sarage starts out working on instruction manuals for cosmonauts, not 127 00:09:24,840 --> 00:09:27,560 Speaker 1: the most exciting work, but it will come in handy 128 00:09:28,120 --> 00:09:32,880 Speaker 1: because one day in February nineteen eighty five, Serge gets 129 00:09:32,880 --> 00:09:40,360 Speaker 1: a call the space station Salume seven. It's lost power. 130 00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:45,959 Speaker 1: It's dead. If we don't rescue it, the Americans will 131 00:09:45,960 --> 00:09:50,640 Speaker 1: overtake us and win the space race. So here's the plan. 132 00:09:51,360 --> 00:09:54,959 Speaker 1: It's kind of crazy. We're going to send two cosmonauts 133 00:09:54,960 --> 00:09:57,920 Speaker 1: to this dead thing and try to turn the power 134 00:09:57,960 --> 00:10:01,800 Speaker 1: back on. But we don't really know how to do 135 00:10:01,880 --> 00:10:06,160 Speaker 1: it because it's never been done before. So we need 136 00:10:06,200 --> 00:10:09,720 Speaker 1: someone who can figure out how to do it, someone 137 00:10:09,800 --> 00:10:13,280 Speaker 1: to lead a mission from the ground, someone who knows 138 00:10:13,320 --> 00:10:18,520 Speaker 1: the station back to front, and we're thinking this could 139 00:10:18,559 --> 00:10:41,160 Speaker 1: be you. June sixth, nineteen eighty five, ten forty am 140 00:10:41,160 --> 00:10:46,520 Speaker 1: Mission Control, a loud, ominous rumbling starts up on Sarage's radio. 141 00:10:47,160 --> 00:10:51,040 Speaker 1: It's a sound of a rocket taking off. Two cosmouts 142 00:10:51,080 --> 00:10:57,160 Speaker 1: are launching into space to the dead, empty station. Sarah 143 00:10:57,360 --> 00:10:59,640 Speaker 1: has got a big job ahead of it in about 144 00:10:59,679 --> 00:11:02,560 Speaker 1: forty eight hours, the time it'll take to reach Earth's orbit. 145 00:11:02,960 --> 00:11:05,319 Speaker 1: He's gonna have to tell these two cosmonauts how they're 146 00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:07,680 Speaker 1: going to do this thing no one's ever done before. 147 00:11:08,280 --> 00:11:12,240 Speaker 1: How to land on a dead station. Usually landing on 148 00:11:12,280 --> 00:11:15,440 Speaker 1: a working station is the easy bed. It's all done automatically. 149 00:11:16,400 --> 00:11:19,920 Speaker 1: But this station is dead, and that means Sarage has 150 00:11:19,960 --> 00:11:23,240 Speaker 1: to figure out how to do it manually. How to 151 00:11:23,360 --> 00:11:26,120 Speaker 1: land on the station with nothing to tell you the way, 152 00:11:26,400 --> 00:11:30,040 Speaker 1: the speed, the angle. It's a bit like driving a 153 00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:35,480 Speaker 1: race car at night with no lights, no markers, but 154 00:11:35,640 --> 00:11:38,480 Speaker 1: Saragey is on it. He goes into a simulator, a 155 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:42,199 Speaker 1: kind of fake spaceship. It's the same thing I trained on. 156 00:11:42,520 --> 00:11:45,360 Speaker 1: It literally looks and feels like a real spaceship, but 157 00:11:45,640 --> 00:11:48,240 Speaker 1: it's set up in a warehouse on Earth. The next 158 00:11:48,280 --> 00:11:51,959 Speaker 1: best thing to being in space, so he starts practicing 159 00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:54,480 Speaker 1: how to get the tiny ship to spend at the 160 00:11:54,559 --> 00:11:58,000 Speaker 1: same angle as the station, how to get the right speed, 161 00:11:58,520 --> 00:12:02,480 Speaker 1: and his accuracy has to be exact. If he's off 162 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:05,960 Speaker 1: by an inch millimeters, even the rocket will crash into 163 00:12:05,960 --> 00:12:10,400 Speaker 1: the station and explode. The cosmonauts are dead. He tries 164 00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:15,800 Speaker 1: again and again and again, failing and failing, until he's 165 00:12:15,880 --> 00:12:19,760 Speaker 1: got it. He races back to mission control, calls up 166 00:12:19,760 --> 00:12:22,000 Speaker 1: to the cosmonauts and tells them this is how you 167 00:12:22,080 --> 00:12:27,280 Speaker 1: do it. It's now or never. Hundreds of miles away, 168 00:12:27,679 --> 00:12:30,160 Speaker 1: the cosmonauts can see the looming bulk of the station 169 00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:35,760 Speaker 1: through their porthole. It's spinning out of control, a twenty 170 00:12:35,800 --> 00:12:40,040 Speaker 1: ton chunk of metals, and they're approaching it fast. At 171 00:12:40,080 --> 00:12:45,959 Speaker 1: eighteen thousand miles an hour. Sarah Gey feels his breathing accelerate. 172 00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:52,160 Speaker 1: At any moment, ground control could lose contact. You can 173 00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:59,760 Speaker 1: imagine him shutting his eyes, hoping, praying, and then a 174 00:13:00,040 --> 00:13:09,320 Speaker 1: juttering sound like something's wrong with the radio stating five seconds, 175 00:13:10,520 --> 00:13:17,520 Speaker 1: four seconds, three seconds, two seconds, and then he hears it. 176 00:13:18,400 --> 00:13:25,920 Speaker 1: The cosmonauts voices on the radio they'd made it, but 177 00:13:26,080 --> 00:13:30,720 Speaker 1: Sarage knows it's just the beginning. The cosmonauts still have 178 00:13:30,800 --> 00:13:33,720 Speaker 1: to enter the ship, find the root of the problem, 179 00:13:33,760 --> 00:13:37,160 Speaker 1: and bring the station back to life. And they've got 180 00:13:37,320 --> 00:13:45,760 Speaker 1: no idea what they're going to find inside. They didn't know, 181 00:13:45,920 --> 00:13:49,840 Speaker 1: for example, if the entire station was filled with toxic gases. 182 00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:55,800 Speaker 1: They didn't know if the station was frozen, they didn't 183 00:13:55,800 --> 00:14:00,240 Speaker 1: know if the station was cracked. They had no idea. 184 00:14:01,040 --> 00:14:04,480 Speaker 1: If you open the hatch and there's a big chunk 185 00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:10,160 Speaker 1: of ice, you know, what would you do if you 186 00:14:10,200 --> 00:14:14,680 Speaker 1: open the hatch and the led screens are broken, cracked, 187 00:14:15,120 --> 00:14:23,400 Speaker 1: and there's glass, what do you do? They opened the 188 00:14:23,440 --> 00:14:27,840 Speaker 1: hatch and very gingerly, wanting to the what's called a 189 00:14:27,920 --> 00:14:34,320 Speaker 1: transfer compartment, and they slowly, gingerly again opened another hatch 190 00:14:34,360 --> 00:14:41,800 Speaker 1: into the main compartment. And one of the things that 191 00:14:41,840 --> 00:14:47,960 Speaker 1: I think both cosmonauts remember is that everything was just 192 00:14:48,240 --> 00:14:58,040 Speaker 1: dead silence. They'd never been in space before in a 193 00:14:58,080 --> 00:15:02,080 Speaker 1: completely silent environment, because when you're in a spaceship, things 194 00:15:02,080 --> 00:15:04,600 Speaker 1: are worrying and clicking and moving and things like that. 195 00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:08,320 Speaker 1: It's dead silence, a silence that I don't think any 196 00:15:08,400 --> 00:15:15,440 Speaker 1: human being had ever really heard. It's an outer space 197 00:15:15,960 --> 00:15:19,600 Speaker 1: and they're moving in this dead, dark, pitch black space 198 00:15:19,600 --> 00:15:29,800 Speaker 1: station in utter silence. It's also freezing everything. The walls, 199 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:36,320 Speaker 1: the panels are covered in a sheet of ice. They 200 00:15:36,360 --> 00:15:40,320 Speaker 1: move by touch. They have flashlights, of course, and they 201 00:15:40,320 --> 00:15:44,080 Speaker 1: eventually figure out the lay of the lent. Through the 202 00:15:44,080 --> 00:15:46,920 Speaker 1: weak beams of their torches. They can just about make 203 00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:51,120 Speaker 1: out the station's long cavernous corridors, filled with lifeless equipment 204 00:15:51,320 --> 00:15:57,200 Speaker 1: and reams of wires. Serage instructs them to work very carefully. 205 00:15:57,520 --> 00:16:00,320 Speaker 1: All the batteries they check. They have these instruments, you know, 206 00:16:00,440 --> 00:16:05,120 Speaker 1: zero volte zibol, zero volt, etc. All the batteries are dead. 207 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:09,920 Speaker 1: And remember it's really cold, so they can't spend too 208 00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:13,240 Speaker 1: long on the station. And every time, you know, they 209 00:16:13,280 --> 00:16:15,360 Speaker 1: go in there and they come back and they're completely 210 00:16:15,400 --> 00:16:26,120 Speaker 1: freezing on the ground. And the Soviet press this mission 211 00:16:26,280 --> 00:16:29,240 Speaker 1: was really downplayed. They didn't even say it was a 212 00:16:29,280 --> 00:16:33,160 Speaker 1: rescue mission at all, just routine going up there and 213 00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:37,360 Speaker 1: doing some science experiments. In fact, they had a press conference, 214 00:16:37,480 --> 00:16:40,760 Speaker 1: a video press conference from space during their mission, these 215 00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:44,960 Speaker 1: two cosmonauts, and they were told to take off their 216 00:16:44,960 --> 00:16:48,360 Speaker 1: warm clothes, like their hats and gloves and whatever, because 217 00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:50,800 Speaker 1: people would be wondering why they're wearing this in space. 218 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:54,320 Speaker 1: So for the duration of the conference, you know, however 219 00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:57,400 Speaker 1: long twenty minutes or so, they were extremely cold, but 220 00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:01,640 Speaker 1: pretending everything's fine. The idea is that nothing ever goes 221 00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:05,720 Speaker 1: wrong in the Soviet space That's right, nothing ever goes 222 00:17:05,720 --> 00:17:09,080 Speaker 1: wrong in the Soviet space program, or in the Soviet economy, 223 00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:14,399 Speaker 1: or in Soviet society. The system was flawless, that was 224 00:17:14,440 --> 00:17:18,240 Speaker 1: the party line, and the cosmonauts freezing their asses off, 225 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:28,399 Speaker 1: had to stick it out. The cosmonauts spend days working 226 00:17:28,440 --> 00:17:31,879 Speaker 1: in pitch black, subzero temperatures trying to find a working 227 00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:36,399 Speaker 1: power source. These kind of situations where everything has going sideways, 228 00:17:36,560 --> 00:17:39,560 Speaker 1: is what they train you for as a cosmonaut. When 229 00:17:39,600 --> 00:17:42,480 Speaker 1: I was training, we ran drills where things went perfectly, 230 00:17:42,840 --> 00:17:44,960 Speaker 1: but I would say eighty percent of the time we 231 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:48,560 Speaker 1: were practicing for when things went wrong. But it still 232 00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:52,560 Speaker 1: doesn't prepare you fully. So for a long time there's nothing. 233 00:17:53,760 --> 00:17:57,960 Speaker 1: But then finally Sage sees a small number of lights 234 00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:01,880 Speaker 1: begin to flicker. The crew had managed to reactivate one 235 00:18:01,880 --> 00:18:05,200 Speaker 1: of the solar panels. This means the station finally has 236 00:18:05,280 --> 00:18:09,600 Speaker 1: some power. It's gonna be okay. They can save the station. 237 00:18:11,720 --> 00:18:15,920 Speaker 1: Mission control erupts an ecstatic applause. Saragey finds himself being 238 00:18:15,920 --> 00:18:19,399 Speaker 1: wrapped into hugs, kissed on the cheeks. Mob This is 239 00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:22,360 Speaker 1: a unique, unique event in the history of space exploration 240 00:18:22,480 --> 00:18:26,160 Speaker 1: where the crew essentially brought their spaceship to a dead 241 00:18:26,200 --> 00:18:29,840 Speaker 1: object and space and revived the whole thing within weeks. 242 00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:33,560 Speaker 1: Saragey had done the near impossible. He saved the station. 243 00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:36,000 Speaker 1: He wasn't going to be a national hero like a 244 00:18:36,080 --> 00:18:40,159 Speaker 1: garden raiding through Red Square. The whole thing was top secret, 245 00:18:40,760 --> 00:18:43,560 Speaker 1: but he was going to get a reward. I don't 246 00:18:43,560 --> 00:18:47,280 Speaker 1: think it's a coincidence that very soon after the mission 247 00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:50,440 Speaker 1: he gets assigned to a crew, a crew to actually 248 00:18:50,480 --> 00:18:54,000 Speaker 1: go to space see the Earth from above, float around 249 00:18:54,040 --> 00:18:58,160 Speaker 1: and zero gravity. His dream, the one he's had since 250 00:18:58,200 --> 00:19:02,800 Speaker 1: he was a little boy, was finally about to come true. 251 00:19:05,359 --> 00:19:08,160 Speaker 1: I think for Krakalio, I think it might have seemed 252 00:19:08,280 --> 00:19:11,520 Speaker 1: when he's assigned to his first mission. My guess is, 253 00:19:11,680 --> 00:19:15,080 Speaker 1: you know, the future is bright, and who knows what's ahead. 254 00:19:15,440 --> 00:19:18,359 Speaker 1: That's the boundless future. But I think we have a 255 00:19:18,359 --> 00:19:20,679 Speaker 1: better sense of it now that some of this stuff 256 00:19:20,800 --> 00:19:25,200 Speaker 1: was just kind of the last gasp, the last gasp 257 00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:32,160 Speaker 1: of a collapsing superpower. The Soviet Union then was frozen. 258 00:19:33,080 --> 00:19:36,679 Speaker 1: The economy who was grinding to a halt. It was 259 00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:40,280 Speaker 1: a time of total stagnation. Nothing was changing, and if 260 00:19:40,320 --> 00:19:45,600 Speaker 1: it didn't change soon, it would come crashing down. That's Sergechmimon. 261 00:19:45,960 --> 00:19:48,800 Speaker 1: He's a reporter for the New York Times. In nineteen 262 00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:51,360 Speaker 1: eighty he was working as a journalist in South Africa 263 00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:54,320 Speaker 1: when he was told by his editor, we want you 264 00:19:54,359 --> 00:19:58,479 Speaker 1: to go and cover Moscow from the peak of summer 265 00:19:58,560 --> 00:20:02,919 Speaker 1: to the depth of winter. Serge and his family stopped 266 00:20:02,920 --> 00:20:06,520 Speaker 1: over in Helsinki and bought warm clothes, then took a 267 00:20:06,560 --> 00:20:09,520 Speaker 1: slow train to Moscow on New Year's Eve. We had 268 00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:13,440 Speaker 1: one kind of beer to celebrate, and if the train 269 00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:16,960 Speaker 1: was empty, nobody was traveling. On New Year's night, December 270 00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:25,040 Speaker 1: thirty first, early in the morning on January first, they 271 00:20:25,119 --> 00:20:29,679 Speaker 1: pulled into Moscow Central Station. It was dead. Everybody was 272 00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:34,520 Speaker 1: asleep after a night of revelry. Dawn was just breaking 273 00:20:34,840 --> 00:20:37,640 Speaker 1: and the station clock tower was bathed in this beautiful 274 00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:40,520 Speaker 1: golden light, and the square was covered in a fresh 275 00:20:40,600 --> 00:20:44,720 Speaker 1: layer of untouched snow. It was like a storybook. Moscow 276 00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:54,160 Speaker 1: a storybook Moscow. But soon enough reality hit. Shops were 277 00:20:54,400 --> 00:20:57,560 Speaker 1: largely empty. You know, there was very little. There was 278 00:20:57,680 --> 00:21:00,919 Speaker 1: you could survive. There was spread, there was me, but 279 00:21:01,040 --> 00:21:05,000 Speaker 1: it was all on an elemental level, the bare minimum, 280 00:21:05,119 --> 00:21:08,600 Speaker 1: because by the eighties the Soviet economy had stopped working 281 00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:12,640 Speaker 1: for decades. All decisions about what to spend and how 282 00:21:12,720 --> 00:21:16,080 Speaker 1: much to produce were made in a single office building 283 00:21:16,080 --> 00:21:20,399 Speaker 1: in Moscow for millions of people. And while these bureaucrats 284 00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:22,560 Speaker 1: in this office building put a ton of money towards 285 00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:26,080 Speaker 1: flashy space projects, they didn't pay much attention to how 286 00:21:26,080 --> 00:21:29,959 Speaker 1: people were going to feed themselves. And eventually, by the 287 00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:36,480 Speaker 1: eighties this caught up with him. The system had become 288 00:21:36,560 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 1: inefficient and corrupt. The Soviet Union couldn't produce enough grain 289 00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:45,280 Speaker 1: to feed its own population. There were chronic shortages all around. 290 00:21:46,359 --> 00:21:50,000 Speaker 1: Look look how expensive these carrots are, and there's nothing 291 00:21:50,040 --> 00:21:54,280 Speaker 1: else in this stage store. But when things did occasionally appear, 292 00:21:54,720 --> 00:22:01,160 Speaker 1: people went nuts. This could be toilet paper, this could 293 00:22:01,200 --> 00:22:05,959 Speaker 1: be you know, toothpaste, it could be anything. News spread fast. 294 00:22:06,320 --> 00:22:08,439 Speaker 1: Your neighbor would tell you, Hey, there's a cheese delivery 295 00:22:08,440 --> 00:22:11,200 Speaker 1: at the store two streets over. You'd stop whatever you're 296 00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:14,080 Speaker 1: doing and go. People whould rush to the store in 297 00:22:14,160 --> 00:22:18,040 Speaker 1: line up. People spend up to three hours a day 298 00:22:18,160 --> 00:22:21,800 Speaker 1: waiting in line. The longest lines are at the vodka shops. 299 00:22:22,480 --> 00:22:25,119 Speaker 1: So there was you know, like an army of people 300 00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:28,200 Speaker 1: who walked around Moscow all day trying to find things 301 00:22:28,240 --> 00:22:31,000 Speaker 1: to buy and getting in line. And I would join 302 00:22:31,040 --> 00:22:35,439 Speaker 1: those lines. The Soviet system was at breaking point, but 303 00:22:35,560 --> 00:22:38,879 Speaker 1: people felt like they couldn't do anything about it. You 304 00:22:39,000 --> 00:22:43,000 Speaker 1: had absolutely no saying politics and who ran your country 305 00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:45,560 Speaker 1: and who ran your life, and to think about it, 306 00:22:45,680 --> 00:22:50,480 Speaker 1: to talk about it was dangerous. Surges storybook Moscow turned 307 00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:54,119 Speaker 1: into a nightmare, and this was very bad news for 308 00:22:54,160 --> 00:22:59,359 Speaker 1: Serage as well, because if there was no money and 309 00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:02,399 Speaker 1: the Soviet Union, then there was no money for the 310 00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:05,840 Speaker 1: space program, and that meant his dream of going to 311 00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:11,480 Speaker 1: space might be over before it had even begun. It 312 00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:15,200 Speaker 1: seemed that the country was stuck, that nothing would change, 313 00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:22,000 Speaker 1: but then it did. This time, the Soviet seemed to 314 00:23:22,080 --> 00:23:25,040 Speaker 1: have opted for a long term change. The man who 315 00:23:25,119 --> 00:23:28,719 Speaker 1: took charge within hours of Constantine Chernienko's death, the new 316 00:23:28,840 --> 00:23:35,680 Speaker 1: Soviet leader, Michael Go Mikhail Gorbach Mikhael Get used to 317 00:23:35,720 --> 00:23:57,480 Speaker 1: the name Mika in the mid eighties, the gray suit 318 00:23:57,520 --> 00:23:59,879 Speaker 1: of bureaucrats who had been running the country for decades 319 00:24:00,400 --> 00:24:05,639 Speaker 1: began to well die off, one by one in quick succession. 320 00:24:06,320 --> 00:24:11,479 Speaker 1: Andrewpov Chernenko, people you'd probably never heard of footnotes in history. 321 00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:14,280 Speaker 1: Another Soviet leader who was too old and too sick 322 00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:16,879 Speaker 1: when he took power to hold on to it has died. 323 00:24:18,440 --> 00:24:23,000 Speaker 1: And then they chose a great and sort of fateful act. 324 00:24:23,119 --> 00:24:27,720 Speaker 1: They chose a young man, well educated, well spoken, charming, 325 00:24:27,800 --> 00:24:32,679 Speaker 1: smile Mikhail Gorbachev. Get used to the name Mikhail. He 326 00:24:32,800 --> 00:24:36,240 Speaker 1: presented himself differently to the very formal, stuffy leaders that 327 00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:40,480 Speaker 1: came before. He's got charisma, I mean, he's got charisma, 328 00:24:40,520 --> 00:24:45,680 Speaker 1: Western style, much more aware of Soviet weaknesses, much more 329 00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:51,120 Speaker 1: open to new ideas by Soviet standards. He was revolutionary. 330 00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:57,879 Speaker 1: It was an almost immediate and Emma say, enormously exciting change. 331 00:24:58,960 --> 00:25:02,840 Speaker 1: The change Gorbach would bring to the Soviet Union was seisman. 332 00:25:03,200 --> 00:25:07,320 Speaker 1: This is the story of the emergence of Michael Segeevich Gorbachev, 333 00:25:07,880 --> 00:25:11,120 Speaker 1: of the most sweeping changes in the Soviet Union since 334 00:25:11,160 --> 00:25:15,000 Speaker 1: the Russian Revolution. In February nineteen eighty six, he delivered 335 00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:21,879 Speaker 1: a speech that shook the country. Gaim was that we 336 00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:27,439 Speaker 1: had to reform the way we live, to reform the 337 00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:30,960 Speaker 1: way we live in order to survive, to survive as 338 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:35,000 Speaker 1: the Soviet Union, and the reform had to be radical 339 00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:38,920 Speaker 1: from the bottom up. Gorbachev said that the people should 340 00:25:38,920 --> 00:25:41,240 Speaker 1: be able to speak their minds, that people should be 341 00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:46,120 Speaker 1: able to make money. He called it pedistroica, a restructuring 342 00:25:46,840 --> 00:25:54,320 Speaker 1: and Glasnos openness is something like fresh It's a great treaty. 343 00:25:54,560 --> 00:25:58,479 Speaker 1: I think that Rosness is a st step to us. 344 00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:05,600 Speaker 1: Site it was an earthquake, it was a daily earthquake. 345 00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:14,240 Speaker 1: For the first time, you could start your own business. 346 00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:18,120 Speaker 1: And so suddenly bakeries appeared in Moscow and you could 347 00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:21,840 Speaker 1: go get fresh bread. Things appeared that people could sell, 348 00:26:21,960 --> 00:26:26,520 Speaker 1: little shops appeared, kiosks in the street. Culture opened up. Suddenly, 349 00:26:26,560 --> 00:26:31,040 Speaker 1: every TV station is being more candid, is showing more. 350 00:26:31,760 --> 00:26:34,480 Speaker 1: The girl singing in Moscow and the boy singing in 351 00:26:34,520 --> 00:26:38,600 Speaker 1: Minneapolis reached out, slipped just a little and seemed to 352 00:26:38,640 --> 00:26:41,320 Speaker 1: hold hands while half a world apart. And you're coming 353 00:26:41,359 --> 00:26:45,880 Speaker 1: out of that system where everything was controlled to an 354 00:26:45,880 --> 00:26:50,080 Speaker 1: incredible degree, and especially when it's out of that period 355 00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:55,040 Speaker 1: of stagnation, when there was nothing fun on TV, nothing interesting, 356 00:26:55,640 --> 00:26:59,800 Speaker 1: sort of variety shows where sixty year old veterans singing 357 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:07,480 Speaker 1: some old ballad, some old patriotic ballad, and suddenly these 358 00:27:07,520 --> 00:27:11,040 Speaker 1: things are happening. American movies made it to Moscow in 359 00:27:11,080 --> 00:27:16,520 Speaker 1: the past. Now you Rambo Star Wars. You should not 360 00:27:16,640 --> 00:27:20,800 Speaker 1: have come back, James Bond. I've looked forward to this moment, 361 00:27:20,920 --> 00:27:23,520 Speaker 1: mister Bond. There was so much demand. And then to 362 00:27:23,720 --> 00:27:27,200 Speaker 1: enjoy it to the full, some savvy entrepreneurs powered and 363 00:27:27,280 --> 00:27:30,320 Speaker 1: copies and set up makeshift movie theaters and their apartments. 364 00:27:30,640 --> 00:27:34,280 Speaker 1: You could speak, you could buy, you could think. I mean, 365 00:27:34,400 --> 00:27:37,400 Speaker 1: all these things that had been under a cloud were 366 00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:40,280 Speaker 1: now out in the open. There was a sense that, 367 00:27:40,640 --> 00:27:44,919 Speaker 1: you know, the system was changing, and that change encompassed 368 00:27:44,960 --> 00:27:50,320 Speaker 1: everything from how you did your shopping to the space program. 369 00:27:50,359 --> 00:27:53,040 Speaker 1: The space program that in nineteen eighty five did still 370 00:27:53,080 --> 00:27:56,560 Speaker 1: have its space station, It's crown jewel, but had no 371 00:27:56,680 --> 00:28:00,520 Speaker 1: more money. The country was in such bad shape the 372 00:28:00,600 --> 00:28:04,639 Speaker 1: government could no longer afford displourage on space. This was 373 00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:07,119 Speaker 1: not just a practical matter, It was a question of 374 00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:12,840 Speaker 1: national identity. The cosmonauts became real heroes. Utika guide in 375 00:28:12,920 --> 00:28:15,919 Speaker 1: the first men in space. So there was great pride 376 00:28:15,920 --> 00:28:19,720 Speaker 1: in this program. It showed that Russia, the Soviet Union, 377 00:28:19,840 --> 00:28:23,680 Speaker 1: that the Soviet people were ahead of the West in 378 00:28:24,000 --> 00:28:29,400 Speaker 1: something that is so kind of advanced and dramatic and romantic. 379 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:32,040 Speaker 1: But now there was no more money to fund this 380 00:28:32,160 --> 00:28:36,600 Speaker 1: dramatic and romantic cornerstone of Soviet identity. No breaking the 381 00:28:36,640 --> 00:28:42,120 Speaker 1: next frontier, no inspiring the Soviet people, no future, and 382 00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:46,320 Speaker 1: no future for the program meant no future for our man, Saragey. 383 00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:52,240 Speaker 1: But Gorbachev had an idea, an idea of how to 384 00:28:52,280 --> 00:28:57,560 Speaker 1: save the mighty but crumbling space program to sell Soviet 385 00:28:57,600 --> 00:29:03,480 Speaker 1: space services globally on the commercial market. Yep. Gorbachev's big 386 00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:08,920 Speaker 1: idea was capitalism. After decades of keeping everything under wraps, 387 00:29:09,120 --> 00:29:11,120 Speaker 1: the Soviets were now going to say to the world, 388 00:29:11,440 --> 00:29:15,360 Speaker 1: our space program is open for business. We'll launch your 389 00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:18,880 Speaker 1: satellites for you. So you could pay X million dollars, 390 00:29:19,520 --> 00:29:22,080 Speaker 1: deliver your satellite to the Soviets and they would launch 391 00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:24,760 Speaker 1: it into space. We can also sell you some of 392 00:29:24,760 --> 00:29:28,160 Speaker 1: our world class equipment, things no other space programs have. 393 00:29:29,280 --> 00:29:32,240 Speaker 1: And this should have been an extremely attractive sales pitch 394 00:29:32,840 --> 00:29:35,920 Speaker 1: for countries that don't have their own space programs. But 395 00:29:36,080 --> 00:29:41,880 Speaker 1: there's one big problem. Of course, they don't understand a 396 00:29:41,960 --> 00:29:46,080 Speaker 1: thing about capitalism, or markets or anything. The Soviets weren't 397 00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:49,080 Speaker 1: great at making high tech stuff, but after years of 398 00:29:49,160 --> 00:29:53,400 Speaker 1: living under communism, they were not so good at selling things, 399 00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:58,280 Speaker 1: marketing advertising. But then they finally come up with a plan, 400 00:29:58,840 --> 00:30:01,960 Speaker 1: a plan that would totally change the space program and 401 00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:06,040 Speaker 1: give our man Sarage a chance to fulfill his dream. 402 00:30:06,240 --> 00:30:09,960 Speaker 1: Decades before Elon Musk, the Soviets started thinking, what if 403 00:30:09,960 --> 00:30:13,520 Speaker 1: we sell seats to go to space, invite people into 404 00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:17,160 Speaker 1: the heart of the Soviet program, train them, fly them 405 00:30:17,200 --> 00:30:24,080 Speaker 1: up there, in other words, space tourism. There was the 406 00:30:24,160 --> 00:30:27,120 Speaker 1: idea that would eventually lead me Lance Bass to go 407 00:30:27,160 --> 00:30:30,880 Speaker 1: to Russia and train to be a cosmo. The first 408 00:30:30,880 --> 00:30:35,360 Speaker 1: country wanting to buy the Soviet services Japan. They sent 409 00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:37,640 Speaker 1: a TV journalist to the Soviet Union to fly with 410 00:30:37,680 --> 00:30:41,280 Speaker 1: the cosmonauts. They were so desperate for money, the Soviets 411 00:30:41,280 --> 00:30:44,280 Speaker 1: agreed that the rocket could be sponsored by Japanese brands, 412 00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:48,320 Speaker 1: a pharmaceutical company, a manufactor of sanitary towels, and a 413 00:30:48,400 --> 00:30:53,400 Speaker 1: maker of karaoke equipment. The deal was worth twelve million 414 00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:58,640 Speaker 1: dollars pretty good, but it wasn't enough, so the Soviets 415 00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:02,760 Speaker 1: decided to go bigger. They were going to create a 416 00:31:02,840 --> 00:31:06,440 Speaker 1: contest to try to find the best person in an 417 00:31:06,600 --> 00:31:11,320 Speaker 1: entire country to go to space. I was driving my 418 00:31:11,360 --> 00:31:14,600 Speaker 1: car home from work and flicking through the stations trying 419 00:31:14,640 --> 00:31:17,040 Speaker 1: to find some music, and I heard an announcement as 420 00:31:17,160 --> 00:31:20,800 Speaker 1: posed an advert really, and it started off with astronaut wanted, 421 00:31:21,320 --> 00:31:27,320 Speaker 1: no experience necessary. In the next episode, this unassuming British 422 00:31:27,320 --> 00:31:30,280 Speaker 1: woman travels to Russia like me, trained to be a 423 00:31:30,280 --> 00:31:33,480 Speaker 1: cosmonaut and flies with Serge on the mission he almost 424 00:31:33,520 --> 00:31:38,640 Speaker 1: didn't come home from. That's next time on The Last Soviet. 425 00:31:50,320 --> 00:31:53,360 Speaker 1: The Last Soviet is a Kaleidoscope production in partnership with 426 00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:58,040 Speaker 1: iHeart Podcast and Exile Media, produced by Sama's Dad Audio 427 00:31:58,680 --> 00:32:03,440 Speaker 1: and hosted by me Lance Bass Executive produced by Kate 428 00:32:03,480 --> 00:32:08,480 Speaker 1: Osbourne and mangesh Hada Kadoor with Oz Wallisham and Kostas 429 00:32:08,560 --> 00:32:13,480 Speaker 1: Linos from iHeart Executive produced by Katrina Norvelle and Nikki 430 00:32:13,560 --> 00:32:17,800 Speaker 1: Ettore from Sama's Dad Audio Our executive producers or Joe 431 00:32:17,840 --> 00:32:23,320 Speaker 1: Sykes and Dasha Lisitzina. Produced by Asia Fuchs, Dasha Litzitzena, 432 00:32:23,640 --> 00:32:27,960 Speaker 1: and Joe Sykes, writing by Lydia Marchant, research by Mika 433 00:32:28,160 --> 00:32:33,160 Speaker 1: Golubovski and Molly Schwartz, music by Will Epstein, themed by 434 00:32:33,240 --> 00:32:37,280 Speaker 1: Martin or String, sound designed by Richard Ward and special 435 00:32:37,280 --> 00:32:41,720 Speaker 1: things to Nando via Lyssa Pollock, Will Pearson, Connel Byrne, 436 00:32:41,760 --> 00:32:44,800 Speaker 1: Bob Pittman, and Isaac Lead If you want to hear 437 00:32:44,880 --> 00:32:47,600 Speaker 1: more shows like this, nothing is more important to the 438 00:32:47,600 --> 00:32:52,280 Speaker 1: creators here at Kaleidoscope than subscribers, ratings, and reviews, so 439 00:32:52,400 --> 00:33:03,680 Speaker 1: please spread the love wherever you listen and number